TERMS STARTING WITH
project assurance ::: The process of specifying the support system: techniques, internal standards, measurements, tools, and training for a project; counselling the project team in the application of these elements and monitoring the adherence to the standards.
project assurance The process of specifying the support system: techniques, internal standards, measurements, tools, and training for a project; counselling the project team in the application of these elements and monitoring the adherence to the standards.
projected ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Project
projected ::: thrust outward or forward; hurled.
projectile: An object purturbed from stationary by a force before being subjected to air resistance and gravity only - where the effects of air resistance is generally understood to not reduce the speed of the object.
projectile ::: a. --> Projecting or impelling forward; as, a projectile force.
Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as, projectile motion. ::: n. --> A body projected, or impelled forward, by force;
projecting ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Project
projection: Along a line, a mapping that identifies all points on the line to be the same point and applying the same to all lines parallel to the original line.
projection: defence mechanisms whereby which unwanted thoughts are externalised or projected onto someone else.
projection ::: n. --> The act of throwing or shooting forward.
A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an extension beyond something else.
The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned; contrivance; design; plan.
The representation of something; delineation; plan; especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object
projection "theory" In domain theory, a {function}, f, which is (a) {idempotent}, i.e. f(f(x))=f(x) and (b) whose result is no more defined than its argument. E.g. F(x)=bottom or F(x)=x. In {reduction} systems, a function which returns some {component} of its argument. E.g. head, tail, \ (x,y) . x. In a {graph reduction} system the function can just return a pointer to part of its argument and does not need to build any new graph. (1997-01-29)
projection ::: (theory) In domain theory, a function, f, which is (a) idempotent, i.e. f(f(x))=f(x) and (b) whose result is no more defined than its argument. E.g. F(x)=bottom or F(x)=x.In reduction systems, a function which returns some component of its argument. E.g. head, tail, \ (x,y) . x. In a graph reduction system the function can just return a pointer to part of its argument and does not need to build any new graph. (1997-01-29)
projective plane "mathematics" The space of {equivalence classes} of {vectors} under non-zero {scalar} multiplication. Elements are sets of the form {kv: k != 0, k scalar, v != O, v a vector} where O is the origin. v is a representative member of this equivalence class. The projective plane of a {vector space} is the collection of its 1-dimensional {subspaces}. The properties of the vector space induce a {topology} and notions of {smoothness} on the projective plane. A projective plane is in no meaningful sense a plane and would therefore be (but isn't) better described as a "projective space". (1996-09-28)
projective plane ::: (mathematics) The space of equivalence classes of vectors under non-zero scalar multiplication. Elements are sets of the form {kv: k != 0, k scalar, v != O, v a vector} where O is the origin. v is a representative member of this equivalence class.The projective plane of a vector space is the collection of its 1-dimensional subspaces. The properties of the vector space induce a topology and notions of smoothness on the projective plane.A projective plane is in no meaningful sense a plane and would therefore be (but isn't) better described as a projective space. (1996-09-28)
projective test: a type of personality assessment during which an individual is asked to interpret an ambiguous, abstract stimulus and an individuals response will reveal unconscious and hidden feelings, motives and conflicts.
project management "project, job" The process of planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling the production of a system. Software tools are available to help with this, e.g. {PERT} chart editors. (1998-12-12)
project management ::: (project, job) The process of planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling the production of a system. Software tools are available to help with this, e.g. PERT chart editors. (1998-12-12)
projectment ::: n. --> Design; contrivance; projection.
project ::: n. --> The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth.
That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised; a scheme; a design; a plan.
An idle scheme; an impracticable design; as, a man given to projects. ::: v. t.
projector ::: n. --> One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes.
project planning {project management}
projecture ::: n. --> A jutting out beyond a surface.
Project - A broad, complex, multidisciplinary approach to the production of a good or service.
Project Athena "project" A {distributed system} project for support of educational and research computing at {MIT}. Much of the software developed is now in wider use, especially the {X Window System}. (2000-02-24)
Project Athena ::: (project) A distributed system project for support of educational and research computing at MIT. Much of the software developed is now in wider use, especially the X Window System.(2000-02-24)
Project costing - A cost system that collects information on activities and costs associated with a specific activity, project, or program.
Project Guardian ::: (project, security) A project which grew out of the ARPA support for Multics and the sale of Multics systems to the US Air Force. The USAF wanted a Multics. The DoD Orange Book was influenced by the experience in building secure systems gained in Project Guardian. (1997-01-29)
Project Guardian "project, security" A project which grew out of the {ARPA} support for {Multics} and the sale of Multics systems to the US Air Force. The USAF wanted a system that could be used to handle more than one security classification of data at a time. They contracted with {Honeywell} and {MITRE Corporation} to figure out how to do this. Project Guardian led to the creation of the {Access Isolation Mechanism}, the forerunner of the {B2} labeling and star property support in Multics. The {DoD Orange Book} was influenced by the experience in building secure systems gained in Project Guardian. (1997-01-29)
Project Invictus: Secret group of Technocratic idealists purging Nephandic infection and hubris from within the Union. (See Friends of Courage.)
Projection - An approximation or prediction of future events. Usually a projection is based on the known information and then used to estimate a future period but also taking into consideration events that could affect or influence the possible outcomes.
Projection: In occult terminology, the releasing of the astral body from limitations of time and space. (See: astray projection.)
Projection ::: In Psychoanalytic Theory, the defense mechanism whereby we transfer or project our feelings about one person onto another.
Projection: (Lat. projectio, from projicere, to throw forward) The mental act of attributing to sensations or sense qualia, an external and independent existence. The projection theory of Condillac and other sensationalists (see Sensationalism) asserts that sensations are first experienced as subjective states and are subsequently externalized by a special act of mind. Helmholtz restricted projection to spatial projection (the localization of sensations in space at a certain distance from the body) but the more general usage is preferable. -- L.W.
Projective Techniques ::: A generic term for the psychological procedures used to measure personality which rely on ambiguous stimuli.
Project MAC "project" A project suggested by J C R Licklider; its founding director was {MIT} Prof. Robert M Fano. MAC stood for Multiple Access Computers on the 5th floor of Tech Square, and Man and Computer on the 9th floor. The major efforts were Corbato's {Multics} development and {Marvin Minsky}'s {Artificial Intelligence} Laboratory. In 1963 Project MAC hosted a summer study, which brought many well-known computer scientists to Cambridge to use {CTSS} and to discuss the future of computing. Funding for Project MAC was provided by the Information Processing Techniques Office of the {Advanced Research Projects Agency} (ARPA) of the US Department of Defense. See also {Early PL/I}, {MacLisp}, {MACSYMA}, {MDL}, {Multipop-68}, {OCAL}. (1997-01-29)
Project MAC ::: (project) A project suggested by J C R Licklider; its founding director was MIT Prof. Robert M Fano. MAC stood for Multiple Access Computers on the 5th well-known computer scientists to Cambridge to use CTSS and to discuss the future of computing.Funding for Project MAC was provided by the Information Processing Techniques Office of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the US Department of Defense.See also Early PL/I, MacLisp, MACSYMA, MDL, Multipop-68, OCAL. (1997-01-29)
Project method: An education method which makes use of practical activities, organizing the scholastic work of the child about complex enterprises, such as making a garden, planning a circus. -- J.E.B.
PROJECT ::: Subsystem of ICES. Sammet 1969, p.616.
PROJECT Subsystem of ICES. Sammet 1969, p.616.
TERMS ANYWHERE
1. The doctrine that reality comprises a single being of which all things are modes, moments, members, appearances, or projections.
ABC 1. "computer" {Atanasoff-Berry Computer}. 2. "language" An {imperative language} and programming environment from {CWI}, Netherlands. It is interactive, structured, high-level, and easy to learn and use. It is a general-purpose language which you might use instead of {BASIC}, {Pascal} or {AWK}. It is not a systems-programming language but is good for teaching or prototyping. ABC has only five data types that can easily be combined; {strong typing}, yet without declarations; data limited only by memory; refinements to support top-down programming; nesting by indentation. Programs are typically around a quarter the size of the equivalent {Pascal} or {C} program, and more readable. ABC includes a programming environment with {syntax-directed} editing, {suggestions}, {persistent variables} and multiple workspaces and {infinite precision} arithmetic. An example function words to collect the set of all words in a document: HOW TO RETURN words document: PUT {} IN collection FOR line in document: FOR word IN split line: IF word not.in collection: INSERT word IN collection RETURN collection {Interpreter}/{compiler}, version 1.04.01, by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens, Steven Pemberton "Steven.Pemberton@cwi.nl". ABC has been ported to {Unix}, {MS-DOS}, {Atari}, {Macintosh}. {(http://cwi.nl/cwi/projects/abc.html)}. {FTP eu.net (ftp://ftp.eu.net/programming/languages/abc)}, {FTP nluug.nl (ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/programming/languages/abc)}, {FTP uunet (ftp://ftp.uu.net/languages/abc)}. Mailing list: "abc-list-request@cwi.nl". E-mail: "abc@cwi.nl". ["The ABC Programmer's Handbook" by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens and Steven Pemberton, published by Prentice-Hall (ISBN 0-13-000027-2)]. ["An Alternative Simple Language and Environment for PCs" by Steven Pemberton, IEEE Software, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1987, pp. 56-64.] (1995-02-09) 2. "language" Argument, Basic value, C?. An {abstract machine} for implementation of {functional languages} and its intermediate code. [P. Koopman, "Functional Programs as Executable Specifications", 1990]. (1995-02-09)
Abstract-Type and Scheme-Definition Language "language" (ASDL) A language developed as part of {Esprit} project {GRASPIN}, as a basis for generating {language-based editors} and environments. It combines an {object-oriented} type system, syntax-directed translation schemes and a target-language interface. ["ASDL - An Object-Oriented Specification Language for Syntax-Directed Environments", M.L. Christ-Neumann et al, European Software Eng Conf, Strasbourg, Sept 1987, pp.77-85]. (1996-02-19)
abut ::: v. i. --> To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet; -- with on, upon, or against; as, his land abuts on the road.
ACCLAIM "project" A European Union {ESPRIT} {Basic Research Action}. [What's it about?] (1994-11-08)
Account Representative "job" A person in a company who identifies new accounts, analyses customer needs, proposes business solutions, negotiates and oversees the implementation of new projects. (2004-03-08)
actinophorous ::: a. --> Having straight projecting spines.
Active Measurement Project "networking, tool, project" (AMP) An {NLANR} project undertaking site-to-site measurement across the {HPC} networks. This work is intended to compliment the measurements taken by {MCI} and {Abilene} within the networks' infrastructure. Currently {round trip times}, {topology}, and {packet loss} are being measured. (2004-01-18)
Ada 95 "language" A revision and extension of {Ada} (Ada 83) begun in 1988 and completed on 1994-12-01 by a team lead by Tucker Taft of {Intermetrics}. Chris Anderson was the Project Manager. The printed standard was expected to be available around 1995-02-15. Additions include {object-orientation} ({tagged types}, {abstract types} and {class-wide types}), hierarchical libraries and synchronisation with shared data (protected types) similar to {Orca}. It lacks {multiple inheritance} but supports the construction of multiple inheritance type hierarchies through the use of {generics} and {type composition}. {GNAT} aims to be a free implementation of Ada 95. You can get the standard from the {Ada Joint Program Office (http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/languages/ada/ajpo/index.shtml)}. ["Introducing Ada 9X", J.G.P. Barnes, Feb 1993]. (1999-12-02)
Ada/Ed "language, education" An {interpreter}, editor, and {run-time environment} for {Ada}, intended as a teaching tool. Ada/Ed does not have the capacity, performance, or robustness of commercial Ada compilers. Ada/Ed was developed at {New York University} as part of a project in language definition and software prototyping. AdaEd runs on {Unix}, {MS-DOS}, {Atari ST}, and {Amiga}. It handles nearly all of {Ada 83} and was last validated with version 1.7 of the {ACVC} tests. Being an interpreter, it does not implement most {representation clauses} and thus does not support systems programming close to the machine level. A later version was known as {GW-Ada}. E-mail: Michael Feldman "mfeldman@seas.gwu.edu". {(ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/amiga/languages/ada)}, {(ftp://cnam.cnam.fr/pub/Ada/Ada-Ed)}. {For Amiga (ftp://cs.nyu.edu/pub/adaed)}. {RISC OS port (ftp://micros.hensa.ac.uk/micros/arch/riscos/c/c052)}. (1999-11-04)
Ada "language" (After {Ada Lovelace}) A {Pascal}-descended language, designed by Jean Ichbiah's team at {CII Honeywell} in 1979, made mandatory for Department of Defense software projects by the Pentagon. The original language was standardised as "Ada 83", the latest is "{Ada 95}". Ada is a large, complex, {block-structured} language aimed primarily at {embedded} applications. It has facilities for {real-time} response, {concurrency}, hardware access and reliable run-time error handling. In support of large-scale {software engineering}, it emphasises {strong typing}, {data abstraction} and {encapsulation}. The type system uses {name equivalence} and includes both {subtypes} and {derived types}. Both fixed and {floating-point} numerical types are supported. {Control flow} is fully bracketed: if-then-elsif-end if, case-is-when-end case, loop-exit-end loop, goto. Subprogram parameters are in, out, or inout. Variables imported from other packages may be hidden or directly visible. Operators may be {overloaded} and so may {enumeration} literals. There are user-defined {exceptions} and {exception handlers}. An Ada program consists of a set of packages encapsulating data objects and their related operations. A package has a separately compilable body and interface. Ada permits {generic packages} and subroutines, possibly parametrised. Ada support {single inheritance}, using "tagged types" which are types that can be extended via {inheritance}. Ada programming places a heavy emphasis on {multitasking}. Tasks are synchronised by the {rendezvous}, in which a task waits for one of its subroutines to be executed by another. The conditional entry makes it possible for a task to test whether an entry is ready. The selective wait waits for either of two entries or waits for a limited time. Ada is often criticised, especially for its size and complexity, and this is attributed to its having been designed by committee. In fact, both Ada 83 and Ada 95 were designed by small design teams to be internally consistent and tightly integrated. By contrast, two possible competitors, {Fortran 90} and {C++} have both become products designed by large and disparate volunteer committees. See also {Ada/Ed}, {Toy/Ada}. {Home of the Brave Ada Programmers (http://lglwww.epfl.ch/Ada/)}. {Ada FAQs (http://lglwww.epfl.ch/Ada/FAQ/)} (hypertext), {text only (ftp://lglftp.epfl.ch/pub/Ada/FAQ)}. {(http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/languages/ada/)}, {(ftp://ajpo.sei.cmu.edu/)}, {(ftp://stars.rosslyn.unisys.com/pub/ACE_8.0)}. E-mail: "adainfo@ajpo.sei.cmu.edu". {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.ada}. {An Ada grammar (ftp://primost.cs.wisc.edu/)} including a lex scanner and yacc parser is available. E-mail: "masticol@dumas.rutgers.edu". {Another yacc grammar and parser for Ada by Herman Fischer (ftp://wsmr-simtel20.army.mil/PD2:"ADA.EXTERNAL-TOOLS"GRAM2.SRC)}. An {LR parser} and {pretty-printer} for {Ada} from NASA is available from the {Ada Software Repository}. {Adamakegen} generates {makefiles} for {Ada} programs. ["Reference Manual for the Ada Programming Language", ANSI/MIL STD 1815A, US DoD (Jan 1983)]. Earlier draft versions appeared in July 1980 and July 1982. ISO 1987. [{Jargon File}] (2000-08-12)
Ada Programming Support Environment "tool, project" (APSE) A program or set of programs to support software development in the Ada language. [Examples?] (1997-06-30)
A Data Management System "software, tool" (ADAM) A suite of software tools intended to assist in the design and testing of military information processing systems. ADAM was developed by the {MITRE Corporation} in 1966. It consisted of 53 different programs which ran on an {IBM 7030} (STRETCH). It was targetted at systems that had to cope with large volumes of data with complex relationships with rapid response and increasing requirements. ADAM was part of the {Information Systems Tools and Software Techniques} project. [{"Evaluation of ADAM An Advanced Data Management System", R.A.J. Gildea, Aug 1967. (http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/661273.pdf)}]. (2015-08-14)
ADDD "tool" A Depository of Development Documents. A {public domain} Software Engineering Environment from {GMD} developed as part of the {STONE} project. (1995-02-03)
Aditi "database, project" The Aditi Deductive Database System. A multi-user {deductive database} system from the Machine Intelligence Project at the {University of Melbourne}. It supports base {relations} defined by {facts} (relations in the sense of {relational databases}) and {derived relations} defined by {rules} that specify how to compute new information from old information. Both base relations and the rules defining derived relations are stored on disk and are accessed as required during query evaluation. The rules defining derived relations are expressed in a {Prolog}-like language, which is also used for expressing queries. Aditi supports the full structured data capability of Prolog. Base relations can store arbitrarily nested terms, for example arbitrary length lists, and rules can directly manipulate such terms. Base relations can be indexed with {B-trees} or multi-level signature files. Users can access the system through a {Motif}-based query and database administration tool, or through a command line interface. There is also in interface that allows {NU-Prolog} programs to access Aditi in a transparent manner. Proper {transaction processing} is not supported in this release. The beta release runs on {SPARC}/{SunOS4}.1.2 and {MIPS}/{Irix}4.0. E-mail: "aditi@cs.mu.oz.au". (1992-12-17)
ADL 1. "games" {Adventure Definition Language}. 2. "language" {Ada} Development Language. R.A. Lees, 1989. 3. "programming" {API} Definition Language. A project for Automatic Interface Test Generation. (1995-11-17)
Advanced Network Systems Architecture "networking" (ANSA) A "{software bus}" based on a model for distributed systems developed as an {ESPRIT} project. {(http://ansa.co.uk/)}. (1996-04-01)
Advanced Research Projects Agency {Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network "networking" (ARPANET) A pioneering longhaul {wide area network} funded by {DARPA} (when it was still called "ARPA"?). It became operational in 1968 and served as the basis for early networking research, as well as a central {backbone} during the development of the {Internet}. The ARPANET consisted of individual {packet switching} computers interconnected by {leased lines}. {Protocols} used include {FTP} and {telnet}. It has now been replaced by {NSFnet}. [1968 or 1969?] (1994-11-17)
Aegis "programming, tool" A {CASE} tool for project {change management} written by Peter Miller, with minor contributions by a few others. Aegis is licensed using the {GNU GPL} but is not a GNU project. {Aegis Home (http://aegis.sourceforge.net/)}. (2005-03-24)
aeolipyle ::: n. --> An apparatus consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder) with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve.
a flexible board from which a dive may be executed, secured at one end and projecting over water at the other. Also fig.
alestake ::: n. --> A stake or pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign; an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch of leaves, or a "bush."
All things in existence or non-existence are symbols of the Absolute created in self-consciousness (Chid-Atman); by Its symbols the Absolute can be known so far as the symbols reveal or hint at it, but even the knowledge of the whole sum of symbols does not amount to real knowledge of the Absolute. You can become Parabrahman; you cannot know Parabrahman. Becoming Parabrahman means going back through self-consciousness into Parabrahman, for you already are That, only you have projected yourself forward in self-consciousness into its terms or symbols, Purusha & Prakriti through which you uphold the universe. Th
refore, to become Parabrahman void of terms or symbols you must cease out of the universe. By becoming Parabrahman void of Its self-symbols you do not become anything you are not already, nor does the universe cease to operate. It only means that God throws back out of the ocean of manifest consciousness one stream or movement of Himself into that from which all consciousness proceeded.
Ref: CWSA Vol. 12, Page: 103
alto-rilievo ::: n. --> High relief; sculptured work in which the figures project more than half their thickness; as, this figure is an alto-rilievo or in alto-rilievo.
Alvey "project, body" A funding programme for collaborative research in the UK. (1995-06-01)
AMP 1. "mathematics, tool" {Algebraic Manipulation Package}. 2. "networking, tool" {Active Measurement Project}.
amputate ::: v. t. --> To prune or lop off, as branches or tendrils.
To cut off (a limb or projecting part of the body)
amputation ::: n. --> The act of amputating; esp. the operation of cutting off a limb or projecting part of the body.
ana ::: intelligence; "the consciousness which holds an image of things before it as an object with which it has to enter into relations and to possess by apprehension and a combined analytic and synthetic cognition"; a subordinate operation of vijñana which "by its power of projecting, confronting, apprehending knowledge" is the "parent of that awareness by distinction which is the process of the Mind". praj ñanamaya anamaya vij ñana
analemma ::: n. --> An orthographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west point of the horizon.
An instrument of wood or brass, on which this projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or cursor; -- formerly much used in solving some common astronomical problems.
A scale of the sun&
Analogy Model "programming" A method of estimating the cost of a proposed software project by extrapolating from the costs and schedules of similar completed projects. (1996-05-28)
anamorphosis ::: n. --> A distorted or monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image.
Same as Anamorphism, 2.
A morbid or monstrous development, or change of form, or degeneration.
Andrew File System "operating system, storage" (AFS) The distributed {file system} of the {Andrew Project}, adopted by the {OSF} as part of their {Distributed Computing Environment}. {Frequently Asked Questions (http://transarc.com/Product/AFS/FAQ/faq.html)}. (1994-11-24)
Andrew Message System "messaging" A {multimedia} interface to {electronic mail} and {bulletin boards}, developed as part of the {Andrew Project}. (1994-11-24)
Andrew Project "project" A distributed system project for support of educational and research computing at {Carnegie Mellon University}, named after Andrew Carnegie, an American philanthropist who provided money to establish CMU. See also {Andrew File System}, {Andrew Message System}, {Andrew Toolkit}, {class}. {Home FTP (ftp://emsworth.andrew.cmu.edu)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.soft-sys.andrew}. [More detail?] (1997-11-17)
Andrew Toolkit "tool" (ATK) A {portable} {user interface} toolkit developed as part of the {Andrew project}, running on the {X Window System} and distributed with {X11R5}. (1995-11-24)
"A new humanity means for us the appearance, the development of a type or race of mental beings whose principle of mentality would be no longer a mind in the Ignorance seeking for knowledge but even in its knowledge bound to the Ignorance, a seeker after Light but not its natural possessor, open to the Light but not an inhabitant of the Light, not yet a perfected instrument, truth-conscious and delivered out of the Ignorance. Instead, it would be possessed already of what could be called a mind of Light, a mind capable of living in the truth, capable of being truth-conscious and manifesting in its life a direct in place of an indirect knowledge. Its mentality would be an instrument of the Light and no longer of the Ignorance. At its highest it would be capable of passing into the supermind and from the new race would be recruited the race of supramental beings who would appear as the leaders of the evolution in earth-nature. Even, the highest manifestations of a mind of Light would be an instrumentality of the supermind, a part of it or a projection from it, a stepping beyond humanity into the superhumanity of the supramental principle. Above all, its possession would enable the human being to rise beyond the normalities of his present thinking, feeling and being into those highest powers of the mind in its self-exceedings which intervene between our mentality and supermind and can be regarded as steps leading towards the greater and more luminous principle. This advance like others in the evolution might not be reached and would naturally not be reached at one bound, but from the very beginning it would be inevitable: the pressure of the supermind creating from above out of itself the mind of Light would compel this certainty of the eventual outcome.” Essays in Philosophy and Yoga
“A new humanity means for us the appearance, the development of a type or race of mental beings whose principle of mentality would be no longer a mind in the Ignorance seeking for knowledge but even in its knowledge bound to the Ignorance, a seeker after Light but not its natural possessor, open to the Light but not an inhabitant of the Light, not yet a perfected instrument, truth-conscious and delivered out of the Ignorance. Instead, it would be possessed already of what could be called a mind of Light, a mind capable of living in the truth, capable of being truth-conscious and manifesting in its life a direct in place of an indirect knowledge. Its mentality would be an instrument of the Light and no longer of the Ignorance. At its highest it would be capable of passing into the supermind and from the new race would be recruited the race of supramental beings who would appear as the leaders of the evolution in earth-nature. Even, the highest manifestations of a mind of Light would be an instrumentality of the supermind, a part of it or a projection from it, a stepping beyond humanity into the superhumanity of the supramental principle. Above all, its possession would enable the human being to rise beyond the normalities of his present thinking, feeling and being into those highest powers of the mind in its self-exceedings which intervene between our mentality and supermind and can be regarded as steps leading towards the greater and more luminous principle. This advance like others in the evolution might not be reached and would naturally not be reached at one bound, but from the very beginning it would be inevitable: the pressure of the supermind creating from above out of itself the mind of Light would compel this certainty of the eventual outcome.” Essays in Philosophy and Yoga
angle ::: n. --> The inclosed space near the point where two lines meet; a corner; a nook.
The figure made by. two lines which meet.
The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle.
A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment.
A name given to four of the twelve astrological "houses."
A fishhook; tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line,
ansa ::: n. --> A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn&
anthelion ::: n. --> A halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings around the shadow of the spectator&
antiae ::: n. pl. --> The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal points.
Apache Software Foundation "open source, body" (ASF) A consortium that manages the development of the {Apache} {web server}, dozens of {XML}- and {Java}-based projects (under the name {Jakarta}), the {Ant} build tool, the {Geronimo} {J2EE} server, the {SpamAssassin} anti-{SPAM} tool, and much more. {Apache Home (http://apache.org/)}. (2005-01-26)
Apache "web, project" A {open source} {HTTP} server for {Unix}, {Windows NT}, and other {platforms}. Apache was developed in early 1995, based on code and ideas found in the most popular HTTP server of the time, {NCSA httpd} 1.3. It has since evolved to rival (and probably surpass) almost any other {Unix} based HTTP server in terms of functionality, and speed. Since April 1996 Apache has been the most popular HTTP server on the {Internet}, in May 1999 it was running on 57% of all web servers. It features highly configurable error messages, {DBM}-based {authentication} {databases}, and {content negotiation}. {(http://apache.org/httpd.html)}. {FAQ (http://apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ.html)}. (1999-10-27)
apodeme ::: n. --> One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.
Applications Development Manager "job" (Or "Director") The person in a company who plans and oversees multiple projects and {project managers}. The Applications Development Managers works with the {CIO} and senior management to determine systems development strategy and standards. He or she administers department budget and reviews project managers. (2004-03-06)
apse ::: n. --> A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy.
The bishop&
arm ::: n. --> The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey.
Anything resembling an arm
The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear.
A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal.
A branch of a tree.
A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a
ARPA {Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}
ARPANET {Advanced Research Projects Agency Network}
Ars Combinatoria: (Leibniz) An art or technique of deriving or inventing complex concepts by a combination of a relatively few simple ones taken as primitive. This technique was proposed as a valuable subject for study by Leibniz in De Arte Combinatoria (1666) but was never greatly developed by him. Leibniz's program for logic consisted of two main projects: (1) the development of a universal characteristic (characteristica universalis), and (2) the development of a universal mathematics (mathesis universalis (q.v.). The universal characteristic was to be a universal language for scientists and philosophers. With a relatively few basic symbols for the ultimately simple ideas, and a suitable technique for constructing compound ideas out of the simple ones, Leibniz thought that a language could be constructed which would be much more efficient for reasoning and for communication than the vague, complicated, and more or less parochial languages then available. This language would be completely universal in the sense that all scientific and philosophical concepts could be expressed in it, and also in that it would enable scholars m all countries to communicate over the barriers of their vernacular tongues. Leibniz's proposals in this matter, and what work he did on it, are the grand predecessors of a vast amount of research which has been done in the last hundred years on the techniques of language construction, and specifically on the invention of formal rules and procedures for introducing new terms into a language on the basis of terms already present, the general project of constructing a unified language for science and philosophy. L. Couturat, La Logique de Leibniz, Paris, 1901; C. I. Lewis, A Survey of Symbolic Logic, Berkeley, 1918. -- F.L.W.
aspect-oriented programming "programming" (AOP) A style of programming that attempts to abstract out features common to many parts of the code beyond simple functional modules and thereby improve the {quality} of software. Mechanisms for defining and composing {abstractions} are essential elements of programming languages. The design style supported by the abstraction mechanisms of most current languages is one of breaking a system down into parameterised components that can be called upon to perform a function. But many systems have properties that don't necessarily align with the system's functional components, such as failure handling, {persistence}, communication, replication, coordination, {memory management}, or {real-time} constraints, and tend to cut across groups of functional components. While they can be thought about and analysed relatively separately from the basic functionality, programming them using current {component-oriented languages} tends to result in these aspects being spread throughout the code. The {source code} becomes a tangled mess of instructions for different purposes. This "tangling" phenomenon is at the heart of much needless complexity in existing software systems. A number of researchers have begun working on approaches to this problem that allow programmers to express each of a system's aspects of concern in a separate and natural form, and then automatically combine those separate descriptions into a final executable form. These approaches have been called aspect-oriented programming. {Xerox AOP homepage (http://parc.xerox.com/csl/projects/aop/)}. {AspectJ (http://AspectJ.org/)}. {ECOOPP'99 AOP workshop (http://wwwtrese.cs.utwente.nl/aop-ecoop99/)}. (1999-11-21)
ASPECT "tool, programming" An {IPSE} developed by an {Alvey} project, using {Z} to specify the {object-management system} and tool interface. (1996-03-25)
Asset Source for Software Engineering Technology "project" (ASSET) A programme to promote software {reuse} by the US {DoD}. See also {ASSET Reuse Library}. (1996-08-19)
assignment problem "mathematics, algorithm" (Or "linear assignment") Any problem involving minimising the sum of C(a, b) over a set P of pairs (a, b) where a is an element of some set A and b is an element of set B, and C is some function, under constraints such as "each element of A must appear exactly once in P" or similarly for B, or both. For example, the a's could be workers and the b's projects. The problem is "linear" because the "cost function" C() depends only on the particular pairing (a, b) and is independent of all other pairings. {(http://forum.swarthmore.edu/epigone/comp.soft-sys.matlab/bringhyclu)}. {(http://soci.swt.edu/capps/prob.htm)}. {(http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/GROUP95/0577.html)}. {(http://informs.org/Conf/WA96/TALKS/SB24.3.html)}. [Algorithms?] (1999-07-12)
astrolabe ::: n. --> An instrument for observing or showing the positions of the stars. It is now disused.
A stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of a great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a planisphere.
Athena {Project Athena}
Attributed File System "storage" (AtFS) The basis of the {Shape_VC} toolkit. Cooperative work within projects is supported by a status model controlling visibility of version objects, locking, and "long transactions" for synchronising concurrent updates. The concept of object attributes provides a basis for storing management information with versions and passing this information between individual tools. This mechanism is useful for building integrated environments from a set of unrelated tools. (2000-02-24)
audiographic teleconferencing "communications" (Or "electronic whiteboarding", "screen sharing") A form of {teleconferencing} in {real time} using both an {audio} and a data connection. The computer screen is shared by more than one site, and used as an electronic blackboard, overhead projector or still video projector. Some systems allow for sharing software also. (1995-10-06)
auriculated ::: a. --> Having ears or appendages like ears; eared. Esp.: (a) (Bot.) Having lobes or appendages like the ear; shaped like the ear; auricled. (b) (Zool.) Having an angular projection on one or both sides, as in certain bivalve shells, the foot of some gastropods, etc.
autoprojector "theory" A self-applicable {partial evaluator}. (2001-09-16)
autoconfiscate "software, jargon" A term coined by Noah Friedman meaning to set up or modify a {source-code} distribution so that it configures and builds using the {GNU project}'s {autoconf}/automake/libtools suite. (2002-09-20)
autoconf "software, tool" The {GNU project}'s tool that configures a source code distribution to compile and run on a different platform. Among {open source} {hackers}, a mere running {binary} of a program is not considered a full release; what's interesting is a source tree that can be built into binaries using standard tools. Since the mid-1990s, autoconf, {automake}, and {libtools} have been the standard way to make a distribution portable so that it can be built on multiple {operating systems} without change. (2002-09-20)
BABYLON "artificial intelligence" A {development environment} for {expert systems}. BABYLON includes {frames}, {constraints}, a {prolog}-like logic formalism and a description language for diagnostic applications. It requires {Common Lisp}. Version 2.3, 1994-06-22 included ports to {MCL}, {TI CL}, {Allegro CL}, {CLisp}, {CMU CL}. Contact: Juergen Walther, AI Research Division, {GMD}. {CMU AI archive (http://www-cgi.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/expert/systems/babylon/0.html)} (2019-05-27)
balcony ::: a platform that projects from the wall of a building and is surrounded by a railing, balustrade, or parapet.
balcony ::: n. --> A platform projecting from the wall of a building, usually resting on brackets or consoles, and inclosed by a parapet; as, a balcony in front of a window. Also, a projecting gallery in places of amusement; as, the balcony in a theater.
A projecting gallery once common at the stern of large ships.
baldachin ::: n. --> A rich brocade; baudekin.
A structure in form of a canopy, sometimes supported by columns, and sometimes suspended from the roof or projecting from the wall; generally placed over an altar; as, the baldachin in St. Peter&
ballistic ::: a. --> Of or pertaining to the ballista, or to the art of hurling stones or missile weapons by means of an engine.
Pertaining to projection, or to a projectile.
ball ::: n. --> Any round or roundish body or mass; a sphere or globe; as, a ball of twine; a ball of snow.
A spherical body of any substance or size used to play with, as by throwing, knocking, kicking, etc.
A general name for games in which a ball is thrown, kicked, or knocked. See Baseball, and Football.
Any solid spherical, cylindrical, or conical projectile of lead or iron, to be discharged from a firearm; as, a cannon ball; a
barb ::: n. --> Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.
A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners.
Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen.
The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc.,
bargecourse ::: n. --> A part of the tiling which projects beyond the principal rafters, in buildings where there is a gable.
bartizan ::: n. --> A small, overhanging structure for lookout or defense, usually projecting at an angle of a building or near an entrance gateway.
bas-relief ::: n. --> Low relief; sculpture, the figures of which project less than half of their true proportions; -- called also bassrelief and basso-rilievo. See Alto-rilievo.
bastion ::: n. --> A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the adjacent curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to another. Two adjacent bastions are connected by the curtain, which joins the flank of one with the adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the flanks of a bastion is called the gorge. A lunette is a detached bastion. See Ravelin.
bay window ::: --> A window forming a bay or recess in a room, and projecting outward from the wall, either in a rectangular, polygonal, or semicircular form; -- often corruptly called a bow window.
beaker ::: n. --> A large drinking cup, with a wide mouth, supported on a foot or standard.
An open-mouthed, thin glass vessel, having a projecting lip for pouring; -- used for holding solutions requiring heat.
beak ::: n. --> The bill or nib of a bird, consisting of a horny sheath, covering the jaws. The form varied much according to the food and habits of the bird, and is largely used in the classification of birds.
A similar bill in other animals, as the turtles.
The long projecting sucking mouth of some insects, and other invertebrates, as in the Hemiptera.
The upper or projecting part of the shell, near the hinge of a bivalve.
Besides these transcriptions or impresses the psychical vision receives thought Images and other forms created by constant activity of consciousaess in ourselves or in other human beings, and these may be according to the character of the activity, images of truth or falsehood or else mixed things, partly true, partly false, and may be too either mere shells and representa- tions or images inspired wth a temporary life and consciousness and, it may be, canjing in them in one way or another some kind of beneficent or maleficent action or some willed or unwilled effectiveness on our minds or vital being or through them e^'cn on the body. These transcriptions, impresses, thought images, life images, projections of the consciousness may also be representa- tions or creations not of the physical wxtrJd, but of vital, psychic or mental worlds beyond us, seen in our own minds or projected from other than human beings. And as there is this psychical vision of which some of the more cxremaf ana’ ordinary marrr- festaUons arc well enough known by the name of clairvoyance, so there is a psychical hearing and psychical touch, taste, smell
Bezier curve "graphics" A type of curve defined by mathematical formulae, used in {computer graphics}. A curve with coordinates P(u), where u varies from 0 at one end of the curve to 1 at the other, is defined by a set of n+1 "control points" (X(i), Y(i), Z(i)) for i = 0 to n. P(u) = Sum i=0..n [(X(i), Y(i), Z(i)) * B(i, n, u)] B(i, n, u) = C(n, i) * u^i * (1-u)^(n-i) C(n, i) = n!/i!/(n-i)! A Bezier curve (or surface) is defined by its control points, which makes it invariant under any {affine mapping} (translation, rotation, parallel projection), and thus even under a change in the axis system. You need only to transform the control points and then compute the new curve. The control polygon defined by the points is itself affine invariant. Bezier curves also have the variation-diminishing property. This makes them easier to split compared to other types of curve such as {Hermite} or {B-spline}. Other important properties are multiple values, global and local control, versatility, and order of continuity. [What do these properties mean?] (1996-06-12)
biauriculate ::: a. --> Having two auricles, as the heart of mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Having two earlike projections at its base, as a leaf.
bicarinate ::: a. --> Having two keel-like projections, as the upper palea of grasses.
bidigitate ::: a. --> Having two fingers or fingerlike projections.
Bidouilleurs Sans Argent "body" (BSA, French for "Moneyless Hackers") An association which aim is to help computer users who can't afford to buy commercial software. The main purpose of the association is the promotion of {free software}, and distribution of ex-commercial software. This is clearly an answer to the repressive attitude of the "other" {BSA}. Among BSA members are {Richard Stallman}, creator of the {GNU} project. {(http://bsa.lu/)}. (1998-10-27)
bilection ::: n. --> That portion of a group of moldings which projects beyond the general surface of a panel; a bolection.
bizet ::: n. --> The upper faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond, which projects from the setting and occupies the zone between the girdle and the table. See Brilliant, n.
blade ::: n. --> Properly, the leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of any plant, especially of gramineous plants. The term is sometimes applied to the spire of grasses.
The cutting part of an instrument; as, the blade of a knife or a sword.
The broad part of an oar; also, one of the projecting arms of a screw propeller.
The scapula or shoulder blade.
BLISS-11 "language" A {cross-compiler} for the {PDP-11} running on a {PDP-10}. Written at {CMU} to support the {C.mmp}/{Hydra} project. (2002-02-01)
blockhouse ::: n. --> An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for military defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and often an upper story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon it as to have its sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower story, thus enabling the defenders to fire downward, and in all directions; -- formerly much used in America and Germany.
A house of squared logs.
blowgun ::: n. --> A tube, as of cane or reed, sometimes twelve feet long, through which an arrow or other projectile may be impelled by the force of the breath. It is a weapon much used by certain Indians of America and the West Indies; -- called also blowpipe, and blowtube. See Sumpitan.
Boehm B. Proposed the COCOMO technique for evaluating the cost of a software project.
bolection ::: n. --> A projecting molding round a panel. Same as Bilection.
bongrace ::: n. --> A projecting bonnet or shade to protect the complexion; also, a wide-brimmed hat.
bonnet ::: n. --> A headdress for men and boys; a cap.
A soft, elastic, very durable cap, made of thick, seamless woolen stuff, and worn by men in Scotland.
A covering for the head, worn by women, usually protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no part of the forehead. The shape of the bonnet varies greatly at different times; formerly the front part projected, and spread outward, like the mouth of a funnel.
boom ::: n. --> A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail; as, the jib boom, the studding-sail boom, etc.
A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted is suspended.
A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel in a river or harbor.
A strong chain cable, or line of spars bound together,
bossage ::: n. --> A stone in a building, left rough and projecting, to be afterward carved into shape.
Rustic work, consisting of stones which seem to advance beyond the level of the building, by reason of indentures or channels left in the joinings.
boss ::: n. --> Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or body; a knoblike process; as, a boss of wood.
A protuberant ornament on any work, either of different material from that of the work or of the same, as upon a buckler or bridle; a stud; a knob; the central projection of a shield. See Umbilicus.
A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat, and in other situations.
bottom-up model "programming" A method for estimating the cost of a complete software project by combining estimates for each component. (1996-05-28)
bowsprit ::: n. --> A large boom or spar, which projects over the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward.
projected ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Project
projected ::: thrust outward or forward; hurled.
projectile ::: a. --> Projecting or impelling forward; as, a projectile force.
Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as, projectile motion. ::: n. --> A body projected, or impelled forward, by force;
projecting ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Project
projection ::: n. --> The act of throwing or shooting forward.
A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an extension beyond something else.
The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned; contrivance; design; plan.
The representation of something; delineation; plan; especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object
projectment ::: n. --> Design; contrivance; projection.
project ::: n. --> The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth.
That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised; a scheme; a design; a plan.
An idle scheme; an impracticable design; as, a man given to projects. ::: v. t.
projector ::: n. --> One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes.
projecture ::: n. --> A jutting out beyond a surface.
bracket ::: n. --> An architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office.
A piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.
A shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.
brad ::: n. --> A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head.
Brooks's Law "programming" "Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later" - a result of the fact that the expected advantage from splitting work among N programmers is O(N) (that is, proportional to N), but the complexity and communications cost associated with coordinating and then merging their work is O(N^2) (that is, proportional to the square of N). The quote is from Fred Brooks, a manager of {IBM}'s {OS/360} project and author of "{The Mythical Man-Month}". The myth in question has been most tersely expressed as "Programmer time is fungible" and Brooks established conclusively that it is not. Hackers have never forgotten his advice; too often, {management} still does. See also {creationism}, {second-system effect}, {optimism}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-09-17)
-browed ::: adj. dark-browed, deep-browed, great-browed, Queen-browed. ::: rough-browed. [In this instance, -browed refers to the projecting edge of a cliff or hill.]
brow ::: n. --> The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers it, forming an arch above the orbit.
The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the eyes); the eyebrow.
The forehead; as, a feverish brow.
The general air of the countenance.
The edge or projecting upper part of a steep place; as, the brow of a precipice; the brow of a hill.
brute force attack "cryptography" A method of breaking a cipher (that is, to decrypt a specific encrypted text) by trying every possible {key}. The quicker the brute force attack, the weaker the cipher. Feasibility of brute force attack depends on the key length of the cipher, and on the amount of computational power available to the attacker. Brute force attack is impossible against the ciphers with variable-size key, such as a {one-time pad} cipher. {Breaking ciphers with many workstations (http://distributed.net/projects.html.en)}. (2000-01-16)
bug tracking system "programming" (BTS) A system for receiving and filing {bugs} reported against a {software} project, and tracking those bugs until they are fixed. Most major software projects have their own BTS, the {source code} of which is often available for use by other projects. Well known BTSs include {GNATS}, {Bugzilla}, and {Debbugs}. (2002-06-12)
Bugzilla "programming" The web-based {bug tracking system} used by the {Mozilla} project. {Bugzilla home (http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/)}. (2002-06-12)
build "programming, systems" To process all of a project's {source code} and other digital assets or resources in order to produce a deployable product. In the simplest case this might mean compiling one file of {C} source to produce an {executable} file. More complex builds would typically involve compiling multiple source files, building library modules, packaging intermediate build products (e.g. {Java} {class files} in a {jar file}), adding or updating version information and other data about the product (e.g. intended deployment {platform}), running tests and interacting with a {source code control} system. The build process is normally automated using tools such as {Unix} {make}, {Apache} {ant} or as part of an {integrated development environment}. This is taken one step further by {continuous integration} set-ups which periodically build the system while you are working on it. (2011-12-16)
bulge ::: a rounded projection, bend or protruding part; protuberance; hump.
bumkin ::: n. --> A projecting beam or boom; as: (a) One projecting from each bow of a vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a tack bumpkin. (b) One from each quarter, for the main-brace blocks, and called brace bumpkin. (c) A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to extend the mizzen.
burn-in period 1. "testing" A factory {soak test} intended to increase the chance that components that fail early due to {infant mortality} will fail before the system leaves the factory. 2. "jargon" When one is so intensely involved in a new project that one forgets basic needs such as food, drink and sleep. Excessive burn-in can lead to burn-out. See {hack mode}, {larval stage}. [{Jargon File}] (2007-01-17)
buttress ::: n. --> A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and symmetry.
Anything which supports or strengthens. ::: v. t. --> To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly.
calibre ::: n. --> The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column.
Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind.
caltrap ::: n. --> A genus of herbaceous plants (Tribulus) of the order Zygophylleae, having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.
An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where an enemy&
CamelCase "programming" The practice of concatenating words with either all words capitalised (e.g. "ICantReadThis" - sometimes called "UpperCamelCase" or "PascalCase") or all except the first ("iCantReadThis" - called "lowerCamelCase"). It is used in contexts where space characters are not allowed, such as identifiers in {source code}. Modern best practice separates words in identifiers with {underscore} for readability (like_this_example). CamelCase is probably a historical throw-back to systems that had no underscore or when the length of identifiers was constrained either by the programming language or by the width of computer displays. Unfortunately it has infected many projects, origanisations and programming languages such as {Java} where the uniniated create identifiers like "MemberSubmissionAddressingWSDLParserExtension". (2014-12-02)
camera lucida ::: --> An instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form, or an arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an external object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane surface, as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently traced. It is generally used with the microscope.
cam ::: n. --> A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it.
A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces together.
A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to another piece against which
canopy ::: n. --> A covering fixed over a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of honor.
An ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche, etc.
Also, a rooflike covering, supported on pillars over an altar, a statue, a fountain, etc. ::: v. t.
cantalever ::: n. --> A bracket to support a balcony, a cornice, or the like.
A projecting beam, truss, or bridge unsupported at the outer end; one which overhangs.
cantle ::: n. --> A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a fragment; a part.
The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle, opposite to the pommel. ::: v. t. --> To cut in pieces; to cut out from.
cantoned ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Canton ::: a. --> Having a charge in each of the four corners; -- said of a cross on a shield, and also of the shield itself.
Having the angles marked by, or decorated with, projecting moldings or small columns; as, a cantoned pier or pilaster.
Capability Maturity Model "software" (CMM) The {Software Engineering Institute}'s model of {software engineering} that specifies five levels of maturity of the processes of a software organisation. CMM offers a framework for evolutionary process improvement. Originally applied to software development (SE-CMM), it has been expanded to cover other areas including Human Resources and Software Acquitition. The levels - focii - and key process areas are: Level 1 Initial - Heroes - None. Level 2 Repeatable - Project Management - Software Project Planning, Software Project Tracking and Oversight, Software Subcontract Management, Software Quality Assurance, Software Configuration Management, Requirements Management. Level 3 Defined - Engineering Process - Organisation Process Focus, Organisation Process Definition, Peer Reviews, Training Program, Inter-group Coordination, Software Product Engineering, Integrated Software Management. Level 4 Managed - Product and Process Quality - Software Quality Management, Quantitative Process Management. Level 5 Optimising - Continuous Improvement - Process Change Management, Technology Change Management, Defect Prevention. {(http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmm/cmm.html)}. (2001-04-28)
Career Limiting Move "jargon" (CLM, Sun) Any action endangering one's future prospects of getting plum projects and raises, and possibly one's job. E.g. "His Halloween costume was a parody of his manager. He won the prize for "best CLM"." A severe bug discovered by a customer might be a "CLM bug". (2000-08-09)
carina ::: n. --> A keel
That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification
A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.
The keel of the breastbone of birds.
carronade ::: n. --> A kind of short cannon, formerly in use, designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing, the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions, but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop on its under side.
Cartesian coordinates "mathematics, graphics" (After Renee Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician) A pair of numbers, (x, y), defining the position of a point in a two-dimensional space by its perpendicular projection onto two axes which are at right angles to each other. x and y are also known as the {abscissa} and {ordinate}. The idea can be generalised to any number of independent axes. Compare {polar coordinates}. (1997-07-08)
cascabel ::: n. --> The projection in rear of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all in rear of the base ring. [See Illust. of Cannon.]
case shot ::: --> A collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or canister.
CASE tools Software tools to help in the application of CASE methods to a software project.
Categorical Abstract Machine Language "language" (Originally "CAML" - Categorical Abstract Machine Language) A version of {ML} by G. Huet, G. Cousineau, Ascander Suarez, Pierre Weis, Michel Mauny and others of {INRIA} and {ENS}. CAML is intermediate between {LCF ML} and {SML} [in what sense?]. It has {first-class} functions, {static type inference} with {polymorphic} types, user-defined {variant types} and {product types}, and {pattern matching}. It is built on a proprietary run-time system. The CAML V3.1 implementation added {lazy} and {mutable} data structures, a "{grammar}" mechanism for interfacing with the {Yacc} {parser generator}, {pretty-printing} tools, high-performance {arbitrary-precision} arithmetic, and a complete library. CAML V3 is often nicknamed "heavy CAML", because of its heavy memory and CPU requirements compared to {Caml Light}. in 1990 Xavier Leroy and Damien Doligez designed a new implementation called {Caml Light}, freeing the previous implementation from too many experimental high-level features, and more importantly, from the old Le_Lisp back-end. Following the addition of a {native-code} compiler and a powerful {module} system in 1995 and of the {object} and {class} layer in 1996, the project's name was changed to {Objective Caml}. ["The CAML Reference Manual", P. Weis et al, TR INRIA-ENS, 1989]. (2003-04-12)
cathead ::: n. --> A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel, to which the anchor is hoisted and secured.
cat ::: n. --> An animal of various species of the genera Felis and Lynx. The domestic cat is Felis domestica. The European wild cat (Felis catus) is much larger than the domestic cat. In the United States the name wild cat is commonly applied to the bay lynx (Lynx rufus) See Wild cat, and Tiger cat.
A strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist. It is employed in the coal and timber trade.
A strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a
cavo-rilievo ::: n. --> Hollow relief; sculpture in relief within a sinking made for the purpose, so no part of it projects beyond the plain surface around.
Chalmers University of Technology "body, education" A Swedish university founded in 1829 offering master of science and doctoral degrees. Research is carried out in the main engineering sciences as well as in technology related mathematical and natural sciences. Five hundred faculty members work in more than 100 departments organised in nine schools. Chalmers collaborates with the University of Göteborg. Around 8500 people work and study on the Chalmers campus, including around 500 faculty members and some 600 teachers and doctoral students. About 4800 students follow the master degree programs. Every year 700 Masters of Science in Engineering and in Architecture graduate from Chalmers, and about 190 PhDs and licentiates are awarded. Some 40% of Sweden's engineers and architects are Chalmers graduates. About a thousand research projects are in progress and more than 1500 scientific articles and research reports are published every year. Chalmers is a partner in 80 EC research projects. {(http://chalmers.se/Home-E.html)}. Address: S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden. (1995-02-16)
chameleon ::: any of numerous Old World lizards of the family Chamaeleontidae, characterized by the ability to change the colour of their skin, very slow locomotion, and a projectile tongue.
Characteristica Universalis: The name given by Leibniz to his projected (but only partially realized) "universal language" for the formulation of knowledge. This language was to be ideographic, with simple characters standing for simple concepts, and combinations of them for compound ideas, so that all knowledge could be expressed in terms which all could easily learn to use and understand. It represents an adumbration of the more recent and more successful logistic treatment of mathematics and science. It is to be distinguished, however, from the "universal calculus," also projected by Leibniz, which was to be the instrument for the development and manipulation of systems in the universal language. -- W.K.F.
chart ::: n. --> A sheet of paper, pasteboard, or the like, on which information is exhibited, esp. when the information is arranged in tabular form; as, an historical chart.
A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map on which is projected a portion of water and the land which it surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended especially for the use of seamen; as, the United States Coast Survey charts; the English Admiralty charts.
A written deed; a charter.
cheliform ::: a. --> Having a movable joint or finger closing against a preceding joint or a projecting part of it, so that the whole may be used for grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.
CHEOPS "communications" A satellite-based batch data dissemination project between {CERN} and member state institutes. (2006-06-21)
chicken-breasted ::: a. --> Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward curvature of the vertebral column.
chimerical ::: a. --> Merely imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived; having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought; as, chimerical projects.
chimney-breast ::: n. --> The horizontal projection of a chimney from the wall in which it is built; -- commonly applied to its projection in the inside of a building only.
chine ::: n. --> A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; as, Shanklin Chine in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep.
The backbone or spine of an animal; the back.
A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. [See Illust. of Beef.]
The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.
chronoscope ::: n. --> An instrument for measuring minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena, etc.
CICERO "project" Control Information system Concepts based on Encapsulated Real-time Objects. A {CERN} {DRDC} proposal. (1995-01-25)
CIL 1. "project" {Component Integration Laboratories}. 2. "language" {Common Intermediate Language}.
CIP Language language" (CIP-L, Computer-aided Intuition-guided Programming Language) A {wide-spectrum language} for incremental {program transformation}. There are {ALGOL}- and {Pascal}-like variants. ["The Munich Project CIP, v.I: The Wide Spectrum Language CIP-L", LNCS 183, Springer 1984. Version: CIP85]. (2006-09-20)
cittakasa. These may be transcriptions there or impresses of physical things, persons, scenes, happenings, whatever is, was or will be or may be in the ph^ical universe. These images are very variously seen and under all kinds of conditions ; in samadhi or in the waking stale, and in the latter with the bodily eyes closed or open, projected on or into a physical object or medium or seen as if materialised in the physical atmosphere or only in a psychical ether revealing itself through this grosser physical atmosphere ; seen through the physical eyes themselves as a secondary instrument and as if under the conditions of the physical vision or by the psychical vision alone and indepen- dently of the relations of our ordinary sight to space. The real agent is always the psychical sight and the power indicates that the consciousness is more or less awake, intermittently or nor- mally and more or less perfectly, in the psj’chical body. It is possible to see In this way the transcriptions or impressions of things at any distance beyond the range of the physical vision or the images of the past or the future.
class 1. "programming" The prototype for an {object} in an {object-oriented language}; analogous to a {derived type} in a {procedural language}. A class may also be considered to be a set of objects which share a common structure and behaviour. The structure of a class is determined by the {class variables} which represent the {state} of an object of that class and the behaviour is given by a set of {methods} associated with the class. Classes are related in a {class hierarchy}. One class may be a specialisation (a "{subclass}") of another (one of its "{superclasses}") or it may be composed of other classes or it may use other classes in a {client-server} relationship. A class may be an {abstract class} or a {concrete class}. See also {signature}. 2. "programming" See {type class}. 3. "networking" One of three types of {Internet addresses} distinguished by their most significant bits. 3. "language" A language developed by the {Andrew Project}. It was one of the first attempts to add {object-oriented} features to {C}. (1995-05-01)
clinographic ::: a. --> Pertaining to that mode of projection in drawing in which the rays of light are supposed to fall obliquely on the plane of projection.
collapse ::: v. i. --> To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a hollow vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be crushed in together; as, a flue in the boiler of a steam engine sometimes collapses.
To fail suddenly and completely, like something hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse; as, Maximilian&
console ::: v. t. --> To cheer in distress or depression; to alleviate the grief and raise the spirits of; to relieve; to comfort; to soothe. ::: n. --> A bracket whose projection is not more than half its height.
Any small bracket; also, a console table.
contrate ::: a. --> Having cogs or teeth projecting parallel to the axis, instead of radiating from it.
cordon ::: n. --> A cord or ribbon bestowed or borne as a badge of honor; a broad ribbon, usually worn after the manner of a baldric, constituting a mark of a very high grade in an honorary order. Cf. Grand cordon.
The cord worn by a Franciscan friar.
The coping of the scarp wall, which projects beyong the face of the wall a few inches.
A line or series of sentinels, or of military posts, inclosing or guarding any place or thing.
cornice ::: n. --> Any horizontal, molded or otherwise decorated projection which crowns or finishes the part to which it is affixed; as, the cornice of an order, pedestal, door, window, or house.
cornices ::: prominent, continuous, horizontally projecting features surmounting a wall or other construction, or dividing it horizontally for compositional purposes; i.e. to crown or complete a building.
corona ::: n. --> A crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services.
The projecting part of a Classic cornice, the under side of which is cut with a recess or channel so as to form a drip. See Illust. of Column.
The upper surface of some part, as of a tooth or the skull; a crown.
The shelly skeleton of a sea urchin.
counterfort ::: n. --> A kind of buttress of masonry to strengthen a revetment wall.
A spur or projection of a mountain.
countermine ::: n. --> An underground gallery excavated to intercept and destroy the mining of an enemy.
A stratagem or plot by which another sratagem or project is defeated. ::: v. t. --> To oppose by means of a countermine; to intercept
cowfish ::: n. --> The grampus.
A California dolphin (Tursiops Gillii).
A marine plectognath fish (Ostracoin quadricorne, and allied species), having two projections, like horns, in front; -- called also cuckold, coffer fish, trunkfish.
craggy ::: a. --> Full of crags; rugged with projecting points of rocks; as, the craggy side of a mountain.
crane ::: n. --> A measure for fresh herrings, -- as many as will fill a barrel.
A wading bird of the genus Grus, and allied genera, of various species, having a long, straight bill, and long legs and neck.
A machine for raising and lowering heavy weights, and, while holding them suspended, transporting them through a limited lateral distance. In one form it consists of a projecting arm or jib of timber or iron, a rotating post or base, and the necessary tackle, windlass,
Creation ::: Creation is not a making of something out of nothing or of one thing out of another, but a self-projection of Brahman into the conditions of Space and Time. Creation is not a making, but a becoming in terms and forms of conscious existence
Ref: CWSA Vol. 17, Page: 24
creation ::: “Creation is not a making of something out of nothing or of one thing out of another, but a self-projection of Brahman into the conditions of Space and Time. Creation is not a making, but a becoming in terms and forms of conscious existence.” The Upanishads
crocket ::: n. --> An ornament often resembling curved and bent foliage, projecting from the sloping edge of a gable, spire, etc.
A croche, or knob, on the top of a stag&
crow ::: v. i. --> To make the shrill sound characteristic of a cock, either in joy, gayety, or defiance.
To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.
To utter a sound expressive of joy or pleasure.
A bird, usually black, of the genus Corvus, having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles. It has a harsh, croaking note. See Caw.
A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar of iron
davit ::: n. --> A spar formerly used on board of ships, as a crane to hoist the flukes of the anchor to the top of the bow, without injuring the sides of the ship; -- called also the fish davit.
Curved arms of timber or iron, projecting over a ship&
Defenses (Defense Mechanisms) ::: Psychological forces which prevent undesirable or inappropriate impulses from entering consciousness (e.g., forgetting responsibilities that we really didn&
demi-rilievo ::: n. --> Half relief; sculpture in relief of which the figures project from the background by one half their full roundness.
A work of sculpture of the above character. See Alto-rilievo.
dentated ::: a. --> Toothed; especially, with the teeth projecting straight out, not pointed either forward or backward; as, a dentate leaf.
Having teeth or toothlike points. See Illust. of Antennae.
denticle ::: n. --> A small tooth or projecting point.
denticulated ::: a. --> Furnished with denticles; notched into little toothlike projections; as, a denticulate leaf of calyx.
dentil ::: n. --> A small square block or projection in cornices, a number of which are ranged in an ornamental band; -- used particularly in the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders.
departure ::: 1. The act of leaving. 2. A project, course of action, venture, etc. departure"s.
design ::: n. --> To draw preliminary outline or main features of; to sketch for a pattern or model; to delineate; to trace out; to draw.
To mark out and exhibit; to designate; to indicate; to show; to point out; to appoint.
To create or produce, as a work of art; to form a plan or scheme of; to form in idea; to invent; to project; to lay out in the mind; as, a man designs an essay, a poem, a statue, or a cathedral.
To intend or purpose; -- usually with for before the remote
device ::: n. --> That which is devised, or formed by design; a contrivance; an invention; a project; a scheme; often, a scheme to deceive; a stratagem; an artifice.
Power of devising; invention; contrivance.
An emblematic design, generally consisting of one or more figures with a motto, used apart from heraldic bearings to denote the historical situation, the ambition, or the desire of the person adopting it. See Cognizance.
diglyph ::: n. --> A projecting face like the triglyph, but having only two channels or grooves sunk in it.
dimension ::: n. --> Measure in a single line, as length, breadth, height, thickness, or circumference; extension; measurement; -- usually, in the plural, measure in length and breadth, or in length, breadth, and thickness; extent; size; as, the dimensions of a room, or of a ship; the dimensions of a farm, of a kingdom.
Extent; reach; scope; importance; as, a project of large dimensions.
The degree of manifoldness of a quantity; as, time is
disk ::: n. --> A discus; a quoit.
A flat, circular plate; as, a disk of metal or paper.
The circular figure of a celestial body, as seen projected of the heavens.
A circular structure either in plants or animals; as, a blood disk; germinal disk, etc.
The whole surface of a leaf.
The central part of a radiate compound flower, as in
dogtooth ::: n. --> See Canine tooth, under Canine.
An ornament common in Gothic architecture, consisting of pointed projections resembling teeth; -- also called tooth ornament.
ear ::: n. --> The organ of hearing; the external ear.
The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; -- in the singular only.
That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the
echauguette ::: n. --> A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel, usually in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See Castle.
Effectiveness: See Logistic system, and Logic, formal, § 1. Effluvium: See Effluxes, Theory of. Effluxes, Theory of: (Lat. efflux, from effluere, to flow out) Theory of early Greek thinkers that perception is mediated by effluvia or simulacra projected by physical objects and impinging upon the organs of sense. Thus Empedocles developed the theory of effluxes in conjunction with the principle that "like perceives only like" (similia similibus percipiuntur); an element in the external world can only be perceived by the same element in the body. (See Aristotle, De Gen. et Corr. I, 8, 324b26; Theophrastus, De Sens. 7.) Democritus' theory of images is a form of the theory of effluxes. -- L.W.
Eject: (Lat. pp. of ejicere, to throw out) Term intioduced by W. K. Clifford to designate another conscious subject conceived as an outward projection of the knowing subject. -- L.W.
electro-ballistics ::: n. --> The art or science of measuring the force or velocity of projectiles by means of electricity.
elevation ::: a drawing of a building or other object made in projection on a vertical plane, as distinguished from a ground plan.
ellipse ::: n. --> An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis. See Conic section, under Conic, and cf. Focus.
Omission. See Ellipsis.
The elliptical orbit of a planet.
embossed ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Emboss ::: a. --> Formed or covered with bosses or raised figures.
Having a part projecting like the boss of a shield.
Swollen; protuberant.
Empathy: (Gr. en + pathein, to suffer) The projection by the mind into an object of the subjective feeling of bodily posture and attitude which result from the tendency of the body to conform to the spatial organization of the object (e.g. the tendency to imitate the outstretched hands of a statue). The phenomenon is of particular significance for aesthetics. See H. S. Langfeld, The Aesthetic Attitude. The term was introduced to translate the German Einfühlung. See Lipps, Raumaesthetik und geometrisch-optische Täuschungen. See Eject. -- L.W.
endostyle ::: n. --> A fold of the endoderm, which projects into the blood cavity of ascidians. See Tunicata.
enterprise ::: n. --> That which is undertaken; something attempted to be performed; a work projected which involves activity, courage, energy, and the like; a bold, arduous, or hazardous attempt; an undertaking; as, a manly enterprise; a warlike enterprise.
Willingness or eagerness to engage in labor which requires boldness, promptness, energy, and like qualities; as, a man of great enterprise.
epicleidium ::: n. --> A projection, formed by a separate ossification, at the scapular end of the clavicle of many birds.
epicondyle ::: n. --> A projection on the inner side of the distal end of the numerus; the internal condyle.
Epistemological theory of Descartes, Locke, Berkeley that the individual mind is confined to the circle of its ideas, and that it cognizes an external world and other minds only by an outward projection of its inner representations. The term was employed by Avenarius, (Kritik der reinen Erfahrung, 1888) who criticized the theory and proposed as an alternative his own theory of pure experience which emphasizes the essential solidarity between knowing subject and object known and has been introduced into English philosophy by Ward, Stout and others. -- L.W.
epitrochlea ::: n. --> A projection on the outer side of the distal end of the humerus; the external condyle.
excurrent ::: a. --> Running or flowing out
Running or extending out; as, an excurrent midrib, one which projects beyond the apex of a leaf; an excurrent steam or trunk, one which continues to the top.
Characterized by a current which flows outward; as, an excurrent orifice or tube.
executable ::: a. --> Capable of being executed; feasible; as, an executable project.
exedra ::: n. --> A room in a public building, furnished with seats.
The projection of any part of a building in a rounded form.
Any out-of-door seat in stone, large enough for several persons; esp., one of curved form.
exserted ::: a. --> Standing out; projecting beyond some other part; as, exsert stamens.
extancy ::: n. --> The state of rising above others; a projection.
Externalization: (Lat. externus, external from exter, without) The mental act by which sensory data originally considered to be internal arc projected into the external world. See Introjection. The problem of externalization was formulated by Condillac in these words: "If one admits that sensations are only modifications of the mind, how does it come about that the mind apprehends them as objects independent of and external to it." Traite de sensations, Part III. -- L.W.
extrastapedial ::: a. --> Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which, in many animals, projects beyond the connection with the stapes. ::: n. --> The extrastapedial part of columella.
exude ::: to project or display conspicuously or abundantly; radiate.
fanciful ::: a. --> Full of fancy; guided by fancy, rather than by reason and experience; whimsical; as, a fanciful man forms visionary projects.
Conceived in the fancy; not consistent with facts or reason; abounding in ideal qualities or figures; as, a fanciful scheme; a fanciful theory.
Curiously shaped or constructed; as, she wore a fanciful headdress.
fasces ::: pl. --> A bundle of rods, having among them an ax with the blade projecting, borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority.
fence ::: n. --> That which fends off attack or danger; a defense; a protection; a cover; security; shield.
An inclosure about a field or other space, or about any object; especially, an inclosing structure of wood, iron, or other material, intended to prevent intrusion from without or straying from within.
A projection on the bolt, which passes through the tumbler gates in locking and unlocking.
fetlock ::: n. --> The cushionlike projection, bearing a tuft of long hair, on the back side of the leg above the hoof of the horse and similar animals. Also, the joint of the limb at this point (between the great pastern bone and the metacarpus), or the tuft of hair.
field ::: n. --> Cleared land; land suitable for tillage or pasture; cultivated ground; the open country.
A piece of land of considerable size; esp., a piece inclosed for tillage or pasture.
A place where a battle is fought; also, the battle itself.
An open space; an extent; an expanse.
Any blank space or ground on which figures are drawn or projected.
Fi'il-i Muhammad ::: the example Muhammad (pbuh) projected in living according to Allah's wishes; Muhammad’s (pbuh) implementation of sharia
fillet ::: n. --> A little band, especially one intended to encircle the hair of the head.
A piece of lean meat without bone; sometimes, a long strip rolled together and tied.
A thin strip or ribbon; esp.: (a) A strip of metal from which coins are punched. (b) A strip of card clothing. (c) A thin projecting band or strip.
A concave filling in of a reentrant angle where two
fillip ::: v. t. --> To strike with the nail of the finger, first placed against the ball of the thumb, and forced from that position with a sudden spring; to snap with the finger.
To snap; to project quickly. ::: n. --> A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb; a
finger ::: n. --> One of the five terminating members of the hand; a digit; esp., one of the four extermities of the hand, other than the thumb.
Anything that does work of a finger; as, the pointer of a clock, watch, or other registering machine; especially (Mech.) a small projecting rod, wire, or piece, which is brought into contact with an object to effect, direct, or restrain a motion.
The breadth of a finger, or the fourth part of the hand; a measure of nearly an inch; also, the length of finger, a measure in
flanker ::: n. --> One who, or that which, flanks, as a skirmisher or a body of troops sent out upon the flanks of an army toguard a line of march, or a fort projecting so as to command the side of an assailing body. ::: v. t. --> To defend by lateral fortifications.
To attack sideways.
flare ::: v. i. --> To burn with an unsteady or waving flame; as, the candle flares.
To shine out with a sudden and unsteady light; to emit a dazzling or painfully bright light.
To shine out with gaudy colors; to flaunt; to be offensively bright or showy.
To be exposed to too much light.
To open or spread outwards; to project beyond the
foliated ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Foliate ::: a. --> Having leaves, or leaflike projections; as, a foliated shell.
Containing, or consisting of, foils; as, a foliated arch.
Characterized by being separable into thin plates or
forecast ::: v. t. --> To plan beforehand; to scheme; to project.
To foresee; to calculate beforehand, so as to provide for. ::: v. i. --> To contrive or plan beforehand.
fougasse ::: n. --> A small mine, in the form of a well sunk from the surface of the ground, charged with explosive and projectiles. It is made in a position likely to be occupied by the enemy.
Free On-line Dictionary of Computing "introduction" FOLDOC is a searchable dictionary of acronyms, jargon, programming languages, tools, architecture, operating systems, networking, theory, conventions, standards, mathematics, telecoms, electronics, institutions, companies, projects, products, history, in fact anything to do with computing. Copyright 1985 by Denis Howe Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, Front- or Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "{GNU Free Documentation License}". Please refer to the dictionary as "The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, http://foldoc.org/, Editor Denis Howe" or similar. Please make the URL both text (for humans) and a hyperlink (for Google). You can search the latest version of the dictionary at URL http://foldoc.org/. Where {LaTeX} commands for certain non-{ASCII} symbols are mentioned, they are described in their own entries. "\" is also used to represent the Greek lower-case lambda used in {lambda-calculus}. See {Pronunciation} for how to interpret the pronunciation given for some entries. Cross-references to other entries look {like this}. Note that not all cross-references actually lead anywhere yet, but if you find one that leads to something inappropriate, please let me know. Dates after entries indicate when that entry was last updated. {More about FOLDOC (about.html)}. (2018-05-22)
friend ::: n. --> One who entertains for another such sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection that he seeks his society aud welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant.
One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.
One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce,
fringe ::: n. --> An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends, twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the like.
Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a line of objects along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a margin; a
gagtooth ::: n. --> A projecting tooth.
gargoyle ::: n. --> A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely.
geranium ::: n. --> A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane&
gibbet ::: n. --> A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning.
The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended; the jib. ::: v. t.
gnomonically ::: adv. --> According to the principles of the gnomonic projection.
goggle ::: v. i. --> To roll the eyes; to stare.
A strained or affected rolling of the eye.
A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc.
Colored glasses for relief from intense light.
A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting.
graphics ::: n. --> The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.
groin ::: n. --> The snout of a swine.
The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.
The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.
The surface formed by two such vaults.
A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle.
guerite ::: n. --> A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions.
gunnery ::: n. --> That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.
gun ::: --> of Gin ::: n. --> A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is
gyropigeon ::: n. --> A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches.
hammerhead ::: n. --> A shark of the genus Sphyrna or Zygaena, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The Sphyrna zygaena is found in the North Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and balance fish.
A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.
An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called from its large blunt nozzle.
haunch ::: n. --> The hip; the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint; the hind part.
Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; as, a haunch of venison.
headland ::: n. --> A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water.
A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a fence.
hemisphere ::: n. --> A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center.
Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture.
The people who inhabit a hemisphere.
hernia ::: n. --> A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as, hernia of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also rupture.
hersillon ::: n. --> A beam with projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable.
hip ::: n. --> The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle.
The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in different directions.
In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets the top chord.
The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose
hob ::: n. --> The hub of a wheel. See Hub.
The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm.
A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.
A fairy; a sprite; an elf.
A countryman; a rustic; a clown.
holdback ::: n. --> Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.
The projection or loop on the thill of a vehicle. to which a strap of the harness is attached, to hold back a carriage when going down hill, or in backing; also, the strap or part of the harness so used.
hood moulding ::: --> A projecting molding over the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the archivolt; -- called also hood mold.
horn ::: n. --> A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and are never shed.
The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed and renewed.
Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.:
horny ::: superl. --> Having horns or hornlike projections.
Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the nature of horn.
Hard; callous.
hound ::: n. --> A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc.
A despicable person.
A houndfish.
Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and top to rest on.
howitzer ::: n. --> A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar.
A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges.
hub ::: n. --> The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of Axle box.
The hilt of a weapon.
A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the road. [U.S.] See Hubby.
A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast.
A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc.
huckle ::: n. --> The hip; the haunch.
A bunch or part projecting like the hip.
hydrocorallia ::: n. pl. --> A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. See Millepora.
hyperapophysis ::: n. --> A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra.
Impersonalistic Idealism identifies ontological reality essentially with non-conscious spiritual principle, unconscious psychic agency, pure thought, impersonal or "pure" consciousness, pure Ego, subconscious Will, impersonal logical Mind, etc. Personalistic Idealism characterizes concrete reality as personal selfhood, i.e., as possessing self-consciousness. With respect to the relation of the Absolute or World-Ground (s.) to finite selves or centers of consciousness, varying degrees of unity or separateness are posited. The extreme doctrines are radical monism and radical pluralism. Monistic Idealism (pantheistic Idealism) teaches that the finite self is a part, mode, aspect, moment, appearance or projection of the One. Pluralistic Idealism defends both the inner privacy of the finite self and its relative freedom from direct or causal dependence upon the One. With respect to Cosmology, pure idealism is either subjective or objective. Subjective Idealism (acosmism) holds that Nature is merely the projection of the finite mind, and has no external, real existence. (The term "Subjective Idealism" is also used for the view that the ontologically real consists of subjects, i.e., possessors of experience.) Objective Idealism identifies an externally real Nature with the thought or activity of the World Mind, (In Germany the term "Objective Idealism" is commonly identified with the view that finite minds are parts -- modes, moments, projections. appearances, members -- of the Absolute Mind.) Epistemological Idealism derives metaphysical idealism from the identificition of objects with ideas. In its nominalistic form the claim is made that "To be is to be perceived." From the standpoint of rationalism it is argued that there can be no Object without a Subject. Subjects, relations, sensations, and feelings are mental; and since no other type of analogy remains by which to characterize a non-mental thing-in-itself, pure idealism follows as the only possible view of Being.
impresario ::: n. --> The projector, manager, or conductor, of an opera or concert company.
infrastapedial ::: a. --> Of or pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which in many animals projects below the connection with the stapes. ::: n. --> The infrastapedial part of the columella.
In its nature and law the Overmind is a delegate of the Supermind Consciousness, its delegate to the Ignorance. Or we might speak of it as a protective double, a screen of dissimilar similarity through which Supermind can act indirectly on an Ignorance whose darkness could not bear or receive the direct impact of a supreme Light. Even, it is by the projection of this luminous Overmind corona that the diffusion of a diminished light in the Ignorance and the throwing of that contrary shadow which swallows up in itself all light, the Inconscience, became at all possible. For Supermind transmits to Overmind all its realities, but leaves it to formulate them in a movement and according to an awareness of things which is still a vision of Truth and yet at the same time a first parent of the Ignorance. A line divides Supermind and Overmind which permits a free transmission, allows the lower Power to derive from the higher Power all it holds or sees, but automatically compels a transitional change in the passage. The integrality of the Supermind keeps always the essential truth of things, the total truth and the truth of its individual self-determinations clearly knit together; it maintains in them an inseparable unity and between them a close interpenetration and a free and full consciousness of each other: but in Overmind this integrality is no longer there. And yet the Overmind is well aware of the essential Truth of things; it embraces the totality; it uses the individual self-determinations without being limited by them: but although it knows their oneness, can realise it in a spiritual cognition, yet its dynamic movement, even while relying on that for its security, is not directly determined by it. Overmind Energy proceeds through an illimitable capacity of separation and combination of the powers and aspects of the integral and indivisible all-comprehending Unity. It takes each Aspect or Power and gives to it an independent action in which it acquires a full separate importance and is able to work out, we might say, its own world of creation. Purusha and Prakriti, Conscious Soul and executive Force of Nature, are in the supramental harmony a two-aspected single truth, being and dynamis of the Reality; there can be no disequilibrium or predominance of one over the other. In Overmind we have the origin of the cleavage, the trenchant distinction made by the philosophy of the Sankhyas in which they appear as two independent entities, Prakriti able to dominate Purusha and cloud its freedom and power, reducing it to a witness and recipient of her forms and actions, Purusha able to return to its separate existence and abide in a free self-sovereignty by rejection of her original overclouding material principle. So with the other aspects or powers of the Divine Reality, One and Many, Divine Personality and Divine Impersonality, and the rest; each is still an aspect and power of the one Reality, but each is empowered to act as an independent entity in the whole, arrive at the fullness of the possibilities of its separate expression and develop the dynamic consequences of that separateness. At the same time in Overmind this separateness is still founded on the basis of an implicit underlying unity; all possibilities of combination and relation between the separated Powers and Aspects, all interchanges and mutualities of their energies are freely organised and their actuality always possible.
intermediary ::: a. --> Lying, coming, or done, between; intermediate; as, an intermediary project. ::: n. --> One who, or that which, is intermediate; an interagent; a go-between.
Introjection: (Lat. intro. within + jacere, to throw) In Epistemology, theory of the knowledge process, that objects of knowledge are represented in consciousness by images. A name given by R. Avenarius (1843-1896) to the doctrine of perception which he rejected. The doctrine of representative perception. In psychology, the ascription to material objects of some of the properties of life. More specifically, in psycho-analysis, the act of absorbing other personalities into one's own, of assuming that external events are internal. Opposite of: projection. -- J.K.F.
intuition ::: direct perception of truth, fact, etc., independent of any reasoning process. intuition"s, intuitions, half-intuition.
Sri Aurobindo: "Intuition is a power of consciousness nearer and more intimate to the original knowledge by identity; for it is always something that leaps out direct from a concealed identity. It is when the consciousness of the subject meets with the consciousness in the object, penetrates it and sees, feels or vibrates with the truth of what it contacts, that the intuition leaps out like a spark or lightning-flash from the shock of the meeting; or when the consciousness, even without any such meeting, looks into itself and feels directly and intimately the truth or the truths that are there or so contacts the hidden forces behind appearances, then also there is the outbreak of an intuitive light; or, again, when the consciousness meets the Supreme Reality or the spiritual reality of things and beings and has a contactual union with it, then the spark, the flash or the blaze of intimate truth-perception is lit in its depths. This close perception is more than sight, more than conception: it is the result of a penetrating and revealing touch which carries in it sight and conception as part of itself or as its natural consequence. A concealed or slumbering identity, not yet recovering itself, still remembers or conveys by the intuition its own contents and the intimacy of its self-feeling and self-vision of things, its light of truth, its overwhelming and automatic certitude.” *The Life Divine
"Intuition is always an edge or ray or outleap of a superior light; it is in us a projecting blade, edge or point of a far-off supermind light entering into and modified by some intermediate truth-mind substance above us and, so modified, again entering into and very much blinded by our ordinary or ignorant mind-substance; but on that higher level to which it is native its light is unmixed and therefore entirely and purely veridical, and its rays are not separated but connected or massed together in a play of waves of what might almost be called in the Sanskrit poetic figure a sea or mass of ``stable lightnings"". When this original or native Intuition begins to descend into us in answer to an ascension of our consciousness to its level or as a result of our finding of a clear way of communication with it, it may continue to come as a play of lightning-flashes, isolated or in constant action; but at this stage the judgment of reason becomes quite inapplicable, it can only act as an observer or registrar understanding or recording the more luminous intimations, judgments and discriminations of the higher power. To complete or verify an isolated intuition or discriminate its nature, its application, its limitations, the receiving consciousness must rely on another completing intuition or be able to call down a massed intuition capable of putting all in place. For once the process of the change has begun, a complete transmutation of the stuff and activities of the mind into the substance, form and power of Intuition is imperative; until then, so long as the process of consciousness depends upon the lower intelligence serving or helping out or using the intuition, the result can only be a survival of the mixed Knowledge-Ignorance uplifted or relieved by a higher light and force acting in its parts of Knowledge.” *The Life Divine
"I use the word ‘intuition" for want of a better. In truth, it is a makeshift and inadequate to the connotation demanded of it. The same has to be said of the word ‘consciousness" and many others which our poverty compels us to extend illegitimately in their significance.” *The Life Divine - Sri Aurobindo"s footnote.
"For intuition is an edge of light thrust out by the secret Supermind. . . .” The Life Divine
". . . intuition is born of a direct awareness while intellect is an indirect action of a knowledge which constructs itself with difficulty out of the unknown from signs and indications and gathered data.” The Life Divine
"Intuition is above illumined Mind which is simply higher Mind raised to a great luminosity and more open to modified forms of intuition and inspiration.” Letters on Yoga
"Intuition sees the truth of things by a direct inner contact, not like the ordinary mental intelligence by seeking and reaching out for indirect contacts through the senses etc. But the limitation of the Intuition as compared with the supermind is that it sees things by flashes, point by point, not as a whole. Also in coming into the mind it gets mixed with the mental movement and forms a kind of intuitive mind activity which is not the pure truth, but something in between the higher Truth and the mental seeking. It can lead the consciousness through a sort of transitional stage and that is practically its function.” Letters on Yoga
“Intuition is always an edge or ray or outleap of a superior light; it is in us a projecting blade, edge or point of a far-off supermind light entering into and modified by some intermediate truth-mind substance above us and, so modified, again entering into and very much blinded by our ordinary or ignorant mind-substance; but on that higher level to which it is native its light is unmixed and therefore entirely and purely veridical, and its rays are not separated but connected or massed together in a play of waves of what might almost be called in the Sanskrit poetic figure a sea or mass of ``stable lightnings’’. When this original or native Intuition begins to descend into us in answer to an ascension of our consciousness to its level or as a result of our finding of a clear way of communication with it, it may continue to come as a play of lightning-flashes, isolated or in constant action; but at this stage the judgment of reason becomes quite inapplicable, it can only act as an observer or registrar understanding or recording the more luminous intimations, judgments and discriminations of the higher power. To complete or verify an isolated intuition or discriminate its nature, its application, its limitations, the receiving consciousness must rely on another completing intuition or be able to call down a massed intuition capable of putting all in place. For once the process of the change has begun, a complete transmutation of the stuff and activities of the mind into the substance, form and power of Intuition is imperative; until then, so long as the process of consciousness depends upon the lower intelligence serving or helping out or using the intuition, the result can only be a survival of the mixed Knowledge-Ignorance uplifted or relieved by a higher light and force acting in its parts of Knowledge.” The Life Divine
Intuition is always an edge or ray or outleap of a superior light; it is in us a projecting blade, edge or point of a far-off supermind light entering into andmodified by some intermediate truth-mind substance above us and, so modified, again entering into and very much blinded by our ordinary or ignorant mind substance; but on that higher level to which it is native its light is unmixed and th
refore entirely and purely veridical, and its rays are not separated but connected or massed together in a play of waves of what might almost be called in the Sanskrit poetic figure a sea or mass of stable lightnings.
Ref: CWSA Vol. 21-22, Page: 983
inutility ::: n. --> Uselessness; the quality of being unprofitable; unprofitableness; as, the inutility of vain speculations and visionary projects.
jetty ::: a. --> Made of jet, or like jet in color. ::: n. --> A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.
A wharf or pier extending from the shore.
A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to html{color:
Jhumur: “It is the very principle of life which is a projection and emanation of the Divine Force. Wings symbolise freedom of movement joining various planes and the coming down of the Angel bringing the divine principles with her.”
jib ::: v. i. --> A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibe; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc.
The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended.
To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk.
Jodl, Friedrich: (1848-1914) His central interest was research in the field of ethics; engaged in developing a humanistic and naturalistic ethic. Made his most notable contribution in the history of ethical theories. Following the positivists Feuerbach, Comte and Mill, he projected a new religion of national culture. Main works: Gesch. der Ethik, 1906; Wissensch u. Religion, 1909; Der Monismus u.d. Kulturprobleme, 1911. -- H.H.
jutted ::: extended outward or upward beyond the limits of the main body; projected; protruded.
jutting ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Jut ::: a. --> Projecting, as corbels, cornices, etc.
jutty ::: n. --> A projection in a building; also, a pier or mole; a jetty. ::: v. t. & i. --> To project beyond.
jut ::: v. i. --> To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body; as, the jutting part of a building.
To butt. ::: n. --> That which projects or juts; a projection.
A shove; a push.
kerned ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Kern ::: a. --> Having part of the face projecting beyond the body or shank; -- said of type.
kern ::: n. --> A light-armed foot soldier of the ancient militia of Ireland and Scotland; -- distinguished from gallowglass, and often used as a term of contempt.
Any kind of boor or low-lived person.
An idler; a vagabond.
A part of the face of a type which projects beyond the body, or shank.
A churn.
keystone ::: n. --> The central or topmost stone of an arch. This in some styles is made different in size from the other voussoirs, or projects, or is decorated with carving. See Illust. of Arch.
knobbing ::: n. --> Rough dressing by knocking off knobs or projections.
knop ::: n. --> A knob; a bud; a bunch; a button.
Any boldly projecting sculptured ornament; esp., the ornamental termination of a pinnacle, and then synonymous with finial; -- called also knob, and knosp.
knurl ::: n. --> A contorted knot in wood; a crossgrained protuberance; a nodule; a boss or projection.
One who, or that which, is crossgrained. ::: v. t. --> To provide with ridges, to assist the grasp, as in the edge of a flat knob, or coin; to mill.
labiate ::: v. t. --> To labialize. ::: a. --> Having the limb of a tubular corolla or calyx divided into two unequal parts, one projecting over the other like the lips of a mouth, as in the snapdragon, sage, and catnip.
Belonging to a natural order of plants (Labiatae), of
launched ::: started (a person, project, etc.) off on a course.
launch ::: v. i. --> To throw, as a lance or dart; to hurl; to let fly.
To strike with, or as with, a lance; to pierce.
To cause to move or slide from the land into the water; to set afloat; as, to launch a ship.
To send out; to start (one) on a career; to set going; to give a start to (something); to put in operation; as, to launch a son in the world; to launch a business project or enterprise.
To move with force and swiftness like a sliding from the
ledge ::: n. --> A shelf on which articles may be laid; also, that which resembles such a shelf in form or use, as a projecting ridge or part, or a molding or edge in joinery.
A shelf, ridge, or reef, of rocks.
A layer or stratum.
A lode; a limited mass of rock bearing valuable mineral.
A piece of timber to support the deck, placed athwartship between beams.
ligule ::: n. --> The thin and scarious projection from the upper end of the sheath of a leaf of grass.
A strap-shaped corolla of flowers of Compositae.
A band of white matter in the wall of fourth ventricle of the brain.
linch ::: n. --> A ledge; a right-angled projection.
lip ::: n. --> One of the two fleshy folds which surround the orifice of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man the lips are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence, by a figure they denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself.
An edge of an opening; a thin projecting part of anything; a kind of short open spout; as, the lip of a vessel.
The sharp cutting edge on the end of an auger.
Lipps, Theodor: (1851-1914) Eminent German philosopher and psychologist. The study of optical illusions led him to his theory of empathy. Starts with the presupposition that every aesthetic object represents a living being, and calls the psychic state which we experience when we project ourselves into the life of such an object, an empathy (Einfühlung) or "fellow-feeling". He applied this principle consistently to all the arts. The empathic act is not simply kinaesthetic inference but has exclusively objective reference. Being a peculiar source of knowledge about other egos, it is a blend of inference and intuition. Main works: Psychol. Studien, 1885; Grundzüge d. Logik, 1893; Die ethische Grundfragen, 1899; Aesthetik, 2 vols., 1903-06; Philos. u. Wirklichkeit, 1908; Psychol. Untersuch., 2 vols., 1907-12. -- H.H.
lobe ::: n. --> Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat rounded form
A rounded projection or division of a leaf.
A membranous flap on the sides of the toes of certain birds, as the coot.
A round projecting part of an organ, as of the liver, lungs, brain, etc. See Illust. of Brain.
The projecting part of a cam wheel or of a non-circular gear
lotus ::: any aquatic plant of the genus Nelumbo, of the water lily family, having shieldlike leaves and showy, solitary flowers usually projecting above the water. lotuses, lotus-bud, lotus-cup, lotus-heart, lotus-leaf, lotus-pools, lotus-throne.
lug ::: n. --> The ear, or its lobe.
That which projects like an ear, esp. that by which anything is supported, carried, or grasped, or to which a support is fastened; an ear; as, the lugs of a kettle; the lugs of a founder&
lump ::: n. --> A small mass of matter of irregular shape; an irregular or shapeless mass; as, a lump of coal; a lump of iron ore.
A mass or aggregation of things.
A projection beneath the breech end of a gun barrel. ::: v. i. --> To throw into a mass; to unite in a body or sum without
lyrie ::: n. --> A European fish (Peristethus cataphractum), having the body covered with bony plates, and having three spines projecting in front of the nose; -- called also noble, pluck, pogge, sea poacher, and armed bullhead.
machicolation ::: n. --> An opening between the corbels which support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, shooting or dropping missiles upen assailants attacking the base of the walls. Also, the construction of such defenses, in general, when of this character. See Illusts. of Battlement and Castle.
The act of discharging missiles or pouring burning or melted substances upon assailants through such apertures.
Madhav: “… the perfect beings—the archetypes that project themselves in the form of Ideals on the mental horizons of man….” Readings in Savitri Vol. I.
malleolus ::: n. --> A projection at the distal end of each bone of the leg at the ankle joint. The malleolus of the tibia is the internal projection, that of the fibula the external.
" A layer, " a shoot partly buried in the ground, and there cut halfway through.
manufacturing ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Manufacture ::: a. --> Employed, or chiefly employed, in manufacture; as, a manufacturing community; a manufacturing town.
Pertaining to manufacture; as, manufacturing projects.
maya. ::: "that which is not"; "that which does not exist"; the superimposition without beginning; the illusion; the illusive power of Brahman that makes the false appearance of the unreal world appear to be real; illusory creation; the veiling and the projecting power of the universe; time and space; doubt; the sense-world of manifold phenomena which conceals the unity of absolute being &
mesognathous ::: a. --> Having the jaws slightly projecting; between prognathous and orthognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.
metacromion ::: n. --> A process projecting backward and downward from the acromion of the scapula of some mammals.
metapophysis ::: n. --> A tubercle projecting from the anterior articular processes of some vertebr/; a mammillary process.
minaret ::: n. --> A slender, lofty tower attached to a mosque and surrounded by one or more projecting balconies, from which the summon to prayer is cried by the muezzin.
minaret (s) ::: a tall slender tower attached to a mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a muezzin summons the people to prayer.
mind ::: Sri Aurobindo: "The ‘Mind" in the ordinary use of the word covers indiscriminately the whole consciousness, for man is a mental being and mentalises everything; but in the language of this yoga the words ‘mind" and ‘mental" are used to connote specially the part of the nature which has to do with cognition and intelligence, with ideas, with mental or thought perceptions, the reactions of thought to things, with the truly mental movements and formations, mental vision and will, etc., that are part of his intelligence.” *Letters on Yoga
"Mind in its essence is a consciousness which measures, limits, cuts out forms of things from the indivisible whole and contains them as if each were a separate integer.” The Life Divine
"Mind is an instrument of analysis and synthesis, but not of essential knowledge. Its function is to cut out something vaguely from the unknown Thing in itself and call this measurement or delimitation of it the whole, and again to analyse the whole into its parts which it regards as separate mental objects.” The Life Divine
"The mind proper is divided into three parts — thinking Mind, dynamic Mind, externalising Mind — the former concerned with ideas and knowledge in their own right, the second with the putting out of mental forces for realisation of the idea, the third with the expression of them in life (not only by speech, but by any form it can give).” Letters on Yoga
"The difference between the ordinary mind and the intuitive is that the former, seeking in the darkness or at most by its own unsteady torchlight, first, sees things only as they are presented in that light and, secondly, where it does not know, constructs by imagination, by uncertain inference, by others of its aids and makeshifts things which it readily takes for truth, shadow projections, cloud edifices, unreal prolongations, deceptive anticipations, possibilities and probabilities which do duty for certitudes. The intuitive mind constructs nothing in this artificial fashion, but makes itself a receiver of the light and allows the truth to manifest in it and organise its own constructions.” The Synthesis of Yoga
"He [man] has in him not a single mentality, but a double and a triple, the mind material and nervous, the pure intellectual mind which liberates itself from the illusions of the body and the senses, and a divine mind above intellect which in its turn liberates itself from the imperfect modes of the logically discriminative and imaginative reason.” The Synthesis of Yoga
"Our mind is an observer of actuals, an inventor or discoverer of possibilities, but not a seer of the occult imperatives that necessitate the movements and forms of a creation. . . .” *The Life Divine
"The human mind is an instrument not of truth but of ignorance and error.” Letters on Yoga
"For Mind as we know it is a power of the Ignorance seeking for Truth, groping with difficulty to find it, reaching only mental constructions and representations of it in word and idea, in mind formations, sense formations, — as if bright or shadowy photographs or films of a distant Reality were all that it could achieve.” The Life Divine
The Mother: "The true role of the mind is the formation and organization of action. The mind has a formative and organizing power, and it is that which puts the different elements of inspiration in order for action, for organizing action. And if it would only confine itself to that role, receiving inspirations — whether from above or from the mystic centre of the soul — and simply formulating the plan of action — in broad outline or in minute detail, for the smallest things of life or the great terrestrial organizations — it would amply fulfil its function. It is not an instrument of knowledge. But is can use knowledge for action, to organize action. It is an instrument of organization and formation, very powerful and very capable when it is well developed.” Questions and Answers 1956, MCW Vol. 8.*
mirage ::: n. --> An optical effect, sometimes seen on the ocean, but more frequently in deserts, due to total reflection of light at the surface common to two strata of air differently heated. The reflected image is seen, commonly in an inverted position, while the real object may or may not be in sight. When the surface is horizontal, and below the eye, the appearance is that of a sheet of water in which the object is seen reflected; when the reflecting surface is above the eye, the image is seen projected against the sky. The fata Morgana and looming are
miserere ::: n. --> The psalm usually appointed for penitential acts, being the 50th psalm in the Latin version. It commences with the word miserere.
A musical composition adapted to the 50th psalm.
A small projecting boss or bracket, on the under side of the hinged seat of a church stall (see Stall). It was intended, the seat being turned up, to give some support to a worshiper when standing. Called also misericordia.
missile ::: a. --> Capable of being thrown; adapted for hurling or to be projected from the hand, or from any instrument or rngine, so as to strike an object at a distance. ::: n. --> A weapon thrown or projected or intended to be projcted, as a lance, an arrow, or a bullet.
module ::: n. --> A model or measure.
The size of some one part, as the diameter of semi-diameter of the base of a shaft, taken as a unit of measure by which the proportions of the other parts of the composition are regulated. Generally, for columns, the semi-diameter is taken, and divided into a certain number of parts, called minutes (see Minute), though often the diameter is taken, and any dimension is said to be so many modules and minutes in height, breadth, or projection.
mutule ::: n. --> A projecting block worked under the corona of the Doric corice, in the same situation as the modillion of the Corinthian and Composite orders. See Illust. of Gutta.
muzzle ::: the forward, projecting part of the head of certain animals, such as dogs, including the mouth, nose, and jaws; the snout.
muzzle ::: v. i. --> The projecting mouth and nose of a quadruped, as of a horse; a snout.
The mouth of a thing; the end for entrance or discharge; as, the muzzle of a gun.
A fastening or covering (as a band or cage) for the mouth of an animal, to prevent eating or vicious biting.
To bring the mouth or muzzle near.
narwhal ::: n. --> An arctic cetacean (Monodon monocerous), about twenty feet long. The male usually has one long, twisted, pointed canine tooth, or tusk projecting forward from the upper jaw like a horn, whence it is called also sea unicorn, unicorn fish, and unicorn whale. Sometimes two horns are developed, side by side.
neck ::: n. --> The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.
Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal
The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd.
A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or
nib ::: n. --> A small and pointed thing or part; a point; a prong.
The bill or beak of a bird; the neb.
The points of a pen; also, the pointed part of a pen; a short pen adapted for insertion in a holder.
One of the handles which project from a scythe snath; also, [Prov. Eng.], the shaft of a wagon. ::: v. t.
nicker ::: v. t. --> One of the night brawlers of London formerly noted for breaking windows with half-pence.
The cutting lip which projects downward at the edge of a boring bit and cuts a circular groove in the wood to limit the size of the hole that is bored.
nipple ::: n. --> The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the breast or mamma; the mammilla; a teat; a pap.
The orifice at which any animal liquid, as the oil from an oil bag, is discharged.
Any small projection or article in which there is an orifice for discharging a fluid, or for other purposes; as, the nipple of a nursing bottle; the nipple of a percussion lock, or that part on which the cap is put and through which the fire passes to the charge.
nose ::: n. --> The prominent part of the face or anterior extremity of the head containing the nostrils and olfactory cavities; the olfactory organ. See Nostril, and Olfactory organ under Olfactory.
The power of smelling; hence, scent.
A projecting end or beak at the front of an object; a snout; a nozzle; a spout; as, the nose of a bellows; the nose of a teakettle. ::: v. t.
nosing ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Nose ::: n. --> That part of the treadboard of a stair which projects over the riser; hence, any like projection, as the projecting edge of a molding.
nozzle ::: n. --> The nose; the snout; hence, the projecting vent of anything; as, the nozzle of a bellows.
A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or pipe.
A short outlet, or inlet, pipe projecting from the end or side of a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler.
olecranon ::: n. --> The large process at the proximal end of the ulna which projects behind the articulation with the humerus and forms the bony prominence of the elbow.
omosternum ::: n. --> The anterior element of the sternum which projects forward from between the clavicles in many batrachians and is usually tipped with cartilage.
In many mammals, an interarticular cartilage, or bone, between the sternum and the clavicle.
One may say that these are projections of the Jivatman put there to uphold Prakriti on the various levels of the being. The Upa- nishad speaks also of a Supramental and a Bliss Purusha, and if the Supramental and the Bliss Nature were organised in the evolution on earth, we could become aware of them upholding the movements here.
orillon ::: n. --> A semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, -- found in old fortresses.
orthographically ::: adv. --> In an orthographical manner
according to the rules of proper spelling
according to orthographic projection.
orthography ::: n. --> The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.
The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.
A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.
outjet ::: n. --> That which jets out or projects from anything.
outrigger ::: n. --> Any spar or projecting timber run out for temporary use, as from a ship&
outstand ::: v. i. --> To stand out, or project, from a surface or mass; hence, to remain standing out. ::: v. t. --> To resist effectually; to withstand; to sustain without yielding.
To stay beyond.
overhang ::: v. t. --> To impend or hang over.
To hang over; to jut or project over. ::: v. i. --> To jut over. ::: n.
overwhelm ::: v. t. --> To cover over completely, as by a great wave; to overflow and bury beneath; to ingulf; hence, figuratively, to immerse and bear down; to overpower; to crush; to bury; to oppress, etc., overpoweringly.
To project or impend over threateningly.
To cause to surround, to cover. ::: n.
palanquin ::: n. --> An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person from place to place.
palate ::: n. --> The roof of the mouth.
Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste.
Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste.
A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon. ::: v. t.
papilla ::: n. --> Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the papillae of the tongue.
passegarde ::: n. --> A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor.
pecten ::: n. --> A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in many reptiles and fishes; -- also called marsupium.
The pubic bone.
Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten, and numerous allied genera (family Pectinidae); a scallop. See Scallop.
The comb of a scorpion. See Comb, 4 (b).
pendent ::: a. --> Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf.
Jutting over; projecting; overhanging.
perfoliate ::: a. --> Having the basal part produced around the stem; -- said of leaves which the stem apparently passes directory through.
Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any kind.
persevere ::: v. i. --> To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken.
phenakistoscope ::: n. --> A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.
pier ::: n. --> Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings.
Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress.
A projecting wharf or landing place.
pig-jawed ::: a. --> Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of dogs.
pilaster ::: n. --> An upright architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.
piper ::: n. --> See Pepper.
One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe.
A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines.
A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very long spines, native of both the American and European coasts.
plan ::: a. --> A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.
A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the plan of an expedition.
A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
PLANES. ::: If we regard the gmdatton of worlds or planes as a whole, we see them as a great connected complex move- ment ; the higher precipitate their influences on the lower, the lotver react to the higher and develop or manifest in themselves within their own formula something that corresponds to the superior power and its action. The material world has evolved life in obedience to a pressure from the vital plane, mind in obedience to a pressure from the mental plane. It is now trying to evolve supermind in obedica^ to a pressure from the supra- mental plane. In more detail, particular forces, movements, powers, beings of a higher world can throw themselves on the lower to establish appropriate and corresponding forms which will connect them with the material domain and, as it were, reproduce or project their action here. And each thing created here has, supporting it, subtler envelopes or forms of itself which make it subsist and connect it with forces acting from above. Man, for instance, has, besides his gross physical body, subtler sheaths or bodies by which he lives behind the s’eil in direct connection with suprapbysical planes of consciousness and can be influenced by their powers, movements and beings. What takes place in life has always behind it pie-existeni movements and forms in the occult vital planes ; what takes place in mind presupposes prc-cxistcnt movements and forms in the occult mental planes. That is an aspect of things which becomes more and more evident, insistent and important, the more we progress in a dynamic yoga.
planner ::: n. --> One who plans; a projector.
planted ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Plant ::: a. --> Fixed in place, as a projecting member wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted molding.
platband ::: n. --> A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence, a border.
A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave.
A list or fillet between the flutings of a column.
point-blank ::: n. --> The white spot on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is aimed.
With all small arms, the second point in which the natural line of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory.
With artillery, the point where the