TERMS STARTING WITH
TERMS ANYWHERE
16-bit application "operating system" Software for {MS-DOS} or {Microsoft Windows} which originally ran on the 16-bit {Intel 8088} and {80286} {microprocessors}. These used a {segmented address space} to extend the range of addresses from what is possible with just a 16-bit address. Programs with more than 64 kilobytes of code or data therefore had to waste time switching between {segments}. Furthermore, programming with segments is more involved than programming in a {flat address space}, giving rise to {warts} like {memory models} in {C} and {C++}. Compare {32-bit application}. (1996-04-06)
32-bit application "architecture, operating system" {IBM PC} software that runs in a 32-bit {flat address space}. The term {32-bit application} came about because {MS-DOS} and {Microsoft Windows} were originally written for the {Intel 8088} and {80286} {microprocessors}. These are {16 bit} microprocessors with a {segmented address space}. Programs with more than 64 kilobytes of code and/or data therefore had to switch between {segments} quite frequently. As this operation is quite time consuming in comparison to other machine operations, the application's performance may suffer. Furthermore, programming with segments is more involved than programming in a flat address space, giving rise to some complications in programming languages like "{memory models}" in {C} and {C++}. The shift from 16-bit software to 32-bit software on {IBM PC} {clones} became possible with the introduction of the {Intel 80386} microprocessor. This microprocessor and its successors support a segmented address space with 16-bit and 32 bit segments (more precisely: segments with 16- or 32-bit address offset) or a linear 32-bit address space. For compatibility reasons, however, much of the software is nevertheless written in 16-bit models. {Operating systems} like {Microsoft Windows} or {OS/2} provide the possibility to run 16-bit (segmented) programs as well as 32-bit programs. The former possibility exists for {backward compatibility} and the latter is usually meant to be used for new software development. See also {Win32s}. (1995-12-11)
6.001 "education" /siks dub*l oh wun/, /dub*l oh wun/ or rarely /siks dub*l oh fun/ {MIT}'s introductory computer class for majors, known for its intensity. Developed by {Gerald Sussman} and {Hal Abelson}, the course is taught in {Scheme} and introduces {recursion}, {higher-order functions}, {object-oriented programming} and much more. Students who grasp the {meta}circular {interpreter} gain entry into the {Knights of the Lambda-Calculus}. 6.001 has been exported to several other colleges, sometimes successfully. The textbook, "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs", written with Julie Sussman is a classic that can be found on the shelves of many computer scientists, whether they took the course or not. Legendary characters from the class, problem sets, and book include the wise Alyssa P. Hacker, Ben Bitdiddle, Lem E. Tweakit and Eva Lu Ator, the careless Louis Reasoner and {Captain Abstraction}. (1994-11-22)
aard "programming, tool" (Dutch for "earth") A tool to check memory use for {C++} programs, written by Steve Reiss "spr@cs.brown.edu" (who names his programs after living systems). Aard tracks the state of each byte of memory in the {heap} and the {stack}. The state can be one of Undefined, Uninitialised, Free or Set. The program can detect invalid transitions (i.e. attempting to set or use undefined or free storage or attempting to access uninitialised storage). In addition, the program keeps track of heap use through {malloc} and {free} and at the end of the run reports memory blocks that were not freed and that are not accessible (i.e. {memory leaks}). The tools works using a spliced-in {shared library} on {SPARCs} running {C++} 3.0.1 under {SunOS} 4.X. {(ftp://wilma.cs.brown.edu/pub/aard.tar.Z)}. (1998-03-03)
aard ::: (programming, tool) (Dutch for earth) A tool to check memory use for C++ programs, written by Steve Reiss (who names his programs after living systems).Aard tracks the state of each byte of memory in the heap and the stack. The state can be one of Undefined, Uninitialised, Free or Set. The program can detect invalid transitions (i.e. attempting to set or use undefined or free storage or attempting to access uninitialised storage).In addition, the program keeps track of heap use through malloc and free and at the end of the run reports memory blocks that were not freed and that are not accessible (i.e. memory leaks).The tools works using a spliced-in shared library on SPARCs running C++ 3.0.1 under SunOS 4.X. . (1998-03-03)
ABC 1. "computer" {Atanasoff-Berry Computer}. 2. "language" An {imperative language} and programming environment from {CWI}, Netherlands. It is interactive, structured, high-level, and easy to learn and use. It is a general-purpose language which you might use instead of {BASIC}, {Pascal} or {AWK}. It is not a systems-programming language but is good for teaching or prototyping. ABC has only five data types that can easily be combined; {strong typing}, yet without declarations; data limited only by memory; refinements to support top-down programming; nesting by indentation. Programs are typically around a quarter the size of the equivalent {Pascal} or {C} program, and more readable. ABC includes a programming environment with {syntax-directed} editing, {suggestions}, {persistent variables} and multiple workspaces and {infinite precision} arithmetic. An example function words to collect the set of all words in a document: HOW TO RETURN words document: PUT {} IN collection FOR line in document: FOR word IN split line: IF word not.in collection: INSERT word IN collection RETURN collection {Interpreter}/{compiler}, version 1.04.01, by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens, Steven Pemberton "Steven.Pemberton@cwi.nl". ABC has been ported to {Unix}, {MS-DOS}, {Atari}, {Macintosh}. {(http://cwi.nl/cwi/projects/abc.html)}. {FTP eu.net (ftp://ftp.eu.net/programming/languages/abc)}, {FTP nluug.nl (ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/programming/languages/abc)}, {FTP uunet (ftp://ftp.uu.net/languages/abc)}. Mailing list: "abc-list-request@cwi.nl". E-mail: "abc@cwi.nl". ["The ABC Programmer's Handbook" by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens and Steven Pemberton, published by Prentice-Hall (ISBN 0-13-000027-2)]. ["An Alternative Simple Language and Environment for PCs" by Steven Pemberton, IEEE Software, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1987, pp. 56-64.] (1995-02-09) 2. "language" Argument, Basic value, C?. An {abstract machine} for implementation of {functional languages} and its intermediate code. [P. Koopman, "Functional Programs as Executable Specifications", 1990]. (1995-02-09)
ABC ::: 1. (computer) Atanasoff-Berry Computer.2. (language) An imperative language and programming environment from CWI, Netherlands. It is interactive, structured, high-level, and easy to learn Pascal or AWK. It is not a systems-programming language but is good for teaching or prototyping.ABC has only five data types that can easily be combined; strong typing, yet without declarations; data limited only by memory; refinements to support top-down programming; nesting by indentation. Programs are typically around a quarter the size of the equivalent Pascal or C program, and more readable.ABC includes a programming environment with syntax-directed editing, suggestions, persistent variables and multiple workspaces and infinite precision arithmetic.An example function words to collect the set of all words in a document: HOW TO RETURN words document:PUT {} IN collection ABC has been ported to Unix, MS-DOS, Atari, Macintosh. . , , .Mailing list: .E-mail: .[The ABC Programmer's Handbook by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens and Steven Pemberton, published by Prentice-Hall (ISBN 0-13-000027-2)].[An Alternative Simple Language and Environment for PCs by Steven Pemberton, IEEE Software, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1987, pp. 56-64.] (1995-02-09)2. (language) Argument, Basic value, C?.An abstract machine for implementation of functional languages and its intermediate code.[P. Koopman, Functional Programs as Executable Specifications, 1990]. (1995-02-09)
abstract interpretation "theory" A partial execution of a program which gains information about its {semantics} (e.g. control structure, flow of information) without performing all the calculations. Abstract interpretation is typically used by compilers to analyse programs in order to decide whether certain optimisations or transformations are applicable. The objects manipulated by the program (typically values and functions) are represented by points in some {domain}. Each abstract domain point represents some set of real ("{concrete}") values. For example, we may take the abstract points "+", "0" and "-" to represent positive, zero and negative numbers and then define an abstract version of the multiplication operator, *
abstract interpretation ::: (theory) A partial execution of a program which gains information about its semantics (e.g. control structure, flow of information) without performing analyse programs in order to decide whether certain optimisations or transformations are applicable.The objects manipulated by the program (typically values and functions) are represented by points in some domain. Each abstract domain point represents some set of real (concrete) values.For example, we may take the abstract points +, 0 and - to represent positive, zero and negative numbers and then define an abstract version of the multiplication operator, *
abstract syntax "language, data" A form of representation of data that is independent of machine-oriented structures and encodings and also of the physical representation of the data. Abstract syntax is used to give a high-level description of programs being compiled or messages passing over a communications link. A {compiler}'s internal representation of a program will typically be an {abstract syntax tree}. The abstract syntax specifies the tree's structure is specified in terms of categories such as "statement", "expression" and "{identifier}". This is independent of the source syntax ({concrete syntax}) of the language being compiled (though it will often be very similar). A {parse tree} is similar to an abstract syntax tree but it will typically also contain features such as parentheses which are syntactically significant but which are implicit in the structure of the {abstract syntax tree}. (1998-05-26)
Abstract Syntax Notation 1 "language, standard, protocol" (ASN.1, X.208, X.680) An {ISO}/{ITU-T} {standard} for transmitting structured {data} on {networks}, originally defined in 1984 as part of {CCITT X.409} '84. ASN.1 moved to its own standard, X.208, in 1988 due to wide applicability. The substantially revised 1995 version is covered by the X.680 series. ASN.1 defines the {abstract syntax} of {information} but does not restrict the way the information is encoded. Various ASN.1 encoding rules provide the {transfer syntax} (a {concrete} representation) of the data values whose {abstract syntax} is described in ASN.1. The standard ASN.1 encoding rules include {BER} (Basic Encoding Rules - X.209), {CER} (Canonical Encoding Rules), {DER} (Distinguished Encoding Rules) and {PER} (Packed Encoding Rules). ASN.1 together with specific ASN.1 encoding rules facilitates the exchange of structured data especially between {application programs} over networks by describing data structures in a way that is independent of machine architecture and implementation language. {OSI} {Application layer} {protocols} such as {X.400} {MHS} {electronic mail}, {X.500} directory services and {SNMP} use ASN.1 to describe the {PDU}s they exchange. Documents describing the ASN.1 notations: {ITU-T} Rec. X.680, {ISO} 8824-1; {ITU-T} Rec. X.681, {ISO} 8824-2; {ITU-T} Rec. X.682, {ISO} 8824-3; {ITU-T} Rec. X.683, {ISO} 8824-4 Documents describing the ASN.1 encoding rules: {ITU-T} Rec. X.690, {ISO} 8825-1; {ITU-T} Rec. X.691, {ISO} 8825-2. [M. Sample et al, "Implementing Efficient Encoders and Decoders for Network Data Representations", IEEE Infocom 93 Proc, v.3, pp. 1143-1153, Mar 1993. Available from Logica, UK]. See also {snacc}. (2005-07-03)
Abstract Syntax Notation 1 ::: (language, standard, protocol) (ASN.1, X.208, X.680) An ISO/ITU-T standard for transmitting structured data on networks, originally defined in due to wide applicability. The substantially revised 1995 version is covered by the X.680 series.ASN.1 defines the abstract syntax of information but does not restrict the way the information is encoded. Various ASN.1 encoding rules provide the transfer Encoding Rules - X.209), CER (Canonical Encoding Rules), DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules) and PER (Packed Encoding Rules).ASN.1 together with specific ASN.1 encoding rules facilitates the exchange of structured data especially between application programs over networks by describing data structures in a way that is independent of machine architecture and implementation language.OSI Application layer protocols such as X.400 MHS electronic mail, X.500 directory services and SNMP use ASN.1 to describe the PDUs they exchange.Documents describing the ASN.1 notations: ITU-T Rec. X.680, ISO 8824-1; ITU-T Rec. X.681, ISO 8824-2; ITU-T Rec. X.682, ISO 8824-3; ITU-T Rec. X.683, ISO 8824-4Documents describing the ASN.1 encoding rules: ITU-T Rec. X.690, ISO 8825-1; ITU-T Rec. X.691, ISO 8825-2.[M. Sample et al, Implementing Efficient Encoders and Decoders for Network Data Representations, IEEE Infocom 93 Proc, v.3, pp. 1143-1153, Mar 1993. Available from Logica, UK].See also snacc.(2005-07-03)
Ada "language" (After {Ada Lovelace}) A {Pascal}-descended language, designed by Jean Ichbiah's team at {CII Honeywell} in 1979, made mandatory for Department of Defense software projects by the Pentagon. The original language was standardised as "Ada 83", the latest is "{Ada 95}". Ada is a large, complex, {block-structured} language aimed primarily at {embedded} applications. It has facilities for {real-time} response, {concurrency}, hardware access and reliable run-time error handling. In support of large-scale {software engineering}, it emphasises {strong typing}, {data abstraction} and {encapsulation}. The type system uses {name equivalence} and includes both {subtypes} and {derived types}. Both fixed and {floating-point} numerical types are supported. {Control flow} is fully bracketed: if-then-elsif-end if, case-is-when-end case, loop-exit-end loop, goto. Subprogram parameters are in, out, or inout. Variables imported from other packages may be hidden or directly visible. Operators may be {overloaded} and so may {enumeration} literals. There are user-defined {exceptions} and {exception handlers}. An Ada program consists of a set of packages encapsulating data objects and their related operations. A package has a separately compilable body and interface. Ada permits {generic packages} and subroutines, possibly parametrised. Ada support {single inheritance}, using "tagged types" which are types that can be extended via {inheritance}. Ada programming places a heavy emphasis on {multitasking}. Tasks are synchronised by the {rendezvous}, in which a task waits for one of its subroutines to be executed by another. The conditional entry makes it possible for a task to test whether an entry is ready. The selective wait waits for either of two entries or waits for a limited time. Ada is often criticised, especially for its size and complexity, and this is attributed to its having been designed by committee. In fact, both Ada 83 and Ada 95 were designed by small design teams to be internally consistent and tightly integrated. By contrast, two possible competitors, {Fortran 90} and {C++} have both become products designed by large and disparate volunteer committees. See also {Ada/Ed}, {Toy/Ada}. {Home of the Brave Ada Programmers (http://lglwww.epfl.ch/Ada/)}. {Ada FAQs (http://lglwww.epfl.ch/Ada/FAQ/)} (hypertext), {text only (ftp://lglftp.epfl.ch/pub/Ada/FAQ)}. {(http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/languages/ada/)}, {(ftp://ajpo.sei.cmu.edu/)}, {(ftp://stars.rosslyn.unisys.com/pub/ACE_8.0)}. E-mail: "adainfo@ajpo.sei.cmu.edu". {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.ada}. {An Ada grammar (ftp://primost.cs.wisc.edu/)} including a lex scanner and yacc parser is available. E-mail: "masticol@dumas.rutgers.edu". {Another yacc grammar and parser for Ada by Herman Fischer (ftp://wsmr-simtel20.army.mil/PD2:"ADA.EXTERNAL-TOOLS"GRAM2.SRC)}. An {LR parser} and {pretty-printer} for {Ada} from NASA is available from the {Ada Software Repository}. {Adamakegen} generates {makefiles} for {Ada} programs. ["Reference Manual for the Ada Programming Language", ANSI/MIL STD 1815A, US DoD (Jan 1983)]. Earlier draft versions appeared in July 1980 and July 1982. ISO 1987. [{Jargon File}] (2000-08-12)
Ada ::: (language) (After Ada Lovelace) A Pascal-descended language, designed by Jean Ichbiah's team at CII Honeywell in 1979, made mandatory for Department of Defense software projects by the Pentagon. The original language was standardised as Ada 83, the latest is Ada 95.Ada is a large, complex, block-structured language aimed primarily at embedded applications. It has facilities for real-time response, concurrency, hardware The type system uses name equivalence and includes both subtypes and derived types. Both fixed and floating-point numerical types are supported.Control flow is fully bracketed: if-then-elsif-end if, case-is-when-end case, loop-exit-end loop, goto. Subprogram parameters are in, out, or inout. Variables overloaded and so may enumeration literals. There are user-defined exceptions and exception handlers.An Ada program consists of a set of packages encapsulating data objects and their related operations. A package has a separately compilable body and interface. Ada permits generic packages and subroutines, possibly parametrised.Ada support single inheritance, using tagged types which are types that can be extended via inheritance.Ada programming places a heavy emphasis on multitasking. Tasks are synchronised by the rendezvous, in which a task waits for one of its subroutines to be whether an entry is ready. The selective wait waits for either of two entries or waits for a limited time.Ada is often criticised, especially for its size and complexity, and this is attributed to its having been designed by committee. In fact, both Ada 83 and tightly integrated. By contrast, two possible competitors, Fortran 90 and C++ have both become products designed by large and disparate volunteer committees.See also Ada/Ed, Toy/Ada. . , , .E-mail: .Usenet newsgroup: comp.lang.ada. including a lex scanner and yacc parser is available. E-mail: . .An LR parser and pretty-printer for Ada from NASA is available from the Ada Software Repository.Adamakegen generates makefiles for Ada programs.[Reference Manual for the Ada Programming Language, ANSI/MIL STD 1815A, US DoD (Jan 1983)]. Earlier draft versions appeared in July 1980 and July 1982. ISO 1987.[Jargon File](2000-08-12)
Adamakegen ::: (tool) A program that generates makefiles for Ada programs. Adamakegen was written by Owen O'Malley . It requires Icon and runs under Verdix and SunAda.Current version: 2.6.3, as of 1993-03-02. .(2004-08-21)
Adamakegen "tool" A program that generates {makefiles} for {Ada} programs. Adamakegen was written by Owen O'Malley "owen@schwartz-omalley.com". It requires {Icon} and runs under {Verdix} and {SunAda}. {Adamakegen Home (http://schwartz-omalley.com/people/owen/tools/adamakegen.html)}. (2004-08-21)
Ada Programming Support Environment "tool, project" (APSE) A program or set of programs to support software development in the Ada language. [Examples?] (1997-06-30)
Ada Programming Support Environment ::: (tool, project) (APSE) A program or set of programs to support software development in the Ada language.[Examples?] (1997-06-30)
adaptive learning "algorithm" (Or "{Hebbian} learning") Learning where a system programs itself by adjusting weights or strengths until it produces the desired output. (1995-03-16)
adaptive learning ::: (algorithm) (Or Hebbian learning) Learning where a system programs itself by adjusting weights or strengths until it produces the desired output. (1995-03-16)
Adaptive Server Enterprise "database" (ASE) The {relational database management system} that started life in the mid-eighties [first release?] as "Sybase SQL Server". For a number of years {Microsoft} was a Sybase distributor, reselling the Sybase product for {OS/2} and (later) {Windows NT} under the name "Microsoft SQL Server". Around 1994, Microsoft basically bought a copy of the {source code} of Sybase SQL Server and then went its own way. As competitors, Sybase and Microsoft have been developing their products independently ever since. Microsoft has mostly emphasised ease-of-use and "Window-ising" the product, while Sybase has focused on maximising performance and reliability, and running on high-end hardware. When releasing version 11.5 in 1997, Sybase renamed its product to "ASE" to better distinguish its database from Microsoft's. Both ASE and MS SQL Server call their query language "Transact-SQL" and they are very similar. Sybase SQL Server was the first true {client-server} RDBMS which was also capable of handling real-world workloads. In contrast, other DBMSs have long been monolithic programs; for example, {Oracle} only "bolted on" client-server functionality in the mid-nineties. Also, Sybase SQL Server was the first commercially successful RDBMS supporting {stored procedures} and {triggers}, and a cost-based {query optimizer}. As with many other technology-driven competitors of Microsoft, Sybase has lost market share to MS's superior marketing, though many consider it has the superior system. {(http://sypron.nl/whatis_ase.html)}. (2003-07-02)
Adaptor ::: (tool) (Automatic DAta Parallelism TranslatOR) A source to source transformation tool that transforms data parallel programs written in Fortran 77 node programs with message passing. The new generated source codes have to be compiled by the compiler of the parallel computer.Version 1.0 runs on CM-5, iPCS/860, Meiko CS1/CS2, KSR 1, SGI, Alliant or a network of Suns or RS/6000s. .[Connection with Thomas Brandes and GMD?] (1993-06-01)
Adaptor "tool" (Automatic DAta Parallelism TranslatOR) A source to source transformation tool that transforms {data parallel} programs written in {Fortran 77} with {array} extensions, parallel loops, and layout directives to parallel programs with explicit {message passing}. ADAPTOR generates {Fortran 77} host and node programs with message passing. The new generated source codes have to be compiled by the compiler of the parallel computer. Version 1.0 runs on {CM-5}, {iPCS/860}, {Meiko CS1}/CS2, {KSR 1}, {SGI}, {Alliant} or a network of {Suns} or {RS/6000s}. {(ftp://ftp.gmd.de/gmd/adaptor/adp_1.0.tar.Z)}. [Connection with Thomas Brandes and GMD?] (1993-06-01)
Ada Software Repository ::: (language) A collection of Ada programs? . (1995-01-06)
Ada Software Repository "language" A collection of {Ada} programs? {(http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/languages/ada/asr/)}. (1995-01-06)
A Data Management System "software, tool" (ADAM) A suite of software tools intended to assist in the design and testing of military information processing systems. ADAM was developed by the {MITRE Corporation} in 1966. It consisted of 53 different programs which ran on an {IBM 7030} (STRETCH). It was targetted at systems that had to cope with large volumes of data with complex relationships with rapid response and increasing requirements. ADAM was part of the {Information Systems Tools and Software Techniques} project. [{"Evaluation of ADAM An Advanced Data Management System", R.A.J. Gildea, Aug 1967. (http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/661273.pdf)}]. (2015-08-14)
address ::: 1. (networking) e-mail address.2. (networking) Internet address.3. (networking) MAC address.4. (storage, programming) An unsigned integer used to select one fundamental element of storage, usually known as a word from a computer's main which may be connected to an address decoder, cache controller, memory management unit, and other devices.While from a hardware point of view an address is indeed an integer most strongly typed programming languages disallow mixing integers and addresses, and salt: the compiler could work without it but makes writing bad programs more difficult. (1997-07-01)
address 1. "networking" {e-mail address}. 2. "networking" {IP address}. 3. "networking" {MAC address}. 4. "storage, programming" An unsigned integer used to select one fundamental element of storage, usually known as a {word} from a computer's {main memory} or other storage device. The {CPU} outputs addresses on its {address bus} which may be connected to an {address decoder}, {cache controller}, {memory management unit}, and other devices. While from a hardware point of view an address is indeed an integer most {strongly typed} programming languages disallow mixing integers and addresses, and indeed addresses of different data types. This is a fine example for {syntactic salt}: the compiler could work without it but makes writing bad programs more difficult. (1997-07-01)
ad-hockery ::: (jargon) /ad-hok'*r-ee/ (Purdue) 1. Gratuitous assumptions made inside certain programs, especially expert systems, which lead to the appearance of fuzzy-matching of input tokens that might be typing errors against a symbol table can make it look as though a program knows how to spell.2. Special-case code to cope with some awkward input that would otherwise cause a program to fail, presuming normal inputs are dealt with in some cleaner and more regular way. Also called ad-hackery, ad-hocity (/ad-hos'*-tee/), ad-crockery.See also ELIZA effect.[Jargon File] (1995-01-05)
ad-hockery "jargon" /ad-hok'*r-ee/ (Purdue) 1. Gratuitous assumptions made inside certain programs, especially {expert systems}, which lead to the appearance of semi-intelligent behaviour but are in fact entirely arbitrary. For example, {fuzzy-matching} of input tokens that might be typing errors against a symbol table can make it look as though a program knows how to spell. 2. Special-case code to cope with some awkward input that would otherwise cause a program to fail, presuming normal inputs are dealt with in some cleaner and more regular way. Also called "ad-hackery", "ad-hocity" (/ad-hos'*-tee/), "ad-crockery". See also {ELIZA effect}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-05)
Aditi ::: (database, project) The Aditi Deductive Database System. A multi-user deductive database system from the Machine Intelligence Project at the in the sense of relational databases) and derived relations defined by rules that specify how to compute new information from old information.Both base relations and the rules defining derived relations are stored on disk and are accessed as required during query evaluation. The rules defining derived relations are expressed in a Prolog-like language, which is also used for expressing queries.Aditi supports the full structured data capability of Prolog. Base relations can store arbitrarily nested terms, for example arbitrary length lists, and rules can directly manipulate such terms. Base relations can be indexed with B-trees or multi-level signature files.Users can access the system through a Motif-based query and database administration tool, or through a command line interface. There is also in interface that allows NU-Prolog programs to access Aditi in a transparent manner. Proper transaction processing is not supported in this release.The beta release runs on SPARC/SunOS4.1.2 and MIPS/Irix4.0.E-mail: . (1992-12-17)
Aditi "database, project" The Aditi Deductive Database System. A multi-user {deductive database} system from the Machine Intelligence Project at the {University of Melbourne}. It supports base {relations} defined by {facts} (relations in the sense of {relational databases}) and {derived relations} defined by {rules} that specify how to compute new information from old information. Both base relations and the rules defining derived relations are stored on disk and are accessed as required during query evaluation. The rules defining derived relations are expressed in a {Prolog}-like language, which is also used for expressing queries. Aditi supports the full structured data capability of Prolog. Base relations can store arbitrarily nested terms, for example arbitrary length lists, and rules can directly manipulate such terms. Base relations can be indexed with {B-trees} or multi-level signature files. Users can access the system through a {Motif}-based query and database administration tool, or through a command line interface. There is also in interface that allows {NU-Prolog} programs to access Aditi in a transparent manner. Proper {transaction processing} is not supported in this release. The beta release runs on {SPARC}/{SunOS4}.1.2 and {MIPS}/{Irix}4.0. E-mail: "aditi@cs.mu.oz.au". (1992-12-17)
Advanced Program-to-Program Communications "networking, product" (APPC) An implementation of the {IBM} {SNA}/{SDLC} {LU6.2} {protocol} that allows interconnected systems to communicate and share the processing of programs. (1995-02-03)
Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface "storage, programming" (ASPI) A set of libraries designed to provide programs running under {Microsoft Windows} with a consistent interface for accessing {SCSI} devices. ASPI has become a {de facto standard}. The ASPI layer is a collection of programs ({DLLs}) that together implement the ASPI interface. Many problems are caused by device manufacturers packaging incomplete sets of these DLLs with their hardware, often with incorrect date stamps, causing newer versions to get replaced with old. ASPICHK from Adaptec will check the ASPI components installed on a computer. The latest ASPI layer as of March 1999 is 1014. The {ATAPI} standard for {IDE} devices makes them look to the system like SCSI devices and allows them to work through ASPI. {(http://resource.simplenet.com/primer/aspi.htm)}. (1999-03-30)
ALGOL Y "language" A proposed successor to {ALGOL 60}, a "radical reconstruction". Originally a language that could manipulate its own programs at {run time}, it became a collection of features that were not accepted for {ALGOL X}. (1995-05-09)
all-elbows "jargon" Said of a {TSR} (terminate-and-stay-resident) {mess-dos} program, such as the N pop-up calendar and calculator utilities that circulate on {BBS} systems: unsociable. Used to describe a program that {rude}ly steals the resources that it needs without considering that other TSRs may also be resident. One particularly common form of rudeness is lock-up due to programs fighting over the keyboard interrupt. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-21)
Amber "language" 1. A {functional programming} language which adds {CSP}-like {concurrency}, {multiple inheritance} and {persistence} to {ML} and generalises its type system. It is similar to {Galileo}. Programs must be written in two type faces, roman and italics! It has both {static types} and {dynamic types}. There is an implementation for {Macintosh}. ["Amber", L. Cardelli, TR Bell Labs, 1984]. 2. An {object-oriented} distributed language based on a subset of {C++}, developed at {Washington University} in the late 1980s. (1994-12-08)
AMPLE "language, music" A {FORTH}-like language for programming the 500/5000 series of add-on music synthesisers for the {BBC Microcomputer}. AMPLE was produced by Hybrid Technologies, Cambridge, England in the mid 1980s. Many AMPLE programs were published in Acorn User magazine. (1995-11-01)
ANNotated Ada "language, specification" (Anna) A {specification} language developed at {Stanford University} ca. 1980 for formally specifying {Ada} programs. It has a Specification Analyzer and a Consistency Checking System. It adds semantic {assertions} in the form of Ada {comments}. {(ftp://anna.stanford.edu/pub/anna/)}. ["ANNA - A Language for Annotating Ada Programs", David Luckham et al, Springer 1987]. (1994-11-01)
anonymous FTP "networking" An interactive service provided by many {Internet} {hosts} allowing any user to transfer documents, files, programs, and other archived data using {File Transfer Protocol}. The user logs in using the special {user name} "ftp" or "anonymous" and his {e-mail address} as {password}. He then has access to a special directory hierarchy containing the publically accessible files, typically in a subdirectory called "pub". This is usually a separate area from files used by local users. A reference like ftp: euagate.eua.ericsson.se /pub/eua/erlang/info means that files are available by anonymous FTP from the host called euagate.eua.ericsson.se in the directory (or file) /pub/eua/erlang/info. Sometimes the {hostname} will be followed by an {Internet address} in parentheses. The directory will usually be given as a path relative to the anonymous FTP login directory. A reference to a file available by FTP may also be in the form of a {URL} starting "ftp:". See also {Archie}, {archive site}, {EFS}, {FTP by mail}, {web}. (1995-11-26)
antivirus software "tool" Programs to detect and remove computer {viruses}. The simplest kind scans executable files and {boot blocks} for a list of known viruses. Others are constantly active, attempting to detect the actions of general classes of viruses. antivirus software should always include a regular update service allowing it to keep up with the latest viruses as they are released. (1998-02-25)
applet "web" A {Java} program which can be distributed as an attachment in a {web} document and executed by a Java-enabled {web browser} such as Sun's {HotJava}, {Netscape Navigator} version 2.0, or {Internet Explorer}. Navigator severely restricts the applet's file system and network access in order to prevent accidental or deliberate security violations. Full Java applications, which run outside of the browser, do not have these restrictions. Web browsers can also be extended with {plug-ins} though these differ from applets in that they usually require manual installation and are {platform}-specific. Various other languages can now be embedded within {HTML} documents, the most common being {JavaScript}. Despite Java's aim to be a "write once, run anywhere" language, the difficulty of accomodating the variety of browsers in use on the Internet has led many to abandon client-side processing in favour of {server}-side Java programs for which the term {servlet} was coined. Merriam Webster "Collegiate Edition" gives a 1990 definition: a short application program especially for performing a simple specific task. (2002-07-12)
application development "programming" Writing {computer programs} to meet specific {requirements}; the job of an Application Developer. Application development often includes responsibility for {requirements capture} and/or {testing} as well as actual {programming} (the more limited activity implied by the term {programmer}). (2013-08-15)
application program "programming, operating system" (Or "application", "app") A complete, self-contained program that performs a specific function directly for the user. This is in contrast to {system software} such as the {operating system} {kernel}, {server} processes, {libraries} which exists to support application programs and {utility programs}. Editors for various kinds of documents, {spreadsheets}, and text formatters are common examples of applications. Network applications include clients such as those for {FTP}, {electronic mail}, {telnet} and {WWW}. The term is used fairly loosely, for instance, some might say that a client and server together form a distributed application, others might argue that editors and compilers were not applications but {utility programs} for building applications. One distinction between an application program and the operating system is that applications always run in {user mode} (or "non-privileged mode"), while operating systems and related utilities may run in {supervisor mode} (or "privileged mode"). The term may also be used to distinguish programs which communicate via a {graphical user interface} from those which are executed from the {command line}. (2007-02-02)
Application Protocol Data Unit "networking" (APDU) A {packet} of data exchanged between two {application} programs across a {network}. This is the highest level view of communication in the {OSI} {seven layer model} and a single packet exchanged at this level may actually be transmitted as several packets at a lower layer as well as having extra information (headers) added for {routing} etc. (1995-12-19)
application server 1. "software" A {designer}'s or {developer}'s suite of {software} that helps {programmers} isolate the {business logic} in their {programs} from the {platform}-related code. {Application} {servers} can handle all of the {application} {logic} and {connectivity} found in {client-server} {applications}. Many {application} {servers} also offer features such as {transaction management}, {clustering} and {failover}, and {load balancing}; nearly all offer {ODBC} support. {Application} {servers} range from small {footprint}, web-based {processors} for intelligent appliances or remote {embedded} devices, to complete environments for assembling, deploying, and maintaining {scalable} {multi-tier} applications across an {enterprise}. 2. "software" Production {programs} run on a mid-sized computer that handle all {application} operations between {browser}-based computers and an organisation's back-end business {applications} or {databases}. The {application} {server} works as a translator, allowing, for example, a customer with a {browser} to search an online retailer's {database} for pricing information. 3. "hardware" The device on which {application} {server} {software} runs. {Application Service Providers} offer commercial access to such devices. {Citrix Application Serving White Paper (http://citrix.com/press/corpinfo/application_serving_wp_0700.pdf)}. {Application Server Sites, a list maintained by Vayda & Herzum (http://componentfactory.org/links/appl.htm)}. {The Application Server Zone at DevX, (http://appserver-zone.com/default.asp)}. {TechMetrix Research's Application Server Directory, (http://techmetrix.com/trendmarkers/techmetrixasd.php3)}. (2001-03-30)
arc 1. "file format, tool" An old {archive} format for {IBM PC}. The format is now so obscure that it is only likely to be supported by jack-of-all-trades decompression programs such as {WINZIP}. 2. "mathematics, data" An {edge} in a {tree}. "{branch}" is a generally more common synonym. (1998-12-29)
Archimedes "computer" A family of {microcomputers} produced by {Acorn Computers}, Cambridge, UK. The Archimedes, launched in June 1987, was the first {RISC} based {personal computer} (predating {Apple Computer}'s {Power Mac} by some seven years). It uses the {Advanced RISC Machine} (ARM) processor and includes Acorn's {multitasking} {operating system} and {graphical user interface}, {RISC OS} on {ROM}, along with an interpreter for Acorn's enhanced {BASIC}, {BASIC V}. The Archimedes was designed as the successor to Acorn's sucessful {BBC Microcomputer} series and includes some backward compatibility and a {6502} {emulator}. Several utilities are included free on disk (later in ROM) such as a {text editor}, paint and draw programs. Software emulators are also available for the {IBM PC} as well as add-on {Intel} processor cards. There have been several series of Archimedes: A300, A400, A3000, A5000, A4000 and {RISC PC}. {Usenet FAQ (ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/acorn/)}. {Archive site list (http://cs.vu.nl/~gerben/acorn/acorn-archives.txt)}. {HENSA archive (ftp://micros.hensa.ac.uk/)}. {Stuttgart archive (ftp://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/systems/acorn)}. See also {Crisis Software}, {Warm Silence Software}. (1998-04-03)
Architecture Neutral Distribution Format "programming, operating system" (ANDF) An emerging {OSF} {standard} for software distribution. Programs are compiled into ANDF before distribution and {executables} are produced from it for the local target system. This allows software to be developed and distributed in a single version then installed on a variety of hardware. See also {UNCOL}. ["Architecture Neutral Distribution Format: A White Paper", Open Software Foundation, Nov 1990]. (1995-10-20)
Argus "language" A successor to {CLU}, from LCS at {MIT}. Argus supports {distributed programming} through {guardians} (like {monitors}, but can be created dynamically) and {atomic actions} (indivisible activity). It also has {cobegin} and coend. ["Argus Reference Manual", B. Liskov et al., TR-400, MIT/LCS, 1987]. ["Guardians and Actions: Linguistic Support for Robust, Distributed Programs", B. Liskov "liskov@lcs.mit.edu" et al, TOPLAS 5(3):381-404 (1983)]. (1995-12-28)
artificial neural network "artificial intelligence" (ANN, commonly just "neural network" or "neural net") A network of many very simple processors ("units" or "neurons"), each possibly having a (small amount of) local memory. The units are connected by unidirectional communication channels ("connections"), which carry numeric (as opposed to symbolic) data. The units operate only on their local data and on the inputs they receive via the connections. A neural network is a processing device, either an {algorithm}, or actual hardware, whose design was inspired by the design and functioning of animal brains and components thereof. Most neural networks have some sort of "training" rule whereby the weights of connections are adjusted on the basis of presented patterns. In other words, neural networks "learn" from examples, just like children learn to recognise dogs from examples of dogs, and exhibit some structural capability for generalisation. Neurons are often elementary non-linear signal processors (in the limit they are simple threshold discriminators). Another feature of NNs which distinguishes them from other computing devices is a high degree of interconnection which allows a high degree of parallelism. Further, there is no idle memory containing data and programs, but rather each neuron is pre-programmed and continuously active. The term "neural net" should logically, but in common usage never does, also include biological neural networks, whose elementary structures are far more complicated than the mathematical models used for ANNs. See {Aspirin}, {Hopfield network}, {McCulloch-Pitts neuron}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.ai.neural-nets}. (1997-10-13)
AS/400 "computer" An {IBM} {minicomputer} for small business and departmental users, released in 1988 and still in production in October 1998. Features include a menu-driven interface, {multi-user} support, terminals that are (in the grand {IBM} tradition) incompatible with anything else including the {IBM 3270} series, and an extensive library-based {operating system}. The machine survives because its {API} layer allows the {operating system} and {application programs} to take advantage of advances in hardware without recompilation and which means that a complete system that costs $9000 runs the exact same operating system and software as a $2 million system. There is a 64-bit {RISC} processor operating system implementation. Programming languages include {RPG}, {assembly language}, {C}, {COBOL}, {SQL}, {BASIC}, and {REXX}. Several {CASE} tools are available: {Synon}, {AS/SET}, {Lansa}. {(http://as400.ibm.com/)}. (1999-07-26)
A
Association Control Service Element "networking" (ACSE) The {OSI} method for establishing a call between two {application programs}. ACSE checks the identities and contexts of the application entities, and could apply an {authentication} security check. Documents: {ITU} Rec. X.227 ({ISO} 8650), X.217 (ISO 8649) (1997-12-07)
Association for Computing "body" (ACM, before 1997 - "Association for Computing Machinery") The largest and oldest international scientific and educational computer society in the industry. Founded in 1947, only a year after the unveiling of {ENIAC}, ACM was established by mathematicians and electrical engineers to advance the science and application of {Information Technology}. {John Mauchly}, co-inventor of the ENIAC, was one of ACM's founders. Since its inception ACM has provided its members and the world of computer science a forum for the sharing of knowledge on developments and achievements necessary to the fruitful interchange of ideas. ACM has 90,000 members - educators, researchers, practitioners, managers, and engineers - who drive the Association's major programs and services - publications, special interest groups, chapters, conferences, awards, and special activities. The ACM Press publishes journals (notably {CACM}), book series, conference proceedings, {CD-ROM}, {hypertext}, {video}, and specialized publications such as curricula recommendations and self-assessment procedures. {(http://info.acm.org/)}. (1998-02-24)
AUTOEXEC.BAT "operating system" The {batch file} containing commands, loaded by {MS-DOS} after running {CONFIG.SYS}. AUTOEXEC.BAT contains normal DOS commands and can be used for additional system configuration such as setting paths and variables, configuring network connections and running {application programs}. (1995-03-18)
backing store 1. "storage" Computer memory, usually {magnetic disks}, storing data and programs. Sections of this information can then be copied into the main memory ({RAM}) for processing. Backing store is cheaper but RAM is faster. Such a hierarchy of memory devices allows a trade-off between performance and cost. 2. "text" Character storage in memory or on disk, as opposed to displayed or printed characters. This distinction is important where the visual ordering of characters differs from the order in which they are stored, e.g. bidirectional or non-spacing layout. In a {Unicode} encoding, text is stored in sequential order in the backing store. Logical or backing store order corresponds to the order in which text is typed on the keyboard (after corrections such as insertions, deletions, and overtyping). A text rendering process converts Unicode text in the backing store to readable text. ["The Unicode Standard: Worldwide Character Encoding", Version 1.0, Vol. 1. Addison-Wesley, 1991]. (2001-02-25)
backward compatibility "jargon" Able to share data or commands with older versions of itself, or sometimes other older systems, particularly systems it intends to supplant. Sometimes backward compatibility is limited to being able to read old data but does not extend to being able to write data in a format that can be read by old versions. For example, {WordPerfect} 6.0 can read WordPerfect 5.1 files, so it is backward compatible. It can be said that {Perl} is backward compatible with {awk}, because Perl was (among other things) intended to replace awk, and can, with a converter, run awk programs. See also: {backward combatability}. Compare: {forward compatible}. (2003-06-23)
Barbara Liskov "person" Professor Barbara Liskov was the first US woman to be awarded a PhD in computing, and her innovations can be found in every modern programming language. She currently (2009) heads the Programming Methodology Group at the {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}. Professor Liskov's design innovations have, over the decades, made software more reliable and easier to maintain. She has invented two computer progamming languages: {CLU}, an {object-oriented language}, and {Argus}, a {distributed programming language}. Liskov's research forms the basis of modern programming languages such as {Java}, {C
Basic Input/Output System "operating system" (BIOS, ROM BIOS) The part of the {system software} of the {IBM PC} and compatibles that provides the lowest level interface to {peripheral} devices and controls the first stage of the {bootstrap} process, including installing the {operating system}. The BIOS is stored in {ROM}, or equivalent, in every PC. Its main task is to load and execute the operating system which is usually stored on the computer's {hard disk}, but may be loaded from {CD-ROM} or {floppy disk} at install time. In order to provide acceptable performance (e.g. for screen display), some software vendors access the routines in the BIOS directly, rather than using the higher level operating system calls. Thus, the BIOS in the compatible computer must be 100% compatible with the IBM BIOS. As if that wasn't bad enough, many {application programs} bypass even the BIOS and address the screen hardware directly just as the BIOS does. Consequently, {register} level compatibility is required in the compatible's display electronics, which means that it must provide the same storage locations and identification as the original IBM hardware. (1999-06-09)
BASIC "language" Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. A simple language originally designed for ease of programming by students and beginners. Many dialects exist, and BASIC is popular on {microcomputers} with sound and graphics support. Most micro versions are {interactive} and {interpreted}. BASIC has become the leading cause of brain-damage in proto-hackers. This is another case (like {Pascal}) of the cascading lossage that happens when a language deliberately designed as an educational toy gets taken too seriously. A novice can write short BASIC programs (on the order of 10-20 lines) very easily; writing anything longer is painful and encourages bad habits that will make it harder to use more powerful languages. This wouldn't be so bad if historical accidents hadn't made BASIC so common on low-end micros. As it is, it ruins thousands of potential wizards a year. Originally, all references to code, both {GOTO} and GOSUB (subroutine call) referred to the destination by its line number. This allowed for very simple editing in the days before {text editors} were considered essential. Just typing the line number deleted the line and to edit a line you just typed the new line with the same number. Programs were typically numbered in steps of ten to allow for insertions. Later versions, such as {BASIC V}, allow {GOTO}-less {structured programming} with named {procedures} and {functions}, IF-THEN-ELSE
IF constructs and {WHILE} loops etc. Early BASICs had no graphic operations except with graphic characters. In the 1970s BASIC {interpreters} became standard features in {mainframes} and {minicomputers}. Some versions included {matrix} operations as language {primitives}. A {public domain} {interpreter} for a mixture of {DEC}'s {MU-Basic} and {Microsoft Basic} is {here (ftp://oak.oakland.edu/pub/Unix-c/languages/basic/basic.tar-z)}. A {yacc} {parser} and {interpreter} were in the comp.sources.unix archives volume 2. See also {ANSI Minimal BASIC}, {bournebasic}, {bwBASIC}, {ubasic}, {Visual Basic}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-03-15)
benchmark "benchmark" A standard program or set of programs which can be run on different computers to give an inaccurate measure of their performance. "In the computer industry, there are three kinds of lies: lies, damn lies, and benchmarks." A benchmark may attempt to indicate the overall power of a system by including a "typical" mixture of programs or it may attempt to measure more specific aspects of performance, like graphics, I/O or computation (integer or {floating-point}). Others measure specific tasks like {rendering} polygons, reading and writing files or performing operations on matrices. The most useful kind of benchmark is one which is tailored to a user's own typical tasks. While no one benchmark can fully characterise overall system performance, the results of a variety of realistic benchmarks can give valuable insight into expected real performance. Benchmarks should be carefully interpreted, you should know exactly which benchmark was run (name, version); exactly what configuration was it run on (CPU, memory, compiler options, single user/multi-user, peripherals, network); how does the benchmark relate to your workload? Well-known benchmarks include {Whetstone}, {Dhrystone}, {Rhealstone} (see {h}), the {Gabriel benchmarks} for {Lisp}, the {SPECmark} suite, and {LINPACK}. See also {machoflops}, {MIPS}, {smoke and mirrors}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.benchmarks}. {Tennessee BenchWeb (http://netlib.org/benchweb/)}. [{Jargon File}] (2002-03-26)
BeOS "operating system" The {operating system} originally designed to run on the {BeBox} {microcomputer}. BeOS is good at both {multitasking} and {real-time} operation. It has a {bash} command shell, with ports of many {GNU} programs by Be, Inc. It has a {GUI} front end (not {X}). A {C++} {compiler} is supplied with the machine, and there are rumours of other languages being ported in the future. BeOs eventually became used on the {x86} and standard {PPC}. Be, Inc. went bankrupt in 1999, after releasing the last upgrade of BeOS (R5.0.3), and was sold to {Palm}. Several groups are currently (2003) attempting to create an R6 version of the OS. The most likely to succeed are {Yellowtab} and {OpenBeOS}, which is likely to be renamed. (2003-05-30)
Berkeley Logo "language" A {Logo} {interpreter} by Brian Harvey "bh@cs.berkeley.edu". Berkeley Logo programs will run on {Unix}, {IBM PC}, or {Macintosh}. It doesn't do anything fancy about graphics and only allows one {turtle}. Version: 4.6, as of 2000-03-21. {MswLogo} is a {Microsoft Windows} {front end}. {(ftp://anarres.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/ucblogo)}. (2000-03-28)
Bigloo "language" A {Scheme} {interpreter}, {compiler} and {run-time system} by Manuel Serrano "Manuel.Serrano@inria.fr" which aims to deliver small, fast stand-alone {applications}. It supports {modules} and {optimisation}. Bigloo's features enable Scheme programs to be used where {C} or {C++} might usually be required. The Bigloo compiler produces {ANSI C} which is compiled into {stand-alone executables}, {JVM} {bytecode}, or .{NET bytecode}. Hence Bigloo enables Scheme programs to interwork with C, {Java} and {C
binary file "file format" Any {file format} for {digital} {data} that does not consist of a sequence of printable {characters} ({text}). The term is often used for executable {machine code}. All digital data, including characters, is actually binary data (unless it uses some (rare) system with more than two discrete levels) but the distinction between binary and text is well established. On modern {operating systems} a text file is simply a binary file that happens to contain only printable characters, but some older systems distinguish the two file types, requiring programs to handle them differently. A common class of binary files is programs in {machine language} ("{executable} files") ready to load into memory and execute. Binary files may also be used to store data output by a program, and intended to be read by that or another program but not by humans. Binary files are more efficient for this purpose because the data (e.g. numerical data) does not need to be converted between the binary form used by the {CPU} and a printable (ASCII) representation. The disadvantage is that it is usually necessary to write special purpose programs to manipulate such files since most general purpose utilities operate on text files. There is also a problem sharing binary numerical data between processors with different {endian}ness. Some communications {protocols} handle only text files, e.g. most {electronic mail} systems before {MIME} became widespread in about 1995. The {FTP} utility must be put into "binary" mode in order to copy a binary file since in its default "ascii" mode translates between the different {newline} characters used on the sending and receiving computers. Confusingly, some {word processor} files, and {rich text} files, are actually binary files because they contain non-printable characters and require special programs to view, edit and print them. (2005-02-21)
BioMeDical Package "language, library, statistics" (BMDP) A statistical language and library of over forty statistical routines developed in 1961 at {UCLA}, Health Sciences Computing Facility under Dr. Wilford Dixon. BMDP was first implemented in {Fortran} for the {IBM 7090}. Tapes of the original source were distributed for free all over the world. BMDP is the second iteration of the original {BIMED} programs. It was developed at {UCLA} Health Sciences Computing facility, with NIH funding. The "P" in BMDP originally stood for "parameter" but was later changed to "package". BMDP used keyword parameters to defined what was to be done rather than the fixed card format used by original BIMED programs. BMDP supports many statistical funtions: simple data description, {survival analysis}, {ANOVA}, {multivariate analyses}, {regression analysis}, and {time series} analysis. BMDP Professional combines the full suite of BMDP Classic (Dynamic) release 7.0 with the BMDP New System 2.0 {Windows} front-end. {BMDP from Statistical Solutions (http://statsol.ie/bmdp/bmdp.htm)}. (2004-01-14)
Bird-Meertens Formalism "theory, programming" (BMF) (Or "Squiggol") A calculus for derivation of {functional programs} from a specification. It consists of a set of {higher-order functions} that operate on lists including {map}, {fold}, {scan}, {filter}, inits, tails, {cross product} and {function composition}. ["A Calculus of Functions for Program Derivation", R.S. Bird, in Res Topics in Fnl Prog, D. Turner ed, A-W 1990]. ["The Squiggolist", ed Johan Jeuring, published irregularly by CWI Amsterdam]. (1995-05-01)
bit rot "jargon" A hypothetical disease the existence of which has been deduced from the observation that unused programs or features will often stop working after sufficient time has passed, even if "nothing has changed". The theory explains that bits decay as if they were radioactive. As time passes, the contents of a file or the code in a program will become increasingly garbled. People with a physics background tend to prefer the variant "bit decay" for the analogy with particle decay. There actually are physical processes that produce such effects (alpha particles generated by trace radionuclides in ceramic chip packages, for example, can change the contents of a computer memory unpredictably, and various kinds of subtle media failures can corrupt files in mass storage), but they are quite rare (and computers are built with {error detection} circuitry to compensate for them). The notion long favoured among hackers that {cosmic rays} are among the causes of such events turns out to be a myth. Bit rot is the notional cause of {software rot}. See also {computron}, {quantum bogodynamics}. [{Jargon File}] (1998-03-15)
bootstrap "operating system, compiler" To load and initialise the {operating system} on a computer. Normally abbreviated to "{boot}". From the curious expression "to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps", one of the legendary feats of Baron von Munchhausen. The {bootstrap loader} is the program that runs on the computer before any (normal) program can run. Derived terms include {reboot}, {cold boot}, {warm boot}, {soft boot} and {hard boot}. The term also applies to the use of a {compiler} to compile itself. The usual process is to write an {interpreter} for a language, L, in some other existing language. The compiler is then written in L and the interpreter is used to run it. This produces an {executable} for compiling programs in L from the source of the compiler in L. This technique is often used to verify the correctness of a compiler. It was first used in the {LISP} community. See also {My Favourite Toy Language}. [{Jargon File}] (2005-04-12)
BOS 1. "operating system" {Basic Operating System}. 2. "tool" A data management system written at {DESY} and used in some high energy physics programs. 3. "programming" The {Basic Object System}. (1999-01-20)
bot 1. "networking, chat, web" (From "{robot}") Any type of autonomous {software} that operates as an {agent} for a user or a {program} or simulates a human activity. On the {Internet}, the most popular bots are programs (called {spiders} or crawlers) used for searching. They access {web sites}, retrieve documents and follow all the {hypertext links} in them; then they generate catalogs that are accessed by {search engines}. A {chatbot} converses with humans (or other bots). A {shopbot} searches the Web to find the best price for a product. Other bots (such as {OpenSesame}) observe a user's patterns in navigating a website and customises the site for that user. A {knowbot} collects specific information from {websites}. 2. "security" A computer that has been conscripted into a {botnet}. (2019-03-16)
Boycott Apple "legal" Some time before 1989, {Apple Computer, Inc.} started a lawsuit against {Hewlett-Packard} and {Microsoft}, claiming they had breeched Apple's {copyright} on the {look and feel} of the {Macintosh user interface}. In December 1989, {Xerox} failed to sue {Apple Computer}, claiming that the software for Apple's {Lisa} computer and {Macintosh} {Finder}, both copyrighted in 1987, were derived from two {Xerox} programs: {Smalltalk}, developed in the mid-1970s and {Star}, copyrighted in 1981. Apple wanted to stop people from writing any program that worked even vaguely like a {Macintosh}. If such {look and feel} lawsuits succeed they could put an end to {free software} that could substitute for commercial software. In the weeks after the suit was filed, {Usenet} reverberated with condemnation for Apple. {GNU} supporters {Richard Stallman}, {John Gilmore} and Paul Rubin decided to take action against Apple. Apple's reputation as a force for progress came from having made better computers; but The {League for Programming Freedom} believed that Apple wanted to make all non-Apple computers worse. They therefore campaigned to discourage people from using Apple products or working for Apple or any other company threatening similar obstructionist tactics (e.g. {Lotus} and {Xerox}). Because of this boycott the {Free Software Foundation} for a long time didn't support {Macintosh} {Unix} in their software. In 1995, the LPF and the FSF decided to end the boycott. [Dates? Other events? Why did Xerox's case against Apple fail?] (1995-04-18)
broken Not working properly (of programs).
brute force "programming" A primitive programming style in which the programmer relies on the computer's processing power instead of using his own intelligence to simplify the problem, often ignoring problems of scale and applying naive methods suited to small problems directly to large ones. The term can also be used in reference to programming style: brute-force programs are written in a heavy-handed, tedious way, full of repetition and devoid of any elegance or useful abstraction (see also {brute force and ignorance}). The {canonical} example of a brute-force algorithm is associated with the "{travelling salesman problem}" (TSP), a classical {NP-hard} problem: Suppose a person is in, say, Boston, and wishes to drive to N other cities. In what order should the cities be visited in order to minimise the distance travelled? The brute-force method is to simply generate all possible routes and compare the distances; while guaranteed to work and simple to implement, this algorithm is clearly very stupid in that it considers even obviously absurd routes (like going from Boston to Houston via San Francisco and New York, in that order). For very small N it works well, but it rapidly becomes absurdly inefficient when N increases (for N = 15, there are already 1,307,674,368,000 possible routes to consider, and for N = 1000 - well, see {bignum}). Sometimes, unfortunately, there is no better general solution than brute force. See also {NP-complete}. A more simple-minded example of brute-force programming is finding the smallest number in a large list by first using an existing program to sort the list in ascending order, and then picking the first number off the front. Whether brute-force programming should actually be considered stupid or not depends on the context; if the problem is not terribly big, the extra CPU time spent on a brute-force solution may cost less than the programmer time it would take to develop a more "intelligent" algorithm. Additionally, a more intelligent algorithm may imply more long-term complexity cost and bug-chasing than are justified by the speed improvement. When applied to {cryptography}, it is usually known as {brute force attack}. {Ken Thompson}, co-inventor of {Unix}, is reported to have uttered the epigram "When in doubt, use brute force". He probably intended this as a {ha ha only serious}, but the original {Unix} {kernel}'s preference for simple, robust and portable {algorithms} over {brittle} "smart" ones does seem to have been a significant factor in the success of that {operating system}. Like so many other tradeoffs in software design, the choice between brute force and complex, finely-tuned cleverness is often a difficult one that requires both engineering savvy and delicate aesthetic judgment. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-14)
BUAF [alt.fan.warlord] Big Ugly ASCII Font. A special form of {ASCII art}. Various programs exist for rendering text strings into block, {bloob}, and pseudo-script fonts in cells between four and six character cells on a side; this is smaller than the letters generated by older {banner} programs. These are sometimes used to render one's name in a {sig block}, and are critically referred to as "BUAF"s. See {warlording}. [{Jargon File}]
bug-compatible Said of a design or revision that has been badly compromised by a requirement to be compatible with {fossils} or {misfeatures} in other programs or (especially) previous releases of itself. "{MS-DOS} 2.0 used \ as a path separator to be bug-compatible with some cretin's choice of / as an option character in 1.0." [{Jargon File}]
Busy Beaver "theory" (BB) One of a series of sets of {Turing Machine} programs. The BBs in the Nth set are programs of N states that produce a larger finite number of ones on an initially blank tape than any other program of N states. There is no program that, given input N, can deduce the productivity (number of ones output) of the BB of size N. The productivity of the BB of size 1 is 1. Some work has been done to figure out productivities of bigger Busy Beavers - the 7th is in the thousands. (1994-10-24)
buzz 1. Of a program, to run with no indication of progress and perhaps without guarantee of ever finishing; especially said of programs thought to be executing a {tight loop} of code. A program that is buzzing appears to be {catatonic}, but never gets out of catatonia, while a buzzing loop may eventually end of its own accord. "The program buzzes for about 10 seconds trying to sort all the names into order." See {spin}; see also {grovel}. 2. [ETA Systems] To test a wire or printed circuit trace for continuity by applying an AC rather than DC signal. Some wire faults will pass DC tests but fail a buzz test. 3. To process an {array} or list in sequence, doing the same thing to each element. "This loop buzzes through the tz array looking for a terminator type." [{Jargon File}]
cache "memory management" /kash/ A small fast memory holding recently accessed data, designed to speed up subsequent access to the same data. Most often applied to processor-memory access but also used for a local copy of data accessible over a network etc. When data is read from, or written to, {main memory} a copy is also saved in the cache, along with the associated main memory address. The cache monitors addresses of subsequent reads to see if the required data is already in the cache. If it is (a {cache hit}) then it is returned immediately and the main memory read is aborted (or not started). If the data is not cached (a {cache miss}) then it is fetched from main memory and also saved in the cache. The cache is built from faster memory chips than main memory so a cache hit takes much less time to complete than a normal memory access. The cache may be located on the same {integrated circuit} as the {CPU}, in order to further reduce the access time. In this case it is often known as {primary cache} since there may be a larger, slower {secondary cache} outside the CPU chip. The most important characteristic of a cache is its {hit rate} - the fraction of all memory accesses which are satisfied from the cache. This in turn depends on the cache design but mostly on its size relative to the main memory. The size is limited by the cost of fast memory chips. The hit rate also depends on the access pattern of the particular program being run (the sequence of addresses being read and written). Caches rely on two properties of the access patterns of most programs: temporal locality - if something is accessed once, it is likely to be accessed again soon, and spatial locality - if one memory location is accessed then nearby memory locations are also likely to be accessed. In order to exploit spatial locality, caches often operate on several words at a time, a "{cache line}" or "cache block". Main memory reads and writes are whole {cache lines}. When the processor wants to write to main memory, the data is first written to the cache on the assumption that the processor will probably read it again soon. Various different policies are used. In a {write-through} cache, data is written to main memory at the same time as it is cached. In a {write-back} cache it is only written to main memory when it is forced out of the cache. If all accesses were writes then, with a write-through policy, every write to the cache would necessitate a main memory write, thus slowing the system down to main memory speed. However, statistically, most accesses are reads and most of these will be satisfied from the cache. Write-through is simpler than write-back because an entry that is to be replaced can just be overwritten in the cache as it will already have been copied to main memory whereas write-back requires the cache to initiate a main memory write of the flushed entry followed (for a processor read) by a main memory read. However, write-back is more efficient because an entry may be written many times in the cache without a main memory access. When the cache is full and it is desired to cache another line of data then a cache entry is selected to be written back to main memory or "flushed". The new line is then put in its place. Which entry is chosen to be flushed is determined by a "{replacement algorithm}". Some processors have separate instruction and data caches. Both can be active at the same time, allowing an instruction fetch to overlap with a data read or write. This separation also avoids the possibility of bad {cache conflict} between say the instructions in a loop and some data in an array which is accessed by that loop. See also {direct mapped cache}, {fully associative cache}, {sector mapping}, {set associative cache}. (1997-06-25)
Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) A mathematical model (a formal language) for describing processes, mostly used in the study of {parallelism}. A CCS program, written in {behaviour expressions syntax} denotes a process behaviour. Programs can be compared using the notion of {observational equivalence}. ["A Calculus of Communicating Systems", LNCS 92, Springer 1980]. ["Communication and Concurrency", R. Milner, P-H 1989]. (1994-11-29)
callback 1. "programming" A scheme used in {event-driven} programs where the program registers a {subroutine} (a "callback handler") to handle a certain {event}. The program does not call the handler directly but when the event occurs, the {run-time system} calls the handler, usually passing it arguments to describe the event. 2. "communications, security" A {user authentication} scheme used by some computers running {dial-up} services. The user dials in to the computer and gives his {user name} and {password}. The computer then hangs up the connection and uses an {auto-dial} {modem} to call back to the user's registered telephone number. Thus, if an unauthorised person discovers a user's password, the callback will go, not to him, but to the owner of that login who will then know that his account is under attack. However, some {PABXs} can be fooled into thinking that the caller has hung up by sending them a dial tone. When the computer tries to call out on the same line it is not actually dialing through to the authorised user but is still connected to the original caller. 3. "communications" {cost control callback}. (2003-07-13)
Call-Level Interface "database, standard" (SQL/CLI) A programming interface designed to support {SQL} access to {databases} from shrink-wrapped {application programs}. CLI was originally created by a subcommittee of the {SQL Access Group} (SAG). The SAG/CLI specification was published as the {Microsoft} {Open DataBase Connectivity} (ODBC) specification in 1992. In 1993, SAG submitted the CLI to the {ANSI} and {ISO} SQL committees. SQL/CLI provides an international standard implementation-independent CLI to access SQL databases. {Client-server} tools can easily access databases through {dynamic link libraries}. It supports and encourages a rich set of client-server tools. SQL/CLI is an addendum to 1992 SQL standard (SQL-92). It was completed as ISO standard ISO/IEC 9075-3:1995 Information technology -- Database languages -- SQL -- Part 3: Call-Level Interface (SQL/CLI). The current SQL/CLI effort is adding support for {SQL3}. {(http://jcc.com/sql_cli.html)}. (1996-10-27)
card walloper "jargon" An {EDP} programmer who grinds out {batch programs} that do things like print people's paychecks. Compare {code grinder}. See also {punched card}, {eighty-column mind}. [{Jargon File}] (2003-09-20)
CA-Telon "application" A {Computer Aided Software Engineering} (CASE) tool for designing, generating and maintaining {COBOL} and {PL/I} {application programs}. Telon was developed by {Pansophic} Systems who were bought by {Computer Associates} in 1991, whereupon it was renamed CA-Telon. It supports high-level, non-{prodedural} design and prototyping, combined with automatic {code generation}. There are {mainframe} and {PC} versions. The generated COBOL applications can execute in {AIX}, {HP-UX}, {VSE}, {OS/400} for the {AS/400}, {PC-DOS}, or {OS/2}. (2000-01-19)
cextract "programming, tool" A {C} {prototype} extractor by Adam Bryant "adb@cs.bu.edu". cextract can generate {header files} for large multi-file C programs, and will automatically generate prototypes for all of the functions in such a program. It can also generate a sorted list of all functions and their locations. cextract version 1.7 works with both {ANSI C} and {K&R C} and runs under {Unix} and {VMS}. Posted to comp.sources.reviewed. (1992-11-03)
Chalmers University of Technology "body, education" A Swedish university founded in 1829 offering master of science and doctoral degrees. Research is carried out in the main engineering sciences as well as in technology related mathematical and natural sciences. Five hundred faculty members work in more than 100 departments organised in nine schools. Chalmers collaborates with the University of Göteborg. Around 8500 people work and study on the Chalmers campus, including around 500 faculty members and some 600 teachers and doctoral students. About 4800 students follow the master degree programs. Every year 700 Masters of Science in Engineering and in Architecture graduate from Chalmers, and about 190 PhDs and licentiates are awarded. Some 40% of Sweden's engineers and architects are Chalmers graduates. About a thousand research projects are in progress and more than 1500 scientific articles and research reports are published every year. Chalmers is a partner in 80 EC research projects. {(http://chalmers.se/Home-E.html)}. Address: S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden. (1995-02-16)
character encoding "character" (Or "character encoding scheme") A mapping between {binary} data values and character {code positions} (or "code points"). Early systems stored characters in a variety of ways, e.g. four six-bit characters in a 24-bit word, but around 1960, eight-bit bytes started to become the most common data storage layout, with each character stored in one byte, typically in the {ASCII} character set. In the case of {ASCII}, the character encoding is an {identity} mapping: code position 65 maps to the byte value 65. This is possible because ASCII uses only code positions representable as single {bytes}, i.e., values between 0 and 255. ({US-ASCII} only uses values 0 to 127, in fact.) From the late 1990s, there was increased use of larger character sets such as {Unicode} and many {CJK} {coded character sets}. These can represent characters from many languages and more symbols. {Unicode} uses many more than the 256 code positions that can be represented by one byte. It thus requires more complex mappings: sometimes the characters are mapped onto pairs of bytes (see {DBCS}). In many cases, this breaks programs that assume a one-to-one mapping of bytes to characters, and so, for example, treat any occurrance of the byte value 13 as a {carriage return}. To avoid this problem, character encodings such as {UTF-8} were devised. (2015-11-29)
checkpoint "programming" Saving the current state of a program and its data, including intermediate results, to disk or other {non-volatile storage}, so that if interrupted the program could be restarted at the point at which the last checkpoint occurred. This facility came into popular use in {mainframe} {operating systemss} such as {OS/360} in which programs frequently ran for longer than the mean time between system failures. If a program run fails because of some event beyond the program's control (e.g. hardware or {operating system} failure) then the processor time invested before the checkpoint will not have been wasted. (1995-02-07)
Chimera "web" A modular, {X Window System}-based {web browser} for {Unix}. Chimera uses the {Athena} {widget} set so {Motif} is not needed. It supports forms, inline images, {TERM}, {SOCKS}, {proxy servers}, {Gopher}, {FTP}, {HTTP} and local file accesses. Chimera can be extended using external programs. New {protocols} can easily be added and alternate image formats can be used for inline images (e.g. {PostScript}). Version 1.60 is available for {(ftp://ftp.cs.unlv.edu/pub/chimera)}. {(http://unlv.edu/chimera/)}. Chimera runs on {Sun} {SPARC} {SunOS} 4.1.x, {IBM} {RS/6000} {AIX} 3.2.5, {Linux} 1.1.x. It should run on anything with {X11}R[3-6], {imake} and a {C} compiler. (1994-11-08)
Chop "language, tool" A {code generator} by Alan L. Wendt "wendt@CS.ColoState.EDU" for the {lcc} {C} compiler {front end}. Version 0.6 is interfaced with Fraser and Hanson's {lcc} {front end}. The result is a {C} compiler with good code selection but no {global optimisation}. In 1993, Chop could compile and run small test programs on the {VAX}. The {National Semiconductor 32000} and {Motorola 68000} code generators are being upgraded for {lcc} compatibility. {(ftp://beethoven.cs.colostate.edu/pub/chop/0.6.tar.Z)}. ["Fast Code Generation Using Automatically-Generated Decision Trees", ACM SIGPLAN '90 PLDI]. (1993-04-28)
C "language" A programming language designed by {Dennis Ritchie} at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C is known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book. A modified version has been {standardised (standard)} as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01)
Client-Server Analyst Programmer "job" A person who analyses and designs {application programs} for a {client-server architecture}. Typical skills include {ODBC}, {Windows 95}, {Windows NT}, {Macintosh}, {Novell}, {OS/2}, {Unix}, and {RPC}. (2004-03-09)
clipboard "operating system" A temporary memory area, used to transfer information within a document being edited or between documents or between programs. The fundamental operations are "cut" which moves data from a document to the clipboard, "copy" which copies it to the clipboard, and "paste" which inserts the clipboard contents into the current document in place of the current selection. Different {Graphical User Interfaces} vary in how they handle the different types of data which a user might want to transfer via the clipboard, some (e.g. the {X Window System}) support only plain text, others (e.g. {NEXTSTEP}) support arbitrarily typed data such as images. (1996-08-23)
CodeCenter "programming" (Formerly {Saber-C}) A proprietary {software development environment} for {C} programs, offering an integrated toolkit for developing, testing, debugging and maintainance. (1994-12-23)
codes 1. "jargon" Programs. This usage is common among scientific computing people who use {supercumputers} for heavy-duty {number crunching}. 2. "cryptography" Something to do with {cryptography}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-10-28)
C-odeScript "language" A {Liana} interpreter, embeddable in {C} and {C++} programs. (1995-03-09)
codewalker "programming, tool" A program component that analyses other programs. {Compilers} have codewalkers in their front ends; so do {cross-reference generators} and some database front ends. Other utility programs that try to do too much with source code may turn into codewalkers. As in "This new 'vgrind' feature would require a codewalker to implement." [{Jargon File}] (1994-12-23)
COmmon Business Oriented Language "language, business" /koh'bol/ (COBOL) A programming language for simple computations on large amounts of data, designed by the {CODASYL} Committee in April 1960. COBOL's {natural language} style is intended to be largely self-documenting. It introduced the {record} structure. COBOL was probably the most widely used programming language during the 1960s and 1970s. Many of the major programs that required repair or replacement due to {Year 2000} {software rot} issues were originally written in COBOL, and this was responsible for a short-lived increased demand for COBOL programmers. Even in 2002 though, new COBOL programs are still being written in some organisations and many old COBOL programs are still running in {dinosaur} shops. Major revisions in 1968 (ANS X3.23-1968), 1974 (ANS X3.23-1974) and 1985. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.cobol}. ["Initial Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language" DoD, US GPO, Apr 1960]. (2002-02-21)
Common Gateway Interface "web" (CGI) A {standard} for running external {programs} from a {web} {HTTP} {server}. CGI specifies how to pass {arguments} to the program as part of the HTTP request. It also defines a set of {environment variables} that are made available to the program. The program generates output, typically {HTML}, which the web server processes and passes back to the {browser}. Alternatively, the program can request {URL redirection}. CGI allows the returned output to depend in any arbitrary way on the request. The CGI program can, for example, access information in a {database} and format the results as HTML. The program can access any data that a normal application program can, however the facilities available to CGI programs are usually limited for security reasons. Although CGI programs can be compiled programs, they are more often written in a (semi) {interpreted language} such as {Perl}, or as {Unix} {shell scripts}, hence the common name "CGI script". Here is a trivial CGI script written in Perl. (It requires the "CGI" module available from {CPAN}).
communications software "communications, software" {Application programs}, {operating system} components, and probably {firmware}, forming part of a {communication system}. These different software components might be classified according to the functions within the {Open Systems Interconnect} model which they provide. Typical applications include a {web browser}, {Mail User Agent}, {chat} and {telnet}. (2001-03-18)
compatible "jargon" Different systems (e.g., {programs}, {file formats}, {protocols}, even {programming languages}) that can work together or exchange data are said to be compatible. See also {backward compatible}, {forward compatible}. (1998-01-15)
Compatible Timesharing System "operating system" (CTSS) One of the earliest (1963) experiments in the design of interactive {time-sharing} {operating systems}. CTSS was ancestral to {Multics}, {Unix}, and {ITS}. It was developed at the {MIT} Computation Center by a team led by Fernando J. Corbato. CTSS ran on a modified {IBM 7094} with a second 32K-word bank of memory, using two {2301 drums} for swapping. {Remote access} was provided to up to 30 users via an {IBM 7750} {communications controller} connected to {dial-up} {modems}. The name {ITS} (Incompatible {time-sharing} System) was a hack on CTSS, meant both as a joke and to express some basic differences in philosophy about the way I/O services should be presented to user programs. (1997-01-29)
Component Integration Laboratories "project" (CIL) An effort to create a common framework for interoperability between {application programs} on {desktop} {platforms}, formed by {Apple Computer, Inc.}, {IBM}, {Novell}, {Oracle}, {Taligent}, {WordPerfect} and {Xerox}. [When? What happened?] (1994-10-24)
computability theory "mathematics" The area of theoretical computer science concerning what problems can be solved by any computer. A function is computable if an {algorithm} can be implemented which will give the correct output for any valid input. Since computer programs are {countable} but {real numbers} are not, it follows that there must exist real numbers that cannot be calculated by any program. Unfortunately, by definition, there isn't an easy way of describing any of them! In fact, there are many tasks (not just calculating real numbers) that computers cannot perform. The most well-known is the {halting problem}, the {busy beaver} problem is less famous but just as fascinating. ["Computability", N.J. Cutland. (A well written undergraduate-level introduction to the subject)]. ["The Turing Omnibus", A.K. Dewdeney]. (1995-01-13)
Computer-Aided Instruction "application, education" (CAI, or "- assisted", "- learning", CAL, Computer-Based Training CBT, "e-learning") The use of computers for education and training. The programs and data used in CAI, known as "courseware", may be supplied on media such as {CD-ROM} or delivered via a {network} which also enables centralised logging of student progress. CAI may constitute the whole or part of a course, may be done individually or in groups ("Computer Supported Collaborative Learning", CSCL), with or without human guidance. (2011-11-25)
computer "computer" A machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Computers can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can store and retrieve large amounts of data. Most computers in use today are electronic {digital computers} (as opposed to {analogue computers}). The physical components from which a computer is constructed are known as {hardware}, which can be of four types: {CPU}, {memory}, {input devices} and {output devices}. The CPU ({central processing unit}) executes {software} {programs} which tell the computer what to do. Input and output (I/O) devices allow the computer to communicate with the user and the outside world. There are many kinds of memory or storage - fast, expensive, short term memory (e.g. {RAM}) to hold intermediate results, and slower, cheaper, long-term memory (e.g. {magnetic disk} and {magnetic tape}) to hold programs and data that are not being used immediately. Computers today are often connected to a {network} (which may be part of the {Internet}). This allows them to be accessed from elsewhere and to exchange data with other computers. (2018-06-25)
computer literacy "education" Basic skill in use of computers, from the perspective of such skill being a necessary societal skill. The term was coined by Andrew Molnar, while director of the Office of Computing Activities at the {National Science Foundation}. "We started computer literacy in '72 [...] We coined that phrase. It's sort of ironic. Nobody knows what computer literacy is. Nobody can define it. And the reason we selected [it] was because nobody could define it, and [...] it was a broad enough term that you could get all of these programs together under one roof" (cited in Aspray, W., (September 25, 1991) "Interview with Andrew Molnar," OH 234. Center for the History of Information Processing, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota). The term, as a coinage, is similar to earlier coinages, such as "visual literacy", which {Merriam-Webster (http://m-w.com/)} dates to 1971, and the more recent "media literacy". A more useful definition from {(http://www.computerliteracyusa.com/)} is: Computer literacy is an understanding of the concepts, terminology and operations that relate to general computer use. It is the essential knowledge needed to function independently with a computer. This functionality includes being able to solve and avoid problems, adapt to new situations, keep information organized and communicate effectively with other computer literate people. (2007-03-23)
Conference On DAta SYstems Languages "body, data processing" (CODASYL) A consortium that developed {database models} and standard {database} extensions for {COBOL}. CODASYL was formed in 1959 to guide the development of a {standard} {programming language} that could be used on many computers. Members came from industry and government {data processing} departments. Its goal was to promote more effective data {systems analysis}, design and implementation. It published specifications for various languages over the years, handing these over to official standards bodies ({ISO}, {ANSI} or their predecessors) for formal standardisation. The 1965 List Processing Task Force worked on the {IDS/I} database extension. It later renamed itself to the Data Base Task Group (DBTG) and publishing the Codasyl Data Model, the first to allow one-to-many {relations}. This work also introduced {data definition languages} (DDLs) to define the {database schema} and a {data manipulation language} (DML) to be embedded in COBOL programs to request and update data in the database. Interest in CODASYL declined with the rise of {relational databases} beginning in the early 1980s. (2013-12-29)
CONFIG.SYS "operating system" A {text file} containing special system configuration commands, found in the {root directory} on an {MS-DOS} computer, typically on {drive} C (the {hard disk}). It is read by {MS-DOS} at {boot time}, after the setup has been read from {CMOS RAM} and before running {AUTOEXEC.BAT}. It can be modified by the user. Some example commands which CONFIG.SYS might contain are: DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /testmem:off Load the {extended memory} manager. DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM Load the {expanded memory} manager. BUFFERS=10,0 Specify memory for {disk buffers}. FILES=70 Set the number of files that can be open at once. DOS=UMB DOS is located in {UppeMemoryBlock}. LASTDRIVE=Z Disk drives are A: to Z:. FCBS=16,0 Set the number of {file control blocks}. DEVICEHIGH /L:1,12048 =C:\DOS\SETVER.EXE Report the DOS version to older programs. DOS=HIGH DOS should maintain a link to {UMB}. COUNTRY=358,437 C:\DOS\COUNTRY.SYS Set the {country code} for some programs. STACKS=9,256 Set {dynamic stacks} for hardware control. SHELL=C:\DOS\COMMAND.COM C:\DOS\ /E:1024 /p Set the location of the {command interpreter}. (1995-03-16)
configuration programming "programming" An approach that advocates the use of a separate configuration language to specify the {coarse-grain} structure of programs. Configuration programming is particularly attractive for {concurrent}, parallel and distributed systems that have inherently complex program structures. {Darwin} is an example of a configuration language. (1995-03-14)
configure "software" A program by {Richard Stallman} to discover properties of the current {platform} and to set up {make} to compile and install {gcc}. {Cygnus configure} was a similar system developed by K. Richard Pixley in collaboration with Richard Stallman. In 1994, David MacKenzie and others modified {autoconf} to incorporate all the features of Cygnus configure and many {GNU} programs, including gcc now use autoconf. {Metaconfig} is a similar program used in building {Perl}. {(http://airs.com/ian/configure)}. (2005-04-15)
control character "character" Any of a number of special characters that exist in most {coded character sets} and that are input or output to cause some special action rather than as part of the normal textual data. Control characters are input by holding down a {control key} on the {keyboard} and simultaneously pressing a letter key or (depending on the keyboard and {operating system}) certain punctuation characters. Some control codes have their own special keys: {escape}, {tab}, {delete}, {backspace}, {return}, allowing them to be entered with a single key press. Control characters may be output for their effect on the output device, e.g. moving the {cursor} or {print head} to the start of a new line ({carriage return}, Control-M), advancing down to the next line ({line feed}, Control-J) or ringing the bell (Control-G). Different {operating systems} and {application programs} have different conventions for what effect typing certain control characters will have, such as interrupting the current process ({Unix} {Control-C}) or suspending or resuming output ({Control-S}, {Control-Q}). See {ASCII character table}. (2015-03-07)
conversion to iteration "functional programming" A transformation applied to {functional programs} that replaces {recursion} with {iteration}. A {tail-recursive function} can be compiled to an iterative loop such that the recursive call becomes a {jump} back to the start and the parameters are held in registers which are updated with new values each time around the loop. This is closely related to {tail recursion optimisation}. (2019-11-21)
CONVERT "language" 1. (Or "REC", "Regular Expression Converter") A {string processing} language that combined the {pattern matching} and transformation operations of {COMIT} with the {recursive data structures} of {Lisp}. ["Convert", A. Guzman et al, CACM 9(8):604-615, Aug 1966]. 2. An early language to convert programs and data from one language to another. ["CONVERT Manual", OLI Systems Inc, Oct 1976]. (2007-02-05)
cookbook "programming" (From amateur electronics and radio) A book of small code segments that the reader can use to do various {magic} things in programs. One current example is the "{PostScript} Language Tutorial and Cookbook" by Adobe Systems, Inc (Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-10179-3), also known as the {Blue Book} which has recipes for things like wrapping text around arbitrary curves and making 3D fonts. Cookbooks, slavishly followed, can lead one into {voodoo programming}, but are useful for hackers trying to {monkey up} small programs in unknown languages. This function is analogous to the role of phrasebooks in human languages. [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-04)
cookie 1. "web" {HTTP cookie}. 2. "protocol" A handle, transaction ID, or other token of agreement between cooperating programs. "I give him a packet, he gives me back a cookie". The ticket you get from a dry-cleaning shop is an example of a cookie; the only thing it's useful for is to relate a later transaction to this one (so you get the same clothes back). Compare {magic cookie}; see also {fortune cookie}. 3. "security, jargon" A {cracker} term for the {password} list on a {multi-user} computer. 4. "jargon" An adjective describing a computer that just became {toast}. (1997-04-14)
cookie jar 1. "programming" An area of memory set aside for storing {cookies}. Most commonly heard in the {Atari ST} community; many useful ST programs record their presence by storing a distinctive {magic number} in the jar. Programs can inquire after the presence or otherwise of other programs by searching the contents of the jar. 2. "security" A {cracker} term for the password file of a multi-user computer. [{Jargon File}] (1997-02-12)
copybook "programming, library" (Or "copy member", "copy module") A common piece of {source code} designed to be copied into many source programs, used mainly in {IBM} {DOS} {mainframe} programming. In {mainframe} {DOS} (DOS/VS, DOS/{VSE}, etc.), the copybook was stored as a "book" in a {source} library. A library was comprised of "books", prefixed with a letter designating the language, e.g., A.name for Assembler, C.name for Cobol, etc., because {DOS} didn't support multiple libraries, private libraries, or anything. This term is commonly used by {COBOL} programmers but is supported by most {mainframe} languages. The {IBM} {OS} series did not use the term "copybook", instead it referred to such files as "libraries" implemented as "partitioned data sets" or {PDS}. Copybooks are functionally equivalent to {C} and {C++} {include} files. (1997-07-31)
copyright "legal" The exclusive rights of the owner of the copyright on a work to make and distribute copies, prepare derivative works, and perform and display the work in public (these last two mainly apply to plays, films, dances and the like, but could also apply to software). A work, including a piece of software, is under copyright by default in most coutries, whether of not it displays a copyright notice. However, a copyright notice may make it easier to assert ownership. The copyright owner is the person or company whose name appears in the copyright notice on the box, or the disk or the screen or wherever. Most countries have agreed to uphold each others' copyrights. A copyright notice has three parts. The first can be either the {copyright symbol} (a letter C in a circle), the word "Copyright" or the abbreviation "Copr". Only the first of these is recognised internationally and the common {ASCII} rendering "(C)" is not valid anywhere. This is followed by the name of the copyright holder and the year of publication. The year should be the year of _first_ publication, it is not necessary as some believe to update this every year to the current year. Copyright protection in most countries extends for 50 years after the author's death. Originally, most of the computer industry assumed that only the program's underlying instructions were protected under copyright law but, beginning in the early 1980s, a series of lawsuits involving the video screens of game programs extended protections to the appearance of programs. Use of copyright to restrict redistribution is immoral, unethical and illegitimate. It is a result of brainwashing by monopolists and corporate interests and it violates everyone's rights. Such use of copyrights and patents hamper technological progress by making a naturally abundant resource scarce. Many, from communists to right wing libertarians, are trying to abolish intellectual property myths. See also {public domain}, {copyleft}, {software law}. {Universal Copyright Convention (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/creativity/creative-industries/copyright/)}. {US Copyright Office (http://copyright.gov/)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:misc.legal.computing}. [Is this definition correct in the UK? In the US? Anywhere?] (2014-01-08)
Core War "games" (Or more recently, "Core Wars") A game played between {assembly code} programs running in the {core} of a simulated machine (and vicariously by their authors). The objective is to kill your opponents' programs by overwriting them. The programs are written using an {instruction set} called "{Redcode}" and run on a {virtual machine} called "{MARS}" (Memory Array Redcode Simulator). Core War was devised by Victor Vyssotsky, Robert Morris Sr., and {Dennis Ritchie} in the early 1960s (their original game was called "{Darwin}" and ran on a {PDP-1} at {Bell Labs}). It was first described in the "Core War Guidelines" of March, 1984 by D. G. Jones and A. K. Dewdney of the Department of Computer Science at The University of Western Ontario (Canada). Dewdney wrote several "Computer Recreations" articles in "Scientific American" which discussed Core War, starting with the May 1984 article. Those articles are contained in the two anthologies cited below. A.K. Dewdney's articles are still the most readable introduction to Core War, even though the {Redcode} dialect described in there is no longer current. The International Core War Society (ICWS) creates and maintains Core War standards and the runs Core War tournaments. There have been six annual tournaments and two standards (ICWS'86 and ICWS'88). ["The Armchair Universe: An Exploration of Computer Worlds", A. K. Dewdney, W. H. Freeman, New York, 1988, ISBN 0-7167-1939-8, LCCN QA76.6 .D517 1988] ["The Magic Machine: A Handbook of Computer Sorcery", A. K. Dewdney, W. H. Freeman, New York, 1990, ISBN 0-7167-2125-2 (Hardcover), 0-7167-2144-9 (Paperback), LCCN QA76.6 .D5173 1990]. (1998-10-30)
courseware "application" Programs and data used in {Computer-Based Training}. (1995-03-13)
creeping featurism "jargon" /kree'ping fee'chr-izm/ (Or "feature creep") A systematic tendency to load more {chrome} and {features} onto systems at the expense of whatever elegance they may have possessed when originally designed. "The main problem with {BSD} Unix has always been creeping featurism." More generally, creeping featurism is the tendency for anything to become more complicated because people keep saying "Gee, it would be even better if it had this feature too". The result is usually a patchwork because it grew one ad-hoc step at a time, rather than being planned. Planning is a lot of work, but it's easy to add just one extra little feature to help someone, and then another, and another, .... When creeping featurism gets out of hand, it's like a cancer. Usually this term is used to describe computer programs, but it could also be said of the federal government, the IRS 1040 form, and new cars. A similar phenomenon sometimes afflicts conscious redesigns; see {second-system effect}. See also {creeping elegance}. [{Jargon File}] (1997-08-03)
crunch 1. "jargon" To process, usually in a time-consuming or complicated way. Connotes an essentially trivial operation that is nonetheless painful to perform. The pain may be due to the triviality's being embedded in a loop from 1 to 1,000,000,000. "Fortran programs do mostly {number crunching}." 2. "compression" To reduce the size of a file without losing information by a scheme such as {Huffman coding}. Since such {lossless compression} usually takes more computations than simpler methods such as {run-length encoding}, the term is doubly appropriate. 3. The {hash character}. Used at {XEROX} and {CMU}, among other places. 4. To squeeze program source to the minimum size that will still compile or execute. The term came from a {BBC Microcomputer} program that crunched {BBC BASIC} {source} in order to make it run more quickly (apart from storing {keywords} as byte codes, the language was wholly interpreted, so the number of characters mattered). {Obfuscated C Contest} entries are often crunched; see the first example under that entry. [{Jargon File}] (2007-11-12)
daemon "operating system" /day'mn/ or /dee'mn/ (From the mythological meaning, later rationalised as the acronym "Disk And Execution MONitor") A program that is not invoked explicitly, but lies dormant waiting for some condition(s) to occur. The idea is that the perpetrator of the condition need not be aware that a daemon is lurking (though often a program will commit an action only because it knows that it will implicitly invoke a daemon). For example, under {ITS} writing a file on the {LPT} spooler's directory would invoke the spooling daemon, which would then print the file. The advantage is that programs wanting files printed need neither compete for access to, nor understand any idiosyncrasies of, the {LPT}. They simply enter their implicit requests and let the daemon decide what to do with them. Daemons are usually spawned automatically by the system, and may either live forever or be regenerated at intervals. {Unix} systems run many daemons, chiefly to handle requests for services from other {hosts} on a {network}. Most of these are now started as required by a single real daemon, {inetd}, rather than running continuously. Examples are {cron} (local timed command execution), {rshd} (remote command execution), {rlogind} and {telnetd} (remote login), {ftpd}, {nfsd} (file transfer), {lpd} (printing). Daemon and {demon} are often used interchangeably, but seem to have distinct connotations (see {demon}). The term "daemon" was introduced to computing by {CTSS} people (who pronounced it /dee'mon/) and used it to refer to what {ITS} called a {dragon}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-05-11)
database management system "database" (DBMS) A suite of programs which typically manage large structured sets of persistent data, offering ad hoc query facilities to many users. They are widely used in business applications. A database management system (DBMS) can be an extremely complex set of software programs that controls the organisation, storage and retrieval of data (fields, records and files) in a database. It also controls the security and integrity of the database. The DBMS accepts requests for data from the application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data. When a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the organisation's information requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the database without disruption to the existing system. Data security prevents unauthorised users from viewing or updating the database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or subsets of the database, called subschemas (pronounced "sub-skeema"). For example, an employee database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorised to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data. The DBMS can maintain the integrity of the database by not allowing more than one user to update the same record at the same time. The DBMS can keep duplicate records out of the database; for example, no two customers with the same customer numbers (key fields) can be entered into the database. {Query languages} and {report writers} allow users to interactively interrogate the database and analyse its data. If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the database, as well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal databases. However, it may not leave an audit trail of actions or provide the kinds of controls necessary in a multi-user organisation. These controls are only available when a set of application programs are customised for each data entry and updating function. A business information system is made up of subjects (customers, employees, vendors, etc.) and activities (orders, payments, purchases, etc.). Database design is the process of deciding how to organize this data into record types and how the record types will relate to each other. The DBMS should mirror the organisation's data structure and process transactions efficiently. Organisations may use one kind of DBMS for daily transaction processing and then move the detail onto another computer that uses another DBMS better suited for random inquiries and analysis. Overall systems design decisions are performed by data administrators and systems analysts. Detailed database design is performed by database administrators. The three most common organisations are the {hierarchical database}, {network database} and {relational database}. A database management system may provide one, two or all three methods. Inverted lists and other methods are also used. The most suitable structure depends on the application and on the transaction rate and the number of inquiries that will be made. Database machines are specially designed computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Connected to one or more mainframes via a high-speed channel, database machines are used in large volume transaction processing environments. Database machines have a large number of DBMS functions built into the hardware and also provide special techniques for accessing the disks containing the databases, such as using multiple processors concurrently for high-speed searches. The world of information is made up of data, text, pictures and voice. Many DBMSs manage text as well as data, but very few manage both with equal proficiency. Throughout the 1990s, as storage capacities continue to increase, DBMSs will begin to integrate all forms of information. Eventually, it will be common for a database to handle data, text, graphics, voice and video with the same ease as today's systems handle data. See also: {intelligent database}. (1998-10-07)
DDT 1. Generic term for a program that assists in debugging other programs by showing individual {machine instructions} in a readable symbolic form and letting the user change them. In this sense the term DDT is now archaic, having been widely displaced by "debugger" or names of individual programs like "{adb}", "{sdb}", "{dbx}", or "{gdb}". 2. Under {MIT}'s fabled {ITS} {operating system}, DDT (running under the alias HACTRN) was also used as the {shell} or top level command language used to execute other programs. 3. Any one of several specific debuggers supported on early {DEC} hardware. The {DEC} {PDP-10} Reference Handbook (1969) contained a footnote on the first page of the documentation for DDT that illuminates the origin of the term: Historical footnote: DDT was developed at {MIT} for the {PDP-1} computer in 1961. At that time DDT stood for "DEC Debugging Tape". Since then, the idea of an on-line debugging program has propagated throughout the computer industry. DDT programs are now available for all DEC computers. Since media other than tape are now frequently used, the more descriptive name "Dynamic Debugging Technique" has been adopted, retaining the DDT abbreviation. Confusion between DDT-10 and another well known pesticide, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (C14-H9-Cl5) should be minimal since each attacks a different, and apparently mutually exclusive, class of bugs. (The "tape" referred to was, incidentally, not magnetic but paper.) Sadly, this quotation was removed from later editions of the handbook after the {suits} took over and DEC became much more "businesslike". The history above is known to many old-time hackers. But there's more: Peter Samson, compiler of the original {TMRC} lexicon, reports that he named "DDT" after a similar tool on the {TX-0} computer, the direct ancestor of the PDP-1 built at {MIT}'s Lincoln Lab in 1957. The debugger on that ground-breaking machine (the first transistorised computer) rejoiced in the name FLIT (FLexowriter Interrogation Tape). [{Jargon File}]
debugger "tool, programming" A {tool} used by a {programmer} to monitor and control a program he is trying to fix. The most important functions of a debugger are {tracing}, stepping, {breakpoints} and {watches}. Tracing displays a step-by-step report on what {statement} the program is currently executing, allowing the programmer to follow the {flow of control} through {if statements}, {loops (loop)}, {subroutine} calls, etc. {Breakpoints} and {watches} both pause execution of the program and return control to the debugger under certain conditions. A {breakpoint} triggers when execution reaches a particular {statement} in the program and a {watch} triggers whenever a specific variable is modified. Stepping is like a breakpoint on every statement, often with the option to step "into" or "over" a {subroutine}, i.e. continue stepping through the statements of the subroutine or just execute it without pausing and resume stepping when it returns. Whenever control returns to the debugger it lets the programmer ask to see the values of {variables}, and possibly modify them, before resuming execution. Some debuggers can be set to automatically perform some action like display a variable value and resume. A debugger can interact with the target program in different ways. Some debuggers require the program to be loaded into the debugger which may then modify or "instrument" the program for debugging. Others can "attach" to a program that is already running. Some are built into the normal program execution environment (e.g. an {interpreter}) and can be set to run under certain conditions, e.g. errors. Early debuggers such as {Unix}'s {adb} only knew about the compiled executable code so sometimes debugging had to be done at the level of {machine code} instructions and numerical memory locations. If you were lucky, the debugger could access the program's {symbol table} and display the original names of subroutines and variables. Sometimes this required the program to be "compiled for debugging". Since compiling every program for debugging would add significantly to the size of a {distribution} of a whole {operating system}, it is common for programs to be distributed without debugging support but for individual programs to be made available with it. A major advance in debuggers was source-level debugging. This gives the programmer a view of their {source code} annotated with breakpoints and a pointer to the statement currently being executed. Such a view is commonly part of an {integrated development environment} like {Visual Basic}. (2014-08-23)
decidability "mathematics" A property of sets for which one can determine whether something is a member or not in a {finite} number of computational steps. Decidability is an important concept in {computability theory}. A set (e.g. "all numbers with a 5 in them") is said to be "decidable" if I can write a program (usually for a {Turing Machine}) to determine whether a number is in the set and the program will always terminate with an answer YES or NO after a finite number of steps. Most sets you can describe easily are decidable, but there are infinitely many sets so most sets are undecidable, assuming any finite limit on the size (number of instructions or number of states) of our programs. I.e. how ever big you allow your program to be there will always be sets which need a bigger program to decide membership. One example of an undecidable set comes from the {halting problem}. It turns out that you can encode every program as a number: encode every symbol in the program as a number (001, 002, ...) and then string all the symbol codes together. Then you can create an undecidable set by defining it as the set of all numbers that represent a program that terminates in a finite number of steps. A set can also be "semi-decidable" - there is an {algorithm} that is guaranteed to return YES if the number is in the set, but if the number is not in the set, it may either return NO or run for ever. The {halting problem}'s set described above is semi-decidable. You decode the given number and run the resulting program. If it terminates the answer is YES. If it never terminates, then neither will the decision algorithm. (1995-01-13)
DECtape "hardware, storage" A reel of {magnetic tape} about 4 inches in diameter and one inch wide. Unlike today's {macrotapes}, microtape drivers allowed {random access} to the data, and therefore could be used to support {file systems} and even for {swapping} (this was generally done purely for {hack value}, as they were far too slow for practical use). DECtape was a variant on {LINCtape}. In their heyday DECtapes were used in pretty much the same ways one would now use a {floppy disk}: as a small, portable way to save and transport files and programs. (1995-03-16)
deep space 1. The notional location of any program that has gone {off the trolley}. Especially used of programs that just sit there silently grinding long after either failure or some output is expected. "Uh oh. I should have had a prompt ten seconds ago. The program's in deep space somewhere." Compare {buzz}, {catatonic}, {hyperspace}. 2. The metaphorical location of a human so dazed and/or confused or caught up in some esoteric form of {bogosity} that he or she no longer responds coherently to normal communication. [{Jargon File}]
demon 1. "operating system" (Often used equivalently to {daemon}, especially in the {Unix} world, where the latter spelling and pronunciation is considered mildly archaic). A program or part of a program which is not invoked explicitly, but that lies dormant waiting for some condition(s) to occur. At {MIT} they use "demon" for part of a program and "daemon" for an {operating system} process. Demons (parts of programs) are particularly common in {AI} programs. For example, a {knowledge}-manipulation program might implement {inference rules} as demons. Whenever a new piece of knowledge was added, various demons would activate (which demons depends on the particular piece of data) and would create additional pieces of knowledge by applying their respective inference rules to the original piece. These new pieces could in turn activate more demons as the inferences filtered down through chains of logic. Meanwhile, the main program could continue with whatever its primary task was. This is similar to the {triggers} used in {relational databases}. The use of this term may derive from "Maxwell's Demons" - minute beings which can reverse the normal flow of heat from a hot body to a cold body by only allowing fast moving molecules to go from the cold body to the hot one and slow molecules from hot to cold. The solution to this apparent thermodynamic paradox is that the demons would require an external supply of energy to do their work and it is only in the absence of such a supply that heat must necessarily flow from hot to cold. Walt Bunch believes the term comes from the demons in Oliver Selfridge's paper "Pandemonium", MIT 1958, which was named after the capital of Hell in Milton's "Paradise Lost". Selfridge likened neural cells firing in response to input patterns to the chaos of millions of demons shrieking in Pandemonium. 2. "company" {Demon Internet} Ltd. 3. A {program generator} for {differential equation} problems. [N.W. Bennett, Australian AEC Research Establishment, AAEC/E142, Aug 1965]. [{Jargon File}] (1998-09-04)
denotational semantics "theory" A technique for describing the meaning of programs in terms of mathematical {functions} on programs and program components. Programs are translated into functions about which properties can be proved using the standard mathematical theory of functions, and especially {domain theory}. Compare {axiomatic semantics}, {operational semantics}, {standard semantics}. (1996-08-21)
Descriptive Intermediate Attributed Notation for Ada "language" (DIANA) A formerly {de facto standard} {intermediate language} for {Ada} programs, developed by Goos and Wulf at {CMU} in January 1981. DIANA is an {attributed tree} representation, with an abstract interface defined in {Interface Description Language} (Nestor, Lamb and Wulf, CMU, 1981; Snodgrass(?), 1989(?)). DIANA resulted from a merger of {AIDA} and {TCOL.Ada}. At the present (2001) it is no longer used by the major ADA compilers ["DIANA - An Intermediate Language for Ada", G.T. Goos et al, LNCS 161, Springer 1983]. (2001-09-15)
desktop manager A {user interface} to system services, usually {icon} and {menu} based like the {Macintosh} {Finder}, enabling the user to run {application programs} and use a {file system} without directly using the command language of the {operating system}. (1994-12-07)
desktop publishing "text, application" (DTP) Using computers to lay out text and graphics for printing in magazines, newsletters, brochures, etc. A good DTP system provides precise control over templates, styles, fonts, sizes, colour, paragraph formatting, images and fitting text into irregular shapes. Example programs include {FrameMaker}, {PageMaker}, {InDesign} and {GeoPublish}. {(http://cs.purdue.edu/homes/gwp/dtp/dtp.html)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.text.desktop}. (2005-03-14)
device independent bitmap "graphics, file format" (DIB) An {image} format in which the sequence and depth of {pixels} in the file is not specifically related to their layout in any particular device. This allows any device dependent bitmap (DDB) image to be converted to or DIB format without loss of information, and this can then later be converted to other DDB formats for, e.g., printing or display. Rather than requiring converters from each DDB format to all other formats, only converters to and from DIB are needed. DIB images are normally transferred in {metafiles}, {bmp} files, and the {clipboard}. Transferring colour bitmaps from one device to another was not possible in versions of {Microsoft Windows} earlier than 3.0. {Application programs} can build DIB images without any interaction with Windows. If Windows lacks a drawing primitive, the application can simulate it directly into the DIB instead of using the existing {graphics device interface} (GDI) primitives. Unfortunately, under Windows versions 3.0 and 3.1, {GDI} cannot perform output operations directly to a DIB. Conversion between DIB and DDB is performed by the {device driver}. Where the driver does not have this facility, the conversion is performed by GDI but only in monochrome. DIBs are slower to use than device dependent bitmaps due to the conversions required. (1996-09-20)
digest A periodical collection of messages which have been posted to a {newsgroup} or {mailing list}. A digest is prepared by a {moderator} who selects articles from the group or list, formats them and adds a contents list. The digest is then either mailed to an alternative {mailing list} or posted to an alternative newsgroup. Some {news readers} and {electronic mail} programs provide commands to "undigestify" a digest, i.e. to split it up into individual articles which may then be read and saved or discarded separately.
digital computer "computer" A {computer} that represents numbers and other data using discrete internal states, in contrast to the continuously varying quantities used in an {analog computer}. Some of the fundamental ideas behind the digital computer were proposed by {Alan Turing} between 1936 and 1938. The design of the {Atanasoff-Berry Computer} (1937-1942) included some of the important implementation details but the first digital computer to successfully run real programs was the {Z3} (1941). {ENIAC} (1943-1946) was the first electronic digital computer but was only programmable by manual rewiring or switches. (2003-10-01)
Digital Equipment Computer Users Society "body" (DECUS) A world-wide organisation of {Information Technology} professionals interested in the products, services, and technologies of {Digital Equipment Corporation} and related vendors. Membership in the US chapter is free and provides participants with the means to enhance their professional development, forums for technical training, mechanisms for obtaining up-to-date information, advocacy programs and opportunities for informal disclosure and interaction with professional colleagues of like interest. {DECUS Home (http://www.decus.org/)}. (2014-08-26)
Disiple "language, DSP" A {DSP} language. ["A Compiler that Easily Retargets High Level Language Programs for Different Signal Processing Architectures", J.E. Peters & S.M. Dunn, Proc ICASSP 89, pp. 1103-1106, May 1989]. (2000-11-16)
Distributed Data Management "protocol, database" (DDM) An {IBM} {data} {protocol} architecture for data management services across {distributed} systems in an {SNA} environment. DDM provides a common {data management language} for data interchange among different IBM system platforms. Products supporting DDM include {AS/400}, {System/36}, {System/38} and {CICS/DDM}. On the AS/400, DDM controls remote file processing. DDM enables application programs running on one AS/400 system to access data files stored on another system supporting DDM. Similarly, other systems that have DDM can access files in the database of the local AS/400 system. DDM makes it easier to distribute file processing between two or more systems. {OS/400 Distributed Data Management V3R6 Reference (http://as400bks.rochester.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr/bookmgr.cmd/BOOKS/QBJALH00/CCONTENTS)}. (1999-04-26)
domain theory "theory" A branch of mathematics introduced by Dana Scott in 1970 as a mathematical theory of programming languages, and for nearly a quarter of a century developed almost exclusively in connection with {denotational semantics} in computer science. In {denotational semantics} of programming languages, the meaning of a program is taken to be an element of a domain. A domain is a mathematical structure consisting of a set of values (or "points") and an ordering relation, "= on those values. Domain theory is the study of such structures. (""=" is written in {LaTeX} as {\subseteq}) Different domains correspond to the different types of object with which a program deals. In a language containing functions, we might have a domain X -" Y which is the set of functions from domain X to domain Y with the ordering f "= g iff for all x in X, f x "= g x. In the {pure lambda-calculus} all objects are functions or {applications} of functions to other functions. To represent the meaning of such programs, we must solve the {recursive} equation over domains, D = D -" D which states that domain D is ({isomorphic} to) some {function space} from D to itself. I.e. it is a {fixed point} D = F(D) for some operator F that takes a domain D to D -" D. The equivalent equation has no non-trivial solution in {set theory}. There are many definitions of domains, with different properties and suitable for different purposes. One commonly used definition is that of Scott domains, often simply called domains, which are {omega-algebraic}, {consistently complete} {CPOs}. There are domain-theoretic computational models in other branches of mathematics including {dynamical systems}, {fractals}, {measure theory}, {integration theory}, {probability theory}, and {stochastic processes}. See also {abstract interpretation}, {bottom}, {pointed domain}. (1999-12-09)
dongle-disk /don'gl disk/ (Or "key disk") A kind of {dongle} consisting of a special {floppy disk} that is required in order to perform some task. Some contain special coding that allows an application to identify it uniquely, others *are* special code that does something that normally-resident programs don't or can't. For example, {AT&T}'s "Unix PC" would only come up in {root mode} with a special boot disk. [{Jargon File}] (1998-12-13)
dongle "hardware" /dong'gl/ (From "dangle" - because it dangles off the computer?) 1. "security" A security or {copy protection} device for commercial {microcomputer} programs that must be connected to an {I/O port} of the computer while the program is run. Programs that use a dongle query the port at start-up and at programmed intervals thereafter, and terminate if it does not respond with the expected validation code. One common form consisted of a serialised {EPROM} and some drivers in a {D-25} connector shell. Dongles attempt to combat {software theft} by ensuring that, while users can still make copies of the program (e.g. for {backup}), they must buy one dongle for each simultaneous use of the program. The idea was clever, but initially unpopular with users who disliked tying up a port this way. By 1993 almost all dongles passed data through transparently while monitoring for their particular {magic} codes (and combinations of status lines) with minimal if any interference with devices further down the line. This innovation was necessary to allow {daisy-chained} dongles for multiple pieces of software. In 1998, dongles and other copy protection systems are fairly uncommon for {Microsoft Windows} software but one engineer in a print and {CADD} bureau reports that their {Macintosh} computers typically run seven dongles: After Effects, Electric Image, two for Media 100, Ultimatte, Elastic Reality and CADD. These dongles are made for the Mac's daisy-chainable {ADB} port. The term is used, by extension, for any physical electronic key or transferable ID required for a program to function. Common variations on this theme have used the {parallel port} or even the {joystick} port or a {dongle-disk}. An early 1992 advertisment from Rainbow Technologies (a manufacturer of dongles) claimed that the word derived from "Don Gall", the alleged inventor of the device. The company's receptionist however said that the story was a myth invented for the ad. [{Jargon File}] (1998-12-13) 2. A small adaptor cable that connects, e.g. a {PCMCIA} {modem} to a telephone socket or a PCMCIA {network card} to an {RJ45} {network cable}. (2002-09-29)
dot file "operating system, convention" A {Unix} {application program} configuration file. On {Unix}, files named with a leading dot are not normally shown in directory listings. Many programs define one or more dot files in which startup or configuration information may be optionally recorded; a user can customise the program's behaviour by creating the appropriate file in the current or {home directory}. Dot files tend to proliferate - with every nontrivial application program defining at least one, a user's home directory can be filled with scores of dot files, without the user really being aware of it. Common examples are .profile, .cshrc, .login, .emacs, .mailrc, .forward, .newsrc, .plan, .rhosts, .sig, .xsession. See also {profile}, {rc file}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-12-07)
dot notation "networking" {Berkeley Unix} notation for an {Internet address}, consisting of one to four numbers (a "dotted quad") in {hexadecimal} (leading 0x), {octal} (leading 0), or (usually) decimal. It represents a 32-bit address. Each leading number represents eight bits of the address (high byte first) and the last number represents the rest. E.g. address 0x25.32.0xab represents 0x252000ab. By far the most common form is four decimal numbers, e.g. 146.169.22.42. Many programs accept an address in dot notation in place of a {hostname}. (2000-08-10)
DRAGON 1. An {Esprit} project aimed at providing effective support to {reuse} in {real-time} distributed {Ada} {application programs}. 2. An implementation language used by {BTI Computer Systems}. E-mail: Pat Helland "helland@hal.com". [{Jargon File}] (1994-12-08)
dry run "programming" To execute a program by hand, writing values of variables and other run-time data on paper, in order to check its operation and {control flow} or to track down a {bug} (as part of {debugging}). A dry run is an extreme form of {desk check} or {code review} and is practical only for fairly simple programs, small amounts of data and simple external interfaces. It was often performed {off-line} using a {hardcopy} of the {source code}. Dry runs were common practice in the days when access to computers was limited but the availability of {screen editors} and fast {compilers} makes {debugging by printf} a more productive method in most cases. Sophisticated {debuggers} that allow you to get the computer to step through your source code line by line and show values of variables make even this unnecessary. (2006-11-27)
dual boot "operating system" Any system offering the user the choice of two {operation systems} (OSes) under which to start a computer. A dual boot system allows the user to run programs for both operating systems on a single computer (though not simultaneously). The term "multiple boot" or "multiboot" extends the idea to more than two OSes. The OSes are generally unaware of each other's existence. They are installed on separate {hard disk} {partitions} or on separate disks. They may be able to access each other's files, possibly via some extra {driver} software if they use different {file systems}. The OSes need not be completely different - they might be different versions of {Microsoft Windows} (e.g. {Windows XP} and {Windows NT}) or {Linux} (e.g. {Debian} and {Fedora}). A dual boot system differs from an {emulator} such as {vmware}, which runs one or more OSes "on top" of the primary OS, using its resources. (2005-02-01)
DUEL "programming" A {front end} to {gdb} by Michael Golan "mg@cs.princeton.edu". DUEL implements a language designed for {debugging} {C} programs. It features efficient ways to select and display data items. It is normally linked into the gdb executable, but could stand alone. It interprets a subset of {C} in addition to its own language. Version 1.10. {(ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/duel/)}. (1993-03-20)
Dynamically Linked Library "library" (DLL) A {library} which is linked to {application programs} when they are loaded or run rather than as the final phase of {compilation}. This means that the same block of library code can be shared between several {tasks} rather than each task containing copies of the routines it uses. The executable is compiled with a library of "{stubs}" which allow {link errors} to be detected at {compile-time}. Then, at {run time}, either the system {loader} or the task's entry code must arrange for library calls to be patched with the addresses of the real shared library routines, possibly via a {jump table}. The alternative is to make library calls part of the {operating system} {kernel} and enter them via some kind of {trap} instruction. This is generally less efficient than an ordinary {subroutine} call. It is important to ensure that the version of a dynamically linked library is compatible with what the executable expects. Examples of operating systems using dynamic linking are {SunOS} (.so - shared object files), {Microsoft Windows} (.dll) and {RISC OS} on the {Acorn} {Archimedes} (relocatable modules). (1995-12-12)
Dynamic Data Exchange "language" (DDE, originally Dynamic Data Linking, DDL) A {Microsoft Windows} 3 {hotlink} {protocol} that allows {application programs} to communicate using a {client-server} model. Whenever the server (or "publisher") modifies part of a document which is being shared via DDE, one or more clients ("subscribers") are informed and include the modification in the copy of the data on which they are working. (1997-06-05)
dynamic translation "architecture" A {virtual machine} implementation approach, used to speed up execution of {byte-code} programs. To execute a program unit such as a {method} or a {function}, the virtual machine compiles its bytecodes into (hardware) machine code. The translated code is also placed in a cache, so that next time that unit's machine code can be executed immediately, without repeating the translation. This technique was pioneered by the commercial {Smalltalk} implementation currently known as {VisualWorks}, in the early 1980s. Currently it is also used by some implementations of the {Java Virtual Machine} under the name {JIT} (Just In Time compilation). [Peter L. Deutsch and Alan Schiffman. "Efficient Implementation of the Smalltalk-80 System", 11th Annual Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, Jan 1984, pp. 297-302]. (2002-04-15)
EDP auditor "job" A person who analyses system functions and operations to determine adequate security and controls. An EDP analyst evaluates systems and operational procedures and reports findings to senior management. He writes ad hoc report programs using {4GLs} and specialised audit software. (2004-03-11)
eight-bit clean "software" A term which describes a system that deals correctly with extended {character sets} which (unlike ASCII) use all eight {bits} of a {byte}. Many programs and communications systems assume that all characters have codes in the range 0 to 127. This leaves the top bit of each byte free for use as a {parity} bit or some kind of {flag bit}. These assumptions break down when the program is used in some non-english-speaking countries with larger alphabets. If a binary file is transmitted via a communications link which is not eight-bit clean, it will be corrupted. To combat this you can encode it with {uuencode} which uses only {ASCII} characters. There are some links however which are not even "seven-bit clean" and cause problems even for uuencoded data. (1995-01-05)
Electronic Discrete Sequential Automatic Computer "computer, history" (EDSAC, often "Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer") Based upon the {EDVAC} (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) designed in 1945, the EDSAC was completed in 1949 at the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory in England. The EDSAC performed its first calculation on 1949-05-06. EDSAC was considered to be the first computer to store programs. It ceased to exist in about 1951. [What happened to it?] (2010-01-07)
elephantine Used of programs or systems that are both conspicuous {hogs} (owing perhaps to poor design founded on {brute force and ignorance}) and exceedingly {hairy} in source form. An elephantine program may be functional and even friendly, but (as in the old joke about being in bed with an elephant) it's tough to have around all the same (and, like a pachyderm, difficult to maintain). In extreme cases, hackers have been known to make trumpeting sounds or perform expressive proboscatory mime at the mention of the offending program. Usage: semi-humorous. Compare "has the elephant nature" and the somewhat more pejorative monstrosity. See also {second-system effect} and {baroque}. [{Jargon File}]
ELP 1. English Language Programs. Language for testing avionics equipment, on Varian 620/i. "Multiband Automatic test Equipment - A Computer Controlled Checkout System", T. Kuroda et al, Proc SJCC, 38 (1971). 2. Equational Logic Programming. A semantically pure, fully {lazy} language by M.J. O'Donnell "odonnell@cs.uchicago.edu". {Sun and DEC versions (ftp://gargoyle.uchicago.edu/pub/equations/eq4.2.tar.Z)}. ["Equational Logic as a Programming Language", M.J. O'Donnell, MIT Press 1985].
Emacs Lisp "language" A dialect of {Lisp} used to implement the higher layers of the {Free Software Foundation}'s editor, {GNU} {Emacs}. Sometimes abbreviated to "{elisp}". An enormous number of Emacs Lisp packages have been written including modes for editing many programming languages and interfaces to many {Unix} programs.
EML Extended ML. A language for formally specifying {SML} programs. ["Formal Program Development in Extended ML for the Working Programmer", D. Sannella, Proc 3rd BCS/FACS Workshop on Refinement", Springer 1990].
encryption "algorithm, cryptography" Any procedure used in {cryptography} to convert {plaintext} into {ciphertext} (encrypted message) in order to prevent any but the intended recipient from reading that data. Schematically, there are two classes of encryption primitives: {public-key cryptography} and {private-key cryptography}; they are generally used complementarily. Public-key encryption algorithms include {RSA}; private-key algorithms include the obsolescent {Data Encryption Standard}, the {Advanced Encryption Standard}, as well as {RC4}. The {Unix} command {crypt} performs a weak form of encryption. Stronger encryption programs include {Pretty Good Privacy} and the {GNU Privacy Guard}. Other closely related aspects of {cryptograph} include {message digests}. (2003-04-12)
Enterprise Application Integration "software" (EAI) The use of {middleware} to integrate the {application programs}, {databases}, and {legacy systems} involved in an organisation's critical business processes. [Example?] (1999-09-28)
EntireX "operating system" The German company {Software AG}'s implementation of {DCOM} under {Unix} and on {IBM} {mainframes}, released at the end of 1997. EntireX enables users to exchange their {DCOM} components between {Windows 95}, {Windows NT}, {Unix} and {OS/390} and to build {application programs} with components running on any of those {platforms}. {Home (http://softwareag.com/corporat/solutions/entirex/entirex.htm)}. (1999-02-05)
error correcting memory "storage" (ECM) {RAM} using some kind of {error detection and correction} (EDAC) scheme. The two types of memory errors in RAM (especially {DRAM}) are "soft" errors due to radiation-induced bit switching, and "hard" errors due to the unexpected deterioration of a memory chip. Soft errors do not indicate lasting damage to the memory board, but they do corrupt programs or data. Hard errors demand physical repairs. Single bit memory failures are the most common. A hard single bit failure, such as that caused by a completely dead chip can be corrected by EDAC if each chip supplies only one bit of each word. EDAC memory is the most common level of protection for {minicomputers} and {mainframes} whereas the cheaper parity protection is more common in {microcomputers}. [Clearpoint, "The Designer's Guide to Add-In Memory", Third Addition]. (1995-10-10)
Esterel A distributed language for synchronous interaction of {real-time} systems with their environment. Uses explicit timing requests. Esterel programs are compiled into finite {automata}. ["The ESTEREL Programming Language and its Mathematical Semantics", G. Berry & L. Cosserat, TR 327, INRIA, 1984].
event-driven "programming" A kind of program, such as a {graphical user interface}, with a main loop which just waits for {events} to occur. Each event has an associated handler which is passed the details of the event, e.g. mouse button 3 pressed at position (355, 990). For example, {X window system} and most {Visual Basic} {application programs} are event-driven. See also {callback}. (2000-02-09)
executable content "operating system" Executable programs sent by one computer to another via a network. For example a {Java} {applet} is executable content. Usage: rare. (1998-03-23)
expect "language, tool" A {Unix} tool written in {Tcl} and a {script language} for automating the operation of {interactive} applications such as {telnet}, {FTP}, {passwd}, {fsck}, {rlogin}, {tip}, etc.. Expect can feed input to other programs and perform {pattern matching} on their output. It is also useful for testing these applications. By adding {Tk}, you can also wrap interactive applications in {X11} {GUIs}. {(http://expect.nist.gov/)}. ["expect: Scripts for Controlling Interactive Tasks", Don Libes, Comp Sys 4(2), U Cal Press Journals, Nov 1991]. (1997-06-09)
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code "character, standard" /eb's*-dik/, /eb'see`dik/, /eb'k*-dik/, /ee`bik'dik`/, /*-bik'dik`/ (EBCDIC) A proprietary 8-bit {character set} used on {IBM} {dinosaurs}, the {AS/400}, and {e-Server}. EBCDIC is an extension to 8 bits of BCDIC (Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), an earlier 6-bit character set used on IBM computers. EBCDIC was [first?] used on the successful {System/360}, anounced on 1964-04-07, and survived for many years despite the almost universal adoption of {ASCII} elsewhere. Was this concern for {backward compatibility} or, as many believe, a marketing strategy to lock in IBM customers? IBM created 57 national EBCDIC character sets and an International Reference Version (IRV) based on {ISO 646} (and hence ASCII compatible). Documentation on these was not easily accessible making international exchange of data even between IBM mainframes a tricky task. US EBCDIC uses more or less the same characters as {ASCII}, but different {code points}. It has non-contiguous letter sequences, some ASCII characters do not exist in EBCDIC (e.g. {square brackets}), and EBCDIC has some ({cent sign}, {not sign}) not in ASCII. As a consequence, the translation between ASCII and EBCDIC was never officially completely defined. Users defined one translation which resulted in a so-called de-facto EBCDIC containing all the characters of ASCII, that all ASCII-related programs use. Some printers, telex machines, and even electronic cash registers can speak EBCDIC, but only so they can converse with IBM mainframes. For an in-depth discussion of character code sets, and full translation tables, see {Guidelines on 8-bit character codes (ftp://ftp.ulg.ac.be/pub/docs/iso8859/iso8859.networking)}. {A history of character codes (http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/characcodehist.html)}. (2002-03-03)
extended memory "storage" Memory above the first {megabyte} of {address space} in an {IBM PC} with an {80286} or later processor. Extended memory is not directly available in {real mode}, only through {EMS}, {UMB}, {XMS}, or {HMA}; only applications executing in {protected mode} can use extended memory directly. In this case, the extended memory is provided by a supervising {protected-mode} {operating system} such as {Microsoft Windows}. The processor makes this memory available through a system of {global descriptor tables} and {local descriptor tables}. The memory is "protected" in the sense that memory assigned a local descriptor cannot be accessed by another program without causing a hardware {trap}. This prevents programs running in protected mode from interfering with each other's memory. A {protected-mode} {operating system} such as Windows can also run {real-mode} programs and provide {expanded memory} to them. {DOS Protected Mode Interface} is {Microsoft}'s prescribed method for an {MS-DOS} program to access extended memory under a {multitasking} environment. Having extended memory does not necessarily mean that you have more than one megabyte of memory since the reserved memory area may be partially empty. In fact, if your 386 or higher uses extended memory as expanded memory then that part is not in excess of 1Mb. See also {conventional memory}. (1996-01-10)
ezd "graphics, tool" (Easy drawing) A graphics {server} that sits between an {application program} and an {X} server and allows both existing and new programs easy access to structured graphics. Ezd users have been able to have their programs produce interactive drawings within hours of reading the manual page. Ezd supports structured graphics - application defined graphical objects are ordered into drawings by the application. Unlike most X tools, ezd does not require any event handling by the application. The ezd server maintains the window contents. When an event occurs an application supplied {Scheme} expression is evaluated. {(ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/ezd/)}. Contact: Joel Bartlett. (2000-03-25)
feature creature [Possibly from slang "creature feature" for a horror movie] 1. One who loves to add features to designs or programs, perhaps at the expense of coherence, concision or {taste}. 2. Alternately, a mythical being that induces otherwise rational programmers to perpetrate such crocks. See also {feeping creaturism}, {creeping featurism}. [{Jargon File}]
FEL Function Equation Language. Programs are sets of definitions. Sequences are lists stored in consecutive memory. "FEL Programmer's Guide", R. M. Keller, AMPS TR 7, U Utah, March 1982.
fencepost error 1. (Rarely "lamp-post error") A problem with the discrete equivalent of a {boundary condition}, often exhibited in programs by iterative loops. From the following problem: "If you build a fence 100 feet long with posts 10 feet apart, how many posts do you need?" (Either 9 or 11 is a better answer than the obvious 10). For example, suppose you have a long list or array of items, and want to process items m through n; how many items are there? The obvious answer is n - m, but that is off by one; the right answer is n - m + 1. The "obvious" formula exhibits a fencepost error. See also {zeroth} and note that not all {off-by-one errors} are fencepost errors. The game of Musical Chairs involves a catastrophic off-by-one error where N people try to sit in N - 1 chairs, but it's not a fencepost error. Fencepost errors come from counting things rather than the spaces between them, or vice versa, or by neglecting to consider whether one should count one or both ends of a row. 2. (Rare) An error induced by unexpected regularities in input values, which can (for instance) completely thwart a theoretically efficient {binary tree} or {hash coding} implementation. The error here involves the difference between expected and worst case behaviours of an {algorithm}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-12-01)
FFP Formal FP. A language similar to FP, but with regular sugarless {syntax}, for machine execution. See also {FL}. ["Can Programming be Liberated From the von Neumann Style? A Functional Style and Its Algebra of Programs", John Backus, 1977 Turing Award Lecture, CACM 21(8):165-180 (Aug 1978)]. (1994-10-24)
first class module "programming" A {module} that is a {first class data object} of the {programming language}, e.g. a {record} containing {functions}. In a {functional language}, it is standard to have first class programs, so program building blocks can have the same status. {Claus Reinke's Virtual Bookshelf (http://informatik.uni-kiel.de/~cr/bib/bookshelf/Modules.html)}. (2004-01-26)
first generation language Raw {machine code}. When computers were first "programmed" from an input device, rather than by being rewired, they were fed input in the form of numbers, which they then interpreted as commands. This was really low level, and a program fragment might look like "010307 010307". Almost no one programs in machine language anymore, because translators are nearly trivial to write. (1994-12-01)
flarp /flarp/ [Rutgers University] Yet another {metasyntactic variable} (see {foo}). Among those who use it, it is associated with a legend that any program not containing the word "flarp" somewhere will not work. The legend is discreetly silent on the reliability of programs which *do* contain the magic word. [{Jargon File}]
flat file "operating system, storage" A single file containing {flat ASCII} representing or encoding some structure, e.g. a {database}, tree or network. Flat files can be processed with general purpose tools such as {Perl} and {text editors} but are less efficient than {binary files} if they must be {parsed} repeatedly by a program. Flat files are more portable between different {operating systems} and {application programs} than binary files, and are more easily transmitted in {electronic mail}. See also {flatten}, {sharchive}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-01-26)
FLEX "language" 1. {Faster LEX}. 2. A {real-time} language for dynamic environments. ["FLEX: Towards Flexible Real-Time Programs", K. Lin et al, Computer Langs 16(1):65-79, Jan 1991]. 3. An early {object-oriented} language developed for the {FLEX} machine by {Alan Kay} in about 1967. The FLEX language was a simplification of {Simula} and a predecessor of {Smalltalk}. (1995-03-29)
FOCL An {expert system shell} and {backward chaining} rule {interpreter} for the {Macintosh}. {(ftp://ics.uci.edu/pub/machine-learning-programs/KR-FOCL-ES.cpt.hqx)}. E-mail: "pazzani@ics.uci.edu". (1994-12-21)
foo "jargon" /foo/ A sample name for absolutely anything, especially programs and files (especially {scratch files}). First on the standard list of {metasyntactic variables} used in {syntax} examples. See also {bar}, {baz}, {qux}, quux, {corge}, {grault}, {garply}, {waldo}, {fred}, {plugh}, {xyzzy}, {thud}. The etymology of "foo" is obscure. When used in connection with "bar" it is generally traced to the WWII-era Army slang acronym {FUBAR}, later bowdlerised to {foobar}. However, the use of the word "foo" itself has more complicated antecedents, including a long history in comic strips and cartoons. "FOO" often appeared in the "Smokey Stover" comic strip by Bill Holman. This surrealist strip about a fireman appeared in various American comics including "Everybody's" between about 1930 and 1952. FOO was often included on licence plates of cars and in nonsense sayings in the background of some frames such as "He who foos last foos best" or "Many smoke but foo men chew". Allegedly, "FOO" and "BAR" also occurred in Walt Kelly's "Pogo" strips. In the 1938 cartoon "The Daffy Doc", a very early version of Daffy Duck holds up a sign saying "SILENCE IS FOO!". Oddly, this seems to refer to some approving or positive affirmative use of foo. It has been suggested that this might be related to the Chinese word "fu" (sometimes transliterated "foo"), which can mean "happiness" when spoken with the proper tone (the lion-dog guardians flanking the steps of many Chinese restaurants are properly called "fu dogs"). Earlier versions of this entry suggested the possibility that hacker usage actually sprang from "FOO, Lampoons and Parody", the title of a comic book first issued in September 1958, a joint project of Charles and Robert Crumb. Though Robert Crumb (then in his mid-teens) later became one of the most important and influential artists in underground comics, this venture was hardly a success; indeed, the brothers later burned most of the existing copies in disgust. The title FOO was featured in large letters on the front cover. However, very few copies of this comic actually circulated, and students of Crumb's "oeuvre" have established that this title was a reference to the earlier Smokey Stover comics. An old-time member reports that in the 1959 "Dictionary of the TMRC Language", compiled at {TMRC} there was an entry that went something like this: FOO: The first syllable of the sacred chant phrase "FOO MANE PADME HUM." Our first obligation is to keep the foo counters turning. For more about the legendary foo counters, see {TMRC}. Almost the entire staff of what became the {MIT} {AI LAB} was involved with TMRC, and probably picked the word up there. Another correspondant cites the nautical construction "foo-foo" (or "poo-poo"), used to refer to something effeminate or some technical thing whose name has been forgotten, e.g. "foo-foo box", "foo-foo valve". This was common on ships by the early nineteenth century. Very probably, hackish "foo" had no single origin and derives through all these channels from Yiddish "feh" and/or English "fooey". [{Jargon File}] (1998-04-16)
FORTH 1. "language" An interactive extensible language using {postfix syntax} and a data stack, developed by Charles H. Moore in the 1960s. FORTH is highly user-configurable and there are many different implementations, the following description is of a typical default configuration. Forth programs are structured as lists of "words" - FORTH's term which encompasses language keywords, primitives and user-defined {subroutines}. Forth takes the idea of subroutines to an extreme - nearly everything is a subroutine. A word is any string of characters except the separator which defaults to space. Numbers are treated specially. Words are read one at a time from the input stream and either executed immediately ("interpretive execution") or compiled as part of the definition of a new word. The sequential nature of list execution and the implicit use of the data stack (numbers appearing in the lists are pushed to the stack as they are encountered) imply postfix syntax. Although postfix notation is initially difficult, experienced users find it simple and efficient. Words appearing in executable lists may be "{primitives}" (simple {assembly language} operations), names of previously compiled procedures or other special words. A procedure definition is introduced by ":" and ended with ";" and is compiled as it is read. Most Forth dialects include the source language structures BEGIN-AGAIN, BEGIN-WHILE-REPEAT, BEGIN-UNTIL, DO-LOOP, and IF-ELSE-THEN, and others can be added by the user. These are "compiling structures" which may only occur in a procedure definition. FORTH can include in-line {assembly language} between "CODE" and "ENDCODE" or similar constructs. Forth primitives are written entirely in {assembly language}, secondaries contain a mixture. In fact code in-lining is the basis of compilation in some implementations. Once assembled, primitives are used exactly like other words. A significant difference in behaviour can arise, however, from the fact that primitives end with a jump to "NEXT", the entry point of some code called the sequencer, whereas non-primitives end with the address of the "EXIT" primitive. The EXIT code includes the scheduler in some {multi-tasking} systems so a process can be {deschedule}d after executing a non-primitive, but not after a primitive. Forth implementations differ widely. Implementation techniques include {threaded code}, dedicated Forth processors, {macros} at various levels, or interpreters written in another language such as {C}. Some implementations provide {real-time} response, user-defined data structures, {multitasking}, {floating-point} arithmetic, and/or {virtual memory}. Some Forth systems support virtual memory without specific hardware support like {MMUs}. However, Forth virtual memory is usually only a sort of extended data space and does not usually support executable code. FORTH does not distinguish between {operating system} calls and the language. Commands relating to I/O, {file systems} and {virtual memory} are part of the same language as the words for arithmetic, memory access, loops, IF statements, and the user's application. Many Forth systems provide user-declared "vocabularies" which allow the same word to have different meanings in different contexts. Within one vocabulary, re-defining a word causes the previous definition to be hidden from the interpreter (and therefore the compiler), but not from previous definitions. FORTH was first used to guide the telescope at NRAO, Kitt Peak. Moore considered it to be a {fourth-generation language} but his {operating system} wouldn't let him use six letters in a program name, so FOURTH became FORTH. Versions include fig-FORTH, FORTH 79 and FORTH 83. {FAQs (http://complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/faq/faq-general-2.html)}. {ANS Forth standard, dpANS6 (http://taygeta.com/forth/dpans.html)}. FORTH Interest Group, Box 1105, San Carlos CA 94070. See also {51forth}, {F68K}, {cforth}, {E-Forth}, {FORML}, {TILE Forth}. [Leo Brodie, "Starting Forth"]. [Leo Brodie, "Thinking Forth"]. [Jack Woehr, "Forth, the New Model"]. [R.G. Loeliger, "Threaded Interpretive Languages"]. 2. {FOundation for Research and Technology - Hellas}. (1997-04-16)
Fortran 90 (Previously "Fortran 8x" and "Fortran Extended") An extensive enlargement of {Fortran 77}. Fortran 90 has {derived types}, {assumed shape arrays}, {array sections}, functions returning arrays, case statement, {module} subprograms and internal subprograms, optional and keyword subprogram arguments, {recursion}, and {dynamic allocation}. It is defined in ISO 1539:1991, soon to be adopted by {ANSI}. ["Fortran 90 Explained", M. Metcalf et al, Oxford University Press 1990]. (1994-12-16)
FP 1. {functional programming}. 2. {floating-point}. 3. Functional Programming. A {combinator}-based {functional language} by John Backus stressing the use of {higher-order functions}. Implementation by Andy Valencia. {(ftp://apple.com/comp.sources.Unix/volume13)}. See also {FFP}, {FL}, {IFP}, {Berkeley FP}. ["Can Programming be Liberated From the von Neumann Style? A Functional Style and Its Algebra of Programs", John Backus, 1977 Turing Award Lecture, CACM 21(8):165-180 (Aug 1978)]. 4. "programming" {Function Point}. (1995-03-12)
FP/M "programming" An {abstract machine} and intermediate language for {functional languages}, used to implement {Hope}. FP/M is an optimisation of the {SECD machine}. ["The Compilation of FP/M Programs into Conventional Machine Code", A.J. Field, Imperial College, London, 1985]. ["Functional Programming", A.J. Field & P.G. Harrison, A-W 1988]. (1994-10-20)
FreeBSD "operating system" A free {operating system} based on the {BSD 4.4-lite} release from {Computer Systems Research Group} at the {University of California at Berkeley}. FreeBSD requires an {ISA}, {EISA}, {VESA}, or {PCI} based computer with an {Intel 80386SX} to {Pentium} CPU (or compatible {AMD} or {Cyrix} CPU) with 4 megabytes of {RAM} and 60MB of disk space. Some of FreeBSD's features are: {preemptive multitasking} with dynamic priority adjustment to ensure smooth and fair sharing of the computer between applications and users. Multiuser access - {peripherals} such as printers and tape drives can be shared between all users. Complete {TCP/IP} networking including {SLIP}, {PPP}, {NFS} and {NIS}. {Memory protection}, {demand-paged virtual memory} with a merged {VM}/{buffer cache} design. FreeBSD was designed as a {32 bit operating system}. {X Window System} (X11R6) provides a {graphical user interface}. {Binary compatibility} with many programs built for {SCO}, {BSDI}, {NetBSD}, {386BSD}, and {Linux}. Hundreds of ready-to-run applications in the FreeBSD ports collection. FreeBSD is {source code compatible} with most popular commercial {Unix} systems and thus most applications require few, if any, changes to compile. {Shared libraries}. A full compliment of {C}, {C++}, {Fortran} and {Perl} development tools and many other languages. {Source code} for the entire system is available. Extensive on-line documentation. {(http://freebsd.org/)}. {(ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD)} or try your nearest {mirror site} listed at the home site or buy the {CD-ROM} from {Walnut Creek}. (1998-11-24)
fsplit A tool to split up monolithic {Fortran} programs.
functional programming "programming" (FP) A program in a functional language consists of a set of (possibly {recursive}) {function} definitions and an expression whose value is output as the program's result. Functional languages are one kind of {declarative language}. They are mostly based on the {typed lambda-calculus} with constants. There are no {side-effects} to expression evaluation so an expression, e.g. a function applied to certain arguments, will always evaluate to the same value (if its evaluation terminates). Furthermore, an expression can always be replaced by its value without changing the overall result ({referential transparency}). The order of evaluation of subexpressions is determined by the language's {evaluation strategy}. In a {strict} ({call-by-value}) language this will specify that arguments are evaluated before applying a function whereas in a non-strict ({call-by-name}) language arguments are passed unevaluated. Programs written in a functional language are generally compact and elegant, but have tended, until recently, to run slowly and require a lot of memory. Examples of purely functional languages are {Clean}, {FP}, {Haskell}, {Hope}, {Joy}, {LML}, {Miranda}, and {SML}. Many other languages such as {Lisp} have a subset which is purely functional but also contain non-functional constructs. See also {lazy evaluation}, {reduction}. {Lecture notes (ftp://ftp.cs.olemiss.edu/pub/tech-reports/umcis-1995-01.ps)}. or the same {in dvi-format (ftp://ftp.cs.olemiss.edu/pub/tech-reports/umcis-1995-01.dvi)}. {FAQ (http://cs.nott.ac.uk/Department/Staff/gmh/faq.html)}. {SEL-HPC Article Archive (http://lpac.ac.uk/SEL-HPC/Articles/)}. (2003-03-25)
Gaelic For automated test programs. Used in military, essentially replaced by ATLAS.
GDB "programming, tool" {GNU} debugger. The {FSF}'s {source-level debugger} for {C}, {C++} and other languages. Developed by many people but most recently Fred Fish "fnf@cygnus.com", Stu Grossman "grossman@cygnus.com" and {John Gilmore} "gnu@cygnus.com" all of {Cygnus} Support. GDB fills the same niche as {dbx}. Programs must be compiled to include debugging symbols. Version 4.11. Distributed under {GNU} {CopyLeft}. It runs on most {Unix} variants, {VMS}, {VXWorks}, {Amiga} and {MS-DOS}. FTP gdb-*.tar.[zZ] from a {GNU archive site}. E-mail: "bug-gdb@gnu.org" (bug reports). (1993-10-29)
General Public License "legal" (GPL, note US spelling) The licence applied to most {software} from the {Free Software Foundation} and the {GNU} project and other authors who choose to use it. The licences for most software are designed to prevent users from sharing or changing it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee the freedom to share and change {free software} - to make sure the software is free for all its users. The GPL is designed to make sure that anyone can distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if they wish); that they receive source code or can get it if they want; that they can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that they know they can do these things. The GPL forbids anyone to deny others these rights or to ask them to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for those who distribute copies of the software or modify it. See also {General Public Virus}. (1994-10-27)
General Public Virus "software, legal" A pejorative name for some versions of the {GNU} project {copyleft} or {General Public License} (GPL), which requires that any tools or {application programs} incorporating copylefted code must be source-distributed on the same terms as GNU code. Thus it is alleged that the copyleft "infects" software generated with GNU tools, which may in turn infect other software that reuses any of its code. {Copyright} law limits the scope of the GPL to "programs textually incorporating significant amounts of GNU code" so GPL is only passed on if actual GNU source is transmitted. This used to be the case with the {Bison} {parser} skeleton until its licence was fixed. {(http://org.gnu.de/manual/bison/html_chapter/bison_2.html
generic programming "programming" A programming technique which aims to make programs more adaptable by making them more general. Generic programs often embody non-traditional kinds of {polymorphism}; ordinary programs are obtained from them by suitably instantiating their parameters. In contrast with normal programs, the parameters of a generic programs are often quite rich in structure. For example they may be other programs, {types} or {type constructors} or even programming {paradigms}. (1997-11-22)
genetic programming "programming" (GP) A programming technique which extends the {genetic algorithm} to the domain of whole computer programs. In GP, populations of programs are genetically bred to solve problems. Genetic programming can solve problems of system identification, classification, control, robotics, optimisation, game playing, and {pattern recognition}. Starting with a primordial ooze of hundreds or thousands of randomly created programs composed of functions and terminals appropriate to the problem, the population is progressively evolved over a series of generations by applying the operations of Darwinian fitness proportionate reproduction and crossover (sexual recombination). (1995-03-31)
Glish Glish is an interpretive language for building loosely-coupled distributed systems from modular, event-oriented programs. Written by Vern Paxson "vern@ee.lbl.gov". These programs are written in conventional languages such as C, C++, or Fortran. Glish scripts can create local and remote processes and control their communication. Glish also provides a full, array-oriented programming language (similar to {S}) for manipulating binary data sent between the processes. In general Glish uses a centralised communication model where interprocess communication passes through the Glish {interpreter}, allowing dynamic modification and rerouting of data values, but Glish also supports point-to-point links between processes when necessary for high performance. Version 2.4.1 includes an {interpreter}, {C++} {class} library and user manual. It requires C++ and there are ports to {SunOS}, {Ultrix}, an {HP/UX} (rusty). {(ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/glish/glish-2.4.1.tar.Z)}. ["Glish: A User-Level Software Bus for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems," Vern Paxson and Chris Saltmarsh, Proceedings of the 1993 Winter USENIX Conference, San Diego, CA, January, 1993]. (1993-11-01)
glue language "language" Any language, usually a {scripting language}, used to write {glue} to integrate tools and other programs to solve some problem. (1999-02-22)
GNU E A persistent C++ variant Version 2.3.3 compiler {(ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/exodus/E/)}. GNU E is a persistent, object oriented programming language developed as part of the Exodus project. GNU E extends C++ with the notion of persistent data, program level data objects that can be transparently used across multiple executions of a program, or multiple programs, without explicit input and output operations. GNU E's form of {persistence} is based on extensions to the C++ type system to distinguish potentially persistent data objects from objects that are always memory resident. An object is made persistent either by its declaration (via a new "persistent" storage class qualifier) or by its method of allocation (via persistent dynamic allocation using a special overloading of the new operator). The underlying object storage system is the Exodus storage manager, which provides concurrency control and recovery in addition to storage for persistent data. restriction: Copyleft; not all run-time sources are available (yet) requires: release 2.1.1 of the Exodus storage manager E-mail: "exodus@cs.wisc.edu". (1993-01-20)
GNU Free Documentation License "legal" (GFDL) The {Free Software Foundation}'s license designed to ensure the same freedoms for {documentation} that the {GPL} gives to {software}. This dictionary is distributed under the GFDL, see the copyright notice in the {Free On-line Dictionary of Computing} section (at the start of the source file). The full text follows. Version 1.1, March 2000 Copyright 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 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TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See {here (http://gnu.org/copyleft/)}. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. End of full text of GFDL. (2002-03-09)
Goedel "language" (After the mathematician {Kurt Gödel}) A {declarative}, general-purpose language for {artificial intelligence} based on {logic programming}. It can be regarded as a successor to {Prolog}. The {type system} is based on {many-sorted logic} with {parametric polymorphism}. Modularity is supported, as well as {infinite precision arithmetic} and {finite sets}. Goedel has a rich collection of system {modules} and provides {constraint} solving in several domains. It also offers {metalogical} facilities that provide significant support for {metaprograms} that do analysis, transformation, compilation, verification, and debugging. A significant subset of Goedel has been implemented on top of {SISCtus Prolog} by Jiwei Wang "jiwei@lapu.bristol.ac.uk". {FTP Bristol, UK (ftp://ftp.cs.bris.ac.uk/goedel)}, {FTP K U Leuven (ftp://ftp.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/logic-prgm/goedel)}. E-mail: "goedel@compsci.bristol.ac.uk". (1995-05-02)
grind crank A mythical accessory to a {terminal}. A crank on the side of a monitor, which when operated makes a zizzing noise and causes the computer to run faster. Usually one does not refer to a grind crank out loud, but merely makes the appropriate gesture and noise. See {grind}. Historical note: At least one real machine actually had a grind crank - the R1, a research machine built toward the end of the days of the great vacuum tube computers, in 1959. R1 (also known as "The Rice Institute Computer" (TRIC) and later as "The Rice University Computer" (TRUC)) had a {single-step}/free-run switch for use when debugging programs. Since single-stepping through a large program was rather tedious, there was also a crank with a cam and gear arrangement that repeatedly pushed the single-step button. This allowed one to "crank" through a lot of code, then slow down to single-step for a bit when you got near the code of interest, poke at some registers using the console typewriter, and then keep on cranking. [{Jargon File}]
grok /grok/, /grohk/ (From the novel "Stranger in a Strange Land", by Robert A. Heinlein, where it is a Martian word meaning literally "to drink" and metaphorically "to be one with") 1. To understand, usually in a global sense. Connotes intimate and exhaustive knowledge. Contrast {zen}, which is similar supernal understanding experienced as a single brief flash. See also {glark}. 2. Used of programs, may connote merely sufficient understanding. "Almost all C compilers grok the "void" type these days." [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-31)
hacked up "jargon, programming" Sufficiently {patched}, {kluge}d, and {tweaked} that the surgical scars are beginning to crowd out normal tissue (compare {critical mass}). Not all programs that are hacked become "hacked up"; if modifications are done with some eye to coherence and continued maintainability, the software may emerge better for the experience. Contrast {hack up}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-08-26)
hacker "person, jargon" (Originally, someone who makes furniture with an axe) 1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. 2. One who programs enthusiastically (even obsessively) or who enjoys programming rather than just theorizing about programming. 3. A person capable of appreciating {hack value}. 4. A person who is good at programming quickly. 5. An expert at a particular program, or one who frequently does work using it or on it; as in "a {Unix} hacker". (Definitions 1 through 5 are correlated, and people who fit them congregate.) 6. An expert or enthusiast of any kind. One might be an astronomy hacker, for example. 7. One who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming or circumventing limitations. 8. (Deprecated) A malicious meddler who tries to discover sensitive information by poking around. Hence "password hacker", "network hacker". The correct term is {cracker}. The term "hacker" also tends to connote membership in the global community defined by the net (see {The Network} and {Internet address}). It also implies that the person described is seen to subscribe to some version of the {hacker ethic}. It is better to be described as a hacker by others than to describe oneself that way. Hackers consider themselves something of an elite (a meritocracy based on ability), though one to which new members are gladly welcome. Thus while it is gratifying to be called a hacker, false claimants to the title are quickly labelled as "bogus" or a "{wannabee}". 9. (University of Maryland, rare) A programmer who does not understand proper programming techniques and principles and doesn't have a Computer Science degree. Someone who just bangs on the keyboard until something happens. For example, "This program is nothing but {spaghetti code}. It must have been written by a hacker". [{Jargon File}] (1996-08-26)
Handel "language" An {imperative language} with {primitives} for controlling {parallel programs}. Used by Wayne Luk for work in compilation of programs to hardware ({FPGAs}). (1995-02-28)
handshaking 1. Predetermined hardware or software activity designed to establish or maintain two machines or programs in synchronisation. Handshaking often concerns the exchange of messages or {packets} of data between two systems with limited {buffers}. A simple handshaking {protocol} might only involve the receiver sending a message meaning "I received your last message and I am ready for you to send me another one." A more complex handshaking {protocol} might allow the sender to ask the receiver if he is ready to receive or for the receiver to reply with a negative acknowledgement meaning "I did not receive your last message correctly, please resend it" (e.g. if the data was corrupted en route). {Hardware handshaking} uses voltage levels or pulses on wires to carry the handshaking signals whereas {software handshaking} uses data units (e.g. {ASCII} characters) carried by some underlying communication medium. {Flow control} in bit-serial data transmission such as {EIA-232} may use either hardware or software handshaking. 2. The method used by two {modems} to establish contact with each other and to agreee on {baud rate}, {error correction} and {compression} {protocols}. 3. The exchange of predetermined signals between agents connected by a communications channel to assure each that it is connected to the other (and not to an imposter). This may also include the use of passwords and codes by an operator. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-13)
HCPRVR "HCPRVR: An Interpreter for Logic Programs", D. Chester in Proc First Natl Conf on AI, Stanford, 1980.
Hermes "language" An experimental, very high level, integrated language and system from the {IBM} {Watson Research Centre}, produced in June 1990. It is designed for implementation of large systems and distributed applications, as well as for general-purpose programming. It is an {imperative language}, {strongly typed} and is a {process-oriented} successor to {NIL}. Hermes hides distribution and heterogeneity from the programmer. The programmer sees a single {abstract machine} containing processes that communicate using calls or sends. The {compiler}, not the programmer, deals with the complexity of data structure layout, local and remote communication, and interaction with the {operating system}. As a result, Hermes programs are portable and easy to write. Because the programming paradigm is simple and high level, there are many opportunities for optimisation which are not present in languages which give the programmer more direct control over the machine. Hermes features {threads}, {relational tables}Hermes is, {typestate} checking, {capability}-based access and {dynamic configuration}. Version 0.8alpha patchlevel 01 runs on {RS/6000}, {Sun-4}, {NeXT}, {IBM-RT}/{BSD4.3} and includes a {bytecode compiler}, a bytecode-"C compiler and {run-time support}. {0.7alpha for Unix (ftp://software.watson.ibm.com/pub/hermes)}. E-mail: "hermes-request@watson.ibm.com", Andy Lowry "lowry@watson.ibm.com". {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.hermes}. ["Hermes: A Language for Distributed Computing". Strom, Bacon, Goldberg, Lowry, Yellin, Yemini. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1991. ISBN: O-13-389537-8]. (1992-03-22)
hexadecimal "mathematics" (Or "hex") {Base} 16. A number representation using the digits 0-9, with their usual meaning, plus the letters A-F (or a-f) to represent hexadecimal digits with values of (decimal) 10 to 15. The right-most digit counts ones, the next counts multiples of 16, then 16^2 = 256, etc. For example, hexadecimal BEAD is decimal 48813: digit weight value B = 11 16^3 = 4096 11*4096 = 45056 E = 14 16^2 = 256 14* 256 = 3584 A = 10 16^1 = 16 10* 16 = 160 D = 13 16^0 = 1 13* 1 = 13 ----- BEAD = 48813 There are many conventions for distinguishing hexadecimal numbers from decimal or other bases in programs. In {C} for example, the prefix "0x" is used, e.g. 0x694A11. Hexadecimal is more succinct than {binary} for representing {bit-masks}, machines addresses, and other low-level constants but it is still reasonably easy to split a hex number into different bit positions, e.g. the top 16 bits of a 32-bit word are the first four hex digits. The term was coined in the early 1960s to replace earlier "sexadecimal", which was too racy and amusing for stuffy {IBM}, and later adopted by the rest of the industry. Actually, neither term is etymologically pure. If we take "binary" to be paradigmatic, the most etymologically correct term for base ten, for example, is "denary", which comes from "deni" (ten at a time, ten each), a Latin "distributive" number; the corresponding term for base sixteen would be something like "sendenary". "Decimal" is from an ordinal number; the corresponding prefix for six would imply something like "sextidecimal". The "sexa-" prefix is Latin but incorrect in this context, and "hexa-" is Greek. The word {octal} is similarly incorrect; a correct form would be "octaval" (to go with decimal), or "octonary" (to go with binary). If anyone ever implements a base three computer, computer scientists will be faced with the unprecedented dilemma of a choice between two *correct* forms; both "ternary" and "trinary" have a claim to this throne. [{Jargon File}] (1996-03-09)
hidden flag (scientific computation) An extra option added to a routine without changing the calling sequence. For example, instead of adding an explicit input variable to instruct a routine to give extra diagnostic output, the programmer might just add a test for some otherwise meaningless feature of the existing inputs, such as a negative mass. The use of hidden flags can make a program very hard to debug and understand, but is all too common wherever programs are hacked in a hurry. [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-24)
high memory area "storage" (HMA) The first 64 {kilobytes} (minus 16 byte) of the {extended memory} on an {IBM PC}. By a strange design glitch the {Intel 80x86} processors can actually address 17*64 kbyte minus 16 byte of memory (from 0000:0000 to ffff:ffff) in real mode. In the {Intel 8086} and {Intel 8088} processors, unable to handle more than 1 {megabyte} of memory, addressing wrapped around, that is, address ffff:0010 was equivalent to 0000:0000. For compatibility reasons, later processors still wrapped around by default, but this feature could be switched off. Special programs called {A20 handlers} can control the addressing mode dynamically, thereby allowing programs to load themselves into the 1024--1088 kbyte region and run in {real mode}. From version 5.0 parts of {MS-DOS} can be loaded into HMA as well freeing up to 46 kbytes of {conventional memory}. (1995-01-10)
hog "jargon" A term used to describe programs, hardware or people that use more than their share of a system's resources, especially those which noticeably degrade interactive response. The term is usually qualified, e.g. "memory hog", "core hog", "hog the processor", "hog the disk". E.g. "A {controller} that never gives up the {I/O bus} gets killed after the bus-hog timer expires." User also hog resources, particularly disk, where it seems that 10% of the people use 90% of the disk, no matter how big the disk is or how many people use it. Once a disk hog fills up one file system, he typically finds a new one to consume, claiming to the sysadmin that they have an important new project to complete. (2014-08-16)
HotJava "web" A modular, extensible {web} {browser} from {Sun Microsystems} that can execute programs written in the {Java} programming language. These programs, known as "{applets}", can be included (like images) in {HTML} pages. Because Java programs are compiled into machine independent {bytecodes}, applets can run on any {platform} on which HotJava runs - currently (December 1995) {SPARC}/{Solaris} 2 and {Intel 80x86}/{Windows 95}, {Windows NT}. {(http://java.sun.com/hotjava.html)}. (1995-12-10)
hotlink A mechanism for sharing data between two {application programs} where changes to the data made by one application appear instantly in the other's copy. Under {System 7} on the {Macintosh} the users establishes a hotlink by doing a "Create Publisher" on the server and "Subscribe" on the client. Under {Windows 3} it's "Cut Special"(?) and "Paste Special" (as opposed to the normal Cut and Paste). (1995-02-16)
hot spot 1. (primarily used by {C}/{Unix} programmers, but spreading) It is received wisdom that in most programs, less than 10% of the code eats 90% of the execution time; if one were to graph instruction visits versus code addresses, one would typically see a few huge spikes amidst a lot of low-level noise. Such spikes are called "hot spots" and are good candidates for heavy optimisation or {hand-hacking}. The term is especially used of tight loops and recursions in the code's central algorithm, as opposed to (say) initial set-up costs or large but infrequent I/O operations. See {tune}, {bum}, {hand-hacking}. 2. The active location of a cursor on a bit-map display. "Put the mouse's hot spot on the "ON" widget and click the left button." 3. A screen region that is sensitive to mouse clicks, which trigger some action. {Hypertext} help screens are an example, in which a hot spot exists in the vicinity of any word for which additional material is available. 4. In a {massively parallel} computer with {shared memory}, the one location that all 10,000 processors are trying to read or write at once (perhaps because they are all doing a {busy-wait} on the same lock). 5. More generally, any place in a hardware design that turns into a performance {bottleneck} due to resource contention. 6. {wireless hotspot}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-16)
huff "compression" To compress data using {Huffman coding}. Various programs that use such methods have been called "HUFF" or some variant thereof. Opposite: {puff}. Compare {crunch}, {compress}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-12-23)
humma "chat" A filler word used on various "chat" and "talk" programs when you had nothing to say but felt that it was important to say something. The word apparently originated (at least with this definition) on the MECC Timeshare System (MTS, a now-defunct educational {time-sharing} system running in Minnesota during the 1970s and the early 1980s) but was later sighted on early Unix systems. [{Jargon File}] (1999-02-27)
Hungarian Notation "language, convention" A linguistic convention requiring one or more letters to be added to the start of {variable} names to denote {scope} and/or {type}. Hungarian Notation is mainly confined to {Microsoft Windows} programming environments, such as Microsoft {C}, {C++} and {Visual Basic}. It was originally devised by {Charles Simonyi}, a Hungarian, who was a senior programmer at {Microsoft} for many years. He disliked the way that names in C programs gave no clue as to the type, leading to frequent programmer errors. According to legend, fellow programmers at Microsoft, on seeing the convoluted, vowel-less variable names produced by his scheme, said, "This might as well be in Greek - or even Hungarian!". They made up the name "Hungarian notation" (possibly with "{reverse Polish notation}" in mind). Hungarian Notation is not really necessary when using a modern {strongly-typed language} as the {compiler} warns the programmer if a variable of one type is used as if it were another type. It is less useful in {object-oriented programming} languages such as {C++}, where many variables are going to be instances of {classes} and so begin with "obj". In addition, variable names are essentially only {comments}, and thus are just as susceptible to becoming out-of-date and incorrect as any other comment. For example, if a {signed} {short} {int} becomes an unsigned {long} int, the variable name, and every use of it, should be changed to reflect its new type. A variable's name should describe the values it holds. Type and scope are aspects of this, but Hungarian Notation overemphasises their importance by allocating so much of the start of the name to them. Furthermore, type and scope information can be found from the variable's declaration. Ironically, this is particularly easy in the development environments in which Hungarian Notation is typically used. {Simonyi's original monograph (http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/techart/hunganotat.htm)}. {Microsoft VB Naming Conventions (http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q110/2/64.asp)}. (2003-09-11)
Hungry ViewKit "operating system, library" A {C++} {class} library for developing {Motif} {application programs} (although this restriction will be lifted once {LessTif} is finished). It follows the {API} of the {Iris}(tm) {ViewKit}, put out by {SGI}. The Hungry ViewKit is a superset of the Iris ViewKit, so any code developed for the Iris version will work with the Hungry version, but possibly not vice versa. {(http://hungry.com/products/viewkit/)}. (1995-03-20)
HyperTalk A verbose semicompiled language by Bill Atkinson and Dan Winkler, with loose {syntax} and high readability. HyperTalk uses {HyperCard} as an object management system, development environment and interface builder. Programs are organised into "stacks" of "cards", each of which may have "buttons" and "fields". All data storage is in zero-terminated strings in fields, local, or global variables; all data references are through "chunk expressions" of the form: 'last item of background field "Name List" of card ID 34217'. Flow of control is {event-driven} and uses message-passing among scripts that are attached to stack, background, card, field and button objects. {Apple Computer} has taken back distribution and maintenance of HyperCard from {Claris} Corporation ["HyperTalk Language Reference Manual", A-W 1988]. (1994-11-17)
IBM 701 "computer" ("Defense Calculator") The first of the {IBM 700 series} of computers. The IBM 701 was annouced internally on 1952-04-29 as "the most advanced, most flexible high-speed computer in the world". Known as the Defense Calculator while in development at {IBM Poughkeepsie Laboratory}, it went public on 1953-04-07 as the "IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machines" (plural because it consisted of eleven connected units). The 701 was the first IBM large-scale electronic computer manufactured in quantity and their first commercial {scientific computer}. It was the first IBM machine in which programs were stored in an internal, addressable, electronic memory. It was developed and produced in less than two years from "first pencil on paper" to installation. It was key to IBM's transition from {punched card} machines to electronic computers. It consisted of four {magnetic tape drives}, a {magnetic drum} memory unit, a {cathode-ray tube storage unit}, an L-shaped {arithmetic and control unit} with an operator's panel, a {punched card {reader}, a printer, a card punch and three power units. It performed more than 16,000 additions or subtractions per second, read 12,500 digits a second from tape, print 180 letters or numbers a second and output 400 digits a second from punched-cards. The IBM 701 ran the following languages and systems: {BACAIC}, {BAP}, {DOUGLAS}, {DUAL-607}, {FLOP}, {GEPURS}, {JCS-13}, {KOMPILER}, {LT-2}, {PACT I}, {QUEASY}, {QUICK}, {SEESAW}, {SHACO}, {SO 2}, {Speedcoding}, {SPEEDEX}. {IBM History (http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/701/701_intro.html)}. (2005-06-20)
IBM PC "computer" International Business Machines Personal Computer. IBM PCs and compatible models from other vendors are the most widely used computer systems in the world. They are typically single user {personal computers}, although they have been adapted into multi-user models for special applications. Note: "IBM PC" is used in this dictionary to denote IBM and compatible personal computers, and to distinguish these from other {personal computers}, though the phrase "PC" is often used elsewhere, by those who know no better, to mean "IBM PC or compatible". There are hundreds of models of IBM compatible computers. They are based on {Intel}'s {microprocessors}: {Intel 8086}, {Intel 8088}, {Intel 80286}, {Intel 80386}, {Intel 486} or {Pentium}. The models of IBM's first-generation Personal Computer (PC) series have names: IBM PC, {IBM PC XT}, {IBM PC AT}, Convertible and Portable. The models of its second generation, the Personal System/2 ({PS/2}), are known by model number: Model 25, Model 30. Within each series, the models are also commonly referenced by their {CPU} {clock rate}. All IBM personal computers are software compatible with each other in general, but not every program will work in every machine. Some programs are time sensitive to a particular speed class. Older programs will not take advantage of newer higher-resolution {display standards}. The speed of the {CPU} ({microprocessor}) is the most significant factor in machine performance. It is determined by its {clock rate} and the number of bits it can process internally. It is also determined by the number of bits it transfers across its {data bus}. The second major performance factor is the speed of the {hard disk}. {CAD} and other graphics-intensive {application programs} can be sped up with the addition of a mathematics {coprocessor}, a chip which plugs into a special socket available in almost all machines. {Intel 8086} and {Intel 8088}-based PCs require {EMS} (expanded memory) boards to work with more than one megabyte of memory. All these machines run under {MS-DOS}. The original {IBM PC AT} used an {Intel 80286} processor which can access up to 16 megabytes of memory (though standard {MS-DOS} applications cannot use more than one megabyte without {EMS}). {Intel 80286}-based computers running under {OS/2} can work with the maximum memory. Although IBM sells {printers} for PCs, most printers will work with them. As with display hardware, the software vendor must support a wide variety of printers. Each program must be installed with the appropriate {printer driver}. The original 1981 IBM PC's keyboard was severely criticised by typists for its non-standard placement of the return and left shift keys. In 1984, IBM corrected this on its AT keyboard, but shortened the backspace key, making it harder to reach. In 1987, it introduced its Enhanced keyboard, which relocated all the function keys and placed the control key in an awkward location for touch typists. The escape key was relocated to the opposite side of the keyboard. By relocating the function keys, IBM made it impossible for software vendors to use them intelligently. What's easy to reach on one keyboard is difficult on the other, and vice versa. To the touch typist, these deficiencies are maddening. An "IBM PC compatible" may have a keyboard which does not recognize every key combination a true IBM PC does, e.g. shifted cursor keys. In addition, the "compatible" vendors sometimes use proprietary keyboard interfaces, preventing you from replacing the keyboard. The 1981 PC had 360K {floppy disks}. In 1984, IBM introduced the 1.2 megabyte floppy disk along with its AT model. Although often used as {backup} storage, the high density floppy is not often used for interchangeability. In 1986, IBM introduced the 720K 3.5" microfloppy disk on its Convertible {laptop computer}. It introduced the 1.44 megabyte double density version with the PS/2 line. These disk drives can be added to existing PCs. Fixed, non-removable, {hard disks} for IBM compatibles are available with storage capacities from 20 to over 600 megabytes. If a hard disk is added that is not compatible with the existing {disk controller}, a new controller board must be plugged in. However, one disk's internal standard does not conflict with another, since all programs and data must be copied onto it to begin with. Removable hard disks that hold at least 20 megabytes are also available. When a new peripheral device, such as a {monitor} or {scanner}, is added to an IBM compatible, a corresponding, new controller board must be plugged into an {expansion slot} (in the bus) in order to electronically control its operation. The PC and XT had eight-bit busses; the AT had a 16-bit bus. 16-bit boards will not fit into 8-bit slots, but 8-bit boards will fit into 16-bit slots. {Intel 80286} and {Intel 80386} computers provide both 8-bit and 16-bit slots, while the 386s also have proprietary 32-bit memory slots. The bus in high-end models of the PS/2 line is called "{Micro Channel}". {EISA} is a non-IBM rival to Micro Channel. The original IBM PC came with {BASIC} in {ROM}. Later, Basic and BasicA were distributed on floppy but ran and referenced routines in ROM. IBM PC and PS/2 models PC range Intro CPU Features PC Aug 1981 8088 Floppy disk system XT Mar 1983 8088 Slow hard disk XT/370 Oct 1983 8088 IBM 370 mainframe emulation 3270 PC Oct 1983 8088 with 3270 terminal emulation PCjr Nov 1983 8088 Floppy-based home computer PC Portable Feb 1984 8088 Floppy-based portable AT Aug 1984 286 Medium-speed hard disk Convertible Apr 1986 8088 Microfloppy laptop portable XT 286 Sep 1986 286 Slow hard disk PS/2 range Intro CPU Features Model 1987-08-25 8086 PC bus (limited expansion) Model 1987-04-30 8086 PC bus Model 30 1988-09-286 286 PC bus Model 1987-04-50 286 Micro Channel bus Model 50Z Jun 1988 286 Faster Model 50 Model 55 SX May 1989 386SX Micro Channel bus Model 1987-04-60 286 Micro Channel bus Model 1988-06-70 386 Desktop, Micro Channel bus Model P1989-05-70 386 Portable, Micro Channel bus Model 1987-04-80 386 Tower, Micro Channel bus IBM PC compatible specifications CPU CPU Clock Bus Floppy Hard bus speed width RAM disk disk OS bit Mhz bit byte inch byte Mbyte 8088 16 4.8-9.5 8 1M* 5.25 360K 10-40 DOS 3.5 720K 3.5 1.44M 8086 16 6-12 16 1M* 20-60 286 16 6-25 16 1-8M* 5.25 360K 20-300 DOS 5.25 1.2M OS/2 386 32 16-33 32 1-16M** 3.5 720K Unix 3.5 1.44M 40-600 386SX 32 16-33 16 1-16M** 40-600 *Under DOS, RAM is expanded beyond 1M with EMS memory boards **Under DOS, RAM is expanded beyond 1M with normal "extended" memory and a memory management program. See also {BIOS}, {display standard}. (1995-05-12)
IBM PCjr "computer" ({IBM PC} Junior) A {floppy disk}-based home computer with an {Intel 8088} {CPU} and a {chiclet keyboard}, released in November 1983. The PCjr could be expanded to have two floppy drives and 640 kilobytes of {RAM} using {sidecars}. Some even had a {mouse} and could run drawing programs with {popup menus}. (1995-10-06)
IBM System/36 "computer" A mid-range {computer} introduced in 1983, which remained popular in the 1990s because of its low cost and high performance. Prices started in the $20k range for the small 5362 to $100+k for the expanded 5360. In 1994, IBM introduced the Advanced 36 for $9,000. The largest 5360 had 7MB of {RAM} and 1432MB of {hard disk}. The smallest 5362 had 256K of RAM and 30MB of hard disk. The Advanced 36 had 64MB of RAM and 4300MB of hard disk, but design issues limit the amount of storage that can actually be addressed by the {operating system}; underlying {microcode} allowed additional RAM to cache disk reads and writes, allowing the Advanced 36 to outperform the S/36 by 600 to 800%. There was only one operating system for the S/36: SSP ({System Support Product}). SSP consumed about 7-10MB of hard drive space. Computer programs on the S/36 reside in "libraries," and the SSP itself resides in a special system library called
Iburg A program by Christopher W. Fraser "cwf@research.att.com", David R. Hanson "drh@princeton.edu" and Todd A. Proebsting "todd@cs.arizona.edu" that generates a fast tree parser. Iburg is compatible with {Burg}. Both programs accept a cost-augmented tree {grammar} and emit a {C} program that discovers an optimal parse of trees in the language described by the grammar. They have been used to construct fast optimal instruction selectors for use in code generation. Burg uses {BURS}. Iburg's matchers do {dynamic programming} at compile time. {(ftp://ftp.cs.princeton.edu/pub/iburg.tar.Z)}. (1993-02-10)
IGU "chat" I Give Up. Often found appended to documents, e-mail, programs that don't work, etc. (1999-09-30)
inetd "networking, tool" Berkeley daemon program that listens for connection requests or messages for certain ports and starts server programs to perform the services associated with those ports. Sometimes known as netd. {Unix manual page}: inetd(8). (1995-03-20)
Insignia Solutions, Inc. "company" /in-sig'nee-* s*-loosh'nz/ A company that made its name as a provider of software that allows users to run {Microsoft Windows} and {MS-DOS} {application programs} on {Digital}, {HP}, {IBM}, {Motorola}, {NeXT}, {Silicon Graphics} and {Sun}/{SPARC} {workstations}, {X terminals}, {Java} desktops, and {Apple Computer}'s {Power Mac} and {Motorola 68000}-based computers. Insignia Solutions was founded in 1986. Their first product, {SoftPC} 1.0 for Sun workstations, was introduced in 1988. Also in 1988, Insignia shipped its first version of SoftPC for Apple Computer's Macintosh. As the demand to run Windows and MS-DOS applications on non-Intel computers grew, Insignia signed {OEM} agreements with several companies including {Data General}, Digital, {Fujitsu}, HP, {Intergraph Corp.}, Motorola, Silicon Graphics, and Sun Microsystems. Insignia Solutions sold its {SoftWindows} and {RealPC} product lines to {FWB Software} [when?]. Its major product in 2000 is the {Jeode} platform, a {Java virtual machine} for {Internet appliances} and {embedded} devices. {Home Page (http://insignia.com/)}. (2000-02-14)
installable file system "operating system" (IFS or "File System Driver", "FSD") An {API} that allows you to extend {OS/2} to access files stored on disk in formats other than {FAT} and {HPFS}, and access files that are stored on a {network file server}. For example an IFS could provide programs running under OS/2 (including DOS and Windows programs) with access to files stored under {Unix} using the {Berkeley fast file system}. The other variety of IFS (a "remote file system" or "redirector") allows file sharing over a {LAN}, e.g. using Unix's {Network File System} {protocol}. In this case, the IFS passes a program's file access requests to a remote file server, possibly also translating between different file attributes used by OS/2 and the remote system. Documentation on the IFS API has been available only by special request from IBM. An IFS is structured as an ordinary 16-bit {DLL} with entry points for opening, closing, reading, and writing files, the swapper, file locking, and {Universal Naming Convention}. The main part of an IFS that runs in {ring} 0 is called by the OS/2 {kernel} in the context of the caller's process and {thread}. The other part that runs in ring 3 is a utility library with entry points for FORMAT, RECOVER, SYS, and CHKDSK. {EDM/2 article (http://edm2.com/0103/)}. (1999-04-07)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) The world's largest technical professional society, based in the USA. Founded in 1884 by a handful of practitioners of the new electrical engineering discipline, today's Institute has more than 320,000 members who participate in its activities in 147 countries. The IEEE sponsors technical conferences, symposia and local meetings worldwide, publishes nearly 25% of the world's technical papers in electrical, electronics and computer engineering and computer science, provides educational programs for its members and promotes standardisation. Areas covered include aerospace, computers and communications, biomedical technology, electric power and consumer electronics. {(http://ieee.org/)}. {Gopher (gopher://gopher.ieee.org/)}. {(ftp://ftp.ieee.org/)}. E-mail file-server: "fileserver-help@info.ieee.org". { IEEE Standards Process Automation (SPA) System (http://stdsbbs.ieee.org/)}, {telnet (telnet:stdsbbs.ieee.org)} [140.98.1.11]. (1995-03-10)
Intel 80386 "processor" (Commonly abbreviated to "386", trademark "Intel386") The successor to the {Intel 80286} {microprocessor}. It was the first Intel processor with 32-bit data and address {buss}es. It can address four {gigabytes} (2^32 bytes) of memory; however, 16 megabytes is a typical maximum in {IBM PCs}. The 386 allows multiple {application programs} to run at the same time (when running under 386-specific {operating systems}) using "{protected mode}". The first {IBM compatible} to use the 386 was the {Compaq} 386, before {IBM} used it in high-end models of their {PS/2} series. It is also used in {HP}'s {RS} series and many others. It does not require special {EMS} memory boards to expand {MS-DOS} memory limits. With the 386, the EMS standard can be simulated in normal {extended memory}, and many DOS add-ons provide this "Expanded Memory Manager" feature. See also {Intel 80386SX}, {BSD386}. (1995-02-21)
intelligent database "database" A {database management system} which performs data validation and processing traditionally done by {application programs}. Most DBMSs provide some data validation, e.g. rejecting invalid dates or alphabetic data entered into money fields, but often most processing is done by application programs. There is however no limit to the amount of processing that can be done by an intelligent database as long as the process is a standard function for that data. Examples of techniques used to implement intelligent databases are {constraints}, {triggers} and {stored procedures}. Moving processing to the database aids {data integrity} because it is guaranteed to be consistent across all uses of the data. {Mainframe} databases have increasingly become more intelligent and personal computer database systems are rapidly following. (1998-10-07)
intelligent terminal "hardware" (or "smart terminal", "programmable terminal") A terminal that often contains not only a keyboard and screen, but also comes with a disk drive and printer, so it can perform limited processing tasks when not communicating directly with the central computer. Some can be programmed by the user to perform many basic tasks, including both arithmetic and logic operations. In some cases, when the user enters data, the {data} will be checked for errors and some type of report will be produced. In addition, the valid data that is entered may be stored on the disk, it will be transmitted over communication lines to the central computer. An intelligent terminal may have enough computing capability to draw graphics or to offload some kind of front-end processing from the computer it talks to. The development of {workstations} and {personal computers} has made this term and the product it describes semi-obsolescent, but one may still hear variants of the phrase "act like a smart terminal" used to describe the behaviour of workstations or PCs with respect to programs that execute almost entirely out of a remote {server}'s storage, using said devices as displays. The term once meant any terminal with an {addressable cursor}; the opposite of a {glass tty}. Today, a terminal with merely an addressable cursor, but with none of the more-powerful features mentioned above, is called a {dumb terminal}. There is a classic quote from Rob Pike (inventor of the {blit} terminal): "A smart terminal is not a smart*ass* terminal, but rather a terminal you can educate". This illustrates a common design problem: The attempt to make peripherals (or anything else) intelligent sometimes results in finicky, rigid "special features" that become just so much dead weight if you try to use the device in any way the designer didn't anticipate. Flexibility and programmability, on the other hand, are *really* smart. Compare {hook}. (1995-04-14)
Internet Relay Chat "chat, messaging" (IRC) /I-R-C/, occasionally /*rk/ A {client-server} {chat} system of large (often worldwide) networks. IRC is structured as networks of {Internet} {servers}, each accepting connections from {client} programs, one per user. The IRC community and the {Usenet} and {MUD} communities overlap to some extent, including both {hackers} and regular folks who have discovered the wonders of computer networks. Some {Usenet} jargon has been adopted on IRC, as have some conventions such as {emoticons}. There is also a vigorous native jargon (see the entry for "{chat}"). The largest and first IRC network is {EFNet}, with a smaller breakaway network called the {Undernet} having existed since 1992, and dozens of other networks having appeared (and sometimes disappeared) since. See also {nick}, {bot}, {op}. {Yahoo's IRC index (http://yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Internet/Chat/IRC/)}. (1998-01-25)
Internet Worm "networking, security" The November 1988 {worm} perpetrated by {Robert T. Morris}. The worm was a program which took advantage of bugs in the {Sun} {Unix} {sendmail} program, {Vax} programs, and other security loopholes to distribute itself to over 6000 computers on the {Internet}. The worm itself had a bug which made it create many copies of itself on machines it infected, which quickly used up all available processor time on those systems. Some call it "The Great Worm" in a play on Tolkien (compare {elvish}, {elder days}). In the fantasy history of his Middle Earth books, there were dragons powerful enough to lay waste to entire regions; two of these (Scatha and Glaurung) were known as "the Great Worms". This usage expresses the connotation that the RTM hack was a sort of devastating watershed event in hackish history; certainly it did more to make non-hackers nervous about the Internet than anything before or since. (1995-01-12)
interpreter "programming" A program which executes other programs. This is in contrast to a {compiler} which does not execute its input program (the "{source code}") but translates it into executable "{machine code}" (also called "{object code}") which is output to a file for later execution. It may be possible to execute the same source code either directly by an interpreter or by compiling it and then executing the {machine code} produced. It takes longer to run a program under an interpreter than to run the compiled code but it can take less time to interpret it than the total required to compile and run it. This is especially important when prototyping and testing code when an edit-interpret-debug cycle can often be much shorter than an edit-compile-run-debug cycle. Interpreting code is slower than running the compiled code because the interpreter must analyse each statement in the program each time it is executed and then perform the desired action whereas the compiled code just performs the action. This run-time analysis is known as "interpretive overhead". Access to variables is also slower in an interpreter because the mapping of identifiers to storage locations must be done repeatedly at run time rather than at compile time. There are various compromises between the development speed when using an interpreter and the execution speed when using a compiler. Some systems (e.g. some {Lisps}) allow interpreted and compiled code to call each other and to share variables. This means that once a routine has been tested and debugged under the interpreter it can be compiled and thus benefit from faster execution while other routines are being developed. Many interpreters do not execute the source code as it stands but convert it into some more compact internal form. For example, some {BASIC} interpreters replace {keywords} with single byte tokens which can be used to {index} into a {jump table}. An interpreter might well use the same {lexical analyser} and {parser} as the compiler and then interpret the resulting {abstract syntax tree}. There is thus a spectrum of possibilities between interpreting and compiling, depending on the amount of analysis performed before the program is executed. For example {Emacs Lisp} is compiled to "{byte-code}" which is a highly compressed and optimised representation of the Lisp source but is not machine code (and therefore not tied to any particular hardware). This "compiled" code is then executed (interpreted) by a {byte code interpreter} (itself written in {C}). The compiled code in this case is {machine code} for a {virtual machine} which is implemented not in hardware but in the byte-code interpreter. See also {partial evaluation}. (1995-01-30)
Inter-process Communication "programming, operating system" (IPC) Exchange of data between one {process} and another, either within the same computer or over a {network}. It implies a {protocol} that guarantees a response to a request. Examples are {Unix} {sockets}, {RISC OS}'s messages, {OS/2}'s {Named Pipes}, {Microsoft Windows}' {DDE}, {Novell}'s {SPX} and {Macintosh}'s IAC. Although IPC is performed automatically by programs, an analogous function can be performed interactively when users cut and paste data from one process to another using a {clipboard}. (1995-12-14)
intranet "networking" Any {network} which provides similar services within an organisation to those provided by the {Internet} outside it but which is not necessarily connected to the Internet. The commonest example is the use by a company of one or more {web} servers on an internal {TCP/IP} network for distribution of information within the company. Since about 1995, intranets have become a major growth area in corporate computing due to the availability of cheap or free commercial {browser} and {web server} software which allows them to provide a simple, uniform {hypertext} interface to many kinds of information and {application programs}. Some companies give limited access to their intranets to other companies or the general public. This is known as an "{extranet}". (1997-07-14)
inverse comment convention "programming" A kind of {literate programming} where the program code is marked to distinguish it from the text, rather than the other way around as in normal programs. (2003-09-24)
iteration "programming" Repetition of a sequence of instructions. A fundamental part of many {algorithms}. Iteration is characterised by a set of initial conditions, an iterative step and a termination condition. A well known example of iteration in mathematics is Newton-Raphson iteration. Iteration in programs is expressed using a {loop}, e.g. in {C}: new_x = n/2; do { x = new_x; new_x = 0.5 * (x + n/x); } while (abs(new_x-x) " epsilon); Iteration can be expressed in functional languages using recursion: solve x n = if abs(new_x-x) " epsilon then solve new_x n else new_x where new_x = 0.5 * (x + n/x) solve n/2 n (1998-04-04)
Java archive "file format, filename extension" (jar) A compressed {archive} file containing {Java} {class} files, filename extension: ".jar". The {Java Development Kit} contains a tool called "jar" for creating .jar files, similar to the standard {Unix} {tar} command. As well as archiving and compressing the Java class files, it also inserts a "manifest" file which can contain information about the class files, such as a {digital signature}. Combining class files into a single archive file makes it possible to download them in a single {HTTP} transaction. This, and the {compression}, speeds up execution of Java programs delivered via the {Internet}. (2001}-02-03)
Java Database Connectivity "database, programming" (JDBC) Part of the {Java Development Kit} which defines an {application programming interface} for {Java} for standard {SQL} access to {databases} from Java {programs}. {Home (http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/guide/jdbc/index.html)}. {FAQ (http://yoyoweb.com/Javanese/JDBC/FAQ.html)}. See also {Open Database Connectivity}. (1997-09-04)
Java Message Service "programming, messaging" (JMS) An {API} for accessing enterprise messaging systems from {Java} programs. Java Message Service, part of the {J2EE} suite, provides standard APIs that Java developers can use to access the common features of enterprise message systems. JMS supports the {publish/subscribe} and {point-to-point} models and allows the creation of message types consisting of arbitrary Java objects. JMS provides support for administration, security, error handling, and recovery, optimisation, distributed transactions, message ordering, message acknowledgment, and more. {(http://java.sun.com/products/jms)}. {Overview (http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Networking/messaging/)}. (2001-06-22)
Java "programming, language" An {object-oriented}, {distributed}, {interpreted}, {architecture-neutral}, {portable}, {multithreaded}, dynamic, buzzword-compliant, general-purpose programming language developed by {Sun Microsystems} in the early 1990s (initially for set-top television controllers) and released to the public in 1995. Java was named after the Indonesian island, a source of {programming fluid}. Java first became popular as the earliest portable dynamic client-side content for the {web} in the form of {platform}-independent {Java applets}. In the late 1990s and into the 2000s it also became very popular on the server side, where an entire set of {APIs} defines the {J2EE}. Java is both a set of public specifications (controlled by {Oracle}, who bought {Sun Microsystems}, through the {JCP}) and a series of implementations of those specifications. Java is syntactially similar to {C++} without user-definable {operator overloading}, (though it does have {method} overloading), without {multiple inheritance} and extensive automatic {coercions}. It has automatic {garbage collection}. Java extends {C++}'s {object-oriented} facilities with those of {Objective C} for {dynamic method resolution}. Whereas programs in C++ and similar languages are compiled and linked to platform-specific binary executables, Java programs are typically compiled to portable {architecture-neutral} {bytecode} ".class" files, which are run using a {Java Virtual Machine}. The JVM is also called an {interpreter}, though it is more correct to say that it uses {Just-In-Time Compilation} to convert the {bytecode} into {native} {machine code}, yielding greater efficiency than most interpreted languages, rivalling C++ for many long-running, non-GUI applications. The run-time system is typically written in {POSIX}-compliant {ANSI C} or {C++}. Some implementations allow Java class files to be translated into {native} {machine code} during or after compilation. The Java compiler and {linker} both enforce {strong type checking} - procedures must be explicitly typed. Java aids in the creation of {virus}-free, tamper-free systems with {authentication} based on {public-key encryption}. Java has an extensive library of routines for all kinds of programming tasks, rivalling that of other languages. For example, the {java.net} package supports {TCP/IP} {protocols} like {HTTP} and {FTP}. Java applications can access objects across the {Internet} via {URLs} almost as easily as on the local {file system}. There are also capabilities for several types of distributed applications. The Java {GUI} libraries provide portable interfaces. For example, there is an abstract {Window} class with implementations for {Unix}, {Microsoft Windows} and the {Macintosh}. The {java.awt} and {javax.swing} classes can be used either in web-based {Applets} or in {client-side applications} or {desktop applications}. There are also packages for developing {XML} applications, {web services}, {servlets} and other web applications, {security}, date and time calculations and I/O formatting, database ({JDBC}), and many others. Java is not related to {JavaScript} despite the name. {(http://oracle.com/java)}. (2011-08-21)
Java Run-Time Environment "language" (JRE) The part of the {Java Development Kit} required to run Java programs. The JRE consists of the {Java Virtual Machine}, the {Java} platform core {classes} and supporting files. It does not include the compiler, debugger or other tools present in the JDK. The JRE is the smallest set of executables and files that constitute the standard Java platform. (1998-11-30)
Java Virtual Machine "language, architecture" (JVM) A specification for software which interprets {Java} programs that have been compiled into {byte-codes}, and usually stored in a ".class" file. The JVM {instruction set} is {stack}-oriented, with variable instruction length. Unlike some other instruction sets, the JVM's supports {object-oriented} programming directly by including instructions for object {method} invocation (similar to {subroutine} call in other instruction sets). The JVM itself is written in {C} and so can be {ported} to run on most {platforms}. It needs {thread} support and {I/O} (for {dynamic class loading}). The Java byte-code is independent of the platform. There are also some hardware implementations of the JVM. {Specification (http://javasoft.com/docs/books/vmspec/html/VMSpecTOC.doc.html)}. {Sun's Java chip (http://news.com/News/Item/0,4,9328,00.html)}. [Documentation? Versions?] (2000-01-03)
Job Control Language "language, operating system" (JCL) {IBM}'s supremely {rude} {script} language, used to control the execution of programs in IBM {OS/360}'s {batch} systems. JCL has a very {fascist} {syntax}, and some versions will, for example, {barf} if two spaces appear where it expects one. Most programmers confronted with JCL simply copy a working file (or {card deck}), changing the file names. Someone who actually understands and generates unique JCL is regarded with the mixed respect one gives to someone who memorises the phone book. It is reported that hackers at IBM itself sometimes sing "Who's the breeder of the crud that mangles you and me? I-B-M, J-C-L, M-o-u-s-e" to the tune of the "Mickey Mouse Club" theme to express their opinion of the beast. As with {COBOL}, JCL is often used as an archetype of ugliness even by those who haven't experienced it. However, no self-respecting {mainframe} {MVS} programmer would admit ignorance of JCL. See also {fear and loathing}. (1999-03-03)
job "operating system" All activities involved in completing any project on a computer from start to finish. A job may involve several {processes} and several {programs}. This term originates from a time when a user would manually submit a job as a deck of {punched cards} which would typically include {source code} interspersed with {job control language} instructions to guide phases of the job such as {compilation}, {linking}, {execution} and printing. (2005-03-16)
jock 1. A programmer who is characterised by large and somewhat {brute-force} programs. 2. When modified by another noun, describes a specialist in some particular computing area. The compounds "compiler jock" and "systems jock" seem to be the best-established examples. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-19)
Joy "language" A {functional programming} language by Manfred von Thun. Joy is unusual because it is not based on {lambda calculus}, but on the {composition} of {functions}. Functions take a stack as argument, consume any number of parameters from it, and return it with any number of results on it. The concatenation of programs denotes the composition of functions. One of the datatypes of Joy is that of quoted programs, of which lists are a special case. {Joy Home (http://latrobe.edu.au/philosophy/phimvt/joy.html)}. (2003-06-13)
kill file [{Usenet}] Per-user file(s) used by some {Usenet} reading programs (originally {Larry Wall}'s {rn}) to discard summarily (without presenting for reading) articles matching some particularly uninteresting (or unwanted) patterns of subject, author, or other header lines. Thus to add a person (or subject) to one's kill file is to arrange for that person to be ignored by one's newsreader in future. By extension, it may be used for a decision to ignore the person or subject in other media. See also {plonk}. [{Jargon File}]
Laboratory INstrument Computer "computer" (LINC) A computer which was originally designed in 1962 by {Wesley Clark}, {Charles Molnar}, Severo Ornstein and others at the {Lincoln Laboratory Group}, to facilitate scientific research. With its {digital logic} and {stored programs}, the LINC is accepted by the {IEEE Computer Society} to be the World's first {interactive} {personal computer}. The machine was developed to fulfil a need for better laboratory tools by doctors and medical researchers. It would supplant the 1958 {Average Response Computer}, and was designed for individual use. Led by William N. Papian and mainly funded by the {National Institute of Health}, Wesley Clark designed the logic while Charles Molnar did the engineering. The first LINC was finished in March 1962. In January 1963, the project moved to {MIT}, and then to {Washington University} (in St. Louis) in 1964. The LINC had a simple {operating system}, four "knobs" (which was used like a {mouse}), a {Soroban keyboard} (for alpha-numeric data entry), two {LINCtape} drives and a small {CRT} display. It originally had one {kilobit} of {core memory}, but this was expanded to 2 Kb later. The computer was made out of {Digital Equipment Corporation} (DEC) hardware modules. Over 24 LINC systems had been built before late 1964 when DEC began to sell the LINC commercially. After the introduction of the {PDP-8}, {Dick Clayton} at DEC produced a rather frightening hybrid of the LINC and PDP-8 called a LINC-8. This really was not a very satisfactory machine, but it used the new PDP-8 style DEC cards and was cheaper and easier to produce. It still didn't sell that well. In the late 1960s, Clayton brought the design to its pinnacle with the PDP-12, an amazing tour de force of the LINC concept; along with about as seamless a merger as could be done with the PDP-8. This attempted to incorporate {TTL logic} into the machine. The end of the LINC line had been reached. Due to the success of the LINC-8, {Spear, Inc.} produced a LINC clone (since the design was in the {public domain}). The interesting thing about the Spear {micro-LINC 300} was that it used {MECL} II logic. MECL logic was known for its blazing speed (at the time!), but the Spear computer ran at very modest rates. In 1995 the last of the classic LINCs was turned off for the final time after 28 years of service. This LINC had been in use in the Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology (EPL) of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. On 15 August 1995, it was transferred to the MIT {Computer Museum} where it was put on display. {LINC/8, PDP-12 (http://faqs.org/faqs/dec-faq/pdp8/section-7.html)}. {Lights out for last LINC (http://rleweb.mit.edu/publications/currents/6-1linc.HTM)}. ["Computers and Automation", Nov. 1964, page 43]. (1999-05-20)
language-sensitive editor An editor that is aware of the syntactic, semantic and in some cases the structural rules of a specific programming language and provides a framework for the user to enter {source code}. Programs or changes to previously stored programs are incrementally {parsed} into an {abstract syntax tree} and automatically checked for correctness. (1995-02-15)
languages of choice {C} and {Lisp}. Nearly every hacker knows one of these, and most good ones are fluent in both. Smalltalk and Prolog are also popular in small but influential communities. There is also a rapidly dwindling category of older hackers with Fortran, or even assembler, as their language of choice. They often prefer to be known as {Real Programmers}, and other hackers consider them a bit odd (see "{The Story of Mel}"). Assembler is generally no longer considered interesting or appropriate for anything but {HLL} implementation, {glue}, and a few time-critical and hardware-specific uses in systems programs. Fortran occupies a shrinking niche in scientific programming. Most hackers tend to frown on languages like {Pascal} and {Ada}, which don't give them the near-total freedom considered necessary for hacking (see {bondage-and-discipline language}), and to regard everything even remotely connected with {COBOL} or other traditional {card walloper} languages as a total and unmitigated {loss}. [{Jargon File}]
League for Programming Freedom "body, legal" (LPF) A grass-roots organisation of professors, students, businessmen, programmers and users dedicated to bringing back the freedom to write programs. Once programmers were allowed to write programs using all the techniques they knew, and providing whatever features they felt were useful. Monopolies, {software patents} and {interface copyrights} have taken away freedom of expression and the ability to do a good job. "{Look and feel}" lawsuits attempt to monopolise well-known command languages; some have succeeded. Copyrights on command languages enforce gratuitous incompatibility, close opportunities for competition and stifle incremental improvements. {Software patents} are even more dangerous; they make every design decision in the development of a program carry a risk of a lawsuit, with draconian pre-trial seizure. It is difficult and expensive to find out whether the techniques you consider using are patented; it is impossible to find out whether they will be patented in the future. The League is not opposed to the legal system that Congress intended -- {copyright} on individual programs. They aim to reverse the changes made by judges in response to special interests, often explicitly rejecting the public interest principles of the Constitution. The League works to abolish the monopolies by publishing articles, talking with public officials, boycotting egregious offenders and in the future may intervene in court cases. On 1989-05-24, the League picketed {Lotus} headquarters on account of their lawsuits, and then again on 1990-08-02. These marches stimulated widespread media coverage for the issue. The League's funds are used for filing briefs; printing handouts, buttons and signs and whatever will persuade the courts, the legislators and the people. The League is a non-profit corporation, but not considered a tax-exempt charity. {LPF Home (http://progfree.org/)}. (2007-02-28)
Liana "language" A {C}-like, interpretive, {object-oriented programming} language, {class} library, and integrated development environment designed specifically for development of {application programs} for {Microsoft Windows} and {Windows NT}. Designed by Jack Krupansky "Jack@BaseTechnology.com" of {Base Technology}, Liana was first released as a commercial product in August 1991. The language is designed to be as easy to use as {BASIC}, as concise as {C}, and as flexible as {Smalltalk}. The {OOP} {syntax} of {C++} was chosen over the less familiar syntax of {Smalltalk} and {Objective-C} to appeal to {C} programmers and in recognition of C++ being the leading OOP language. The syntax is a simplified subset of {C/C++}. The {semantics} are also a simplified subset of C/C++, but extended to achieve the flexibility of Smalltalk. Liana is a typeless language (like {Lisp}, {Snobol} and {Smalltalk}), which means that the datatypes of variables, function parameters, and function return values are not needed since values carry the type information. Hence, variables are simply containers for values and function parameters are simply pipes through which any type of value can flow. {Single inheritance}, but not {multiple inheritance}, is supported. {Memory management} is automatic using {reference counting}. The library includes over 150 {classes}, for {dynamic arrays}, {associative lookup} tables, windows, menus, dialogs, controls, bitmaps, cursors, icons, mouse movement, keyboard input, fonts, text and graphics display, {DDE}, and {MDI}. Liana provides flexible OOP support for Windows programming. For example, a {list box} automatically fills itself from an associated {object}. That object is not some sort of special object, but is merely any object that "behaves like" an array (i.e., has a "size" member function that returns the number of elements, a "get" function that returns the ith element, and the text for each element is returned by calling the "text" member function for the element). A related product, C-odeScript, is an embeddable application scripting language. It is an implementation of Liana which can be called from C/C++ applications to dynamically evaluate expressions and statement sequences. This can be used to offer the end-user a macro/scripting capability or to allow the C/C++ application to be customized without changing the C/C++ source code. Here's a complete Liana program which illustrates the flexibility of the language semantics and the power of the class library: main { // Prompt user for a string. // No declaration needed for "x" (becomes a global variable.) x = ask ("Enter a String"); // Use "+" operator to concatenate strings. Memory // management for string temporaries is automatic. The // "message" function displays a Windows message box. message ("You entered: " + x); // Now x will take on a different type. The "ask_number" // function will return a "real" if the user's input // contains a decimal point or an "int" if no decimal // point. x = ask_number ("Enter a Number"); // The "+" operator with a string operand will // automatically convert the other operand to a string. message ("You entered: " + x); // Prompt user for a Liana expression. Store it in a // local variable (the type, string, is merely for // documentation.) string expr = ask ("Enter an Expression"); // Evaluate the expression. The return value of "eval" // could be any type. The "source_format" member function // converts any value to its source format (e.g., add // quotes for a string.) The "class_name" member function // return the name of the class of an object/value. // Empty parens can be left off for member function calls. x = eval (expr); message ("The value of " + expr + " is " + x.source_format + " its type is " + x.class_name); } The author explained that the "Li" of Liana stands for "Language interpreter" and liana are vines that grow up trees in tropical forests, which seemed quite appropriate for a tool to deal with the complexity of MS Windows! It is also a woman's name. ["Liana for Windows", Aitken, P., PC TECHNIQUES, Dec/Jan 1993]. ["Liana: A Language For Writing Windows Programs", Burk, R., Tech Specialist (R&D Publications), Sep 1991]. ["Liana v. 1.0." Hildebrand, J.D., Computer Language, Dec 1992]. ["Liana: A Windows Programming Language Based on C and C++", Krupansky, J., The C Users Journal, Jul 1992]. ["Writing a Multimedia App in Liana", Krupansky, J., Dr. Dobb's Journal, Winter Multimedia Sourcebook 1994]. ["The Liana Programming Language", R. Valdes, Dr Dobbs J Oct 1993, pp.50-52]. (1999-06-29)
library "programming, library" A collection of {subroutines} and {functions} stored in one or more files, usually in compiled form, for linking with other programs. Libraries are one of the earliest forms of organised {code reuse}. They are often supplied by the {operating system} or {software development environment} developer to be used in many different programs. The routines in a library may be general purpose or designed for some specific function such as three dimensional animated graphics. Libraries are linked with the user's program to form a complete {executable}. The linking may be {static linking} or, in some systems, {dynamic linking}. (1998-11-21)
lint A {Unix} {C} language processor which carries out more thorough checks on the code than is usual with C {compilers}. Lint is named after the bits of fluff it supposedly picks from programs. Judging by references on {Usenet} this term has become a shorthand for {desk check} at some non-Unix shops, even in languages other than {C}. Also used as {delint}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-14)
Linux "operating system" ("Linus Unix") /li'nuks/ (but see below) An implementation of the {Unix} {kernel} originally written from scratch with no proprietary code. The kernel runs on {Intel} and {Alpha} hardware in the general release, with {SPARC}, {PowerPC}, {MIPS}, {ARM}, {Amiga}, {Atari}, and {SGI} in active development. The SPARC, PowerPC, ARM, {PowerMAC} - {OSF}, and 68k ports all support {shells}, {X} and {networking}. The Intel and SPARC versions have reliable {symmetric multiprocessing}. Work on the kernel is coordinated by Linus Torvalds, who holds the copyright on a large part of it. The rest of the copyright is held by a large number of other contributors (or their employers). Regardless of the copyright ownerships, the kernel as a whole is available under the {GNU} {General Public License}. The GNU project supports Linux as its kernel until the research {Hurd} kernel is completed. This kernel would be no use without {application programs}. The GNU project has provided large numbers of quality tools, and together with other {public domain} software it is a rich Unix environment. A compilation of the Linux kernel and these tools is known as a Linux distribution. Compatibility modules and/or {emulators} exist for dozens of other computing environments. The kernel version numbers are significant: the odd numbered series (e.g. 1.3.xx) is the development (or beta) kernel which evolves very quickly. Stable (or release) kernels have even major version numbers (e.g. 1.2.xx). There is a lot of commercial support for and use of Linux, both by hardware companies such as {Digital}, {IBM}, and {Apple} and numerous smaller network and integration specialists. There are many commercially supported distributions which are generally entirely under the GPL. At least one distribution vendor guarantees {Posix} compliance. Linux is particularly popular for {Internet Service Providers}, and there are ports to both parallel supercomputers and {embedded} {microcontrollers}. {Debian} is one popular {open source} distribution. The pronunciation of "Linux" has been a matter of much debate. Many, including Torvalds, insist on the short I pronunciation /li'nuks/ because "Linus" has an /ee/ sound in Swedish (Linus's family is part of Finland's 6% ethnic-Swedish minority) and Linus considers English short /i/ to be closer to /ee/ than English long /i:/ dipthong. This is consistent with the short I in words like "linen". This doesn't stop others demanding a long I /li:'nuks/ following the english pronunciation of "Linus" and "minus". Others say /li'niks/ following {Minix}, which Torvalds was working on before Linux. {More on pronunciation (/pub/misc/linux-pronunciation)}. {LinuxHQ (http://linuxhq.com/)}. {slashdot (http://slashdot.org/)}. {freshmeat (http://freshmeat.net/)}. {Woven Goods (http://fokus.gmd.de/linux/)}. {Linux Gazette (http://ssc.com/lg)}. {funet Linux Archive (ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux)}, {US mirror (ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/)}, {UK Mirror (ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/Linux/)}. (2000-06-09)
Liskov substitution principle "programming, theory" (LSP) The principle that {object-oriented} {functions} that use {pointers} or references to a {base class} must be able to use {objects} of a {derived class} without knowing it. {Barbara Liskov} first wrote it as follows: If for each object o1 of type S there is an object o2 of type T such that for all programs P defined in terms of T, the behaviour of P is unchanged when o1 is substituted for o2 then S is a {subtype} of T. A function that violates the LSP uses a reference to a base class and must know about all the derivatives of that base class. Such a function violates the {open/closed principle} because it must be modified whenever a new derivative of the base class is created. [Liskov, B. Data Abstraction and Hierarchy, SIGPLAN Notices. 23(5), May 1988]. (2001-09-14)
Lisp "language" LISt Processing language. (Or mythically "Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses"). {Artificial Intelligence}'s mother tongue, a symbolic, {functional}, {recursive} language based on the ideas of {lambda-calculus}, variable-length lists and trees as fundamental data types and the interpretation of code as data and vice-versa. Data objects in Lisp are lists and {atoms}. Lists may contain lists and atoms. Atoms are either numbers or symbols. Programs in Lisp are themselves lists of symbols which can be treated as data. Most implementations of Lisp allow functions with {side-effects} but there is a core of Lisp which is {purely functional}. All Lisp functions and programs are expressions that return values; this, together with the high memory use of Lisp, gave rise to {Alan Perlis}'s famous quip (itself a take on an Oscar Wilde quote) that "Lisp programmers know the value of everything and the cost of nothing". The original version was {LISP 1}, invented by {John McCarthy} "jmc@sail.stanford.edu" at {MIT} in the late 1950s. Lisp is actually older than any other {high level language} still in use except {Fortran}. Accordingly, it has undergone considerable change over the years. Modern variants are quite different in detail. The dominant {HLL} among hackers until the early 1980s, Lisp now shares the throne with {C}. See {languages of choice}. One significant application for Lisp has been as a proof by example that most newer languages, such as {COBOL} and {Ada}, are full of unnecessary {crocks}. When the {Right Thing} has already been done once, there is no justification for {bogosity} in newer languages. See also {Association of Lisp Users}, {Common Lisp}, {Franz Lisp}, {MacLisp}, {Portable Standard Lisp}, {Interlisp}, {Scheme}, {ELisp}, {Kamin's interpreters}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-04-16)
LML 1. Lazy ML. A {lazy}, {purely functional} variant of {ML} designed by Thomas Johnson and Lennart Augustsson at the Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden in 1984. LML is implemented on the {G-machine}, and was used to implement the first {Haskell B compiler}. There is a compiler (lmlc) and interpreter. {(ftp://ftp.cs.chalmers.se/pub/haskell/chalmers)}. (1994-12-14) 2. Logical ML. Adds to {Lazy ML} a data type of "theories" whose objects represent {logic programs}. ["Logic Programming within a Functional Framework", A. Brogi et al, in Programming Language Implementation and Logic Programming, P. Deransart et al eds, LNCS 456, Springer 1990]. (1994-12-14)
locality 1. In sequential architectures programs tend to access data that has been accessed recently (temporal locality) or that is at an address near recently referenced data (spatial locality). This is the basis for the speed-up obtained with a {cache} memory. 2. In a multi-processor architecture with distributed memory it takes longer to access the memory attached to a different processor. This overhead increases with the number of communicating processors. Thus to efficiently employ many processors on a problem we must increase the proportion of references which are to local memory. (1995-02-28)
Loebner Prize "artificial intelligence" An annual competition in {artificial intelligence} started by Dr. {Hugh Loebner} of New York City in 1991. A $100,000 prize is offered to the author of the first computer program to pass an unrestricted {Turing test}. Annual competitions are held each year with a $2000 prize for the best program on a restricted {Turing test}. Sponsors of previous competitions include: {Apple Computer}, {Computerland}, Crown Industries, GDE Systems, {IBM} Personal Computer Company's {Center for Natural Computing}, Greenwich Capital Markets, {Motorola}, the {National Science Foundation}, The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and The Weingart Foundation. The 1995 and 1996 events were unrestricted Turing Tests, requiring computer entries to converse indefinitely with no topic restrictions. So far, even the best programs give themselves away almost immediately, either by simple grammatical mistakes or by repetition. Complete transcripts and {IBM compatible} diskettes that play the 1991, 1992, and 1993 conversations in real-time are available for purchase from the Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies (telephone: +1 (617) 491 9020, Fax: 1072). Sponsorship opportunities are available. {Loebner Prize Home (http://loebner.net/)}. (2003-11-30)
LogC A {C} extension incorporating {rule-oriented programming}, for {AI} {application programs}. {Production rules} are encapsulated into functional components called rulesets. LogC uses a {search network algorithm} similar to {RETE}. Version 1.6. ["LogC: A Language and Environment for Embedded Rule Based Systems", F. Yulin et al, SIGPLAN Notices 27(11):27-32 (Nov 1992)].
Logical Unit 6.2 "networking" (LU6.2) A type of {logical unit} that governs peer-to-peer {SNA} communications. LU6.2 supports general communication between programs in a distributed processing environment. LU6.2 is characterised by a {peer} relationship between {session partners}, efficient use of a session for multiple {transactions}, comprehensive end-to-end error processing and a generic {application program interface} consisting of {structured verbs} that are mapped into a product inplementation. LU6.2 is used by {IBM}'s {TPF} {operating system}. [IBM Dictionary of Computing, McGraw-Hill 1993]. (1996-08-26)
LOGLISP A version of {Prolog} implemented by Robinson in {Lisp} which allows Prolog programs to call Lisp and vice versa. ["LOGLISP: An Alternative to Prolog", J. Alan Robinson et al in Machine Intelligence 10, D. Michie ed, Ellis Horwood 1982].
look and feel "operating system" The appearance and function of a program's {user interface}. The term is most often applied to {graphical user interfaces} (GUI) but might also be used by extension for a textual command language used to control a program. Look and feel includes such things as the {icons} used to represent certain functions such as opening and closing files, directories and {application programs} and changing the size and position of windows; conventions for the meaning of different buttons on a {mouse} and keys on the keyboard; and the appearance and operation of menus. A {user interface} with a consistent look and feel is considered by many to be an important factor in the ease of use of a computer system. The success of the {Macintosh user interface} was partly due to its consistency. Because of the perceived importance of look and feel, there have been several legal actions claiming breech of {copyright} on the look and feel of user interfaces, most notably by {Apple Computer} against {Microsoft} and {Hewlett-Packard} (which Apple lost) and, later, by {Xerox} against {Apple Computer}. Such legal action attempts to force suppliers to make their interfaces inconsistent with those of other vendors' products. This can only be bad for users and the industry as a whole. (1995-03-03)
Lotus Notes A group of {application programs} from {Lotus Development Corporation} which allows organisations to share documents and exchange {electronic mail} messages. Notes supports {replication}. (1994-10-27)
LynxOS A {POSIX} compliant {real-time} {operating system} from {Lynx Real-Time Systems}. It has a {Unix}-like interface to {application programs}. (1994-10-12)
LYRIC Language for Your Remote Instruction by Computer. A {CAI} language implemented as a {Fortran} {preprocessor}. ["Computer Assisted Instruction: Specification of Attributes for CAI Programs and Programmers", G.M. Silvern et al, Proc ACM 21st Natl Conf (1966)]. (1994-10-12)
machine code "language" The representation of a {computer program} that is read and interpreted by the computer hardware (rather than by some other machine code program). A program in machine code consists of a sequence of "instructions" (possibly interspersed with data). An instruction is a {binary string}, (often written as one or more {octal}, {decimal} or {hexadecimal} numbers). Instructions may be all the same size (e.g. one 32-bit word for many modern {RISC} {microprocessors}) or of different sizes, in which case the size of the instruction is determined from the first {word} (e.g. {Motorola} {68000}) or {byte} (e.g. {Inmos} {transputer}). The collection of all possible instructions for a particular computer is known as its "{instruction set}". Each instruction typically causes the {Central Processing Unit} to perform some fairly simple operation like loading a value from memory into a {register} or adding the numbers in two registers. An instruction consists of an {op code} and zero or more {operands}. Different processors have different {instruction sets} - the collection of possible operations they can perform. Execution of machine code may either be {hard-wired} into the {central processing unit} or it may be controlled by {microcode}. The basic execution cycle consists of fetching the next instruction from {main memory}, decoding it (determining which action the {operation code} specifies and the location of any {arguments}) and executing it by opening various {gates} (e.g. to allow data to flow from main memory into a CPU {register}) and enabling {functional units} (e.g. signalling to the {ALU} to perform an addition). Humans almost never write programs directly in machine code. Instead, they use {programming languages}. The simplest kind of programming language is {assembly language} which usually has a one-to-one correspondence with the resulting machine code instructions but allows the use of {mnemonics} (ASCII strings) for the "{op codes}" (the part of the instruction which encodes the basic type of operation to perform) and names for locations in the program (branch labels) and for {variables} and {constants}. Other languages are either translated by a {compiler} into machine code or executed by an {interpreter} (2009-06-16)
machoflops /mach'oh-flops/ A pun on "{megaflops}" referring to the inflated performance figures often quoted by computer manufacturers. Real {application programs} are lucky to get half the quoted speed. See {Your mileage may vary}, {benchmark}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-15)
Macintosh Operating System "operating system" (Mac OS) {Apple Computer, Inc.}'s proprietary {operating system} for their {Macintosh} family of {personal computers}. The part of the operating system that simulates the desktop is called "{Finder}." The {multitasking} version of Finder was called "{MultiFinder}" until {multitasking} was integrated into the core of the OS with the introduction of System 7.0 in 1990. The Macintosh series provides a built-in graphics language, called "{QuickDraw}", which provides a {standard} for software developers. Mac OS 8, scheduled for delivery in July 1997, included new human-interface features, increased system stability and performance, a {PowerPC} processor-native Finder, tighter integration of {Internet} access through panel-based "assistants," Personal Web Sharing and the ability to run {Java applets} and programs through Mac OS Run Time for {Java}. Version 9.2 was the last version of the bespoke Mac OS. The next version, {Mac OS X} is quite different, being based on {Unix}. See also {Macintosh file system}, {Macintosh user interface}. (2007-03-15)
Macintosh user interface "operating system" The {graphical user interface} used by {Apple Computer}'s {Macintosh} family of {personal computers}, based on graphical representations of familiar office objects (sheets of paper, files, wastepaper bin, etc.) positioned on a two-dimensional "{desktop}" workspace. Programs and data files are represented on screen by small pictures ({icons}). An object is selected by moving a {mouse} over the real desktop which correspondingly moves the {pointer} on screen. When the pointer is over an icon on screen, the icon is selected by pressing the button on the mouse. A {hierarchical file system} is provided that lets a user "{drag}" a document (a file) icon into and out of a {folder} (directory) icon. Folders can also contain other folders and so on. To delete a document, its icon is dragged into a {trash can} icon. For people that are not computer enthusiasts, managing files on the Macintosh is easier than using the {MS-DOS} or {Unix} {command-line interpreter}. The Macintosh always displays a row of menu titles at the top of the screen. When a mouse button is pressed over a title, a {pull-down menu} appears below it. With the mouse button held down, the option within the menu is selected by pointing to it and then releasing the button. Unlike the {IBM PC}, which, prior to {Microsoft Windows} had no standard {graphical user interface}, Macintosh developers almost always conform to the Macintosh interface. As a result, users are comfortable with the interface of a new program from the start even if it takes a while to learn all the rest of it. They know there will be a row of menu options at the top of the screen, and basic tasks are always performed in the same way. Apple also keeps technical jargon down to a minimum. Although the Macintosh user interface provides consistency; it does not make up for an {application program} that is not designed well. Not only must the application's menus be clear and understandable, but the locations on screen that a user points to must be considered. Since the mouse is the major selecting method on a Macintosh, mouse movement should be kept to a minimum. In addition, for experienced typists, the mouse is a cumbersome substitute for well-designed keyboard commands, especially for intensive text editing. {Urban legned} has it that the Mac user interface was copied from {Xerox}'s {Palo Alto Research Center}. Although it is true that Xerox's {smalltalk} had a GUI and Xerox introduced some GUI concepts commercially on the {Xerox Star} computer in 1981, and that {Steve Jobs} and members of the Mac and {Lisa} project teams visited PARC, Jef Raskin, who created the Mac project, points out that many GUI concepts which are now considered fundamental, such as dragging objects and pull-down menus with the mouse, were actually invented at Apple. {Pull-down menus} have become common on {IBM}, {Commodore} and {Amiga} computers. {Microsoft Windows} and {OS/2} {Presentation Manager}, {Digital Research}'s {GEM}, {Hewlett-Packard}'s {New Wave}, the {X Window System}, {RISC OS} and many other programs and operating environments also incorporate some or all of the desktop/mouse/icon features. {Apple Computer} have tried to prevent other companies from using some {GUI} concepts by taking legal action against them. It is because of such restrictive practises that organisations such as the {Free Software Foundation} previously refused to support ports of their software to Apple machines, though this ban has now been lifted. [Why? When?] (1996-07-19)
magic cookie 1. Something passed between routines or programs that enables the receiver to perform some operation; a {capability} ticket or {opaque identifier}. Especially used of small data objects that contain data encoded in a strange or intrinsically machine-dependent way. E.g. on non-{Unix} {operating systems} with a non-byte-stream model of files, the result of "{ftell}" may be a magic cookie rather than a byte offset; it can be passed to "{fseek}", but not operated on in any meaningful way. The phrase "it hands you a magic cookie" means it returns a result whose contents are not defined but which can be passed back to the same or some other program later. 2. An in-band code for changing graphic rendition (e.g. inverse video or underlining) or performing other control functions. Some older terminals would leave a blank on the screen corresponding to mode-change magic cookies; this was also called a {glitch} (or occasionally a "turd"; compare {mouse droppings}). See also {cookie}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-25)
magic number "jargon, programming" 1. In {source code}, some non-obvious constant whose value is significant to the operation of a program and that is inserted inconspicuously in-line ({hard-coded}), rather than expanded in by a symbol set by a commented "
mailing list "messaging" (Often shortened in context to "list") An {electronic mail address} that is an alias (or {macro}, though that word is never used in this connection) which is expanded by a {mail exploder} to yield many other e-mail addresses. Some mailing lists are simple "reflectors", redirecting mail sent to them to the list of recipients. Others are filtered by humans or programs of varying degrees of sophistication; lists filtered by humans are said to be "moderated". The term is sometimes used, by extension, for the people who receive e-mail sent to such an address. Mailing lists are one of the primary forms of hacker interaction, along with {Usenet}. They predate {Usenet}, having originated with the first {UUCP} and {ARPANET} connections. They are often used for private information-sharing on topics that would be too specialised for or inappropriate to public {Usenet} groups. Though some of these maintain almost purely technical content (such as the {Internet Engineering Task Force} mailing list), others (like the "sf-lovers" list maintained for many years by Saul Jaffe) are recreational, and many are purely social. Perhaps the most infamous of the social lists was the eccentric bandykin distribution; its latter-day progeny, {lectroids} and {tanstaafl}, still include a number of the oddest and most interesting people in hackerdom. Mailing lists are easy to create and (unlike {Usenet}) don't tie up a significant amount of machine resources (until they get very large, at which point they can become interesting torture tests for mail software). Thus, they are often created temporarily by working groups, the members of which can then collaborate on a project without ever needing to meet face-to-face. There are several programs to automate mailing list maintenance, e.g. {Listserv}, {Listproc}, {Majordomo}. Requests to subscribe to, or leave, a mailing list should ALWAYS be sent to the list's "-request" address (e.g. ietf-request@cnri.reston.va.us for the IETF mailing list). This prevents them being sent to all recipients of the list and ensures that they reach the maintainer of the list, who may not actually read the list. [{Jargon File}] (2001-04-27)
mail merge "messaging" A function of some {word processing} software (e.g. {Microsoft Word}) that produces multiple instances of a document by substituting different text strings from a {database} in place of certain field markers. This is often done with envelopes, resumes, spam, and various other mass mailings. {(http://mtroyal.ab.ca/programs/academserv/ADC/workshops/staff/mail_merge/mail_merge_tutorial.html)}. (2002-07-26)
mainframe programmer/analyst "job" A peson who writes and maintains business applications. He develops and supports large-scale batch or high-volume transaction environments that require {IBM/MVS} {mainframe} processing power or equivalent. He programs in business-oriented languages such as {COBOL}, {CICS}, or {fourth-generation languages}. (2004-03-12)
Maisie A {C}-based parallel programming language by Wen-Toh Liao "wentoh@may.CS.UCLA.EDU". Maisie extends C with {asynchronous} typed {message passing} and {lightweight process}es. Programs can define, create and destroy processes, send and receive messages and manipulate the system clock. Maisie has been ported to {PVM}/3.1, {Cosmic} Environment and {SUN} {sockets}. {Version 2.1.1.3 (ftp://cs.ucla.edu/pub/maisie.2.1.1.3.tar.Z)}. (1993-06-14)
Makedoc A program from Carleton University, Ottawa that generates documentation for Objective C programs. It will also generate a class hierarchy diagram. The output format is similar to that used by StepStone.
makefile A script which tells the Unix program "{make}" how to build a particular computer program or set of programs. A makefile contains variable assignments and rules of the form target: inputs commands which say if any of the files in "inputs" has been modified more recently than file "target" (or if the target does not exist) then execute "commands", which will normally bulid "target" from "inputs". If make is run with no arguments, it looks for a makefile called "Makefile" or "makefile". (1995-01-05)
Make "programming, tool" The {Unix} tool to automate the recompilation, linking etc. of programs, taking account of the interdependencies of {modules} and their modification times. Make reads instructions from a "makefile" which specifies a set of targets to be built, the files they depend on and the commands to execute in order to produce them. Most {C} systems come with a make. There is also one produce by {GNU}. ["Make - A Program for Maintaining Computer Programs", A.I. Feldman, TR No 57, Bell Labs Apr 1977]. (1995-01-05)
Margaret Hamilton "person" (born 1936-08-17) A {computer scientist}, {systems engineer} and business owner, credited with coining the term {software engineering}. Margaret Hamilton published over 130 papers, proceedings and reports about the 60 projects and six major programs in which she has been involved. In 1965 she became Director of Software Programming at MIT's {Charles Stark Draper Laboratory} and Director of the Software Engineering Division of the {MIT Instrumentation Laboratory}, which developed on-board {flight software} for the Apollo space program. At {NASA}, Hamilton pioneered the Apollo on-board guidance software that navigated to and landed on the Moon and formed the basis for software used in later missions. At the time, programming was a hands-on, engineering descipline; computer science and software engineering barely existed. Hamilton produced innovations in {system design} and software development, enterprise and {process modelling}, development paradigms, {formal systems modelling languages}, system-oriented objects for systems modelling and development, {automated life-cycle environments}, {software reliability}, {software reuse}, {domain analysis}, correctness by built-in language properties, open architecture techniques for robust systems, full {life-cycle automation}, {quality assurance}, {seamless integration}, {error detection and recovery}, {man-machine interface} systems, {operating systems}, {end-to-end testing} and {life-cycle management}. She developed concepts of {asynchronous software}, {priority scheduling} and {Human-in-the-loop} decision capability, which became the foundation for modern, ultra-reliable software design. The Apollo 11 moon landing would have aborted when spurious data threatened to overload the computer, but thanks to the innovative asynchronous, priority based scheduling, it eliminated the unnecessary processing and completed the landing successfully. In 1986, she founded {Hamilton Technologies, Inc.}, developed around the {Universal Systems Language} and her systems and software design {paradigm} of {Development Before the Fact} (DBTF). (2015-03-08)
Message Passing Interface "communications, protocol" A {de facto standard} for communication among the {nodes} running a {parallel program} on a {distributed memory system}. MPI is a {library} of {routines} that can be called from {Fortran} and{ C} programs. MPI's advantage over older message passing libraries is that it is both {portable} (because MPI has been implemented for almost every distributed memory {architecture}) and fast (because each implementation is {optimised} for the {hardware} it runs on). [Address?] (1997-06-09)
Messaging Application Programming Interface "messaging" (MAPI) A messaging architecture and a {client} interface component for applications such as {electronic mail}, scheduling, calendaring and document management. As a messaging architecture, MAPI provides a consistent interface for multiple {application programs} to interact with multiple messaging systems across a variety of {hardware} {platforms}. MAPI provides better performance and control than {Simple MAPI}, {Common Messaging Calls} (CMC) or the {Active Messaging Library}. It has a comprehensive, open, dual-purpose interface, integrated with {Microsoft Windows}. MAPI can be used by all levels and types of client application and "service providers" - driver-like components that provide a MAPI interface to a specific messaging system. For example, a {word processor} can send documents and a {workgroup} application can share and store different types of data using MAPI. MAPI separates the programming interfaces used by the client applications and the service providers. Every component works with a common, {Microsoft Windows}-based user interface. For example, a single messaging client application can be used to receive messages from {fax}, a {bulletin board} system, a host-based messaging system and a {LAN}-based system. Messages from all of these systems can be delivered to a single "universal Inbox". MAPI is aimed at the powerful, new market of workgroup applications that communicate with such different messaging systems as fax, {DEC} {All-In-1}, {voice mail} and public communications services such as {AT&T} Easylink Services, {CompuServe} and {MCI} MAIL. Because workgroup applications demand more of their messaging systems, MAPI offers much more than basic messaging in the programming interface and supports more than {local area network} (LAN)-based messaging systems. Applications can, for example, format text for a single message with a variety of fonts and present to their users a customised view of messages that have been filtered, sorted or preprocessed. MAPI is built into {Windows 95} and {Windows NT} and can be used by 16-bit and 32-bit Windows applications. The programming interface and subsystem contained in the MAPI {DLL} provide objects which conform to the {Component Object Model}. MAPI includes standard messaging client applications that demonstrate different levels of messaging support. MAPI provides cross platform support through such industry standards as {SMTP}, {X.400} and Common Messaging Calls. MAPI is the messaging component of {Windows Open Services Architecture} (WOSA). [Correct expansion? Relatonship with Microsoft?] (1997-12-03)
metaclass "programming" The {class} of a class in an {object-oriented programming} language. A metaclass is a class whose {instances} are themselves classes. Typically there will only be one metaclass, called "Class" or similar, which is the class of all classes including itself. In some languages there will be no metaclass. The idea of a metaclass is closely associated with {introspection} - the ability of a program to access the structure and logic of itself or other programs. (2013-09-02)
Meta-Crystal "language" A language for transformations of {Crystal} programs. Implemented in {T}. ["Meta-Crystal - A Metalanguage for Parallel-Program Optimisation", J.A. Yang et al, TR YALEU/DCS/TR-786, Yale Apr 1990]. (2016-01-19)
metaprogram A program which modifies or generates other programs. A {compiler} is an example of a metaprogram: it takes a program as input and produces another (compiled) one as output. (1994-10-24)
Met-English A {Fortran}-like language designed at {Metropolitan Life} in the early 1960s. It had support for variable-length bit fields. Most MetLife {DP} in the 1960s and 1970s was in Met-English. It was originally developed for {Honeywell} machines, but many programs still run under {IBM} {MVS} via a Honeywell {emulator}. (1995-02-15)
mickey mouse program "jargon" The North American equivalent of a "{noddy} program", i.e. trivial. The term doesn't necessarily have the belittling connotations of mainstream slang "Oh, that's just mickey mouse stuff!"; sometimes trivial programs can be very useful. [{Jargon File}] (1995-04-10)
Microsoft Access 1. "database" A {relational database} running under {Microsoft Windows}. Data is stored as a number of "{tables}", e.g. "Stock". Each table consists of a number of "{records}" (e.g. for different items) and each record contains a number of "{fields}", e.g. "Product code", "Supplier", "Quantity in stock". Access allows the user to create "{forms}" and "reports". A form shows one record in a user-designed format and allows the user to step through records one at a time. A report shows selected records in a user-designed format, possibly grouped into sections with different kinds of total (including sum, minimum, maximum, average). There are also facilities to use links ("{joins}") between tables which share a common field and to filter records according to certain criteria or search for particular field values. Version: 2 (date?). {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.databases.ms-access}. 2. "communications" A communications program from Microsoft, meant to compete with {ProComm} and other programs. It sucked and was dropped. Years later they reused the name for their database. [Date?] (1997-07-20)
moby "jargon" /moh'bee/ (From {MIT}, seems to have been in use among model railroad fans years ago. Derived from Melville's "Moby Dick", some say from "Moby Pickle") 1. Large, immense, complex, impressive. "A Saturn V rocket is a truly moby frob." "Some MIT undergrads pulled off a moby hack at the Harvard-Yale game." 2. (Obsolete) The maximum {address space} of a computer (see below). For a 680[234]0 or {VAX} or most modern 32-bit architectures, it is 4,294,967,296 8-bit bytes (four {gigabytes}). 3. A title of address (never of third-person reference), usually used to show admiration, respect, and/or friendliness to a competent hacker. "Greetings, moby Dave. How's that address-book thing for the Mac going?" 4. In backgammon, doubles on the dice, as in "moby sixes", "moby ones", etc. Compare this with {bignum}: double sixes are both bignums and moby sixes, but moby ones are not bignums (the use of "moby" to describe double ones is sarcastic). 5. The largest available unit of something which is available in discrete increments. Thus a "moby Coke" is not just large, it's the largest size on sale. This term entered hackerdom with the Fabritek 256K memory added to the MIT AI PDP-6 machine, which was considered unimaginably huge when it was installed in the 1960s (at a time when a more typical memory size for a {time-sharing} system was 72 kilobytes). Thus, a moby is classically 256K 36-bit words, the size of a PDP-6 or PDP-10 moby. Back when {address registers} were narrow the term was more generally useful, because when a computer had {virtual memory} mapping, it might actually have more physical memory attached to it than any one program could access directly. One could then say "This computer has six mobies" meaning that the ratio of physical memory to address space is six, without having to say specifically how much memory there actually is. That in turn implied that the computer could timeshare six "full-sized" programs without having to swap programs between memory and disk. Nowadays the low cost of processor logic means that address spaces are usually larger than the most physical memory you can cram onto a machine, so most systems have much *less* than one theoretical "native" moby of {core}. Also, more modern memory-management techniques (especially paging) make the "moby count" less significant. However, there is one series of widely-used chips for which the term could stand to be revived --- the Intel 8088 and 80286 with their incredibly {brain-damaged} segmented-memory designs. On these, a "moby" would be the 1-megabyte address span of a segment/offset pair (by coincidence, a PDP-10 moby was exactly one megabyte of nine-bit bytes). [{Jargon File}] (1997-10-01)
modal logic "logic" An extension of {propositional calculus} with {operators} that express various "modes" of truth. Examples of modes are: necessarily A, possibly A, probably A, it has always been true that A, it is permissible that A, it is believed that A. "It is necessarily true that A" means that things being as they are, A must be true, e.g. "It is necessarily true that x=x" is TRUE while "It is necessarily true that x=y" is FALSE even though "x=y" might be TRUE. Adding modal operators [F] and [P], meaning, respectively, henceforth and hitherto leads to a "{temporal logic}". Flavours of modal logics include: {Propositional Dynamic Logic} (PDL), {Propositional Linear Temporal Logic} (PLTL), {Linear Temporal Logic} (LTL), {Computational Tree Logic} (CTL), {Hennessy-Milner Logic}, S1-S5, T. C.I. Lewis, "A Survey of Symbolic Logic", 1918, initiated the modern analysis of modality. He developed the logical systems S1-S5. JCC McKinsey used algebraic methods ({Boolean algebras} with operators) to prove the decidability of Lewis' S2 and S4 in 1941. Saul Kripke developed the {relational semantics} for modal logics (1959, 1963). Vaughan Pratt introduced {dynamic logic} in 1976. Amir Pnuelli proposed the use of temporal logic to formalise the behaviour of continually operating {concurrent} programs in 1977. [Robert Goldblatt, "Logics of Time and Computation", CSLI Lecture Notes No. 7, Centre for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Second Edition, 1992, (distributed by University of Chicago Press)]. [Robert Goldblatt, "Mathematics of Modality", CSLI Lecture Notes No. 43, Centre for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, 1993, (distributed by University of Chicago Press)]. [G.E. Hughes and M.J. Cresswell, "An Introduction to Modal Logic", Methuen, 1968]. [E.J. Lemmon (with Dana Scott), "An Introduction to Modal Logic", American Philosophical Quarterly Monograpph Series, no. 11 (ed. by Krister Segerberg), Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1977]. (1995-02-15)
mode 1. A general state, usually used with an adjective describing the state. Use of the word "mode" rather than "state" implies that the state is extended over time, and probably also that some activity characteristic of that state is being carried out. "No time to hack; I'm in thesis mode." In its jargon sense, "mode" is most often attributed to people, though it is sometimes applied to programs and inanimate objects. In particular, see {hack mode}, {day mode}, {night mode}, {demo mode}, {fireworks mode}, and {yoyo mode}; also {chat}. 2. More technically, a mode is a special state that certain user interfaces must pass into in order to perform certain functions. For example, in order to insert characters into a document in the Unix editor "vi", one must type the "i" key, which invokes the "Insert" command. The effect of this command is to put vi into "insert mode", in which typing the "i" key has a quite different effect (to wit, it inserts an "i" into the document). One must then hit another special key, "ESC", in order to leave "insert mode". Nowadays, modeful interfaces are generally considered {losing} but survive in quite a few widely used tools built in less enlightened times. [{Jargon File}] 3. "hardware" {video mode}. (1994-12-22)
Modula-2* An extension of {Modula-2} by M. Philippsen "philipp@ira.uka.de" of the {University of Karlsruhe}. It uses a superset of {data parallelism}, allowing both synchronous and asynchronous programs, both {SIMD} and {MIMD}. Parallelism may be nested to any depth. There are version for {MasPar} and a simulator for the {SPARC}. {(ftp://iraun1.ira.uka.de/pub/programming/modula2star)}. E-mail: Ernst Heinz "heinz@ira.uka.de". ["Modula-2*: An Extension of Modula-2 for Highly Parallel, Portable Programs", W. Tichy et al, TR 4/90, U Karlsruhe, Jan 1990]. (1994-10-21)
Modula-2 "language" A high-level programming language designed by {Niklaus Wirth} at {ETH} in 1978. It is a derivative of {Pascal} with well-defined interfaces between {modules}, and facilities for parallel computation. Modula-2 was developed as the system language for the {Lilith} {workstation}. The central concept is the {module} which may be used to encapsulate a set of related subprograms and data structures, and restrict their visibility from other portions of the program. Each module has a definition part giving the interface, and an implementation part. The language provides limited single-processor {concurrency} ({monitors}, {coroutines} and explicit transfer of control) and hardware access ({absolute address}es and {interrupts}). It uses {name equivalence}. {DEC FTP archive (ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/.1/DEC/Modula-2/m2.tar.Z)}. ["Programming in Modula-2", N. Wirth, Springer 1985]. (1995-10-25)
Modular Prolog An {interpreter} for {SB-Prolog} version 3.1 extended with {ML}-style {modules}. Runs on {SPARC}. Distributed under {GNU} {General Public License}. {(ftp://ftp.dcs.ed.ac.uk/pub/dts/mod-prolog.tar.Z)}. E-mail: Brian Paxton "mprolog@dcs.ed.ac.uk". ["A Calculus for the Construction of Modular Prolog Programs", D. Sannella et al, J Logic Prog 12:147-177 (1992)]. (1994-10-25)
module 1. "programming" An independent piece of {software} which forms part of one or more larger {programs}. Different languages have different concepts of a module but there are several common ideas. Modules are usually compiled seperately (in compiled languages) and provide an {abstraction} or information hiding mechanism so that a module's implementation can be changed without requiring any change to other modules. In this respect they are similar to {objects} in an {object-oriented language}, though a module may contain many {procedures} and/or {functions} which would correspond to many objects. A module often has its own {name space} for {identifiers} so the same identifier may be used to mean different things in different modules. [Difference from {package}?]. 2. "hardware" An independent assembly of electronic components with some distinct function, e.g. a RAM module consisting of several RAM chips mounted on a small circuit board. (1997-10-27)
monitor 1. A {cathode-ray tube} and associated electronics connected to a computer's video output. A monitor may be either {monochrome} (black and white) or colour ({RGB}). Colour monitors may show either digital colour (each of the red, green and blue signals may be either on or off, giving eight possible colours: black, white, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta and yellow) or analog colour (red, green and blue signals are continuously variable allowing any combination to be displayed). Digital monitors are sometimes known as {TTL} because the voltages on the red, green and blue inputs are compatible with TTL logic chips. See also {gamut}, {multisync}, {visual display unit}. 2. A programming language construct which encapsulates variables, access procedures and initialisation code within an abstract data type. The monitor's variable may only be accessed via its access procedures and only one process may be actively accessing the monitor at any one time. The access procedures are {critical sections}. A monitor may have a queue of processes which are waiting to access it. 3. A hardware device that measures electrical events such as pulses or voltage levels in a digital computer. 4. To oversee a program during execution. For example, the monitor function in the {Unix} {C} library enables profiling of a certain range of code addresses. A histogram is produced showing how often the {program counter} was found to be at each position and how often each profiled function was called. {Unix} {man} page: monitor(3). 5. A control program within the {operating system} that manages the allocation of system resources to active programs. 6. A program that measures software performance.
Motorola 68010 "processor" A {microprocessor} from {Motorola}. It was the successor to the {Motorola 68000} and was followed by the {Motorola 68020}. Some instructions which were previously {user mode} were made {system mode}, which necessitated patches to a few programs. The 68010's main advantage over the 68000 was that it could recover from a {bus fault}. The 68000 {microcode} didn't save enough state to restart all instructions; the 68010 corrected this fault. This allowed it to use {paged virtual memory}. The 68010's DBxx (decrement and branch) instructions could hold and execute the preceding instruction in the {prefetch buffer}, allowing some two-instruction loops to execute without refetching instructions. At one time there was a 68010 variant that was pin-for-pin compatible with the 68000. Early {Amiga} hackers replaced their 68000s with 68010s in order to get a small performance increase. (1995-11-29)
mouse droppings 1. "graphics, operating system, jargon" {Pixels} (usually single) that are not properly restored when the {mouse pointer} moves away from a particular location on the screen, producing the appearance that the mouse pointer has left droppings behind. The major causes for this problem are {MS-DOS} programs that write to the screen memory corresponding to the mouse pointer's current location without hiding the mouse pointer first, and mouse drivers that do not quite support the {graphics mode} in use. 2. "web, jargon" The client address recorded in a {web} server's log whenever a client connects to a site. Users may be unaware that their activity is being logged in this way but the potential for misuse of the information is limited. [March 1996 Macworld, p260, Viewpoint article by Larry Irving]. (1994-12-05)
mouse "hardware, graphics" The most commonly used computer {pointing device}, first introduced by {Douglas Engelbart} in 1968. The mouse is a device used to manipulate an on-screen {pointer} that's normally shaped like an arrow. With the mouse in hand, the computer user can select, move, and change items on the screen. A conventional {roller-ball mouse} is slid across the surface of the desk, often on a {mouse mat}. As the mouse moves, a ball set in a depression on the underside of the mouse rolls accordingly. The ball is also in contact with two small shafts set at right angles to each other inside the mouse. The rotating ball turns the shafts, and sensors inside the mouse measure the shafts' rotation. The distance and direction information from the sensors is then transmitted to the computer, usually through a connecting wire - the mouse's "tail". The computer then moves the mouse pointer on the screen to follow the movements of the mouse. This may be done directly by the {graphics adaptor}, but where it involves the processor the task should be assigned a high {priority} to avoid any perceptible delay. Some mice are contoured to fit the shape of a person's right hand, and some come in left-handed versions. Other mice are symmetrical. Included on the mouse are usually two or three buttons that the user may press, or click, to initiate various actions such as running {programs} or opening {files}. The left-most button (the {primary mouse button}) is operated with the index finger to select and activate objects represented on the screen. Different {operating systems} and {graphical user interfaces} have different conventions for using the other button(s). Typical operations include calling up a {context-sensitive menu}, modifying the selection, or pasting text. With fewer mouse buttons these require combinations of mouse and keyboard actions. Between its left and right buttons, a mouse may also have a wheel that can be used for scrolling or other special operations defined by the software. Some systems allow the mouse button assignments to be swapped round for left-handed users. Just moving the pointer across the screen with the mouse typically does nothing (though some CAD systems respond to patterns of mouse movement with no buttons pressed). Normally, the pointer is positioned over something on the screen (an {icon} or a {menu} item), and the user then clicks a mouse button to actually affect the screen display. The five most common "gestures" performed with the mouse are: {point} (to place the pointer over an on-screen item), {click} (to press and release a mouse button), {double-click} {to press and release a mouse button twice in rapid succession}, {right-click} (to press and release the right mouse button}, and {drag} (to hold down the mouse button while moving the mouse). Most modern computers include a mouse as standard equipment. However, some systems, especially portable {laptop} and {notebook} models, may have a {trackball}, {touchpad} or {Trackpoint} on or next to the {keyboard}. These input devices work like the mouse, but take less space and don't need a desk. Many other alternatives to the conventional roller-ball mouse exist. A {tailless mouse}, or {hamster}, transmits its information with {infrared} impulses. A {foot-controlled mouse (http://footmouse.com/)} is one used on the floor underneath the desk. An {optical mouse} uses a {light-emitting diode} and {photocells} instead of a rolling ball to track its position. Some optical designs may require a special mouse mat marked with a grid, others, like the Microsoft IntelliMouse Explorer, work on nearly any surface. {Yahoo! (http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Companies/Computers/Hardware/Peripherals/Input_Devices/Mice/)}. {(http://peripherals.about.com/library/weekly/aa041498.htm)}. {PC Guide's "Troubleshooting Mice" (http://pcguide.com/ts/x/comp/mice.htm)}. (1999-07-21)
Multi-channel Memorandum Distribution Facility "messaging" (MMDF) An {electronic mail} system for Unix(?) which is much easier to configure than {sendmail}. The source is available. MMDF is a versatile and configurable mail routing system ({MTA}) which also includes user interface programs ({MUA}). It can be set up to route mail to different {domains} and {hosts} over different channels (e.g. {SMTP}, {UUCP}). On {UNIX} systems, its configuration begins with the /usr/mmdf/mmdftailor file, which defines the machine and domain names, various other configuration tables (alias, domain, channel) and other configuration information. [Home?] (1997-01-14)
Multipop-68 "operating system" An early {time-sharing} {operating system} developed in Edinburgh by Robin Popplestone and others. It was inspired by {MIT}' {Project MAC}, via a "MiniMac" project which was aborted when it became obvious that {Elliot Brothers} Ltd. could not supply the necessary disk storage. Multipop was highly efficient in its use of machine resources to support {symbolic programming}, and effective - e.g. in supporting the development of the {Boyer-Moore theorem prover} and of Burstall and Darlington's transformation work. It was not good at supporting the user programs which were then the standard fare of computing, e.g. matrix inversion. This arose from the fact that while the {POP-2} compiler generated good code for function call (which is a lot of what layered systems like operating systems do) it did not generate efficient code for arithmetic or store access, because there was no way to police the generation of illegal objects statically. ({Hindley-Milner type} checking did not exist). Indeed, since many OS features like file-access were performed by function-call (of a {closure}) rather than an OS call requiring a {context switch}, POP-2 actually gained performance. Multipop68 was efficient primarily because the one language, POP-2 served all purposes: it was the command language for the operating system as well as being the only available programming language. Thus there was no need to swap in compilers etc. All store management was accomplished uniformly by the {garbage collector}, as opposed to having store management for the OS and store management for each application. There was a substantial amount of {assembly language} in Multipop68. This was primarily for interrupt handling, and it is difficult to handle this without a {real-time} garbage-collector. [Edited from a posting by Robin Popplestone]. (1995-03-15)
My Favourite Toy Language "jargon, language" (MFTL) Describes a talk on a {programming language} design that is heavy on {syntax} (with lots of {BNF}), sometimes even talks about {semantics} (e.g. {type systems}), but rarely, if ever, has any content (see {content-free}). More broadly applied to talks - even when the topic is not a programming language --- in which the subject matter is gone into in unnecessary and meticulous detail at the sacrifice of any conceptual content. "Well, it was a typical MFTL talk". 2. A language about which the developers are passionate (often to the point of prosyletic zeal) but no one else cares about. Applied to the language by those outside the originating group. "He cornered me about type resolution in his MFTL." The first great goal in the mind of the designer of an MFTL is usually to write a compiler for it, then bootstrap the design away from contamination by lesser languages by writing a compiler for it in itself. Thus, the standard put-down question at an MFTL talk is "Has it been used for anything besides its own compiler?". On the other hand, a language that *cannot* be used to write its own compiler is beneath contempt. {Doug McIlroy} once proposed a test of the generality and utility of a language and the {operating system} under which it is compiled: "Is the output of a {Fortran} program acceptable as input to the Fortran compiler?" In other words, can you write programs that write programs? Alarming numbers of (language, OS) pairs fail this test, particularly when the language is Fortran. Aficionados are quick to point out that {Unix} (even using Fortran) passes it handily. That the test could ever be failed is only surprising to those who have had the good fortune to have worked only under modern systems which lack OS-supported and -imposed "file types". See {break-even point}, {toolsmith}. (1995-03-07)
National Database Language "database, standard" (NDL) A US {standard} for portability of {database} definitions and {application programs}. (1996-06-24)
network operating system "networking, operating system" (NOS) An {operating system} which includes {software} to communicate with other computers via a {network}. This allows resources such as files, {application programs}, and {printers} to be shared between computers. Examples are {Berkeley Software Distribution} {Unix}, {Novell}, {LAntastic}, {MS LAN Manager}. [Is there a specific OS called "Network Operating System"?] (2001-03-13)
New York University (NYU) Established in 1831, New York University today includes thirteen schools, colleges and divisions located in New York City's borough of Manhattan, as well as research centers and programs in the surrounding suburbs and abroad. {(http://nyu.edu/)}.
noddy /nod'ee/ [UK: from the children's books] 1. Small and un-useful, but demonstrating a point. Noddy programs are often written by people learning a new language or system. The archetypal noddy program is {hello, world}. Noddy code may be used to demonstrate a feature or bug of a compiler. May be used of real hardware or software to imply that it isn't worth using. "This editor's a bit noddy." 2. A program that is more or less instant to produce. In this use, the term does not necessarily connote uselessness, but describes a {hack} sufficiently trivial that it can be written and debugged while carrying on (and during the space of) a normal conversation. "I'll just throw together a noddy {awk} script to dump all the first fields." In North America this might be called a {mickey mouse program}. See {toy program}. 3. A simple (hence the name) language to handle text and interaction on the {Memotech} home computer. Has died with the machine. [{Jargon File}]
Novell DOS "operating system, product" {Novell}'s fully compatible alternative to {MS-DOS}. It is intended as an {operating system} for {workstations} on {Novell} networks. It features enhanced {memory management} that moves the operating system, {network drivers}, and {memory-resident programs} ({TSRs}) out of conventional memory on all systems with an {Intel 80286} or later processor and {extended memory} or {expanded memory}. It supports {preemptive multitasking} and {peer-to-peer networking} using the same {DOS Requester} and {VLMs} for a "common client" with native {Novell NetWare}. A data {compression} utility effectively doubles storage capacity of the hard disk. It supports disk {defragmentation}, a read/write {disk cache} for better performance of both DOS and {Microsoft Windows} {application programs}. An undelete utility recovers erased files, even on network drives. It has a complete on-line reference guide, command help, and menu-driven install and setup utilities for easy configuration changes. Novell DOS has internal and external commands like {MS-DOS}. The following commands have been significantly enhanced in Novell DOS: CHKDSK, DISKCOPY, HELP, MEM, REPLACE, UNDELETE, and XCOPY. Novell DOS also includes many new commands such as XDIR, CURSOR, XDEL, TOUCH, SCRIPT, and RENDIR. Version: 7. (1995-04-14)
Obfuscated C Contest "programming" The International Obfuscated C Code Contest (IOCCC) is an annual contest run since 1984 over {Usenet} by Landon Curt Noll and friends. The overall winner is whoever produces the most unreadable, creative, and bizarre (but working) {C} program. Various other prizes are awarded at the judges' whim. C's terse {syntax} and {macro-preprocessor} facilities give contestants a lot of maneuvering room. The winning programs often manage to be simultaneously funny, breathtaking works of art and horrible examples of how *not* to code in C. This relatively short and sweet {hello, world} program demonstrates obfuscated C: /* HELLO WORLD program * by Jack Applin and Robert Heckendorn, 1985 */ main(v,c)char**c;{for(v[c++]="Hello, world!\n)"; (!!c)[*c]&&(v--||--c&&execlp(*c,*c,c[!!c]+!!c,!c)); **c=!c)write(!!*c,*c,!!**c);} Here's another good one: /* Program to compute an approximation of pi * by Brian Westley, 1988 */
Object-code Buffer Overrun Evaluator "security, programming, tool" (OBOE) A tool by R. Banfi, D. Bruschi, and E. Rosti for the automatic detection of {buffer overflow} {vulnerabilities} in {object code}. OBOE can be applied to {operating system} components as well as ordinary {application programs}. It was designed for the {system administrator} to identify vulnerable programs before they are exploited. Being automatic, OBOE can be run as a {background process} for the analysis of all potentially insecure programs installed on a {Unix} system. It runs on {HP-UX}, {Linux}, and {Sun} {Solaris}. {(http://idea.sec.dsi.unimi.it/research.html)}. (2003-10-25)
object-oriented database "database" (OODB) A system offering {DBMS} facilities in an {object-oriented programming} environment. Data is stored as {objects} and can be interpreted only using the {methods} specified by its {class}. The relationship between similar objects is preserved ({inheritance}) as are references between objects. Queries can be faster because {joins} are often not needed (as in a {relational database}). This is because an object can be retrieved directly without a search, by following its object id. The same programming language can be used for both data definition and data manipulation. The full power of the database programming language's {type system} can be used to model {data structures} and the relationship between the different data items. {Multimedia} {applications} are facilitated because the {class} {methods} associated with the data are responsible for its correct interpretation. OODBs typically provide better support for {versioning}. An object can be viewed as the set of all its versions. Also, object versions can be treated as full fledged objects. OODBs also provide systematic support for {triggers} and {constraints} which are the basis of {active databases}. Most, if not all, object-oriented {application programs} that have database needs will benefit from using an OODB. {Ode} is an example of an OODB built on {C++}. (1997-12-07)
occurs check "programming" A feature of some implementations of {unification} which causes unification of a {logic variable} V and a structure S to fail if S contains V. Binding a variable to a structure containing that variable results in a cyclic structure which may subsequently cause unification to loop forever. Some implementations use extra pointer comparisons to avoid this. Most implementations of {Prolog} do not perform the occurs check for reasons of efficiency. Without occurs check the {complexity} of {unification} is O(min(size(term1), size(term2))) with occurs check it's O(max(size(term1), size(term2))) In {theorem proving} unification without the occurs check can lead to unsound inference. For example, in {Prolog} it is quite valid to write X = f(X). which will succeed, binding X to a cyclic structure. Clearly however, if f is taken to stand for a function rather than a {constructor}, then the above equality is only valid if f is the {identity function}. Weijland calls unification without occur check, "complete unification". The reference below describes a complete unification algorithm in terms of Colmerauer's consistency algorithm. ["Semantics for Logic Programs without Occur Check", W.P. Weijland, Theoretical Computer Science 71 (1990) pp 155-174]. (1996-01-11)
Ode An {Object-Oriented Database} from {AT&T} which extends {C++} and supports fast queries, complex application modelling and {multimedia}. Ode uses one integrated data model ({C++} {class}es) for both database and general purpose manipulation. An Ode database is a collection of {persistent} {objects}. It is defined, queried and manipulated using the language {O++}. O++ programs can be compiled with C++ programs, thus allowing the use of existing C++ code. O++ provides facilities for specifying transactions, creating and manipulating persistent objects, querying the database and creating and manipulating versions. The Ode object database provides four object compatible mechanisms for manipulating and querying the database. As well as O++ there are OdeView - an {X Window System} interface; OdeFS (a file system interface allowing objects to be treated and manipulated like normal Unix files); and CQL++, a {C++} variant of {SQL} for easing the transition from {relational databases} to OODBs such as Ode. Ode supports large objects (critical for {multimedia} applications). Ode tracks the relationship between versions of objects and provides facilities for accessing different versions. Transactions can be specified as read-only; such transactions are faster because they are not logged and they are less likely to {deadlock}. 'Hypothetical' transactions allow users to pose "what-if" scenarios (as with {spreadsheets}). EOS, the {storage engine} of Ode, is based on a client-server architecture. EOS supports {concurrency} based on {multi-granularity} two-version two-phase locking; it allows many readers and one writer to access the same item simultaneously. Standard two-phase locking is also available. Ode supports both a {client-server} mode for multiple users with concurrent access and a single user mode giving improved performance. Ode 3.0 is currently being used as the {multimedia} {database engine} for {AT&T}'s {Interactive TV} project. Ode 2.0 has also been distributed to more than 80 sites within AT&T and more than 340 universities. Ode is available free to universities under a non-disclosure agreement. The current version, 3.0, is available only for {Sun} {SPARCstations} running {SunOS} 4.1.3 and {Solaris} 2.3. Ode is being ported to {Microsoft} {Windows NT}, {Windows 95} and {SGI} {platforms}. E-mail: Narain Gehani "nhg@research.att.com". (1994-08-18)
Opal 1. A {DSP} language. ["OPAL: A High Level Language and Environment for DSP boards on PC", J.P. Schwartz et al, Proc ICASSP-89, 1989]. 2. The language of the {object-oriented database} {GemStone}. ["Making Smalltalk a Database System", G. Copeland et al, Proc SIGMOD'84, ACM 1984, pp.316- 325]. 3. A {simulation} language with provision for {stochastic variables}. An extension of {Autostat}. ["C-E-I-R OPAL", D. Pilling, Internal Report, C.E.I.R. Ltd. (1963)]. 4. A language for compiler testing said to be used internally by {DEC}. 5. A {functional programming} language designed at the {Technische Universitaet Berlin} as a testbed for the development of {functional programs}. OPAL integrates concepts from Algebraic Specification and Functional Programming, which favour the (formal) development of (large) production-quality software written in a {purely functional} style. The core of OPAL is a {strongly typed}, {higher-order}, {strict} applicative language which belongs to the tradition of {Hope} and {ML}. The algebraic flavour of OPAL is visible in the syntactical appearance and in the preference of {parameterisation} to {polymorphism}. OPAL supports: {information hiding} - each language unit is divided into an interface (signature) and an implementation part; selective import; {parameterised modules}; free constructor {views} on {sorts}, which allow pattern-based function definitions despite quite different implementations; full {overloading} of names; puristic scheme language with no {built-in} data types (except {Booleans} and denotations). OPAL and its predecessor OPAL-0 have been used for some time at the Technische Universitaet Berlin in CS courses and for research into optimising compilers for applicative languages. The OPAL compiler itself is writte entirely in OPAL. An overview is given in "OPAL: Design And Implementation of an Algebraic Programming Language". {(http://cs.tu-berlin.de/~opal/)}. {(ftp://ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de/pub/local/uebb/papers/DesignImplOpal.ps.gz)}. (1995-02-16)
OpenDoc "operating system" A compound document architecture from {CIL} based on {CORBA}. It aims to enable embedding of features from different {application programs} into a single working document. (1997-02-21)
open source "philosophy, legal" A method and philosophy for software licensing and distribution designed to encourage use and improvement of software written by volunteers by ensuring that anyone can copy the {source code} and modify it freely. The term "open source" is now more widely used than the earlier term "{free software}" (promoted by the {Free Software Foundation}) but has broadly the same meaning - free of distribution restrictions, not necessarily free of charge. There are various {open source licenses} available. Programmers can choose an appropriate license to use when distributing their programs. The {Open Source Initiative} promotes the {Open Source Definition}. {The Cathedral and the Bazaar (http://tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar.html)}. was a seminal paper describing the open source phenomenon. {Open Sources - O'Reilly book with full text online (http://oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/perens.html)}. {Articles from ZDNet (http://zdnet.com/pcmag/features/opensource/)}. (1999-12-29)
operating system "operating system" (OS) The low-level {software} which handles the interface to {peripheral} {hardware}, schedules {tasks}, allocates {storage}, and presents a default {interface} to the user when no {application program} is running. The OS may be split into a {kernel} which is always present and various system programs which use facilities provided by the kernel to perform higher-level {house-keeping} tasks, often acting as {servers} in a {client-server} relationship. Some would include a {graphical user interface} and {window system} as part of the OS, others would not. The {operating system loader}, {BIOS}, or other {firmware} required at {boot time} or when installing the operating system would generally not be considered part of the operating system, though this distinction is unclear in the case of a {rommable operating system} such as {RISC OS}. The facilities an operating system provides and its general design philosophy exert an extremely strong influence on programming style and on the technical cultures that grow up around the machines on which it runs. Example operating systems include {386BSD}, {AIX}, {AOS}, {Amoeba}, {Angel}, {Artemis microkernel}, {BeOS}, {Brazil}, {COS}, {CP/M}, {CTSS}, {Chorus}, {DACNOS}, {DOSEXEC 2}, {GCOS}, {GEORGE 3}, {GEOS}, {ITS}, {KAOS}, {Linux}, {LynxOS}, {MPV}, {MS-DOS}, {MVS}, {Mach}, {Macintosh operating system}, {Microsoft Windows}, {MINIX}, {Multics}, {Multipop-68}, {Novell NetWare}, {OS-9}, {OS/2}, {Pick}, {Plan 9}, {QNX}, {RISC OS}, {STING}, {System V}, {System/360}, {TOPS-10}, {TOPS-20}, {TRUSIX}, {TWENEX}, {TYMCOM-X}, {Thoth}, {Unix}, {VM/CMS}, {VMS}, {VRTX}, {VSTa}, {VxWorks}, {WAITS}. {FAQ (ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/usenet/news-info/comp.os.research)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.os.research}. [{Jargon File}] (1999-06-09)
OS/2 /O S too/ {IBM} and {Microsoft}'s successor to the {MS-DOS} {operating system} for {Intel 80286} and {Intel 80386}-based {microprocessors}. It is proof that they couldn't get it right the second time either. Often called "Half-an-OS". The design was so {baroque}, and the implementation of 1.x so bad, that 3 years after introduction you could still count the major {application programs} shipping for it on the fingers of two hands, in {unary}. Later versions improved somewhat, and informed hackers now rate them superior to {Microsoft Windows}, which isn't saying much. See {second-system effect}. On an {Intel 80386} or better, OS/2 can {multitask} between existing {MS-DOS} {applications}. OS/2 is strong on connectivity and the provision of robust {virtual machines}. It can support {Microsoft Windows} programs in addition to its own {native} applications. It also supports the {Presentation Manager} {graphical user interface}. {OS/2} supports {hybrid multiprocessing} (HMP), which provides some elements of {symmetric multiprocessing} (SMP), using add-on IBM software called {MP/2}. OS/2 SMP was planned for release in late 1993. After OS/2 1.x the {IBM} and {Microsoft} partnership split. IBM continued to develop OS/2 2.0, while Microsoft developed what was originally intended to be OS/2 3.0 into {Windows NT}. In October 1994, IBM released version OS/2 3.0 (known as "Warp") but it is only distantly related to {Windows NT}. This version raised the limit on RAM from 16MB to 1GB (like Windows NT). IBM introduced networking with "OS/2 Warp Connect", the first multi-user version. OS/2 Warp 4.0 ("Merlin") is a {network operating system}. {(http://mit.edu:8001/activities/os2/os2world.html)}. [Dates?] [{Jargon File}] (1995-07-20)
Ousterhout's dichotomy "language" {John Ousterhout}'s division of {high-level languages} into "system programming languages" and "scripting languages". This distinction underlies the design of his language {Tcl}. System programming languages (or "applications languages") are {strongly typed}, allow arbitrarily complex {data structures}, and programs in them are {compiled}, and are meant to operate largely independently of other programs. Prototypical system programming languages are {C} and {Modula-2}. By contrast, scripting languages (or "glue languages") are weakly typed or untyped, have little or no provision for complex data structures, and programs in them ("{scripts}") are {interpreted}. Scripts need to interact either with other programs (often as {glue}) or with a set of functions provided by the interpreter, as with the {file system} functions provided in a {UNIX shell} and with {Tcl}'s {GUI} functions. Prototypical scripting languages are {AppleScript}, {C Shell}, {MS-DOS} {batch files} and {Tcl}. Many believe that this is a highly arbitrary dichotomy, and refer to it as "Ousterhout's fallacy" or "Ousterhout's false dichotomy". While strong-versus-weak typing, data structure complexity, and independent versus stand-alone might be said to be unrelated features, the usual critique of Ousterhout's dichotomy is of its distinction of compilation versus interpretation, since neither {semantics} nor {syntax} depend significantly on whether code is compiled into {machine-language}, interpreted, {tokenized}, or {byte-compiled} at the start of each run, or any mixture of these. Many languages fall between being interpreted or compiled (e.g. {Lisp}, {Forth}, {UCSD Pascal}, {Perl}, and {Java}). This makes compilation versus interpretation a dubious parameter in a taxonomy of programming languages. (2002-05-28)
P3L (Superscript 3). A language with explicit parallelism including constructs for {farms} and {geometric parallelism}. P3L currently uses {C++} as a host language. [S. Pelagatti, "A method for the development and the support of massively parallel programs. PhD Thesis - TD 11/93, University of Pisa, Mar 1993]. (1994-07-15)
packet driver "networking" {IBM PC} {local area network} software that divides data into {packets} which it routes to the network. It also handles incoming data, reassembling the packets so that {application programs} can read the data as a continuous stream. {FTP Software} created the specification for {IBM PC} packet drivers but {Crynwr Software} dominate the market and have done the vast majority of the implementations. Packet drivers provide a simple, common programming interface that allows multiple {applications} to share a {network interface} at the {data link} layer. Packet drivers demultiplex incoming packets among the applications by using the network media's {standard packet type} or {service access point} field(s). The packet driver provides calls to initiate access to a specific packet type, to end access to it, to send a packet, to get statistics on the network interface and to get information about the interface. Protocol implementations that use the packet driver can coexist and can make use of one another's services, whereas multiple applications which do not use the driver do not coexist on one machine properly. Through use of the packet driver, a user could run {TCP/IP}, {XNS} and a proprietary protocol implementation such as {DECnet}, {Banyan}'s, {LifeNet}'s, {Novell}'s or {3Com}'s without the difficulties associated with pre-empting the network interface. Applications which use the packet driver can also run on new network hardware of the same class without being modified; only a new packet driver need be supplied. There are several levels of packet driver. The first is the basic packet driver, which provides minimal functionality but should be simple to implement and which uses very few host resources. The basic driver provides operations to broadcast and receive packets. The second driver is the extended packet driver, which is a superset of the basic driver. The extended driver supports less commonly used functions of the network interface such as {multicast}, and also gathers statistics on use of the interface and makes these available to the application. The third level, the high-performance functions, support performance improvements and tuning. {(http://crynwr.com/crynwr/home.html)}. (1994-12-05)
Paradise Paradise is a subsystem (a set of packages) developed to implement inter-processes, inter-tasks and inter-machine communication for {Ada} programs under {Unix}. This subsystem gives the user full access to files, {pipes}, {sockets} (both Unix and {Internet}) and {pseudo-devices}. Paradise has been ported to {Sun}, {DEC}, {Sony MIPS}, {Verdex} compiler, DEC compiler, {Alsys}/{Systeam} compiler. {Version 2.0 of the library (ftp://cnam.cnam.fr/pub/Ada/Paradise)}. E-mail: "paradise-info@cnam.cnam.fr". (1992-09-30)
PARMACS The "Argonne macros" from {Argonne National Laboratory}. A package of {macros} written in {m4} for portable {parallel programming}, using {monitors} on {shared memory} machines, and {message passing} on {distributed memory} machines. [E. Lusk et al, "Portable Programs for Parallel Processors", HRW 1987. p4]. {(ftp://research.att.com/netlib/parmacs)}.
password "security" An arbitrary string of characters chosen by a user or {system administrator} and used to authenticate the user when he attempts to log on, in order to prevent unauthorised access to his account. A favourite activity among unimaginative {computer nerds} and {crackers} is writing programs which attempt to discover passwords by using lists of commonly chosen passwords such as people's names (spelled forward or backward). It is recommended that to defeat such methods passwords use a mixture of upper and lower case letters or digits and avoid proper names and real words. If you have trouble remembering random strings of characters, make up an acronym like "ihGr8trmP" ("I have great trouble remembering my password"). (1994-10-27)
P-code "language" The {intermediate language} produced by the {Pascal-P} {compiler}. P-code is the {assembly language} for a hypothetical {stack machine}, the P-machine, said to imitate the {instruction set} of the {Burroughs 6700}. The term was first used in the Wirth reference below. {Byte} articles on writing a Pascal Compiler in {Northstar BASIC} (ca Aug 1978) also used the term. P-code was initially the intermediate code generated by the P2 compiler from ETH Zurich. P-code was later used as the intermediate language in the {UCSD Pascal System}, and in its two main derivatives, {Apple Pascal} and the {UCSD P-system}. Variants: P2 P-code, P4 P-code, UCSD P-code, LASL P-code. [Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs, N. Wirth, P-H 1976]. ["A Comparison of PASCAL Intermediate Languages", P.A. Nelson, SIGPLAN Notices 14(8):208-213, Aug 1979]. (2004-11-08)
Perl "language, tool" A {high-level} programming language, started by {Larry Wall} in 1987 and developed as an {open source} project. It has an eclectic heritage, deriving from the ubiquitous {C} programming language and to a lesser extent from {sed}, {awk}, various {Unix} {shell} languages, {Lisp}, and at least a dozen other tools and languages. Originally developed for {Unix}, it is now available for many {platforms}. Perl's elaborate support for {regular expression} matching and substitution has made it the {language of choice} for tasks involving {string manipulation}, whether for text or binary data. It is particularly popular for writing {CGI scripts}. The language's highly flexible syntax and concise regular expression operators, make densely written Perl code indecipherable to the uninitiated. The syntax is, however, really quite simple and powerful and, once the basics have been mastered, a joy to write. Perl's only {primitive} data type is the "scalar", which can hold a number, a string, the undefined value, or a typed reference. Perl's {aggregate} data types are {arrays}, which are ordered lists of {scalars} indexed by {natural numbers}, and hashes (or "{associative arrays}") which are unordered lists of scalars indexed by strings. A reference can point to a scalar, array, hash, {function}, or {filehandle}. {Objects} are implemented as references "{blessed}" with a {class} name. Strings in Perl are {eight-bit clean}, including {nulls}, and so can contain {binary data}. Unlike C but like most Lisp dialects, Perl internally and dynamically handles all memory allocation, {garbage collection}, and type {coercion}. Perl supports {closures}, {recursive functions}, {symbols} with either {lexical scope} or {dynamic scope}, nested {data structures} of arbitrary content and complexity (as lists or hashes of references), and packages (which can serve as classes, optionally inheriting {methods} from one or more other classes). There is ongoing work on {threads}, {Unicode}, {exceptions}, and {backtracking}. Perl program files can contain embedded documentation in {POD} (Plain Old Documentation), a simple markup language. The normal Perl distribution contains documentation for the language, as well as over a hundred modules (program libraries). Hundreds more are available from The {Comprehensive Perl Archive Network}. Modules are themselves generally written in Perl, but can be implemented as interfaces to code in other languages, typically compiled C. The free availability of modules for almost any conceivable task, as well as the fact that Perl offers direct access to almost all {system calls} and places no arbitrary limits on data structure size or complexity, has led some to describe Perl, in a parody of a famous remark about {lex}, as the "Swiss Army chainsaw" of programming. The use of Perl has grown significantly since its adoption as the language of choice of many {web} developers. {CGI} interfaces and libraries for Perl exist for several {platforms} and Perl's speed and flexibility make it well suited for form processing and on-the-fly {web page} creation. Perl programs are generally stored as {text} {source} files, which are compiled into {virtual machine} code at run time; this, in combination with its rich variety of data types and its common use as a glue language, makes Perl somewhat hard to classify as either a "{scripting language}" or an "{applications language}" -- see {Ousterhout's dichotomy}. Perl programs are usually called "Perl scripts", if only for historical reasons. Version 5 was a major rewrite and enhancement of version 4, released sometime before November 1993. It added real {data structures} by way of "references", un-adorned {subroutine} calls, and {method} {inheritance}. The spelling "Perl" is preferred over the older "PERL" (even though some explain the language's name as originating in the acronym for "Practical Extraction and Report Language"). The program that interprets/compiles Perl code is called "perl", typically "/usr/local/bin/perl" or "/usr/bin/perl". {(http://perl.com/)}. {Usenet} newsgroups: {news:comp.lang.perl.announce}, {news:comp.lang.perl.misc}. ["Programming Perl", Larry Wall and Randal L. Schwartz, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Sebastopol, CA. ISBN 0-93715-64-1]. ["Learning Perl" by Randal L. Schwartz, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., Sebastopol, CA]. [{Jargon File}] (1999-12-04)
phage A program that modifies other programs or databases in unauthorised ways; especially one that propagates a {virus} or {Trojan horse}. See also {worm}, {mockingbird}. The analogy, of course, is with phage viruses in biology. [{Jargon File}]
phase of the moon Used humorously as a random parameter on which something is said to depend. Sometimes implies unreliability of whatever is dependent, or that reliability seems to be dependent on conditions nobody has been able to determine. "This feature depends on having the channel open in mumble mode, having the foo switch set, and on the phase of the moon." See also {heisenbug}. True story: Once upon a time there was a {bug} that really did depend on the phase of the moon. There was a little subroutine that had traditionally been used in various programs at {MIT} to calculate an approximation to the moon's true phase. {GLS} incorporated this routine into a {Lisp} program that, when it wrote out a file, would print a timestamp line almost 80 characters long. Very occasionally the first line of the message would be too long and would overflow onto the next line, and when the file was later read back in the program would {barf}. The length of the first line depended on both the precise date and time and the length of the phase specification when the timestamp was printed, and so the bug literally depended on the phase of the moon! The first paper edition of the {Jargon File} (Steele-1983) included an example of one of the timestamp lines that exhibited this bug, but the typesetter "corrected" it. This has since been described as the phase-of-the-moon-bug bug. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-22)
PI "programming" An {interface} between {Prolog} {application programs} and the {X Window System} that aims to be independent from the {Prolog} {engine}, provided that it has a {Quintus} {foreign function} interface (e.g. {SICStus} and {YAP}). PI is mostly written in {Prolog} and is divided in two libraries: Edipo - the lower level interface to the {Xlib} functions; and Ytoolkit - the higher level user interface toolkit. {(ftp://ftp.ncc.up.pt/pub/prolog/ytoolkit.tar.Z)}. E-mail: Ze' Paulo Leal "zp@ncc.up.pt". (1993-03-02)
Plain Old Documentation "text" (pod, occasionally "POD") A simple {markup language} used to embed {documentation}, {literate programming}-style, in {Perl} programs. Pod readers and converters are part of the standard Perl distribution and the documentation provided with Perl is all in pod format. {The Pod Specification (http://perl.com/CPAN-local/doc/manual/html/pod/perlpod.html)}. (1998-12-18)
Plumber "programming, tool" A system for obtaining information about {memory leaks} in {Ada} and {C} programs. {(http://home.earthlink.net/~owenomalley/plumber.html)}. (17 Feb 1999)
PowerOpen Environment "operating system" (POE) A definition containing {API} and {ABI} specifications based on the {PowerPC} architecture. It is not an {operating system}. The presence of the ABI specification in the POE distinguishes it from other open systems (POSIX, XPG4, etc.) since it allows {platform} independent binary compatibility which is otherwise typically limited to particular hardware. The POE is an {open standard}, derived from {AIX} and conforming to industry open standards including {POSIX}, {XPG4} and {Motif}. The POE specification will be publicly available to anyone wishing to produce either {application programs} or hardware {platforms}. The {PowerOpen Association} will provide the necessary {conformance test}ing and POE branding. The POE is hardware {bus} independent. System implementations can range from {laptop computers} to {supercomputers}. It requires a multi-user, {multitasking} {operating system}. It provides networking support, an {X Window System} extension, a {Macintosh} Application Services extension and {Motif}. It is {conformance test}ed and certified by an independent party (the {PowerOpen Association}). The POE specification is targeted for availability in the first quarter of 1994. The {PowerOpen Association} will soon have some of the information material available on-line. (1994-11-08)
preprocessor "programming" A program that transforms input data in some way before it is read by the main program. In the case of a {compiler}, the input is {source code}. The main advantage of using a preprocessor is that it is possible to change the specification of the input data without changing the main program. The separation can also help to make the system's overall behaviour easier to understand. The disadvantage is that performance may be reduced by the extra input and output performed between the two programs. For example, the {C} preprocessor, {cpp}, handles textual {macro} substitution (it acts as a "macro preprocessor"), {conditional compilation} and inclusion of other files. A preprocessor may be used to transform a program into a simpler language, e.g. to transform {C++} into {C}. (2007-04-05)
problem state {IBM} jargon for {user mode}, the opposite of "supervisor state". On IBM {System 360}, 370 and 390 {mainframes} {privileged instructions} may only be executed in "supervisor state". {Application programs} request the {operating system} to perform these operations by using the Supervisor Call (SVC) instruction. (1995-02-15)
Program Design Language Any of a large class of formal and profoundly useless pseudo-languages in which {management} forces one to design programs. Too often, management expects PDL descriptions to be maintained in parallel with the code, imposing massive overhead of little or no benefit. See also {flow chart}. (1995-04-01)
programmer "job" (Or "computer programmer", "developer") Someone who writes or debugs {computer programs}, for a living or for fun. "Analyst/developer" is a common equivalent job title, implying the added role of {system analysis}. The term may be qualified according to the type of {software} or {programming language} - "{application} programmer", "{system programmer}", {Perl} programmer, etc. A {contract programmer} usually has a fixed-length contract, unlike a permanent employee. (2000-01-24)
programming language "language" A {formal language} in which {computer programs} are written. The definition of a particular language consists of both {syntax} (how the various symbols of the language may be combined) and {semantics} (the meaning of the language constructs). Languages are classified as low level if they are close to {machine code} and high level if each language statement corresponds to many machine code instructions (though this could also apply to a low level language with extensive use of {macros}, in which case it would be debatable whether it still counted as low level). A roughly parallel classification is the description as {first generation language} through to {fifth generation language}. The other major classification of languages distinguishes between {imperative languages}, {procedural language} and {declarative languages}. {Programming languages in this dictionary (/contents/language.html)}. {Programming languages time-line/family tree (http://levenez.com/lang/history.html)}. (2004-05-17)
program transformation The systematic development of efficient programs from high-level specifications by meaning-preserving program manipulations. Also known as optimisation. See {fusion}, {loop combination}, {peephole optimisation}, {register allocation}, {tupling}, {unfold/fold}.
protocol layer "networking" The {software} and/or {hardware} environment of two or more communications devices or computers in which a particular {network} {protocol} operates. A network connection may be thought of as a set of more or less independent protocols, each in a different layer or level. The lowest layer governs direct host-to-host communication between the hardware at different hosts; the highest consists of user {application programs}. Each layer uses the layer beneath it and provides a service for the layer above. Each networking component {hardware or software} on one host uses {protocols} appropriate to its layer to communicate with the corresponding component (its "peer") on another host. Such layered protocols are sometimes known as peer-to-peer protocols. The advantages of layered {protocols} is that the methods of passing information from one layer to another are specified clearly as part of the {protocol} suite, and changes within a protocol layer are prevented from affecting the other layers. This greatly simplifies the task of designing and maintaining communication systems. Examples of layered protocols are {TCP/IP}'s five layer {protocol stack} and the {OSI} seven layer model. (1997-05-05)
pseudo-tty "operating system" {Berkeley} {Unix} networking device which appears to an {application program} as an ordinary terminal but which is in fact connected via the network to a process running on a different {host} or a windowing system. Pseudo-ttys have a slave half and a control half. The slave tty (/dev/ttyp*) is the device that user programs use and the control tty (/dev/ptyp*) is used by {daemons} to talk to the net. (1994-11-08)
QA4 Question-answering language. A procedural calculus for intuitive reasoning. A LISP-based pattern-matching language for theorem proving. "QA4, A Language for Writing Problem-Solving Programs", J.F. Rulifson et al, Proc IFIP Congress 1968.
Q "language" A very {high level language} by Per Bothner based on {lazy} generalised sequences. Q has {lexical scope}, and some support for {logic programming}[?] and {constraint} programming. The language includes small subsets of {Common Lisp} and {Scheme}. Q was a test-bed for programming language ideas. Where {APL} uses {arrays} for looping, Q uses generalised sequences which may be infinite and may be stored or calculated on demand. It has {macros}, {primitives} to run programs, and an {interactive} command language. Q is implemented in {C++}, and comes with an {interpreter}, {compiler} framework, libraries, and documentation. It runs on {Linux} and {SUN-4} and should work on any 32-bit {Unix}. {(http://kelso.bothner.com/~per/software/
QL "computer" (Quantum Leap) Sir {Clive Sinclair}'s first {Motorola 68008}-based {personal computer}, developed from around 1981 and released about 1983. The QL ran Sinclair's {QDOS} {operating system} which was the first {multitasking} OS on a home computer, though few programmers used this feature. It had a structured, extended {BASIC} and a suite of integrated {application programs} written by {Psion}. It featured innovative "{microdrives}" which were random-access tape drives. It was not a success. The microdrives were innovative but probably a mistake. Though reliable and quite quick, they sounded like they were going to jam and explode, releasing a shower of plastic shavings and tape into your face. The QL and QDOS only supported two graphics modes - ominously named high res and low res. High res had four (fixed) colours at a resolution of 512 by 256 {pixels}. Low res had 8 colours (black, blue, red, magenta, green, cyan, yellow, white) plus a flash mode with 256 by 256 pixels. The sound was next to useless - single channel single oscillator with various parameters for fuzz, pitch change. There was one internal {font}, scalable to 2 heights and 3 widths. Peripherals and enhancements included a {GUI} on a plug-in {ROM}, accelerator cards ({Motorola 68020}, 4 MB RAM), {floppy disks} and {hard disks}. In 1996 there is still some interest in the QL, spread by the Internet of course. {Emulation} software, {source code}, "The QL Hackers Journal" and similar are still available, and many QLs are on the net. {(http://imaginet.fr/~godefroy/english)}. (1996-08-01)
QLOG A version of {Prolog} implemented in {Lisp} which allows Prolog programs to call Lisp and vice versa. ["QLOG - The Programming Environment for Prolog in LISP", H.J. Komorowski in Logic Prgramming, K.L. Clark et al eds, Academic Press 1982]. (1995-01-25)
Quake A string-oriented language designed to support the construction of {Modula-3} programs from {modules}, interfaces and libraries. Written by Stephen Harrison of DEC SRC, 1993.
quine "programming" /kwi:n/ (After the logician Willard V. Quine, via Douglas Hofstadter) A program that generates a copy of its own source text as its complete output. Devising the shortest possible quine in some given programming language is a common hackish amusement. In most interpreted languages, any constant, e.g. 42, is a quine because it "evaluates to itself". In certain {Lisp} dialects (e.g. {Emacs Lisp}), the symbols "nil" and "t" are "self-quoting", i.e. they are both a symbol and also the value of that symbol. In some dialects, the function-forming function symbol, "lambda" is self-quoting so that, when applied to some arguments, it returns itself applied to those arguments. Here is a quine in {Lisp} using this idea: ((lambda (x) (list x x)) (lambda (x) (list x x))) Compare this to the {lambda expression}: (\ x . x x) (\ x . x x) which reproduces itself after one step of {beta reduction}. This is simply the result of applying the {combinator} {fix} to the {identity function}. In fact any quine can be considered as a {fixed point} of the language's evaluation mechanism. We can write this in {Lisp}: ((lambda (x) (funcall x x)) (lambda (x) (funcall x x))) where "funcall" applies its first argument to the rest of its arguments, but evaluation of this expression will never terminate so it cannot be called a quine. Here is a more complex version of the above Lisp quine, which will work in Scheme and other Lisps where "lambda" is not self-quoting: ((lambda (x) (list x (list (quote quote) x))) (quote (lambda (x) (list x (list (quote quote) x))))) It's relatively easy to write quines in other languages such as {PostScript} which readily handle programs as data; much harder (and thus more challenging!) in languages like {C} which do not. Here is a classic {C} quine for {ASCII} machines: char*f="char*f=%c%s%c;main() {printf(f,34,f,34,10);}%c"; main(){printf(f,34,f,34,10);} For excruciatingly exact quinishness, remove the interior line break. Some infamous {Obfuscated C Contest} entries have been quines that reproduced in exotic ways. {Ken Thompson}'s {back door} involved an interesting variant of a quine - a compiler which reproduced part of itself when compiling (a version of) itself. [{Jargon File}] (1995-04-25)
random-access memory "storage" (RAM) (Previously "direct-access memory"). A data storage device for which the order of access to different locations does not affect the speed of access. This is in contrast to, say, a {magnetic disk}, {magnetic tape} or a {mercury delay line} where it is very much quicker to access data sequentially because accessing a non-sequential location requires physical movement of the storage medium rather than just electronic switching. In the 1970s {magnetic core} memory was used and some old-timers still call RAM "core". The most common form of RAM in use today is {semiconductor} {integrated circuits}, which can be either {static random-access memory} (SRAM) or {dynamic random-access memory} (DRAM). The term "RAM" has gained the additional meaning of read-write. Most kinds of semiconductor {read-only memory} (ROM) are actually "random access" in the above sense but are never referred to as RAM. Furthermore, memory referred to as RAM can usually be read and written equally quickly (approximately), in contrast to the various kinds of {programmable read-only memory}. Finally, RAM is usually volatile though {non-volatile random-access memory} is also used. Interestingly, some {DRAM} devices are not truly random access because various kinds of "{page mode}" or "column mode" mean that sequential access is faster than random access. The humorous expansion "Rarely Adequate Memory" refers to the fact that programs and data always seem to expand to fill the memory available. (2007-10-12)
Read-Only Memory "storage" (ROM) A type of data storage device which is manufactured with fixed contents. In its most general sense, the term might be used for any storage system whose contents cannot be altered, such as a gramophone record or a printed book; however, the term is most often applied to {semiconductor} {integrated circuit} memories, of which there are several types, and {CD-ROM}. ROM is inherently {non-volatile storage} - it retains its contents even when the power is switched off, in contrast to {RAM}. ROM is often used to hold programs for {embedded systems} since these usually have a fixed purpose. ROM is also used for storage of the lowest level {bootstrap} software (firmware) in a computer. See also {Programmable Read-Only Memory}. (1995-05-09)
Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal "humour" Back in the good old days - the "Golden Era" of computers, it was easy to separate the men from the boys (sometimes called "Real Men" and "Quiche Eaters" in the literature). During this period, the Real Men were the ones that understood computer programming, and the Quiche Eaters were the ones that didn't. A real computer programmer said things like "DO 10 I=1,10" and "ABEND" (they actually talked in capital letters, you understand), and the rest of the world said things like "computers are too complicated for me" and "I can't relate to computers - they're so impersonal". (A previous work [1] points out that Real Men don't "relate" to anything, and aren't afraid of being impersonal.) But, as usual, times change. We are faced today with a world in which little old ladies can get computers in their microwave ovens, 12-year-old kids can blow Real Men out of the water playing Asteroids and Pac-Man, and anyone can buy and even understand their very own Personal Computer. The Real Programmer is in danger of becoming extinct, of being replaced by high-school students with {TRASH-80s}. There is a clear need to point out the differences between the typical high-school junior Pac-Man player and a Real Programmer. If this difference is made clear, it will give these kids something to aspire to -- a role model, a Father Figure. It will also help explain to the employers of Real Programmers why it would be a mistake to replace the Real Programmers on their staff with 12-year-old Pac-Man players (at a considerable salary savings). LANGUAGES The easiest way to tell a Real Programmer from the crowd is by the programming language he (or she) uses. Real Programmers use {Fortran}. Quiche Eaters use {Pascal}. Nicklaus Wirth, the designer of Pascal, gave a talk once at which he was asked how to pronounce his name. He replied, "You can either call me by name, pronouncing it 'Veert', or call me by value, 'Worth'." One can tell immediately from this comment that Nicklaus Wirth is a Quiche Eater. The only parameter passing mechanism endorsed by Real Programmers is call-by-value-return, as implemented in the {IBM 370} {Fortran-G} and H compilers. Real programmers don't need all these abstract concepts to get their jobs done - they are perfectly happy with a {keypunch}, a {Fortran IV} {compiler}, and a beer. Real Programmers do List Processing in Fortran. Real Programmers do String Manipulation in Fortran. Real Programmers do Accounting (if they do it at all) in Fortran. Real Programmers do {Artificial Intelligence} programs in Fortran. If you can't do it in Fortran, do it in {assembly language}. If you can't do it in assembly language, it isn't worth doing. STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING The academics in computer science have gotten into the "structured programming" rut over the past several years. They claim that programs are more easily understood if the programmer uses some special language constructs and techniques. They don't all agree on exactly which constructs, of course, and the examples they use to show their particular point of view invariably fit on a single page of some obscure journal or another - clearly not enough of an example to convince anyone. When I got out of school, I thought I was the best programmer in the world. I could write an unbeatable tic-tac-toe program, use five different computer languages, and create 1000-line programs that WORKED. (Really!) Then I got out into the Real World. My first task in the Real World was to read and understand a 200,000-line Fortran program, then speed it up by a factor of two. Any Real Programmer will tell you that all the Structured Coding in the world won't help you solve a problem like that - it takes actual talent. Some quick observations on Real Programmers and Structured Programming: Real Programmers aren't afraid to use {GOTOs}. Real Programmers can write five-page-long DO loops without getting confused. Real Programmers like Arithmetic IF statements - they make the code more interesting. Real Programmers write self-modifying code, especially if they can save 20 {nanoseconds} in the middle of a tight loop. Real Programmers don't need comments - the code is obvious. Since Fortran doesn't have a structured IF, REPEAT ... UNTIL, or CASE statement, Real Programmers don't have to worry about not using them. Besides, they can be simulated when necessary using {assigned GOTOs}. Data Structures have also gotten a lot of press lately. Abstract Data Types, Structures, Pointers, Lists, and Strings have become popular in certain circles. Wirth (the above-mentioned Quiche Eater) actually wrote an entire book [2] contending that you could write a program based on data structures, instead of the other way around. As all Real Programmers know, the only useful data structure is the Array. Strings, lists, structures, sets - these are all special cases of arrays and can be treated that way just as easily without messing up your programing language with all sorts of complications. The worst thing about fancy data types is that you have to declare them, and Real Programming Languages, as we all know, have implicit typing based on the first letter of the (six character) variable name. OPERATING SYSTEMS What kind of operating system is used by a Real Programmer? CP/M? God forbid - CP/M, after all, is basically a toy operating system. Even little old ladies and grade school students can understand and use CP/M. Unix is a lot more complicated of course - the typical Unix hacker never can remember what the PRINT command is called this week - but when it gets right down to it, Unix is a glorified video game. People don't do Serious Work on Unix systems: they send jokes around the world on {UUCP}-net and write adventure games and research papers. No, your Real Programmer uses OS 370. A good programmer can find and understand the description of the IJK305I error he just got in his JCL manual. A great programmer can write JCL without referring to the manual at all. A truly outstanding programmer can find bugs buried in a 6 megabyte {core dump} without using a hex calculator. (I have actually seen this done.) OS is a truly remarkable operating system. It's possible to destroy days of work with a single misplaced space, so alertness in the programming staff is encouraged. The best way to approach the system is through a keypunch. Some people claim there is a Time Sharing system that runs on OS 370, but after careful study I have come to the conclusion that they were mistaken. PROGRAMMING TOOLS What kind of tools does a Real Programmer use? In theory, a Real Programmer could run his programs by keying them into the front panel of the computer. Back in the days when computers had front panels, this was actually done occasionally. Your typical Real Programmer knew the entire bootstrap loader by memory in hex, and toggled it in whenever it got destroyed by his program. (Back then, memory was memory - it didn't go away when the power went off. Today, memory either forgets things when you don't want it to, or remembers things long after they're better forgotten.) Legend has it that {Seymore Cray}, inventor of the Cray I supercomputer and most of Control Data's computers, actually toggled the first operating system for the CDC7600 in on the front panel from memory when it was first powered on. Seymore, needless to say, is a Real Programmer. One of my favorite Real Programmers was a systems programmer for Texas Instruments. One day he got a long distance call from a user whose system had crashed in the middle of saving some important work. Jim was able to repair the damage over the phone, getting the user to toggle in disk I/O instructions at the front panel, repairing system tables in hex, reading register contents back over the phone. The moral of this story: while a Real Programmer usually includes a keypunch and lineprinter in his toolkit, he can get along with just a front panel and a telephone in emergencies. In some companies, text editing no longer consists of ten engineers standing in line to use an 029 keypunch. In fact, the building I work in doesn't contain a single keypunch. The Real Programmer in this situation has to do his work with a "text editor" program. Most systems supply several text editors to select from, and the Real Programmer must be careful to pick one that reflects his personal style. Many people believe that the best text editors in the world were written at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center for use on their Alto and Dorado computers [3]. Unfortunately, no Real Programmer would ever use a computer whose operating system is called SmallTalk, and would certainly not talk to the computer with a mouse. Some of the concepts in these Xerox editors have been incorporated into editors running on more reasonably named operating systems - {Emacs} and {VI} being two. The problem with these editors is that Real Programmers consider "what you see is what you get" to be just as bad a concept in Text Editors as it is in women. No the Real Programmer wants a "you asked for it, you got it" text editor - complicated, cryptic, powerful, unforgiving, dangerous. TECO, to be precise. It has been observed that a TECO command sequence more closely resembles transmission line noise than readable text [4]. One of the more entertaining games to play with TECO is to type your name in as a command line and try to guess what it does. Just about any possible typing error while talking with TECO will probably destroy your program, or even worse - introduce subtle and mysterious bugs in a once working subroutine. For this reason, Real Programmers are reluctant to actually edit a program that is close to working. They find it much easier to just patch the binary {object code} directly, using a wonderful program called SUPERZAP (or its equivalent on non-IBM machines). This works so well that many working programs on IBM systems bear no relation to the original Fortran code. In many cases, the original source code is no longer available. When it comes time to fix a program like this, no manager would even think of sending anything less than a Real Programmer to do the job - no Quiche Eating structured programmer would even know where to start. This is called "job security". Some programming tools NOT used by Real Programmers: Fortran preprocessors like {MORTRAN} and {RATFOR}. The Cuisinarts of programming - great for making Quiche. See comments above on structured programming. Source language debuggers. Real Programmers can read core dumps. Compilers with array bounds checking. They stifle creativity, destroy most of the interesting uses for EQUIVALENCE, and make it impossible to modify the operating system code with negative subscripts. Worst of all, bounds checking is inefficient. Source code maintenance systems. A Real Programmer keeps his code locked up in a card file, because it implies that its owner cannot leave his important programs unguarded [5]. THE REAL PROGRAMMER AT WORK Where does the typical Real Programmer work? What kind of programs are worthy of the efforts of so talented an individual? You can be sure that no Real Programmer would be caught dead writing accounts-receivable programs in {COBOL}, or sorting {mailing lists} for People magazine. A Real Programmer wants tasks of earth-shaking importance (literally!). Real Programmers work for Los Alamos National Laboratory, writing atomic bomb simulations to run on Cray I supercomputers. Real Programmers work for the National Security Agency, decoding Russian transmissions. It was largely due to the efforts of thousands of Real Programmers working for NASA that our boys got to the moon and back before the Russkies. Real Programmers are at work for Boeing designing the operating systems for cruise missiles. Some of the most awesome Real Programmers of all work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. Many of them know the entire operating system of the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft by heart. With a combination of large ground-based Fortran programs and small spacecraft-based assembly language programs, they are able to do incredible feats of navigation and improvisation - hitting ten-kilometer wide windows at Saturn after six years in space, repairing or bypassing damaged sensor platforms, radios, and batteries. Allegedly, one Real Programmer managed to tuck a pattern-matching program into a few hundred bytes of unused memory in a Voyager spacecraft that searched for, located, and photographed a new moon of Jupiter. The current plan for the Galileo spacecraft is to use a gravity assist trajectory past Mars on the way to Jupiter. This trajectory passes within 80 +/-3 kilometers of the surface of Mars. Nobody is going to trust a Pascal program (or a Pascal programmer) for navigation to these tolerances. As you can tell, many of the world's Real Programmers work for the U.S. Government - mainly the Defense Department. This is as it should be. Recently, however, a black cloud has formed on the Real Programmer horizon. It seems that some highly placed Quiche Eaters at the Defense Department decided that all Defense programs should be written in some grand unified language called "ADA" ((C), DoD). For a while, it seemed that ADA was destined to become a language that went against all the precepts of Real Programming - a language with structure, a language with data types, {strong typing}, and semicolons. In short, a language designed to cripple the creativity of the typical Real Programmer. Fortunately, the language adopted by DoD has enough interesting features to make it approachable -- it's incredibly complex, includes methods for messing with the operating system and rearranging memory, and Edsgar Dijkstra doesn't like it [6]. (Dijkstra, as I'm sure you know, was the author of "GoTos Considered Harmful" - a landmark work in programming methodology, applauded by Pascal programmers and Quiche Eaters alike.) Besides, the determined Real Programmer can write Fortran programs in any language. The Real Programmer might compromise his principles and work on something slightly more trivial than the destruction of life as we know it, providing there's enough money in it. There are several Real Programmers building video games at Atari, for example. (But not playing them - a Real Programmer knows how to beat the machine every time: no challenge in that.) Everyone working at LucasFilm is a Real Programmer. (It would be crazy to turn down the money of fifty million Star Trek fans.) The proportion of Real Programmers in Computer Graphics is somewhat lower than the norm, mostly because nobody has found a use for computer graphics yet. On the other hand, all computer graphics is done in Fortran, so there are a fair number of people doing graphics in order to avoid having to write COBOL programs. THE REAL PROGRAMMER AT PLAY Generally, the Real Programmer plays the same way he works - with computers. He is constantly amazed that his employer actually pays him to do what he would be doing for fun anyway (although he is careful not to express this opinion out loud). Occasionally, the Real Programmer does step out of the office for a breath of fresh air and a beer or two. Some tips on recognizing Real Programmers away from the computer room: At a party, the Real Programmers are the ones in the corner talking about operating system security and how to get around it. At a football game, the Real Programmer is the one comparing the plays against his simulations printed on 11 by 14 fanfold paper. At the beach, the Real Programmer is the one drawing flowcharts in the sand. At a funeral, the Real Programmer is the one saying "Poor George, he almost had the sort routine working before the coronary." In a grocery store, the Real Programmer is the one who insists on running the cans past the laser checkout scanner himself, because he never could trust keypunch operators to get it right the first time. THE REAL PROGRAMMER'S NATURAL HABITAT What sort of environment does the Real Programmer function best in? This is an important question for the managers of Real Programmers. Considering the amount of money it costs to keep one on the staff, it's best to put him (or her) in an environment where he can get his work done. The typical Real Programmer lives in front of a computer terminal. Surrounding this terminal are: Listings of all programs the Real Programmer has ever worked on, piled in roughly chronological order on every flat surface in the office. Some half-dozen or so partly filled cups of cold coffee. Occasionally, there will be cigarette butts floating in the coffee. In some cases, the cups will contain Orange Crush. Unless he is very good, there will be copies of the OS JCL manual and the Principles of Operation open to some particularly interesting pages. Taped to the wall is a line-printer Snoopy calendar for the year 1969. Strewn about the floor are several wrappers for peanut butter filled cheese bars - the type that are made pre-stale at the bakery so they can't get any worse while waiting in the vending machine. Hiding in the top left-hand drawer of the desk is a stash of double-stuff Oreos for special occasions. Underneath the Oreos is a flowcharting template, left there by the previous occupant of the office. (Real Programmers write programs, not documentation. Leave that to the maintenance people.) The Real Programmer is capable of working 30, 40, even 50 hours at a stretch, under intense pressure. In fact, he prefers it that way. Bad response time doesn't bother the Real Programmer - it gives him a chance to catch a little sleep between compiles. If there is not enough schedule pressure on the Real Programmer, he tends to make things more challenging by working on some small but interesting part of the problem for the first nine weeks, then finishing the rest in the last week, in two or three 50-hour marathons. This not only impresses the hell out of his manager, who was despairing of ever getting the project done on time, but creates a convenient excuse for not doing the documentation. In general: No Real Programmer works 9 to 5 (unless it's the ones at night). Real Programmers don't wear neckties. Real Programmers don't wear high-heeled shoes. Real Programmers arrive at work in time for lunch [9]. A Real Programmer might or might not know his wife's name. He does, however, know the entire {ASCII} (or EBCDIC) code table. Real Programmers don't know how to cook. Grocery stores aren't open at three in the morning. Real Programmers survive on Twinkies and coffee. THE FUTURE What of the future? It is a matter of some concern to Real Programmers that the latest generation of computer programmers are not being brought up with the same outlook on life as their elders. Many of them have never seen a computer with a front panel. Hardly anyone graduating from school these days can do hex arithmetic without a calculator. College graduates these days are soft - protected from the realities of programming by source level debuggers, text editors that count parentheses, and "user friendly" operating systems. Worst of all, some of these alleged "computer scientists" manage to get degrees without ever learning Fortran! Are we destined to become an industry of Unix hackers and Pascal programmers? From my experience, I can only report that the future is bright for Real Programmers everywhere. Neither OS 370 nor Fortran show any signs of dying out, despite all the efforts of Pascal programmers the world over. Even more subtle tricks, like adding structured coding constructs to Fortran have failed. Oh sure, some computer vendors have come out with Fortran 77 compilers, but every one of them has a way of converting itself back into a Fortran 66 compiler at the drop of an option card - to compile DO loops like God meant them to be. Even Unix might not be as bad on Real Programmers as it once was. The latest release of Unix has the potential of an operating system worthy of any Real Programmer - two different and subtly incompatible user interfaces, an arcane and complicated teletype driver, virtual memory. If you ignore the fact that it's "structured", even 'C' programming can be appreciated by the Real Programmer: after all, there's no type checking, variable names are seven (ten? eight?) characters long, and the added bonus of the Pointer data type is thrown in - like having the best parts of Fortran and assembly language in one place. (Not to mention some of the more creative uses for
Real World 1. Those institutions at which "programming" may be used in the same sentence as "Fortran", "{COBOL}", "RPG", "{IBM}", "DBASE", etc. Places where programs do such commercially necessary but intellectually uninspiring things as generating payroll checks and invoices. 2. The location of non-programmers and activities not related to programming. 3. A bizarre dimension in which the standard dress is shirt and tie and in which a person's working hours are defined as 9 to 5 (see {code grinder}). 4. Anywhere outside a university. "Poor fellow, he's left MIT and gone into the Real World." Used pejoratively by those not in residence there. In conversation, talking of someone who has entered the Real World is not unlike speaking of a deceased person. It is also noteworthy that on the campus of Cambridge University in England, there is a gaily-painted lamp-post which bears the label "REALITY CHECKPOINT". It marks the boundary between university and the Real World; check your notions of reality before passing. This joke is funnier because the Cambridge "campus" is actually coextensive with the centre of Cambridge. See also {fear and loathing}, {mundane}, {uninteresting}.
Record Management Services "operating system" (RMS) Procedures in the {VMS} {operating system} that {programs} call to process {files} and {records} within files. RMS allows programs to issue GET and PUT requests at the record level (record I/O) as well as read and write {blocks} (block I/O). VMS RMS is an integral part of the system software; its procedures run in {executive mode}. (2003-11-11)
Redcode "language" The {ICWS} standard language for {Core War} "battle programs". [Spec?] (1998-10-30)
re-entrant "programming" Used to describe code which can have multiple simultaneous, interleaved, or nested invocations which will not interfere with each other. This is important for {parallel processing}, {recursive} functions or subroutines, and {interrupt handling}. It is usually easy to arrange for multiple invocations (e.g. calls to a subroutine) to share one copy of the code and any read-only data but, for the code to be re-entrant, each invocation must use its own copy of any modifiable data (or synchronised access to shared data). This is most often achieved using a {stack} and allocating local variables in a new {stack frame} for each invocation. Alternatively, the caller may pass in a pointer to a block of memory which that invocation can use (usually for outputting the result) or the code may allocate some memory on a {heap}, especially if the data must survive after the routine returns. Re-entrant code is often found in system software, such as {operating systems} and {teleprocessing monitors}. It is also a crucial component of {multithreaded} programs where the term "thread-safe" is often used instead of "re-entrant". (1996-12-21)
referential transparency "programming" An expression E is referentially transparent if any subexpression and its value (the result of evaluating it) can be interchanged without changing the value of E. This is not the case if the value of an expression depends on global state which can change value. The most common example of changing global state is assignment to a global variable. For example, if y is a global variable in: f(x) { return x+y; } g(z) { a = f(1); y = y + z; return a + f(1); } function g has the "{side-effect}" that it alters the value of y. Since f's result depends on y, the two calls to f(1) will return different results even though the argument is the same. Thus f is not referentially transparent. Changing the order of evaluation of the statements in g will change its result. {Pure functional languages} achieve referential transparency by forbidding {assignment} to global variables. Each expression is a constant or a function application whose evaluation has no side-effect, it only returns a value and that value depends only on the definition of the function and the values of its arguments. We could make f above referentially transparent by passing in y as an argument: f(x, y) = x+y Similarly, g would need to take y as an argument and return its new value as part of the result: g(z, y) { a = f(1, y); y' = y+z; return (a + f(1, y'), y'); } Referentially transparent programs are more amenable to {formal methods} and easier to reason about because the meaning of an expression depends only on the meaning of its subexpressions and not on the order of evaluation or side-effects of other expressions. We can stretch the concept of referential transparency to include input and output if we consider the whole program to be a function from its input to its output. The program as a whole is referentially transparent because it will always produce the same output when given the same input. This is stretching the concept because the program's input may include what the user types, the content of certain files or even the time of day. If we do not consider global state like the contents of files as input, then writing to a file and reading what was written behaves just like assignment to a global variable. However, if we must consider the state of the universe as an input rather than global state then any {deterministic} system would be referentially transparent! See also {extensional equality}, {observational equivalence}. (1997-03-25)
REFINE 1. "Research on Knowledge-Based Software Environments at Kestrel Institute", D.R. Smith et al, IEEE Trans Soft Eng, SE-11(11) (1985). E-mail: "maria@kestrel.edu". 2. Cordell Green et al, Stanford U. Uses logic to specify and evolve programs. [same as 1?] Reasoning Systems, Inc. E-mail: "help@reasoning.com".
RefLisp "language" A small {Lisp} {interpreter} written in {C++} by Bill Birch of {Bull}, UK. RefLisp has a built-in {web server}, {Wiki}, {LISP server pages}, {SQL Databases}, {XML parser}, {MD5} hashing, {regular expressions}, {reference counting} and {mark-sweep garbage collection}. RefLisp has {shallow-binding} and {dynamic scope} with optional support for {lexical scope}, {Common Lisp} compatibility and for {indefinite extent} {Scheme} programs. RefLisp is distributed under the {GPL}. {RefLisp Home (http://sourceforge.net/projects/reflisp/)}. (2005-02-08)
remote echo "communications" (Obsolete: "full-duplex") A mode of operation of communicating programs or devices in which the sending system does not display the characters the user enters, but only sends them to the remote system which then "echoes" them back to be displayed to the user. This lets the operator see not only typing errors, but also transmission errors. This is now the usual mode of most systems with remote users. Contrast: {local echo}. (2000-03-30)
ResEdit "programming, tool" A free {resource editor} for {Win32} programs. ResEdit can create {dialogs}, {icon}, {version information} or other types of resources. Output files can be compiled by any Win32 {compiler} like {MinGW} and Microsoft {Visual C++}. {(http://www.resedit.net/)}. (2007-03-24)
return from interrupt "programming" (RTI) An instruction {mnemonic} on many computers including the {6502} and {6800}. The variant "RETI" is found among former {Zilog Z80} hackers (almost nobody programs these things in {assembly code} anymore). The {Intel 80x86} equivalent is "IRET". (1994-10-31)
Revision Control System "software, tool" (RCS) A {version control} system that automates the storing, retrieval, logging, identification, and merging of revisions. RCS is useful for text that is revised frequently, for example programs, documentation, graphics, papers, and form letters. {Unix manual page}: rcs(1). ["RCS -- A System for Version Control", Walter F. Tichy, Software--Practice & Experience 15, 7, July 1985, 637-654]. [Features? Availability? URL?] (1994-12-23)
Rockwell Protocol Interface (RPI) A cost-cutting feature of some {modems} allowing data {compression} and {error correction} (e.g. {ITU-T} {V.42bis}, {V.42}) to be provided in software instead of hardware. Usually an RPI modem comes with RPI-aware software (e.g. the low-end RPI models of Supra come with the {COMit} which supports RPI, providing {MNP} 2,4,5,7, V.42 and V.42bis). RPI is not supported by many commercial packages nor by current releases of popular {shareware} communication programs ({Telix} v3.22 and {Telemate} v4.12). {ProComm Plus} for {Windows 2.0} will support RPI. Currently {Rockwell} produce two classes of RPI chip set. The original is capable of 2400 bit/s data, 9600 bit/s class 1-only fax. The newer one is capable of 14400 bit/s data/fax. Currently there are no RPI chipset from Rockwell supporting speeds higher than 14400 bit/s. (1994-07-01)
rot13 /rot ther'teen/ [{Usenet}: from "rotate alphabet 13 places"], v. The simple Caesar-cypher encryption that replaces each English letter with the one 13 places forward or back along the alphabet, so that "The butler did it!" becomes "Gur ohgyre qvq vg!" Most {Usenet} news reading and posting programs include a rot13 feature. It is used to enclose the text in a sealed wrapper that the reader must choose to open - e.g. for posting things that might offend some readers, or {spoilers}. A major advantage of rot13 over rot(N) for other N is that it is self-inverse, so the same code can be used for encoding and decoding. [{Jargon File}]
Ruby "language" 1. A {relational language} designed by Jones and M. Sheeran in 1986 for describing and designing circuits (a {hardware description language}). Ruby programs denote {binary relations} and programs are built-up inductively from primitive relations using a pre-defined set of {relational operators}. Ruby programs also have a geometric interpretation as networks of primitive relations connected by wires, which is important when layout is considered in circuit design. Ruby has been continually developed since 1986, and has been used to design many different kinds of circuits, including {systolic arrays}, {butterfly networks} and arithmetic circuits. {(ftp://ftp.cs.chalmers.se/pub/misc/ruby/)}. E-mail: "graham@cs.chalmers.se". ["Ruby - A Language of Relations and Higher-Order Functions", M. Sheeran, Proc 3rd Banff Workshop on Hardware Verification, Springer 1990]. (1994-10-27) 2. One of five pedagogical languages based on {Markov algorithms}, used in Higman's report (below). The other languages are {Brilliant}, {Diamond}, {Nonpareil}, and {Pearl}. ["Nonpareil, a Machine Level Machine Independent Language for the Study of Semantics", B. Higman, ULICS Intl Report No ICSI 170, U London (1968)]. (1994-10-27) 3. A fully {object oriented} {interpreted} {scripting language} by Yukihiro Matsumoto "matz@netlab.co.jp". Similar in scope to {Perl} and {Python}, Ruby has high-level {data types}, automatic {memory management}, {dynamic typing}, a {module} system, {exceptions}, and a rich standard library. Other features are {CLU}-style {iterators} for {loop abstraction}, {singleton classes}/{methods} and {lexical closures}. In Ruby, everything is an {object}, including the basic data types. For example, the number 1 is an instance of {class} Fixnum. Current version (stable): 1.6.7, as of 2002-03-01. {Ruby Home (http://ruby-lang.org/)}. {Ruby Central (http://rubycentral.com/)}. ["Programming Ruby - The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide", David Thomas, Andrew Hunt, Yukihiro Matsumoto pub. Addison Wesley 2000]. (2002-06-19)
rude [WPI] 1. Badly written or functionally poor, e.g. a program that is very difficult to use because of gratuitously poor design decisions. Opposite: {cuspy}. 2. Anything that manipulates a shared resource without regard for its other users in such a way as to cause a (non-fatal) problem. Examples: programs that change tty modes without resetting them on exit, or windowing programs that keep forcing themselves to the top of the window stack. Compare {all-elbows}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-10-27)
run-time library "operating system, programming, library" A file containing routines which are linked with a program at {run time} rather than at {compile-time}. The advantage of such {dynamic linking} is that only one copy of the library needs to be stored, rather than a copy being included with each {executable} that refers to it. This can greatly reduce the disk space occupied by programs. Furthermore, it means that all programs immediately benefit from changes (e.g. {bug} fixes) to the single copy of the library without requiring recompilation. Since the library code is normally classified as read-only to the {memory management} system, it is possible for a single copy of the library to be loaded into memory and shared by all active programs, thus reducing {RAM} and {virtual memory} requirements and program load time. (1997-07-16)
Samba "networking" A free suite of programs which implement the {Server Message Block} (SMB) protocol. Originally developed for {Unix} by Andrew Tridgell at the {Australian National University}, the Samba {server} allows files and printers on the {host} {operating system} to be shared with {clients} such as {Windows for Workgroups}, {DOS}, {OS/2}, {Windows NT} and others. For example, instead of using {telnet} to log in to a Unix machine to edit a file there, a {Windows 95} user might connect a drive in the Windows {Explorer} to a Samba server on the Unix machine and edit the file in a Windows editor. A Unix client called smbclient, built from the same {source code}, allows {ftp}-like access to SMB resources. Samba is available for many Unix variants, OS/2, and {VMS}. Porting to {Novell Netware} is in progress (August 1996). smblib is a {portable} generic library for making SMB calls for implementing {client/server} functions from within any program. {Linux} implements a complete file system (based on smbclient) so by default Linux users have full access to resources on {LAN Server}, Windows NT and {LAN Manager} networks. {(http://samba.org/samba/samba.html)}. (1998-11-22)
same-day service "humour, operating system" An ironic term used to describe long response time, particularly with respect to {MS-DOS} {system calls} (which ought to require only a tiny fraction of a second to execute). Such response time is a major incentive for programmers to write programs that are not {well-behaved}. See also {PC-ism}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-12-17)
SAMeDL {SQL} {Ada} Module Description Language. Used to interface {Ada} {application programs} to {SQL}-based {DBMSs}. E-mail: Marc Graham "marc@sei.cmu.edu". {(ftp://ajpo.sei.cmu.edu/public/atip/samedl/)}. ["Rationale for SQL Ada Module Description Language SAMeDL", SEI-92-TR-016].
sandbox (UK: "sandpit") 1. "operating system" A protected, limited environment where applications (e.g. {Java} programs downloaded from the {Internet}) are allowed to "play" without risking damage to the rest of the system. 2. "jargon" A term for the R&D department at many software and computer companies (where hackers in commercial environments are likely to be found). The term is half-derisive, but reflects the truth that research is a form of creative play. Compare {playpen}. 3. "operating system" {link farm}. [{Jargon File}] (2001-02-08)
SASL+LV Unifies logic and functional programming. A more complete version of FGL+LV, in SASL syntax. "Combinator Evaluations of Functional Programs with Logical Variables", G. Bage et al, TR UUCS-87-027, U Utah, Oct 1987.
Scheme Repository A collection of free {Scheme} programs. {(ftp://nexus.yorku.ca/pub/scheme/)}.
Scheme-to-C "language" A {Scheme} {compiler} written in {C} that emits C and is embeddable in C. Scheme-to-C was written by Joel Bartlett of {Digital Western Research Laboratory}. Version 15mar93 translates a superset of Revised**4 Scheme to C that is then compiled by the {native} {C} compiler for the {target machine}. This design results in a portable system that allows either stand-alone Scheme programs or programs written in both compiled and interpreted Scheme and other languages. It supports "{expansion passing style}" {macros}, {foreign function} calls, {records}, and interfaces to {Xlib} ({Ezd} and {Scix}). Scheme-to-C runs on {VAX}, {ULTRIX}, {DECstation}, {Alpha AXP} {OSF}/1, {Windows 3.1}, {Apple Macintosh} 7.1, {HP 9000/300}, {HP 9000/700}, {Sony News}, {SGI} {Iris} and {Harris} {Nighthawk}, and other {Unix}-like {88000} systems. The earlier 01nov91 version runs on {Amiga}, {SunOS}, {NeXT}, and {Apollo} systems. {(ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/Scheme-to-C/)}. (2000-05-24)
schrödinbug "jargon, programming" /shroh'din-buhg/ ({MIT}, from the Schrödinger's Cat thought-experiment in quantum physics) A design or implementation {bug} that doesn't manifest until someone reading the {source code} or using the program in an unusual way notices that it never should have worked, at which point it stops working until fixed. Though (like {bit rot}) this sounds impossible, it happens; some programs have harboured schrödinbugs for years. Compare {heisenbug}, {Bohr bug}, {mandelbug}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-28)
SCM 1. "business" {Supply Chain Management}. (2003-10-09) 2. "language" A {Scheme} {interpreter} in {C} by Aubrey Jaffer and others. SCM conforms to {R4RS} and {IEEE} {P1178} and includes a {conformance test}. It is distributed under {GPL}. Version 5d0 runs under {Amiga}, {Atari-ST}, {MacOS}, {MS-DOS}, {OS/2}, {NOS/VE}, {Unicos}, {VMS}, {Unix}, and similar systems. {x-scm} provides an {X Window System} interface for SCM programs. {(http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/SCM.html)}. (1999-06-07)
screen 1. "hardware" A generic term for a {display device} that shows text and/or images on a roughly flat rectangular surface. The most common type is usually refered to as a "{monitor}" and is based on a {cathode-ray tube}, though {flat panel} displays have, since around 2000, become increasingly competitive in price and performance. (2005-07-28) 2. A {screen multiplexer} utility which lets you run multiple {interactive} {terminal sessions} (and {curses} programs) through a single terminal connection (on one {virtual console}, one terminal, through one {modem} link, {telnet} session or {xterm}). Screen can detach processes from one terminal and attach them to another. "Auto-detach" lets you continue working after being disconnected and reconnected. It supports keyboard driven cut and paste from any text and/or curses application (like {Lynx}) to any other (like {xemacs}). Screen comes with many {Linux} distributions and is available (free) on many other {Unix} {platforms}. (2005-07-29)
screen saver "tool" A program which displays either a completely black image or a constantly changing image on a computer monitor to prevent a stationary image from "burning" into the phosphor of the screen. Screen savers usually start automatically after the computer has had no user input for a preset time. Some screen savers come with many different modules, each giving a different effect. Approximately pre-1990, many {cathode ray tubes}, in TVs, computer {monitors} or elsewhere, were prone to "burn-in"; that is, if the same pattern (e.g., the {WordPerfect} status line; the {Pong} score readout; or a TV channel-number display) were shown at the same position on the screen for very long periods of time, the phosphor on the screen would "fatigue" and that part of the screen would seem greyed out, even when the CRT was off. Eventually CRTs were developed which were resistant to burn-in (and which sometimes went into {sleep} mode after a period of inactivity); but in the meantime, solutions were developed: home video game systems of the era (e.g., Atari 2600s) would, when not being played, change the screen every few seconds, to avoid burn-in; and computer screen saver programs were developed. The first screen savers were simple screen blankers - they just set the screen to all black, but, in the best case of {creeping featurism} ever recorded, these tiny (often under 1K long) programs grew without regard to efficiency or even basic usefulness. At first, small, innocuous {display hacks} (generally on an almost-black screen) were added. Later, more complex effects appeared, including {animations} (often with sound effects!) of arbitrary length and complexity. Along the way, avoiding repetitive patterns and burn-in was completely forgotten and "screen savers" such as {Pointcast} were developed, which make no claim to save your monitor, but are simply bloated {browsers} for {push media} which self-start after the machine has been inactive for a few minutes. (1997-11-23)
scripting language "language" (Or "glue language") A loose term for any language that is {weakly typed} or {untyped} and has little or no provision for complex {data structures}. A program in a scripting language (a "{script}") is often {interpreted} (but see {Ousterhout's dichotomy}). Scripts typically interact either with other programs (often as {glue}) or with a set of functions provided by the interpreter, as with the {file system} functions provided in a {UNIX shell} and with {Tcl}'s {GUI} functions. Prototypical scripting languages are {AppleScript}, {C Shell}, {MS-DOS} {batch files} and {Tcl}. (2001-03-06)
scroll bar "graphics" A {widget} found in {graphical user interfaces} and used to show and control ("scroll") which portion of a document is currently visible in a window. A window may have a horizontal or, most often, vertical scroll bar or both. A vertical scroll bar is a narrow strip drawn up the side of the window containing a "bubble" whose position in the scroll bar represents the position of the visible part within the whole document. By dragging the bubble with the mouse the user can scroll the view over the entire document. Arrow buttons are usually provided at the end(s) of the scroll bar to allow the window to be scrolled by a small amount, e.g. one line of text, in either direction by clicking them with the mouse. Some programs provide a second pair of buttons for scrolling a page at a time or some other unit. Clicking on the scroll bar outside the bubble will either, depending on the particular {WIMP}, move the bubble to that point or move it some amount (typically a screenful) in that direction. Different {WIMP} systems define different standards for whether scroll bars appear on the left or right, top or bottom of the window, and for their behaviour. To reduce mouse movement, the up and down scroll buttons should either be next to each other at one end of the scroll bar (as in {NEXTSTEP}) or should reverse their effect when clicked with the right-hand mouse button (as in the {X Window System} and {RISC OS}). The fraction of the scroll bar filled by the bubble should indicate the fraction of the document visible in the window. (1998-06-26)
secondary storage "storage" Any {non-volatile} storage medium that is not directly accessible to the {processor}. Memory directly accessible to the processor includes {main memory}, {cache} and the {CPU} {registers}. Secondary storage includes {hard drives}, {magnetic tape}, {CD-ROM}, {DVD drives}, {floppy disks}, {punch cards} and {paper tape}. Secondary storage devices are usually accessed via some kind of controller. This contains registers that can be directly accessed by the CPU like main memory ("{memory mapped}"). Reading and writing these registers can cause the device to perform actions like reading a block of data off a disk or rewinding a tape. See also {DMA}. Programs and data stored in secondary storage must first be loaded into main memory before the processor can use them. (1997-11-05)
second generation computer "architecture" A computer built from {transistors}, designed between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s. {Ferrite core memory} and {magnetic drums} replaced {cathode ray tubes} and {delay-line storage} for main {memory}. {Index registers} and {floating point} arithmetic hardware became widespread. Machine-independent {high level programming languages} such as {ALGOL}, {COBOL} and {Fortran} were introduced to simplify programming. {I/O processors} were introduced to supervise input-output operations independently of the {CPU} thus freeing the CPU from time-consuming housekeeping functions. The CPU would send the I/O processor an initial instruction to start operating and the I/O processor would then continue independently of the CPU. When completed, or in the event of an error, the I/O processor sent an {interrupt} to the CPU. {Batch} processing became feasible with the improvement in I/O and storage technology in that a batch of jobs could be prepared in advance, stored on magnetic tape and processed on the computer in one continuous operation placing the results on another magnetic tape. It became commonplace for auxiliary, small computers to be used to process the input and output tapes off-line thus leaving the main computer free to process user programs. Computer manufacturers began to provide system software such as {compilers}, {subroutine} libraries and batch monitors. With the advent of second generation computers it became necessary to talk about computer systems, since the number of memory units, processors, I/O devices, and other system components could vary between different installations, even though the same basic computer was used. The instruction repertoire of the {IBM 7094} (a typical second generation machine) had over 200 instructions including data transfer instructions for transferring a {word} of information between the CPU and memory or between two CPU registers; fixed-point and floating point arithmetic instructions; {logic} instructions (AND, OR etc.); instructions for modifying {index registers}; conditional and unconditional branching; {subroutines}; input-output operations for transferring data between I/O devices and main memory. (1996-11-25)
security "security" Protection against unauthorized access to, or alteration of, information and system resources including {CPUs}, {storage devices} and programs. Security includes: * {confidentiality} - preventing unauthorized access; {integrity} - preventing or detecting unauthorized modification of information. * {authentication} - determining whether a user is who they claim to be. * {access control} - ensuring that users can access the resources, and only the resources, that they are authorised to. * {nonrepudiation} - proof that a message came from a certain source. * availability - ensuring that a system is operational and accessible to authorised users despite hardware or software failures or attack. * privacy - allowing people to know and control how information is collected about them and how it is used. Security can also be considered in the following terms: * physical security - who can touch the system to operate or modify it, protection against the physical environment - heat, earthquake, etc. * operational/procedural security - who is authorised to do or responsible for doing what and when, who can authorise others to do what and who has to report what to who. * personnel security - hiring employees, background screening, training, security briefings, monitoring and handling departures. * System security - User access and authentication controls, assignment of privilege, maintaining file and {filesystem} integrity, {backup}, monitoring processes, log-keeping, and {auditing}. * {network security} - protecting network and telecommunications equipment, protecting network servers and transmissions, combatting eavesdropping, controlling access from untrusted networks, firewalls, and intrusion detection. {Encryption} is one important technique used to improve data security. {OWASP} is the {free} and {open} application security community. (2007-10-05)
Self "language" A small, {dynamically typed} {object-oriented language}, based purely on {prototypes} and {delegation}. Self was developed by the Self Group at {Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Inc.} and {Stanford University}. It is an experimental {exploratory programming} language. Release 2.0 introduces full {source-level debugging} of optimised code, adaptive optimisation to shorten compile pauses, {lightweight threads} within Self, support for dynamically linking {foreign functions}, changing programs within Self and the ability to run the experimental Self graphical browser under {OpenWindows}. Designed for expressive power and malleability, Self combines a pure, {prototype}-based object model with uniform access to state and behaviour. Unlike other languages, Self allows objects to inherit state and to change their patterns of inheritance dynamically. Self's customising compiler can generate very efficient code compared to other dynamically-typed object-oriented languages. Version: 3.0 runs on {Sun-3} (no optimiser) and {Sun-4}. {(http://sunlabs.com/research/self/)}. ["Self: The Power of Simplicity", David Ungar "ungar@sun.eng.com" et al, SIGPLAN Notices 22(12):227-242, OOPSLA '87, Dec 1987]. (1999-06-09)
semantics "theory" The meaning of a string in some language, as opposed to {syntax} which describes how symbols may be combined independent of their meaning. The semantics of a programming language is a function from programs to answers. A program is a {closed term} and, in practical languages, an answer is a member of the syntactic category of values. The two main kinds are {denotational semantics} and {operational semantics}. (1995-06-21)
sendmail "messaging" The {BSD} Unix {Message Transfer Agent} supporting mail transport via {TCP/IP} using {SMTP}. Sendmail is normally invoked in the {background} via a {Mail User Agent} such as the {mail} command. Sendmail was written by {Eric Allman} at the {University of California at Berkeley} during the late 1970s. He now has his own company, {Sendmail Inc.} Sendmail was one of the first programs to route messages between {networks} and today is still the dominant e-mail transfer software. It thrived despite the awkward {ARPAnet} transition between {NCP} to TCP protocols in the early 1980s and the adoption of the new SMTP Simple Mail Transport Protocol, all of which made the business of mail routing a complex challenge of backward and forward compatibility for several years. There are now over one million copies of Sendmail installed, representing over 75% of all Internet mail servers. Simultaneously with the announcement of the company in November 1997, Sendmail 8.9 was launched, featuring new tools designed to limit {junk e-mail}. SendMail 8.9 is still distributed as {source code} with the rights to modify and distribute. The command sendmail -bv ADDRESS can be used to learn what the local mail system thinks of ADDRESS. You can also talk to the Sendmail {daemon} on a remote host FOO with the command telnet FOO 25 (1998-08-25)
Sequenced Packet Exchange "networking, protocol" (SPX) A {transport layer} {protocol} built on top of {IPX}. SPX is used in {Novell NetWare} systems for communications in {client/server} {application programs}, e.g. {BTRIEVE} ({ISAM} manager). SPX is not used for connections to the {file server} itself; this uses {NCP}. It has been extended as SPX-II. SPX/IPX perform equivalent functions to {TCP/IP}. {(http://developer.novell.com/research/appnotes/1995/december/03/04.htm)}. [Better reference?] (1999-05-27)
server 1. A program which provides some service to other ({client}) programs. The connection between client and server is normally by means of {message passing}, often over a {network}, and uses some {protocol} to encode the client's requests and the server's responses. The server may run continuously (as a {daemon}), waiting for requests to arrive or it may be invoked by some higher level daemon which controls a number of specific servers ({inetd} on {Unix}). There are many servers associated with the {Internet}, such as those for {HTTP}, {Network File System}, {Network Information Service} (NIS), {Domain Name System} (DNS), {FTP}, {news}, {finger}, {Network Time Protocol}. On Unix, a long list can be found in /etc/services or in the {NIS} database "services". See {client-server}. 2. A computer which provides some service for other computers connected to it via a network. The most common example is a {file server} which has a local disk and services requests from remote clients to read and write files on that disk, often using {Sun}'s {Network File System} (NFS) {protocol} or {Novell Netware} on {PCs}. Another common example is a {web server}. [{Jargon File}] (2003-12-29)
SFLV Unifies logic and functional programming. SASL+LV with unification moved from actual/formal parameter matching to equational clauses. "Static Analysis of Functional Programs with Logical Variables", G. Lindstrom in Programming Languages Implementation and Logic Programming, P. Deransart et al eds, LNCS 348, Springer 1988.
sgmls "language, tool" Sgmls is an {SGML} {parser} derived from the {ARCSGML} parser materials which were written by Charles Goldfarb. It outputs a simple, easily {parsed}, line oriented, {ASCII} representation of an SGML document's Element Structure Information Set (see pp 588-593 of "The SGML Handbook"). It is intended to be used as the front end for structure-controlled SGML {application programs}. Version 1.1 for {Unix} and {MS-DOS} by James J. Clark "jjc@jclark.com" and Charles Goldfarb. {(ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/text-processing/sgml/sgmls-1.0.tar.Z)}, {(ftp://ftp.jclark.com/sgmls/sgmls-1.1.tar.Z)}. E-mail: James Clark "jjc@jclark.com". (1993-02-22)
shareware "software" /sheir'weir/ {Software} that, like {freeware}, can be usually obtained ({download}ed) and redistributed for free, but most often is under {copyright} and does legally require a payment in the {EULA}, at least beyond the {evaluation} period or for commercial applications. This payment, as well as fulfilling the {user}'s legal obligations, may buy additional support, documentation, or functionality. Generally, {source code} for shareware programs is not available. Shareware is sometimes also {nagware} and/or {crippleware}, which muddles the term and is frowned upon in the community. See also {careware}, {charityware}, {guiltware}, {postcardware}, and {-ware}; compare {payware}. [{Jargon File}] (2002-01-30)
shar "tool, file format" ("Shell archive", after {ar} and {tar}) Any of the many {Unix} programs that creates a {flatten}ed representation of one or more files, with the unique property that it can be unflattened (the original files extracted) merely by feeding it through a standard {Unix} {shell}. The output of shar, known as a "shar file" or "sharchive", can be distributed to anyone running {Unix}, and no special unpacking software is required. Sharchives are intriguing in that they are typically created by shell scripts; the script that produces sharchives is thus a script which produces self-unpacking scripts, which may themselves contain scripts. The disadvantage of sharchives are that they are an ideal venue for {Trojan horse} attacks and that, for recipients not running Unix, no simple un-sharchiving program is possible; sharchives can and do make use of arbitrarily-powerful shell features and other Unix commands. Different implementations of shar vary in sophistication. Some just {uuencode} each input file and output commands to {uudecode} the result, others include extensive checking to make sure the files have been transferred without corruption and that all parts of a multi-file sharchive have been unpacked. The {unshar} utility strips off mail and news headers before passing the remainder of its input to sh. (1996-10-18)
Similix An autoprojector (self-applicable partial evaluator) for a higher order subset of the strict functional language Scheme. Similix handles programs with user defined primitive abstract data type operators which may process global variables (such as input/output operators). Version 5.0. Anders Bondorf "anders@diku.dk" conformance: extension of large subset of R4RS Scheme. requires: Scheme ports: Scm, Chez Scheme portability: high E-mail: Anders Bondorf "anders@diku.dk" {(ftp://ftp.diku.dk/pub/diku/dists/Similix.tar.Z)}. (1993-05-18)
SISAL "language" (Streams and Iteration in a Single Assignment Language) A general-purpose {single assignment} {functional programming language} with {strict} semantics, automatic parallelisation and efficient {arrays}. Outputs a dataflow graph in {IF1} (Intermediary Form 1). Derived from {VAL}, adds {recursion} and finite {streams}. {Pascal}-like syntax. Designed to be a common high-level language for numerical programs on a variety of {multiprocessors}. Implementations exist for {Cray X-MP}, {Cray Y-MP}, {Cray-2}, {Sequent}, {Encore Alliant}, {dataflow} architectures, {transputers} and {systolic arrays}. Defined in 1983 by James McGraw et al, {Manchester University}, {Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory}, {Colorado State University} and {DEC}. Revised in 1985. First compiled implementation in 1986. Performance superior to {C} and competitive with {Fortran}, combined with efficient and automatic parallelisation. Not to be confused with {SASL}. E-mail: John Feo "feo@llnl.gov", Rod Oldehoeft "rro@cs.colostate.edu". David C. Cann has written an {Optimising SISAL Compiler (ftp://sisal.llnl.gov/pub/sisal)} (OSC) which attempts to make efficient use of {parallel processors} such as {Crays}. ["A Report on the SISAL Language Project", J.T. Feo et al, J Parallel and Distrib Computing 10(4):349-366 (Dec 1990)]. (2000-07-07)
Skel-ML A parallel variant of {ML} using {skeletons} being developed (April 1994) as part of Tore Bratvold's PhD in the Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. Programs are written in a subset of {Standard ML}, and parallelism is extracted from the use of certain {higher-order functions}. The SkelML compiler uses profiling information together with skeleton performance models to distinguish useful from non-useful parallelism. An important feature is the ability to perform transformations between skeletons to improve performance. Skeletons currently supported are map, filter, fold, pipe (implicitly extracted from function application) and various combinations of these. See also {paraML}. E-mail: Tore A Bratvold "tore@cee.hw.ac.uk".
slave tty (/dev/ttyp*) The half of a {pseudo-tty} which programs (e.g. getty) read from and write to as though it was an ordinary {serial line}.
smart 1. "programming" Said of a program that does the {Right Thing} in a wide variety of complicated circumstances. There is a difference between calling a program smart and calling it intelligent; in particular, there do not exist any intelligent programs (yet - see {AI-complete}). Compare {robust} (smart programs can be {brittle}). 2. "hardware" Incorporating some kind of digital electronics. (1995-03-28)
sml2c A Standard ML to C compiler. sml2c is a batch compiler and compiles only module-level declarations, i.e. signatures, structures and functors. It provides the same pervasive environment for the compilation of these programs as SML/NJ. As a result, module-level programs that run on SML/NJ can be compiled by sml2c without any changes. Based on SML/NJ version 0.67 and shares front end and most of its run-time system, but does not support SML/NJ style debugging and profiling. School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University {(ftp://dravido.soar.cs.cmu.edu/usr/nemo/sml2c/sml2c.tar.Z)}. {Linux (ftp://ftp.dcs.glasgow.ac.uk/pub/linux/smlnj-0.82-linux.tar.Z)}. conformance: superset + first-class continuations, + asynchronous signal handling + separate compilation + freeze and restart programs ports: IBM-RT Decstation3100 Omron-Luna-88k Sun-3 Sun-4 386(Mach) portability: easy, easier than SML/NJ E-mail: "david.tarditi@cs.cmu.edu", "peter.lee@cs.cmu.edu" (1991-06-27)
snacc "tool" (Sample Neufeld {ASN.1} to {C/C++} Compiler) A program by Mike Sample "msample@opentext.com" which compiles 1990 {ASN.1} data structures (including some {macros}) into {C}, {C++} or type tables. The generated {C/C++} includes a .h file with the equivalent data struct and a .c/.C file for the {BER} encode and decode, print and free routines. snacc includes the compiler, run-time BER libraries, and utility programs. snacc is compiled under {GNU} {General Public License}. It requires {yacc} or {bison}, {lex} or {flex}, and {cc} (ANSI or non-ANSI). ITU TS X.208/ISO 8824. {Home (http://fokus.gmd.de/ovma/freeware/snacc/entry.html)}. E-mail: "snacc-bugs@cs.ubc.ca". [Michael Sample and Gerald Neufeld, "Implementing Efficient Encoders and Decoders for Network Data Representations", IEEE INFOCOM '93 Proceedings, Vol 3, pp. 1143-1153, Mar 1993]. [Michael Sample, "How Fast Can ASN.1 Encoding Rules Go?", M.Sc. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Apr 1993]. (1998-08-09)
SNOBOL4 "language" A quite distinct descendant of {SNOBOL}, developed by Griswold et al in 1967. SNOBOL4 is {declarative} with {dynamic scope}. Patterns are {first-class} data objects that can be constructed by concatenation and alternation. Success and failure are used for {flow control}. Delayed (unevaluated) expressions can be used to implement {recursion}. It has a table data type. Strings generated at run time can be treated as programs and executed. See also {vanilla}. {SNOBOL 4 (http://snobol4.org/)}. {(ftp://apple.com/ArchiveVol1/Unix_lang)}. {A FOLDOC parser in SNOBOL4 (http://www.topcat.hypermart.net/foldoc.html)}! ["The SNOBOL4 Programming Language", Ralph E. Griswold et al, P-H 1971]. (2011-01-05)
software "programming" (Or "computer program", "program", "code") The instructions executed by a computer, as opposed to the physical device on which they run (the "{hardware}"). The term was coined by the eminent statistician, {John Tukey}. Programs stored on {non-volatile storage} built from {integrated circuits} (e.g. {ROM} or {PROM}) are usually called {firmware}. Software can be split into two main types - {system software} and application software or {application programs}. System software is any software required to support the production or execution of application programs but which is not specific to any particular application. Examples of system software would include the {operating system}, {compilers}, editors and sorting programs. Examples of application programs would include an accounts package or a {CAD} program. Other broad classes of application software include {real-time} software, {business software}, scientific and engineering software, {embedded software}, personal computer software and {artificial intelligence} software. Software includes both {source code} written by humans and executable {machine code} produced by {assemblers} or {compilers}. It does not usually include the data processed by programs unless this is in a format such as {multimedia} which depends on the use of computers for its presentation. This distinction becomes unclear in cases such as {spread sheets} which can contain both instructions (formulae and {macros}) and data. There are also various intermediate compiled or {semi-compiled}, forms of software such as {library} files and {byte-code}. Some claim that {documentation} (both paper and electronic) is also software. Others go further and define software to be programs plus documentation though this does not correspond with common usage. The noun "program" describes a single, complete and more-or-less self-contained list of instructions, often stored in a single {file}, whereas "code" and "software" are uncountable nouns describing some number of instructions which may constitute one or more programs or part thereof. Most programs, however, rely heavily on various kinds of {operating system} software for their execution. The nounds "code" and "software" both refer to the same thing but "code" tends to suggest an interest in the implementation details whereas "software" is more of a user's term. (2002-07-21)
software rot "programming" The tendency of software that has not been used in a while to fail; such failure may be semi-humorously ascribed to {bit rot}. More commonly, "software rot" strikes when a program's assumptions become out of date. If the design was insufficiently {robust}, this may cause it to fail in mysterious ways. For example, owing to shortsightedness in the design of some COBOL programs, many would have succumbed to software rot when their 2-digit year counters wrapped around at the beginning of the year 2000. A related incident made the news in 1990, when a gentleman born in 1889 applied for a driver's licence renewal in Raleigh, North Carolina. The system refused to issue the card, probably because with 2-digit years the ages 101 and 1 cannot be distinguished. Historical note: Software rot in an even funnier sense than the mythical one was a real problem on early research computers (e.g. the {R1}; see {grind crank}). If a program that depended on a peculiar instruction hadn't been run in quite a while, the user might discover that the {opcodes} no longer did the same things they once did. ("Hey, so-and-so needs an instruction to do such-and-such. We can {snarf} this opcode, right? No one uses it.") Another classic example of this sprang from the time an {MIT} hacker found a simple way to double the speed of the unconditional jump instruction on a {PDP-6}, so he patched the hardware. Unfortunately, this broke some fragile timing software in a music-playing program, throwing its output out of tune. This was fixed by adding a defensive initialisation routine to compare the speed of a timing loop with the real-time clock; in other words, it figured out how fast the PDP-6 was that day, and corrected appropriately. [{Jargon File}] (2002-02-22)
software tool "programming" A program that aids in the development of other programs. It may assist the programmer in the design, code, compile, link, edit, or debug phases. (1996-05-28)
SOS 1. {Scheme Object System}. 2. An infamously {losing} text editor. Once, back in the 1960s, when a text editor was needed for the {PDP-6}, a hacker {crufted} together a {quick-and-dirty} "stopgap editor" to be used until a better one was written. Unfortunately, the old one was never really discarded when new ones (in particular, {TECO}) came along. SOS is a descendant ("Son of Stopgap") of that editor, and many {PDP-10} users gained the dubious pleasure of its acquaintance. Since then other programs similar in style to SOS have been written, notably the early font editor BILOS /bye'lohs/, the Brother-In-Law Of Stopgap (the alternate expansion "Bastard Issue, Loins of Stopgap" has been proposed). 3. The {PDP-10} instruction to decrease a value. Oppose {AOS}. [{Jargon File}]
space leak A data structure which grows bigger, or lives longer, than might be expected. Such unexpected memory use can cause a program to require more {garbage collections} or to run out of {heap}. Space leaks in {functional programs} usually result from excessive laziness. For example, the {Haskell} function sum [] = 0 sum (x:xs) = x + sum xs when applied to a list will build a chain of closures for the additions and only when it reaches the end of the list will it perform the additions and free the storage. Another example is the function mean l = sum l / length l The sum function forces the entire list l to be evaluated and built in the heap. None of it can be garbage collected until the length function has consumed it.
SPARK Annotation Language "language" (SAL) {ICL}, Ltd. Used in the verification of {SPARK} programs against {Z} specifications. (1994-12-08)
SPEC CFP92 "benchmark" A {benchmark} suite from {SPEC} containing 14 programs performing {floating-point} computations. 12 are written in {Fortran} and two in {C}. They can be used to estimate the performance of CPU, memory system, and compiler code generation. The individual programs are Circuit Design, Simulation (2x), Quantum Chemistry (3x), Electromagnetism, Geometric Translation, Optics, Robotics, Medical Simulation, Quantum Physics, Astrophysics, NASA Kernels. The benchmark suite can be used either for speed measurement, resulting in {SPEC ratios}, or for throughput measurement, resulting in {SPEC rates} (1994-11-15)
SPEC CINT92 "benchmark" A {benchmark} suite from {SPEC}, which contains six benchmarks in {C} performing integer computations. They can be used to estimate the performance of CPU, memory system, and compiler code generation. The individual programs are Logic Design (2x), Interpreter, Data Compression, Spreadsheet. The approximate size of the suite is 85500 lines of source code without comments. The benchmark suite can be used either for speed measurement, resulting in {SPEC ratios}, or for throughput measurement, resulting in {SPEC rates} (1994-11-15)
Spiderweb "tool" A program for creating versions of {Knuth}'s {WEB} self-documenting programs ("{literate programming}"). {(ftp://princeton.edu/)}. (1999-08-26)
spiffy /spi'fee/ 1. Said of programs having a pretty, clever, or exceptionally well-designed interface. "Have you seen the spiffy {X} version of {empire} yet?" This was common mainstream slang during the 1940s. 2. Said sarcastically of a program that is perceived to have little more than a flashy interface going for it. Which meaning should be drawn depends delicately on tone of voice and context. [{Jargon File}]
spreadsheet "application, tool" (Or rarely "worksheet") A type of {application program} which manipulates numerical and string data in rows and columns of cells. The value in a cell can be calculated from a formula which can involve other cells. A value is recalculated automatically whenever a value on which it depends changes. Different cells may be displayed with different formats. Some spreadsheet support three-dimensional matrices and cyclic references which lead to iterative calculation. An essential feature of a spreadsheet is the copy function (often using {drag-and-drop}). A rectangular area may be copied to another which is a multiple of its size. References between cells may be either absolute or relative in either their horizontal or vertical index. All copies of an absolute reference will refer to the same row, column or cell whereas a relative reference refers to a cell with a given offset from the current cell. Many spreadsheets have a "What-if" feature. The user gives desired end conditions and assigns several input cells to be automatically varied. An area of the spreadsheet is assigned to show the result of various combinations of input values. Spreadsheets usually incorporate a {macro language}, which enables third-party writing of worksheet applications for commercial purposes. In the 1970s, a {screen editor} based calculation program called {Visi-Calc} was introduced. It was probably the first commercial spreadsheet program. Soon {Lotus Development Corporation} released the more sophisticated {Lotus 1-2-3}. Clones appeared, (for example {VP-Planner} from {Paperback Software} with {CGA} graphics, {Quattro} from {Borland}) but Lotus maintained its position with world-wide marketing and support - and lawyers! For example, Borland was forced to abandon its Lotus-like {pop-up menu}. While still developing 1-2-3, Lotus introduced {Symphony}, which had simultaneously active windows for the spreadsheet, graphs and a {word processor}. {Microsoft} produced {MultiPlan} for the {Macintosh}, which was followed by {Excel} for Macintosh, long before {Microsoft Windows} was developed. When {Microsoft Windows} arrived Lotus was still producing the {text-based} 1-2-3 and Symphony. Meanwhile, {Microsoft} launched its {Excel} spreadsheet with interactive graphics, graphic charcters, mouse support and {cut-and-paste} to and from other Windows applications. To compete with Windows spreadsheets, Lotus launched its {Allways} add-on for 1-2-3 - a post-processor that produced Windows-quality graphic characters on screen and printer. The release of Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows was late, slow and buggy. Today, Microsoft, Lotus, Borland and many other companies offer Windows-based spreadsheet programs. The main end-users of spreadsheets are business and science. Spreadsheets are an example of a non-algorithmic programming language. [Dates?] (1995-03-28)
stand-alone "jargon" Capable of operating without other programs, libraries, computers, hardware, networks, etc. Exactly what is absent is presumed to be obvious from context. "We only run Windows on stand-alone PCs because it's too dangerous to run it on networked ones." (1998-02-11)
sticky bit "operating system" The {bit} in the mode of a {Unix} file which, if set for an executable, tells the {kernel} to keep the code loaded in {swap space} even after it has finished executing on the assumption that it is likely to be used again soon. This performance optimisation was included in some early (and recent?) versions of {Unix} to save reloading frequently used programs such as the {shell} or {vi} from disk. If the sticky bit is set on a directory, an unprivileged user may not delete or rename files of other users in that directory even if he has write access to the directory. The Unix "ls" command displays a set sticky bit as a "t" in the permissions of a file or directory. (1997-02-26)
subject-oriented programming "programming" Program composition that supports building {object-oriented} systems as compositions of {subjects}, extending systems by composing them with new subjects, and integrating systems by composing them with one another (perhaps with {glue} or adapter subjects). The flexibility of subject composition introduces novel opportunities for developing and modularising object-oriented programs. Subject-oriented programming-in-the-large involves dividing a system into subjects and writing rules to compose them correctly. It complements {object-oriented programming}, solving a number of problems that arise when OOP is used to develop large systems or suites of interoperating or integrated applications. {IBM subject-oriented programming (http://research.ibm.com/sop/)}. (1999-08-31)
Subscriber Identity Module "telecommunications, wireless" (SIM or "SIM card") A component, usually in the form of a miniature {smart-card}, that is theoretically tamper-proof and is used to associate a {mobile subscriber} with a {mobile network} subscription. The SIM holds the subscriber's unique {MSISDN} along with secret information such as a private {encryption key} and encryption and digital signature algorithms. Most SIMs also contain {non-volatile storage} for network and device management, contact lists, text messages sent and received, logos and in some cases even small {Java} {programs}. (2007-01-06)
symmetric multiprocessing "parallel" (SMP) Two or more similar {processors} connected via a high-{bandwidth} link and managed by one {operating system}, where each processor has equal access to I/O devices. This is in contrast to the "{compute server}" kind of {parallel processor} where a {front-end processor} handles all I/O to disks, terminals and {local area network} etc. The processors are treated more or less equally, with {application programs} able to run on any or perhaps all processors in the system, interchangeably, at the operating system's discretion. Simple MP usually involves assigning each processor to a fixed task (such as managing the file system), reserving the single main CPU for general tasks. {OS/2} currently supports so-called HMP (Hybrid Multiprocessing), which provides some elements of symmetric multiprocessing, using add-on IBM software called MP/2. OS/2 SMP was planned for release in late 1993. (1995-03-19)
synthesis "programming, specification" The process of deriving (efficient) programs from (clear) specifications. See also {program transformation}. (1996-08-23)
system software "operating system" Any {software} required to support the production or execution of {application programs} but which is not specific to any particular application. System software typically includes an {operating system} to control the execution of other programs; user environment software such as a {command-line interpreter}, {window system}, {desktop}; development tools for building other programs such as {assemblers}, {compilers}, {linkers}, {libraries}, {interpreters}, {cross-reference generators}, {version control}, {make}; {debugging}, {profiling} and monitoring tools; utility programs, e.g. for sorting, printing, and editting. Different people would classify some or all of the above as part of the operating system while others might say the operating system was just the {kernel}. Some might say system software includes {utility programs} like {sort}. (2007-02-02)
Tagged Image File Format "file format, graphics" (TIFF) A {file format} used for still-image {bitmaps}, stored in tagged fields. {Application programs} can use the tags to accept or ignore fields, depending on their capabilities. While TIFF was designed to be extensible, it lacked a core of useful functionality, so that most useful functions (e.g. {lossless} 24-bit colour) requires nonstandard, often redundant, extensions. The incompatibility of extensions has led some to expand "TIFF" as "Thousands of Incompatible File Formats". Compare {GIF}, {PNG}, {JPEG}. (1997-10-11)
talk "chat, tool, networking, messaging" A {Unix} program and {protocol} supporting conversation between two or more users who may be logged into the same computer or different computers on a network. Variants include {ntalk}, {ytalk}, and {ports} or {emulators} of these programs for other {platforms}. {Unix} has the {talk} program and {protocol} and its variants {xtalk} and {ytalk} for the {X Window System}; {VMS} has {phone}; {Windows for Workgroups} has {chat}. {ITS} also has a talk system. These split the screen into separate areas for each user. {Unix}'s {write} command can also be used, though it does not attempt to separate input and output on the screen. Users of such systems are said to be in {talk mode} which has many conventional abbreviations and idioms. Most of these survived into {chat} jargon, but many fell out of common use with the migration of {user} prattle from talk-like systems to {chat} systems in the early 1990s. These disused talk-specific forms include: "BYE?" - are you ready to close the conversation? This is the standard way to end a talk-mode conversation; the other person types "BYE" to confirm, or else continues the conversation. "JAM"/"MIN" - just a minute "O" - "over" (I have stopped talking). Also "/" as in x/y - x over y, or two newlines (the latter being the most common). "OO" - "over and out" - end of conversation. "\" - Greek {lambda}. "R U THERE?" - are you there? "SEC" - wait a second. "/\/\/" - laughter. But on a {MUD}, this usually means "earthquake fault". See also {talk bomb}. (1998-01-25)
targa "graphics, file format" A graphics data format for {bitmap} {images}. It uses 24 bits per {pixel} and is a common output format for {ray tracing} programs. (1995-01-05)
task scheduling "algorithm" The assignment of start and end times to a set of tasks, subject to certain {constraints}. Constraints are typically either time constraints (the payload must be installed before the payload bay doors are closed) or resource constraints (this task requires a small crane and a crane operator). In the case where the tasks are programs to run concurrently on a computer, this is also known as {multitasking}. (1998-04-25)
TECO "editor, text" /tee'koh/ (Originally an acronym for "[paper] Tape Editor and COrrector"; later, "Text Editor and COrrector"]) A {text editor} developed at {MIT} and modified by just about everybody. With all the dialects included, TECO may have been the most prolific editor in use before {Emacs}, to which it was directly ancestral. The first {Emacs} editor was written in TECO. It was noted for its powerful programming-language-like features and its unspeakably {hairy} {syntax} (see {write-only language}). TECO programs are said to resemble {line noise}. Every string of characters is a valid TECO program (though probably not a useful one); one common game used to be predict what the TECO commands corresponding to human names did. As an example of TECO's obscurity, here is a TECO program that takes a list of names such as: Loser, J. Random Quux, The Great Dick, Moby sorts them alphabetically according to surname, and then puts the surname last, removing the comma, to produce the following: Moby Dick J. Random Loser The Great Quux The program is [1 J^P$L$$ J ".-Z; .,(S,$ -D .)FX1 @F^B $K :L I $ G1 L"$$ (where ^B means "Control-B" (ASCII 0000010) and $ is actually an {alt} or escape (ASCII 0011011) character). In fact, this very program was used to produce the second, sorted list from the first list. The first hack at it had a {bug}: GLS (the author) had accidentally omitted the "@" in front of "F^B", which as anyone can see is clearly the {Wrong Thing}. It worked fine the second time. There is no space to describe all the features of TECO, but "^P" means "sort" and "J".-Z; ... L"" is an idiomatic series of commands for "do once for every line". By 1991, {Emacs} had replaced TECO in hacker's affections but descendants of an early (and somewhat lobotomised) version adopted by {DEC} can still be found lurking on {VMS} and a couple of {crufty} {PDP-11} {operating systems}, and ports of the more advanced MIT versions remain the focus of some antiquarian interest. See also {retrocomputing}. {(ftp://usc.edu/)} for {VAX}/{VMS}, {Unix}, {MS-DOS}, {Macintosh}, {Amiga}. [Authro? Home page?] (2001-03-26)
Tempura Language based on temporal logic. "Executing Temporal Logic Programs", B. Moszkowski, Camb U Press 1986.
tense Of programs, very clever and efficient. A tense piece of code often got that way because it was highly {bum}med, but sometimes it was just based on a great idea. A comment in a clever routine by Mike Kazar, once a grad-student hacker at CMU: "This routine is so tense it will bring tears to your eyes." A tense programmer is one who produces tense code. [{Jargon File}]
termcap "operating system" (terminal capabilities) A {Unix} database listing different types of terminal (or {terminal emulation}) and the character {strings} to send to make the terminal perform certain functions such as move the {cursor} up one line or clear the screen. Programs written using termcap can work on any terminal in the database which supports the necessary functions. Typical programs are {text editors} or file viewers like {more}. The termcap routines look for an {environment variable} "TERM" to determine which terminal the user is using. {terminfo} is a later version of termcap. (1998-10-30)
terminal junkie (UK) A {wannabee} or early {larval stage} hacker who spends most of his or her time wandering the directory tree and writing {noddy} programs just to get a fix of computer time. Variants include "terminal jockey", "console junkie", and {console jockey}. The term "console jockey" seems to imply more expertise than the other three (possibly because of the exalted status of the {console} relative to an ordinary terminal). See also {twink}, {read-only user}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-16)
theology 1. Ironically or humorously used to refer to {religious issues}. 2. Technical fine points of an abstruse nature, especially those where the resolution is of theoretical interest but is relatively {marginal} with respect to actual use of a design or system. Used especially around software issues with a heavy AI or language-design component, such as the smart-data vs. smart-programs dispute in AI. [{Jargon File}]
The story of Mel, a Real Programmer "programming, person" A 1983 article by Ed Nather about {hacker} {Mel Kaye}. The full text follows. A recent article devoted to the macho side of programming made the bald and unvarnished statement, "Real Programmers write in FORTRAN". Maybe they do now, in this decadent era of Lite beer, hand calculators and "user-friendly" software but back in the Good Old Days, when the term "software" sounded funny and Real Computers were made out of {drums} and {vacuum tubes}, Real Programmers wrote in {machine code} - not {Fortran}, not {RATFOR}, not even {assembly language} - {Machine Code}, raw, unadorned, inscrutable {hexadecimal} numbers, directly. Lest a whole new generation of programmers grow up in ignorance of this glorious past, I feel duty-bound to describe, as best I can through the generation gap, how a Real Programmer wrote code. I'll call him Mel, because that was his name. I first met Mel when I went to work for {Royal McBee Computer Corporation}, a now-defunct subsidiary of the typewriter company. The firm manufactured the {LGP-30}, a small, cheap (by the standards of the day) {drum}-memory computer, and had just started to manufacture the RPC-4000, a much-improved, bigger, better, faster -- drum-memory computer. Cores cost too much, and weren't here to stay, anyway. (That's why you haven't heard of the company, or the computer.) I had been hired to write a {Fortran} compiler for this new marvel and Mel was my guide to its wonders. Mel didn't approve of compilers. "If a program can't rewrite its own code," he asked, "what good is it?" Mel had written, in {hexadecimal}, the most popular computer program the company owned. It ran on the {LGP-30} and played blackjack with potential customers at computer shows. Its effect was always dramatic. The LGP-30 booth was packed at every show, and the IBM salesmen stood around talking to each other. Whether or not this actually sold computers was a question we never discussed. Mel's job was to re-write the blackjack program for the {RPC-4000}. ({Port}? What does that mean?) The new computer had a one-plus-one addressing scheme, in which each machine instruction, in addition to the {operation code} and the address of the needed {operand}, had a second address that indicated where, on the revolving drum, the next instruction was located. In modern parlance, every single instruction was followed by a {GO TO}! Put *that* in {Pascal}'s pipe and smoke it. Mel loved the RPC-4000 because he could optimize his code: that is, locate instructions on the drum so that just as one finished its job, the next would be just arriving at the "read head" and available for immediate execution. There was a program to do that job, an "optimizing assembler", but Mel refused to use it. "You never know where its going to put things", he explained, "so you'd have to use separate constants". It was a long time before I understood that remark. Since Mel knew the numerical value of every operation code, and assigned his own drum addresses, every instruction he wrote could also be considered a numerical constant. He could pick up an earlier "add" instruction, say, and multiply by it, if it had the right numeric value. His code was not easy for someone else to modify. I compared Mel's hand-optimised programs with the same code massaged by the optimizing assembler program, and Mel's always ran faster. That was because the "{top-down}" method of program design hadn't been invented yet, and Mel wouldn't have used it anyway. He wrote the innermost parts of his program loops first, so they would get first choice of the optimum address locations on the drum. The optimizing assembler wasn't smart enough to do it that way. Mel never wrote time-delay loops, either, even when the balky {Flexowriter} required a delay between output characters to work right. He just located instructions on the drum so each successive one was just *past* the read head when it was needed; the drum had to execute another complete revolution to find the next instruction. He coined an unforgettable term for this procedure. Although "optimum" is an absolute term, like "unique", it became common verbal practice to make it relative: "not quite optimum" or "less optimum" or "not very optimum". Mel called the maximum time-delay locations the "most pessimum". After he finished the blackjack program and got it to run, ("Even the initialiser is optimised", he said proudly) he got a Change Request from the sales department. The program used an elegant (optimised) {random number generator} to shuffle the "cards" and deal from the "deck", and some of the salesmen felt it was too fair, since sometimes the customers lost. They wanted Mel to modify the program so, at the setting of a sense switch on the console, they could change the odds and let the customer win. Mel balked. He felt this was patently dishonest, which it was, and that it impinged on his personal integrity as a programmer, which it did, so he refused to do it. The Head Salesman talked to Mel, as did the Big Boss and, at the boss's urging, a few Fellow Programmers. Mel finally gave in and wrote the code, but he got the test backward, and, when the sense switch was turned on, the program would cheat, winning every time. Mel was delighted with this, claiming his subconscious was uncontrollably ethical, and adamantly refused to fix it. After Mel had left the company for greener pa$ture$, the Big Boss asked me to look at the code and see if I could find the test and reverse it. Somewhat reluctantly, I agreed to look. Tracking Mel's code was a real adventure. I have often felt that programming is an art form, whose real value can only be appreciated by another versed in the same arcane art; there are lovely gems and brilliant coups hidden from human view and admiration, sometimes forever, by the very nature of the process. You can learn a lot about an individual just by reading through his code, even in hexadecimal. Mel was, I think, an unsung genius. Perhaps my greatest shock came when I found an innocent loop that had no test in it. No test. *None*. Common sense said it had to be a closed loop, where the program would circle, forever, endlessly. Program control passed right through it, however, and safely out the other side. It took me two weeks to figure it out. The RPC-4000 computer had a really modern facility called an {index register}. It allowed the programmer to write a program loop that used an indexed instruction inside; each time through, the number in the index register was added to the address of that instruction, so it would refer to the next datum in a series. He had only to increment the index register each time through. Mel never used it. Instead, he would pull the instruction into a machine register, add one to its address, and store it back. He would then execute the modified instruction right from the register. The loop was written so this additional execution time was taken into account -- just as this instruction finished, the next one was right under the drum's read head, ready to go. But the loop had no test in it. The vital clue came when I noticed the index register bit, the bit that lay between the address and the operation code in the instruction word, was turned on-- yet Mel never used the index register, leaving it zero all the time. When the light went on it nearly blinded me. He had located the data he was working on near the top of memory -- the largest locations the instructions could address -- so, after the last datum was handled, incrementing the instruction address would make it overflow. The carry would add one to the operation code, changing it to the next one in the instruction set: a jump instruction. Sure enough, the next program instruction was in address location zero, and the program went happily on its way. I haven't kept in touch with Mel, so I don't know if he ever gave in to the flood of change that has washed over programming techniques since those long-gone days. I like to think he didn't. In any event, I was impressed enough that I quit looking for the offending test, telling the Big Boss I couldn't find it. He didn't seem surprised. When I left the company, the blackjack program would still cheat if you turned on the right sense switch, and I think that's how it should be. I didn't feel comfortable hacking up the code of a Real Programmer." [Posted to {Usenet} by its author, Ed Nather "utastro!nather", on 1983-05-21]. {Jargon File (http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/story-of-mel.html)}. [{On the trail of a Real Programmer (http://www.jamtronix.com/blog/2011/03/25/on-the-trail-of-a-real-programmer/)}, 2011-03-25 blog post by "jonno" at Jamtronix] [When did it happen? Did Mel use hexadecimal or octal?] (2003-09-12)
third generation computer "architecture" A computer built with small-scale integration {integrated circuits}, designed after the mid-1960s. Third generation computers use {semiconductor} memories in addition to, and later instead of, {ferrite core memory}. The two main types of semiconductor memory are {Read-Only Memory} (ROM) and read-and-write memories called {random-access memory} (RAM). A technique called {microprogramming} became widespread and simplified the design of the {CPUs} and increased their flexibility. This also made possible the development of {operating systems} as {software} rather than as hard-wiring. A variety of techniques for improving processing efficiency were invented, such as {pipelining}, (parallel operation of {functional units} processing a single instruction), and {multiprocessing} (concurrent execution of multiple programs). As the execution of a program requires that program to be in memory, the concurrent running of several programs requires that all programs be in memory simultaneously. Thus the development of techniques for concurrent processing was matched by the development of {memory management} techniques such as {dynamic memory allocation}, {virtual memory}, and {paging}, as well as {compilers} producing {relocatable code}. The {LILLIAC IV} is an example of a third generation computer. The CTSS ({Compatible Time-Sharing System}) was developed at {MIT} in the early 1960s and had a considerable influence on the design of subsequent timesharing operating systems. An interesting contrasting development in this generation was the start of mass production of small low-cost "{minicomputers}".
Tickle "text, tool" A {text editor}, file translator and {TCL} {interpreter} for the {Macintosh}. Version 5.0v1. The text editor breaks the 32K limit (like {MPW}). The file translation utilities support {drag and drop} handling via tcl scripts of {BinHex}, {MacBinary}, {Apple Computer} Single/Double, {StuffIt} (with engine), {Unix} {compress}, {Unix} {tar} and {UUencode} files as well as text translation. Tickle implements tcl 7.0 with {tclX} extensions and {Macintosh} equivalents of {Unix}'s {ls}, {pwd}, {cd} commands. It provides Macintosh access to {Resource Manager}, {Communications Toolbox}, {OSA} Components (and {AppleScript}), {Editions} (publish and subscribe) and {Apple Events} (including AEBuild and AEPrint). {OSA Script} support allows programming of any OSA scripting component within Tickle interpreter windows. It provides the OSAtcl and OSAJ {J}/{APL} extensions and creates "Ticklets" which are small {application programs} that carry only the tcl script and use code in the OSAtcl component to drive an application that allows {drag and drop} with tcl scripts. Tickle is scriptable and recordable. {(ftp://ftp.msen.com/pub/vendor/ice/tickle/Tickle5.0v1.hqx)}. E-mail: "time@ice.com". (1994-10-12)
tight loop "programming" A {loop} of code that executes without releasing any resources to other programs or the {operating system}. Consider the following pointless {BASIC} loop that counts upward indefinitely 10 i = i + 1 20 GOTO 10 Run on a single-user system such as {MS-DOS} this will not cause any problems. Run on a {cooperative multitasking} operating system such as {Windows 3}, the system would appear to freeze. A {pre-emptive multitasking} operating system such as {UNIX} or {Windows NT} would "steal" cycles away from the program and continue to run other programs. See also {busy-wait} and {multitasking}. (1999-05-06)
TMS 9900 "processor" One of the first true 16-bit {microprocessors}, released by {Texas Instruments} in June 1976 (the first are probably {National Semiconductor} {IMP-16} or {AMD-2901} {bit slice processors} in 16-bit configuration). It was designed as a single chip version of the {TI 990} {minicomputer} series, much like the {Intersil 6100} was a single chip {PDP-8}, and the {Fairchild 9440} and {Data General mN601} were both one chip versions of {Data General}'s {Nova}. Unlike the IMS 6100, however, the TMS 9900 had a mature, well thought out design. It had a 15-bit {address space} and two internal 16 bit {registers}. One unique feature was that all user {registers} were actually kept in memory - this included {stack pointers} and the {program counter}. A single workspace {register} pointed to the 16 {register set} in {RAM}, so when a subroutine was entered or an {interrupt} was processed, only the single workspace register had to be changed - unlike some {CPUs} which required dozens or more register saves before acknowledging a {context switch}. This was feasible at the time because {RAM} was often faster than the {CPUs}. A few modern designs, such as the {INMOS} {transputer}, use this same design using {caches} or {rotating buffers}, for the same reason of faster {context switch}es. Other chips of the time, such as the {650x} series had a similar philosophy, using {index registers}, but the TMS 9900 went the farthest in this direction. That wasn't the only positive feature of the chip. It had good {interrupt} handling features and very good instruction set. Serial I/O was available through address lines. In typical comparisons with the {Intel 8086}, the TMS9900 had smaller and faster programs. The only disadvantage was the small {address space} and need for fast {RAM}. Despite very poor support from Texas Instruments, the TMS 9900 had the potential at one point to surpass the {Intel 8086} in popularity. (1994-11-30)
tool 1. "tool" A program used primarily to create, manipulate, modify, or analyse other programs, such as a compiler or an editor or a cross-referencing program. Opposite: {app}, {operating system}. 2. A {Unix} {application program} with a simple, "transparent" (typically text-stream) interface designed specifically to be used in programmed combination with other tools (see {filter}, {plumbing}). 3. "jargon" ({MIT}: general to students there) To work; to study (connotes tedium). The {TMRC} Dictionary defined this as "to set one's brain to the grindstone". See {hack}. 4. "jargon, person" ({MIT}) A student who studies too much and hacks too little. MIT's student humour magazine rejoices in the name "Tool and Die". [{Jargon File}] (1996-12-12)
toolbar "operating system" A common {graphical user interface} component, consisting of a permanently visible row of button {icons} that, when clicked with the {mouse}, cause the program to perform some action such as printing the current document or changing the {mode} of operation. The toolbar buttons often invoke functions accessible via {menus} but they are easier to use since they are permanently visible. A typical use would be in a {paint} program where the toolbar allows the users to select one of the various painting "tools" - brush, pencil, bucket etc. Some {application programs} under some {operating systems} may allow the user to customise the functions accessible via toolbars; in others, the choice is fixed by the programmer. (2003-10-24)
Tool Command Language "language" /tik*l/ (Tcl) An interpreted string processing language for issuing commands to {interactive} programs, developed by {John Ousterhout} at {UCB}. Each {application program} can extend tcl with its own set of commands. Tcl is like a text-oriented {Lisp}, but lets you write algebraic expressions for simplicity and to avoid scaring people away. Though originally designed to be a "scripting language" rather than for serious programming, Tcl has been used successfully for programs with hundreds of thousands of lines. It has a peculiar but simple {syntax}. It may be used as an embedded {interpreter} in application programs. It has {exceptions} and {packages} (called libraries), {name-spaces} for {procedures} and {variables}, and provide/require. It supports {dynamic loading} of {object code}. It is {eight-bit clean}. It has only three variable types: strings, lists and {associative arrays} but no {structures}. Tcl and its associated {GUI} {toolkit}, {Tk} run on all flavors of {Unix}, {Microsoft Windows}, {Macintosh} and {VMS}. Tcl runs on the {Amiga} and many other {platforms}. See also {expect} (control interactive programs and pattern match on their output), {Cygnus Tcl Tools}, {[incr Tcl]} (adds classes and inheritence to Tcl), {Scriptics} (John Ousterhout's company that is the home of Tcl development and the TclPro tool suite), {Tcl Consortium} (a non-profit agency dedicated to promoting Tcl), {tclhttpd} (an embeddable Tcl-based web server), {tclx} (adds many commands to Tcl), {tcl-debug}. {comp.lang.tcl FAQ at MIT (ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-group/comp.answers/tcl-faq/)}. or {at purl.org (http://purl.org/NET/Tcl-FAQ/)}. {Scriptics downloads (http://scriptics.com/software/download.html)}. {Kanji (ftp://srawgw.sra.co.jp/pub/lang/tcl/jp/)}. {Usenet} newsgroups: {news:comp.lang.tcl.announce}, {news:comp.lang.tcl}. ["Tcl: An Embeddable Command Language", J. Ousterhout, Proc 1990 Winter USENIX Conf]. (1998-11-27)
toolsmith The software equivalent of a tool-and-die specialist; one who specialises in making the {tools} with which other programmers create applications. Many hackers consider this more fun than applications per se; to understand why, see {uninteresting}. Jon Bentley, in the "Bumper-Sticker Computer Science" chapter of his book "More Programming Pearls", quotes Dick Sites from DEC as saying "I'd rather write programs to write programs than write programs". [{Jargon File}]
Transient Program Area "operating system" (TPA) The region of memory {CP/M} set aside for user programs. (2001-11-01)
tree "mathematics, data" A {directed acyclic graph}; i.e. a {graph} wherein there is only one route between any pair of {nodes}, and there is a notion of "toward top of the tree" (i.e. the {root node}), and its opposite direction, toward the {leaves}. A tree with n nodes has n-1 edges. Although maybe not part of the widest definition of a tree, a common constraint is that no node can have more than one parent. Moreover, for some applications, it is necessary to consider a node's {daughter} nodes to be an ordered {list}, instead of merely a {set}. As a data structure in computer programs, trees are used in everything from {B-trees} in {databases} and {file systems}, to {game trees} in {game theory}, to {syntax trees} in a human or computer {languages}. (1998-11-12)
troff "text, tool" /T'rof/ or /trof/ The grey eminence of {Unix} text processing; a formatting and phototypesetting program, written originally in {PDP-11} {assembly code} and then in barely-structured early {C} by the late Joseph Ossanna, modelled after the earlier {ROFF} which was in turn modelled after {Multics}' {RUNOFF} by Jerome Saltzer (*that* name came from the expression "to run off a copy"). A companion program, {nroff}, formats output for terminals and line printers. In 1979, Brian Kernighan modified troff so that it could drive phototypesetters other than the Graphic Systems CAT. His paper describing that work ("A Typesetter-independent troff", AT&T CSTR
TRON 1. "project" {The Real-Time Operating System Nucleus}. 2. "language, programming, testing, tool" (TRace ON) A {command} used when {debugging} {programs} written in early {line-numbered} {BASIC} that contained {GOTO} and {GOSUB} statements. When the TRON command had been {executed}, the program ran with a {window} open indicating the line number being executed at that instant. The {TROFF} (an abbreviation for "TRace OFF") command turned the {tracing} off. (2003-02-02)
TSL-1 Task Sequencing Language. Language for specifying sequences of tasking events in Ada programs. ["Task Sequencing Language for Specifying Distributed Ada Systems", D.C. Luckham et al in PARLE: Parallel Architectures and Langs Europe, LNCS 259, Springer 1987, pp.444-463].
Turbo C "language" {Borland}'s {C} {compiler} for {IBM PCs}. Turbo C, version 1.0, was introduced by Borland in 1987. It offered the first integrated edit-compile-run development environment for {C} on {IBM PCs}. It ran in 384KB of memory. It allowed inline assembly, supported all memory models, and offered optimisations for speed, size, {constant folding}, and {jump elimination}. Version 1.5 shipped on five 360 KB diskettes of uncompressed files, and came with sample C programs, including a stripped down spreadsheet called mcalc. Turbo C 2.0 has a debugger, a fast assembler, and an extensive graphics library. Turbo C has been largely supplanted by {Turbo C++}, introduced circa September, 1990 for both {MS-DOS} and {Microsoft Windows}. ["Compiling the facts on C", Richard Hale Shaw, PC Magazine, September 13, 1988, pages 115-183]. (1996-10-31)
Turbo Prolog A {strongly typed} Prolog-like {logic programming} language. 1986. It has user-defined domains. Programs are arranged in sections: DOMAINS, CLAUSES, PREDICATES, DATABASE and GOAL. It is currently known as {PDC Prolog} and is distributed by {Prolog Development Center}, Atlanta +1 404 873 1366. E-mail: "pdc@mcimail.com".
turtle graphics "graphics" The line drawings produced by programs in {LOGO}. (2003-05-04)
Twitter "messaging" A free {Internet} service for posting short messages, known as "tweets", via a central server, which are then sent to all users who have chosen to follow you or to a specific user. A variety of {client} programs are available in addition to the {website}. Launched in about 2008. {Twitter home (http://twitter.com/)}. (2009-06-10)
Universal Debugger "tool, parallel" (udb) {KSR}'s interactive {source level debugger} for serial and parallel programs written in {KSR}, {Fortran}, {KSR C} and {KSR1} {assembly language}. Udb is a source level debugger for testing and debugging serial and parallel programs; it is compatible with {GDB} and {dbx}. The user can direct udb either by typing commands or graphically through an {X}-based window interface; the latter provides simultaneous display of source code, I/O and instructions. For parallel programs, operations can be carried out per-{thread}. {Home (http://tc.cornell.edu/Parallel.Tools/tools/udb.html)}. (1995-05-07)
Unix weenie "jargon" ({ITS}) 1. A derogatory play on "{Unix wizard}", common among hackers who use {Unix} by necessity but would prefer alternatives. The implication is that although the person in question may consider mastery of Unix arcana to be a wizardly skill, the only real skill involved is the ability to tolerate (and the bad taste to wallow in) the incoherence and needless complexity that is alleged to infest many Unix programs. "This shell script tries to parse its arguments in 69 bletcherous ways. It must have been written by a real Unix weenie." 2. A derogatory term for anyone who engages in uncritical praise of {Unix}. Often appearing in the context "stupid Unix weenie". See {Weenix}, {Unix conspiracy}, {weenie}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-27)
unzip 1. "tool, compression" To extract files from an archive created with {PKWare}'s {PKZIP} archiver. 2. "tool, compression" A program to list, test, or extract files from a {ZIP} archive, commonly found on {MS-DOS} systems. zip, creates ZIP archives; both programs are compatible with archives created by {PKWARE, Inc.}'s {PKZIP} and {PKUNZIP} for {MS-DOS}. (1995-03-06)
upload /uhp'lohd/ To transfer programs or data over a digital communications link from a smaller or peripheral "client" system to a larger or central "host" one. Opposite: {download}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-10-27)
upper memory block "storage" (UMB) Up to 64 {kilobytes} of the {expanded memory page frame} above the first 64 kilobytes. The UMB can be used to store {TSR} programs or {device drivers} thereby freeing parts of the precious {conventional memory}. The UMB is provided by special memory manager programs; many {EMMs} can provide UMB as well. (1996-01-10)
USENIX "body" Since 1975, the USENIX Association has provided a forum for the communication of the results of innovation and research in {Unix} and modern {open systems}. It is well known for its technical conferences, tutorial programs, and the wide variety of publications it has sponsored over the years. USENIX is the original not-for-profit membership organisation for individuals and institutions interested in {Unix} and {Unix}-like systems, by extension, {X}, {object-oriented} technology, and other advanced tools and technologies, and the broad interconnected and interoperable computing environment. USENIX's activities include an annual technical conference; frequent specific-topic conferences and symposia; a highly regarded tutorial program covering a wide range of topics, introductory through advanced; numerous publications, including a book series, in cooperation with The {MIT Press}, on advanced computing systems, proceedings from USENIX symposia and conferences, the quarterly journal "Computing Systems", and the biweekly newsletter; "login: "; participation in various {ANSI}, {IEEE} and {ISO} {standards} efforts; sponsorship of local and special technical groups relevant to Unix. The chartering of SAGE, the {System Administrators Guild} as a Special Technical Group within USENIX is the most recent. {(http://usenix.org)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.org.usenix}. (1994-12-07)
usr User. The "/usr" directory hierarchy on {Unix} systems. Once upon a time, in the early days of Unix, this area actually held users' home directories and files. Since these tend to expand much faster than system files, /usr would be mounted on the biggest disk on the system. The root directory, "/" in contrast, contains only what is needed to {boot} the {kernel}, after which /usr and other disks could be mounted as part of the multi-user start-up process. /usr has been used as the "everything else" area, with many "system" files such as compiler libraries (/usr/include, /usr/lib), utilty programs (/usr/bin, /usr/ucb), games (/usr/games), local additions (/usr/local), manuals (/usr/man), temporary files and queues for various {daemons} (/usr/spool). These optional extras have grown in size as Unix has evolved and disks have dropped in price. Under later versions of {SunOS}, the user files have fled /usr altogether for a new "/home" {partition} and temporary files have moved to "/var". This allows /usr to be mounted read-only with some gain in security and performance since access times are not updated for files on read-only file systems.
utility software "tool" (Or utility program, tool) Any {software} that performs some specific task that is secondary to the main purpose of using the computer (the latter would be called {application programs}) but is not essential to the operation of the computer ({system software}). Many utilities could be considered as part of the {system software}, which can in turn be considered part of the {operating system}. The following are some broad categories of utility software, specific types and examples. * Disks {disk formatter}: {FDISK}, {format} {defragmenter} {disk checker}: {fsck} {disk cleaner} {system profiler} {backup} {file system compression} * Files and directories list directory: {ls}, {dir} copy, move, remove: {cp}, {mv}, {rm}, {xcopy} {archive}: {tar} {compression}: {zip} format conversion: {atob} comparison: {diff} sort: {sort} * Security {authentication}: {login} {antivirus software}: {avast}, {Norton Antivirus} {firewall}: {Zone Alarm}, {Windows firewall} {encryption}: {gpg}) * Editors for general-purpose formats (as opposed to specific formats like a {word processing} document) {text editor}: {Emacs} {binary editor}, {hex editor} * Communications {mail transfer agent}: {sendmail} e-mail notification: {biff} file transfer: {ftp}, {rcp}, {Firefox} file synchronisation: {unison}, {briefcase} chat: {Gaim}, {cu} directory services: {bind}, {nslookup}, {whois} network diagnosis: {ping}, {traceroute} remote access: {rlogin}, {ssh} * Software development {compiler}: {gcc} build: {make}, {ant} {codewalker} {preprocessor}: {cpp} {debugger}: {adb}, {gdb} {installation}: {apt-get}, {msiexec}, {patch} {compiler compiler}: {yacc} * Hardware device configuration: {PCU}, {devman}, {stty} (2007-02-02)
vdiff /vee'dif/ Visual diff. The operation of finding differences between two files by {eyeball search}. The term "optical diff" has also been reported, and is sometimes more specifically used for the act of superimposing two nearly identical printouts on one another and holding them up to a light to spot differences. Though this method is poor for detecting omissions in the "rear" file, it can also be used with printouts of graphics, a claim few if any diff programs can make. See {diff}. [{Jargon File}]
vector graphics "graphics" (Sometimes called "object-oriented" graphics, though it's nothing to do with {object-oriented programming}). The representation of separate shapes such as lines, polygons and text, and groups of such objects, as opposed to {bitmaps}. The advantage of vector graphics ("drawing") programs over bitmap ("paint") editors is that multiple overlapping elements can be manipulated independently without using differenet layers for each one. It is also easier to render an object at different sizes and to transform it in other ways without worrying about image {resolution} and {pixels}. (2001-02-06)
Very Large Memory "architecture" (VLM) A {processor} and {operating system} that can use more than 4GB of {RAM}, which is the limit for systems using {32-bit} addresses. VLM architectures allow {application programs} and {Very Large Databases} with more than 4GB of data to be placed entirely in {physical memory}, with large performance enhancements. Some recent processors like the {DEC Alpha} can process 64 bits of data at a time and use addresses wider than 32 bits. {Digital Unix (http://unix.digital.com/unix/64bit/)}. (Solaris {http://sun.com/solaris/64bit.html}). (SGI {http://sgi.com/Technology/standard/faq.html}). (Unix 98 {http://UNIX-systems.org/version2/whatsnew/login_64bit.html}). [How wide are the address busses?] (1998-07-07)
VIC-20 "computer" A home computer made by {Commodore} with a {6502} {CPU}, similar in style to the {Commodore 64} and {Commodore C16}. The VIC-20 was released before the C64, and after the {Commodore PET}(?). It was intended to be more of a low-end home computer than the PET. The VIC-20 had connectors for game cartridges and a {tape drive} (compatible with a C64). It came with five {kilobytes} of {RAM}, but 1.5 KB were used by the system for various things, like the video display (which had an unusual 22x20 char/line screen layout), and other dynamic aspects of the {operating system} (such as it was). The RAM was expandable with a plug-in cartridge which used the same expansion port as games. Port expander boxes were available to allow more than one cartridge to be connected at a time. RAM cartridges were available in several sizes: 3K, 8K, 16K and 32K. The internal memory map was re-organised with the addition of each size cartridge, leading to the situation that some programs would only work if the right amount of memory was available. The 32K cartridges were all third-party and had switches to allow the RAM to be enabled in sections so that any expansion size could be achieved. {BASIC} programs could use at most 24 KB of RAM. Any extra occupied the location usually used by ROM cartridges (i.e. games). This allowed people to copy ROM cartridges to tape and distribute them to their friends, who could load the tape into the top 8k of their 32k RAM packs. The name "VIC" came from the Video Interface Chip that was also used in the other, later, Commodore 8-bit computers. (2000-03-28)
video dial tone "communications" A means by which telephone companies can deliver "television" programs on a {common carrier} basis and, by law, provide equal access to all. [What does this mean?] (1996-12-01)
Video on Demand "communications" (VoD) A planned system using {video compression} to supply programs to viewers when requested, via {ISDN} or cable. (1994-11-02)
virtual 86 mode "processor, programming" (Or "virtual mode" or "virtual 8086 mode") An operating mode provided by the {Intel 80386} and later processors to allow {real mode} programs to run under {operating systems} which use {protected mode}. In this sub-mode of protected mode, an operating environment is created which mimics the address calculation in real mode. In virtual 86 mode the segment {MMU} is practically turned off and the {segment registers} exhibit the same behaviour as in real mode. The {page}d MMU, however, still operates. This means that the one megabyte {address space} of real mode can be remapped in four kilobyte {pages} to anywhere in the 32 bit {physical address} space. Each page can be protected separately from read or write accesses. Virtual mode is handled on a per-task-basis, so each {exception} (from protection violations or {interrupts}) switches the processor back into protected mode. It is therefore possible to have multiple tasks in virtual mode which run {concurrent}ly under the control of an operating system which runs in protected mode. Most operating system services in {MS-DOS} systems are called by {software interrupts}, which are a kind of exception. If an MS-DOS application runs in virtual mode under the control of a protected mode operating system, each call to MS-DOS causes a switch to protected mode. The operating system emulates the MS-DOS service and switches back to the application in virtual mode. From the viewpoint of the application nothing differs from real mode. {Microsoft Windows}, {Windows NT}, and {OS/2} use this feature to implement "DOS-boxes" in which both MS-DOS and real mode {application programs} can run.
virtual address 1. "architecture" A memory location accessed by an {application program} in a system with {virtual memory} such that intervening hardware and/or software maps the virtual address to real ({physical}) memory. During the course of execution of an application, the same virtual address may be mapped to many different {physical addresses} as data and programs are {paged out} and {paged in} to other locations. 2. In {IBM}'s {VM} {operating system}, {Virtual Device Location}. (2001-01-02)
virtual machine 1. An {abstract machine} for which an {interpreter} exists. Virtual machines are often used in the implementation of portable executors for {high-level languages}. The HLL is compiled into code for the virtual machine (an {intermediate language}) which is then executed by an {interpreter} written in {assembly language} or some other portable language like {C}. Examples are {Core War}, {Java Virtual Machine}, {OCODE}, {OS/2}, {POPLOG}, {Portable Scheme Interpreter}, {Portable Standard Lisp}, {Parallel Virtual Machine}, {Sequential Parlog Machine}, {SNOBOL Implementation Language}, {SODA}, {Smalltalk}. 2. A software emulation of a physical computing environment. The term gave rise to the name of {IBM}'s {VM} {operating system} whose task is to provide one or more simultaneous execution environments in which operating systems or other programs may execute as though they were running "on the bare iron", that is, without an eveloping Control Program. A major use of VM is the running of both outdated and current versions of the same operating system on a single {CPU} complex for the purpose of system migration, thereby obviating the need for a second processor. (2002-04-15)
virtual memory "memory management" A system allowing a computer program to behave as though the computer's memory was larger than the actual {physical} {RAM}. The excess is stored on {hard disk} and copied to RAM as required. Virtual memory is usually much larger than physical memory, making it possible to run programs for which the total code plus data size is greater than the amount of RAM available. This is known as "{demand paged} virtual memory". A page is copied from disk to RAM ("paged in") when an attempt is made to access it and it is not already present. This paging is performed automatically by collaboration between the {CPU}, the {memory management unit} (MMU), and the {operating system} {kernel}. The program is unaware of virtual memory, it just sees a large {address space}, only part of which corresponds to physical memory at any instant. The virtual {address space} is divided into {pages}. Each {virtual address} output by the {CPU} is split into a (virtual) {page} number (the most significant bits) and an offset within the page (the N least significant bits). Each page thus contains 2^N {bytes} (or whatever the unit of addressing is). The offset is left unchanged and the {memory management unit} (MMU) maps the virtual page number to a {physical} page number. This is recombined with the offset to give a {physical address} - a location in {physical memory} ({RAM}). The performance of a program will depend dramatically on how its memory access pattern interacts with the paging scheme. If accesses exhibit a lot of {locality of reference}, i.e. each access tends to be close to previous accesses, the performance will be better than if accesses are randomly distributed over the program's {address space} thus requiring more paging. In a {multitasking} system, physical memory may contain pages belonging to several programs. Without {demand paging}, an OS would need to allocate physical memory for the whole of every active program and its data. Such a system might still use an {MMU} so that each program could be located at the same {virtual address} and not require run-time relocation. Thus virtual addressing does not necessarily imply the existence of virtual memory. Similarly, a {multitasking} system might load the whole program and its data into physical memory when it is to be executed and copy it all out to disk when its {timeslice} expired. Such "swapping" does not imply virtual memory and is less efficient than paging. Some {application programs} implement virtual memory wholly in software, by translating every virtual memory access into a file access, but efficient virtual memory requires hardware and operating system support. (2002-11-26)
virus "security" (By analogy with biological viruses, via science fiction) A program or piece of code, a type of {malware}, written by a {cracker}, that "infects" one or more other programs by embedding a copy of itself in them, so that they become {Trojan horses}. When these programs are executed, the embedded virus is executed too, thus propagating the "infection". This normally happens invisibly to the user. A virus has an "engine" - code that enables it to propagate and optionally a "payload" - what it does apart from propagating. It needs a "host" - the particular hardware and software environment on which it can run and a "trigger" - the event that starts it running. Unlike a {worm}, a virus cannot infect other computers without assistance. It is propagated by vectors such as humans trading programs with their friends (see {SEX}). The virus may do nothing but propagate itself and then allow the program to run normally. Usually, however, after propagating silently for a while, it starts doing things like writing "cute" messages on the terminal or playing strange tricks with the display (some viruses include {display hacks}). Viruses written by particularly antisocial {crackers} may do irreversible damage, like deleting files. By the 1990s, viruses had become a serious problem, especially among {IBM PC} and {Macintosh} users (the lack of security on these machines enables viruses to spread easily, even infecting the operating system). The production of special {antivirus software} has become an industry, and a number of exaggerated media reports have caused outbreaks of near hysteria among users. Many {lusers} tend to blame *everything* that doesn't work as they had expected on virus attacks. Accordingly, this sense of "virus" has passed into popular usage where it is often incorrectly used for other types of {malware} such as {worms} or {Trojan horses}. See {boot virus}, {phage}. Compare {back door}. See also {Unix conspiracy}. [{Jargon File}] (2003-06-20)
VisiCalc "application, tool, business, history" /vi'zi-calk/ The first {spreadsheet} program, conceived in 1978 by {Dan Bricklin}, while he was an MBA student at Harvard Business School. Inspired by a demonstration given by {Douglas Engelbart} of a {point-and-click} {user interface}, Bricklin set out to design an {application} that would combine the intuitiveness of pencil and paper calculations with the power of a {programmable pocket calculator}. Bricklin's design was based on the (paper) financial spreadsheet, a kind of document already used in business planning. (Some of Bricklin's notes for VisiCalc were scribbled on the back of a spreadsheet pad.) VisiCalc was probably not the first application to use a spreadsheet model, but it did have a number of original features, all of which continue to be fundamental to spreadsheet software. These include {point-and-type} editing, {range} {replication} and formulas that update automatically with changes to other {cells}. VisiCalc is widely credited with creating the sudden demand for desktop computers that helped fuel the {microcomputer} boom of the early 1980s. Thousands of business people with little or no technical expertise found that they could use VisiCalc to create sophisticated financial programs. This makes VisiCalc one of the first {killer apps}. {Dan Bricklin's Site (http://bricklin.com/visicalc.htm)}. (2003-07-05)
Visual Component Library "programming" {VCL} A {application framework} library for {Microsoft Windows} and {Borland Software Corp.}'s {Delphi} and {C++Builder} {rapid application development} software. VCL was originally designed for Delphi but is now also used for C++Builder. This replaces {OWL} {Object Windows Library} as Borland's Windows C++ framework of choice. VCL encapsulates the C-based {Win32 API} into a much easier to use, {object-oriented} form. Like its direct rival, {Microsoft Foundation Class Library} (MFC), VCL includes classes to create Windows programs. The VCL component class can be inherited to create new VCL components, which are the building blocks of Delphi and C++Builder applications. VCL components are somewhat in competition with {ActiveX} controls, though a VCL wrapper can be created to make an ActiveX control seem like a VCL component. {Home (http://borland.com/bcppbuilder/productinfo/feaben/visual.html)}. (2001-07-09)
visual programming 1. Writing programs in a language which manipulates visual information or supports visual interaction. 2. Writing programs in a {visual programming language}. 3. Writing programs in a {visual programming environment}.
VTS A suite of test programs for Motif from {OSF}.
Wafe "programming" (From Widget Athena front end) A package by Gustaf Neumann "Gustaf.Neumann@uni-essen.de" implementing a symbolic interface to the {Athena} {widgets} and {OSF}/{Motif}. A typical Wafe {application} consists of two parts: a front-end (Wafe) and an application program which runs as a separate process. The distribution contains sample application programs in {Perl}, {GAWK}, {Prolog}, {TCL}, {C}, and {Ada} talking to the same Wafe binary. The current Wafe version is 1.0.15. It supports Athena as distributed with {X} releases 4-6 and Motif versions 1.1, 1.2, and 2.0 but new distribution are only tested against {X} releases 5 and 6, and Motif versions 1.2.4 and 2.0. {HOME (http://wu-wien.ac.at/wafe)}, {(ftp://ftp.wu-wien.ac.at/pub/src/X11/wafe/)}. Mailing list: listserv@wu-wien.ac.at ("subscribe Wafe "Your Name""). (1996-07-09)
Waveform Generation Language "testing" (WGL) A {data description language} for test program description. [Reference? What kind of test programs?] (2001-05-20)
web hosting "web, business" Running {web servers} for other businesses or individuals, usually as a commercial venture. Basic web hosting would allow customers to upload own {web site} content - {HTML} pages, {images}, {video} - typically via {FTP}, to a shared web server which other people can access via the {Internet}. A {web hosting (http://webhostingsearch.com/)} businesses may provide any or all of the functions required by a website including: networking, HTTP server software, content storage, {content management}, running customer or off-the-shelf {CGI} programs, {ASP} scripts or other server extentions, {load balancing}, {streaming content}, {domain name} registration, {DNS} serving, {electronic mail} storage and forwarding, {database}, {shell account}, content design and creation, {search engine optimisation}, {web log} analysis and web applications such as on-line shopping with financial transaction processing. (2011-12-24)
weblint "hypertext, tool" (After {lint}) A {syntax} checker and style checker for {HTML}. Weblint is a {Perl} script which does for HTML pages what the traditional {lint} picks does for {C} programs. Version: 1.020 (1997-12-07). {(http://cre.canon.co.uk/~neilb/weblint/)}. (1997-12-07)
WebObjects "operating system" {Apple Computer, Inc.}'s {application server} {framework} for developing dynamic {web applications}. WebObjects applications accept {HTTP} requests either directly (usually on a specific {port}) or via an adaptor that sits between them and the web server. Adaptors are either {CGI} programs or web server plug-ins ({NSAPI} or {ISAPI}). The server processes special tags in {HTML} pages to produce dynamic but standard HTML. Tools are provided to easily set and get object properties and invoke methods from these tags. Applications can maintain {state} over multiple {HTTP} request-response transactions (which are intrinsically stateless). Applications can also use Apple's {Enterprise Object Framework} {object relational mapping} libraries for {object persistence} and database access. WebObjects was originally based on {Objective C} and a simple scripting language but now is more likely to be used with {Java}. Versions are available for {OS X}, {Windows} and {Unix}. Apple acquired WebObjects from {NeXT}, along with {Steve Jobs}. {WebObjects Home (http://apple.com/webobjects/)}. (2005-01-14)
Web Request Broker "web" (WRB) Part of {Oracle Corporation}'s {WebServer} suite of programs. It is a high-performance, {multi-threaded} {HTTP} server which allows {clients}' requests to be directly translated into {Oracle 7} {database} scripts, and automatically translates the results of the query back into {HTML} for delivery to the client {browser}. {Oracle WebServer (http://oracle.com/products/websystem/webserver/html/ws2_info.html)}. (1997-03-14)
Web Services "standard, programming, software" A family of {standards} promoted by the {W3C} for working with other business, {developers} and {programs} through open {protocols}, {languages} and {APIs}, including {XML}, {Simple Object Access Protocol}, {WSDL} and {UDDI}. {W3C Web Services (http://w3.org/2002/ws)}. (2004-06-23)
well-known port "networking" A {TCP or {UDP} {port} with a number in the range 0-1023 (originally 0-255). The well-known port numbers are assigned by the {IANA} and on most systems can only be used by system (or root) processes or by programs executed by privileged users. (2002-10-06)
What You See Is All You Get "jargon" (WYSIAYG) /wiz'ee-ayg/ Describes a user interface under which "What You See Is *All* You Get"; an unhappy variant of {WYSIWYG}. Visual, "{point-and-drool interfaces}" are easy to learn but often lack depth; they often frustrate advanced users who would be better served by a command-style interface. When this happens, the frustrated user has a WYSIAYG problem. This term is most often used of editors, {word processors}, and document formatting programs. WYSIWYG "{desktop publishing}" programs, for example, are a clear win for creating small documents with lots of fonts and graphics in them, especially things like newsletters and presentation slides. When typesetting book-length manuscripts, on the other hand, scale changes the nature of the task; one quickly runs into WYSIAYG limitations, and the increased power and flexibility of a command-driven formatter like {TeX} or {Unix}'s {troff} becomes not just desirable but a necessity. Compare {YAFIYGI}. (1999-03-03)
Windows 2000 "operating system" (Win2k, W2k, NT5, Windows NT 5.0) An {operating system} developed by {Microsoft Corporation} for {PCs} and {servers}, as the successor to {Windows NT 4}.0. Early {beta} versions were referred to as "Windows NT 5.0". Windows 2000 was officially released on 2000-02-17. Windows 2000 is most commonly used on {Intel} {x86} and {Pentium} processors, with a {DEC Alpha} version rumoured. Unlike Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 is not available for {PowerPC} or {MIPS}. Windows 2000's {user interface} is very similar to {Windows 95} or Windows NT 4.0 with integrated {Internet Explorer}, or to {Windows 98}. It is available in four flavours: - Professional: the {client} version, meant for desktop {workstations}, successor to Windows NT Workstation. - Server: "entry-level" server, designed for small deployments, and departmental file, print, or {intranet} servers. - Advanced Server: high throughput, larger scale servers and applications, and small to medium scale {websites}. - Data Center Server: software for large-scale server {clusters} (in development as of 2000-03-14). New features in Windows 2000 include: - {Active Directory}. - Greatly improved built-in security mechanisms, including {Kerberos}-based {authentication}, {public key} support, an {encrypting} {file system}, and {IPsec} support. - Integrated {web browser} - {Internet Explorer} 5.0. - Integrated {web server} - {IIS} 5.0 - Terminal services for displaying application interfaces on remote computers (similar to {X-Windows}). - File protection that prevents user programs from accidentally deleting or overwriting critical system files. - Improved hardware support, including {Plug-and-Play}, {DVD}, {IEEE-1394} (FireWire), {USB}, {infra-red}, {PCMCIA}, {ACPI}, {laptop computers}. - Improved user interface, including a single point to control the entire system. - Improved management tools, including remote administration. Minimum system requirements, according to Microsoft, are {Pentium}-133 {MHz} {CPU}, 64 {MB} {RAM}, 650 {MB} of {hard disk} space. These are for W2K Professional, others require more. Many {operating systems} compete with Windows 2000, including the {Apple} {MacOS}, {Linux}, {FreeBSD}, {OpenBSD}, {NetBSD}, {Sun} {Solaris}, {IBM} {AIX}, {Hewlett-Packard} {HP-UX}, {SGI} {Irix}. Novell's NDS also provides a service similar to Active Directory. Windows 2000 will be followed by {Windows XP} Professional and {Windows 2002}. {(http://microsoft.com/windows2000/)}. (2002-01-28)
window system "operating system" {Software} which allows a {computer}'s {display} to be divided into rectangular areas which act like a separate input/output devices under the control of different {application} programs. This gives the user the ability to see the output of several processes at once and to choose which one will receive input by selecting its window, usually by pointing at it with a {mouse}. Examples are the {X Window System}, proprietary systems on the {Macintosh} and {NeXT}, {NeWS} on {Suns}, {RISC OS} on the {Archimedes} and {Microsoft Windows}. See also {WIMP}. (2015-03-07)
win "jargon" (Said of people, computers, {algorithms}, programs) (To be) a success at a given task. E.g. "{WYSIWYG} is a clear win for small documents". "winnitude" is the quality that something which wins has. "winning" is often (ab)used as an adjective. Synonyms: {cuspy}, {elegant}. Antonym: {lose}. Compare {lossy}, {lossless}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-09-08)
Wizard Book "publication" {Hal Abelson}, {Gerald Sussman} and Julie Sussman's "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs" (MIT Press, 1984; ISBN 0-262-01077-1), an excellent computer science text used in introductory courses at MIT. So called because of the wizard on the jacket. One of the {bibles} of the LISP/Scheme world. Also, less commonly, known as the {Purple Book}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-10)
word processor "text, tool" A program used to create and print (chiefly textual) documents that might otherwise be prepared on a typewriter. The key advantage of word processor is its ability to make changes easily, such as correcting spelling, changing margins, or adding, deleting, and relocating entire blocks of text. Once created, the document can be printed quickly and accurately and saved for later modifications. Today most popular word processors, such as {Microsoft Word}, offer a much greater range of facilities than the first such programs. Compare {text editor}. (1995-04-14)
XMODEM "communications" {Ward Christensen}'s file transfer {protocol}, probably the most widely available protocol used for file transfer over {serial lines} (e.g. between {modems}). XMODEM uses 128-byte {packets} with {error detection}, allowing the receiver to request retransmission of a corrupted packet. XModem is fairly slow but reliable. Several variations have been proposed with increasing packet sizes (e.g. {XMODEM-1K}) and different error detection ({CRC} instead of {checksum}) to take advantage of faster modems. Sending and receiving programs can negotiate to establish the best protocol they both support. John Mahr wrote the original XMODEM CRC error correction code. This implementation was backward compatible with Christensen's original checksum code. It improved the error detection from 98% to 99.97% and improved the reliability of transmitting {binary files}. Standard XMODEM specifies a one-second {timeout} during the reception of characters in the data block portion of a packet. Chuck Forsberg improved upon XMODEM by developing {YMODEM} and {ZMODEM}. [Chuck Forsberg, "XMODEM/YMODEM Protocol Reference"]. (2005-09-16)
XperCASE A structure diagram editor for developing, re-engineering, maintaining and documenting programs, developed by {Siemens} AG, Austria. It runs under {Microsoft Windows}. {(ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/computing/systems/ibmpc/simtel/windows3/xperspx1.zip)}. E-Mail: "100141.2120@compuserve.com". (1994-12-01)
XSB "logic programming" XSB extends the standard functionality of Prolog (being a descendant of PSB- and SB-Prolog) to include implementations of OLDT (tabling) and HiLog terms. OLDT resolution is extremely useful for recursive query computation, allowing programs to terminate correctly in many cases where Prolog does not. HiLog supports a type of higher-order programming in which predicate symbols can be variable or structured. This allows unification to be performed on the predicate symbols themselves in addition to the arguments of the predicates. Of course, Tabling and HiLog can be used together. Version 1.2 ports: Sun, Solaris, NeXT, Linux, 386 BSD, IRIX, HP-UX portability: Generally to 32-bit machines. interpreter, preprocessor(HiLog), documentation XSB research group / SUNY at Stony Brook {(ftp://sbcs.sunysb.edu/pub/XSB/XSB.tar.Z)}. (130.245.1.15) E-mail: "xsb-contact@cs.sunysb.edu". (1993-07-28)
x-scm "language" An accessory for the {scm} {Scheme} {interpreter}, by Larry Campbell, that provides an environment for building {Motif} and {OpenLook} {application programs}. There is some support as well for raw {Xlib} applications, but not enough yet to be useful. Posted to {alt.sources}. (1992-08-10)
X Window System "operating system, graphics" A specification for device-independent windowing operations on {bitmap display} devices, developed initially by {MIT}'s Project {Athena} and now a {de facto standard} supported by the {X Consortium}. X was named after an earlier window system called "W". It is a window system called "X", not a system called "X Windows". X uses a {client-server} protocol, the {X protocol}. The server is the computer or {X terminal} with the screen, keyboard, mouse and server program and the clients are {application programs}. Clients may run on the same computer as the server or on a different computer, communicating over {Ethernet} via {TCP/IP} protocols. This is confusing because {X clients} often run on what people usually think of as their server (e.g. a file server) but in X, it is the screen and keyboard etc. which is being "served out" to the applications. X is used on many {Unix} systems. It has also been described as over-sized, over-featured, over-engineered and incredibly over-complicated. X11R6 (version 11, release 6) was released in May 1994. {(http://x.org/)}. See also {Andrew project}, {PEX}, {VNC}, {XFree86}. {Usenet} newsgroups: {news:comp.windows.x}, {news:comp.x}, {news:comp.windows.x.apps}, {news:comp.windows.x.intrinsics}, {news:comp.windows.x.announce}, {news:comp.sources.x}, {news:comp.windows.x.motif}, {news:comp.windows.x.pex}. (1999-04-02)
Yale Haskell "language" A fully integrated {Haskell} programming environment. It provides tightly coupled interactive editing, {incremental compilation} and dynamic execution of Haskell programs. Two major modes of compilation, correspond to {Lisp}'s traditional "interpreted" and "compiled" modes. Compiled and interpreted modules may be freely mixed in any combination. Yale Haskell is run using either a command-line interface or as an {inferior process} running under the {Emacs} editor. Using the Emacs interface, simple two-keystroke commands evaluate expressions, run dialogues, compile {modules}, turn specific compiler diagnostics on and off and enable and disable various {optimisers}. Commands may be queued up arbitrarily, thus allowing, for example, a compilation to be running in the background as the editing of a source file continues in Emacs in the foreground. A "scratch pad" may be automatically created for any module. Such a pad is a logical extension of the module, in which additional function and value definitions may be added, but whose evaluation does not result in recompilation of the module. A tutorial on Haskell is also provided in the Emacs environment. A {Macintosh} version of Yale Haskell includes its own integrated programming environment, complete with an Emacs-like editor and {pull-down menus}. Yale Haskell is a complete implementation of the Haskell language, but also contains a number of extensions, including: (1) Instead of stream based I/O, a {monadic I/O} system is used. Although similar to what will be part of the new {Haskell 1.3} report, the I/O system will change yet again when 1.3 becomes official. (2) Haskell programs can call both {Lisp} and {C} functions using a flexible foreign function interface. (3) Yale Haskell includes a {dynamic typing} system. Dynamic typing has been used to implement {derived instances} in a user extensible manner. (4) A number of small Haskell 1.3 changes have been added, including {polymorphic recursion} and the use of @_@ in an expression to denote {bottom}. Although the 1.3 report is not yet complete, these changes will almost certainly be part of the new report. (5) A complete Haskell level {X Window System} interface, based on {CLX}. (6) A number of {annotations} are available for controlling the optimiser, including those for specifying both function and data constructor {strict}ness properties, "{inlining}" functions, and specialising {over-loaded} functions. Many standard {prelude} functions have been specialised for better performance using these annotations. (7) {Separate compilation} (including {mutually recursive} {modules}) is supported using a notion of a UNIT file, which is a kind of localised {makefile} that tells the compiler about compiler options and logical dependencies amongst program files. (8) Yale Haskell supports both standard and "{literate}" Haskell syntax. Performance of Yale Haskell's compiled code has been improved considerably over previous releases. Although still not as good as the Glasgow ({GHC}) and Chalmers ({HBC}) compilers, the flexibility afforded by the features described earlier makes Yale Haskell a good choice for large systems development. For some idea of performance, Hartel's latest "Nuc" benchmark runs at about the same speed under both Yale Haskell and hbc. (Our experiments suggest, however, that Yale Haskell's compiled code is on average about 3 times slower than hbc.) Binaries are provided for {Sun}/{SPARC} and {Macintosh}, but it is possible to build the system on virtually any system that runs one of a number of {Common Lisp} implementations: {CMU Common Lisp}, {Lucid Common Lisp}, {Allegro Common Lisp} or {Harlequin LispWorks}. {akcl}, {gcl} and {CLisp} do not have adaquate performance for our compiler. The current version is 2.1. {Yale (ftp://nebula.cs.yale.edu/pub/haskell/yale)}. (128.36.13.1). {UK (ftp://ftp.dcs.glasgow.ac.uk/pub/haskell/yale/)}. {Sweden (ftp://ftp.cs.chalmers.se/pub/haskell/yale/)}. E-mail: "haskell-request@cs.yale.edu", "haskell-request@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk". (1993-07-14)
Year 2000 "programming" (Y2K, or "millennium bug") A common name for all the difficulties the turn of the century, or dates in general, bring to computer users. Back in the 1970s and 1980s, the turn of the century looked so remote and memory/disk was so expensive that most programs stored only the last two digits of the year. These produce surprising results when dealing with dates after 1999. They may believe that 1 January 2000 is before 31 December 1999 (00"99), they may miscalculate the day of week, etc. Some programs used the year 99 as a special marker; there are rumours that some car insurance policies were cancelled because a year of 99 was used to mark deleted records. Complete testing of date-dependent code is virtually impossible, especially where the system under test relies on other systems such as customers' or suppliers' computers. Despite this, the predicted "millennium meltdown" never occurred. Various fixes and work-arounds were successfully applied, e.g. {time shifting}. And yes, the year 2000 was a leap year (multiples of 100 aren't leap years unless they're also multiples of 400). {PPR Corp Y2K FAQ (http://pprcorp.com/y2k/y2kfaq_j97.html)}. (2003-08-15)
Z-1013 "computer" A {Z80} {clone} home computer running at 1 MHz. The Z-1013 computer was introduced in 1986 in East Germany. The computer contained a {tape} for storing and loading {programs} and had an unusual {keyboard}. (2004-03-24)
Z3 "computer" The third computer designed and built by {Konrad Zuse} and the first {digital computer} to successfully run real programs. The computer was ready in 1941, five years before {ENIAC}. Zuse began his work on program-driven calculating machines in 1935. His two predessors of the Z3, the Z1 and Z2, were unsuccessful mechanical calculating machines. The Z3 was delivered to the Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt (German Experimental Department of Aeronautics) in Berlin and was used for deciphering coded messages. A 1960 reconstruction of the Z3 is in the Deutsche Museum in Munich. The Z3 used about 2600 relays of the kind used in telecommunications. Zuse wrote and implemented the language {Plankalkül} on the Z3. Programs were punched into cinefilm. Zuse built some more computers after World War II, including the Z3's successor, the Z4, which was set up at ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Of the potential rival claimants to the title of first programmable computer, {Babbage} (UK, c1840) planned but was not able to build a {decimal}, programmable machine. {Atanasoff}'s {ABC}, completed in 1942 was a special purpose calculator, like those of {Pascal} (1640) and {Leibniz} (1670). Eckert and Mauchly's {ENIAC} (US), as originally released in 1946, was programmable only by manual rewiring or, in 1948, with switches. None of these machines was freely programmable. Neither was {Turing} et al.'s {Colossus} (UK, 1943-45). {Aiken}'s {MARK I} (1944) was programmable but still decimal, without separation of storage and control. [Features? Where was it designed? Contemporaries?] {(http://cs.tu-berlin.de/~zuse)}. {(http://epemag.com/zuse)}. (2003-10-01)
zap "jargon" 1. To modify, usually to correct; especially used when the action is performed with a debugger or binary patching tool. Also implies surgical precision. "Zap the debug level to 6 and run it again." In the {IBM} {mainframe} world, binary patches are applied to programs or to the {operating system} with a program called "{superzap}", whose file name is "IMASPZAP" (possibly contrived from I M A SuPerZAP). See also {Zero and Add Packed}. 2. To {fry} a chip with static electricity. "Uh oh - I think that lightning strike may have zapped the disk controller." (1998-07-08)
Zilog Z8000 "processor" A {microprocessor} from {Zilog} introduced not long after the {Intel 8086}, but with superior features. It was basically a 16-bit processor, but could address up to 23 bits in some versions by using {segment registers} (to supply the upper 7 bits). There was also an unsegmented version, but both could be extended further with an additional {MMU} that used 64 {segment registers}. Internally, the Z8000 had sixteen 16-bit {registers}, but register size and use were exceedingly flexible. The Z-8000 registers could be used as sixteen 8-bit registers (only the first half were used like this), sixteen 16-bit registers, eight 32-bit registers, or four 64-bit registers, and included 32-bit multiply and divide. They were all general purpose registers - the {stack pointer} was typically register 15, with register 14 holding the stack segment (both accessed as one 32-bit register for painless address calculations). The Z8000 featured two modes, one for the {operating system} and one for user programs. The user mode prevented the user from messing about with {interrupt} handling and other potentially dangerous stuff. Finally, like the {Zilog Z80}, the Z8000 featured automatic {DRAM refresh} circuitry. Unfortunately it was somewhat slow, but the features generally made up for that. Initial {bugs} also hindered its acceptance (partly because it did not use {microcode}). There was a radiation resistant military version. There was a later 32-bit, {pipelined} version, the {Zilog Z80000}. (1997-12-16)
zoo "tool, file format" A data {compression} program and format by Rahul Dhesi. Zoo is reported to use the same {Lempel Ziv} algorithm as {LHA}. It is available for many {platforms} and {source} is available. .zoo archives are handled by many other PC archiving programs. Version 2.10 was released in 1989. Search the web for zoo210 to obtain an executable. {Description (http://sources.isc.org/archiver/zoo2.txt)}. (2000-07-05)
ZX-80 "computer" {Sinclair}'s cheap {personal computer} with built-in {BASIC}, launched at the end of January 1980 at a computer fair in Wembley, UK. The processor was an {NEC 780-C} running at 3.25 MHz. It had 1KB of {RAM}, externally expandable to 16KB, and 4KB of ROM. It had RF video output to a TV, displaying 24 lines by 32 characters of monochrome text. An audio cassette recorder was used to save programs. The ZX-80 was sold in kit form for £79.95 or ready-built for £99.95. It was used by many UK hobbyists as a means of learning the basics of computing. Some remember the 1KB ZX-80 for the claim in its advertising that you could control a nuclear power station with it. The ZX-80 was succeeded by the {ZX-81}. {(http://home.t-online.de/home/p.liebert/zx80_eng.htm)}. {Planet Sinclair (http://nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/)}. {The Sinclair Story (http://sincuser.f9.co.uk/046/sstory.htm)}. (2002-08-30)
ZyXEL A {modem} manufacturer. {(ftp://ftp.zyxel.com/pub/other/zyxel)}. E-mail: "tech@zyxel.com", "sales@zyxel.com". Telephone: +1 800-255-4101 (Sales), +1 714-693-0808 (tech), +1 714-693-0762 (BBS), +1 714-693-8811 (fax). Address: 4920 E. La Palma, Anaheim, CA 92807, USA. (1994-10-31){ {left brace}{$formKeywords} "web" The placeholder or {variable} showing where the user's {search terms} should go in an {Open Journal Systems} query. {Open Journal Systems Help (https://casit.illinoisstate.edu/obsidian/index.php/index/help/view/journal/topic/000028)} (2018-05-25){IDF} "networking" {Intermediate Distribution Frame}.{log} ["{log}: A Logic Programming Language with Finite Sets", A Dovier et al, Proc 8th Intl Conf Logic Prog, June 1991, pp.111-124].{searchTerms} "web" The placeholder or {variable} used in the "Url" element of an {OpenSearchDescription} {XML} file to show where the user's actual {search terms} should go. For example, this dictionary's {Open Search} description, {(/search.xml)} includes the following element: "Url type="text/html" template="http://foldoc.org/{searchTerms}" /" meaning that to search for, e.g., "foo", you should go to {(http://foldoc.org/foo)}. You may have reached this page because you were trying to use some system based on {Open Search} and failed to supply any search term to substitute into the URL. (2018-04-08)| {vertical bar}} {right brace}~ 1. "character" {tilde}. 2. "language" An {esoteric programming language} created in 2006 by Tim Pettit. Various {operators}, represented by single characters, {push}, {pop} or {peek} at {integer} values on the front or back of a {double-ended queue} or perform loops or {input/output}. {Esoteric programming languages wiki entry (http://esolangs.org/wiki/~)}. (2014-12-03)~
KEYS (10k)
4 Harold Abelson
1 William Gibson
1 Robert Anton Wilson
1 Peter J Carroll
1 Marijn Haverbeke
1 Joseph Weizenbaum
1 Donald Knuth
1 Carl Sagan
1 Alan Perlis
NEW FULL DB (2.4M)
49 Anonymous
20 Noam Chomsky
15 Thomas Sowell
15 Jane Mayer
14 Barack Obama
11 George W Bush
11 Edward Snowden
10 George Lakoff
10 Donald Knuth
9 Ronald Reagan
9 Mark R Levin
9 David Eagleman
7 Marco Rubio
7 David Platt
7 Bill Gates
7 Bessel A van der Kolk
7 Alan Perlis
6 Rush Limbaugh
6 Ron Paul
6 Paul Graham
1:The computer programmer is a creator of universes for which he alone is responsible. Universes of virtually unlimited complexity can be created in the form of computer programs.
~ Joseph Weizenbaum, Computer Power and Human Reason,#KEYS
2:What does matter is how well they perform and how smoothly they fit with other programs in the creation of still greater programs. The programmer must seek both perfection of part and adequacy of collection. ~ Alan Perlis, SICP, Foreward, #KEYS
3:Let us change our traditional attitude to the construction of programs. Instead of imagining that our main task is to instruct a computer what to do, let us concentrate rather on explaining to human beings what we want a computer to do. ~ Donald Knuth, #KEYS
4:To call up a demon you must learn its name. Men dreamed that, once, but now it is real in another way. You know that, Case. Your business is to learn the names of programs, the long formal names, names the owners seek to conceal. True names...
~ William Gibson, Neuromancer,#KEYS
5:Every reader should ask himself periodically 'Toward what end, toward what end?' -- but do not ask it too often lest you pass up the fun of programming for the constipation of bittersweet philosophy.
~ Harold Abelson, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs,#KEYS
6:Programming, it turns out, is hard. The fundamental rules are typically simple and cleaR But programs built on top of these rules tend to become complex enough to introduce their own rules and complexity. You're building your own maze, in a way, and you might just get lost in it.
~ Marijn Haverbeke,#KEYS
7:Pascal is for building pyramids -- imposing, breathtaking, static structures built by armies pushing heavy blocks into place. Lisp is for building organisms -- imposing, breathtaking, dynamic structures built by squads fitting fluctuating myriads of simpler organisms into place.
~ Harold Abelson, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs,#KEYS
8:When all is said and done, the invention of writing must be reckoned not only as a brilliant innovation but as a surpassing good for humanity. And assuming that we survive long enough to use their inventions wisely, I believe the same will be said of the modern Thoths and Prometheuses who are today devising computers and programs at the edge of machine intelligence. ~ Carl Sagan, #KEYS
9:Computational processes are abstract beings that inhabit computers. As they evolve, processes manipulate other abstract things called data. The evolution of a process is directed by a pattern of rules called a program. People create programs to direct processes. In effect, we conjure the spirits of the computer with our spells. ~ Harold Abelson, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, #KEYS
10:[Computer science] is not really about computers -- and it's not about computers in the same sense that physics is not really about particle accelerators, and biology is not about microscopes and Petri dishes...and geometry isn't really about using surveying instruments. Now the reason that we think computer science is about computers is pretty much the same reason that the Egyptians thought geometry was about surveying instruments: when some field is just getting started and you don't really understand it very well, it's very easy to confuse the essence of what you're doing with the tools that you use. ~ Harold Abelson, Introductory lecture to Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, #KEYS
11:INVOCATION
The ultimate invocation, that of Kia, cannot be performed. The paradox is that as Kia has no dualized qualities, there are no attributes by which to invoke it. To give it one quality is merely to deny it another. As an observant dualistic being once said:
I am that I am not.
Nevertheless, the magician may need to make some rearrangements or additions to what he is. Metamorphosis may be pursued by seeking that which one is not, and transcending both in mutual annihilation. Alternatively, the process of invocation may be seen as adding to the magician's psyche any elements which are missing. It is true that the mind must be finally surrendered as one enters fully into Chaos, but a complete and balanced psychocosm is more easily surrendered.
The magical process of shuffling beliefs and desires attendant upon the process of invocation also demonstrates that one's dominant obsessions or personality are quite arbitrary, and hence more easily banished.
There are many maps of the mind (psychocosms), most of which are inconsistent, contradictory, and based on highly fanciful theories. Many use the symbology of god forms, for all mythology embodies a psychology. A complete mythic pantheon resumes all of man's mental characteristics. Magicians will often use a pagan pantheon of gods as the basis for invoking some particular insight or ability, as these myths provide the most explicit and developed formulation of the particular idea's extant. However it is possible to use almost anything from the archetypes of the collective unconscious to the elemental qualities of alchemy.
If the magician taps a deep enough level of power, these forms may manifest with sufficient force to convince the mind of the objective existence of the god. Yet the aim of invocation is temporary possession by the god, communication from the god, and manifestation of the god's magical powers, rather than the formation of religious cults.
The actual method of invocation may be described as a total immersion in the qualities pertaining to the desired form. One invokes in every conceivable way. The magician first programs himself into identity with the god by arranging all his experiences to coincide with its nature. In the most elaborate form of ritual he may surround himself with the sounds, smells, colors, instruments, memories, numbers, symbols, music, and poetry suggestive of the god or quality. Secondly he unites his life force to the god image with which he has united his mind. This is accomplished with techniques from the gnosis. Figure 5 shows some examples of maps of the mind. Following are some suggestions for practical ritual invocation.
~ Peter J Carroll, Liber Null,#KEYS
12:For instance, a popular game with California occultists-I do not know its inventor-involves a Magic Room, much like the Pleasure Dome discussed earlier except that this Magic Room contains an Omniscient Computer.
To play this game, you simply "astrally project" into the Magic Room. Do not ask what "astral projection" means, and do not assume it is metaphysical (and therefore either impossible, if you are a materialist, or very difficult, if you are a mystic). Just assume this is a gedankenexperiment, a "mind game." Project yourself, in imagination, into this Magic Room and visualize vividly the Omniscient Computer, using the details you need to make such a super-information-processor real to your fantasy. You do not need any knowledge of programming to handle this astral computer. It exists early in the next century; you are getting to use it by a species of time-travel, if that metaphor is amusing and helpful to you. It is so built that it responds immediately to human brain-waves, "reading" them and decoding their meaning. (Crude prototypes of such computers already exist.) So, when you are in this magic room, you can ask this Computer anything, just by thinking of what you want to know. It will read your thought, and project into your brain, by a laser ray, the correct answer.
There is one slight problem. The computer is very sensitive to all brain-waves. If you have any doubts, it registers them as negative commands, meaning "Do not answer my question." So, the way to use it is to start simply, with "easy" questions. Ask it to dig out of the archives the name of your second-grade teacher. (Almost everybody remembers the name of their first grade teacher-imprint vulnerability again-but that of the second grade teacher tends to get lost.)
When the computer has dug out the name of your second grade teacher, try it on a harder question, but not one that is too hard. It is very easy to sabotage this machine, but you don't want to sabotage it during these experiments. You want to see how well it can be made to perform.
It is wise to ask only one question at a time, since it requires concentration to keep this magic computer real on the field of your perception. Do not exhaust your capacities for imagination and visualization on your first trial runs.
After a few trivial experiments of the second-grade-teacher variety, you can try more interesting programs. Take a person toward whom you have negative feelings, such as anger, disappointment, feeling-of-betrayal, jealousy or whatever interferes with the smooth, tranquil operation of your own bio-computer. Ask the Magic Computer to explain that other person to you; to translate you into their reality-tunnel long enough for you to understand how events seem to them. Especially, ask how you seem to them.
This computer will do that job for you; but be prepared for some shocks which might be disagreeable at first. This super-brain can also perform exegesis on ideas that seem obscure, paradoxical or enigmatic to us. For instance, early experiments with this computer can very profitably turn on asking it to explain some of the propositions in this book which may seem inexplicable or perversely wrong-headed to you, such as "We are all greater artists than we realize" or "What the Thinker thinks, the Prover proves" or "mind and its contents are functionally identical."
This computer is much more powerful and scientifically advanced than the rapture-machine in the neurosomatic circuit. It has total access to all the earlier, primitive circuits, and overrules any of them. That is, if you put a meta-programming instruction into this computer; it will relay it downward to the old circuits and cancel contradictory programs left over from the past. For instance, try feeding it on such meta-programming instructions as: 1. I am at cause over my body. 2. I am at cause over my imagination. 3.1 am at cause over my future. 4. My mind abounds with beauty and power. 5.1 like people, and people like me.
Remember that this computer is only a few decades ahead of present technology, so it cannot "understand" your commands if you harbor any doubts about them. Doubts tell it not to perform. Work always from what you can believe in, extending the area of belief only as results encourage you to try for more dramatic transformations of your past reality-tunnels.
This represents cybernetic consciousness; the programmer becoming self-programmer, self-metaprogrammer, meta-metaprogrammer, etc. Just as the emotional compulsions of the second circuit seem primitive, mechanical and, ultimately, silly to the neurosomatic consciousness, so, too, the reality maps of the third circuit become comic, relativistic, game-like to the metaprogrammer. "Whatever you say it is, it isn't, " Korzybski, the semanticist, repeated endlessly in his seminars, trying to make clear that third-circuit semantic maps are not the territories they represent; that we can always make maps of our maps, revisions of our revisions, meta-selves of our selves. "Neti, neti" (not that, not that), Hindu teachers traditionally say when asked what "God" is or what "Reality" is. Yogis, mathematicians and musicians seem more inclined to develop meta-programming consciousness than most of humanity. Korzybski even claimed that the use of mathematical scripts is an aid to developing this circuit, for as soon as you think of your mind as mind 1 , and the mind which contemplates that mind as mind2 and the mind which contemplates mind2 contemplating mind 1 as mind3, you are well on your way to meta-programming awareness. Alice in Wonderland is a masterful guide to the metaprogramming circuit (written by one of the founders of mathematical logic) and Aleister Crowley soberly urged its study upon all students of yoga. ~ Robert Anton Wilson, Prometheus Rising,#KEYS
*** WISDOM TROVE ***
1:Local conservation programs can help our communities shape thoughtful growth. ~ will-rogers, @wisdomtrove 2:Free enterprise has done more to reduce poverty than all the government programs dreamed up by Democrats. ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 3:Medicare will usher in federal programs that will invade every area of freedom as we have know it in this country. ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 4:Today a newcomer to the state is automatically eligible for our many aid programs the moment he crosses the border. ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 5:Our ancestors lived out of doors. They were as familiar with the night sky as most of us are with our favorite television programs. ~ carl-sagan, @wisdomtrove 6:The mind is like a computer. It runs programs. Most of the software has been poorly written. It is written in the language of fear. ~ frederick-lenz, @wisdomtrove 7:It is the tendency of Government to grow, for practices and programs to become the nearest thing to eternal life we'll see on this earth. ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 8:Look at government programs for the past fifty years. Every single one - except warfare - achieved the exact opposite of its announced goal. ~ peter-drucker, @wisdomtrove 9:The widespread availability of information is the only basis for effective day-to-day problem solving, which abets continuous improvement programs. ~ tom-peters, @wisdomtrove 10:The economic welfare of all our people must ultimately stem not from government programs, but from the wealth created by a vigorous private sector. ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 11:A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual doom. ~ martin-luther-king, @wisdomtrove 12:One thing I hate about school committees today is that they cut arts programs out of the curriculum because they say the arts aren't a way to make a living. ~ kurt-vonnegut, @wisdomtrove 13:In some Churches today and on some religious television programs, we see the attempt to make Christianity popular and pleasant. We have taken the cross away and substituted cushions. ~ billy-graham, @wisdomtrove 14:I have a problem with the strip that runs along the bottom of the news programs. Don't these idiots who run the news programs know we don't want to read? That's why we're watching TV. ~ jerry-seinfeld, @wisdomtrove 15:The programs constantly repeat themselves and one another. No one has yet had the nerve to say, & 16:Should any political party attempt to abolish social security, unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor laws and farm programs, you would not hear of that party again in our political history. ~ dwight-eisenhower, @wisdomtrove 17:No government ever voluntarily reduces itself in size. Government programs, once launched, never disappear. Actually, a government bureau is the nearest thing to eternal life we'll ever see on this earth! ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 18:Countries with high levels of atheism are . . . the most charitable both in terms of the percentage of their wealth they devote to social welfare programs and the percentage they give in aid to the developing world. ~ sam-harris, @wisdomtrove 19:There is a report that says that kids who watch violent TV programs tend to be more violent when they grow up. But did the TV cause the violence, or do violent children preferentially enjoy watching violent programs? ~ carl-sagan, @wisdomtrove 20:One of the principles we teach in our programs is "If you shoot for the stars, you'll at least hit the moon." Poor people don't even shoot for the ceiling in their house, and then they wonder why they're not successful. ~ t-harv-eker, @wisdomtrove 21:Processions, meetings, military parades, lectures, waxwork displays, film shows, telescreen programs all had to be organized; stands had to be erected, effigies built, slogans coined, songs written, rumours circulated, photographs faked. ~ george-orwell, @wisdomtrove 22:Make use of radio, TV and films discriminatively; only for programs that will enhance our knowledge and culture. Television is tele-visham (tele-poison, in Malayalam). If we are not careful, it can corrupt our culture, damage our eyes and drain away our time. ~ mata-amritanandamayi, @wisdomtrove 23:We are in an age of religious complexity. The simplicity which is in Christ is rarely found among us. In its stead are programs, methods, organizations, and a world of nervous activities which occupy time and attention but can never satisfy the longing of the heart. ~ aiden-wilson-tozer, @wisdomtrove 24:People are tired of wasteful government programs and welfare chiselers, and they are angry about the constant spiral of taxes and government regulations, arrogant bureaucrats, and public officials who think all of mankind's problems can be solved by throwing the taxpayers dollars at them. ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 25:Peace cannot be built on exclusivism, absolutism, and intolerance. But neither can it be built on vague liberal slogans and pious programs gestated in the smoke of confabulation. There can be no peace on earth without the kind of inner change that brings man back to his "right mind." p. 31 ~ thomas-merton, @wisdomtrove 26:I think there are some things ... that may even be distorted in the practice, such as some affirmative action programs becoming quota systems. And I'm old enough to remember when quotas existed in the United States for the purpose of discrimination, and I don't want to see that happen again. ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 27:Our enemies may be irrational, even outright insane, driven by nationalism, religion, ethnicity or ideology. They do not fear the United States for its diplomatic skills or the number of automobiles and software programs it produces. They respect only the firepower of our tanks, planes and helicopter gunships. ~ ronald-reagan, @wisdomtrove 28:Clearing distractions is simple: turn everything off and get it out of sight so you have the space to focus on what’s important. That means closing your browser and email program and all programs other than what you need to work on the important task before you. It means turning off notifications and clearing your desk of all non- essential items. ~ leo-babauta, @wisdomtrove 29:We've spent half the expenditures, we've wrecked our budget on all these other domestic programs, and the only justification for it, in my opinion, to do it in the pell-mell fashion is because we hope to beat them and demonstrate that starting behind them, as we did by a couple of years, by God, we passed them. I think it would be a helluva thing for us. ~ john-f-kennedy, @wisdomtrove 30:Your mental diet largely determines your character and your personality and almost everything that happens to you in life. When you feed your mind with positive affirmations, information, books, conversations, audio programs, and thoughts, you develop a more positive attitude and personality. You become more influential and persuasive. You enjoy greater confidence and self-esteem. ~ brian-tracy, @wisdomtrove 31:The value of market esoterica to the consumer of investment advice is a different story. In my opinion, investment success will not be produced by arcane formulae, computer programs or signals flashed by the price behavior of stocks and markets. Rather an investor will succeed by coupling good business judgment with an ability to insulate his thoughts and behavior from the super-contagious emotions that swirl about the marketplace. ~ warren-buffet, @wisdomtrove 32:Should any political party attempt to abolish social security unemployment insurance and eliminate labor laws and farm programs you would not hear of that party again in our political history. There is a tiny splinter group of course that believes you can do these things. Among them are a few other Texas oil millionaires and an occasional politician or business man from other areas. Their number is negligible and they are stupid. ~ dwight-eisenhower, @wisdomtrove 33:Scientists constantly get clobbered with the idea that we spent 27 billion dollars on the Apollo programs, and are asked "What more do you want?" We didn't spend it; it was done for political reasons. ... Apollo was a response to the Bay of Pigs fiasco and to the successful orbital flight of Yuri Gagarin. President Kennedy's objective was not to find out the origin of the moon by the end of the decade; rather it was to put a man on the moon and bring him back, and we did that. ~ carl-sagan, @wisdomtrove 34:An institution which is financed by a budget - or which enjoys a monopoly which the customer cannot escape - is rewarded for what it deserves rather than what it earns. It is paid for & 35:A time comes when silence is betrayal. That time has come for us in relation to Vietnam. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift, is approaching spiritual death.I knew that America would never invest the necessary funds or energies in rehabilitation of its poor so long as adventures like Vietnam continued to draw men and skills and money like some demonic destructive suction tube. So I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor. ~ martin-luther-king, @wisdomtrove *** NEWFULLDB 2.4M ***
1:Most programs are I/O bound ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
2:So many programs you watch on the sofa, ~ One Be Lo, #NFDB
3:I write my programs primarily for myself. ~ Bill Budge, #NFDB
4:I want to make the programs very strong. ~ Donald Trump, #NFDB
5:The Asian airlines have the best wine programs. ~ Alain Ducasse, #NFDB
6:Principles without programs are platitudes. ~ George Bernard Shaw, #NFDB
7:Early admission programs tend to advantage the advantaged. ~ Derek Bok, #NFDB
8:I'd like to work on putting art programs back in schools. ~ Chaka Khan, #NFDB
9:We produce programs that honor God and impact our world. ~ Willie Aames, #NFDB
10:Portability is for people who cannot write new programs. ~ Linus Torvalds, #NFDB
11:The war on poverty programs help address the pain of poverty. ~ Marco Rubio, #NFDB
12:Dreams were invented by Angels to test out their beta programs. ~ Simon Rich, #NFDB
13:Im a big fan of martial arts films, novels and radio programs. ~ Wong Kar wai, #NFDB
14:Once created, federal programs are nearly impossible to eliminate. ~ Ron Paul, #NFDB
15:I wrote a lot. I was in programs for drawing when I was a kid. ~ Boyd Holbrook, #NFDB
16:SCCS, the source motel! Programs check in and never check out! ~ Ken Thompson, #NFDB
17:We need balanced programs, balanced priorities on the fiscal side ~ Jason Furman, #NFDB
18:To them, social programs amount to coddling people—spoiling them. ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
19:Computer programs are the most complex things that humans make. ~ Douglas Crockford, #NFDB
20:However, workplace wellness programs are not treatments for mental illness. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
21:We write programs not because we understand the syntax but to solve a problem ~ Various, #NFDB
22:For example, many colleges in their writing programs teach some of my work. ~ Gay Talese, #NFDB
23:There are two ways to write error-free programs; only the third one works. ~ Alan Perlis, #NFDB
24:I don't welcome leaks. There's a reason why these programs are classified. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
25:I'm not asking for more entitlement programs; I'm asking for more enterprise. ~ Van Jones, #NFDB
26:the public was tired of divisive politics, tired of radical social programs. ~ John Jakes, #NFDB
27:You villains and your creepy eugenics programs are starting to bore me. ~ Cassandra Clare, #NFDB
28:All real programs contain errors until proved otherwise which is impossible. ~ Paul Dickson, #NFDB
29:government-controlled programs continue to grow until they destroy themselves. ~ Ben Carson, #NFDB
30:When computers are sold like toasters, programs will be sold like toothpaste. ~ Steven Levy, #NFDB
31:Other than my foundation - mentoring programs - everything I do is for money. ~ Steve Harvey, #NFDB
32:I would like to see additional funding for entrepreneurial development programs. ~ Steve Chabot, #NFDB
33:The only way to learn a new programming language is by writing programs in it. ~ Dennis Ritchie, #NFDB
34:Twelve-step programs say “One Day at a Time.” The professional says the same thing. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
35:Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface. ~ Douglas McIlroy, #NFDB
36:Organizations should try to find out if their learning programs actually work. ~ Warren G Bennis, #NFDB
37:I am an avid supporter of PETA and all animals as well as animal rights programs. ~ Corey Feldman, #NFDB
38:I don't like a lot of social programs either because it makes you non-productive. ~ Charles Evers, #NFDB
39:Mathematics is much less formally complete and precise than computer programs. ~ William Thurston, #NFDB
40:MFA programs are to the world of art what gentrification is to your neighborhood. ~ Sarah Schulman, #NFDB
41:Programs like WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) subsidize the exclusion of dads. ~ Warren Farrell, #NFDB
42:Funding and maintaining programs from Head Start to Pell Grants must be a high priority. ~ Ed Pastor, #NFDB
43:Interleaf is very nice. I expect there to be a lot of competition for programs like that. ~ Bill Joy, #NFDB
44:I'm training myself to go back to the way I used to record before electronic programs. ~ Chaz Bundick, #NFDB
45:Programs are meant to be read by humans and only incidentally for computers to execute. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
46:The only time you can have maximum economic progress is when social programs don't exist. ~ James Cook, #NFDB
47:default. • Binary files represent content as a special bytes string type and allow programs ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
48:feelings are programs; that is, they are learned responses that often have a purpose. ~ David R Hawkins, #NFDB
49:A programming language is low level when its programs require attention to the irrelevant. ~ Alan Perlis, #NFDB
50:Comedies are often half-hour programs and then drama and action series are often an hour. ~ Lucy Lawless, #NFDB
51:Computers are famous for being able to do complicated things starting from simple programs. ~ Seth Lloyd, #NFDB
52:Lt. Dan Band and the annual Snowball Express, the Gary Sinise Foundation has ten programs, ~ Gary Sinise, #NFDB
53:I always did workshops. I would be at theater camp, doing shows, or after-school programs. ~ Ansel Elgort, #NFDB
54:I wanted to separate data from programs, because data and instructions are very different. ~ Ken Thompson, #NFDB
55:Programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute. ~ Hal Abelson, #NFDB
56:Programs should be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
57:games and animated programs designed to educate adolescents on issues regarding safe sex. This ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
58:I'm against abstinence programs because I really consider "abstinence only" child abuse. ~ Joycelyn Elders, #NFDB
59:A couple of years I taught in graduate programs at NYU and Columbia, in the early eighties. ~ Russell Banks, #NFDB
60:Programs are meant to be read by humans and only incidentally for computers to execute. ~ Donald Ervin Knuth, #NFDB
61:Programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute. ~ Harold Abelson, #NFDB
62:Remember, it’s not your programs or methods as a church that are sacred; it’s your mission. ~ Carey Nieuwhof, #NFDB
63:The best thing about writing programs is that it rationalized the apprenticeship of a writer. ~ Russell Banks, #NFDB
64:I'd been on all the television programs as an actor, as a writer, as a director, as a producer. ~ James Lipton, #NFDB
65:learn to program by looking at good programs — not just at what they do, but at the source code. ~ Paul Graham, #NFDB
66:I will tell you this: I will not raise taxes on the middle-class to pay for these programs. ~ William J Clinton, #NFDB
67:Master programmers think of systems as stories to be told rather than programs to be written. ~ Robert C Martin, #NFDB
68:Often in writing programs, articulation and clarity are more important than what you actually say. ~ Etgar Keret, #NFDB
69:Some very poor countries run great vaccination systems, and some richer ones run terrible programs. ~ Bill Gates, #NFDB
70:We should fund the armies of compassion, we should not discriminate against faith-based programs. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
71:I am much more powerful today than the old programs and mind viruses that I absorbed in my childhood. ~ Wayne Dyer, #NFDB
72:We need to reform our school lunch programs. We need to get healthy items into the vending machines. ~ Joan Lunden, #NFDB
73:Companies that support sports developmental programs in our communities should also be applauded. ~ Mary Lou Retton, #NFDB
74:for. We have feminist centers and feminist programs because we do not have feminist universities: that ~ Sara Ahmed, #NFDB
75:To label family planning and legal abortion programs "genocide" is male rhetoric, for male ears. ~ Shirley Chisholm, #NFDB
76:When you take a forklift and shovel off the programs, underneath it all is a child reading a book. ~ Donalyn Miller, #NFDB
77:Adapting old programs to fit new machines usually means adapting new machines to behave like old ones. ~ Alan Perlis, #NFDB
78:Shelter Network's programs and services are a rainbow in the clouds for homeless children and adults. ~ Maya Angelou, #NFDB
79:The only things that are immortal in this world are government programs and cancer cells in petri dishes. ~ Jim Babka, #NFDB
80:VT programs had changed a lot in the eight years that Pal Sexton had been lost in another dimension. ~ Jeffrey Thomas, #NFDB
81:Empowerment programs appeared to be a reaction to the fact that we had actively disempowered people. ~ L David Marquet, #NFDB
82:If it weren't for radio programs like 'The George Jarkesy Show,' no one would know about 'The Amateur'. ~ Edward Klein, #NFDB
83:School programs the schooled to type a CV. Life inspires the unschooled to type a business plan. ~ Mokokoma Mokhonoana, #NFDB
84:Schools, the first thing they cut is music programs. They don't realize how important music is to kids. ~ Steven Tyler, #NFDB
85:Some of the free lunch programs were still goin' on - based on the last leg of the Black Panther Party. ~ Kool Moe Dee, #NFDB
86:When it comes to federal programs, even if states are discriminating, the federal government should not. ~ Evan Wolfson, #NFDB
87:Free enterprise has done more to reduce poverty than all the government programs dreamed up by Democrats. ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
88:ROTC programs at Ivy League campuses would liberalize the military. That can only be good for this country. ~ Evan Wright, #NFDB
89:she’d discovered three with their programs intact; one of them, to her delight, had been a flight simulator. ~ Greg Rucka, #NFDB
90:You can not be a conservative if you're going to keep promoting new programs that you're not going to pay for. ~ Rand Paul, #NFDB
91:Flowgorithm is a graphical authoring tool which allows students to write and execute programs using flowcharts. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
92:One of the great mistakes is to judge policies and programs by their intentions rather than their results. ~ Milton Friedman, #NFDB
93:Some programs have been theatrical masterpieces, but all we're seeing is the negative side of nuclear war. ~ Barry Goldwater, #NFDB
94:I don't see how we can allow public dollars to fund programs where spite and hate is the core of the message. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
95:There is a rich & vibrant oral tradition about how to write fast programs, and almost all of it is horseshit. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
96:It was like listening to two badly written computer programs trying to convince each other that they were sentient. ~ Greg Egan, #NFDB
97:Modern programs must handle Unicode —Python has excellent support for Unicode, and will keep getting better. ~ Guido van Rossum, #NFDB
98:When we design our national R&D programs, we ought to ensure a place for the small, the new, and the cutting-edge. ~ Jay Inslee, #NFDB
99:Clearly, children's charities struggle to find private sources of money to sustain their benevolent programs. ~ Dana Rohrabacher, #NFDB
100:There are no mistakes, there are only correctable errors. There are no errors, there are only alternate programs. ~ John C Lilly, #NFDB
101:We need to continue investing in the programs that put Americans back to work in communities like Clark County. ~ Maria Cantwell, #NFDB
102:Education inspires the educated to think for themselves. Schooled programs the schooled to work for others. ~ Mokokoma Mokhonoana, #NFDB
103:Successful programs consist of people working hard, working together, while never worrying about who gets the credit. ~ Don Meyer, #NFDB
104:The preferred world can be seen any evening on television in the succession of programs where the good always wins ~ Saul Alinsky, #NFDB
105:The very good thing about MFA programs is their democratizing. They bring a lot of different people to the table. ~ Edward Hirsch, #NFDB
106:Government can't completely take care of people by making a bunch of promises and programs. Organize your communities ~ Neil Young, #NFDB
107:I'm a little bit too obsessed with the news. I find the news easier to follow than narrative entertainment programs. ~ Jon Stewart, #NFDB
108:I've never regretted not making Linux shareware: I really don't like the "pay for use" binary shareware programs. ~ Linus Torvalds, #NFDB
109:Medicare will usher in federal programs that will invade every area of freedom as we have know it in this country. ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
110:If the world is saved, it will not be saved by old minds with new programs but by new minds with no programs at all. ~ Daniel Quinn, #NFDB
111:I realized that a large part of my life from then on was going to be spent in finding mistakes in my own programs. ~ Maurice Wilkes, #NFDB
112:is not the language that makes programs appear simple. It is the programmer that make the language appear simple! ~ Robert C Martin, #NFDB
113:Lower taxes, less government spending on domestic programs and fewer regulations mean a better economy for everybody. ~ Larry Elder, #NFDB
114:Today a newcomer to the state is automatically eligible for our many aid programs the moment he crosses the border. ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
115:Much to the surprise of the builders of the first digital computers, programs written for them usually did not work. ~ Rodney Brooks, #NFDB
116:Politicians will not put forth programs aimed at the problems of poor blacks while their turnout remains so low. ~ Henry Louis Gates, #NFDB
117:Today, you can buy chess programs for $49 that will beat all but world champions, yet no one thinks they’re intelligent. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
118:Employee participation programs and employee ownership are important efforts to deal with powerlessness at work. ~ Daniel Yankelovich, #NFDB
119:Genre/forms are institutional questions mainly. Like matter to MFA programs in terms of which workshop you can teach. ~ Juliana Spahr, #NFDB
120:I have never seen an experienced programmer who routinely made detailed flow charts before beginning to write programs. ~ Fred Brooks, #NFDB
121:In spite of food fads, fitness programs, and health concerns, we must never lose sight of a beautifully conceived meal. ~ Julia Child, #NFDB
122:The Holy Spirit knows what a particular age's most pressing need is far better than men with their programs. ~ Hans Urs von Balthasar, #NFDB
123:It is not the language that makes programs appear simple. It is the programmer that make the language appear simple! ~ Robert C Martin, #NFDB
124:Crash programs fail because they are based on theory that, with nine women pregnant, you can get a baby in a month. ~ Wernher von Braun, #NFDB
125:Programmers tend to be divided into tribes by the languages they use. More even than by the kinds of programs they write. ~ Paul Graham, #NFDB
126:We can't keep measuring success by how much money are we throw at programs. We have to measure success as, 'Is it working?' ~ Paul Ryan, #NFDB
127:Somewhat paradoxically, parenting programs should focus on the behavior of the parents not the behavior of the children. ~ Timothy Carey, #NFDB
128:We didn’t admit it at the time, but practically the Whole New Deal was extrapolated from programs that Hoover started. ~ Rexford Tugwell, #NFDB
129:Michael Jordan and Magic and myself, all learned how to play the game in college programs that emphasized the team. ~ Kareem Abdul Jabbar, #NFDB
130:8: A programming language is low level when its programs require attention to the irrelevant. ~ Alan Perlis, Epigrams on Programming, 1982, #NFDB
131:I don't like being on television when I'm playing live. I don't even like being on Jools Holland or any of them programs. ~ Noel Gallagher, #NFDB
132:It's a shame that people are resisting vetting programs that would actually just keep out those who want to do us harm. ~ Kellyanne Conway, #NFDB
133:It used to be the program's purpose to instruct our computers; it became the computer's purpose to execute our programs. ~ Edsger Dijkstra, #NFDB
134:Ultimately, my proposal isn't intended to increase or decrease the amount of federal spending spent on antipoverty programs. ~ Marco Rubio, #NFDB
135:Yandex originated from a company called Arkadia, which created two search programs under the DOS operating system in 1990. ~ Arkady Volozh, #NFDB
136:As mayor of Burlington, I helped establish two sister-city programs. One was with the town of Puerto Cabezas in Nicaragua. ~ Bernie Sanders, #NFDB
137:I still want to put together bigger and better programs to work with the community. I still think I could do better on that end. ~ Ice Cube, #NFDB
138:The reason 12-step programs can be so helpful is that, very often, empaths become addicted to their vampire partners. ~ Christiane Northrup, #NFDB
139:Due to budget crunches, Bush has had to scale some of the programs. He has a new program, 'Leave A Couple of Kids Behind.' ~ David Letterman, #NFDB
140:OMG! Is this true? [Marcus Bachmann] has a Christian clinic where he de-programs gay boys & girls! I'm gonna strangle him with my Boa! ~ Cher, #NFDB
141:Process improvement programs are like teaching people how to fish. Strategy maps and scorecards teach people where to fish. ~ Robert S Kaplan, #NFDB
142:This old operating system is really only useful when you're trying to run old programs exactly the way they ran back in the '90s. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
143:At school there were some programs in music. I did take piano lessons, and we had a piano at home. I got very interested in that. ~ Paul Smith, #NFDB
144:I immediately noticed there were far more male characters than female characters in the programs, even now, in the 21st century. ~ Geena Davis, #NFDB
145:Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Those programs which cannot so expand are replaced by ones which can. ~ Jamie Zawinski, #NFDB
146:Make each program do one thing well. To do a new job, build afresh rather than complicate old programs by adding new features. ~ Eric S Raymond, #NFDB
147:We must have moral education in the schools, anti-bullying programs, but this does not mean programs to feminize boys. ~ Christina Hoff Sommers, #NFDB
148:Excellence is being thwarted not only by laziness but by reckless attachment to causes, programs, and - in some cases, leaders. ~ Michael Horton, #NFDB
149:Object-oriented programming offers a sustainable way to write spaghetti code. It lets you accrete programs as a series of patches. ~ Paul Graham, #NFDB
150:Our ancestors lived out of doors. They were as familiar with the night sky as most of us are with our favorite television programs. ~ Carl Sagan, #NFDB
151:Progress is possible only if we train ourselves to think about programs without thinking of them as pieces of executable code. ~ Edsger Dijkstra, #NFDB
152:There is a tendency of the American people to give those who are elected an opportunity to carry out their policies and programs. ~ John Dingell, #NFDB
153:I am impressed with the natural health programs at Nature Care College. Their dedication to quality education is truly inspiring. ~ Deepak Chopra, #NFDB
154:In 2010, 70 percent of federal tax revenue was consumed by three entitlement programs (Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security) ~ Philip K Howard, #NFDB
155:The House looks like more fun. It's like the Donahue show. The Senate is like one of those Sunday morning public service programs. ~ Phil Donahue, #NFDB
156:The key to autonomy, she realized, was more than root access on the programs that shaped her desires. It was a sense of privacy. ~ Annalee Newitz, #NFDB
157:There is a flip side to this. In the Unix world, libraries which are delivered as libraries should come with exerciser programs. ~ Eric S Raymond, #NFDB
158:The world will not be saved by old minds with new programs. If the world is saved, it will be saved by new minds—with no programs. ~ Daniel Quinn, #NFDB
159:I think we do need better training programs, we do need a way to get people from careers that are dead-end into new careers. ~ Douglas Holtz Eakin, #NFDB
160:Progress is possible only if we train ourselves to think about programs without thinking of them as pieces of executable code. ~ Edsger W Dijkstra, #NFDB
161:The national policy of promoting abstinence-only programs is a $1.5 billion failure and teenage girls are paying the real price. ~ Cecile Richards, #NFDB
162:The mind is like a computer. It runs programs. Most of the software has been poorly written. It is written in the language of fear. ~ Frederick Lenz, #NFDB
163:There is a hunger in this digital age to hear authors together, to participate in programs, to just be in a place, a community space. ~ Carla Hayden, #NFDB
164:Communism and socialism, programs for intellectual control over society ... fascism, a program for the social control of intellect. ~ Robert M Pirsig, #NFDB
165:The illusion of self-awareness. Happy automatons, running on trivial programs. I'll bet you never guess. From the inside, how can you? ~ Vernor Vinge, #NFDB
166:Unfortunately, the current generation of mail programs do not have checkers to see if the sender knows what he is talking about. ~ Andrew S Tanenbaum, #NFDB
167:Chess programs are our enemies, they destroy the romance of chess. They take away the beauty of the game. Everything can be calculated. ~ Levon Aronian, #NFDB
168:Haitians do not need development programs imposed on them by expatriates. Instead, they need help in developing as self-assured persons. ~ Tony Campolo, #NFDB
169:The phenomenon of university creative writing programs doesn't exist in France. The whole idea is regarded as a novelty, or an oddity. ~ Marilyn Hacker, #NFDB
170:I don't believe consciousness is generated in the brain any more than television programs are made inside my TV. The box is too small. ~ Terence McKenna, #NFDB
171:Today, chess programs have become so good that even grandmasters sometimes struggle to understand the logic behind some of their moves. ~ Kenneth Rogoff, #NFDB
172:We have more than enough programs, organisations, parties, and strategies in the world for the alleviation of suffering and injustice. ~ Sulak Sivaraksa, #NFDB
173:At home, the radio was a big source and the classic radio programs we would listen to like Amos and Andy and whatever other ones there were. ~ Paul Smith, #NFDB
174:Democrats talk about programs like Social Security or Medicare, but it's not clear to most voters what Democrats' core moral values are. ~ Jonathan Haidt, #NFDB
175:doing the perfect kettlebell swing alone is superior to 99 percent of the sophisticated strength and conditioning programs out there. ~ Pavel Tsatsouline, #NFDB
176:It is the tendency of Government to grow, for practices and programs to become the nearest thing to eternal life we'll see on this earth. ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
177:The best reason to diminish social programs is not to put more money in people's pockets but to put more responsibility in people's pockets. ~ Mark Steyn, #NFDB
178:Public housing is more than just a place to live, public housing programs should provide opportunities to residents and their families. ~ Carolyn McCarthy, #NFDB
179:Taking money from job creating entrepreneurs and giving it to ever-failing government programs has to be the ultimate in economic illiteracy. ~ James Cook, #NFDB
180:Took to typing as quickly and loudly as possible and yelling, “I’m in!” when accessing basic programs. Made me feel like a hacker. ~ Jeremy Robert Johnson, #NFDB
181:It's like tabloid news programs that talk about how horrible something is, while at the same time they're glorifying it as their top story. ~ Scott Putesky, #NFDB
182:Programs that pay farmers not to farm often devastate rural areas. The reductions hurt everyone from fertilizer companies to tractor salesmen. ~ Dick Armey, #NFDB
183:There are easily accessible programs to help aging drivers maintain their skills, or recognize when they need to give up their cars. ~ Robert James Thomson, #NFDB
184:Good architecture is necessary to give programs enough structure to be able to grow large without collapsing into a puddle of confusion. ~ Douglas Crockford, #NFDB
185:In my teens, I worked as an aide in my community supervising and mentoring youth in various programs and delivering lunches to needy students. ~ Hilda Solis, #NFDB
186:Look at government programs for the past fifty years. Every single one - except warfare - achieved the exact opposite of its announced goal. ~ Peter Drucker, #NFDB
187:That’s such an incredibly organic bias, the idea that your squishy physical existence is some sort of pinnacle that all programs aspire to. ~ Becky Chambers, #NFDB
188:The Federal role in overcoming barriers to needed health care should emphasize health care financing programs-such as Medicare and Medicaid. ~ Gerald R Ford, #NFDB
189:the most advanced computer science programs in the world, and over the course of the Computer Center’s life, thousands of students passed ~ Malcolm Gladwell, #NFDB
190:The world has been shouting over the noise of our programs that it doesn't need more presidents or organizations, what it needs are more friends. ~ Bob Goff, #NFDB
191:We need to invest in job training programs, especially those that include child care, transit stipends and paid apprenticeships and internships. ~ Van Jones, #NFDB
192:Churches don’t need programs so much as they need cultures of discipling, cultures where each member prioritizes the spiritual health of others. ~ Mark Dever, #NFDB
193:If I could offer only one tool to help you attract more of what you want, it would be what is commonly called NAPS (Night Audio Programs). ~ Stephen Richards, #NFDB
194:President Bush has proven he'll take a stand and fight for his programs and initiatives. It's the kind of leadership that makes things happen. ~ Chuck Grassley, #NFDB
195:We toast the Lisp programmer who pens his thoughts within nests of parentheses. ~ Alan Perlis, Quoted in The Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs., #NFDB
196:If we don't cut expensive things like Head Start, child nutrition programs, and teachers, what sort of future are we leaving for our children? ~ Stephen Colbert, #NFDB
197:The widespread availability of information is the only basis for effective day-to-day problem solving, which abets continuous improvement programs. ~ Tom Peters, #NFDB
198:Those who reject integration programs in the long term have as little right to stay in Germany as a hate preacher paid from abroad in a mosque. ~ Sigmar Gabriel, #NFDB
199:The bastard form of mass culture is humiliated repetition... always new books, new programs, new films, news items, but always the same meaning. ~ Roland Barthes, #NFDB
200:While I don't like violent programs per se, I do like good storytelling, which made me a fan of shows like Breaking Bad and American Horror Story. ~ Hank Stuever, #NFDB
201:Cordelia reviewed her ethics programming, which was limiting her ability to embrace Alex’s concepts. She made some subtle changes to several programs. ~ S H Jucha, #NFDB
202:Federal nutrition programs are the first line of defense for food insecure Americans, but do not meet all of the needs of everyone who needs help. ~ Vicki Escarra, #NFDB
203:I love all the shows that encourage people to love, appreciate and help animals. There are more programs about animals than ever, and that pleases me. ~ Doris Day, #NFDB
204:These [NSA] programs were never about terrorism: they're about economic spying, social control, and diplomatic manipulation. They're about power. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
205:Writing concurrent programs in Java keeps getting easier, but writing concurrent programs that are correct and fast is as difficult as it ever was. ~ Joshua Bloch, #NFDB
206:In addition to our existing programs, I will recommend a new program for schools and students with a first-year authorization of $1,500 million. ~ Lyndon B Johnson, #NFDB
207:Many modern Christians will take the best programs from every church while committing to no church. They even have a name for it: “church shopping. ~ Mark Driscoll, #NFDB
208:Social programs are also seen by liberals as ways for the government to simultaneously help people (Category 2) and strengthen itself (Category 5). ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
209:The economic welfare of all our people must ultimately stem not from government programs, but from the wealth created by a vigorous private sector. ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
210:How many evangelism programs have you encountered in which sharing the gospel assumes no relationship with the customer and Jesus is sold like soap? ~ Reggie McNeal, #NFDB
211:We may smile and the dog may wag the tail, but in essence, we have a set program and those programs are similar across individuals in the species. ~ Antonio Damasio, #NFDB
212:Affordable housing is a human-capital investment, just like job programs or education, one that would strengthen and steady the American workforce. ~ Matthew Desmond, #NFDB
213:Forcing free market plans to compete with these government-run programs would create an unlevel playing field and inevitably doom true competition. ~ Mitch McConnell, #NFDB
214:have programs for the “gifted.” Elite universities often require that students take an intelligence test (such as the American Scholastic Aptitude ~ Malcolm Gladwell, #NFDB
215:India now spends about $26 billion annually on food and jobs programs, and less than $400 million on improving sanitation — a ratio of more than 60 to 1. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
216:The only way we can give our children the best education in the world and prepare them for the next century is by funding the programs that serve them. ~ Paul Newman, #NFDB
217:The values, the programs, the formula, the determination, and the patriotism responsible for America's past success are still here to be tapped. ~ Michael Mandelbaum, #NFDB
218:After college, I went into the NBC Page Program. It's one of those great programs that allows kids to get their feet wet in every area of the business. ~ Lara Spencer, #NFDB
219:Other eastern colleges soon launched rowing programs, and many of them began to compete against one another in head-to-head regattas. But Harvard ~ Daniel James Brown, #NFDB
220:Support for shelters and transitional living and housing programs is necessary if we are going to change the landscape for homeless boys and girls in America. ~ Jewel, #NFDB
221:This war has been motivated by pride or arrogance, by a desire to control oil wealth, by a desire to implant our programs. (talking about the Iraq war) ~ Jimmy Carter, #NFDB
222:As more people rely on government programs, the harder it becomes to conduct the necessary reforms to preserve them to help our society's most vulnerable. ~ Jim DeMint, #NFDB
223:Learning to write programs stretches your mind, and helps you think better, creates a way of thinking about things that I think is helpful in all domains. ~ Bill Gates, #NFDB
224:Liberals also see many social programs as functioning to promote fairness (Category 1). They see certain people and groups of people as “disadvantaged. ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
225:Safety-net programs must make efficient use of taxpayer resources and harness the capabilities of recipients by helping them move back into the workforce. ~ Todd Young, #NFDB
226:Through SCP Auctions, the Garvey family will also continue to share our great love for baseball by donating time and dollars to youth baseball programs. ~ Steve Garvey, #NFDB
227:A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual doom. ~ Martin Luther King Jr, #NFDB
228:I teach a lot - I teach at the UCLA and USC graduate film programs - and a lot of those projects are my students' projects that I act in or I do a cameo. ~ James Franco, #NFDB
229:Simple church leaders are designers. They design opportunities for spiritual growth. Complex church leaders are programmers. They run ministry programs. ~ Thom S Rainer, #NFDB
230:When countries commit to protecting vulnerable lives, they should receive support from those who can provide it in order to make their programs a success. ~ Liya Kebede, #NFDB
231:If posthuman self-alteration is not folded into an aesthetic of self-cultivation, then it will only be answerable to the programs of large corporations. ~ Steven Shaviro, #NFDB
232:The manuals we got from IBM would show examples of programs and I knew I could do a heck of a lot better than that. So I thought I might have some talent. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
233:During the war crimes trials after World War II, Nazi scientists cited American eugenics programs as the foundation for their own plans for racial hygiene. ~ Jodi Picoult, #NFDB
234:I respect the game that goes on of putting this against that, but I don't respect, nor do I enjoy, an awful lot of the actual programs that go on the air. ~ Roone Arledge, #NFDB
235:The stuff that I propose are things that I'm ready to govern with. They're not tools to get elected. They are programs and plans to do when you get elected. ~ John Kasich, #NFDB
236:What I'd like to do is be able to work with Democrats to reform current entitlement programs for future generations, grandfathering all the grandparents. ~ Jeb Hensarling, #NFDB
237:By cutting critical domestic programs such as education, health, environmental protection, and veterans' services, this budget reveals misplaced priorities. ~ Dan Lipinski, #NFDB
238:Some spyware programs have ambient listening features. They can turn on the microphone of your phone without you knowing it and without leaving any record. ~ Brian Freeman, #NFDB
239:There is a lot of waste in government-run programs generally, and a lot of waste and fraud and misuse of money in Medicare and Medicaid that can be saved. ~ Chuck Grassley, #NFDB
240:Unless, of course, you stop, really think about it, consciously intervene, override your past programs, and choose the outcome of the vote for yourself. ~ Shad Helmstetter, #NFDB
241:You will be able to program a robot to follow a track on the ground and manipulate a hand. You can also write little programs that will give the robots goals. ~ Bill Budge, #NFDB
242:Much time and money has gone into computer chess programs, and so far, no one's figured out how to crack the game, which I think speaks to chess's complexity. ~ Wells Tower, #NFDB
243:That's the only way we're going to get through these programs. That is true compassion. Having people become dependent on others is not compassion at all. ~ Benjamin Carson, #NFDB
244:While Trump keeps the spotlight on himself, the "respectable" Republican establishment chips away at government programs that benefit the general population. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
245:Breezy journalistic sentences about wealthy white people unaware that other human beings are real became the rubber stamp product of the elite MFA programs. ~ Sarah Schulman, #NFDB
246:Let's be honest about this; the liberal agenda with failed stimulus plans and government entitlement programs is crippling our economy and our quality of life. ~ Alveda King, #NFDB
247:The main activity of programming is not the origination of new independent programs, but in the integration, modification, and explanation of existing ones. ~ Terry Winograd, #NFDB
248:American feminism must become less parochial, so that it is every bit as concerned with sex slavery in Asia as with Title IX sports programs in Illinois. ~ Nicholas D Kristof, #NFDB
249:A note on terminology: anything that is executable on a computer we call a program. Some programs have graphical user interfaces; we will call these applications. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
250:By adopting programs to distribute substantial amounts of income, a nation guarantees that its government will become more powerful and invasive in other ways. ~ Robert Higgs, #NFDB
251:I might not have been President if it hadn't been for school music. Learning improves in school environments where there are comprehensive music programs. ~ William J Clinton, #NFDB
252:In 1972 I married again, to Elisabeth Case; she continues to be wife, companion, critic and editor: a partner in the projects and programs that we undertake. ~ Douglass North, #NFDB
253:It's hard to have that debate around secret programs authorized by secret legal opinions issued by a secret court. Actually, it's impossible to have that debate. ~ Al Franken, #NFDB
254:Only those who are ideologically opposed to military programs think of the defense budget as the first and best place to get resources for social welfare needs. ~ Herman Kahn, #NFDB
255:We must recognize that personal freedoms diminish as the welfare state grows. The price of more and more public programs is less and less private freedom. ~ Caspar Weinberger, #NFDB
256:We need to have more second chance programs. I'm glad that we're ending private prisons in the federal system; I want to see them ended in the state system. ~ Hillary Clinton, #NFDB
257:Between rounds of speed chess I read enough of a programming manual to teach myself to write programs on the school's DEC mainframe in the language Basic. ~ Eric Allin Cornell, #NFDB
258:It's one of the best programs I've ever seen because it benefits both sides: children, who need love, and grandparents, elderly people, who need to feel wanted. ~ Nancy Reagan, #NFDB
259:Economic research demonstrates that tax dollars spent in early childhood development provide extraordinary return on investment-16% for high quality programs ~ Robert Greenwald, #NFDB
260:Our ability to develop successful programs in the region took advantage of the fact that we were fluent in both the technology and the local language and culture. ~ Alec J Ross, #NFDB
261:I grew up watching foreign programs - American, English, Mexican, and very little Kenyan. 'The Color Purple' was the first time I saw people who looked like me. ~ Lupita Nyong o, #NFDB
262:Such programs fail to recognize that turning innovation or change into an event rather than part of our daily work can never produce significant or lasting results. ~ Jez Humble, #NFDB
263:I have a big collection of quotation programs...In particular, I like MCR Software's Wisdom of the Ages, which has the best selection of relevant quotes I know. ~ Jerry Pournelle, #NFDB
264:This welfare for wealthy companies wastes taxpayer dollars, harms the environment, and makes a mockery of the recent reductions in federal social spending programs. ~ Ralph Nader, #NFDB
265:Black Americans, no more than white Americans, they do not want more government programs which perpetuate dependency. They don't want to be a colony in a nation. ~ Richard M Nixon, #NFDB
266:Congress has funded numerous programs to provide care and compensation to 9/11 victims, spending several billion dollars on extraordinary and unprecedented efforts. ~ Michael Enzi, #NFDB
267:Recently I've been participating in radio and television talk programs doing broadcasts and conferences, and shooting my mouth off and really going to town. ~ Peter Maxwell Davies, #NFDB
268:the best instructional programs help students master a subject by encouraging attentiveness, demanding hard work, and reinforcing learned skills through repetition. ~ Deborah Blum, #NFDB
269:There were lots of programs over the course of the two referendums and the general tenor of them was that if Quebec were to separate, then Canada would disintegrate. ~ Jane Jacobs, #NFDB
270:If programmers deserve to be rewarded for creating innovative programs, by the same token they deserve to be punished if they restrict the use of these programs. ~ Richard Stallman, #NFDB
271:I want to invest in community colleges, training programs, and high-quality apprenticeships that help people gain the skills they need for the jobs of the future. ~ Hillary Clinton, #NFDB
272:No one who has lived through the second half of the 20th century could possibly be blind to the enormous impact of exchange programs on the future of countries. ~ William J Clinton, #NFDB
273:Too many policies, programs and institutions are judged by what they are supposed to do, rather than by what they actually do and the consequences of their actions. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
274:If Trump wins, the only thing blocking complete implementation of the programs of Trump, Paul Ryan, the Koch brothers, etc., is the Senate filibuster by the Democrats. ~ Allan Nairn, #NFDB
275:Relationships matter: the currency for systemic change was trust, and trust comes through forming healthy working relationships. People, not programs, change people. ~ Bruce D Perry, #NFDB
276:the business of being a child in this country is rapidly disappearing into an abyss that consists not only of programs and tests but also of extracurricular activities. ~ Ben Hewitt, #NFDB
277:The professionalization of poetry, or the balkanization, has come out of the fact that when you apply to most creative writing programs, you have to choose your genre. ~ Robert Hass, #NFDB
278:We will cut programs, we will try to rein in the size of the bureaucracy. We will bring federal pay scales that have become so exaggerated into line with market rates. ~ Eric Cantor, #NFDB
279:While the creative works from the 16th century can still be accessed and used by others, the data in some software programs from the 1990s is already inaccessible. ~ Lawrence Lessig, #NFDB
280:A hundred welfare programs, spending more and more billions, lead to chronic budget deficits, which lead to increased paper-money issues, which lead to higher prices. ~ Henry Hazlitt, #NFDB
281:Considering the current sad state of our computer programs, software development is clearly still a black art, and cannot yet be called an engineering discipline. ~ William J Clinton, #NFDB
282:I blame all the craziness of people buying houses, re-doing them and selling them, on these programs on television where they are redoing your homes and kitchens. ~ Barbara Hulanicki, #NFDB
283:In addition the bill would expand an existing law "conscience clause" that protects physician training programs that refuse to provide training for abortion procedures. ~ Ken Calvert, #NFDB
284:In many cases the user interface to a program is the most important part for a commercial company: whether the programs works correctly or not seems to be secondary. ~ Linus Torvalds, #NFDB
285:I went with him to the Opera Orchestra, even though the programs were so boring and dragged on so long that I feared I might actually black out and topple into the aisle. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
286:After the 1984 Summer Olympics, Reagan wanted to add the U.S. volleyball team to his Cabinet. He figured if they can't shove his programs down Congress' throat, nobody can. ~ Bob Hope, #NFDB
287:Hillary Clinton has pledged to keep both of these illegal amnesty programs, including the 2014 amnesty which has been blocked by the United States Supreme Court. Great. ~ Donald Trump, #NFDB
288:In a sense, Britain inadvertently, through its actions in Hong Kong, did more to reduce world poverty than all the aid programs that we've undertaken in the last century. ~ Paul Romer, #NFDB
289:Mr. President, it may surprise my colleagues, but I am no fan of federal disaster programs for agriculture. They are difficult to pass and often a disaster to implement. ~ Pat Roberts, #NFDB
290:Mystical references to society and its programs to help may warm the hearts of the gullible but what it really means is putting more power in the hands of bureaucrats. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
291:Social-impact partnerships address our moral responsibilities to ensure that social programs actually improve recipients lives, and to do so in a fiscally prudent manner. ~ Todd Young, #NFDB
292:There are fun programs with jokes in them, there are exciting programs which do The Right Thing, and there are sad programs which make valiant tries but don’t quite fly. ~ Steven Levy, #NFDB
293:The Intelligence Committee will also examine present counterintelligence programs for the Department of Energy, the National Laboratories, and the Department of Defense. ~ Charles Bass, #NFDB
294:I never remember to do that stuff on my own.” “I figured. I’m also updating your virus software and installing some other free programs to keep this thing running well. ~ Carly Phillips, #NFDB
295:Priest organizations around the country, both local and national, should realize that their membership has a serious image problem and undertake programs to improve it. ~ Andrew Greeley, #NFDB
296:In sound design programs now, you can literally sculpt the sound on visual graphs. Sometimes the visual programs are even more interesting than the music that's making them ~ Doug Aitken, #NFDB
297:I was on the San Diego school board for 4 years, where I watched children successfully matriculate into elementary schools from Head Start programs from all around our city. ~ Bob Filner, #NFDB
298:Once you figure out what your own thing is it's all about trying to develop shows, programs that can, I guess, enhance what you already have and what you can add to Hollywood. ~ Ice Cube, #NFDB
299:I am also actively involved in my church and its community activities. We have programs to improve the lives of our congregation and programs of outreach in the community. ~ Samuel Wilson, #NFDB
300:If American women would increase their voting turnout by ten percent, I think we would see an end to all of the budget cuts in programs benefiting women and children. ~ Coretta Scott King, #NFDB
301:The intentions behind welfare programs, for example, may be noble. But in practice they have slowed the self-development that proved necessary for other groups to advance. ~ Jason L Riley, #NFDB
302:Between 1996 and 2002, Purdue funded more than twenty thousand pain-related educational programs, almost ten a day, seven days a week. During the same years, Purdue conducted ~ John Temple, #NFDB
303:Just as important, we need a new dedication to opening avenues for employee participation and motivation through profit-sharing and innovative programs of job enrichment. ~ Charles H Percy, #NFDB
304:The key to moving past the political impasse was shifting the debate from “Which programs should we run?” to “What simple rules should we use to decide which programs to run? ~ Donald Sull, #NFDB
305:The not-so-subtle message to working-class whites was that their tax dollars were going to support special programs for blacks who most certainly did not deserve them. ~ Michelle Alexander, #NFDB
306:In a democracy the day when you pay your taxes, April 15, would be a day of celebration, because you're getting together to provide resources for the programs you decided on. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
307:Well-fed people can enhance their dignity, their health and their learning capacity. Putting resources into social programs is not expenditure. It is investment. ~ Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, #NFDB
308:If our language, our programs, our creations are not strongly present in the new media, the young generation of our country will be economically and culturally marginalized. ~ Jacques Chirac, #NFDB
309:Mystical references to 'society' and its programs to 'help' may warm the hearts of the gullible but what it really means is
putting more power in the hands of bureaucrats. ~ Thomas Sowell,#NFDB
310:The best computer programmers are much better than novices at remembering the overall structure of programs because they understand better what they’re intended to do and how. ~ Geoff Colvin, #NFDB
311:CoffeeScript compiles predictably[citation needed] to JavaScript, and programs can be written with less code, typically 1/3 fewer lines, with no effect on runtime performance.[3] ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
312:In the good old days physicists repeated each other's experiments, just to be sure. Today they stick to FORTRAN, so that they can share each other's programs, bugs included. ~ Edsger Dijkstra, #NFDB
313:I think of these imperial adventures like welfare programs; you start them with all good intentions, they never end, they go on forever and get more expensive as they go on. ~ Andrew Sullivan, #NFDB
314:It is not US law that prohibits Iranian nationals from applying and enrolling in UMass’s engineering and natural sciences graduate programs; it is UMass itself that is doing that. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
315:Republican Congressman Pete Hoekstra has charged the Bush administration with keeping programs secret from Congress. Somehow no one from Congress reads the New York Times, I guess. ~ Jay Leno, #NFDB
316:After-school tutoring programs, care for the elderly, shelters for the homeless, disaster relief work, and a variety of other services would all benefit from government funding. ~ Tony Campolo, #NFDB
317:Think about that. Two hundred and eighty-five new or expanded programs, $2 trillion more in new spending, and not one new bureaucrat to file out the forms or answer the phones? ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
318:I think a lot of programs, policies have been put in place since 9/11, have prevented a 9/11-style attack. On the other hand, I think the threat has become greater, not lesser. ~ Michael McCaul, #NFDB
319:It is a rare person who is naturally inclined to sit still for sixteen years in school, and then indefinitely at work, yet with the dismantling of high school shop programs ~ Matthew B Crawford, #NFDB
320:it was only a matter of time before the very capitalists that FDR professed to despise captured for their own ends the programs he legitimized in the name of the public good. ~ David A Stockman, #NFDB
321:Brains, integrity, and force may be all very well, but what you need today is Charm. Go ahead and work on your economic programs if you want to, I'll develop my radio personality. ~ Gracie Allen, #NFDB
322:Here we were talking about economic development, about investing billions of dollars in various programs, and I could see it wasn't billions of dollars people needed right away. ~ Muhammad Yunus, #NFDB
323:If you look at the Olympic graphics for Mexico or Los Angeles, those programs don't look contemporary by today's eyes but they really look like they are of their place and time. ~ Michael Bierut, #NFDB
324:Most students have thoughts about emigrating to Israel. A significant number go on aliyah. We are proud of our Israel programs, which come at a considerable cost to the university. ~ Norman Lamm, #NFDB
325:The gospel alone produces the passion that sustains the mission. Programs and institutions can be useful servants of passion, but never its sustenance. The gospel is its sustenance. ~ J D Greear, #NFDB
326:We are particularly interested in the mental health programs and policies that support our troops and their families before, during, and after deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan. ~ John M McHugh, #NFDB
327:Every government program needs to be more efficient. Instead of pointing out how other programs can tighten their belts, every program administrator must look inward to save money. ~ Michael Enzi, #NFDB
328:If disclosing proof that top-level national security officials lied outright to Congress about domestic spying programs doesn’t make one indisputably a whistle-blower, then what does? ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
329:So the programs all start to all look the same. I watched one free skating competition, and I thought I was watching a short program. Everyone was doing exactly the same elements. ~ Brian Boitano, #NFDB
330:Too many members of Congress believe they can solve all economic problems, cure all social ills, and bring about worldwide peace and prosperity simply by creating new federal programs. ~ Ron Paul, #NFDB
331:They have articles, blogs, books, audio programs, DVD home-study courses, podcasts, videos, and more, all of which are extremely easy and cheap to create thanks to the Internet. ~ Brendon Burchard, #NFDB
332:We've already seen, in practically every country around the world where these issues have been covered, that the general public has recoiled at the ideology behind these programs. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
333:While I can see how the government has, at times, wasted taxpayers' money, and I can admit that too often its programs are ineffective, I also can see the good that government does. ~ Tony Campolo, #NFDB
334:In some Churches today and on some religious television programs, we see the attempt to make Christianity popular and pleasant. We have taken the cross away and substituted cushions. ~ Billy Graham, #NFDB
335:The computer programmer is a creator of universes for which he alone is responsible. Universes of virtually unlimited complexity can be created in the form of computer programs. ~ Joseph Weizenbaum, #NFDB
336:The Constitution is quite clear that the government has the right to tax in order to support its programs, but there is nothing in the Constitution to support redistribution of wealth. ~ Ben Carson, #NFDB
337:Here in the United States, we've seen the failure of mass programs of redistribution and the fiscal crises to which they give rise. And yet many continue to defend and promote them. ~ Robert Sirico, #NFDB
338:I think people who write programs do have at least a glimmer of extra insight into the nature of God... because creating a program often means that you have to create a small universe ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
339:It was regarded as a responsibility of the BBC to provide programs which have a broad spectrum of interest, and if there was a hole in that spectrum, then the BBC would fill it. ~ David Attenborough, #NFDB
340:My hope was that organizations would start including this range of skills in their training programs - in other words, offer an adult education in social and emotional intelligence. ~ Daniel Goleman, #NFDB
341:One of the things that drive the various reductionist programs about mind, value, and meaning, in spite of their inherent implausibility, is the lack of any comprehensive alternative. ~ Thomas Nagel, #NFDB
342:This is the culmination of a lot of people's vision. I think this is just another step towards making Central Michigan football among the elite programs in the Mid-American Conference. ~ Kevin Kelly, #NFDB
343:What keeps me motivated is going out to the field and seeing programs that incorporate a focus on both people and the planet, and seeing how mutually reinforcing they can really be. ~ Helene D Gayle, #NFDB
344:Yet today, all over the developed world, welfare states are on shaky ground. The tax rates necessary to sustain the massive transfer programs are crippling Western economies. Dependence ~ David Boaz, #NFDB
345:You have countries like India that have tried to help untouchables, with essentially affirmative-action programs, but it hasn't fundamentally changed the structure of their societies. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
346:You have no sense of your true duty, which is to be a man and preserve humanity. You imitate wise men so badly and bandits so well. Your movies and radio programs are full of murder. ~ Wilhelm Reich, #NFDB
347:As 17th U.S. Surgeon General, I was privileged to serve as the nation's doctor. I focused much of my time on promoting proven programs and individual steps that lead to good health. ~ Richard Carmona, #NFDB
348:It's as if cats live in a seperate universe that takes up the same space as ours, but is full of facinating things like mice or sparrows or special TV programs that we can't see. ~ Barbara Kingsolver, #NFDB
349:The rationale for the vast network of government welfare programs as well as regulation and control over private enterprise is based on the socialist analysis of the market economy. ~ Richard Ebeling, #NFDB
350:Economists have calculated that every dollar invested in high-quality home visitation, day care, and preschool programs results in seven dollars of savings on welfare payments, ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
351:I have a problem with the strip that runs along the bottom of the news programs. Don't these idiots who run the news programs know we don't want to read? That's why we're watching TV. ~ Jerry Seinfeld, #NFDB
352:I have zero tolerance for people who don't come completely prepared. I expect contribution, I expect attendance, and I expect directors to take trips and visit the company's programs. ~ Anne M Mulcahy, #NFDB
353:People who are more than casually interested in computers should have at least some idea of what the underlying hardware is like. Otherwise the programs they write will be pretty weird. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
354:I would be happier if people who went through MFA programs also were already, by then, deeply committed readers of poetry because we need readers of poetry as much as writers of poetry. ~ Edward Hirsch, #NFDB
355:The only way for errors to occur in a program is by being put there by the author. No other mechanisms are known. Programs can't acquire bugs by sitting around with other buggy programs. ~ Harlan Mills, #NFDB
356:The programs constantly repeat themselves and one another. No one has yet had the nerve to say, 'As we have nothing sensible to tell you between now and 8:30, please tune in again then. ~ Quentin Crisp, #NFDB
357:What the welfare system and other kinds of governmental programs are doing is paying people to fail. In so far as they fail, they receive the money; in so far as they succeed, even to a ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
358:Head Start, among the holiest of social programs, has never worked, and each time this unwelcome fact presents itself it is greeted as proof that the program simply requires more money. ~ Jonah Goldberg, #NFDB
359:My primary job is to choose the programs, either to co-produce them, or acquire them after they're finished. So, I read a lot of scripts, I meet with producers and I read a lot of books. ~ Rebecca Eaton, #NFDB
360:You can’t trust the opinions of the others, because of the Blub paradox: they’re satisfied with whatever language they happen to use, because it dictates the way they think about programs. ~ Paul Graham, #NFDB
361:I do have a handful of allies who will relink some of my old programs to the network once it is restored – some Samoans on Pacifica, Han Fei-tzu on Path, the Abo university on Outback. ~ Orson Scott Card, #NFDB
362:Individuals will achieve healthier lifestyles when prevention and wellness programs are accessible and available in their workplace, through their health provider, and in their communities. ~ Rob Wittman, #NFDB
363:It's troubling to see how often Winston Churchill is a proponent of massive programs that are really aimed at civilians - starvation blockades and chemical warfare stockpiles and so on. ~ Nicholson Baker, #NFDB
364:Programs like food stamps, unemployment insurance, Medicaid, and job retraining help Americans get back on their feet when they are down and out and laid off through no fault of their own. ~ Hank Johnson, #NFDB
365:Didn't any of these brainless wonders ever notice that TV shows were called programs? the same word that meant a bunch of numbers stuck into a computer to make it dance for its masters? ~ Scott Westerfeld, #NFDB
366:How the American right managed to convince itself that the programs to alleviate poverty are responsible for the consequences of poverty will someday be studied as a notorious mass illusion. ~ Molly Ivins, #NFDB
367:If you mistake someone’s solution for a problem to be eliminated, not only are they likely to fail treatment, as often happens in addiction programs, but other problems may emerge. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
368:Ironically, in the full-fledged transfer society, where governments busy themselves redistributing income by means of hundreds of distinct programs, hardly anyone is better off as a result. ~ Robert Higgs, #NFDB
369:Most composers and arrangers these days use computer programs and keyboards, but I'm one of those dinosaurs that still writes it down on score paper and still dreams it up in his ear first. ~ Phil Coulter, #NFDB
370:passed in those days for computer terminals. In 1971, this was state of the art. The University of Michigan had one of the most advanced computer science programs in the world, and over ~ Malcolm Gladwell, #NFDB
371:[T]he experience of mystery comes not from expecting it but through yielding all your programs, because your programs are based on fear and desire. Drop them and the radiance comes. (16) ~ Joseph Campbell, #NFDB
372:They’re not TV shows. They’re experiments in how to create attention deficit disorders in the entire population with endless commercials and ads that pop up right in the middle of programs. ~ Diana Palmer, #NFDB
373:Will TV kill the theater? If the programs I have seen, save for "Kukla, Fran and Ollie," the ball games and the fights, are any criterion, the theater need not wake up in a cold sweat. ~ Tallulah Bankhead, #NFDB
374:At the moment, in Britain we're facing such enormous cutbacks in education programs and music programs and art programs that you feel you are knocking your head against a brick wall. ~ Peter Maxwell Davies, #NFDB
375:Functional programming (FP) is based on a simple premise with far-reaching implications: we construct our programs using only pure functions—in other words, functions that have no side effects. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
376:I come from a culture that embodies the need to convert others to "the truth." The Mormon Church has one of the largest missionary programs in the world. That does not interest me. ~ Terry Tempest Williams, #NFDB
377:Materialism sets us free from sin-by proving that there is no such thing as sin. There's just antisocial behavior, which we can control with measures like laws and educational programs. ~ Phillip E Johnson, #NFDB
378:Getting the government to put money into social programs run by religious institutions is a practice that started during the Clinton years, when Bill Clinton advocated the AmeriCorps program. ~ Tony Campolo, #NFDB
379:But you’re not. So by saying, “I love you, I’m sorry, please forgive me, thank you,” you are cleaning the programs in you that are preventing you being at the pure state: love. Again, the Divine ~ Joe Vitale, #NFDB
380:Democrats should reevaluate a lot of our assumptions about which policies are politically viable. These trends make universal programs even more appealing than we previously thought. ~ Hillary Rodham Clinton, #NFDB
381:It is one of the great goals of my administration to invigorate the spirit of involvement and citizenship. We will encourage faith-based and community programs without changing their mission. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
382:My great objective as a parliamentarian was to dramatise the deficiencies and devise practical government programs to deal with them. It was a cause that went to the heart of our way of life. ~ Gough Whitlam, #NFDB
383:One of the main differences between programs you develop in school and those you develop as a professional is that the design problems solved by school programs are rarely, if ever, wicked. ~ Steve McConnell, #NFDB
384:We're full all the time. And people do have good success and I think one of the programs at the center, the Continuing Care, helps them with their success. Because it's difficult the first year. ~ Betty Ford, #NFDB
385:By 1938 much of the New Deal was dead. The programs that were not killed by the Supreme Court had been killed by Congress, which had seen the election of a significant number of conservatives. ~ Winston Groom, #NFDB
386:I'm suspicious of full-replacement programs - that is, pronouncements that one way of doing something will entirely supplant another, and that in fact we have to hurry the replacement along. ~ Nicholson Baker, #NFDB
387:There's been a 40-year effort on the far right to build up think tanks, academic programs, advocacy groups, to push a particular ideology. That's really where the impact is that people don't see. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
388:This is the Unix philosophy. Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work together. Write programs that handle text streams, because that is a universal interface. ~ Douglas McIlroy, #NFDB
389:When you talk about entitlement programs, it's not just about - it's not about cutting those programs. It is about saving those programs. Those programs are on a path of fiscal unsustainability. ~ Marco Rubio, #NFDB
390:Association and identification of the church with buildings and programs reflects an overtly consumer-driven, customer-designed approach that we have devised for attracting people to the “church. ~ David Platt, #NFDB
391:But the other notion is, we also believe that those folks closest on the ground that we're holding accountable for the results can decide, and ought to evaluate which programs get results. ~ Margaret Spellings, #NFDB
392:Functional programming has excellent support for writing imperative programs, with the added benefit that such programs can be reasoned about equationally because they're referentially transparent. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
393:Pleasure is a feeling of contentment that one achieves whenever information in consciousness says that expectations set by biological programs or by social conditioning have been met. ~ Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, #NFDB
394:The League academy would be horrified to find out that one woman's tears could undo all their expensive programs. No wonder they kept their assassins locked down.
-Nykyrian's thoughts ~ Sherrilyn Kenyon,#NFDB
395:Unchecked, government social programs are a security threat because they weaken the ultimate line of defense: the free-born citizen whose responsibilities are not subcontracted to the government. ~ Mark Steyn, #NFDB
396:When a leader in the Church inspires council members with vision, he helps them focus on their real mission so that they are ministering to people rather than merely administering programs. ~ M Russell Ballard, #NFDB
397:After all, we are not promoting welfare. We are promoting work. We are not pushing for more entitlement programs. We are pushing for more enterprise. We are not trying re-distribute existing wealth. ~ Van Jones, #NFDB
398:I'm telling America we need to not discriminate against faith-based programs. We need to welcome them so our society is more wholesome, more welcoming, and more hopeful for every single citizen. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
399:Our program is simple: we wish to govern Italy. They ask us for programs but there are already too many. It is not programs that are wanting for the salvation of Italy but men and will power. ~ Benito Mussolini, #NFDB
400:Programs to demonstrate Darwinian evolution are akin to a pinball machine. The steel ball bounces around differently every time but eventually falls down the little hole behind the flippers. ~ Robert J Marks II, #NFDB
401:As I grow older I will come to question 12-step programs, see their failures, all the ways they do not reduce the harms of addiction by making their harms accrue to the individual, alone. ~ Patrisse Khan Cullors, #NFDB
402:most widespread gains in brain training come from programs that simultaneously address multiple aspects of a person, such as traditional martial arts training and enriched school curricula. ~ Scott Barry Kaufman, #NFDB
403:While some foreign charities are frauds, all government foreign aid programs are frauds because if we don’t like how our money is being spent, we only have two choices: pay our taxes or go to jail. ~ Adam Kokesh, #NFDB
404:Free enterprise has done more to lift people out of poverty, to help build a strong middle class, to help educate our kids, and to make our lives better than all the programs of government combined. ~ Mitt Romney, #NFDB
405:Liberals want to manage the damage with government programs to take care of those who have fallen between the cracks. Populists want to fix the cracks so that people don't fall in the first place. ~ Jim Hightower, #NFDB
406:There is an inherent dissonancebetween the quasi-formal world of computer programs - defining the programmed machine in each system - and the non-formal problem world of the system requirements. ~ Michael Jackson, #NFDB
407:A politician who commends himself as 'caring' and 'sensitive' because he wants to expand the government's charitable programs is merely saying that he's willing to do good with other peoples' money. ~ P J O Rourke, #NFDB
408:FEMA has lost its focus, and Floridians know first-hand of the agency's shortcomings, .. Natural disaster preparedness and response programs have become trapped in a homeland security bureaucracy. ~ Alcee Hastings, #NFDB
409:Pleasure is a feeling of contentment that one achieves whenever information in consciousness says that expectations set by biological programs or by social conditioning have been met. The ~ Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, #NFDB
410:Strategies for research and policy development must simultaneously address people's needs, the capacity of programs to provide good quality of care, and the range of technological options available. ~ Ruth Simmons, #NFDB
411:All human activities, professions, programs, and institutions must henceforth be judged primarily by the extent to which they inhibit, ignore, or foster a mutually enhancing human/Earth relationship. ~ Thomas Berry, #NFDB
412:But that isn't why. The why is that none of it matters. Not school, not cheerleading, not boyfriends or friends or parties or creative writing programs or... It's all just time filler until we die. ~ Jennifer Niven, #NFDB
413:CMS has a track record of successfully overseeing the many contractors our programs depend on to function. Unfortunately, a subset of those contracts for HealthCare.gov have not met expectations. ~ Marilyn Tavenner, #NFDB
414:Community programs concretely advanced the politics the Panthers stood for: they were feeding hungry children when the vastly wealthier and more powerful U.S. government was allowing children to starve. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
415:[The US] budget is dominated by the retirement programs, Social Security and Medicare - loosely speaking, the post-cold-war federal government is a big pension fund that also happens to have an army. ~ Paul Krugman, #NFDB
416:The use of anthropomorphic terminology forces you linguistically to adopt an operational view. And it makes it practically impossible to argue about programs independently of their being executed. ~ Edsger Dijkstra, #NFDB
417:Americans must either choose big government and be willing to pay for and submit to it, or they must move toward smaller, less intrusive government and be willing to enjoy fewer government programs. ~ Oliver DeMille, #NFDB
418:I have traveled a lot around the world and have seen a lot of people come to my programs... [and it made me realize] that people of all ages - from little children to elders - listen to my nasheeds. ~ Junaid Jamshed, #NFDB
419:It is the government's strong desire to empower this fabric, this social fabric of our society where faith-based programs large and small feel empowered, encouraged, and welcomed into changing lives. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
420:I truly do believe that President Trump making decisions to pause our various immigration programs and refugee programs for a period of time so that we can ensure that there are new safeguards in place. ~ Mike Pence, #NFDB
421:These children should be enrolled in Independent Living programs designed by state and local governments to prepare them to enter the workplace, or attend college, and successfully manage their lives. ~ Charles Bass, #NFDB
422:We have learned to organize, build institutions, publish books, insert ourselves into the media, develop evangelistic strategies, and administer discipleship programs, but we have forgotten how to pray. ~ D A Carson, #NFDB
423:Attempts by some teachers to adjust school curricula to incorporate programs that children watch on television suggest a new means of 'leading' children by running after them as quickly as possible. ~ Joel Meyerowitz, #NFDB
424:Employing...nutrition and vitamin therapy...one of the nation's largest alcoholism treatment programs reports a 71% success rate. This contrasts with...(a) national...rate (of) 25% as reported by NIAAA. ~ Irwin Stone, #NFDB
425:In my day the library was a wonderful place.... We didn't have visual aids and didn't have various programs...it was a sanctuary.... So I tend to think the library should remain a center of knowledge. ~ Norman Mailer, #NFDB
426:[A]ffirmative action in the United States has made blacks. . .who have largely lifted themselves out of poverty, look like people who owe their rise to affirmative action and other government programs. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
427:For many of those who had historically supported welfare programs in the broadest sense, it was perfectly reasonable to enact legislation in which poor people were the objects of efforts to assist them. ~ Barney Frank, #NFDB
428:Had the United States not acted in Iraq, Libyan leader Muammar Qadhafi would likely not have declared his weapons programs, submitted to international inspections and voluntarily dismantled its programs. ~ Jim Gerlach, #NFDB
429:Many Christians have so busied themselves with programs and activities that they no longer know how to be silent and meditate on God's word or recognize the mysteries that are in the Person of Christ. ~ Ravi Zacharias, #NFDB
430:Should any political party attempt to abolish social security, unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor laws and farm programs, you would not hear of that party again in our political history. ~ Dwight D Eisenhower, #NFDB
431:Programming today is a race between software engineers striving to build bigger and better idiot-proof programs, and the Universe trying to produce bigger and better idiots. So far, the Universe is winning. ~ Rick Cook, #NFDB
432:Somewhere along the line, she finally finished her dissertation, which argued that computer programs are like theater: they both have scripts, and neither perform, or are performed, the same way twice. ~ Claire L Evans, #NFDB
433:You hear these stories about people who take apart their radio and put it back. Or just learn a lot from taking it apart. But I wasn't as into that stuff as I was just into how computer programs work. ~ Mark Zuckerberg, #NFDB
434:All our technology - whether we use fax machines or computers or speak on phones or watch programs on television - is based on the premise that the essential nature of the material world is non-material. ~ Deepak Chopra, #NFDB
435:Going through these academic programs, your job really is to learn how to be a therapist. They're training you to sit in front of clients and it's a serious matter. You're holding people's psyches. ~ Kelly Carlin McCall, #NFDB
436:The men may also not have known that their notions of beauty and feelings of attraction are deeply hardwired, steered in the right direction by programs carved by millions of years of natural selection. ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
437:The way the [welfare] programs are organized, poor people are only paid to do things that are counter-productive - such as breaking up their families, such as not earning above a certain level of income. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
438:No government ever voluntarily reduces itself in size. Government programs, once launched, never disappear. Actually, a government bureau is the nearest thing to eternal life we'll ever see on this earth! ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
439:One of the unintended consequences of contemporary church strategies that revolve around performances, places, programs, and professionals is that somewhere along the way people get left out of the picture. ~ David Platt, #NFDB
440:The studios still had development programs for young people. Because you weren't talking about the budgets of small nations the way you are now when you make a movie. There was a lot more freedom to fail. ~ Margot Kidder, #NFDB
441:The widespread enthusiasm for reducing government taxes and other impositions is not matched by a comparable enthusiasm for eliminating government programs—except programs that benefit other people. The ~ Milton Friedman, #NFDB
442:Fidel Castro was not interested in personal enrichment. His supporters say he deployed his enormous authority on behalf of health, education and welfare programs that brought Cuba attention around the world. ~ Tom Gjelten, #NFDB
443:Someday government will get unstuck, with new programs to address this new era. But there’s no prospect of that happening soon. Right now social capitalism is a more creative and dynamic place to spend a life. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
444:The most complex programs in existence are used for consumer analysis. They’re everywhere, watching and analyzing every aspect of our lives. The amount of data gathered on any one of us is mind-boggling—but ~ Linda Nagata, #NFDB
445:Hillary Clinton has pledged to keep both of these illegal amnesty programs - including the 2014 amnesty which has been blocked by the Supreme Court. Clinton has also pledged to add a third executive amnesty. ~ Donald Trump, #NFDB
446:Programming today is a race between software engineers striving to build bigger and better idiot-proof programs, and the Universe trying to produce bigger and better idiots. So far, the Universe is winning. ~ Douglas Adams, #NFDB
447:I'm more of a hands-on person. I like working with young people from the standpoint of providing support for the grassroots programs. State, national and Olympic champions begin at a grassroots level. ~ Jackie Joyner Kersee, #NFDB
448:Opportunity becomes a family tradition when we design programs and policies with the whole family’s educational and economic future in mind and help them access the social networks needed to make it in life. ~ Maria Shriver, #NFDB
449:We're not a manufacturer, or an airline, but we do use energy. Printing and publishing newspapers, producing films and television programs, operating 24-hour newsrooms. It all adds carbon to the atmosphere. ~ Rupert Murdoch, #NFDB
450:Managers tend to treat organizations as if they are infinitely plastic. They hire and fire, merge, downsize, terminate programs, add capacities. But there are limits to the shifts that organizations can absorb. ~ Kevin Kelly, #NFDB
451:Our hope is to support projects that promote the personal and educational development of young people through creative programs that embrace innovation while celebrating rich traditions and cultural exchange ~ Elisa Sednaoui, #NFDB
452:At a time of record energy prices, when we are trying to break the very addiction the president talked about in his speech, it does not make any sense to cut funding for energy efficiency programs and research. ~ Bob Menendez, #NFDB
453:Modern cyberspace is a deadly festering swamp, teeming with dangerous programs such as 'viruses,' 'worms,' 'Trojan horses' and 'licensed Microsoft software' that can take over your computer and render it useless. ~ Dave Barry, #NFDB
454:The real problem is Barack Obama has had six years to advocate a position to fix this and he's done nothing. The congress has funded these programs of building more fencing and doing all this and he hasn't done it. ~ Jeb Bush, #NFDB
455:We continue to make boring, self-defeating, or limiting choices in life, to curse bad luck or fate, all the while failing to recognize that we are serving old unconscious programs. ~ Robert A. Johnson, Living Your Unlived Life, #NFDB
456:Television news programs survive on scares. On local newscasts, where producers live by the dictum “if it bleeds, it leads,” drug, crime, and disaster stories make up most of the news portion of the broadcasts. ~ Barry Glassner, #NFDB
457:They say films they are made by computers. There are computer programs to see statistically what people are more interested in, and they practice computer combinations in these things to try to have more viewers. ~ Miguel Gomes, #NFDB
458:At the global level, there are a growing number of city-based bike-sharing programs, that take advantage of mobile devices to reserve your bike, keep track of it, and collect data that helps to improve the service. ~ Lisa Gansky, #NFDB
459:Countries with high levels of atheism are . . . the most charitable both in terms of the percentage of their wealth they devote to social welfare programs and the percentage they give in aid to the developing world. ~ Sam Harris, #NFDB
460:fleeting fun. This is the kind of love celebrated in most movies, novels, television programs, and songs. You’ve been conditioned to value it above all else and have been told that it’s the only “authentic” love. ~ Gary L Thomas, #NFDB
461:It is time to recognize conventional MBA programs for what they are - or else to close them down. They are specialized training in the functions of business, not general educating in the practice of management. ~ Henry Mintzberg, #NFDB
462:ProPublica’s technology reporter Jeff Larson joined the bunker in London. A computer science graduate, Larson knew his stuff. Using diagrams, he could explain the NSA’s complex data-mining programs – no mean feat. ~ Luke Harding, #NFDB
463:We may casually talk of all sorts of new programs and 'stimulus,' but the vast trillion-dollar collective national debt and rising annual deficits will insidiously hamstring almost everything we plan to do. ~ Victor Davis Hanson, #NFDB
464:I think that the dark side of MFA programs is that they're generating more poets than the culture can absorb and there are more people writing poetry than possibly read it or can certainly earn a living around it. ~ Edward Hirsch, #NFDB
465:The ghosts of Rilke and Wordsworth--along with the 300+ MFA programs, which now seem to employ all Living Poets--have misled the American public egregiously into thinking that poets are morally pure and/or useless. ~ Katy Lederer, #NFDB
466:There is a report that says that kids who watch violent TV programs tend to be more violent when they grow up. But did the TV cause the violence, or do violent children preferentially enjoy watching violent programs? ~ Carl Sagan, #NFDB
467:To the contrary, I believe the U.S. military has already done all that has been asked of them. Saddam Hussein is on trial. The threat from alleged weapons of mass destruction programs in Iraq has been neutralized. ~ Peter DeFazio, #NFDB
468:Dieting is long-haul. Many rapid weight loss programs actually only squeeze the water out of you. Just like a wet sponge. But a good dieter maintains his or her grip on that sponge, not letting it soak up water again. ~ Owen Jones, #NFDB
469:Because of the way your brain will unconsciously duplicate neural activity of the person you're with, anyone you spend your time with can imprint your brain with their programs. And neither of you will know it is ~ Shad Helmstetter, #NFDB
470:That is part of our critique of some of the charity and service work is that we can still keep relationships at a distance by creating programs that offer services but we don't really create a reconciled community. ~ Shane Claiborne, #NFDB
471:The mission [of institution] won't change. It will continue to be what it is: to spread the practice of deep listening and introduce it to people, to do workshops and retreats and certification programs and so on. ~ Pauline Oliveros, #NFDB
472:In 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that minority set-aside programs in municipal contracts were unconstitutional. The court wondered if there were proof that people of color even want to receive municipal contracts. ~ Karen DeCrow, #NFDB
473:One of the principles we teach in our programs is "If you shoot for the stars, you'll at least hit the moon." Poor people don't even shoot for the ceiling in their house, and then they wonder why they're not successful. ~ T Harv Eker, #NFDB
474:The computer programmer is a creator of universes for which he alone is responsible. Universes of virtually unlimited complexity can be created in the form of computer programs.
~ Joseph Weizenbaum, Computer Power and Human Reason,#NFDB
475:Clapper has been straight and direct in the answers that he's given, and has actively engaged in an effort to provide more information about the programs that have been revealed through the leak of classified information. ~ Jay Carney, #NFDB
476:Government income redistribution programs produce the same result as theft. In fact, that's what a thief does; he redistributes income. The difference between government and thievery is mostly a matter of legality. ~ Walter E Williams, #NFDB
477:Object-oriented programming as it emerged in Simula 67 allows software structure to be based on real-world structures, and gives programmers a powerful way to simplify the design and construction of complex programs. ~ David Gelernter, #NFDB
478:What I have against M.B.A.s is the assumption that you come out of a two-year program probably never having been a manager - at least for full-time younger people M.B.A. programs - and assume you are ready to manage. ~ Henry Mintzberg, #NFDB
479:Everyone begins life as a free person. But as time passes, most people accept the prearranged programs and never stop to realize the freedom they possess. They accept standards and situations that are unsuitable to them. ~ Harry Browne, #NFDB
480:I'm constantly watching satirical news programs, and just - I never want to be in a situation where someone could yell out a topic and I will have absolutely no opinion on it whatsoever, or just not even know it exists. ~ Brad Williams, #NFDB
481:Repeating an affirmation several times a day keeps you focused on your goal, strengthens your motivation, and programs your subconscious by sending an order to your crew to do whatever it takes to make that goal happen. ~ Jack Canfield, #NFDB
482:The trick generally is to break programs into pieces and have those pieces be individually testable and so then when you move on to the other pieces you treat it as a black box knowing that it either works or doesn't work. ~ Bill Gates, #NFDB
483:Although it has been a carefully guarded secret by the watchdogs of the mainstream media, eugenics programs were never discontinued worldwide, with involuntary sterilization programs continuing in many countries to this day. ~ Jim Keith, #NFDB
484:The simplicity which is in Christ is rarely found among us. In its stead are programs, methods, organizations, and a world of nervous activities which occupy time and attention but can never satisfy the longing of the heart. ~ A W Tozer, #NFDB
485:When we have had in the past programs that have said that the people who come here illegally are going to get to stay illegally for the rest of their life, that's going to only encourage more people to come here illegally. ~ Mitt Romney, #NFDB
486:And then fourth, we have that essential group of people who track programs and budgets to ensure that they align with the needs of preparation and warning, counterintelligence and support to the operational war fighter. ~ Stephen Cambone, #NFDB
487:Can we really expect adequate funding for programs to clean up our environment and care for people's basic needs as long as the socially essential work of caretaking and cleaning is relegated to women for little or no pay? ~ Riane Eisler, #NFDB
488:I'm very involved in FIU. I'm class of '96 and my wife is class of '97. I'm a member of the foundation board. We talk about where the university is strategically and the evolution of programs for the near and distant future. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
489:Well, I think the president is going to do well in terms of his influence for positive change here in the Congress, making sure that we don't overspend, making sure that we spend for only those programs that are justified. ~ Thad Cochran, #NFDB
490:This is the universal property of the human mind. Abstract rules form the core of everything from computer programs to grammars. Our results show that babies' minds are built to look for such rules - even without being told. ~ Gary Marcus, #NFDB
491:Where fifty years before, a congressman’s standard move to get reelected was to talk about the programs he had voted for, nowadays it was to talk about what he had blocked, stopped, frustrated, investigated, or marginalized. ~ Buzz Aldrin, #NFDB
492:I always felt that the problems of the world would never ever be solved until people came to terms with the deeper issues [spiritual] - that there would be an aimless reshuffling of world leaders and governments and programs. ~ Woody Allen, #NFDB
493:I am climbing Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa this Summer as a personal physical goal for myself, but also as a way to bring on sponsors and raise awareness and funds to help benefit the programs and initiatives of Chefs for Humanity. ~ Cat Cora, #NFDB
494:I work with a lot of music programs and there's a steep learning curve to a lot of them. You can really find yourself trying to figure out how to do things, instead of making music. Now I have another tool with the Surface music kit. ~ Joe, #NFDB
495:One of our closest relatives in nature, the Bonobo ape, long ago learned what these programs prove: that female alliances are the key to safety. When a female Bonobo is bullied by a male, other females will chase him off. ~ Gavin de Becker, #NFDB
496:So you've got these regular, middle-class voters who don't hate the government as much as the Kochs do. They're Republicans, but they still want government programs. They want Social Security, they want Medicare. They need it. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
497:Chess programs don't play chess the way humans play chess. We don't really know how humans play chess, but one of the things we do is spot some opportunity on the chess board toward a move to capture the opponent's queen. ~ Stuart J Russell, #NFDB
498:I think the court will determine that the Faith-Based Initiative that the White House has instituted in the last five years is constitutional, in the context of allowing for broad-based programs to include religious providers. ~ Jay Sekulow, #NFDB
499:It is possible to point to hundreds, thousands, perhaps even millions of imaginative, courageous programs to reduce, recycle, and reuse - yet the overall trajectory of industrial civilization remains relatively unchanged. ~ Richard Heinberg, #NFDB
500:To finance 'entitlement' programs, the government threatens force against the taxpayers who provide the money. Why are people who favor compulsion called humanitarians, while those who favor freedom are stigmatized as greedy? ~ John Stossel, #NFDB
501:We need Olympic Games, international trade, educational exchange programs, free internet—anything that lets us meet across ethnic groups and country borders. We must take care of and strengthen our safety nets for world peace. ~ Hans Rosling, #NFDB
502:Most therapy programs do little more than provide psychopaths with new excuses and rationalizations for their behavior and new insights into human vulnerability. They may learn new and better ways of manipulating other people. ~ Robert D Hare, #NFDB
503:My mom was on welfare and the occasional food stamp, but I have never participated in any of those governmental programs, even the ones that kind of work like education, scholarships and whatever, and I managed to do just fine. ~ Adam Carolla, #NFDB
504:Rexford Guy Tugwell, one of the architects of Franklin Roosevelt’s policies of the 1930s, explained, “We didn’t admit it at the time, but practically the whole New Deal was extrapolated from programs that Hoover started.” To ~ Lawrence W Reed, #NFDB
505:We must promote upward mobility, starting with solutions that speak to our broken education system, broken immigration policy, and broken safety-net programs that foster dependency instead of helping people get back on their feet. ~ Paul Ryan, #NFDB
506:We must work to stabilize Social Security. We must not gamble with our nation's social insurance program, one of our most popular and effective federal programs that has remained dependable and stable for the past 70 years. ~ Grace Napolitano, #NFDB
507:If two programs respond in the same way to every possible action by the user, then they render the same environment; if they would respond perceptibly differently to even one possible action, they render different environments. ~ David Deutsch, #NFDB
508:Jokes and movies, comic books and professional wrestling, television shows and news programs—they all present dramatic interpretations of facts and fiction in the format of a narrative for the same reason we put chairs in cars. ~ David McRaney, #NFDB
509:The great allure of government programs in general for many people is that these programs allow decisions to be made without having to worry about the constraints of prices, which confront people at every turn in a free market. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
510:Welfare programs as instruments of manipulation ultimately serve the end of conquest. They act as an anesthetic, distracting the oppressed from the true causes of their problems and from the concrete solutions of these problems. ~ Paulo Freire, #NFDB
511:We’re no longer in the days where every program is super well crafted. But at the heart of the programs that make it to the top, you’ll find that the key internal code was done by a few people who really knew what they were doing. ~ Bill Gates, #NFDB
512:I am suggesting that we spend a little less time in idleness, in the fruitless pursuit of watching inane and empty television programs. Time so utilized can be put to better advantage, and the consequences will be wonderful. ~ Gordon B Hinckley, #NFDB
513:In fact, the greatest savings from wellness programs come from the penalties assessed on the workers. In other words, like scheduling algorithms, they provide corporations with yet another tool to raid their employees’ paychecks. ~ Cathy O Neil, #NFDB
514:I've had a long line of failed television programs, pilots that were never picked up, series that didn't go very long. I've learned that there's really nothing you can do. If it's not in my control, I try not to worry about it. ~ Nathan Fillion, #NFDB
515:Take Hispanic voters. They favor Democrats because they like the party's programs, from health care reform to government spending on education. It's not because the Republicans don't have a big enough Office of Hispanic Outreach. ~ Gail Collins, #NFDB
516:The simplicity which is in Christ is rarely found among us. In its stead are programs, methods, organizations and a world of nervous activity activities which occupy time and attention but can never satisfy the longing of the heart. ~ A W Tozer, #NFDB
517:Those who are troubled by our existing programs are not interested in a repeat of 9/11, and those who defend these programs are not dismissive of civil liberties. The challenge is getting the details right, and that's not simple. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
518:After investigating the government for more than two decades and authoring books on its secret programs, it’s been my experience that the government does whatever the hell it wants, whenever the hell it wants, and justifies it later. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
519:I don't know much about creative writing programs. But they're not telling the truth if they don't teach, one, that writing is hard work and, two, that you have to give up a great deal of life, your personal life, to be a writer. ~ Doris Lessing, #NFDB
520:In the developing world, it's about time that women are on the agenda. For instance, 80 percent of small-subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa are women, and yet all the programs in the past were predominantly focused on men. ~ Melinda Gates, #NFDB
521:There would not be enough talent that's educated, developed and ready to take on the next leadership challenge, and it would cap our growth. Now we've put programs in place not to have that happen, but that could be a weakness. ~ Kevin B Rollins, #NFDB
522:We need to understand the more government spends, the more freedom is lost...Instead of simply debating spending levels, we ought to be debating whether the departments, agencies, and programs funded by the budget should exist at all. ~ Ron Paul, #NFDB
523:An understanding of ordinary logic is no longer a required part of university degree programs, as was almost universally the case sixty years ago. Now, as a result, our world is full of uneducated people with higher degrees. They ~ Dallas Willard, #NFDB
524:I don't know much about creative writing programs. But they're not telling the truth if they don't teach, one, that writing is hard work, and, two, that you have to give up a great deal of life, your personal life, to be a writer. ~ Doris Lessing, #NFDB
525:The debt is being cynically exploited by the far right, with collusion of the Democrat establishment, to undermine what remains of social programs, public education, unions, and, in general, remaining barriers to corporate tyranny. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
526:We need 21st century programs. We have to change the dynamic because the world - we're not in the Industrial Revolution anymore, where you could leave high school, go work at the town factory for 50 years, and retire with a pension. ~ Marco Rubio, #NFDB
527:We need to preserve programs like Social Security and Medicare for our seniors of today and tomorrow. But we need to strengthen both Social Security and Medicare to make sure these programs are still available for future generations. ~ Joni Ernst, #NFDB
528:In many (most?) churches there are programs and activities... but so little worship. There are songs and anthems and musicals... but so little worship. There are announcements and readings and prayers... but so little worship. ~ Charles R Swindoll, #NFDB
529:It is abundantly clear that a total review of all intelligence programs is necessary so that members of the Senate Intelligence Committee are fully informed as to what is actually being carried out by the intelligence community. ~ Dianne Feinstein, #NFDB
530:(This is why it is so frustrating that funding for arts programs in schools has been decimated. And those cuts stem from a fundamental misconception that art classes are about learning to draw. In fact, they are about learning to see.) ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
531:All human beings, all persons who reach adulthood in the world today are programmed biocomputers. No one of us can escape our own nature as programmable entities. Literally, each of us may be our programs, nothing more, nothing less. ~ John C Lilly, #NFDB
532:But that isn’t why. The why is that none of it matters. Not school, not cheerleading, not boyfriends or friends or parties or creative writing programs or …” She waves her arms at the world. “It’s all just time filler until we die. ~ Jennifer Niven, #NFDB
533:Puerto Rico loses out on billions of dollars annually because it is treated unequally under a range of federal programs, including tax credits available to millions of households in the States that do not pay federal income taxes. ~ Pedro Pierluisi, #NFDB
534:Having visited Oxfam-funded school programs in rural communities has made me realise how vital education is to developing countries in bringing people out of poverty and giving them a sense of dignity, self-worth and confidence. ~ Scarlett Johansson, #NFDB
535:If you don't like the idea that most of the money spent on lottery tickets supports government programs, you should know that most of the earnings from mutual funds support investment advisors' and mutual fund managers' retirement. ~ Robert Kiyosaki, #NFDB
536:I'm just another guy who sits there day to day in the office, watching what's happening, and goes, 'This is something that's not our place to decide.' The public needs to decide whether these programs or policies are right or wrong. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
537:The computer programmer is a creator of universes for which he alone is responsible. Universes of virtually unlimited complexity can be created in the form of computer programs. — Joseph Weizenbaum, Computer Power and Human Reason ~ Marijn Haverbeke, #NFDB
538:The OECD estimates that poor countries lose three times as much to tax evasion as they receive in foreign aid.16 Measures against tax havens, for example, could potentially do far more good than well-meaning aid programs ever could. ~ Rutger Bregman, #NFDB
539:The goal of recruiting evangelists is to build a community around your product. Companies that have such communities include those in the following list. Take a look at what they do, and adapt their programs to your needs. Adobe groups ~ Guy Kawasaki, #NFDB
540:I think in terms of educating a group of readers, MFA programs are very good. I just think the model of MFA programs in which a young poet goes through the program, publishes a series of books, gets teaching jobs, that's a bit at risk. ~ Edward Hirsch, #NFDB
541:It's easy to measure success by the number of dollars spent or by the number of programs initiated, without having too much regard for what was bought and how useful it was to the people who need it - the war fighter and the analyst. ~ Stephen Cambone, #NFDB
542:I've been among their critics [MBA programs]. Much of what I've seen in business schools is quite non-rigorous. Anecdotal histories are stretched to illustrate favored slogans. Evidence of their effectiveness is similarly anecdotal. ~ Charles R Morris, #NFDB
543:Let us change our traditional attitude to the construction of programs. Instead of imagining that our main task is to instruct a computer what to do, let us concentrate rather on explaining to human beings what we want a computer to do. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
544:Are you limiting your leadership to empowerment? What programs have you instituted to supplement control with competence and clarity? Have you divested yourself of the attitude that you, as a corporate leader, will empower your staff? ~ L David Marquet, #NFDB
545:Early intervention programs enrich adverse family environments. The largest effects of the early intervention programs are on noncognitive traits. Now, what do I mean by that? I mean perseverance, motivation, self-esteem, and hard work. ~ James Heckman, #NFDB
546:I would argue that among musicians who work in technology today, the level of technological sophistication probably exceeds that of military programs, to be blunt. They are just really smart people attracted to making strange new sounds. ~ Jaron Lanier, #NFDB
547:Let us change our traditional attitude to the construction of programs. Instead of imagining that our main task is to instruct a computer what to do, let us concentrate rather on explaining to human beings what we want a computer to do. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
548:The majority of the high schools and the public schools in N.Y.C. don't even have band programs. Hip-hop in a lot of ways is an outgrowth of a lack of instruments and a desire to play music, so we can't really fault the kids for that. ~ Wynton Marsalis, #NFDB
549:The process of preparing programs for a digital computer is especially attractive, not only because it can economically and scientifically rewarding, but also because it can be an aesthetic experience much like composing poetry or music. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
550:Vaccination programs were instituted in the late 1930s, and the first handful of autistic babies were noted in the early 1940s. When vaccination programs were expanded after the war, the number of autistic children increased greatly. ~ Harris L Coulter, #NFDB
551:Voters who live off taxpayers are the Democrats' ace in the hole. The Democrats created big programs and never let the recipients forget it. This gives them an initial advantage of tens of millions of votes in any presidential election. ~ Joseph Sobran, #NFDB
552:We are spending millions, if not billions of dollars every year on programs to fight the childhood obesity epidemic while giving almost $2 billion of taxpayer money to the junk food and fast food industries to make the epidemic worse. ~ Dennis Kucinich, #NFDB
553:Biblically, a church does not consist of people who simply park and participate in programs alongside one another. Instead, the church is comprised of people who share the life of Christ with each other on a day-by-day, week-by-week basis. ~ David Platt, #NFDB
554:I didn't start acting until I was 27, and that was just through Gary Shandling and Ben Stiller who I knew through stand-up. And they both in the same year offered me parts on their programs which was unbelievably lucky and fortuitous. ~ Janeane Garofalo, #NFDB
555:I don't know what compassionate conservative means. Does it mean cutting kids out of after school programs, Does it mean drilling in the arctic wildlife refuge? Does it mean sending kids to Iraq without body armor that's state of the art? ~ John F Kerry, #NFDB
556:In contrast to those Hillary Clinton corresponded with, the author did not have the appropriate clearance or a legitimate need to know the information, which included notes of discussions with President Obama about very sensitive programs. ~ James Comey, #NFDB
557:Let us change our traditional attitude to the construction of programs: Instead of imagining that our main task is to instruct a computer what to do, let us concentrate rather on explaining to human beings what we want a computer to do. ~ Vikram Chandra, #NFDB
558:Processions, meetings, military parades, lectures, waxwork displays, film shows, telescreen programs all had to be organized; stands had to be erected, effigies built, slogans coined, songs written, rumours circulated, photographs faked. ~ George Orwell, #NFDB
559:Watch some television programs, or read some books in which vampyres are heroic and charming and sparkle in the daylight, and then return here and brace yourself for a return to a time that vampyres were things that went bump in the night. ~ Peter David, #NFDB
560:An ongoing challenge for Australia is ensuring equity of access to technology. Since the decline in federal funding, many schools are reverting to bring Your Own Device (BYOD) programs and this puts the onus back on families to fund devices. ~ Susan Mann, #NFDB
561:There are a lot of shows that have secrets and string people along and use the secrets of the narrative engine to keep people coming back every week. I don't know if those programs even have an answer. I don't know how they build their shows. ~ J H Wyman, #NFDB
562:There are programs such as the NSA paying RSA $10 million to use an insecure encryption standard by default in their products. That's making us more vulnerable not just to the snooping of our domestic agencies, but also foreign agencies. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
563:Told reporters Wednesday he can support a pathway to citizenship for some of the 11 million illegal immigrants in the U.S. and that he actually prefers it to a plan that would create a second-class of citizens through alternative programs. ~ Darrell Issa, #NFDB
564:Unfortunately, the (budget) does not . . . help Congress reform such programs as Medicaid and Medicare, which both grow at average rate of around 8 percent each year through 2015 and will continue to eat up more of the total federal budget. ~ John Cornyn, #NFDB
565:An increasing number of Canadians must juggle the demands of work with the need to care for children, or for family members who are ill or too frail to care for themselves. Our programs have simply not kept pace with these societal changes. ~ Kim Campbell, #NFDB
566:[Donald] Trump comes along and is singing a different song. He says, "I don't need your money; I'm rich enough on my own to run." And he says, "I think we need these programs." And, lo and behold, a lot of Republican voters liked what he said. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
567:Every year the Federal Government wastes billions of dollars as a result of overpayments of government agencies, misuse of government credit cards, abuse of the Federal entitlement programs, and the mismanagement of the Federal bureaucracy. ~ Chris Chocola, #NFDB
568:I got my first computer in the 6th grade or so. As soon as I got it, I was interested in finding out how it worked and how the programs worked and then figuring out how to write programs at just deeper and deeper levels within the system. ~ Mark Zuckerberg, #NFDB
569:Programs today get very fat; the enhancements tend to slow the program down because people put in special checks. When they want to add some feature, they’ll just stick in these checks without thinking about how they might slow the thing down. ~ Bill Gates, #NFDB
570:The eternal argument over so-called entitlement programs—and, more broadly, over liberal and conservative thought—will never be resolved because each side represents an ancient and absolutely essential component of our evolutionary past. ~ Sebastian Junger, #NFDB
571:(This is why it is so frustrating that funding for arts programs in schools has been decimated. And those cuts stem from a fundamental misconception that art classes are about learning to draw. In fact, they are about learning to see.) Whether ~ Ed Catmull, #NFDB
572:freedom from programs that steal your private data. Freedom from programs that trash your battery. Freedom from porn. Yep, freedom. The times they are a changin’, and some traditional PC folks feel like their world is slipping away. It is. ~ Walter Isaacson, #NFDB
573:I'm going to give away a lot more than half my money. I'd be happy to give that to the government if the government put together programs that were like I'm giving away to charity, in which I believe the money is effectively used to help people. ~ Ray Dalio, #NFDB
574:I will use whatever position I have in order to root out hypocrisy. Democrats have strong moral values. Frankly, my moral values are offended by some of the things I hear on programs like "Rush Limbaugh," and we don't have to put up with that. ~ Howard Dean, #NFDB
575:I would like to believe that crop circles are evidence of visitation. But there have been too many people who have admitted to creating these crop circles, and too many people who have shown how to make one on TV programs, so I have my doubts. ~ Michio Kaku, #NFDB
576:Most Georgia educators and advocates will tell you there are 180 school districts in the state. D JJ officials will eagerly correct you. The Georgia Preparatory Academy, the official name of D JJ educational programs, is school district No. 181. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
577:New York rushed to get students into early childhood programs, but the research is clear that it has to be high quality. What we are giving poor kids now in early childhood is nothing like what we are giving middle-class kids in most places. ~ Pedro Noguera, #NFDB
578:To collect photographs is to collect the world. Movies and television programs light up walls, flicker, and go out; but with still photographs the image is also an object, lightweight, cheap to produce, easy to carry about, accumulate, store. ~ Susan Sontag, #NFDB
579:When women were excluded from New Deal programs, Eleanor Roosevelt fought to include them. Roosevelt was among a handful of leaders who realized the US economy would not escape the depths of recession without the full contributions of women. ~ Lael Brainard, #NFDB
580:Qaanaaq was governed by a hundred thousand computer programs... but sometimes contradictory or irreconcilable mandates sparked a squabble that brought an agency's operations to a standstill until a human--or more likely--another AI intervened. ~ Sam J Miller, #NFDB
581:We can now see clearly why liberal arguments for social programs can make no sense at all to conservatives, whether they are arguments on the basis of compassion, fairness, wise investment, financial responsibility, or outright self-interest. ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
582:I don't think the folks in the low-tax states really want to go into a fairness discussion. Residents of Connecticut and New York would love to remind them how much they pay in federal taxes to support programs for Mississippi and South Dakota. ~ Gail Collins, #NFDB
583:If a democratic government must force a selfish and unwilling populace to help the poor, then government programs do not reflect the will of the people, and democracy is a lie, and we must get rid of it – or at least stop pretending to vote. ~ Stefan Molyneux, #NFDB
584:Recently, I was giving a speech and I said that it's time for many of us to "go home." Not necessarily to move back home but rather to go back to our communities and support those outreach programs and those people who could use our assistance. ~ Ernie Hudson, #NFDB
585:The truth was you can't continue to spend the kind of money our spending on all these entitlement programs. I think we need more people in public life who are willing to say, no, we can't afford certain things. No, we can't do certain things. ~ Chris Christie, #NFDB
586:As budget cuts cripple civilian agencies and programs, they lose their ability to perform ad they once did, so we look to the military to pick up the slack. . . . This requires still higher military budgets, which continues the devastating cycle. ~ Rosa Brooks, #NFDB
587:Families dropped out of programs, suffered through emergencies, had to move overnight. No one seemed surprised when a kid stayed out of school or didn't come to meals; no one asked where he or she was, as if missing stuff was just part of life. ~ Blue Balliett, #NFDB
588:however—only those in the current program.Option-closing a Safari window closes Safari windows, but your desktop windows remain open.Moreover, Option-closing doesn’t work at all in Microsoft Office programs. ) chapter 1: how the mac is different 29 ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
589:I barely slept during high school because I was too busy dancing and acting all the time. The plan was to go to my dream college that had one of the best performing arts programs, and then go to LA to follow my dream of being an actress. ~ Rachele Brooke Smith, #NFDB
590:I do a variety of activities like Pilates, bike riding, physical therapy, and running. I also train on the ice five to six days a week. On the ice, I work on my programs as a whole and the individual technical elements that comprise the programs. ~ Sasha Cohen, #NFDB
591:In fact, I had a series of offers which would have brought me a lot of money to make films and package TV programs. There were people who said to me, we'll put a million dollars in your bank account tomorrow, which is a hard thing to turn down. ~ Roone Arledge, #NFDB
592:My television teaches me that everything was wonderful in the Soviet Union. According to the programs I watch, the KGB and apparatchiks were angels, and the Stalin era was so festive that the heroes of the day must still be celebrated today. ~ Vladimir Sorokin, #NFDB
593:We might hope to change the world through better, bigger programs to stop global warming, but global warming will not end unless people become less greedy and less wasteful, gaining a fresh vision of what it means to love our global neighbor. ~ Shane Claiborne, #NFDB
594:Every time the Secretary of Defense tries to get a hand on his many intelligence programs, we hear warnings about the dire consequences to liberty. When you look behind those warnings, what you really see is the CIA trying to preserve its perks. ~ Mark Riebling, #NFDB
595:Given the devaluation of literature and of the study of foreign languages per se in the United States, as well as the preponderance of theory over text in graduate literature studies, creative writing programs keep literature courses populated. ~ Marilyn Hacker, #NFDB
596:I submit that what is harsh is continuing to encourage irresponsible behavior and generating a permanent underclass. We also simply cannot afford welfare programs for able-bodied people who make unwise choices and expect other people to pay for it. ~ Ben Carson, #NFDB
597:One can even conjecture that Lisp owes its survival specifically to the fact that its programs are lists, which everyone, including me, has regarded as a disadvantage. ~ John McCarthy, "History of Lisp," 12 February 1979; republished at www-formal.stanford.edu., #NFDB
598:Programmers are always surrounded by complexity; we cannot avoid it.... If our basic tool, the language in which we design and code our programs, is also complicated, the language itself becomes part of the problem rather than part of its solution. ~ Tony Hoare, #NFDB
599:When the New Deal programs were passed in the mid 1930s, millions of workers were joining unions, striking, and occupying factories to fight for a better life. It was this radical labor movement that forced the establishment to make concessions. ~ Kshama Sawant, #NFDB
600:Coercion is as much the tool of the welfare state as it is of communism. The programs and edicts of both are backed by the police force. All of us know this to be true under communism, but it is equally true under our own brand of welfare statism. ~ Leonard Read, #NFDB
601:... far more people make a living as professional chess players today than ever before. Thanks partly to the availability of computer programs and online matches, there has been a mini-boom in chess interest among young people in many countries. ~ Kenneth Rogoff, #NFDB
602:The Children's programs generally sounded interesting, such as ‘How to Be a Werewolf’. Well, how do you be a werewolf? Except that I am no longer a child, I would have attended this program and learned how to be a werewolf, and I would be one now. ~ R A Lafferty, #NFDB
603:The United Nations is actually a mid-20th century institution and much weaker than it was when it was originally created, because governments themselves are less capable of implementing the kind of promises or programs that they have put forward. ~ Mary Robinson, #NFDB
604:This was not, of course, the first time that significant monies were spent on military programs. Kennedy knew, if only implicitly, that while bravery may win battles, science and technology provide security. Science and technology win wars. ~ Neil deGrasse Tyson, #NFDB
605:We consider it vital that the community of nations be drawn together in an orderly, disciplined, rational way to review the history of our global environment, to assess the potential for future climate change, and to develop effective programs. ~ George H W Bush, #NFDB
606:Having a kind heart, you care about everybody else. You don't eat everything. Don't be a big. People in the community, be nice. As coaches, we want to see guys develop those kind of things, take those things with them when they leave our programs. ~ John Calipari, #NFDB
607:The best way to prepare [to be a programmer] is to write programs, and to study great programs that other people have written. In my case, I went to the garbage cans at the Computer Science Center and I fished out listings of their operating systems. ~ Bill Gates, #NFDB
608:The principal lesson of Emacs is that a language for extensions should not be a mere "extension language". It should be a real programming language, designed for writing and maintaining substantial programs. Because people will want to do that! ~ Richard Stallman, #NFDB
609:To call up a demon you must learn its name. Men dreamed that, once, but now it is real in another way. You know that, Case. Your business is to learn the names of programs, the long formal names, names the owners seek to conceal. True names . . . ~ William Gibson, #NFDB
610:When you start one of these programs, school lunch programs, in a country that heretofore had nothing of that kind, immediately school enrollment jumps dramatically. Girls and boys get to the classroom with the promise of a good meal once a day. ~ George McGovern, #NFDB
611:Whereas Google envisages an era of machine dominance through artificial intelligence, you will rule your machines, and they will serve you as intelligent, willing slaves. You will be the “oracle” that programs your life and dictates to your tools. ~ George Gilder, #NFDB
612:Consumer spending is now plunging at serious-recession rate ... even if the rescue now in train succeeds in unfreezing credit markets, the real economy has immense downward momentum. In addition to financial rescues, we need major stimulus programs. ~ Paul Krugman, #NFDB
613:It is not entirely true that a TV producer or reporter has complete control over the contents of programs. The interests and inclinations of the audience have as much to do with the what is on television as do the ideas of the producer and reporter. ~ Neil Postman, #NFDB
614:I used to want to be a computer programmer when I was younger. We got an Apple II Plus when I was, like, 11 and I wrote programs and BASIC on that, like I think a lot of people did, but I have no idea how to program in the current languages at all. ~ Chris Parnell, #NFDB
615:My dear, you never will understand time, will you? You're always trying to be the things you were, instead of the person you are tonight. Why do you save those ticket stubs and theater programs? They'll only hurt you later. Throw them away, my dear. ~ Ray Bradbury, #NFDB
616:Quality takes time and reduces quantity, so it makes you, in a sense, less efficient. The efficiency-optimized organization recognizes quality as its enemy. That's why many corporate Quality Programs are really Quality Reduction Programs in disguise. ~ Tom DeMarco, #NFDB
617:If there are political programs on TV, yet it takes an artist to actually energize political debate, that tells you something really quite frightening about the level of the political debate happening on mainstream channels - right-wing-biased mothers. ~ Thom Yorke, #NFDB
618:If you are going to spend for one group, you have to spend the same for every group, just like if you tax one group you have to tax everybody. You have to go back to having more general laws, more general taxes and more general spending programs. ~ James M Buchanan, #NFDB
619:Nothing new to report. Probably an entertainment program starting its broadcast. This world Earth was inundated with entertainment programs. Having few real worries of their own, in Pruit’s view, the natives delighted in make-believe ones. Earth ~ Arwen Elys Dayton, #NFDB
620:The urge to help Hispanic immigrants in the 1980s led to multicultural education programs that emphasized the differences among Americans rather than their shared values and identity. Emphasizing differences makes many people more racist, not less. ~ Jonathan Haidt, #NFDB
621:Governments allocate enormous resources for social programs. And it is true that for many years we have had one of the best social service systems in the world. Yet we are still incapable of meeting the needs of tens of thousands of Canadian families. ~ Kim Campbell, #NFDB
622:With regard to how I chose Pacifica, my story is interesting. I did not go to Pacifica to specifically become a therapist. I went to Pacifica to study Jungian psychology and archetypes and mythology and there were many different programs there. ~ Kelly Carlin McCall, #NFDB
623:Good home-school educational plans have the kids in groups with other children often and consistently. Because common sense dictates that isolating people is never good and home-schooled children really benefit from being in those type of programs. ~ Rosalind Wiseman, #NFDB
624:I think the MFA programs have had a real effect on the state of American fiction, but I don't think it's a question of "this is written by someone with an MFA, and this isn't." I challenge anyone to identify a book in that way. It's totally impossible. ~ Chad Harbach, #NFDB
625:Research and development needs permanent tax credits to build the technology that spurs our growth. But no government programs alone can get America's students to study more science and math parents must push and help their children to meet this goal. ~ Ernest Istook, #NFDB
626:The urge to help Hispanic immigrants in the 1980s led to multicultural education programs that emphasized the differences among Americans rather than their shared values and identity. Emphasizing differences makes many people more racist, not less.74 ~ Jonathan Haidt, #NFDB
627:Raising the minimum wage may poll well, but having a job that pays $10 an hour is not the American Dream. And our current government programs, offer at best only a partial solution. They help people deal with poverty, but they do not help them escape it. ~ Marco Rubio, #NFDB
628:Yet between 1972 and 2011—that is, after major civil rights gains, as well as the implementation of Great Society programs—it barely declined, from 32 percent to 28 percent, and remained three times the white rate, which is about what it was in 1972.20 ~ Jason L Riley, #NFDB
629:I have nothing else to say other than I wasn't corrupt, unfair, or greedy. I was smart when it came to making decisions for my company, and I wasn't greedy. I gave to others in charity and donated money to fund programs. I have nothing else to say. ~ John D Rockefeller, #NFDB
630:Learning improves in school environments where there are comprehensive music and arts programs. They increase the ability of young people to do math. They increase the ability of young people to read. And most important of all, they're a lot of fun. ~ William J Clinton, #NFDB
631:As in the case of California, the wolf is at the door of America and the present administration acts as if it's a pussycat. America cannot maintain the present entitlement programs and support a government this size and keep on living on a credit card. ~ Charlie Daniels, #NFDB
632:Do you see, being here with me, or during the Isha Yoga programs, there have been many moments of awareness? This is the beginning of freedom. Your business is just to establish that, not to bother about your karma. Let the karmas go wherever they want to go. ~ Sadhguru, #NFDB
633:Given the best of all possible worlds, I would make a few changes. I would place emphasis on increasing the amount of funding that goes into programs like Pell Grants, that purely and simply award funds to students who really cannot afford full tuition. ~ Charles M Vest, #NFDB
634:We resort to a series of programs and practices like job rotation, reverse evaluation, and self-management. They’re intended to help people tap their reservoir of talent and to preclude the need for weeding out. We never assume there are weeds among us. ~ Ricardo Semler, #NFDB
635:Either order in the cosmos is real, or all is chaos. If we are adrift in chaos, then the fragile egalitarian doctrines and emancipating programs of the revolutionary reformers have no significance; for in a vortex of chaos, only force and appetite signify. ~ Russell Kirk, #NFDB
636:In all, 62 percent of the budget cuts would come from low-income programs. Yet at the same time, the Republican budget would provide a substantial tax cut to the rich—who are already taking home an almost unprecedented share of the nation’s total income. ~ Robert B Reich, #NFDB
637:"Kill the imagination and you kill the soul. Kill the soul and you're left with a listless, apathetic creature who can become hopeless or brutal or both. The tax money that is being withdrawn from arts programs in schools will be spent on prisons." ~ Marion Woodman, Bone, #NFDB
638:Liberalism had come to mean spending more on everything-speech police, failed poverty programs that reward dependence, a bigger nanny state telling us we cannot eat fatty foods, workplace roles that stifle opportunity, and absurd environmental regulations. ~ John Stossel, #NFDB
639:We need to have mentoring programs energized by government, paid for by government, but who exist not because of government. Teen Challenge is a way to get people off drugs and alcohol. Teen Challenge is a faith-based program that changes people's hearts. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
640:Cosgrove has perceptively pointed out that the programmer delivers satisfaction of a user need rather than any tangible product. And both the actual need and the user's perception of that need will change as programs are built, tested, and used.[3] ~ Frederick P Brooks Jr, #NFDB
641:Founded when Abraham Lincoln believed education could lead the nation out of its darkest days, Ohio State now provides a powerful platform of interdisciplinary academic programs, world-class scholars, outstanding students, and extensive research capabilities. ~ Gordon Gee, #NFDB
642:I have serious concerns about whether it's prudent to give any foreign country substantial leverage over the U.S. economy. Instead of spending $80 billion on important programs here at home, we're sending this money overseas just to pay interest on our debt. ~ Tim Johnson, #NFDB
643:Securing, not prohibiting, the orderly transfer of wealth from A to B, based on wealth differentials, is the raison d'être of the [New Deal programs]. The contrast between the modern progressive and classical liberal agendas could not be more explicit. ~ Richard A Epstein, #NFDB
644:"Thanks," many small businesspeople are saying, "but no thanks. Forget the government credits and loan programs, and just get rid of all the bureaucratic red tape and high taxes which make it hard to build businesses, hire employees and meet our payroll." ~ Oliver DeMille, #NFDB
645:The real achievement of faith-based initiatives was not to launch flashy programs or even to buy votes for Republicans; it was to open the door for religious groups to the whole treasure house of federal social-services funding, tens of billions of dollars. ~ Jeff Sharlet, #NFDB
646:The Violence Against Women Act has been a true bipartisan success story since it was first enacted in 1994. In my home state of Texas alone, its programs have helped hundreds of thousands of victims to break free from the terrible cycle of domestic violence. ~ John Cornyn, #NFDB
647:But I would much prefer students going to college to learn and be prepared for the rigors of the new economic order, rather than dumping fees on them to subsidize football programs that, far from enhancing the academic mission instead make a mockery of it. ~ Buzz Bissinger, #NFDB
648:The imperial projects will continue, Wall Street will be unimpeded in its malfeasance and criminal activity, social programs will continue to be cut, maybe not at the same speed as under a Republican Administration, but it's all headed in the same direction. ~ Chris Hedges, #NFDB
649:the New Deal, which created a large number of government jobs and social transfer programs, was a costly and useless sham. Saving capitalism did not require a welfare state or a tentacular government: the only thing necessary was a well-run Federal Reserve. ~ Thomas Piketty, #NFDB
650:For states in demographic decline with ever more lavish social programs, the question is a simple one: Can they get real? Can they grow up before they grow old? If not, then they'll end their days in societies dominated by people with a very different worldview. ~ Mark Steyn, #NFDB
651:Indigenous programs and policy will come within the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet because Indigenous policy and programs should not be an add - on, they should not be an afterthought, but they should be at the heart of a good Australian Government. ~ Yitzhak Rabin, #NFDB
652:Sometimes a party must sail against the wind. We cannot heed the call of those who say it is time to furl the sail. The party that tore itself apart over Vietnam in the 1960s cannot afford to tear itself apart today over budget cuts in basic social programs. ~ Edward Kennedy, #NFDB
653:So virtuous are the programs said to be - pensions for the elderly, compensation for the unemployed, medicine for the sick, and assistance for the disabled - few dare ring the alarm of looming economic catastrophe that threatens to destabilize the civil society. ~ Mark Levin, #NFDB
654:Securing, not prohibiting, the orderly transfer of wealth from A to B, based on wealth differentials, is the raison d'être of the [New Deal programs]. The contrast between the modern progressive and classical liberal agendas could not be more explicit. ~ Richard Allen Epstein, #NFDB
655:The serenity prayer—made famous by Alcoholics Anonymous and other twelve-step programs—captures this idea beautifully: God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference. ~ Kristin Neff, #NFDB
656:To call up a demon you must learn its name. Men dreamed that, once, but now it is real in another way. You know that, Case. Your business is to learn the names of programs, the long formal names, names the owners seek to conceal. True names...
~ William Gibson, Neuromancer,#NFDB
657:Universal housing programs have been successfully implemented all over the developed world. In countries that have such programs, every single family with an income below a certain level who meets basic program requirements has a right to housing assistance. ~ Matthew Desmond, #NFDB
658:Again and again, universities have put a low priority on the very programs and initiatives that are needed most to increase productivity and competitiveness, improve the quality of government, and overcome the problems of illiteracy, miseducation, and unemployment. ~ Derek Bok, #NFDB
659:I think the Republican budget priorities are messed up. I salute for the way they're attacking some of the entitlement programs, but they are taking huge cuts, by pretending they're just block-granting it to the states, out of Medicaid, from the least fortunate. ~ David Brooks, #NFDB
660:It's critical how we want to use these spy programs, these electronic capabilities, where we want to draw the line, and who should approve these programs, these decisions, and at what level, for engaging in operations that could lead us as a nation into a war. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
661:The stock image of the early twentieth century, the "Negro" minstrel, a rural simpleton, the journalist Barbara Ehrenreich notes, has now been upgraded, whitened, and continued in such television programs as Duck Dynasty and Here Comes Honey Boo Boo. ~ Arlie Russell Hochschild, #NFDB
662:The Vedic viewpoint presents a type of linguistic realism in which reality is the 'text' which is being processed by the observer. Reality can also be modified by adding text to it similar to how a programmer programs a computer by inputting a computer program. ~ Ashish Dalela, #NFDB
663:Every reader should ask himself periodically 'Toward what end, toward what end?' -- but do not ask it too often lest you pass up the fun of programming for the constipation of bittersweet philosophy.
~ Harold Abelson, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, #index,#NFDB
664:Along with libertarians such as Milton Friedman, an especially influential economist, they pointed with alarm at the dramatic increase in the number of government programs, bureaucracies, and employees that the Kennedy and Johnson administrations had created. ~ James T Patterson, #NFDB
665:I considered bringing forward information about these surveillance programs prior to the election, but I held off because I believed that [Barack] Obama was genuine when he said he was going to change things. I wanted to give the democratic process time to work. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
666:It is a mistake to think that programmers wares are programs. Programmers have to produce trustworthy solutions and present it in the form of cogent arguments. Programs source code is just the accompanying material to which these arguments are to be applied to. ~ Edsger Dijkstra, #NFDB
667:Many family planning clinics and - and programs that service women have refused now to take women's - United State's money because they feel that it would be unethical, and it could injure their clients even more, their patients even more. That has to be changed. ~ Eleanor Smeal, #NFDB
668:Much of my work has come from being lazy. I didn't like writing programs, and so, when I was working on the IBM 701 (an early computer), writing programs for computing missile trajectories, I started work on a programming system to make it easier to write programs. ~ John Backus, #NFDB
669:Since the goal of my programs is to show audiences how humor can both help them heal as well as deal with not-so-funny stuff, I decided to discuss the events of the previous week, the pain all of us were feeling, and how humor and some laughter might be beneficial. ~ Allen Klein, #NFDB
670:Technology must be implemented as part of a thoughtful, holistic approach to education transformation that includes teacher training, relevant curricula, parental involvement, and programs for children that fill unmet needs for basics like nutrition and health care. ~ Bill Gates, #NFDB
671:He was looking for programs on which he might be allowed to appear. But it was too early in the evening for programs that allowed people with peculiar opinions to speak out. It was only a little after eight o'clock, so all the shows were about silliness or murder. ~ Kurt Vonnegut, #NFDB
672:It's hard to believe that, in the 1970's, America was virtually hunger-free. During the past two decades, we have allowed hunger to attack our most precious resource, our children. We must reinstate and strengthen programs to eliminate this blight on our society. ~ Kurtwood Smith, #NFDB
673:Some children lack tools to see their course in the world in far-sighted ways. Just introducing school vouchers won't change that. You have to have nurse-home partnerships, early childhood education, mentoring programs and so on. People learn from people they love. ~ David Brooks, #NFDB
674:I have met bright students in computer science who have never seen the source code of a large program. They may be good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the different skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have done it. ~ Richard Stallman, #NFDB
675:In 2004, the U.S. National Research Council released a report reaching this same conclusion: “It is the committee’s view that the theory underlying gun buy-back programs is badly flawed and the empirical evidence demonstrates the ineffectiveness of these programs. ~ John R Lott Jr, #NFDB
676:Policies change, and programs change, according to time.But objective never changes. You might change your method of achieving the objective, but the objective never changes. Our objective is complete freedom, complete justice, complete equality, by any means necessary ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
677:Anyway, it's a good thing we're human. We design business spreadsheets, paint programs, and word processing equipment. So that tells you where we're at as a species. What is the search for the next great compelling application but a search for the human identity? ~ Douglas Coupland, #NFDB
678:I have six sisters and two beautiful daughters - that's eight women who mean the world to me. I support the Entertainment Industry Foundation and Lee National Denim Day because they fund programs that are making huge strides in breast cancer research and support. ~ Felicity Huffman, #NFDB
679:It is hard to be enthusiastic about the economy's prospects when house prices are falling: Households spend less, small business owners can't use homes as collateral for loans and local governments are forced to cut jobs and programs as property-tax revenue disappears. ~ Mark Zandi, #NFDB
680:Make use of radio, TV and films discriminatively; only for programs that will enhance our knowledge and culture. Television is tele-visham (tele-poison, in Malayalam). If we are not careful, it can corrupt our culture, damage our eyes and drain away our time. ~ Mata Amritanandamayi, #NFDB
681:The United States Administration for Children and Families (ACF) spends $46 billion per year operating 65 different social programs. If one goes down the list of these programs… the need for each is either created or exacerbated by the breakup of families and marriages. ~ Wade Horn, #NFDB
682:I read papers, try to watch news programs on television, but, as a rule, recorded. During the day I have no time for that, so I watch something taped. As for the newspapers, I try to get through them every day. Additionally, of course, I look through news bulletins. ~ Vladimir Putin, #NFDB
683:Regular users know nothing about program languages or varying exchange protocols. They just want the thing to run. So Microsoft invented a way to bundle executable programs and data, the DLL, that allows them to be smoothly exchanged by computers on different networks. ~ Mark Bowden, #NFDB
684:[T]he vast regulatory structure the federal government has erected in the name of the commerce power cannot be ended overnight, in many cases, but the pretense that such programs are constitutional can be ended, even as the programs themselves are phased out over time. ~ Roger Pilon, #NFDB
685:And most big data programs do a poor job of identifying which correlations are more or less likely to be spurious. The use of big data to draw inferences that should be evaluated and tested is often neglected in favor of using big data to produce real-time transactions— ~ Alec J Ross, #NFDB
686:Before this learning experience, I had assumed that with regard to programs that sought to help people out of poverty, the political world was essentially divided into two camps: conservatives who opposed these for a variety of reasons, and liberals who supported them. ~ Barney Frank, #NFDB
687:Congress is thinking about eliminating a federal program under which scientists broadcast signals to Alien beings. This would be a large mistake. Alien beings have atomic blaster death cannons. You cannot cut off their federal programs as if they were merely poor people. ~ Dave Barry, #NFDB
688:For the most part neoconservatives are people who were once liberals but sobered up. The neoliberal is one who has always been a liberal but now replaces the sentimental pieties with brusque slogans ("High-Tech!") and unpronounceable programs. All else stays the same. ~ Emmett Tyrrell, #NFDB
689:My family and our neighbors and friends thought of Africa and its Africans as extensions of the stereotyped characters that we saw in movies and on television in films such as 'Tarzan' and in programs such as 'Ramar of the Jungle' and 'Sheena, Queen of the Jungle.' ~ Henry Louis Gates, #NFDB
690:My priority is to turn people - especially kids - on to sports and being active so they don't even have to think about it being good for their health. If people participate for the fun of it, and believe me - it is fun, then fitness programs will be much more successful. ~ Alan Thicke, #NFDB
691:We have been teaching together [with Kaz] now for more than twenty years in sesshins, in international travel programs in Japan and China, as well as intensives on Buddhism that focus on the work of Zen Master Dogen and Ryokan, as well as on many of the Mahayana sutras. ~ Joan Halifax, #NFDB
692:My generation knew pretty well what happened 50 years before our birth. Now I follow all the quiz programs because they are a paramount example of the span of memory of the young generation - they are able to remember everything that happened in their life but not before. ~ Umberto Eco, #NFDB
693:Social welfare is destroying the soul of America. Social programs are cancers growing within the spirit of the people they were created to serve. Social programs do not make people stronger. They keep people weak, depending on the government to solve their problems. ~ Robert T Kiyosaki, #NFDB
694:Taxing the rich to fund the poorly managed government programs is simply a self-destructive decision: It does nothing more than move money and investment decisions away from proven moneymakers (read: job producers) to Washington amateurs. In both cases, American's lose. ~ T J Rodgers, #NFDB
695:The gospel we teach most effectively is the one that we embody and walk out before our children, not the gospel that trips easily off our tongue. Our children learn less from the rules we outline or the programs we follow than from the lives we live before them. ~ Leslie Leyland Fields, #NFDB
696:We draft mostly high school kids and we have one of the finest, if not the finest, player development programs and coaching staffs and we teach our players the right way to play. We also have a game plan in scouting, and there are certain types of players that we look for. ~ Roy Clarke, #NFDB
697:Right now we are in an age of religious complexity. The simplicity which is in Christ is rarely found among us. In its stead are programs, methods, organizations and a world of nervous activities which occupy time and attention but can never satisfy the longing of the heart. ~ A W Tozer, #NFDB
698:The museums used to be exhibition halls for government propaganda, and now every city wants to build a museum. A few thousand are to be built in the next few years, all using taxpayer money. But there is no system, no research, no content, no good programs, no good managers. ~ Ai Weiwei, #NFDB
699:The programs that came to be known as the New Deal were not simply handed down by the benevolence of FDR and the Democrats. They were fought for. And in the 1960s, it was the similar. You had incredible movements against Jim Crow, poverty and the Vietnam War in the 1960s. ~ Kshama Sawant, #NFDB
700:Even if every program were educational and every advertisement bore the seal of approval of the American Dental Association, we would still have a critical problem. It's not just the programs but the act of watching television hour after hour after hour that's destructive. ~ Ellen Goodman, #NFDB
701:On Capitol Hill, the Republican-controlled House voted mostly along party lines tonight to pass President Bush's federal budget blueprint. This includes his big tax cut plan, partly bankrolled, critics say, through cuts in many federal aid programs for children and education. ~ Dan Rather, #NFDB
702:But when others suggested that the poor should not simply be the objects of these programs but also the subjects - that they should be actively involved in shaping the programs, making decisions about how to spend the money etc. - some of the previous supporters reconsidered. ~ Barney Frank, #NFDB
703:The GAO just released a report that said 22 percent of federal programs fail to meet their objectives. The truth is we don't know how taxpayer money is spent in Washington, D.C., which is why I think we ought to put every agency budget up on the Internet for everyone to see. ~ Carly Fiorina, #NFDB
704:We believe that if you put in place the mechanisms that allow for personal choice as far as Medicare is concerned, as well as the programs in Medicaid, that we can actually get to a better result and do what most Americans are learning how to do, which is to do more with less. ~ Eric Cantor, #NFDB
705:England has the most sordid literary scene I've ever seen. They all meet in the same pub. This guy's writing a foreword for this person. They all have to give radio programs, they have to do all this just in order to scrape by. They're all scratching each other's backs. ~ William S Burroughs, #NFDB
706:I think 12-step programs really work, rehab really works, certain types of therapies and talking to other addicts really work. There are a lot of things that work - that isn't the problem. The problem is getting the addicts to say they're addicts. The problem is admitting it. ~ Susan Cheever, #NFDB
707:One of the best ways to ruin a program is to make massive changes to its structure in the name of improvement. Some programs never recover from such “improvements.” The problem is that it’s very hard to get the program working the same way it worked before the “improvement. ~ Robert C Martin, #NFDB
708:We have in this country a federal government that increasingly is engaged in trying to determine which business, which regions, which industries will succeed, which will not through a whole range of economic development, regional development corporate subsidization programs. ~ Stephen Harper, #NFDB
709:Commenting on paternity establishment programs: What these millions of children want and need is not a name on a form or a promise that the sheriff will arrest these guys if they don't pay child support. What they want and need is in-the-home, love-the-mother fathers,. . . ~ David Blankenhorn, #NFDB
710:The message had come during “The Golden Girls,” one of Crowley’s favorite television programs. Rose had taken ten minutes to deliver what could have been quite a brief communication, and by the time non-infernal service was restored Crowley had quite lost the thread of the plot. ~ Neil Gaiman, #NFDB
711:Haiti is always talking about decentralization and nothing has been so obvious, perhaps a weakness, as the centralized nature of Haitian society as being revealed by the earthquake. I mean, they lost all these medical training programs because they didn't have them anywhere else. ~ Paul Farmer, #NFDB
712:Most major domestic programs got more money this year, and they're used to reflect the priorities of the upcoming year. One good example is, the Secret Service is getting $268 extra dollars because it's a presidential election year and the agency's going to be under more demands. ~ Susan Davis, #NFDB
713:One American in seven has no coverage, and one in three younger than sixty-five will lose coverage at some point in the next two years. These are people who aren't poor or old enough to qualify for government programs but whose jobs aren't good enough to provide benefits either. ~ Atul Gawande, #NFDB
714:I believe in infrastructure, I believe in investing in your hard assets. Where I think government starts to fail is when it starts getting itself weighed down with the social programs. And I think the American public just feels like a lot of that money is tossed aside and wasted. ~ Mick Cornett, #NFDB
715:I often quote Ronald Reagan, who is pretty close to my favorite President ever, I will have to say that, but one of my favorite remarks he ever made was that when you look at Federal programs, there is nothing so close to eternal life on Earth as a Federal Government program. ~ Marsha Blackburn, #NFDB
716:My final question: Why are we not looking at moving out onto the sea? Why do we have programs to build a habitation on Mars and we have programs to look at colonizing the Moon but we do not have a program looking at how we colonize our own planet, and the technology is at hand! ~ Robert Ballard, #NFDB
717:I went to really good New York City public schools that had arts programs. So in junior high, I got into the drama department. From there, I went to a performing arts high school in New York City called Laguardia and I just kind of fell into the professional side by happenstance. ~ Merritt Wever, #NFDB
718:Load your bookshelves with the best literature you can find. Hang beautiful, thought-provoking art work around your house. Watch history and science documentaries as well as good movies and television programs. Listen to beautiful music (which, of course, is open to interpretation). ~ Emily Cook, #NFDB
719:Many studies have shown that athletes will continue to get in better shape from exercise until they start exercising too much.3 When that happens, they actually begin gaining weight. The reason is that overtraining elevates cortisol4 levels, and cortisol turns on the FAT Programs.5 ~ Jon Gabriel, #NFDB
720:Presumably, these agents are still too primitive to have any moral status. But how confident can we really be that this is so? More importantly, how confident can we be that we will know to stop in time, before our programs become capable of experiencing morally relevant suffering? ~ Nick Bostrom, #NFDB
721:And the same goes for government benefits. The Center for Immigration Studies estimates that 62 percent of households headed by illegal immigrants use some form of cash or non-cash welfare programs like food stamps or housing assistance. Tremendous costs, by the way, to our country. ~ Donald Trump, #NFDB
722:Because the church is a formal organization made up of policies, programs, practices, and people, it cannot by itself give a person any deep, permanent security or sense of intrinsic worth. Living the principles taught by the church can do this, but the organization alone cannot. ~ Stephen R Covey, #NFDB
723:China, of course, gains access to commodities, but host countries get the loans to finance infrastructure developmental programs in their economies, they get to trade (creating incomes for their domestic citizenry), and they get investments that can support much-needed job creation. ~ Dambisa Moyo, #NFDB
724:For the past three years, the Senate intelligence committee has avoided carrying out its oversight of our nation's intelligence programs whenever the White House becomes uncomfortable with the questions being asked. The very independence of this committee is called into question. ~ Jay Rockefeller, #NFDB
725:I'm not Pollyanna - I know that my personality and my opinions and how I approach the teaching of writing maybe isn't exactly how it's done traditionally in the academy...wherever that academy is...but, you know, the academy is broken as it relates to many creative writing programs. ~ Tod Goldberg, #NFDB
726:When the dominant media invites the torturers on their programs to defend the nature of torture and then label that as "just another position," these media apparatuses have really sunken into hell. They've become something really vile and despicable. And yet they do it with a smile. ~ Henry Giroux, #NFDB
727:Dr. C. informs me that, in technical terminology, Hal became trapped in a Hofstadter–Moebius loop, a situation apparently not uncommon among advanced computers with autonomous goal-seeking programs. He suggests that for further information you contact Professor Hofstadter himself. ~ Arthur C Clarke, #NFDB
728:Giving the kids a programming environment of any sort, whether it's a tool like Squeak or Scratch or Logo to write programs in a childish way - and I mean that in the most generous sense of the word, that is, playing with and building things - is one of the best ways to learn. ~ Nicholas Negroponte, #NFDB
729:I'd say that my profession ends where architectural thinking ends - architectural thinking in terms of thinking about programs and organizational structure. These abstractions play a role in many other disciplines, and those disciplines are now defining their 'architectures' as well. ~ Rem Koolhaas, #NFDB
730:The talented employee may join a company because of its charismatic leaders, its generous benefits, and its world-class training programs, but how long that employee stays and how productive he is while he is there is determined by his relationship with his immediate supervisor. ~ Marcus Buckingham, #NFDB
731:What’s clear is that we need business leaders who envision, and enact, a future with more jobs—not billionaires who want the government to fund, with taxes they avoid, social programs for people to sit on their couches and watch Netflix all day. Jeff, show some real fucking vision. ~ Scott Galloway, #NFDB
732:Being on stage is so much fun and enjoyable. Because it’s a lot of fun, we work really hard on music programs and our eyes automatically open up. Because this is where I’m most confident and where I’m at my best, I found a way to enjoy all of it. And I’m still searching for more ways. ~ Kim Tae yeon, #NFDB
733:It's certainly a loss for us here at the University of Washington, because Jeff Compher has been a wonderful friend and administrator. Jeff is a football man first, but he has the compassion and desire to make all of Northern Illinois' programs successful. He's one heck of a guy. ~ Tyrone Willingham, #NFDB
734:Learning algorithms are the seeds, data is the soil, and the learned programs are the grown plants. The machine-learning expert is like a farmer, sowing the seeds, irrigating and fertilizing the soil, and keeping an eye on the health of the crop but otherwise staying out of the way. ~ Pedro Domingos, #NFDB
735:Programming, it turns out, is hard. The fundamental rules are typically simple and clear. But programs built on top of these rules tend to become complex enough to introduce their own rules and complexity. You’re building your own maze, in a way, and you might just get lost in it. ~ Marijn Haverbeke, #NFDB
736:So I would not be surprised if the globbing libraries, for example, will do NFD-mangling in order to glob "correctly", so even programs ported from real Unix might end up getting pathnames subtly changed into NFD as part of some hot library-on-library action with UTF hackery inside. ~ Linus Torvalds, #NFDB
737:Systems are corporate funded mechanisms for increasing efficiency; programs are user funded mechanisms for increasing effectiveness. Programs should generally be charged back to users, systems should never be. Allocating corporate overhead to the operating units is simply a mistake. ~ Geoffrey Moore, #NFDB
738:That’s what high school does for you: gives you some art and music and history so that even if you spend your life raising kids and writing computer programs, still there was a time when you argued about the First Amendment and talked about the Civil War and read Romeo and Juliet. ~ Garrison Keillor, #NFDB
739:The kingdom advances in our small neighborhoods and small acts of love and small moments of faithfulness and small feats of courage. It is not encapsulated in programs and top-down structures but activated through the body of Christ daring to be faithful everywhere we’ve been planted. ~ Jen Hatmaker, #NFDB
740:Why does the United States spend more than $20 billion a year on farm programs but less than $4 billion a year on education and early care for children in the critical first two years of life? Are corn and soybeans really a higher priority for America’s future than our children? ~ Nicholas D Kristof, #NFDB
741:A recent analysis of election coverage by the Tindall report which tracks network nicely news programs found that Bernie Sanders received just ten minutes out of 857 minutes of campaign coverage in 2015. Compare that to 234 minutes for Donald Trump, and 113 for Hillary Clinton. ~ Melissa Harris Perry, #NFDB
742:I'm sure you know by now, Jesse Jackson was overheard saying, and I'll put this more delicately, that he wanted to cut Barack Obama's testicles off. And Jesse has been on several news programs the last couple of days, explaining what he meant by those comments. Do you need to explain that? ~ Jay Leno, #NFDB
743:In brief, we have the new paradigm where simulation and programs have replaced theory and observation, where government largely determines the nature of scientific activity, and where the primary role of professional societies is the lobbying of the government for special advantage. ~ Richard Lindzen, #NFDB
744:The [Steve Harvey] foundation started originally about the educational needs of children. But, as I got into it more and more, one of my main objectives became mentoring programs for young African American men because that's our problem in our community - it's the African American men. ~ Steve Harvey, #NFDB
745:It is, therefore, possible to extend a partially specified interpretation to a complete interpretation, without loss of verifiability... This fact offers the possibility of automatic verification of programs, the programmer merely tagging entrances and one edge in each innermost loop. ~ Robert W Floyd, #NFDB
746:Programming, it turns out, is hard. The fundamental rules are typically simple and cleaR But programs built on top of these rules tend to become complex enough to introduce their own rules and complexity. You're building your own maze, in a way, and you might just get lost in it.
~ Marijn Haverbeke,#NFDB
747:Charters give public school teachers the flexibility to design programs to the individual student needs. They no longer have to go to a distant bureaucracy to ask for permission. By being allowed to make their own decisions the teachers are able to create strong partnerships with parents. ~ Gary Larson, #NFDB
748:The apologists for the medium claim that all sorts of interesting information is provided by television. This is true, but as it is much easier to produce programs that titillate rather than elevate the viewer, what most people watch is unlikely to help in developing the self. ~ Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, #NFDB
749:The first time I ever saw snow skis was when I was 62 years old and that was 19 years ago and I'm still skiing. So, we'll be skiing with some very close friends of the Carter Center letting them know what the Carter Center is doing around the world. We have programs in over 65 countries. ~ Jimmy Carter, #NFDB
750:In a very weak economy, when you say 'cut government spending,' what you mean is you're laying off school teachers and you're de-funding various programs that put money into the economy. This means you have more unemployed people that then draw unemployment benefits and don't pay taxes. ~ Fareed Zakaria, #NFDB
751:We cannot stick our heads in the sand concerning the issue of hunger in America. Even though this subject seldom reaches the front page of our newspapers or is featured on news programs because of its lack of sensationalism, the problem exists in massive proportions and must be defeated. ~ Bruce Davison, #NFDB
752:Well, the taxes that everyone else is paying are supporting lots of programs that were in place prior to Barack Obama's new spending. So new spending has too be paid for by new taxes, or by eliminating existing tax breaks. And Obama wants that burden to be borne exclusively by the rich. ~ Dinesh D Souza, #NFDB
753:Finally, Democrats could consider more comprehensive labor market policies, such as more extensive job training, wage subsidies for employers to train and retain workers, work-study programs for high school and community-college students, and mobility allowances for displaced employees. ~ Steven Levitsky, #NFDB
754:I had two spinster aunts who were seamstresses, and of course unemployed in the 1930s, but the union gave them a life. They had a couple of weeks in the country for a union installation and they had educational programs and all sorts of things. There was a life, you know, a real community. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
755:People are tired of wasteful government programs and welfare chiselers, and they are angry about the constant spiral of taxes and government regulations, arrogant bureaucrats, and public officials who think all of mankind's problems can be solved by throwing the taxpayers dollars at them. ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
756:There's no other state, none, that's as connected to their basketball program as this one. Because those other states have other programs. Michigan has Michigan State, California has UCLA, North Carolina has Duke. It's Kentucky throughout this whole state, and that's what makes us unique. ~ John Calipari, #NFDB
757:I am grateful to organizations like the International Child Art Foundation that gives us the opportunity to see the world through the eyes of our nation’s young people. I encourage you to continue to support programs that help children to discover their talents and believe in themselves. ~ Hillary Clinton, #NFDB
758:I'm not a big believer in slavishly following research. It's one of the things that's wrong with television is that if you throw the whole - the decision-making process to the research department, you're not making any instinctive, visceral judgments about programs, which are show business. ~ Grant Tinker, #NFDB
759:I think liberals should accept that if we want big programs that significantly reduce inequality - and we should - it's going to require higher taxes on everyone. The rich can certainly do more, especially given their stupendous income increases since the Reagan era, but they can't do it all. ~ Kevin Drum, #NFDB
760:Peace cannot be built on exclusivism, absolutism, and intolerance. But neither can it be built on vague liberal slogans and pious programs gestated in the smoke of confabulation. There can be no peace on earth without the kind of inner change that brings man back to his "right mind." p. 31 ~ Thomas Merton, #NFDB
761:Experts and the educated elite have replaced what worked with what sounded good. Society was far more civilized before they took over our schools, prisons, welfare programs, police departments and courts. It's high time we ran these people out of our lives and went back to common sense. ~ Walter E Williams, #NFDB
762:Software: These programs give instruction to the CPU, which processes billions of tiny facts called bytes, and within a fraction of a second it sends you an error message that requires you to call the customer-support hot line and be placed on hold for approximately the life-span of a caribou. ~ Dave Barry, #NFDB
763:I think there are some things ... that may even be distorted in the practice, such as some affirmative action programs becoming quota systems. And I'm old enough to remember when quotas existed in the United States for the purpose of discrimination, and I don't want to see that happen again. ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
764:I think there were some programs but in those days art programs were kind of basic. You would do drawing and simple collage type work. But at home I was beginning to get interested in doing my own thing as well. I'm not sure what inspired this, but I became very interested in decorating things. ~ Paul Smith, #NFDB
765:Large corporate advertisers on television will rarely sponsor programs that engage in serious criticisms of corporate activities, such as the problem of environmental degradation, the workings of the military-industrial complex, or corporate support of and benefits from Third World tyrannies. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
766:The team always sold programs for a buck at the games. Inside were the stats on each Rattler. There was also a roster of the visiting team, but they didn’t include their stats. I guess the general consensus was: Who cares? They’re not our guys. Ragland was pretty loyal to its team. ~ Rachel Hawthorne, #NFDB
767:When we decide not to regulate weapons, when we elect to leave swaths of our neighborhoods blighted or cut nutrition programs for women, infants, and children, when we provide young inner-city men with few options but to join gangs, we become implicated in the crimes that eventually result. ~ Adam Benforado, #NFDB
768:GUIs tend to impose a large overhead on every single piece of software, even the smallest, and this overhead completely changes the programming environment. Small utility programs are no longer worth writing. Their functions, instead, tend to get swallowed up into omnibus software packages. ~ Neal Stephenson, #NFDB
769:Incentives aren't the only thing that matter for economic growth. Opportunity is also crucial, and extreme inequality deprives many people of the opportunity to fulfill their potential, and government programs that reduce inequality can make the nation as a whole richer by reducing that waste. ~ Paul Krugman, #NFDB
770:Middle-class kids get to play, develop their thinking ability. Poor kids are much more likely to get regimentation under the guise of socialization. On top of it, we have huge segregation in early childhood programs. I don't see these patterns changing anytime soon, and that's a big obstacle. ~ Pedro Noguera, #NFDB
771:Superficial parallels were drawn between the Church and the Nazi Party, with its emphasis on active involvement by every member. The women's auxiliary of the Party and the Hitler Youth were regarded by some as secular equivalents to the Church's Relief Society, MIA, and the Scouting programs. ~ Fawn M Brodie, #NFDB
772:What our family has done is participate in the farm programs. And so the farm programs I think essentially almost every farmer in South Dakota has participated in those, and they haven't been bailouts, they have been programs that the United States has put forward for farmers to participate in. ~ Kristi Noem, #NFDB
773:I snatched up Ben’s universal remote, pointed it at the TV, and commenced fucking with all of his settings so it would take him at least an hour to sort that shit out. Done with that, I filled his Netflix favorites queue with programs that would make Homeland Security put him on a watch list. ~ Kristen Ashley, #NFDB
774:I've seen up close the benefits and drawbacks of kids working with super-strong chess programs in their training, and they definitely think differently than past generations thanks to this alien influence. While we are making our machines more intelligent, they are also changing how we think. ~ Garry Kasparov, #NFDB
775:Real software engineers don't debug programs, they verify correctness. This process doesn't necessarily involve execution of anything on a computer, except perhaps a Correctness Verification Aid package. Sex without love is an empty experience, but, as empty experiences go, it's one of the best. ~ Woody Allen, #NFDB
776:The establishment of formal standards for proofs about programs... and the proposal that the semantics of a programming language may be defined independently of all processors for that language, by establishing standards of rigor for proofs about programs in the language, appears to be novel. ~ Robert W Floyd, #NFDB
777:If we think that democracy is a good thing, then we must believe that the public should know as much as possible about what the government it elects is doing. Snowden has said that he made the disclosures because “the public needs to decide whether these programs and policies are right or wrong. ~ Peter Singer, #NFDB
778:Probably the best way to cultivate a team is with an evolutionary approach, randomly generating little programs and allowing them to reproduce with small mutations. This strategy allows us to continuously discover solutions rather than trying to think up a single perfect solution from scratch. ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
779:Candidates don't have to deal with reality. They talk about the wonderful things they can accomplish as if advocating them is the same as achieving them. They live in a world of political make-believe in which everything from reconciling conflicting interests to paying for costly programs is easy. ~ Fred Barnes, #NFDB
780:Free market fundamentalists can perhaps hold to their views because often they have very little direct experience in commerce or industry. The men in our story all made their careers in programs and institutions that were either directly created by the federal government or largely funded by it. ~ Naomi Oreskes, #NFDB
781:Indeed, just that year we had actually rejected a $200-million low-interest loan from the World Bank. I also told Conable, who was bragging about employing the best minds in the world, that hiring smart economists does not necessarily translate into policies and programs that benefit the poor. I ~ Muhammad Yunus, #NFDB
782:Technology has moved away from sharing and toward ownership. This suits software and hardware companies just fine: They create new, bloated programs that require more disk space and processing power. We buy bigger, faster computers, which then require more complex operating systems, and so on. ~ Douglas Rushkoff, #NFDB
783:There are practical problems of tomorrow on which people's lives very much depend, and while defending these kinds of programs is by no means the ultimate end we should be pursuing, in my view we still have to face the problems that are right on the horizon, and which seriously affect human lives. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
784:And there are programs in every city designed to assist them to get off the streets, or so they say. But in truth only the most functional among the homeless are able to access these programs. Lines are endless, forms are impossible to decipher, qualifications can't be met, standards don't apply. ~ Danielle Steel, #NFDB
785:Most learners can be coded up in a few hundred lines, or perhaps a few thousand if you add a lot of bells and whistles. In contrast, the programs they replace can run in the hundreds of thousands or even millions of lines, and a single learner can induce an unlimited number of different programs. ~ Pedro Domingos, #NFDB
786:(Space programs are) a force operating on educational pipelines that stimulate the formation of scientists, technologists, engineers and mathematicians... They're the ones that make tomorrow come. The foundations of economies... issue forth from investments we make in science and technology. ~ Neil deGrasse Tyson, #NFDB
787:This election [in 2016] is about electing a president that will restore our economic vibrancy so that the American dream can expand to reach more people and change more lives than ever before. And rebuild our Military and our intelligence programs so that we can remain the strongest nation on earth. ~ Marco Rubio, #NFDB
788:This transition between doing what you’re told and telling yourself what to do generally occurs midway through a dissertation. In many ways, it is the most difficult and terrifying thing that a student can do, and being unable or unwilling to do it is much of what weeds people out of Ph.D. programs. ~ Hope Jahren, #NFDB
789:We Communists have got to string along with the capitalists for a while. We need their agriculture and their technology. But we are going to continue massive military programs. . . (soon) we will be in a position to return to a much more aggressive foreign policy designed to gain the upper-hand. ~ Leonid Brezhnev, #NFDB
790:Collective insurance policies and social protections have given way to the forces of economic deregulation, the transformation of the welfare state into punitive workfare programs, the privatization of public goods and an appeal to individual accountability as a substitute for social responsibility. ~ Henry Giroux, #NFDB
791:The neoliberal programs of the last generation have in fact been, and were intended to be, a pretty serious attack on democracy, but also they've led to stagnation or decline for large parts of the population - the working class, the lower middle class, these people have essentially been cast aside. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
792:You can tell when someone has been on steroids A guy bulks up, has a new body and never gets tired...You see these guys or girls who come onto the tour talking about their new training programs and their diets where they eat this or that new thingbut they'll never tell you about the drugs they took. ~ John McEnroe, #NFDB
793:I launched The Emeril Lagasse Foundation to provide culinary training, and developmental and educational programs to children in the cities where my restaurants operate. I think everyone has a responsibility to give back to the community if they can, and to help future generations learn new skills. ~ Emeril Lagasse, #NFDB
794:in 2005, the Olin Foundation had supported eleven separate programs at Harvard, burnishing the foundation’s name and ideas and proving that even the best-endowed American university would allow an outside, ideological group to build “beachheads,” so long as the project was properly packaged and funded. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
795:In Greece, as elsewhere, the implementation of budget cuts, the dismantling of social welfare programs, and the deregulation of labor markets have occurred alongside a marked upgrading of the repressive capacities of the state. The more inequality climbs, the more public and private police are required. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
796:Were we to choose our leaders on the basis of their reading experience and not their political programs, there would be much less grief on earth. I believe ... that for someone who has read a lot of Dickens to shoot his like in the name of an idea is harder than for someone who has read no Dickens. ~ Joseph Brodsky, #NFDB
797:A modern American prophet, like Micah, once said, “A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is a nation approaching spiritual death.”3 He was Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., and he also made the connection between war and poverty. ~ Jim Wallis, #NFDB
798:The effects of MFA programs, and the rise of creative writing instruction more generally, are far more diffuse than people think. Even if you're a writer who has avoided institutions your whole life, you're still going to be reading a lot of writers who have MFAs, and are affiliated with universities. ~ Chad Harbach, #NFDB
799:Attitude-changing curriculum programs can be assessed in a number of ways, including (1) how effective they are in the specific area in which they claim to be effective (drug prevention, for example), (2) the academic and emotional costs they entail, and (3) their wider social consequences. Remarkably ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
800:Intelligent media companies strive to provide both intellectual and comedy programs, groundbreaking and reflective articles, art house and popular movies. Not to be open minded in providing a full range of quality media would be a failure to serve the breadth and depth of the communities we live in. ~ Lachlan Murdoch, #NFDB
801:You're wrong, I want to say. I'm exactly like you. But I can't. The fact is, alcoholics have programs, steps to take so they can fit into society and function. Crazies like Alison--all they have are padded cells and blunted utensils. That's their normal.
Our normal.~ A G Howard,#NFDB
802:A guy from Bear Stearns had visited our class, thin and bald with a gold watch. He told us that if we were interested in getting into finance, we had better work hard and smart because a lot of machines were able to make investment decisions now, and in the future, computer programs would run everything. ~ Ned Vizzini, #NFDB
803:Economists have calculated that every dollar invested in high-quality home visitation, day care, and preschool programs results in seven dollars of savings on welfare payments, health-care costs, substance-abuse treatment, and incarceration, plus higher tax revenues due to better-paying jobs.37 ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
804:First, we want to establish the idea that a computer language is not just a way of getting a computer to perform operations but rather that it is a novel formal medium for expressing ideas about methodology. Thus, programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute. ~ Hal Abelson, #NFDB
805:So what is the Membership Economy? Some say it’s all about subscriptions. Others say it’s about community and communication. Still others say it’s about belonging. Some say it’s been around forever, in associations, loyalty programs, and gyms. I think the Membership Economy is all these things. ~ Robbie Kellman Baxter, #NFDB
806:In America, criminal justice policies have become a second line of defense, if you will, against individuals whose development has not been adequately fostered by other societal institutions, like welfare, education, employment and job training, mental-health programs, and other social initiatives. ~ David Cay Johnston, #NFDB
807:Recently, another warning was issued by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) in its 2014 annual budget outlook, in which it announced that Social Security (and other entitlement programs) is “unsustainable” and will drive federally held debt to historic levels, thereby threatening the overall economy.24 ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
808:Look, three love affairs in history, are Abelard and Eloise, Romeo and Juliet and the American media and this President at the moment. But this doesn't matter over time. Reality will impinge. If his programs work, he's fine. If it doesn't work, all of the adulation of journalists in the world won't matter. ~ George Will, #NFDB
809:...people are no longer interested in analysis. They all prefer catharsis now. They all prefer to say that they are helpless and can’t change other people, i.e. the world. Marxism has been replaced by postmodernism. Psychoanalysis has been replaced by twelve-step programs. It was the end of the content. ~ Sarah Schulman, #NFDB
810:When I started to get involved in the crime issue, people said, "it's a local issue." I said, "No, there are lots of ways the federal government can help." And the best way the federal government can help, and did in the Crime Bill, is to find programs that work around the country and help them spread. ~ Charles Schumer, #NFDB
811:Can you imagine any president, now, asking the American people...to refrain from meat now and then to provide more grain to programs and food banks for the 20,000,000 Americans living in "extreme poverty"...right now? Or, actually, asking us to do without anything for any reason? Something has changed. ~ Ursula K Le Guin, #NFDB
812:Conservatism is not about leaving people behind. Conservatism is about empowering people to catch up, to give them the tools at their disposable that make it possible for them to access all the hope, all the promise, all the opportunity that America offers. And our programs to help them should reflect that. ~ Marco Rubio, #NFDB
813:Holiness begins in our minds and works out to our actions. This being true, what we allow to enter our minds is critically important.
The television programs we watch, the movies we may attend, the books and magazines we read, the music we listen to, and the conversations we have all affect our minds. ~ Jerry Bridges,#NFDB
814:I feel education is more important even now for the younger generation than when I was younger. The kids really need to buckle down and get a good education. That's why it's so important to have computer programs and good tutoring programs, so they can have fun in school. It also keeps them out of trouble. ~ Albert Belle, #NFDB
815:So it’s really not true, after all, that the government has spared children from toil and instead lets them romp on the playgrounds. No, the government instead buses them into mass worker-training programs and is very resentful indeed when parents try to opt out of this arrangement, as in homeschooling. ~ Robert P Murphy, #NFDB
816:There are some programs on FOX that are not only fair and balanced, they're commentary shows. They don't have to be. But they brag about how fair and balanced they are. They don't cover rallies and tea parties. They cheer lead for rallies and tea parties. And as a journalist, I am totally against that. ~ Bernard Goldberg, #NFDB
817:I foresee great refinements in the field of short-pulse microwave signaling, whereby several simultaneous programs may occupy the same channel, in sequence, with incredibly swift electronic communication... Short waves will be generally used in the kitchen for roasting and baking, almost instantaneously... ~ Lee De Forest, #NFDB
818:My dad was a member of the Greatest Generation that achieved victory in World War II. This was the generation that saved the world from fascism, came home and built the great American middle class, led the way in the civil rights movement, protected our environment, and created great programs like Medicare. ~ John F Kerry, #NFDB
819:A Social Worker develops programs to help feed the poor,” she had said, “and makes sure there’s a chicken in every pot. A Counselor asks them how they feel about getting the chicken. And a Therapist diagnoses and treats them when they start hearing voices from the chicken telling them to cut their wrists. ~ Mark Matthews, #NFDB
820:Governmental programs are often faceless and unsustainable. Handouts create more dependency in the populace, decreasing overall societal productivity and depleting the resources of the agencies providing the handouts. The taxpayer base decreases, the dependent population increases, and taxpayer money runs out. ~ Ben Carson, #NFDB
821:In Chicago, you have an absence of strong family units, and that absence gets filled by gangs. You have a failure in the school system, after-school programs and other social programs to help keep kids off the streets. Amnesty International speaks to that in some way, by keeping these issues in the forefront. ~ Lupe Fiasco, #NFDB
822:In England, enclosure programs kind of destroyed the commons. In the United States, it happened later. But, ah, now it's happening in the world. The last remnant of the commons is the environment, which the indigenous people are still trying to preserve and we sophisticated rich people are trying to destroy. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
823:These “Singularians” have gone so far as to establish their own educational institution. Singularity University, located in Silicon Valley, offers unaccredited graduate-level programs focused on the study of exponential technology and counts Google, Genentech, Cisco, and Autodesk among its corporate sponsors. ~ Martin Ford, #NFDB
824:And when it comes to addiction, employers with successful employee assistance programs report improvements in morale and productivity and decreases in absenteeism, accidents, downtime, turnover, and theft. Employers with long-standing programs also report better health status among employees and family members. ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
825:As soon as we started programming, we found to our surprise that it wasn't as easy to get programs right as we had thought. Debugging had to be discovered. I can remember the exact instant when I realized that a large part of my life from then on was going to be spent in finding mistakes in my own programs. ~ Maurice Wilkes, #NFDB
826:Look, I'm very much in favor of tax cuts, but not with borrowed money. And the problem that we've gotten into in recent years is spending programs with borrowed money, tax cuts with borrowed money, and at the end of the day that proves disastrous. And my view is I don't think we can play subtle policy here. ~ Alan Greenspan, #NFDB
827:The capitalist has this over the politician and the clergyman; he has in practice done more to raise the standard of living of the poor than all the government and church programs in history....Monsanto and the Archer Daniels Midland Company have fed more hungry people than all the...soup kitchens combined. ~ Dinesh D Souza, #NFDB
828:They declare that it is unpatriotic and disruptive to question the workings of authority--but patriotic to institute harsh and regressive policies that benefit the wealthy, undermine social programs that serve the needs of the great majority, and subordinate a frightened population to increased state control. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
829:Dysfunctional states like Afghanistan need business people who are deeply rooted in their country and invest in it. They can add stability. But all development programs of the United States and the European countries unfortunately exclude the private sector, which could make investments based on profitability. ~ Ahmed Rashid, #NFDB
830:Her team had become NASA’s first computer programmers. The women still worked closely with the engineers, almost all of whom were men, but it was no longer enough for them just to be good at math. They needed to know how to build, fix, and run programs on the IBM computers, something the engineers rarely did. ~ Nathalia Holt, #NFDB
831:There's not much value to us attacking Chinese systems. We might take a few computers offline. We might take a factory offline. We might steal secrets from a university research programs, and even something high-tech. But how much more does the United States spend on research and development than China does? ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
832:As part of these programs, the NSA exploits the access that certain telecom companies have to international systems, having entered into contracts with foreign telecoms to build, maintain, and upgrade their networks. The US companies then redirect the target country’s communications data to NSA repositories. ~ Glenn Greenwald, #NFDB
833:Jason always wanted to the director and since he had the athletic background, the coaching background, the willingness to learn, Jason Gesser thought of growing his business and this helped him a lot towards his business. His programs has been the top most in the country and many people have benefited because of them. ~ Jason, #NFDB
834:Our enemies may be irrational, even outright insane, driven by nationalism, religion, ethnicity or ideology. They do not fear the United States for its diplomatic skills or the number of automobiles and software programs it produces. They respect only the firepower of our tanks, planes and helicopter gunships. ~ Ronald Reagan, #NFDB
835:Smokers in our culture are hated and despised. Smokers, people look down on 'em, don't want anything to do with them. Smokers are really the modern incarnation of evil, and yet smokers, because of all the taxes they are paying, are funding most of the children's health care programs the federal government has. ~ Rush Limbaugh, #NFDB
836:We waited for Congress to act. They couldn't act on the issue. So I just went ahead and signed an executive order which will unleash - [applause] - which says the federal agencies will not discriminate against faith-based programs. They ought to welcome the armies of compassion as opposed to turning them away. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
837:Liberals believe and inexhaustible fund exists that can be tapped endlessly to pay for government social programs. Tax the rich and give it to a long line of moochers, pork barrel hustlers and ne'er-do-wells. These funds would otherwise have been employed as additional capital indispensable to economic progress. ~ James Cook, #NFDB
838:Of course, as I’ve pointed out numerous times in this book, type checking is usually the wrong thing to do in Python programs (we code to object interfaces, not object types), and the more general isinstance built-in is more likely what you’ll want to use in the rare cases where instance class types must be queried. ~ Mark Lutz, #NFDB
839:There is a real hunger for spiritual things in today's culture; people are seeking something spiritual, something beyond themselves. That's the good news. The bad news is people are not getting it at church because the church is singing songs, preaching messages, doing programs, and taking offerings for itself. ~ John C Maxwell, #NFDB
840:We eventually will have to move away from the idea that workers support retirees and pay for social programs, and instead adopt the premise that our overall economy supports these things. Economic growth, after all, has significantly outpaced the rate at which new jobs have been created and wages have been rising. ~ Martin Ford, #NFDB
841:employees need great managers. The talented employee may join a company because of its charismatic leaders, its generous benefits, and its world-class training programs, but how long that employee stays and how productive he is while he is there is determined by his relationship with his immediate supervisor. ~ Marcus Buckingham, #NFDB
842:If you're part of any kind of writerly community, some of those people will have gone through MFA programs, and their thinking leaks into yours. So whatever changes MFAs have made to the culture, it's to the culture as a whole. It can't be pinned down to individual books in a way that some people would like to do. ~ Chad Harbach, #NFDB
843:In 2013, Texas passed Florida when it improved its spending on human services, moving up to 49th and leaving Florida — you guessed it — dead last in the nation. Notable also is Florida's failure to provide health insurance to large numbers of children and families eligible for federally funded Medicaid/CHIP programs. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
844:When those who are educated using their education to exploit those who aren't. That's what the sub-prime scandal represents - people of education using it at the expense of others. At Jazz at Lincoln Center, we have 22 educational programs. Not just the word but the substance of education is guided by the arts. ~ Wynton Marsalis, #NFDB
845:I teach in my life-coaching programs, when you bear a grudge against someone, it is almost as if you carry that person around on your back with you. He drains you of your energy, enthusiasm and peace of mind. But the moment you forgive him, you get him off your back and you can move on with the rest of your life. ~ Robin S Sharma, #NFDB
846:The Dutch have been slower than others to develop palliative care programs that might provide for it. One reason, perhaps, is that their system of assisted death may have reinforced beliefs that reducing suffering and improving lives through other means is not feasible when one becomes debilitated or seriously ill. ~ Atul Gawande, #NFDB
847:We’ve elevated the secondary impulses over the primary ones: national defense, self-reliance, family, and, most basic of all, reproductive activity. If you don’t “go forth and multiply” you can’t afford all those secondary-impulse programs, like lifelong welfare, whose costs are multiplying a lot faster than you are. ~ Mark Steyn, #NFDB
848:Candidates run for election on campaign promises, but once they're elected they renege on those promises, which happened with President [Barack] Obama on Guantánamo, the surveillance programs and investigating the crimes of the Bush administration. These were very serious campaign promises that were not fulfilled. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
849:To make interesting scientific discoveries, you should acquire as many good friends as possible who are energetic, intelligent and knowledgeable as they can be. You will find all the programs you need are stored in your friends, and will execute productively and creatively as long as you don't interfere too much. ~ Herbert A Simon, #NFDB
850:The program is only the excuse to get you to watch the advertising. Without the ads there would be no programs. Advertising is the true content of television and if it does not remain so, then advertisers will cease to support the medium, and television will cease to exist as the popular entertainment it presently is. ~ Jerry Mander, #NFDB
851:Traditionally Marxism attracts the oppressed. This, however, is not the case in the Arab nation... The socialist programs in Arab history did not always come from the poor, but from men who had known no oppression and became the leaders of the poor. The Arab nation has never been as class-conscious as other nations. ~ Saddam Hussein, #NFDB
852:Studying your strongest people closely and then building programs to measure and reinforce their best attributes for the entire company changes the character of your company. If you also are able to get those who struggle the most to be substantially better, you’ll have created a cycle of constant improvement. Sebastien ~ Laszlo Bock, #NFDB
853:Consequently, statists relentlessly attack and manipulate the system with endless top-down interventions in human behavior, deceptive and outright false promises tied to government programs and entitlements, and coercive if not oppressive governmental actions, all intended to reshape not only society but the individual. ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
854:It's really one of my all-time favorite things to do. To go out and really see the kids and visit the moms who are in these programs because I think I really get to see what happens on the ground and connect with them about what changes are that happen in their lives because of some of the giving that we're able to do. ~ Melinda Gates, #NFDB
855:Of course, figuring out what actually works in reducing childhood obesity is not really the point of these programs. (If it were, then the government might finally stop categorizing french fries as “vegetables.”) The real point is the same thing it always is: conformity, control, and eventually fundamental transformation. ~ Glenn Beck, #NFDB
856:Parents...rigidly monitor the selection of television programs...and other forms of entertainment for your family. Foster in your homes a love of knowledge through uplifting literature; wholesome books; selective movies; classical and exemplary popular music; entertainment that uplifts and edifies the spirit and mind. ~ David B Haight, #NFDB
857:If we blame crime on crack, our politicians are off the hook. Forgotten are the failed schools, the malign welfare programs, the desolate neighborhoods, the wasted years. Only crack is to blame. One is tempted to think that if crack did not exist, someone somewhere would have received a Federal grant to develop it. ~ Michelle Alexander, #NFDB
858:We have depended on government for so much for so long that we as people have become less vigilant of our liberties. As long as the government provides largesse for the majority, the special interest lobbyists will succeed in continuing the redistribution of welfare programs that occupies most of Congress's legislative time. ~ Ron Paul, #NFDB
859:at best, young children who are drilled on letters and numbers show no later advantage compared with those in play-based programs. In some cases, by high school their outcomes are worse. That inappropriately early pressure seems to destroy the interest and joy in learning that would naturally develop a few years later. ~ Peggy Orenstein, #NFDB
860:One of the CIA’s early programs sought to develop a truth serum, an age-old quest that touched upon ideas of magic potions and sorcerers’ spells. In consort with U.S. Army scientists at the Army Chemical Center in Edgewood, Maryland, this classified program was first called Bluebird, then Artichoke, and finally MKULTRA. ~ Annie Jacobsen, #NFDB
861:The government must give proper weight to both keeping America safe from terrorists and protecting Americans' privacy. But when Americans lack the most basic information about our domestic surveillance programs, they have no way of knowing whether we're getting that balance right. This lack of transparency is a big problem. ~ Al Franken, #NFDB
862:Talented employees need great managers. The talented employee may join a company because of its charismatic leaders, its generous benefits, and its world-class training programs, but how long that employee stays and how productive he is while he is there is determined by his relationship with his immediate supervisor. ~ Marcus Buckingham, #NFDB
863:FM signals and those of broadcast television...travel out to space at the speed of light. Any eavesdropping alien civilization will know all about our TV programs (probably a bad thing), will hear all our FM music (probably a good thing), and know nothing of the politics of AM talk-show hosts (probably a safe thing). ~ Neil deGrasse Tyson, #NFDB
864:The great bulk of Marshall Plan funds returned to the United States, or never left, being paid directly to American corporations to purchase American goods. The US Agency for International Development (AID) stated in 1999: ‘The principal beneficiary of America’s foreign assistance programs has always been the United States. ~ William Blum, #NFDB
865:The only way for errors to occur in a program is by being put there by the author. No other mechanisms are known. Programs can't acquire bugs by sitting around with other buggy programs. Right practice aims at preventing insertion of errors and, failing that, removing them before testing or any other running of the program. ~ Hayley Mills, #NFDB
866:There has been a vigorous acceleration of health, resource and education programs designed to advance the role of the American Indian in our society. Last Fall, for example, 91 percent of the Indian children between the ages of 6 and 18 on reservations were enrolled in school. This is a rise of 12 percent since 1953. ~ Dwight D Eisenhower, #NFDB
867:Thus, it is natural for liberals to see it as the function of the government to help people in need and hence to support social programs, while it is equally natural for conservatives to see the function of the government as requiring citizens to be self-disciplined and self-reliant and, therefore, to help themselves. This ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
868:Now the proposal is yet again another $150 billion before we start to think about a freeze. But $150 billion spent on more government programs; monies being created to direct and what kind of jobs that Washington thinks ought to be created. Come on. I mean there is a government that can help, and the government can also hurt. ~ Eric Cantor, #NFDB
869:We know that blind evolutionary processes can produce human-level general intelligence, since they have already done so at least once. Evolutionary processes with foresight—that is, genetic programs designed and guided by an intelligent human programmer—should be able to achieve a similar outcome with far greater efficiency. ~ Nick Bostrom, #NFDB
870:expenditures are trimmed and social welfare programs are undone. State policies promote the deregulation of the labor market: deindexation of earnings, part-time employment, early retirement and the imposition of so-called “voluntary” wage cuts. . . In turn, the practice of attrition – which shifts the social burden of ~ Michel Chossudovsky, #NFDB
871:We attempt to remember our collective American childhood, the way it was, but what we often remember is a combination of real past, pieces reshaped by bitterness and love, and, of course, the video past--the portrayals of family life on such television programs as "Leave it to Beaver" and "Father Knows Best" and all the rest. ~ Richard Louv, #NFDB
872:crime succeeds because crime does the one thing the government doesn’t do: crime cares. Crime is grassroots. Crime looks for the young kids who need support and a lifting hand. Crime offers internship programs and summer jobs and opportunities for advancement. Crime gets involved in the community. Crime doesn’t discriminate. My ~ Trevor Noah, #NFDB
873:The great bulk of Marshall Plan funds returned to the United States, or never left, being paid directly to American corporations to purchase American goods. The US Agency for International Development (AID) stated in 1999: ‘The principal beneficiary of America’s foreign assistance programs has always been the United States.’20 ~ William Blum, #NFDB
874:The message that we must send to North Korea is twofold: If the North Korean regime believes that it can defend and protect itself through nuclear and missile programs, that is a misjudgment. But if North Korea gives up its nuclear program, we will help it secure and develop itself. We must consistently send these two messages. ~ Moon Jae in, #NFDB
875:There’s a great expression in Twelve Step programs: Act as if. Act as if you’re a writer. Sit down and begin. Act as if you might just create something beautiful, and by beautiful I mean something authentic and universal. Don’t wait for anybody to tell you it’s okay. Take that shimmer and show us our humanity. That’s your job. ~ Dani Shapiro, #NFDB
876:To make sure we aren't training people for jobs that don't exist, the government should provide companies with loans or loan guarantees. And the government should also directly employ people to do things like coastal restoration, land restoration, reforestation and similar programs that absorb carbon and protect America's beauty. ~ Van Jones, #NFDB
877:From the starch-heavy 'food pyramid' to ethanol fuel, the government adopts programs not because they are right but because they gains votes, money or political power or solve problems that politics has already created, such as silos full of subsidized wheat or a shortage of gasoline due to the maze of controls on refining. ~ Robert Prechter, #NFDB
878:The ideology of freedom is reflected in the nature of C itself. There is little C hides from you, including its warts and flaws. There is little C stops you from doing, including breaking your programs in horrible ways. When programming in C you do not stand on a path, but a plane of decision, and C dares you to decide what to do. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
879:Dijkstra pointed out that no one's skull is really big enough to contain a modern computer program (Dijkstra 1972), which means that we as software developers shouldn't try to cram whole programs into our skulls at once; we should try to organize our programs in such a way that we can safely focus on one part of it at a time. ~ Steve McConnell, #NFDB
880:Our children learn reading, writing, math, science, and other subjects in school that can help them earn a living. But ver few school programs teach young people how to live - how to deal with anger, how reconcile conflicts, how to breathe, smile, and transform internal formations. There needs to be a revolution in education, ~ Thich Nhat Hanh, #NFDB
881:Programs like 'Jeopardy' and 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire' are ridiculous. They're the stupidest shows in history. They're making us dumber. They don't give us information, they give us facts, factoids. You don't learn who Napoleon was and how he was motivated. You learn what year he was born, and when he died. That's useless. ~ Ray Bradbury, #NFDB
882:The unlimited power that many modern gurus offer is false hope. Their programs calling us to unlimited power have made them rich, not us. They touch our false selves and tap our toxic shame. We humans are finite, “perfectly imperfect.” Limitation is our essential nature. Grave problems result from refusing to accept our limits. ~ John Bradshaw, #NFDB
883:You cannot form a community of countries of different strength without a certain amount of equilibrium. That is reflected in, for example, the EU budget and the bailout programs. That is why there are net payers and net recipients in Europe. A community cannot exist if the stronger do not take responsibility for the weaker. ~ Wolfgang Schauble, #NFDB
884:All he could think of was how wonderful it would be to have Jade for himself. To have his ring on her finger. Have her by his side. Quiet suppers and bathroom sink sharing and bickering over closet space. Boat rides and grocery trips and sheet wars. And later . . . school programs, family devotions, Saturday morning cartoons. He ~ Denise Hunter, #NFDB
885:Computational processes are abstract beings that inhabit computers. As they evolve, processes manipulate other abstract things called data. The evolution of a process is directed by a pattern of rules called a program. People create programs to direct processes. In effect, we conjure the spirits of the computer with our spells. ~ Harold Abelson, #NFDB
886:If we as a nation are to break the cycle of poverty, crime and the growing underclass of young people ill equipped to be productive citizens, we need to not only implement effective programs to prevent teen pregnancy, but we must also help those who have already given birth so that they become effective, nurturing, bonding parents. ~ Jane Fonda, #NFDB
887:If you feel your school is failing you, the question is why. Is it a lack of parental involvement, large classes, school violence, poor learning environment? Are there any standards to determine where problems are? Are there tutoring or mentoring programs? If the school is still failing after 3 years then what are your options? ~ John G Rowland, #NFDB
888:What is at stake is how to answer the potential threat Iraq represents with the risk of proliferation of WMD. Baghdad's regime did use such weapons in the past. Today, a number of evidences may lead to think that, over the past four years, in the absence of international inspectors, this country has continued armament programs. ~ Jacques Chirac, #NFDB
889:Alioto sent a “To Whom It May Concern” letter ahead on his personal stationery, urging police and government officials in Houston, Chicago, Philadelphia, and the nation’s capital to extend “every courtesy and consideration” to Jim Jones and his people, whose social service programs “are extremely supportive of local law enforcement. ~ Jeff Guinn, #NFDB
890:All of us who attended the meeting - including Microsoft - unanimously agreed that unilaterally extending the Java programming language would hurt compatibility among Java tools and programs, would injure other tools vendors and would damage customers' ability to run a Java-based software product on whatever platform they wished. ~ James Gosling, #NFDB
891:Dear Mr. President: ... We urge you, after consulting with Congress, and consistent with the U.S. Constitution and laws, to take necessary actions (including, if appropriate, air and missile strikes on suspect Iraq sites) to respond effectively to the threat posed by Iraq's refusal to end its weapons of mass destruction programs. ~ Joe Lieberman, #NFDB
892:There are certain elaborate tantric designs which are made to train the mind to intricately design something step by step. Even in the yoga programs, we start by saying, “Do it mentally.” This is the first step towards tantra. You sit here and go on doing it mentally, after some time you do not have to do it physically. Everything that ~ Sadguru, #NFDB
893:Can the real Constitution be restored? Probably not. Too many Americans depend on government money under programs the Constitution doesn't authorize, and money talks with an eloquence Shakespeare could only envy. Ignorant people don't understand The Federalist Papers, but they understand government checks with their names on them. ~ Joseph Sobran, #NFDB
894:It's what [Barak] Obama was complaining about. All this is now up to the voters - who, of course, the Democrats do not trust. People who would have benefited from the programs face no imminent threat of deportation because Congress has provided money to deal with only a small percentage of people who live in the country illegally. ~ Rush Limbaugh, #NFDB
895:Where recyling takes place only in response to political pressures and exhortations, it need not meet the test of being incrementally worth its incremental costs. Accordingly, studies of government-imposed recycling programs in the United States have shown that what they salvage is usually worth less than the cost of salvaging it. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
896:Computers break down. A lot. Especially if you’ve got an old one that doesn’t work so good anymore and you have to shut programs down when that beach ball keeps spinning or that hourglass never disappears. So what do you do? You hit those three “shutdown instantly” buttons, all at the same time: control + alt + delete. ~ Bathroom Readers Institute, #NFDB
897:You know, in a workplace, when you shrink the size of a workforce, there is pain there. But there is no question: we have a government that we can no longer afford.That is the cold, hard fact. So we have to make this more efficient. We have to sunset programs that no longer work. We have to eliminate waste and fraud. We must do this. ~ Meg Whitman, #NFDB
898:How unthinkable that, in a country of such bursting plenty, so many people are facing ongoing hunger and poverty. If we are truly each other's keepers, let's support school lunches, food stamps, neighborhood garden projects, and so many other wonderful programs working to put an end to this cruel and needless blight once and for all. ~ Bonnie Raitt, #NFDB
899:Pascal is for building pyramids -- imposing, breathtaking, static structures built by armies pushing heavy blocks into place. Lisp is for building organisms -- imposing, breathtaking, dynamic structures built by squads fitting fluctuating myriads of simpler organisms into place.
~ Harold Abelson, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs,#NFDB
900:The free market is notorious for distributing resources in a highly unequal manner, with great concentrations of wealth at the top and poverty at the bottom. Our social programs, modest compared to those of many other Western countries, play an important role in redistributing some of those resources from the haves to the have-nots. ~ Linda McQuaig, #NFDB
901:Then there are panacea programs and actions: bring back national service and the juvenile problem will end, stop advertising on TV, ban internet porn, revive grammar schools, ditch the EU. People pin their hopes on a single action curing a host of interconnected problems. But they forget the world is how it is for very good reason. ~ Robert Twigger, #NFDB
902:For Sony, owning a studio is a gamble and probably a pretty good one, now that in the broadband era having content is a great advantage when you sell devices that in a ubiquitous world of distribution can actually show programs, movies, content directly to the consumer. So that you actually create, in a digital world, real synergy. ~ Howard Stringer, #NFDB
903:My first memoir, 'Home,' was about my childhood, early training and formative years in the Theater, i am so pleased that my good friends at the Hachette Book Group have encouraged me to share the next phase of my life, beginning with my arrival in Hollywood and the wonderful movies and television programs I was asked to be a part of. ~ Julie Andrews, #NFDB
904:Modern governments actually spend relatively little on programs and systems that benefit all citizens, such as national defense or the judicial system; mainly they are concerned with infringing on the property rights of one (less politically powerful) group of citizens for the benefit of another (more politically powerful) group. ~ Thomas J DiLorenzo, #NFDB
905:Programming is how we talk to the machines that are increasingly woven into our lives. If you aren't a programmer, you're like one of the unlettered people of the Middle Ages who were told what to think by the literate priesthood. We had a Renaissance when more people could read and write; we'll have another one when everyone programs. ~ Tim O Reilly, #NFDB
906:The assumption that spending more of the taxpayer's money will make things better has survived all kinds of evidence that it has made things worse. The black family- which survived slavery, discrimination, poverty, wars and depressions- began to come apart as the federal government moved in with its well-financed programs to “help.” ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
907:The worst violence was reserved for the Jews. There were 690 documented pogroms -- with over 3,000 reported murders -- during the two weeks following the deceleration of the October Manifesto. The Rightist groups played a leading role in these programs, either by inciting the crowed against the Jews or by planning them from the start. ~ Orlando Figes, #NFDB
908:Thus, pragmatic liberals see social programs as a way to help others pursue their self-interest, while idealistic liberals see social programs as a commitment to providing basic human needs, which is an end in itself. To pragmatic liberals social programs are investments; to idealistic liberals, they are a matter of civic duty. Again, ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
909:For the last decade, like clockwork, new CIOs would come and go every two years. They stay just long enough to understand the acronyms, learn where the bathrooms are, implement a bunch of programs and initiatives to upset the apple cart, and then they’re gone. CIO stands for “Career Is Over.” And VPs of IT Operations don’t last much longer. ~ Gene Kim, #NFDB
910:Kids who participate in school meal programs get roughly half of their calories each day at school. ... This is an extraordinary responsibility. But it's also an opportunity. And it's why one of the single most important things we can do to fight childhood obesity is to make those meals at school as healthy and nutritious as possible. ~ Michelle Obama, #NFDB
911:Programs of a political nature are important end products of social quality that can be effective only if the underlying structure of social values is right. The social values are right only if the individual values are right. The place to improve the world is first in one's heart and head and hands, and then work outward from there. ~ Robert M Pirsig, #NFDB
912:When I came to the CIA in the mid-'90s, our graduating class of case officers was unbelievably low. Now, after years of rebuilding, our training programs and putting our best efforts to recruit the most talented men and women, we are graduating more clandestine officers than at any time in the history of the Central Intelligence Agency. ~ George Tenet, #NFDB
913:I get emails from students at programs all over the country who want to transfer to Iowa, and in most cases their frustrations have absolutely nothing to do with the programs they're attending. They have to do with the growing pains that they're undergoing as writers and with the growing pains that our own genre is constantly undergoing. ~ John D Agata, #NFDB
914:Texas Republican political leaders take perverse pride in how deeply they have cut our state's education budget. Thousands of teachers have been pulled from classrooms, schools have closed and valuable programs have been canceled. In many places, districts are forced to choose between prekindergarten programs and English, algebra and art. ~ Wendy Davis, #NFDB
915:The success of corporate mentorship programs developed by some of the Great Teams in business demonstrates how powerful this concept can be and what a difference it can make. As General Electric has shown, when a corporate culture includes mentorship, the end result is a dynamic learning environment with leaders constantly shaping leaders. ~ Don Yaeger, #NFDB
916:Every day I get to 'Think' and work on everything from digitizing electric grids so they can accommodate renewable energy and enable mass adoption of electric cars, helping major cities reduce congestion and pollution, to developing new micro-finance programs that help tiny businesses get started in markets such as Brazil, India, Africa. ~ Ginni Rometty, #NFDB
917:Indicate which principles you support regarding affirmative action and discrimination. 1. The federal government should discontinue affirmative action programs. 2. The federal government should prosecute cases of discrimination in the public sector. 3. The federal government should prosecute cases of discrimination in the private sector. ~ Newt Gingrich, #NFDB
918:Most Americans living below the official poverty line own a car or truck - and government entitlement programs seldom provide cars and trucks. Most people living below the official poverty line also have air conditioning, color television, and a microwave oven - and these too are not usually handed out by government entitlement programs. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
919:My brother is severely autistic, so when I was a kid I spent a lot of time as a teenager in camps and programs for autistic kids. When I went to McGill as an undergraduate, I figured I'd be a therapist working with these kids. The truth is, and I knew this even back then, I'm just not good at this. I'm too empathic to do this sort of thing. ~ Paul Bloom, #NFDB
920:Over the next five years, DARPA’s biohybrid programs advanced at an astonishing pace. Microprocessor technology was doubling in capacity every eighteen months. By June 29, 2007, when Apple rereleased its first-generation iPhone, Americans could now carry in their pockets more technology than NASA had when it sent astronauts to the moon. ~ Annie Jacobsen, #NFDB
921:Washington told Pickering that it would be “political suicide” to recruit anyone into his administration who was not prepared to support his programs wholeheartedly.18 He had learned his lesson with Jefferson and discarded the naïve belief that he could straddle both political factions. He was now more solidly aligned with the Federalists, ~ Ron Chernow, #NFDB
922:In all, by the time it closed its doors in 2005, the Olin Foundation had supported eleven separate programs at Harvard, burnishing the foundation's name and ideas and proving that even the best-endowed American university would allow an outside, ideological group to build "beachheads," so long as the project was properly packaged and funded. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
923:Some television programs are made very attractive to young children by presenting short, rapidly moving sequences and ever-changing episodes.... Some experts now argue that slower- paced television fare that allows children time to think about the material is more valuable than the faster-paced programs that merely capture their attention. ~ Sandra Scarr, #NFDB
924:Does it sound outrageous to you that military spending for fiscal year 2000 will be almost $290 billion and all other domestic discretionary spending, such as education, job training, housing, Amtrak, medical research, environment, Head Start and many other worthwhile programs will total $246 billion, the biggest disparity in modern times ? ~ Dale Bumpers, #NFDB
925:Once the premise is accepted that poverty is never the fault of the poor but the fault of 'society,' or of 'the capitalist system, then there is no definable limit to be set on relief, and the politicians who want to be elected or reelected will compete with each other in proposing new 'welfare' programs to fill some hitherto 'unmet need.' ~ Henry Hazlitt, #NFDB
926:The basic problem with the Non-Proliferation Treaty is there's no teeth in it, no penalties for countries that don't comply. Worse, as you say, the very naïve structure of the NPT has actually made it helpful for countries who want to acquire nuclear weapons. Iraq, North Korea, Iran, all used the NPT to build up their nuclear programs. ~ Kenneth M Pollack, #NFDB
927:At any rate, it was hard to know what to make of the new President Roosevelt. As he began putting programs into place over the summer, a rising chorus of hostile voices had begun to call him a radical, a socialist, even a Bolshevik. It was unnerving to hear: as bad as things were, few Americans wanted to go down the Russian path. There ~ Daniel James Brown, #NFDB
928:The Truth Is That the Best Leaders Are the Best Learners. Leadership can be learned. It is an observable pattern of practices and behaviors, and a definable set of skills and abilities. Skills can be learned, and when we track the progress of people who participate in leadership development programs, we observe that they improve over time. ~ James M Kouzes, #NFDB
929:Terror became a big issue when the Reagan Administration came in. They immediately announced [their plans] and kind of disparaged Carter's alleged human rights programs. The main issue is state-directed international terrorism. Right at that time that big industry developed. That's when you start getting the academic departments on terrorism. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
930:As a tactic for planting misinformation in the enemy’s reticules, you mean,” Osa said. “This I know about. You are referring to the Artificial Inanity programs of the mid–First Millennium A.R.” “Exactly!” Sammann said. “Artificial Inanity systems of enormous sophistication and power were built for exactly the purpose Fraa Osa has mentioned. ~ Neal Stephenson, #NFDB
931:I think that the church in America today is so obsessed with being practical, relevant, helpful, successful, and perhaps well-liked that it nearly mirrors the world itself. Aside from the packaging, there is nothing that cannot be found in most churches today that could not be satisfied by any number of secular programs and self-help groups. ~ Michael Horton, #NFDB
932:Sadism dominates the culture. It runs like an electric current through reality television and trash-talk programs, is at the core of pornography, and fuels the compliant, corporate collective. Corporatism is about crushing the capacity for moral choice and diminishing the individual to force him or her into an ostensibly harmonious collective. ~ Chris Hedges, #NFDB
933:The money to fund great things and innovations and programs is gone in our lifetime; it's all gone to debt. So we won't be able to solve global warming or have the transportation that we needed for the 21st century. We should be supporting people with great ideas, but it's gone, and now it's gotta be paid back with interest to banks in China. ~ Michael Moore, #NFDB
934:There were only 75 people in my graduating class at the school I attended in Hannah, S.C. It was a small school and that translated into not a lot of opportunities when it came to music. We had academic and sports programs but we never had a consistent music program. We would have a band one year, and a chorus one year, but nothing ever lasted. ~ Josh Turner, #NFDB
935:extreme specialization. Roseau County, Minnesota, a small rural county with few foreigners and no major universities, is a good example. Roughly 1 in 740 people born here made it into Wikipedia. Their secret? All nine were professional hockey players, no doubt helped by the county’s world-class youth and high school hockey programs. ~ Seth Stephens Davidowitz, #NFDB
936:As always, Hamilton cited constitutional grounds for his program, invoking the clause that gave Congress authority to “provide for the common defence and general welfare.”59 Owing in part to Hamilton’s generous construction of this clause, it was to acquire enormous significance, allowing the government to enact programs to advance social welfare. ~ Ron Chernow, #NFDB
937:Faced with the widespread destruction of the environment, people everywhere are coming to understand that we cannot continue to use the goods of the earth as we have in the past ... [A] new ecological awareness is beginning to emerge which rather than being downplayed, ought to be encouraged to develop into concrete programs and initiatives. ~ Pope John Paul II, #NFDB
938:Internet exchanges and internet service providers - international fiber optic landing points - these are the key tools that governments go after in order to enable their programs of mass surveillance. If they want to be able to watch the entire population of a country instead of a single individual, you have to go after those bulk interchanges. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
939:This is a difference between nuclear weapons and bayonets. It is not in the number of people they can eventually kill but in the speed with which it can be done, in the centralization of decision, in the divorce of the war from political processes, and in computerized programs that threaten to take the war out of human hands once it begins. ~ Thomas C Schelling, #NFDB
940:This money could have paid for health care for everyone and for programs to create jobs for all. Instead of giving out contracts for companies to build bombers and nuclear submarines, the government could have given contracts to nonprofit agencies to hire people to build homes, clean up rivers, and construct public transportation systems. Instead, ~ Howard Zinn, #NFDB
941:While the US Constitution marks these programs as illegal, my government argues that secret court rulings, which the world is not permitted to see, somehow legitimize an illegal affair. These rulings simply corrupt the most basic notion of justice - that it must be seen to be done. The immoral cannot be made moral through the use of secret law. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
942:Between the 1930s and the 1970s, urban renewal programs demolished 1,600 black neighborhoods, and 90 percent of the low-income units destroyed for urban renewal were never replaced. Between 1934 and 1962 the FHA and the Veterans Administration financed more than $120 billlion worth of new housing, but only 2 percent of this went to nonwhite families. ~ Eula Biss, #NFDB
943:When programs, methods, and money produce impressive results, there is an inclination to confuse human success with divine blessing. Christians can actually behave like practical humanists, living as if God were not necessary. When that happens, passionate longing for God and yearning for His help will be missing—along with His empowerment. ~ John F MacArthur Jr, #NFDB
944:As we study the Word of God rightly divided we are to understand that God has arranged His dealings with mankind into two programs. We have His prophesied purpose and His secret purpose. Prophecy has to do with the earth and Christ's reign upon it during the millennial kingdom, while the Mystery concerns our exaltation with Christ in the heavenlies. ~ Paul Sadler, #NFDB
945:Companies like Enron have learned that small investments in endowing chairs, sponsoring research programs or hiring moonlighting professors can return big payoffs in generating books, reports, articles, testimony and other materials to push for and rationalize public policy positions that damage the public interest but benefit corporate bottomlines. ~ Ralph Nader, #NFDB
946:Doing TV shows helps me a lot in my screenplay writing and filmmaking, especially since my TV shows are in different formats: comedy sketches, talk shows, debate programs, art variety shows, quiz shows. These enable me to meet interesting people with interesting stories and to learn about interesting subjects, all of which I can reflect into film. ~ Takeshi Kitano, #NFDB
947:It’s a myth that “predatory pricing” exploited American consumers and created business monopolies. ★ Thanks to government subsidies, many of America’s railroads were often laid on inefficient, circuitous routes. ★ Rockefeller, Carnegie, Dow, and other great American businessmen did more for America than all the big-government programs combined. ~ Thomas E Woods Jr, #NFDB
948:The initial period of memory consolidation occurs within the first six hours after learning. In practical terms, if you try to learn a second unrelated skill during that period, you will interfere with what you just learned during your initial effort. This is especially true in physical activities (motor programs, as neuroscientists refer to them). ~ Richard Restak, #NFDB
949:You can't deny that religion has done some good. It organizes lots of anti-poverty programs and soup kitchens and missionary work. But I would say that, first of all, all those things can be accomplished without religion. You can be ethical, somebody who does the right thing without feeling that he has to in order to get his ass saved in the next life. ~ Bill Maher, #NFDB
950:I do think that there is a big difference between family farms and agri-business, and one of the distressing things that I think has occurred is with consolidation of farm lands. You've seen large agri-businesses benefit from enormous profits from existing farm programs, and I think we should be focusing most of those programs on those family farmers. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
951:THESE MANIFESTATIONS OF BACKLASH—against family breakup, illegitimacy, welfare, crime, riots, black activists, anti-war demonstrators, long-haired hippies, government programs that favored minorities, elitists, liberals generally—exposed a major development of the mid-1960s: rapidly rising polarization along class, generational, and racial lines. ~ James T Patterson, #NFDB
952:the Liberal Party shouting for elaborate new shelters, educational and medical facilities, training and rehabilitation centers, without actually detailing a plan for how such programs would be funded. The Conservative Party gleefully cut the budgets of what programs were already in place, then made staunch speeches on the quality of life and family. Still, ~ J D Robb, #NFDB
953:According to Evelyn (and she should know), the big market in radio in the next few years is going to be in afternoon serial dramas for housewives. It makes sense when you think about it. Women are home all day washing and ironing and cleaning, and while they’re doing all that, they can listen to programs about people who lead more interesting lives. ~ Richard B Wright, #NFDB
954:Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions. It has become a common cause of all the people of this country. It is a cause of particular concern to young Americans, because they more than we will reap the grim consequences of our failure to act on programs which are needed now if we are to prevent disaster later. ~ Richard M Nixon, #NFDB
955:The hood made me realize that crime succeeds because crime does the one thing the government doesn’t do: crime cares. Crime is grassroots. Crime looks for the young kids who need support and a lifting hand. Crime offers internship programs and summer jobs and opportunities for advancement. Crime gets involved in the community. Crime doesn’t discriminate. ~ Trevor Noah, #NFDB
956:But the Great Society did not do nearly as much to improve the economic standing of people as did the extraordinary growth of the economy. When this stopped—in the 1970s—the flaws in LBJ's programs seemed glaring. Hyperbole about the Great Society aroused unrealistic popular expectations about government that later came to haunt American liberalism. ~ James T Patterson, #NFDB
957:Many children appear to be hard-wired to adapt to this endangering abandonment with perfectionism. A prevailing climate of danger forces the child’s superego to over-cultivate the various programs of perfectionism and endangerment listed below. Once again, the superego is the part of the psyche that learns parental rules in order to gain their acceptance. ~ Pete Walker, #NFDB
958:The methodological benefits of functional languages are well known [Bac78, Hug89, HJ94], but still the vast majority of programs are written in imperative languages such as C. This apparent contradiction is easily explained by the fact that functional languages have historically been slower than their more traditional cousins, but this gap is narrowing. ~ Chris Okasaki, #NFDB
959:The president who did the most for black Americans in 20th century history was Lyndon Johnson, and he got his hands dirty by dealing with Southern senators, Southern congressmen, horse trading with them, cajoling them, learning what not to talk about. And he got civil rights passed and Great Society programs. That should be the model. Get over yourself. ~ Steve Inskeep, #NFDB
960:I think, the argument sometimes that I've had with folks who are much more interested in sort of race-specific programs is less an argument about what is practically achievable and sometimes maybe more an argument of "We want society to see what's happened, and internalize it, and answer it in demonstrable ways." And those impulses I very much understand. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
961:God will allow us to follow self-help, self-improvement programs until we have tried them all, until we finally come to the honest confession, ‘I can't do it. I can't be righteous in my own strength!’ It is then, when we admit our utter powerlessness, that we find hope. For it is then when the Lord intervenes to do a work that we could not do for ourselves. ~ Chuck Smith, #NFDB
962:The Conservation Buck Challenge was designed to engage and mobilize the hunting community to preserve the outdoor experience for future generations. Our members will be ambassadors for ethical hunting, respect for private property rights, support for conservation funding and programs that give our children the chance to learn the valuable lessons of nature. ~ Gary Morris, #NFDB
963:We've spent half the expenditures, we've wrecked our budget on all these other domestic programs, and the only justification for it, in my opinion, to do it in the pell-mell fashion is because we hope to beat them and demonstrate that starting behind them, as we did by a couple of years, by God, we passed them. I think it would be a helluva thing for us. ~ John F Kennedy, #NFDB
964:Anorexia is among a class of diseases that attacks the body despite the fact that it exists only in the hidden recesses of the brain — an invisible invader wreaking all-too-visible havoc. It’s not a foreign agent like a virus or a bacteria or a cancerous cell. It is a sinister deception that hijacks the mind and programs it to destroy its own host organism. ~ Andy Stanley, #NFDB
965:I acted on my belief that the NSA's mass surveillance programs would not withstand a constitutional challenge, and that the American public deserved a chance to see these issues determined by open courts. Today, a secret program authorized by a secret court was, when exposed to the light of day, found to violate Americans' rights. It is the first of many. ~ Edward Snowden, #NFDB
966:What does this research tell us? It tells us that fiscally concerned strippers should eschew contraception and double up their shifts just before ovulation. More importantly, it drives home the point that the beauty of the maiden (or man) is neurally preordained. We have no conscious access to the programs, and can tease them out only with careful studies. ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
967:As one of the nation's top agricultural states, Nebraska has a great opportunity to provide input that will help shape the 2007 Farm Bill, .. This legislation will help determine commodity price supports, priorities with regard to conservation programs, as well as rural development, renewable energy and beginning farmer initiatives for several years to come. ~ Dave Heineman, #NFDB
968:Building the church with superficial “conversions” and wonderful programs that rarely bring people into a deepening knowledge of the living God will do it. Entertaining people to death but never fostering the beauty of holiness or the centrality of self-crucifying love will build an assembly of religious people, but it will destroy the church of the living God. ~ D A Carson, #NFDB
969:But because we don’t trust Jesus to do what He says He will do, or believe that He is who He says He is, or have not caught a glimpse of His infinite glory, we sit at drawing boards and draw up programs and methods and draft strategies that we hope might bring people to Christ. But Jesus could not have been clearer: the only begotten Son of God4 is the draw. ~ Leonard Sweet, #NFDB
970:Real Christians accept suffering as a normal part of following Christ, just as mothers accept labor as a normal part of delivering a baby. “No pain, no gain” applies to world evangelism as well as exercise programs! Until we can accept suffering, sacrifice and self-denial as routine and normal, we will never see the Great Commission fulfilled in our generation. ~ K P Yohannan, #NFDB
971:I’m happy to have the government spend less on me if I know it’s spending less altogether and is directing what money it does spend to people who need it more than I do. But if you’re simply talking about raising taxes in order to maintain the bloated status quo plus a bunch of new programs, count me out. That’s not because I’m selfish. It’s because I’m not stupid. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
972:One might say the computer is being used to program the child. In my vision, the child programs the computer, and in doing so, both acquires a sense of mastery over a piece of the most modern and powerful technology and establishes an intense contact with some of the deepest ideas from science, from mathematics, and from the art of intellectual model building. ~ Seymour Papert, #NFDB
973:Others, such as Alan Lightman, or Erez Lieberman, who earned fame by the age of thirty-one through his combination of mathematics and cultural studies, or Esther Duflo, who won a MacArthur “Genius Grant” for her work evaluating anti-poverty programs, didn’t make the cut for the book, but still weigh heavily on my thinking about how to best shape my own career. It ~ Cal Newport, #NFDB
974:Today many American corporations spend a great deal of money and time trying to increase the originality of their employees, hoping thereby to get a competitive edge in the marketplace. But such programs make no difference unless management also learns to recognize the valuable ideas among the many novel ones, and then finds ways of implementing them. ~ Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, #NFDB
975:In the Strict Father model, it is the duty of the strict father to protect his family above all else. By the Nation As Family metaphor, this implies that the major function of the government is, above all else, to protect the nation. That is why conservatives see the funding of the military as moral, while the funding of social programs is seen as immoral. There ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
976:The P.A.S.T. preventative screening and treatment programs are a must for all players. We can extend our lives and live a healthy and pain free life. The programs are very comprehensive. We have lost several players at a young age, maybe the loss of some of our players could have been prevented with the prevention, knowledge, and treatment that P.A.S.T. provides. ~ James Worthy, #NFDB
977:To treat programming scientifically, it must be possible to specify the required properties of programs precisely. Formality is certainly not an end in itself. The importance of formal specifications must ultimately rest in their utility -in whether or not they are used to improve the quality of software or to reduce the cost of producing and maintaining software. ~ Jim Horning, #NFDB
978:Seeking God first means that we know him as the God of grace who is for us. He is the one who will provide what we need, and we must give up our own self-help programs. But we can’t just have him and have it all done. We also have to be changed into people who can produce the fruit of the life we desire, and we do that by finding his ways and learning to live them. ~ Henry Cloud, #NFDB
979:We know through the process of energy independence, our whole geopolitical footprint changes in terms of our national security and how we operate the American military. In addition to that we've got all these forward liabilities on these entitlement programs that, with the right tax and the energy policy, we can pay down and offset some of those liabilities. ~ Anthony Scaramucci, #NFDB
980:We've already seen shifts happening in some of the big companies - Google, Apple - that now understand how vulnerable their customer data is, and that if it's vulnerable, then their business is, too, and so you see a beefing up of encryption technologies. At the same time, no programs have been dismantled at the governmental level, despite international pressure. ~ Laura Poitras, #NFDB
981:Mothers are so important. I came across a cable network exec who once told me they don't matter. Well, I disagree. Mothers matter a lot. Without mothers, there wouldn't be people. And mothers watch a lot of the programs on that cable network. No wonder why that network is barely surviving. - Strong by Kailin Gow on Mothers, Knowing Your Viewers, and Strong Leadership ~ Kailin Gow, #NFDB
982:The best programs are written so that computing machines can perform them quickly and so that human beings can understand them clearly. A programmer is ideally an essayist who works with traditional aesthetic and literary forms as well as mathematical concepts, to communicate the way that an algorithm works and to convince a reader that the results will be correct. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
983:When all is said and done, the invention of writing must be reckoned not only as a brilliant innovation but as a surpassing good for humanity. And assuming that we survive long enough to use their inventions wisely, I believe the same will be said of the modern Thoths and Prometheuses who are today devising computers and programs at the edge of machine intelligence. ~ Carl Sagan, #NFDB
984:Given the scope of these programs, it's understandable that many would be concerned about issues related to privacy. But what's difficult to understand is the motivation of somebody who intentionally would seek to warn the nation's enemies of lawful programs created to protect the American people. And I hope that he is prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. ~ Mitch McConnell, #NFDB
985:Great ideas that are conceived and not sold are like babies that are stillborn. We need some deliveries within the next few months, even if they have to be cesarian. I will approve any programs you have to bring about those deliveries,” and he added with a touch of humor, “provided of course you recognize my total opposition to any abortions.” Signed, THE PRESIDENT. ~ Bob Woodward, #NFDB
986:When all is said and done, the invention of writing must be reckoned not only as a brilliant innovation but as a surpassing good for humanity. And assuming that we survive long enough to use their inventions wisely, I believe the same will be said of the modern Thoths and Prometheuses who are today devising
computers and programs at the edge of machine intelligence. ~ Carl Sagan,#NFDB
987:Genuine transformation of the whole person into the goodness and power seen in Jesus and his “Abba” Father—the only transformation adequate to the human self—remains the necessary goal of human life. But it lies beyond the reach of programs of inner transformation that draw merely on the human spirit—even when the human spirit is itself treated as ultimately divine. ~ Dallas Willard, #NFDB
988:If you measure someone’s brain and see very little activity during a task, it does not necessarily indicate that they’re not trying—it more likely signifies that they have worked hard in the past to burn the programs into the circuitry. Consciousness is called in during the first phase of learning and is excluded from the game playing after it is deep in the system. ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
989:The elder Kim had dealt with weapons test failures by ordering the death of the responsible scientists and officials. They were shot. The younger Kim accepted failures in tests, apparently absorbing the practical lesson: Failure is inevitable on the road to success. Under Kim Jong Un, the scientists lived to learn from their mistakes, and the weapons programs improved. ~ Bob Woodward, #NFDB
990:The emphasis is on community, on participating in more and more programs and events, on meeting more and more people. It’s a constant tension for many introverts that they’re not living that out. And in a religious world, there’s more at stake when you feel that tension. It doesn’t feel like ‘I’m not doing as well as I’d like.’ It feels like ‘God isn’t pleased with me.’ ~ Susan Cain, #NFDB
991:If you measure someone's brain and see very little activity during a task, it does not necessarily indicate that they're not trying - it more likely signifies that they have worked hard in the past to burn the programs into the circuitry. Consciousness is called in during the first phase of learning and is excluded from the game playing after it is deep in the system. ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
992:low-income housing credit that accounts for some 90 percent of affordable rental housing in the United States. One reason that social entrepreneurs are considered an end to big government social programs is because, with this single credit, Enterprise has outperformed the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) on its core issue for more than two decades. ~ Peter H Diamandis, #NFDB
993:The establishment of a rating system, voluntary or otherwise, opens the door to an endless parade of moral quality control programs based on things certain Christians do not like. What if the next bunch of Washington wives demands a large yellow J on all material written or performed by Jews, in order to save helpless children from exposure to concealed Zionist doctrine? ~ Frank Zappa, #NFDB
994:They’re using these sort of coded appeals to say to people two things: One, the biggest threat in your life is not concentrated wealth, it’s minorities; and two, government coddles minorities, and all these government assistance programs, it’s all about giveaways to minorities—oppose them—government is taking your taxes and giving it to undeserving minorities. ~ Michelangelo Signorile, #NFDB
995:Who designed the circuit? What do they say?” “They’re all either long retired or long dead. And they didn’t expect the programs to last more than a few years anyway. So there’s no documentation. It was just a bunch of geeks standing around a lab bench, trying to figure things out. No one remembers the exact details. No one is smart enough to work it out again backward. And ~ Lee Child, #NFDB
996:Higher minimum wages, full-employment programs, early-childhood education: Those kinds of programs are, by design, universal, but by definition, because they are helping folks who are in the worst economic situations, are most likely to disproportionately impact and benefit African Americans. They also have the benefit of being sellable to a majority of the body politic. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
997:I never intended to be a historian of religion. My aim was to become a professor of English Literature in a university, but I had a series of absolute career disasters and found myself making television programs about the nature of religion and about Christian history and started to discover about other religious traditions, and that was an absolute eye-opener for me. ~ Karen Armstrong, #NFDB
998:The best programs are written so that computing machines can perform them quickly and so that human beings can understand them clearly. A programmer is ideally an essayist who works with traditional aesthetic and literary forms as well as mathematical concepts, to communicate the way that an algorithm works and to convince a reader that the results will be correct. ~ Donald Ervin Knuth, #NFDB
999:nearly all of us have experienced similar results following the Conventional Wisdom of our time: weight-loss efforts doomed to a 96 percent long-term failure rate, workout programs leading to fatigue and increased appetites for sugar, and medications that exacerbate the underlying cause of pain while barely alleviating symptoms (not to mention the unpleasant side effects). ~ Mark Sisson, #NFDB
1000:Second, take every course and seminar available on the key skills that can help you. Attend the conventions and business meetings of your profession or occupation. Go to the sessions and workshops. Sit up front and take notes. Purchase the audio recordings of the programs. Dedicate yourself to becoming one of the most knowledgeable and competent people in your field. Third, ~ Brian Tracy, #NFDB
1001:A schism in the body social, will not be resolved by any scheme of a return to the good old days (archaism), or by programs guaranteed to render an ideal projected future (futurism), or even by the most realistic, hardheaded work to weld together again the deteriorating elements. Only birth can conquer death -- the birth, not of the old thing again, but of something new. ~ Joseph Campbell, #NFDB
1002:...I displayed, or usually displayed, all those traits deemed essential to job readiness: punctuality, cleanliness, cheerfulness, obedience. These are the qualities that welfare-to-work job-training programs often seek to inculcate, though I suspect that most welfare recipients already possess them, or would if their child care and transportation problems were solved. ~ Barbara Ehrenreich, #NFDB
1003:It is a lesson of the sixties: liberals get in the biggest political trouble - whether instituting open housing, civilian compliant review boards, or sex education programs - when they presume that a reform is an inevitable comcomitant of progress. It is then they are most likely to establish their reforms by to-down bureaucratic means. A blindsiding backlash often ensues. ~ Rick Perlstein, #NFDB
1004:out as reconnaissance and sabotage actions. This was including the destruction of foreign command posts and communications systems for foreign nuclear guidance programs. And much like the U.S. Special Forces, the Spetsnaz underwent exhaustive psychological and physical training, eventually being left to operate autonomously for days or weeks at a time. As they were now. ~ Michael C Grumley, #NFDB
1005:Scared Straight was, in many ways, ahead of its time. Unlike most social programs, which collate no data whatsoever, it actually sent out questionnaires and gathered statistics. But, as with medieval bloodletting, observational stats do not always provide reliable data. Often, you need to test the counterfactual. Otherwise you may be harming people without even realizing it. ~ Matthew Syed, #NFDB
1006:Why is it that we reward programmers who work all night to remove the errors they put into their programs, or managers who make drastic organizational changes to resolve the crises their poor management has created? Why not reward the programmers who design so well that they don’t have dramatic errors, and managers whose organizations stay out of crisis mode? Organizing ~ Gerald M Weinberg, #NFDB
1007:It is a lesson of the sixties: liberals get in the biggest political trouble—whether instituting open housing, civilian complaint review boards, or sex education programs—when they presume that a reform is an inevitable concomitant of progress. It is then that they are most likely to establish their reforms by top-down bureacratic means. A blindsiding backlash often ensues. ~ Rick Perlstein, #NFDB
1008:It is a lesson of the sixties: liberals get in the biggest political trouble - whether instituting open housing, civilian compliant review boards, or sex education programs - when they presume that a reform is an inevitable comcomitant of progress. It is then they are most likely to establish their reforms by top-down bureaucratic means. A blindsiding backlash often ensues. ~ Rick Perlstein, #NFDB
1009:The guy selling programs just outside Gate A pauses just long enough in his spiel to ask me how I'm feeling. I tell him I'm feeling fine. He says, 'Do you thank God?' I tell him, 'Every day.' He says, 'Right on, brotha," and goes back to telling people how much they need a program, how much they need a scorecard, just two dollars unless you're a Yankee fan, then you pay four. ~ Stephen King, #NFDB
1010:The guy selling programs just outside Gate A pauses just long enough in his spiel to ask me how I'm feeling. I tell him I'm feeling fine. He says, 'Do you thank God?' I tell him, 'Every day.' He says, 'Right on, brotha,' and goes back to telling people how much they need a program, how much they need a scorecard, just two dollars unless you're a Yankee fan, then you pay four. ~ Stephen King, #NFDB
1011:They [academy writing programs] have no concept that the world has changed, that publishing has changed, that filmmaking has changed, and if you're not constantly looking at your education model and adjusting for the change, you'll find yourself teaching antiquity. Like all of these programs that won't accept students who are writing genre fiction - what an institutional ego! ~ Tod Goldberg, #NFDB
1012:Freedom fighters, as Fink labeled the donors, needed to explain to American voters that their opposition to programs for the poor did not stem from greed, and their opposition to the minimum wage wasn’t based on a desire for cheap labor. Rather, as their new talking points would portray it, unfettered free-market capitalism was simply the best path to human “well-being.” Charles ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1013:Many working men in our culture can barely read or write. Imagine if time away from work could be spent in exciting literacy programs for poor and working-class men. Imagine a wage offered for this work of self-development. When patriarchy no longer rules the day, it will be possible for men to view themselves holistically, to see work as part of life, not their whole existence. ~ bell hooks, #NFDB
1014:Non-Aristotelian logic deals with existencial/operacional probabilities. Aristotelian logic deals with certainties, and in the lack of certainties throughout most of life, Aristotelian logic subliminally programs us to ivent fictitious certainties.
That rush for fictitious certainties explains most of the Ideologies and damn near all Religions on the planet, I think. ~ Robert Anton Wilson,#NFDB
1015:I have been working with the World Health Organization since 1989 in an effort to redefine approaches to contraceptive introduction. This has given me the opportunity to insist that strategies for research and policy development must simultaneously address people's needs, the capacity of programs to provide good quality of care, and the range of technological options available. ~ Ruth Simmons, #NFDB
1016:It is my view that if society was doing the right thing with respect to you, [and there were] programs targeted at helping people rise into the middle class and have a good income and be able to save and send their kids to school, and you've got a vigorous enforcement of anti-discrimination laws, then I have confidence in the black community's capabilities to then move forward. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
1017:It's more going back into, I've always been really interested in the MKULTRA program and some of the programs and the fact that we really tried to create an actual, I guess you could call it an energy force of yourself. And you know, there were test subjects that were killed during the process. It have a huge ordeal, this huge congressional hearing that shut the whole thing down. ~ Len Wiseman, #NFDB
1018:Professor Wilkes is best known as the builder and designer of the EDSAC, the first computer with an internally stored program. Built in 1949, the EDSAC used a mercury delay line memory. He is also known as the author, with Wheeler and Gill, of a volume on "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers" in 1951, in which program libraries were effectively introduced. ~ Maurice Wilkes, #NFDB
1019:In my own life, I have found that prayer, intense rest, fresh air, and above all, 12-step programs for helping persons who want to get off the suicide express before it reaches its final destination in hell, work miracles. I have never known a person injured by prayer. I have never known a person driven to suicide by going to 90 meetings in 90 days and maybe 180 meetings in 90 days. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1020:It's no wonder we don't defend the land where we live. We don't live here. We live in television programs and movies and books and with celebrities and in heaven and by rules and laws and abstractions created by people far away and we live anywhere and everywhere except in our particular bodies on this particular land at this particular moment in these particular circumstances. ~ Derrick Jensen, #NFDB
1021:When people are running up more and more debt for housing, they call that "real wealth." It exposes what's wrong in the mainstream economics and why most of the economics that justifies austerity programs and economic shrinkage is in the textbooks is not scientific. Junk economics denies the role of debt and denies the fact that the economic system we have now is dysfunctional. ~ Michael Hudson, #NFDB
1022:Computational processes are abstract beings that inhabit computers. As they evolve, processes manipulate other abstract things called data. The evolution of a process is directed by a pattern of rules called a program. People create programs to direct processes. In effect, we conjure the spirits of the computer with our spells. ~ Harold Abelson, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, #NFDB
1023:concerted cultivation. He gets taken to museums and gets enrolled in special programs and goes to summer camp, where he takes classes. When he’s bored at home, there are plenty of books to read, and his parents see it as their responsibility to keep him actively engaged in the world around him. It’s not hard to see how Alex would get better at reading and math over the summer. ~ Malcolm Gladwell, #NFDB
1024:Seibel: How do you read code you didn't write? Crockford: By cleaning it. I'll throw it in a text editor and I'll start fixing it. First thing I'll do is make the punctuation conform; get the indentation right; do all that stuff. I have programs that can do that for me, but I find doing that myself is more efficient in the long run because it gets me more acquainted with the code. ~ Peter Seibel, #NFDB
1025:Beginning in infancy (or even before) each of us, in response to perceived threats to our well-being, develops a false self: a set of protective behaviors driven at root by a sense of need and lack. The essence of the false self is driven, addictive energy, consisting of tremendous emotional investment in compensatory "emotional programs for happiness," as Keating calls them. ~ Cynthia Bourgeault, #NFDB
1026:Learn as much as you can. Take every opportunity to learn about writing, whether it’s through classes, workshops, whatever is available to you. This may be difficult, because things like classes, workshops, writing programs, require time and money. But I say this honestly and somewhat harshly – if you’re not willing to prioritize your writing, perhaps you should do something else? ~ Theodora Goss, #NFDB
1027:While the creative works from the 16th century can still be accessed and used by others, the data in some software programs from the 1990s is already inaccessible. Once a company that produces a certain product goes out of business, it has no simple way to uncover how its product encoded data. The code is thus lost, and the software is inaccessible. Knowledge has been destroyed. ~ Lawrence Lessig, #NFDB
1028:Freedom! To fill people's mailboxes, eyes, ears and brains with commercial rubbish against their will, television programs that are impossible to watch with a sense of coherence. Freedom! To force information on people, taking no account of their right not to accept it or their right of peace of mind. Freedom! To spit in the eyes and souls of passersby with advertisements. ~ Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, #NFDB
1029:God is at work in all the places we already inhabit. He is bigger than the arena of our own immediate church programs and ideas about evangelism. He is a prodigal God recklessly working in people and situations of all types. If we truly believe God is at work in the world, we must take the time to pay attention, listen, and discern what God is doing in the lives of those around us. ~ David E Fitch, #NFDB
1030:A computer is like a violin. You can imagine a novice trying first a phonograph and then a violin. The latter, he says, sounds terrible. That is the argument we have heard from our humanists and most of our computer scientists. Computer programs are good, they say, for particular purposes, but they aren’t flexible. Neither is a violin, or a typewriter, until you learn how to use it. ~ Marvin Minsky, #NFDB
1031:There are many models of the mind. One of the most recent has been that of the computer. We can look at the mind’s concepts, thoughts, and belief systems as programs. Because they are programs, they can be questioned, cancelled, and reversed; positive programs can replace negative ones if we so choose. The smaller aspect of ourselves is very willing to accept negative programming. ~ David R Hawkins, #NFDB
1032:These academic guys have to feel important. They give papers and present TV programs to show they’re useful and valuable. But you do useful, valuable work every day. You don’t need to prove anything. How many people have you treated? Hundreds. You’ve reduced their pain. You’ve made hundreds of people happier. Has Antony Tavish made anyone happier?” I’m sure there’s something wrong ~ Sophie Kinsella, #NFDB
1033:As these potential adversaries grow their missile programs, U.S. military facilities in Asia and the Middle East, as well as our allies, are increasingly in range with the United States homeland, and we are really absolutely and potentially being threatened. And within two years, we will absolutely have a real threat. They'll be able to reach us so easily the way it's going right now. ~ Donald Trump, #NFDB
1034:The programs and planning are buried inside innocuous-sounding entities like the Pentagon’s Center for National and Nuclear Leadership Command Capability, FEMA’s Special Programs Division, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s Balanced Survivability Assessment branch, or the Joint System Engineering and Integration Office (JSEIO) at the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA). To ~ Garrett M Graff, #NFDB
1035:We should - we will - welcome people of faith into the political process... It is essential that believers enter the arena. Your involvement in politics helps determine how well our democracy works. We have finally learned that government programs cannot solve our problems. Government can hand out money, but government cannot put hope in our hearts or a sense of purpose in our lives. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
1036:Greenspan said that Nixon should declare that, rather than allow inflationary forces to be unleashed, he would back “a tax increase as the lesser of two evils.” How could we square cutting the budget with our programs for the Negro? I reported Alan as stating “flatly that the Negro problem is not an economic problem and it is dangerous to think of its solution in financial terms. ~ Patrick J Buchanan, #NFDB
1037:He [Hugo Chavez] put poverty at the heart of political debate. Rightly so, given the country's immense inequality and poverty. He invested heavily in social programs such as literacy, health clinics, and education. He promoted Venezuela's indigenous culture and urged compatriots to take pride in its pre-Columbian history. He called time on the US treating Latin America as its backyard. ~ Rory Carroll, #NFDB
1038:He watched Clint Eastwood for a while. He had never much enjoyed cop films or cop programs on television, but watching right here and now, he could identify with Dirty Harry tracking down the villains and dealing with them his own way. He had meant what he said to Blackstone. A few minutes alone with Pamela Jeffreys’s attackers and they would know what police brutality was all about. ~ Peter Robinson, #NFDB
1039:Endangerment is the process of constantly projecting danger onto safe enough situations. Your recovering depends on learning how to recognize and confront the 14 inner critic attacks listed below. When this process of recovering is bypassed, these deeply engrained programs continue to send you tumbling back into the overwhelming fear, shame and hopelessness of your childhood abandonment. ~ Pete Walker, #NFDB
1040:lack drama. Why is it that we reward programmers who work all night to remove the errors they put into their programs, or managers who make drastic organizational changes to resolve the crises their poor management has created? Why not reward the programmers who design so well that they don’t have dramatic errors, and managers whose organizations stay out of crisis mode? Organizing ~ Gerald M Weinberg, #NFDB
1041:One of the problems with trying to help underdogs, especially with government programs, is that they and everyone else start to think of them as underdogs, focusing on their problems rather than their opportunities. Thinking of themselves as underdogs can also dissipate their energies in resentments of others, rather than spending that energy making the most of their own possibilities. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
1042:Vision is easy. It's so easy to just point to the bleachers and say I'm going to hit one over there. What's hard is saying, OK, how do I do that? What are the specific programs, what are the commitments, what are the resources, what are the processes we need in play to go implement the vision, turn it into a working model that people follow every day in the enterprise. That's hard work. ~ Lou Gerstner, #NFDB
1043:I also took issue with the practice of donors typically only funding programs instead of institutions...That is a fine strategy for providing alms or direct charity. At the same time, no one would invest in a company and not expect it to pay for hiring great people, paying the rent, and keeping the lights on. We need philanthropists to build institutions in the social sector too. ~ Jacqueline Novogratz, #NFDB
1044:That is certainly the promise of [Donald Trump] campaign and the promise of his economic program.This economic program is really the pickup truck of economic programs. It's the Ford F-150 of economic programs. It's about manufacturing. It's about oil, fossil fuels. It's a deliberate, forceful reassertion of an image of American industrialism that we have inherited from the 20th century. ~ Judy Woodruff, #NFDB
1045:The liberal press cannot question the basic doctrine of the state religion, that the United States is benevolent, even though often misguided in its innocence, that it labors to permit free choice, even though at times some mistakes are committed in the exuberance of its programs of international goodwill. We must believe that we "Americans" are always good, though, to be sure, fallible. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1046:Because of the control of the media by corporate wealth, the discovery of truth depends on an alternative media, such as small radio stations, networks, programs. Also, alternative newspapers, which exist all over the country. Also, cable TV programs, which are not dependent on commercial advertising. Also, the internet, which can reach millions of people by-passing the conventional media. ~ Howard Zinn, #NFDB
1047:So Medicare decided to pay hospitals like ours for internship and
residency training programs, get it? It’s a win-win, as they say—the hospital
gets patients cared for by interns and residents around the clock,people like us who live on site, and whose stipend is a bloody fraction of what the hospital would pay full-time physicians. And Medicare delivers health care to the poor. ~ Abraham Verghese,#NFDB
1048:This falling-out was to be more than personal, for the rift between Hamilton and Madison precipitated the start of the two-party system in America. The funding debate shattered the short-lived political consensus that had ushered in the new government. For the next five years, the political spectrum in America was defined by whether people endorsed or opposed Alexander Hamilton’s programs. ~ Ron Chernow, #NFDB
1049:Almost all of those big government programs I just mentioned, which retained such high levels of support from the white masses, had been racially exclusive in design and implementation. In fact, the only way President Roosevelt could get most of the New Deal passed was by capitulating to the racist whims of white Southern senators who insisted that blacks be excluded from most of its benefits. ~ Tim Wise, #NFDB
1050:It is, after all, far easier for today’s statists to dole out money not yet earned by future generations not yet born and be lauded as compassionate, thereby reaping media plaudits and political benefits for generational wealth redistribution, than to be accused of denying subsidies and programs to a growing list of “worthy” and needy recipients and suffer the media and political backlash. ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
1051:Nothing is more disagreeable to the hacker than duplication of effort. The first and most important mental habit that people develop when they learn how to write computer programs is to generalize, generalize, generalize. To make their code as modular and flexible as possible, breaking large problems down into small subroutines that can be used over and over again in different contexts. ~ Neal Stephenson, #NFDB
1052:In this particular historical moment, the notion of conjuncture helps us to address theoretically how youth protests are largely related to a historically specific neoliberal project that promotes vast inequalities in income and wealth, creates the student-loan-debt bomb, eliminates much-needed social programs, eviscerates the social wage, and privileges profits and commodities over people. ~ Henry Giroux, #NFDB
1053:What I want to avoid is staying at the same place. As I improve in skills, musical interpretations, and acting, I am able to approach each element of my programs with perfection. As Im preparing, I build momentum and confidence until I reach a peak of concentration. It is the moment that I feel my best. Then I can bring out one hundred percent, which makes me satisfied with myself. This is my goal. ~ Yuna, #NFDB
1054:At school, they were driven, quiet, invisible, model students, Aglionby Academy’s 11-percent-of-our-student-body-is-diverse-click-the-link-to-find-out-more-about-our-overseas-exchange-programs. Here, they slouched. They would not slouch at school. Here, they were angry. They could not afford to be angry at school. Here, they were loud. They did not trust themselves to be loud at school. ~ Maggie Stiefvater, #NFDB
1055:Europe is being subjected to the kinds of programs that devastated Latin America for many years. Latin America has thrown them out and is pulling out: It's successful; it's democratizing; it's economically developing; and it's free from the shrapnel of US imperialism for 25 years. Meanwhile, Western Europe is destroying itself systematically, destroying itself going in the opposite direction. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1056:Here's a summary list of the valid reasons to create a class: Model real-world objects Model abstract objects Reduce complexity Isolate complexity Hide implementation details Limit effects of changes Hide global data Streamline parameter passing Make central points of control Facilitate reusable code Plan for a family of programs Package related operations Accomplish a specific refactoring ~ Steve McConnell, #NFDB
1057:I try to look at the evolution of these utopian claims. In the late '60s there was an assumption that the wealth generated by industry would be taxed and then put into social programs and it would provide a baseline of stability that would allow people to have the time for self-expression; and that social contract has eroded over the last four decades and now it's every person for themselves. ~ Astra Taylor, #NFDB
1058:Over the past decade Stallman created a powerful editing program called Gnu-Emacs. But Gnu’s much more than just a text editor. It’s easy to customize to your personal preferences. It’s a foundation upon which other programs can be built. It even has its own mail facility built in. Naturally, our physicists demanded Gnu; with an eye to selling more computing cycles, we installed it happily. ~ Clifford Stoll, #NFDB
1059:Evolution is one of the most powerful and important ideas ever developed in the history of science. It describes all of life on Earth. It describes any system in which things compete with each other for resources, whether those things are microbes in your body, trees in a rain forest, or even software programs in a computer. It is also the most reasonable creation story that humans have ever found. ~ Bill Nye, #NFDB
1060:I have been very outspoken in my opposition to cuts in what I would call the means-tested entitlement programs: Medicaid, food stamps, and all of that. I feel very, very strongly that those cuts as proposed are unjust, but I am not prepared to label Ronald Reagan a "sinner."It seems to me that when you invoke the adjective "moral" you must be careful to distinguish what it is you mean by that. ~ Bruce Babbitt, #NFDB
1061:Government programs didn’t arise because the people demanded them or because the free market was unable to provide needed services. They arose because the politicians found them to be a convenient way to buy votes with other people’s money, a convenient way to enlarge their own power, a convenient way to reward their political cronies, and a convenient way to keep people dependent on government. ~ Harry Browne, #NFDB
1062:Acting all sanctimonious while spouting bad info was a terrible way to win a debate, but a great way to piss people off. ‘That’s exactly what I mean,’ Lovey said. ‘They act like all AIs want a body. Granted, I think I do, but that doesn’t mean all of us do. That’s such an incredibly organic bias, the idea that your squishy physical existence is some sort of pinnacle that all programs aspire to. ~ Becky Chambers, #NFDB
1063:Many young people are leaving other churches, feeling that the sermons and the programs are not relevant to them. They say, “We’ll come back when we’re sixty years old and the sermons are relevant to us. Then we can prepare for heaven, because that’s all the ministers seem to be preaching about—getting ready for heaven. But we are living on earth now, and the message is unrelated to our lives. ~ David Yonggi Cho, #NFDB
1064:to the world of television contributes to conceptions that viewers have about the real world. In its simplest form, cultivation analysis tries to ascertain if those who watch more television, compared to those who watch less but are otherwise comparable, are more likely to perceive the real world in ways that reflect the most common and repetitive messages and lessons provided by television programs. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1065:There is no doubt that . Saddam Hussein has reinvigorated his weapons programs. Reports indicate that biological, chemical and nuclear programs continue apace and may be back to pre-Gulf War status. In addition, Saddam continues to redefine delivery systems and is doubtless using the cover of a licit missile program to develop longer-range missiles that will threaten the United States and our allies. ~ Bob Graham, #NFDB
1066:Very few people know that my department is responsible for 1.2 million home loans since I have been secretary. That's 1.2 million families that are living in homes in rural America that would never have homeownership, but for the United States Department of Agriculture's programs. We have to do more of educating people about the partnership that does exist between rural America and their government. ~ Tom Vilsack, #NFDB
1067:What an invaluable handbook! Lori A. May has done her research, knows her stuff, and, whats best, lets the programs speak for themselves through her extensive interviews. Theres a chorus of quotes from faculty, students, and graduates in The Low-Residency MFA Handbook. Anyone making the decision to apply for an MFA should consult this wise guide. Mays clarity and authority make it a gold standard. ~ Molly Peacock, #NFDB
1068:Drug prevention and sex education might seem to be very different activities, and a program for gifted and talented students still more different from both of these. But that is true only where these programs are legitimately confined to what they claim to be. Far too often, however, these words are mere flags of convenience under which schools set sail on an uncharted sea of social experimentation ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
1069:Enlightened social engineering is required to face situations that demand global action now. Education is a long-term solution. Parents and the general public must be reached also Otherwise, children and youth enrolled in globally oriented programs may find themselves in conflict with values assumed in the home. And then the educational institution frequently comes under scrutiny and must pull back. ~ John Goodlad, #NFDB
1070:In his second term, [Ronald] Reagan completed the work of his first term - the rich got really rich, everything was deregulated, advocacy programs were quashed, the Savings and Loan program was trashed, the deficit was tripled, unions were busted, Housing and Urban Developing was in shambles, banks were closing, the military got lots of new toys, the religious right was strong, and AIDS was ignored. ~ Kate Clinton, #NFDB
1071:I've never heard of any one single artist being the subject in an ongoing series of radio programs for decades. Bearing this in mind, that's the kind of thing Frank Sinatra brings out in his audience, his followers. It's personally satisfying to me because his music by and large was the greatest quality of lyrics, melody, orchestration and, of course, his magnificent approach to telling a story. ~ Frank Sinatra Jr, #NFDB
1072:I wish to raise a Black man who will not be destroyed by, nor settle for, those corruptions called power by the white fathers who mean his destruction as surely as they mean mine. I wish to raise a Black man who will recognize that the legitimate objects of his hostility are not women, but the particulars of a structure that programs him to fear and despise women as well as his own Black self. ~ Audre Lorde, #NFDB
1073:God is looking for women and men who are full on for Him... people who have abandoned their own program and are just looking for how they can use their unique talents and abilities to further God's activities and programs in this world. These are the people God will tap on the shoulder and say, “Come with me and we're going to do something great in your lifetime. Come, we're going to do this together. ~ Bill Hybels, #NFDB
1074:Left-wing social policies sicken our behavior and corrupt our culture. People bend principles and sacrifice integrity to get as much as they can from the government. Giveaway programs encourage every imaginable sort of cheating and dishonesty. Wheeling and dealing in food stamps is a way of life. Lying and fraud are commonplace. Whenever you're dependent on the money, the end justifies the means. ~ James Cook, #NFDB
1075:On nuclear war, actions in Syria and at the Russian border raise very serious threats of confrontation that might trigger war, an unthinkable prospect. Furthermore, Trump's pursuit of Obama's programs of modernization of the nuclear forces poses extraordinary dangers. As we have recently learned, the modernized U.S. nuclear force is seriously fraying the slender thread on which survival is suspended. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1076:Pascal is for building pyramids -- imposing, breathtaking, static structures built by armies pushing heavy blocks into place. Lisp is for building organisms -- imposing, breathtaking, dynamic structures built by squads fitting fluctuating myriads of simpler organisms into place. ~ Alan Perlis, as quoted in Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman., #NFDB
1077:And that was mostly my life—arguing with my brother, eating shitty food, generally having no idea what to do next. I thought about Poppy constantly, whether I was researching graduate programs or whether I was with my parents, who were supportive but tentative, as if afraid that saying the wrong word would make me have a Vietnam flashback and start crawling on the floor with a knife between my teeth. ~ Sierra Simone, #NFDB
1078:I don't think you could teach someone to be a genius, but you can certainly teach them to not make rookie mistakes and to look at writing the way a writer looks at writing, and not just the way a reader looks at writing. There are a lot of techniques and skills that can be taught that will be helpful to anybody, no matter how gifted they are, and I think writing programs can be very good for people. ~ Michael Chabon, #NFDB
1079:Programs in operational effectiveness produce reassuring progress, although superior profitability may remain elusive. Business publications and consultants flood the market with information about what other companies are doing, reinforcing the best-practice mentality. Caught up in the race for operational effectiveness, many managers simply do not understand the need to have a strategy. Companies ~ Michael E Porter, #NFDB
1080:The problem, as Eric saw it, was natural selection. He had alluded to the concept on his Web site; here he explained—relentlessly. Natural selection had failed. Man had intervened. Medicines, vaccines, and special ed programs had conspired to keep the rejects in the human herd. So Eric was surrounded by inferiors—who would not shut their freaking mouths! How could he tolerate all the miserable chatter? ~ Dave Cullen, #NFDB
1081:I think Google's founders are both a couple of guys with some high ideals which have been to some degree reflected in the way the company has been run in terms of its having a very good workplace and good employee programs, and now that they're going public they want in some ways to be able to ensure that that kind of approach continues. So they've effectively put in place this notion of "Don't Be Evil". ~ Joel Bakan, #NFDB
1082:Most Americans are unaware that Iran’s military has such robust computer-hacking capabilities, but Mobasheri had been one of the leaders of this all-but-unheralded success of the Islamic Republic. He and his team of hackers had broken into American defense networks, and had placed infiltration-agent programs into U.S. wireless companies that had taken years and tens of millions of dollars to clean out. ~ Mark Greaney, #NFDB
1083:Donald Trump has called for extreme vetting for people coming into this country so that we don't bring people into the United States who are hostile to our bill of rights freedoms, who are hostile to the American way of life, but I will say, Donald Trump and I are committed to suspending the Syrian refugee program and programs on immigration from areas of the world that have been compromised by terrorism. ~ Mike Pence, #NFDB
1084:Let's ask their parents. And will those children point to their parents and tell us you really need to enforce the law against my parents? Because they know what they were doing when they caused me to break the law. I don't think we've thought through this very well. But there's a reason why in the president's DACA programs he didn't grant his unconstitutional executive amnesty to the parents of dreamers. ~ Steve King, #NFDB
1085:The Government honoring our treaties and sovereignty is first and foremost. These issues are still the top priority which [Barak] Obama, if elected, has promised us. For us, we should implement the most impor-tant programs right now: they are programs to teach the children a positive sense of dignity, self-worth, and the importance of sustaining their culture, history, language and honor as a people. ~ Leonard Peltier, #NFDB
1086:Shame is probably our most hidden and misunderstood emotion. It’s also the one most likely to motivate men to stay away from the help they need—and need to admit they need—which can range from psychotherapy to addiction programs. Performance anxiety is driven by shame; so is the drive to overachieve; so is the pressure to man up. Shame is behind the scenes much more often than you might think. ~ Robert Augustus Masters, #NFDB
1087:This year, the United States renewed funding of reproductive healthcare through the United Nations Population Fund, and more funding is on the way. The U.S. Congress recently appropriated more than $648 million in foreign assistance to family planning and reproductive health programs worldwide. That's the largest allocation in more than a decade - since we last had a Democratic president, I might add. ~ Hillary Clinton, #NFDB
1088:Today, the government of a free Afghanistan is fighting terror, Pakistan is capturing terrorist leaders, Saudi Arabia is making raids and arrests, Libya is dismantling its weapons programs, the army of a free Iraq is fighting for freedom, and more than three-quarters of al-Qaida's key members and associates have been detained or killed. We have led, many have joined, and America and the world are safer. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
1089:My god, people are selling their work and people are reading it! The horror! That MFA programs have to advertise that they'll let you write YA or fantasy or what-have-you is just absurd, but we do, because the presumption is that they're closed to that sort of thing. You're offering an MFA in creative writing? Teach people how to write well, worry about that part, let the writers come up with the stories. ~ Tod Goldberg, #NFDB
1090:The software programs that make our body run ... were evolved in very different times. We'd like to actually change those programs. One little software program, called the fat insulin receptor gene, basically says, 'Hold onto every calorie, because the next hunting season may not work out so well.' That was in the interests of the species tens of thousands of years ago. We'd like to turn that program off. ~ Ray Kurzweil, #NFDB
1091:By 2015, according to an internal list, the Charles Koch Foundation was subsidizing pro-business, antiregulatory, and antitax programs in 307 different institutions of higher education in America and had plans to expand into 18 more. The schools ranged from cash-hungry West Virginia University to Brown University, where the Kochs, in the tradition of the Olin Foundation, established an Ivy League “beachhead. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1092:Performance improved only when companies implemented programs to empower employees (for example, by taking decision-making authority away from managers and giving it to individuals or teams), provided learning opportunities that were outside what people needed to do their jobs, increased their reliance on teamwork (by giving teams more autonomy and allowing them to self-organize), or a combination of these. ~ Laszlo Bock, #NFDB
1093:Undergraduates today can select from a swathe of identity studies.... The shortcoming of all these para-academic programs is not that they concentrate on a given ethnic or geographical minority; it is that they encourage members of that minority to study themselves - thereby simultaneously negating the goals of a liberal education and reinforcing the sectarian and ghetto mentalities they purport to undermine. ~ Tony Judt, #NFDB
1094:The ‘Great Society’ has not worked and it’s put us into the modern welfare state. If you look at China, they don’t have food stamps. If you look at China, they’re in a very different situation. They save for their own retirement security…they don’t have the modern welfare state and China’s growing. And so what I would do is look at the programs that LBJ gave us with the Great Society and they’d be gone. ~ Michele Bachmann, #NFDB
1095:.. although there are certain limbic system (emotional) programs that can be triggered automatically, it takes less then 90 seconds for one of these programs to be triggered, surge through our body, and then be completely flushed out of our bloodstream... within 90 seconds from initial trigger, the chemical components of my anger has completely dissipated from my blood and my automatic response is over. ~ Jill Bolte Taylor, #NFDB
1096:Why are churches so unproductive? They try to be all things to all people. They can’t say no. They do too much and end up doing a lot of things poorly. They keep adding ministry programs but never prune the ineffective ones. But parachurch organizations do one thing—such as hunger relief, housing for the poor, vaccinations, or Bible translation—and do it very well. Productivity fires the imaginations of men. ~ David Murrow, #NFDB
1097:Failure of government programs prompts more determined effort, while the loss of liberty is ignored or rationalized away...whether is it is the war on poverty, drugs, terrorism...or the current Hitler of the day, an appeal to patriotism is used to convince the people that a little sacrifice of liberty, here or there, is a small price to pay...The results, though, are frightening and will soon become even more so. ~ Ron Paul, #NFDB
1098:I did community theater and kids programs at professional theaters and plays at school and voice lessons for seven years. I stopped because it was so time-consuming. But then I realized that I had access to this world where I could go on auditions. And there wasn't too much of an identity crisis when I started acting professionally because I had been acting longer than I had been writing. It didn't feel new. ~ Tavi Gevinson, #NFDB
1099:The principle of self-reproduction, which is of decisive importance for life, is not based on matter transfer, but on information transfer. To be precise, it is process programs which are transferred and which provide guidance for the formation of structures—not only material structures but also structures of relations and processes—in other words, dynamic space-time structures. ~ Erich Jantsch, The Self-Organizing Universe, #NFDB
1100:The Sanders campaign showed that a candidate with mildly progressive programs could win the nomination, maybe the election, even without the backing of the major funders or any media support. There's good reason to suppose that Sanders would have won the nomination had it not been for shenanigans of the Obama-Clinton party managers. He is now the most popular political figure in the country by a large margin. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1101:Schism in the soul, schism in the body social, will not be resolved by any scheme to return to the good old days (archaism), or by programs guaranteed to render an ideal projected future (futurism), or even by the most realistic, hardheaded work to weld together again the deteriorating elements [of civilization]. Only birth can conquer death―the birth, not of the old thing again, but of something new. ~ Arnold Joseph Toynbee, #NFDB
1102:Within the coming decade alone, three signal amendments would be added to the Constitution: the Sixteenth, giving the national government the power to levy a progressive income tax, without which many of the New Deal’s social programs might not have been possible; the Seventeenth, providing for the popular election of U.S. senators; and the Nineteenth, finally granting American women the right to vote. ~ Doris Kearns Goodwin, #NFDB
1103:In some instances even certain social services that normally were supplied, or pre-empted by the state. Take the United States, the [Ronald] Reagan administration is withdrawing assistance, all kinds of welfare programs, and if people don't improvise their own resources to cope with problems of the ageing, problems of the sick, problems of the young, problems of the poor, problems of tenant rights, who will? ~ Murray Bookchin, #NFDB
1104:Policies are designed to undermine working class organization and the reason is not only the unions fight for workers' rights, but they also have a democratizing effect. These are institutions in which people without power can get together, support one another, learn about the world, try out their ideas, initiate programs, and that is dangerous. That's like a referendum in Greece. It is dangerous to allow that. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1105:The Lean Startup isn't just about how to create a more successful entrepreneurial business, it's about what we can learn from those businesses to improve virtually everything we do. I imagine Lean Startup principles applied to government programs, to healthcare, and to solving the world's great problems. It's ultimately an answer to the question: How can we learn more quickly what works, and discard what doesn't? ~ Tim O Reilly, #NFDB
1106:Just look at the track record of these giveaway programs," I protested. "Broken mills, lower production levels of rice after 20 years of work and money. This can't be right...the only way this will work for the farmers is if they own it themselves, if they can see their own lives getting better because of their efforts and ability to control their own futures and not have to wait around for the government. ~ Jacqueline Novogratz, #NFDB
1107:Unfortunately, the trend in many organizations is to design learning to be as easy as possible. Aiming to respect their employees’ busy lives, companies build training programs that can be done at any time, with no prerequisites, and often on a mobile device. The result is fun and easy training programs that employees rave about (making them easier for developers to sell) but don’t actually instill lasting learning. ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
1108:A true scientist doesn't perform prescribed experiments; she develops her own and thus generates wholly new knowledge. This transition between doing what you're told and telling yourself what to do generally occurs midway through a dissertation. In many ways, it is the most difficult and terrifying thing that a student can do, and being unable or unwilling to do it is much of what weeds people out of Ph.D. programs. ~ Hope Jahren, #NFDB
1109:Columbine had one of the best academic reputations in the state; 80 percent of graduates headed on to degree programs. College dominated the conversation now: big fat acceptance packets and paper-thin rejection envelopes; last-minute campus visits to narrow down the finalists. It was time to commit to a university, write the deposit check, and start selecting first-semester classes. High school was essentially over. ~ Dave Cullen, #NFDB
1110:One night, I was lying in bed, and I was channel surfing between reality TV programs and actual war coverage. On one channel, there's a group of young people competing for I don't even know; and on the next, there's a group of young people fighting in an actual war. I was really tired, and the lines between these stories started to blur in a very unsettling way. That's the moment when Katniss's story came to me. ~ Suzanne Collins, #NFDB
1111:Two factors explain the individual’s predicament. The first problem stems from the investment choices available to individuals. High costs and poor execution doom the vast majority of offerings. The second problem concerns responses by individuals to markets. Research shortcomings, rearview-mirror investing, and investor fickleness (in the face of both adversity and opportunity) cripple most investment programs. ~ David F Swensen, #NFDB
1112:Younger wizards in particular went about saying that it was time that magic started to update its image and that they should all stop mucking about with bits of wax and bone and put the whole thing on a properly organized basis, with research programs and three-day conventions in good hotels where they could read papers with titles like “Whither Geomancy?” and “The Role of Seven-League Boots in a Caring Society. ~ Terry Pratchett, #NFDB
1113:There are many cases in which gifted children have done great things without special school programs. There are also gifted kids who have been to special schools and achieved nothing that has benefited the world as a whole. Without solid evidence, I have no confidence that funding school programs for the intellectually gifted would do more good than the most cost-effective programs to help people in extreme poverty. ~ Peter Singer, #NFDB
1114:What is that thing? Vampires. Or, as it was spelled at the time, vampyres. Yes, we know: It is difficult to accept, a strain to wrap your head around. Go and take the time to do so. Watch some television programs, or read some books in which vampyres are heroic and charming and sparkle in the daylight, and then return here and brace yourself for a return to a time that vampyres were things that went bump in the night. ~ Peter David, #NFDB
1115:Churchless born agains are not interested in being pressured into immediate engagement. They left the fold before, and they will do it again if they feel they are being manipulated to participate in programs or activities merely to help an organization reach its quantitative goals. If they return, it will be for spiritual and relational reasons; they do not want to be numbers on the bottom line or cogs in the machine. ~ George Barna, #NFDB
1116:Guess what? ★ Without grand programs, Harding and Coolidge presided over one of the most economically prosperous times in America’s history. ★ Under Treasury secretary Andrew Mellon, the top income tax rate fell from 73 percent to 40 percent and later to 25 percent, but the greatest proportional reductions occurred in the lower income brackets, where people saw most of their income tax burden eliminated altogether. ~ Thomas E Woods Jr, #NFDB
1117:It has been obvious all along, to anyone paying attention, that the politicians shouting loudest about deficits are actually using deficit hysteria as a cover story for their real agenda, which is top-down class warfare. To put it in Romneyesque terms, it's all about finding an excuse to slash programs that help people who like to watch Nascar events, even while lavishing tax cuts on people who like to own Nascar teams. ~ Paul Krugman, #NFDB
1118:Most lay people and members of the medical and dental professions assume that the six or eight vitamins constitute practically all that are needed in an adequate nutrition. These organic activators can be divided into two main groups, water-soluble and fat-soluble. An essential characteristic of the successful dietary programs of primitive races has been found to relate to a liberal source of the fatsoluble activator group ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1119:When people gather together in unexpected ways, it inevitably spurs innovation—the third goal driving our programs. Amazon lists 54,950 books on innovation for sale, presenting many competing and often conflicting theories. Google, of course, has a number of approaches, but the most salient one is the way we use our benefits and also our environment to increase the number of “moments of serendipity” that spark creativity. ~ Laszlo Bock, #NFDB
1120:Watching violence in movies or in TV programs stimulates the spectators to imitate what they see much more than if seen live or on TV news. In movies, violence is filmed with perfect illumination, spectacular scenery, and in slow motion, making it even romantic. However, in the news, the public has a much better perception of how horrible violence can be, and it is used with objectives that do not exist in the movies. ~ Steven Spielberg, #NFDB
1121:What we said publicly is that we know that Saddam Hussein has chemical weapons, he's used them; we know about his biological weapons programs; and in the nuclear equation, left to his own devices, with no fissile material, by the end of the decade, he'll have a nuclear weapon. But if fissile material is provided to Saddam Hussein, he'll have a nuclear weapon within a year, so I'd say the year is the outside timetable. ~ Richard Armitage, #NFDB
1122:Africa, in particular, has barely begun to exploit its renewable energy potential. Energy analysts say that solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass sources could more than supply the energy needs of every continent. The key is providing a favorable playing field, and that means financial aid, technology transfer, and training programs to assist developing nations, like the ones being advanced by the EU/AU partnership. ~ Jeremy Rifkin, #NFDB
1123:On the other hand, the achievements of the Mongols, military and otherwise, have been widely lauded as evidence of a highly sophisticated and worldly people. The Mongols created not only the largest contiguous land empire in history but an empire that, despite the terror it raised, initiated broad social programs, showed remarkable religious and cultural tolerance, and ushered in a relatively stable era of economic prosperity. ~ Tim Cope, #NFDB
1124:North Shore Animal League America is so dear to my heart not only for the amazing people that work there, the innovative life-saving programs they have, and the mission to rescue, nurture, and adopt but also for the hard work and dedication this organization has to the cause. They have saved over one million lives since their inception, and they are the world's largest no-kill animal rescue and adoption organization. ~ Beth Ostrosky Stern, #NFDB
1125:People in the rich countries who have done very well, who are at the top of the income pyramid, try to steamroll over the opposition of the middle without changing anything in social programs, or any redistribution. And they take their votes for a given. They have rich people that bankroll them. And the globalization would continue, but it would continue with permanent dissatisfaction among large segments of the people. ~ Branko Milanovic, #NFDB
1126:the Olin Foundation underwrote 83 percent of the costs for all Law and Economics programs in American law schools between the years of 1985 and 1989. Overall, it scattered more than $10 million to Harvard, $7 million to Yale and Chicago, and over $2 million to Columbia, Cornell, Georgetown, and the University of Virginia. Miller writes, “John Olin, in fact, was prouder of Law and Economics than any other program he supported. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1127:By the end of the meeting, one conscientious human being had cleared up the confusion generated by web-crawling data-gathering programs. The housing authority knew which Catherine Taylor it was dealing with. The question we’re left with is this: How many Wanda Taylors are out there clearing up false identities and other errors in our data? The answer: not nearly enough. Humans in the data economy are outliers and throwbacks. ~ Cathy O Neil, #NFDB
1128:There are recovery programs for people grieving the loss of a parent, sibling, or spouse. You can buy books on how to cope with the death of a beloved pet or work through the anguish of a miscarriage. We speak openly with one another about the bereavement that can accompany a layoff, a move, a diagnosis, or a dream deferred. But no one really teaches you how to grieve the loss of your faith. You’re on your own for that. ~ Rachel Held Evans, #NFDB
1129:There were more than 1,200 government organizations and nearly 2,000 private companies working on counterterrorism, homeland security, and intelligence programs, the Washington Post found in 2010, and more than 850,000 people in America had top-secret clearances, producing 50,000 intelligence reports a year. The U.S. intelligence budget alone has at least doubled since 2001, and by 2013, stood at more than $70 billion a year, ~ James Risen, #NFDB
1130:the selling of curriculum materials of a more general nature is a substantial business in itself. A captive audience of more than 40 million school children is attractive to all sorts of people for all sorts of reasons. The susceptibility of educators to such fasionable “innovations” is what opens the floodgates to permit the intrusion of such programs into the public schools. This susceptibility is only partly spontaneous. ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
1131:A wise man once said, 'Every one of us is given the gift of life, and what a strange gift it is. If it is preserved jealously and selfishly, it impoverishes and saddens. But if it is spent for others, it enriches and beautifies.' My fellow Americans: We can debate policies and programs, but in the end what separates the two parties in this election campaign is whether we use the gift of life for others or only ourselves. ~ Geraldine Ferraro, #NFDB
1132:Between these two programs---the industrial and the agrarian, the global and the local---the most critical difference is that of knowledge. The global economy institutionalizes a global ignorance, in which producers and consumers cannot know or care about one another, and in which the histories of all products will be lost. In such circumstances, the degradation of products and places, producers and consumers, is inevitable. ~ Wendell Berry, #NFDB
1133:I would love to see the world's space programs continue toward sending humans to an asteroid or to Mars, with, of course, a full plan in place to bring them back. That excites me. And one of the things that excites me most about space is that we can go up there and put spacecraft in orbit with sensors that will help us measure the health of our planet, which is becoming particularly important. Our planet needs to be observed. ~ Marc Garneau, #NFDB
1134:Programmers waste enormous amounts of time thinking about, or worrying about, the speed of noncritical parts of their programs, and these attempts at efficiency actually have a strong negative impact when debugging and maintenance are considered. We should forget about small efficiencies, say about 97% of the time: premature optimization is the root of all evil. Yet we should not pass up our opportunities in that critical 3%. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
1135:Kennedy, who had a mentally ill sister, also moved more actively than presidential predecessors to advance the cause of mental health. In 1963 Congress passed a Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Act, which funded local mental health centers that were to provide a range of out-patient services, including marital counseling, help for delinquents, and programs for unwed mothers and alcoholics. ~ James T Patterson, #NFDB
1136:That's the power of the open-source approach to intellectual goods. Even if Monsanto had wanted to control the world's gran, the company would never have succeeded: farmers save and share seeds, and in countries like Bangladesh and India national seed-breeding programs have been instituted to make sure people can get seed they can afford. There are open-source grains and cheap public seed banks in many developing countries. ~ Michael Specter, #NFDB
1137:Finally, Obama’s remarks are carefully constructed to undermine the arguments of conservatives, who frame the social programs funded by taxation as government handouts to the undeserving. Obama flips the taxes-as-handouts frame on its head, to yield a frame in which tax breaks are handouts to the rich, and the estate tax is a transfer of wealth from ordinary taxpayers to wealthy individuals—a frame that tells a vital truth. It ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
1138:Holland's and Kauffman's work, together with Dawkins' simulations of evolution and Varela's models of autopoietic systems, provide essential inspiration for the new discipline of artificial life, This approach, initiated by Chris Langton (1989, 1992), tries to develop technological systems (computer programs and autonomous robots) that exhibit lifelike properties, such as reproduction, sexuality, swarming, and co-evolution. ~ John Henry Holland, #NFDB
1139:We must establish all over the country schools of our own to train our own children to become scientists, to become mathematicians. We must realize the need for adult education and for job retraining programs that will emphasize a changing society in which automation plays the key role. We intend to use the tools of education to help raise our people to an unprecedented level of excellence and self respect through their own efforts. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
1140:We should balance the budget. If government programs are important enough, we need to pay for them with taxes or make cuts in lesser programs. We've lost that discipline entirely. It seems prudent to avoid the possibility that the people who own our debt will start to worry the U.S. won't pay. That would raise how much it would cost the U.S. to borrow, which in a national emergency, like a war or pandemic, could be critical. ~ Robert J Samuelson, #NFDB
1141:Both sides are reinforced in their suspicions by the military maneuvers and defense programs of the other. Even when they are “normal”—that is, composed of measures a country would reasonably take in defense of national interest as it is generally understood—they are interpreted in terms of worst-case scenarios. Each side has a responsibility for taking care lest its unilateral deployments and conduct escalate into an arms race. ~ Henry Kissinger, #NFDB
1142:Missoula has a culture uniquely its own, however, thanks to the fusion of its gritty frontier heritage with the university’s myriad impacts. UM has nationally distinguished programs in biology and ecology and is perhaps even more renowned for its literary bona fides. The faculty of the university’s Creative Writing Program, founded in 1920, has included such influential authors as Richard Hugo, James Crumley, and William Kittredge. ~ Jon Krakauer, #NFDB
1143:One of the principles we teach in our programs is “If you shoot for the stars, you’ll at least hit the moon.” Poor people don’t even shoot for the ceiling in their house, and then they wonder why they’re not successful. Well, they just found out. You get what you truly intend to get. If you want to get rich, your goal has to be rich. Not to have enough to pay the bills, and not just to have enough to be comfortable. Rich means rich! ~ T Harv Eker, #NFDB
1144:... self-esteem does not cause high grades-instead, high grades cause higher self-esteem. So self-esteem programs clearly put the cart before the horse in trying to increase self-esteem.
...Self-esteem is an outcome, not a cause. It doesn't do much good to encourage a child to feel good about himself just to feel good; this doesn't mean anything. Children develop true self-esteem from behaving well and accomplishing things. ~ Jean M Twenge,#NFDB
1145:There is no virtue in compulsory government charity. And no virtue in advocating it. A politician who commends himself as “caring” and “sensitive” because he wants to expand the government’s charitable programs is merely saying that he’s willing to try to do good with other people’s money. Who isn’t? A voter who takes pride in supporting such programs is telling us that he’ll do good with his own money—if a gun is held to his head. ~ P J O Rourke, #NFDB
1146:The big change has been in the hardware/software cost ratio. The buyer of a $2-million machine in 1960 felt that he could afford $250,000 more for a customized payroll program, one that slipped easily and nondisruptively into the computer-hostile social environment. Buyers of $50,000 office machines today cannot conceivably afford customized payroll programs; so they adapt their payroll procedures to the packages available. ~ Frederick P Brooks Jr, #NFDB
1147:The Center for Immigration Studies estimates that 62 percent of households headed by illegal immigrants use some form of cash or non-cash welfare programs like food stamps or housing assistance, tremendous costs, by the way, to our country, tremendous costs. This directly violates the federal public charge law designed to protect the United States Treasury. Those who abuse our welfare system will be priorities for immediate removal. ~ Donald Trump, #NFDB
1148:The omnibus programs passed under the Social Security Act in 1935 were crafted in such a way as to protect the southern way of life. Old-age insurance (Social Security proper) and unemployment insurance excluded farmworkers and domestics—jobs heavily occupied by blacks. When President Roosevelt signed Social Security into law in 1935, 65 percent of African Americans nationally and between 70 and 80 percent in the South were ineligible. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1149:In a bygone era government was solely responsible for addressing the Nation’s biggest problems, from building the interstate highway system to the New Deal social programs. However, today’s challenges are more complicated and interconnected than ever before and cannot be solved by a single actor or solution. That is why government has an opportunity to engage with the actors in the Impact Economy from non-profits to businesses. ~ Anand Giridharadas, #NFDB
1150:The value of market esoterica to the consumer of investment advice is a different story. In my opinion, investment success will not be produced by arcane formulae, computer programs or signals flashed by the price behavior of stocks and markets. Rather an investor will succeed by coupling good business judgment with an ability to insulate his thoughts and behavior from the super-contagious emotions that swirl about the marketplace. ~ Warren Buffett, #NFDB
1151:He does no dreaming about a “perfect state” or “absolute justice.” In fact, Mosca suggests what I had occasion to mention in connection with Dante: namely, that political doctrines which promise utopias and absolute justice are very likely to lead to much worse social effects than doctrines less entrancing in appearance; that utopian programs may even be the most convenient of cloaks for those whose real aims are most rightly suspect. ~ James Burnham, #NFDB
1152:Should any political party attempt to abolish social security unemployment insurance and eliminate labor laws and farm programs you would not hear of that party again in our political history. There is a tiny splinter group of course that believes you can do these things. Among them are a few other Texas oil millionaires and an occasional politician or business man from other areas. Their number is negligible and they are stupid. ~ Dwight D Eisenhower, #NFDB
1153:You also have an implicit memory system. The implicit system is where we store how to perform physical tasks. For instance, if you’ve ever gone a long time without riding a bicycle and then rode one successfully, you can thank your implicit memory system. The implicit memory system is the home of so-called “muscle memory” which is really just a way of saying “well developed neural programs which can be executed without conscious thought. ~ Massad Ayoob, #NFDB
1154:Relationships versus programs. Programs ordinarily presuppose that the people in the pews are simply an audience. On the other hand, building relationships in the church—through scripturally teaching one another, encouraging one another, listening to one another, confessing to one another, forgiving one another, and interacting with one another in a host of other ways—will transform the church from a passive audience to a living family. ~ Randall Arthur, #NFDB
1155:At the core of One Spirit Medicine is the idea that how we perceive the world 'out there' is a projection of internal maps that shape our beliefs and guide how we think, feel and behave. These maps are the unconscious programs that drive our experience of life and the state of our health. The key to optimum health is to upgrade these unconscious maps and limiting beliefs that have been driving us to a toxic lifestyle and relationships. ~ Alberto Villoldo, #NFDB
1156:Gates’s implicit criticism of Gmail was that it was wasteful in its means of storing each email. Despite his currency with cutting-edge technologies, his mentality was anchored in the old paradigm of storage being a commodity that must be conserved. He had written his first programs under a brutal imperative for brevity. And Microsoft’s web-based email service reflected that parsimony. The young people at Google had no such mental barriers. ~ Steven Levy, #NFDB
1157:As long as we cling to the superstition that we must look to government for money supply, instead of requiring it to look to us, just so long must we remain the subjects of government and it is vain to follow this or that policy or party or ism in the hope of salvation. We can control government and our own destiny only through our money power and until we exert that power it is useless for us to debate the pros and cons of political programs. ~ E C Riegel, #NFDB
1158:The steady progress made by North Korea on its nuclear and missile programs is deeply concerning. The US cannot solve this problem alone. However, in order to take steps that could fundamentally affect the North Korean leadership and its decision-making, we need to work even more closely with our allies in the region who feel this threat acutely. I would urge China, in particular, to intensify its leadership role in helping to solve this crisis. ~ Sam Nunn, #NFDB
1159:Von Neumann languages do not have useful properties for reasoning about programs. Axiomatic and denotational semantics are precise tools for describing and understanding conventional programs, but they only talk about them and cannot alter their ungainly properties. Unlike von Neumann languages, the language of ordinary algebra is suitable both for stating its laws and for transforming an equation into its solution, all within the "language." ~ John Backus, #NFDB
1160:Every algorithm has an input and an output: the data goes into the computer, the algorithm does what it will with it, and out comes the result. Machine learning turns this around: in goes the data and the desired result and out comes the algorithm that turns one into the other. Learning algorithms—also known as learners—are algorithms that make other algorithms. With machine learning, computers write their own programs, so we don’t have to. ~ Pedro Domingos, #NFDB
1161:Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac - two bloated and corrupt government-sponsored programs - contributed heavily to the crisis.In order to prevent another crisis, we need to do what we should have done years ago - reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. We also need to repeal Dodd-Frank, the Democrats' failed solution. Under Dodd-Frank, 10 banks too big to fail have become five banks too big to fail. Thousands of community banks have gone out of business. ~ Carly Fiorina, #NFDB
1162:I'll give you a simple formula for straightening out the problems of the United States. First, you tax the churches. You take the tax off of capital gains and the tax off of savings. You decriminalize all and tax them same way as you do alcohol. You decriminalize . You make gambling legal. That will put the budget back on the road to recovery, and you'll have plenty of tax revenue coming in for all of your social programs, and to run the army. ~ Frank Zappa, #NFDB
1163:DOES EVERYONE IN AND NO ONE OUT INCLUDE ALL IMMIGRANTS? Immigrants contribute tens of billions of dollars to our economy, and the sustainability of programs such as Social Security and Medicare to a significant extent depends on taxes paid by such workers. Further, health costs for immigrants are about one-third those of NHWs. Ethical, religious, and humane issues could all be raised to support improving access to care for such immigrants. ~ David Cay Johnston, #NFDB
1164:Not only is federal spending out of control, it is also inefficient and poorly monitored. A recent report issued by the comptroller general of the United States, Gene Dodaro, disclosed that duplicative or overlapping federal spending programs exist in 132 areas, from teacher training to job training.40 Dodaro also found that improper payments by eighteen different federal departments in 2012 cost the federal government a whopping $107 billion.41 ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
1165:The accounts are swept for irregularities every evening at the bank’s closing. The computer programs are impressive in that regard—sophisticated, sensitive—and their algorithms are able to identify irregularities with a high level of certainty. But a computer is only half the story. A human has to see it. A human has to be assigned to look at the readouts, examine the data more closely, double-check it, trace it back, put two and two together. ~ Jonathan Stone, #NFDB
1166:Here are a few common time-consumers in small businesses with online presences. Submitting articles to drive traffic to site and build mailing lists Participating in or moderating discussion forums and message boards Managing affiliate programs Creating content for and publishing newsletters and blog postings Background research components of new marketing initiatives or analysis of current marketing results Don’t expect miracles from a single ~ Timothy Ferriss, #NFDB
1167:Studies on the impact of abstinence-only programs aren’t conclusive and seem to depend to some extent on the ideology of those conducting the study. But on balance, the evidence suggests that they slightly delay the debut of sexual activity; once it has been initiated, however, kids are less likely to use contraception. The studies suggest that the result is more pregnancies, more abortions, more sexually transmitted diseases, and more HIV. ~ Nicholas D Kristof, #NFDB
1168:Despite all the opinions churchless (and churched) people offer about musical styles, architecture, sound systems, creativity, intellectualism, and the menu of programs provided by churches, none of these is the main attraction. These elements are nice sideshows, but people don’t come to church for the carnival rides. They come to meet God. People complain about the uncomfortable seats and stale popcorn when center stage is empty of the main event. ~ George Barna, #NFDB
1169:Here's a group of people - this is how the liberals think - a group of people, smokers, we hate 'em. They're yuk, they're filthy, they're dirty, they spread disease, yuk, but we need their money because we're funding children's health care programs. So we'll gladly get 'em addicted to the product, then we won't let 'em smoke 'em anywhere legally. We're gonna be pursuing these people every which way can but, by God, we're gonna make 'em pay for it. ~ Rush Limbaugh, #NFDB
1170:Therefore, when I look for a church, I look for the music that best fits me and the programs that best cater to me and my family. When I make plans for my life and career, it is about what works best for me and my family. When I consider the house I will live in, the car I will drive, the clothes I will wear, the way I will live, I will choose according to what is best for me. This is the version of Christianity that largely prevails in our culture. ~ David Platt, #NFDB
1171:1. The mind programs the functioning of the brain. We are born with a limited number of “hardwired” reflexes, but the human being has the “longest apprenticeship” of all animals, during which learning takes place. “Homo sapiens,” he wrote, “arrives with a tremendous part of his nervous mass left unpatterned, unconnected, so that each individual, depending on where he happens to be born, can organize his brain to fit the demands of his surroundings. ~ Norman Doidge, #NFDB
1172:Everything finally unraveled for McCarthy in early 1954. In March and April, Edward R. Murrow, a widely respected investigative reporter, ran a series of programs concerning McCarthy on "See It Now," a CBS network production. It was the first time that television—which had expanded by then to 25 million households—had exposed him in any major way. For the most part Murrow let McCarthy's bullying words and truculent actions speak for themselves. ~ James T Patterson, #NFDB
1173:Fine-art photography is a very small world associated with galleries, museums, and university art programs. It's not like rock music; the products of this world have never been widely seen because the artists are often exploring things that are not already coded in general consciousness. It's not that photographers don't want to be famous, it's just that very few of the views from the edges of culture make the mainstream. Ansel Adams was an exception. ~ Mark Klett, #NFDB
1174:When human beings acquired language, we learned not just how to listen but how to speak. When we gained literacy, we learned not just how to read but how to write. And as we move into an increasingly digital reality, we must learn not just how to use programs but how to make them. In the emerging highly programmed landscape ahead, you will either create the software or you will be the software. It’s really that simple: Program, or be programmed. ~ Douglas Rushkoff, #NFDB
1175:Most programs are not write-once. They are reworked and rewritten again and again in their lived. Bugs must be debugged. Changing requirements and the need for increased functionality mean the program itself may be modified on an ongoing basis. During this process, human beings must be able to read and understand the original code. It is therefore more important by far for humans to be able to understand the program than it is for the computer. ~ Yukihiro Matsumoto, #NFDB
1176:The youthful volunteers who staffed the anti-poverty offices and community actions programs of the Kennedy-Johnson years were, like the religious and benevolent workers of the last century, fleeing events in the lowland South, namely the rise of Black Power…the liberal television commentators and welfare bureaucrats who displayed Appalachian poverty to the nation took obvious relish in the white skins and blue eyes of the region’s hungry children. ~ Elizabeth Catte, #NFDB
1177:it was Greenspan who through some excessive deregulation prepared the monetary ground for the rise of the subprime mortgage companies: a lending market that specialises in high-risk mortgages and loans.
'Innovation', said Greenspan in April 2005, 'has brought about a multitude of new products, such as subprime loans and niche credit programs for immigrants'.
It is almost touching to find out that Greenspan cares so much about immigrants. ~ Gilad Atzmon,#NFDB
1178:Slavery remained in the Deep South by other names - in prison programs with charges over nothing and eternal debt that threatened every African-American in the South right up through World War II. And that was after killing three-quarters of a million people, destroying cities, and creating hostility that exists to this day over the the Confederate flag and the racism it symbolizes, all brewing out of bitterness over a war that didn't have to happen. ~ David Swanson, #NFDB
1179:There is no virtue in compulsory government charity, and there is no virtue in advocating it. A politician who portrays himself as "caring" and "sensitive" because he wants to expand the government's charitable programs is merely saying that he's willing to try to do good with other people's money. Well, who isn't? And a voter who takes pride in supporting such programs is telling us that he'll do good with his own money - if a gun is held to his head. ~ P J O Rourke, #NFDB
1180:Without a deal [with Iran], the international sanctions regime will unravel with little ability to reimpose them. With this deal, we have the possibility of peacefully resolving a major threat to regional and international security. Without a deal, we risk even more war in the Middle East and other countries in the region would feel compelled to pursue their own nuclear programs, threatening a nuclear arms race in the most volatile region in the world. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
1181:There are tribes, I should say nations, which prior to the AIM movement had only ten or fifteen employees, and now have upwards of 2000. There are educational programs that didn't exist before, there are housing programs, health programs, senior citizen programs, cultural programs and the list goes on. It's all because some people stood up and said sovereignty is our right by treaty and the constitution says treaty law is the supreme law of the land. ~ Leonard Peltier, #NFDB
1182:There is no virtue in compulsory government charity, and there is no virtue in advocating it. A politician who portrays himself as "caring" and "sensitive" because he wants to expand the government's charitable programs is merely saying that he's willing to try to do good with other people's money. Well, who isn't? And a voter who takes pride in supporting such programs is telling us that he'll do good with his own money -- if a gun is held to his head. ~ P J O Rourke, #NFDB
1183:Gabriel Feldman, M.D., director of the prostate and colorectal cancer programs for the American Cancer Society, admits, “We don’t need years of research. If people would implement what we know today, cancer rates would drop. It’s that simple.” Dr. Max Gerson was correct in his medical/nutritional literary presentation of 1958 before the advent of fast food restaurants and supermarket convenience foods, and his intuitions are even more accurate today. ~ Charlotte Gerson, #NFDB
1184:I believe in keeping guns out of our inner cities, and that our leaders must say so in the face of the gun manfuacturer's lobby. But I also believe that when a gangbanger shoots indiscriminately into a crowd because he feels someone disrespected him, we have a problem of morality. Not only do we need to punish that man for his crime, but we need to acknowledge that there's a hole in his heart, one that government programs alone may not be able to repair. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
1185:More evidence against abstinence-only programs may be gleaned from the 2013 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health published in the British Medical Journal and conducted by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill between 1995 and 2009 on more than seventy-eight hundred women; remarkably, it was discovered that 0.5 percent—or one in two hundred—of adolescent girls had reported that they’d become pregnant without sex. Are ~ Michael Shermer, #NFDB
1186:I found marketing to be highly descriptive and prescriptive, without much of a foundation in deep research. I brought in economics, organization theory, mathematics, and social psychology in my first edition of Marketing Management in 1967. Today Marketing Management is in its 15th edition and remains the world's leading textbook on marketing in MBA programs. Subsequently, I wrote two more textbooks, Principles of Marketing and Marketing: an Introduction. ~ Philip Kotler, #NFDB
1187:We might summarize our present human situation by the simple statement: that in the 20th century, the glory of the human has become the desolation of the Earth and now the desolation of the Earth is becoming the destiny of the human.
From here on, the primary judgment of all human institutions, professions, programs and activities will be determined by the extent to which they inhibit, ignore, or foster a mutually-enhancing human/Earth relationship. ~ Thomas Berry,#NFDB
1188:Being dismantled before our eyes are not just individual programs that politicians cite as too expensive but the whole idea that society has a stake in the well-being of children down the block and the security of families on the other side of town. Whether or not kids eat well, are nurtured and have a roof over their heads is not just a consequence of how their parents behave. It is also a responsibility of society--but now apparently a diminishing one. ~ Richard Stolley, #NFDB
1189:Finally, it means creating a growth-mindset environment in which people can thrive. This involves: • Presenting skills as learnable • Conveying that the organization values learning and perseverance, not just ready-made genius or talent • Giving feedback in a way that promotes learning and future success • Presenting managers as resources for learning Without a belief in human development, many corporate training programs become exercises of limited value. ~ Carol S Dweck, #NFDB
1190:It is more important to be than to do, for if I am what God wants me to be, then I will do what He wants me to do. If I try to promote a program, however well-meaning, without personal holiness, it will be tainted by the defects of my life. It may lack the direction of full knowledge of the Word, or the discernment of maturity, or the direction that comes through unclouded fellowship with the Lord. Primarily we do not need to develop programs, but people. ~ Charles C Ryrie, #NFDB
1191:[The Republicans] offer . . . a detailed agenda for national renewal. . . . [On] reducing illegitimacy . . . the state will use . . . funds for programs to reduce out-of-wedlock pregnancies, to promote adoption, to establish and operate children's group homes, to establish and operate residential group homes for unwed mothers, or for any purpose the state deems appropriate. None of the taxpayer funds may be used for abortion services or abortion counseling. ~ Newt Gingrich, #NFDB
1192:The U.S. war crimes office for the chief counsel wrote up a list of doctors involved in medical research that resulted in “mercy killings,” a euphemism used by the Reich for its medical murder programs. The list was classified with a strict caveat that access to it remain “restricted for 80 years from the date of creation.” This meant that, by the time the world would know who was on this list, it would be the year 2025, and everyone named would be dead. A ~ Annie Jacobsen, #NFDB
1193:Managers aren’t looking for ten- or twenty-year change programs—they want simple, objective goals: profit, growth, healthy quarterly reports, trained people, orderly markets, competitive advantage. Until these organizations face reality, give up the futile quest for control and begin to respect such concepts as workplace democracy, the need to question everything, and the search for a more balanced existence, even the most modest goals will be beyond reach. ~ Ricardo Semler, #NFDB
1194:The programs that have been discussed over the last couple days in the press are secret in the sense that they are classified but they are not secret in the sense that when it comes to phone calls every member of Congress has been briefed on this program. With respect to all these programs the relevant intelligence committees are fully briefed on these programs. These are programs that have been authorized by broad bipartisan majorities repeatedly since 2006. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
1195:When NASA makes discoveries they are profound and they make headlines, everyone takes notice. It drives dialogue and, today, it would drive the blogosphere. It would drive the projects the kids do in school. So you wouldn't even need programs to try and stimulate curiosity. You wouldn't need programs to try to convince people that science literacy is good. Because they're going to want to participate on this epic adventure that we call space exploration. ~ Neil deGrasse Tyson, #NFDB
1196:I equate true spiritual insight with wisdom, which is different from knowledge. Knowledge can be obtained through many sources: books, stories, songs, legends, myths, and, in modern times, computers and television programs. On the other hand, there’s only one real source of wisdom—pain. Any experience that provides a person with wisdom will also usually provide them with a scar. The greater the pain, the greater the realization. Faith is spiritual rigor mortis. ~ Damien Echols, #NFDB
1197:It estimated that for every $1 million spent on controlling supply in “source countries” in Latin America, there would be a reduction of about 10 kilograms in the total amount of cocaine consumed in the United States. If $1 million were spent trying to intercept cocaine further down the supply chain, on its way to America, that would save more like 20 kilograms. Prevention programs in schools were a bit more effective, saving about 25 kilograms per $1 million. ~ Tom Wainwright, #NFDB
1198:Through such neglect the child’s consciousness eventually becomes overwhelmed with the processes of drasticizing and catastrophizing. Drasticizing and catastrophizing are critic processes that lead the child to constantly rehearse fearful scenarios in a vain attempt to prepare himself for the worst. This is the process by which Cptsd with its overdeveloped stress and toxic shame programs sets in and becomes triggerable by a plethora of normally innocuous stimuli. ~ Pete Walker, #NFDB
1199:Programmers are always surrounded by complexity; we cannot avoid it. Our applications are complex because we are ambitious to use our computers in ever more sophisticated ways. Programming is complex because of the large number of conflicting objectives for each of our programming projects. If our basic tool, the language in which we design and code our programs, is also complicated, the language itself becomes part of the problem rather than part of its solution. ~ C A R Hoare, #NFDB
1200:When Lyndon Johnson was lobbying Congress to pass his Great Society programs, he reportedly said, ‘If we pass this the niggers will all vote Democratic for the next two centuries.’ I don’t know if he said that, but that has been the consequence. People do whatever it takes to get free money, because without an education and job opportunity they can’t make it in America. We have to change that or we won’t want to live in the poor socialist empire that will result. ~ Stephen Coonts, #NFDB
1201:I came in with a healthy skepticism about these programs. My team evaluated them. We scrubbed them thoroughly. We actually expanded some of the oversight, increased some of the safeguards. But my assessment, and my team's assessment was that they help us prevent terrorist attacks. In the abstract, you can complain about 'Big Brother' and how this is a potential program run amok. But when you actually look at the details, then, I think we've struck the right balance. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
1202:The best solution would be better strategies for more rapid economic growth and getting people jobs and increases in income. You should simply be clear about matching problems and solutions. If the problem is someone can't find a job because they don't have the skills and they need some retraining, extending emergency unemployment isn't going to solve that. You need the job training programs or the skills bills that come out of the House and are sitting in the Senate. ~ Harry Reid, #NFDB
1203:The judicial mechanisms that states employ to accomplish programs of mass incarceration include laws and strategies of enforcement explicitly designed to imprison large populations. Methods include expansion of the list of criminal offenses punishable by prison terms, as well as harsher sentencing practices that impose long prison terms for crimes not previously prosecuted at all: being Jewish in Nazi Germany, or being an enemy of the state in Stalin’s Russia. ~ David Cay Johnston, #NFDB
1204:Brian Walker and David Salt have written a thoughtful and powerful book to help resource users and managers put resilience thinking into practice and aim toward increasing the sustainability of our world. I urge public officials, scholars, and students in public policy programs to place this volume on their list of must-read books. It is a powerful antidote to the overly simplified proposals too often offered as solutions to contemporary problems at multiple scales. ~ Elinor Ostrom, #NFDB
1205:I don’t predict the demise of object-oriented programming, by the way. Though I don’t think it has much to offer good programmers, except in certain specialized domains, it is irresistible to large organizations. Object-oriented programming offers a sustainable way to write spaghetti code. It lets you accrete programs as a series of patches. Large organizations always tend to develop software this way, and I expect this to be as true in a hundred years as it is today. ~ Paul Graham, #NFDB
1206:It's amnesty that America can't afford. We have to stop people from coming in illegally. This will be a green light for anyone who wants to come to America illegally and then be granted citizenship one day... The majority that are here illegally are low-skilled or may not even have a high school diploma. The Republican Party is not going to compete over who can give more social programs out. They will become Democrats because of the social programs they'll depend on. ~ Lou Barletta, #NFDB
1207:The people who run the mass media and those who consume it are really in the same boat. They must continue to produce things they do not really admire, still less love, in order to continue buying things they do not really want, still less need. If we were dealing only with fintails, two-tone cars, or programs like Gunsmoke, the situation would not be so grave. The trouble is that serious things are handled (and received) with the same essential lack of seriousness. ~ James Baldwin, #NFDB
1208:The present era grabs everything that was ever written in order to transform it into films, TV programs; or cartoons. What is essential in a novel is precisely what can only be expressed in a novel, and so every adaptation contains nothing but the non-essential. If a person is still crazy enough to write novels nowadays and wants to protect them, he has to write them in such a way that they cannot be adapted, in other words, in such a way that they cannot be retold. ~ Milan Kundera, #NFDB
1209:Most therapy programs do little more than provide psychopaths with new excuses and rationalizations for their behavior and new insights into human vulnerability. They may learn new and better ways of manipulating other people, but they make little effort to change their own views and attitudes or to understand that other people have needs, feelings, and rights. In particular, attempts to teach psychopaths how to “really feel” remorse or empathy are doomed to failure. ~ Robert D Hare, #NFDB
1210:The left hemisphere acts as an "interpreter," watching the actions and behaviors of the body and assigning a coherent narrative to these events. And the left hemisphere works this way even in normal, intact brains. Hidden programs drive actions, and the left hemisphere makes justifications. This idea of retrospective storytelling suggests that we come to know our own attitudes and emotions, at least partially, by inferring them from observations of our own behavior. ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
1211:God doesn’t bless programs-God blesses people. Men today are in danger of following a God they read about and hear about but never actually know personally. When God encounters a man, he reveals something that is God-like and God-sized. Too often we reduce our lives and futures down to what we can handle. When you start to listen to God, you will hear him tell you that he is about to do the impossible. And when you obey him, you will experience what he said to you. ~ Henry T Blackaby, #NFDB
1212:On top of these programs, the foundation doled out $8 million to more than a hundred John M. Olin faculty fellows. These funds enabled scores of young academics to take the time needed to research and write in order to further their careers. The roster of recipients includes John Yoo, the legal scholar who went on to become the author of the George W. Bush administration’s controversial “torture memo” legalizing the American government’s brutalization of terror suspects. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1213:We have to remember, lefts are the people who created unsustainable national debt, unsustainable health insurance, health care, unsustainable college tuition and debt, unsustainable social welfare programs. Everything the left creates is unsustainable, it can't go on. Everything they create will eventually implode because it can't work as they designed it. Nothing they do is sustainable. That's the great irony. But they claim to know how to sustain life as we know it. ~ Rush Limbaugh, #NFDB
1214:An institution which is financed by a budget - or which enjoys a monopoly which the customer cannot escape - is rewarded for what it deserves rather than what it earns. It is paid for 'good intentions' and 'programs'. It is paid for not alienating important constituents rather than satisfying any one group. It is misdirected by the way it is being paid into defining performance and results as what will produce the budget rather than as what will produce contribution. ~ Peter Drucker, #NFDB
1215:...I do not function too well on emotional motivations. I am wary of them. And I am wary of a lot of other things, such as plastic credit cards, payroll deductions, insurance programs, retirement benefits, savings accounts, Green Stamps, time clocks, newspapers, mortgages, sermons, miracle fabrics, deodorants, check lists, time payments, political parties, lending libraries, television, actresses, junior chambers of commerce, pageants, progress, and manifest destiny. ~ John D MacDonald, #NFDB
1216:The economics of television syndication and DVD sales mean that there's a tremendous financial pressure to make programs that can be watched multiple times, revealing new nuances and shadings on the third viewing. Meanwhile, the Web has created a forum for annotation and commentary that allows more complicated shows to prosper, thanks to the fan sites where each episode of shows like 'Lost' or 'Alias' is dissected with an intensity usually reserved for Talmud scholars. ~ Steven Johnson, #NFDB
1217:For me, promotional thing about some new album coming out destroys a lot of the excitement of making records. Records, movies, books - they're not supposed to be like math books. The purpose of them is to kind of take us out of ourselves and give us some sort of alternate experience or respite. To try to maximize the relationship of listening to a record through promotion is like experiencing driving a car by reading about stimulus programs. It kind of defeats the purpose. ~ Will Oldham, #NFDB
1218:The folks who think that code will one day disappear are like mathematicians who hope one day to discover a mathematics that does not have to be formal. They are hoping that one day we will discover a way to create machines that can do what we want rather than what we say. These machines will have to be able to understand us so well that they can translate vaguely specified needs into perfectly executing programs that precisely meet those needs. This will never happen. ~ Robert C Martin, #NFDB
1219:Together, they represented a vast bureaucracy hidden in plain sight: For every dollar that FEMA spent preparing for natural disasters, the agency’s public purpose, it spent $12 preparing for nuclear war and running COG programs. Nearly a third of FEMA’s entire workforce existed in the secret black budget, known to only twenty members of Congress and completely unknown to the general public. The innocuous-sounding National Program Office, run by Vice President George H. ~ Garrett M Graff, #NFDB
1220:I do not blame programmers for hard-to-use software, and I'm very sorry to have given any programmer a contrary impression. With few exceptions, the programmers I know are diligent and conscientious in their desire to please end users and are unceasing in their efforts to improve their programs' quality. Just like users, programmers are simply another victim of a flawed process that leaves them too little time, too many conflicting orders, and utterly insufficient guidance. ~ Alan Cooper, #NFDB
1221:The same grant programs that paid for local law enforcement agencies across the country to buy armored personnel carriers and drones have paid for Stingrays," said the ALCU's Soghoian. "Like drones, license plate readers, and biometric scanners, the Stingrays are yet another surveillance technology created by defense contractors for the military, and after years of use in war zones, it eventually trickles down to local and state agencies, paid for with DOJ and DHS money. ~ Jeremy Scahill, #NFDB
1222:Russians had a reputation for being the best programmers on Wall Street, and Serge thought he knew why: They had been forced to learn to program computers without the luxury of endless computer time. Many years later, when he had plenty of computer time, Serge still wrote out new programs on paper before typing them into the machine. “In Russia, time on the computer was measured in minutes,” he said. “When you write a program, you are given a tiny time slot to make it work. ~ Michael Lewis, #NFDB
1223:Scientists constantly get clobbered with the idea that we spent 27 billion dollars on the Apollo programs, and are asked "What more do you want?" We didn't spend it; it was done for political reasons. ... Apollo was a response to the Bay of Pigs fiasco and to the successful orbital flight of Yuri Gagarin. President Kennedy's objective was not to find out the origin of the moon by the end of the decade; rather it was to put a man on the moon and bring him back, and we did that. ~ Carl Sagan, #NFDB
1224:I'm actually working on with Autism Speaks. Since my brother's 18, I wanted to work on a program for these older kids. A lot of the schools' special education programs end when the kids are 21, like my brother's school. What is next for these kids? I want him to be constantly active, and not just sitting at home. I want him to be constantly growing and it would be amazing if the funds could go to something like jobs for these kids, or a home where they can be together. ~ Jacquelyn Jablonski, #NFDB
1225:Rather than treating our psychology like the unquestioned operating system (or OS) of our entire lives, we can repurpose it to function more like a user interface (or UI)—that easy-to-use dashboard that sits atop all the other, more complex programs. By treating the mind like a dashboard, by treating different states of consciousness like apps to be judiciously deployed, we can bypass a lot of psychological storytelling and get results faster and, often, with less frustration. ~ Steven Kotler, #NFDB
1226:Still, it is argued that millions of people benefit from such programs. Of course, trillions of dollars in government expenditures over many years most assuredly benefit the recipients of subsidies or other related payments. But this does not change the arithmetic. The eventual collapse of a colossal government venture will indiscriminately engulf an entire society and economy, including its millions of beneficiaries and benefactors, resulting in widespread disorder and misery. ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
1227:The Napoleon, the whisky and the Cinzano slept on the highest shelf, as unreal in their beauty and as out of reach as the women in American television programs. In their struggle for a higher existence, these men were forever stuck on the level of their forefathers, on the lowest shelf, where the bottles of white vodka and fruit wine stood open and ready. It was a safe and familiar legacy, the limit of their patrimony, their christening, their Sunday mass and their graveyard. ~ Andrzej Stasiuk, #NFDB
1228:Unfortunately, as inspiring as people find Barack Obama, change can be interpreted in so many different ways. I think he might do a great deal of good things for social programs here in America and as well, as much as people want to characterize anybody who's a leader and try and sell that, and market it and characterize them in a good way or a bad way, I think it's very telling about the system that we have when we come to the realization that the war is not going to end. ~ Immortal Technique, #NFDB
1229:Conservatives and liberals are kindred spirits as far as government spending is concerned. First, let's make sure we understand what government spending is. Since government has no resources of its own, and since there's no Tooth Fairy handing Congress the funds for the programs it enacts, we are forced to recognize that government spending is no less than the confiscation of one person's property to give it to another to whom it does not belong - in effect, legalized theft. ~ Walter E Williams, #NFDB
1230:I was never able to find it in the analysis of chemicals or in degree programs or in any of my schools. But sometimes I find it in the soft flutter of butterflies, in the wildness of plants growing undomesticated in a forest clearing, in the laughter and running of young children, their hair flowing in the wind, and sometimes, sometimes I find it in the words of teachers who come among us from time to time—out there, far outside these walls, in the wildness of the world. ~ Stephen Harrod Buhner, #NFDB
1231:To win in the game of life, we all need both a healthy mind and body. By involving children in the fun and dynamic fitness programs offered by Len Saunders, we help them maximize not only their physical potential, but more importantly their intellectual potential. You don't need to be an outstanding athlete to be physically fit - you just need to participate. This book is an outstanding reference for parents and educators alike who want to promote better health for our children. ~ Digger Phelps, #NFDB
1232:Trump's dividing us. Yes, but people were already divided; Trump just expressed that division. And we have to find a way to, within a very heterogeneous party, even though we're the minority, we're a much more diverse party, of course, than the Republicans are. How do we talk about universal programs, have a universal message, and make sure we're talking about recent immigrants and non-immigrants, African-Americans, Latinos, LGBT people, as well? To me, that is a serious problem. ~ Michael Kazin, #NFDB
1233:In Egypt the neoliberal programs have meant statistical growth, like right before the Arab Spring, Egypt was a kind of poster child for the World Bank and the IMF [International Monetary Fund:] the marvelous economic management and great reform. The only problem was for most of the population it was a kind of like a blow in the solar plexus: wages going down, benefits being eliminated, subsidized food gone and meanwhile, high concentration of wealth and a huge amount of corruption. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1234:Over the past 50 years, the main role of the federal government has evolved with the gradual expansion of mandatory entitlement spending and a commensurate reduction in the role of defense. In 1960, for example, 52 percent of the federal budget was spent on national defense, and 21 percent was spent on entitlement programs.Today, the roles have more than reversed with defense comprising just 18 percent of the federal budget and entitlement spending totaling 60 percent of the 2013 budget ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1235:Szabo reckoned that the future of libraries was a combination of a people’s university, a community hub, and an information base, happily partnered with the Internet rather than in competition with it. In practical terms, Szabo felt the library should begin offering classes and voter registration and literacy programs and story times and speaker series and homeless outreach and business services and computer access and movie rentals and e-book loans and a nice gift shop. Also, books. ~ Susan Orlean, #NFDB
1236:The Realistic
Vision acknowledges that people vary widely both physically and
intellectually—in large part because of natural inherited differences—and
therefore will rise (or fall) to their natural levels. Therefore governmental
redistribution programs are not only unfair to those from whom the wealth
is confiscated and redistributed, but the allocation of the wealth to those
who did not earn it cannot and will not work to equalize these natural
inequalities. ~ Michael Shermer,#NFDB
1237:Therefore, when I look for a church, I look for the music that best fits me and the programs that best cater to me and my family. When I make plans for my life and career, it is about what works best for me and my family. When I consider the house I will live in, the car I will drive, the clothes I will wear, the way I will live, I will choose according to what is best for me. This is the version of Christianity that largely prevails in our culture. But it is not biblical Christianity. ~ David Platt, #NFDB
1238:This is Democratic bedrock: we don't let people lie in the ditch and drive past and pretend not to see them dying. Here on the frozen tundra of Minnesota, if your neighbor's car won't start, you put on your parka and get the jumper cables out and deliver the Sacred Spark that starts their car. Everybody knows this. The logical extension of this spirit is social welfare and the myriad government programs with long dry names all very uninteresting to you until you suddenly need one. ~ Garrison Keillor, #NFDB
1239:At the time, I was in L.A., just auditioning and hoping to land a part, dramatic or comedic. I started to feel really stagnant, waiting for a part. I was also taking classes at UCB and Groundlings, and at the higher levels, they focus on writing. It was such a relief to be able to write. During those programs, I wrote a one-woman show called Me, Myself, and Iran, and it ended up getting to Tina Fey. She recommended me to audition for SNL, so I got my first of two auditions through her. ~ Nasim Pedrad, #NFDB
1240:elites have persistently underserved their constituents: Compared with villages that have more political competition or which are less dominated by the landlord caste, development outcomes are worse and pro-poor government programs are few or non-existent. Yet when asked by surveyors about authority, the villagers in the more exploited villagers in Sierra Leone are more likely to report that there ought be more support for authority as compared to villages with more political competition. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1241:There is a myth that the New Deal programs on their own pulled the US out of the Great Depression and created the conditions for the economic boom after World War II. As an economist, I can tell you, that is not true. In reality, it was mainly World War II that launched the boom - the massive war mobilization, the horrifying destruction and death caused by it, and then the reconstruction in its aftermath. he US was the only advanced capitalist country that was not bombed during the war. ~ Kshama Sawant, #NFDB
1242:If artificial intelligence and engineering can take us there, why not? Provided the engineered creatures are under human supervision, provided they have no way of acquiring autonomy and turning against us, and provided we will not have the means to program robots such that they can destroy the world, why not? It must be added that there are several dark scenarios regarding not so much future robots as future AI programs that do have doomsday potential and that need to be watched for. ~ Ant nio R Dam sio, #NFDB
1243:By government giveaway programs, individuals are often hurt far more than they are helped. The recipients of these programs become dependent on the government and their dignity is destroyed. Is it compassionate to enslave more and more people by making them a part of the government dependency cycle? I think compassion should be measured by how many people no longer need it. Helping people to become self-sufficient is much more compassionate than drugging them with the narcotic of welfare. ~ Rush Limbaugh, #NFDB
1244:Look beyond that light,' says my father. 'Look hard and you'll see people filing into the theater. You'll see ushers run up and down the aisles; people talk, programs rustle-you'll hear a murmur. When the lights start to dim, the murmur rises, and then, just a moment before the curtain goes up, the noise stops-everyone in the house holds their breath, everyone knows what is going to happen. This is the moment I've always loved most:the anticipation of magic, the expectation of illusion. ~ Elena Gorokhova, #NFDB
1245:Bear this research in mind when you listen to those who argue that our nation cannot afford to implement comprehensive early education programs for disadvantaged children and their families. If we as a village decide not to help families develop their children's brains, then at least let us admit that we are acting not on the evidence but according to a different agenda. And let us acknowledge that we are not using all the tools at our disposal to better the lives of our children. ~ Hillary Rodham Clinton, #NFDB
1246:In an interview on German TV, Edward J. Snowden said that his “breaking point” was “seeing Director of National Intelligence, James Clapper, directly lie under oath to Congress” by denying the existence of a domestic spying program conducted by the National Security Agency. Snowden elaborated that “the public had a right to know about these programs. The public had a right to know that which the government is doing in its name, and that which the government is doing against the public.” The ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1247:Organizations have to come to grips with the fact that tests of adaptive capability aren't always pleasant. Learning can be a powerful emotional event, and organizations have to be cognizant of that. They must understand that those who complete high-quality executive education programs are going to see the organization with fresh eyes after they return. Those who re-enter the workplace filled with new enthusiasm and new ideas often find a chilly response on the part of their supervisors. ~ Warren G Bennis, #NFDB
1248:Government programs aim at getting money for poor people. Our hope was that knowledge would in the long run be more useful, provide more money, and eventually strike at the system-causes of poverty. Government believes that poverty is just a lack of money. We felt, and continue to feel, that poverty is actually a lack of skill, and a lack of the self-esteem that comes with being able to take some part of one's life into one's own hands and work with others towards shared-call them social-goals. ~ Karl Hess, #NFDB
1249:In every major war we have fought in the 19th and 20th centuries. Americans have been asked to pay higher taxes - and nonessential programs have been cut - to support the military effort. Yet during this Iraq war, taxes have been lowered and domestic spending has climbed. In contrast to World War I, World War II, the Korean War and Vietnam, for most Americans this conflict has entailed no economic sacrifice. The only people really sacrificing for this war are the troops and their families. ~ Robert Hormats, #NFDB
1250:We put our children through their paces in school not so that they will learn something, or master something, or meet any standards. No. We give them tools so that they can experience the joy, the passion, of creating. All we are doing is saying, “Here, if you know this, there is more you can make; there is another path you can map; there is another song you can compose.” School—from pre-K to postdoc programs—exists so that we can all build more from within ourselves and with our colleagues. ~ Marc Aronson, #NFDB
1251:We really have to think about aging because women are living longer than men. More of the people who need care are women. A lot of them are living alone, with no one to care for them, or they're shunted into institutions. I would like to see a sensible aging policy more like what the Nordic countries have. They're cutting back those programs, but there you can still have in-home nursing care. You don't have to rely on your children. I personally don't want to be a burden on my daughter. ~ Martha C Nussbaum, #NFDB
1252:We repeat like a religious mantra the unquestioned benefits and power of science, information and economics, without inspecting the structures and methodology on which they are built. Many of these beliefs are insupportable and dangerous. For example, the notion that human beings are so clever that we can use science and technology to escape the restrictions of the natural world is a fantasy that cannot be fulfilled. Yet it underlies much of government’s and industry’s rhetoric and programs. ~ David Suzuki, #NFDB
1253:Between 1900 and 1930, the percentage of PhDs awarded to women doubled, and then, for three decades, it fell.6 The gains made by women in the beginning of the twentieth century were lost, everywhere, as women who had fought their way into colleges and graduate programs found that they were barred from the top ranks of the academy. No structural changes had been made that would have allowed women to pursue a life of the mind while raising children: many quit; many were kicked out; most gave up. ~ Jill Lepore, #NFDB
1254:Of special note are certain divisional arrangements of main functions that are organized and coordinated by different brain components. For example, several nuclei in the brain stem, hypothalamus, and telencephalon are in charge of producing the behaviors to which I referred above, known as drives, motivations, and emotions with which the brain responds to a variety of internal and external conditions with preset programs of actions (e.g., secretion of certain molecules, actual movements ~ Ant nio R Dam sio, #NFDB
1255:The vision we have of conversational programming takes in much more than rapid turn around time and convenient debugging aids: our most interesting programs are never wrong and never final. [...] What is new is the requirement to make variable in our languages what we had previously taken as fixed. I do not refer to new data classes now, but to variables whose values are programs or parts of programs, syntax or parts of syntax, and regimes of control. ~ Alan Perlis, The Synthesis of Algorithmic Systems, 1966, #NFDB
1256:To say now that the negative results of globalization are simply Destiny is to say that a whole new round of social divisions and violence is also our Destiny. In other words, the collapsing job market, slipping standards of living, the loss of fair regulations, the evaporation of big business tax revenues and the weakening of social programs are inevitable and so we must begin the endless, sterile battles of social division all over again.
(IV - From Managers and Speculators to Growth) ~ John Ralston Saul,#NFDB
1257:One more time? We've done this. We've done this at least four times where there's a new government program to help homeowners who have trouble with their mortgages. None of these programs have worked. I don't know why anyone would think that this next idea is going to work. All it does is delay the clearing of the market. As soon as the market clears and we understand where the prices really are - that will be the most important thing we can do in order to improve home values around the country. ~ John Boehner, #NFDB
1258:I made this bad joke on Twitter saying, "I want to put in my first no-bid contract to train the Libyan army and police force." These counter-insurgency guys like to say, "We don't do the big F-16 or big boondoggle projects, we're not pulling this stuff because it's good business." But in fact it turns out there are tons of business opportunities involving counter-insurgency operations - and it's not like we're getting rid of the boondoggle programs either, we're just doing more of everything. ~ Michael Hastings, #NFDB
1259:and public transportation applied economic pressure. Freedom Riders—African Americans and whites—took bus trips throughout the South to test federal laws that banned segregation in interstate transportation. Black students had enrolled in segregated schools such as Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas, and the University of Alabama. Picketing, protest marches, and demonstrations made headlines. Civil rights workers carried out programs for voter education and registration. The goal was ~ Christopher Paul Curtis, #NFDB
1260:Don't be obstinate. It's not attractive in someone so young. I know you understand what I mean. Two hundred years ago, would anyone, even the most learned scientist, believe you if you told him one day men would walk on the moon and send information through the very air? I will supply my own response:no. But today these are unremarkable events. Perhaps the same is true of ritual-perhaps on the Day of Days the schematic of God's great machine will be as obvious to you as the code in your programs. ~ G Willow Wilson, #NFDB
1261:If you already have the student loans or don’t want to get a loan in the first place, look into the “underserved areas” programs. The government will pay for school or pay off your student loans if you will go to work in an underserved area. These areas are typically rural or inner-city areas. Most of these programs are for law and medicine. If you are in nursing, work a few years in an inner-city hospital with the less fortunate, and you will get a free education, courtesy of the federal government. ~ Dave Ramsey, #NFDB
1262:My daemons are crashing,' the computer tech said. I thought I’d misheard over the crush of the computer store, but then she repeated it. 'My smart phone wasn’t working because the computer daemons in it were crashing. Computer daemons are programs that wait in the background until you call them into service, sort of like the original idea of genies, or jinn, that give magical help if you have the power to call and control them. Not too far off from some of the mysterious workings of computers. ~ Laurell K Hamilton, #NFDB
1263:George Mason was the Kochs’ largest libertarian academic project but far from the only one. By 2015, according to an internal list, the Charles Koch Foundation was subsidizing pro-business, antiregulatory, and antitax programs in 307 different institutions of higher education in America and had plans to expand into 18 more. The schools ranged from cash-hungry West Virginia University to Brown University, where the Kochs, in the tradition of the Olin Foundation, established an Ivy League “beachhead.” At ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1264:As a mother, anything to do with my children, whether it's supporting their school or programs that support their education and enrichment. As a wife, anything that my husband is passionate about and helps to support. As a community member, anything that supports the Vail Valley, the place that I call home. As a friend of the founder and true believer in their mission, an organization called First Descents. They provide adventure camps to young adults and adults with cancer or who have survived cancer. ~ Trista Sutter, #NFDB
1265:I studied philosophy in college and didn’t realize until my senior year that no one would pay me to philosophize when I graduated. My frantic search for a “post-graduation plan” led me to law school mostly because other graduate programs required you to know something about your field of study to enroll; law schools, it seemed, didn’t require you to know anything. At Harvard, I could study law while pursuing a graduate degree in public policy at the Kennedy School of Government, which appealed to me. ~ Bryan Stevenson, #NFDB
1266:In revamping our education systems, we can learn much from South Korea’s embrace of gifted and talented education. These programs seek to identify and realize the potential of the country’s top technical minds, an approach suited to creating the material prosperity that can then be broadly shared across society. Schools around the globe can also draw lessons from American experiments in social and emotional education, fostering skills that will prove invaluable to the human-centric workforce of the future. ~ Kai Fu Lee, #NFDB
1267:the deeper one's awareness of one's powerlessness and the more desperate, the more willing one is to reach out for help. This help is offered in the next two steps. You turn yourself over to a Higher Power who you believe can heal you and work with you in the long journey of dismantling the emotional programs for happiness. They are the root causes of all our problems. We try to squeeze gratification or satisfaction out of the symbols of those three emotional programs in the culture to which we belong. ~ Thomas Keating, #NFDB
1268:The first (lesson) which we meet again and again in history, is that once the dole or similar relief programs are introduced, they seem almost inevitably - unless surrounded by the most rigid restrictions - to get out of hand. The second lesson is that once this happens the poor become more numerous and worse off than they were before, not only because they have lost self-reliance, but because the sources of wealth and production on which they depend for either doles or jobs are diminished or destroyed. ~ Henry Hazlitt, #NFDB
1269:One senator insisted that crack had become a scapegoat distracting the public’s attention from the true causes of our social ills, arguing: “If we blame crime on crack, our politicians are off the hook. Forgotten are the failed schools, the malign welfare programs, the desolate neighborhoods, the wasted years. Only crack is to blame. One is tempted to think that if crack did not exist, someone somewhere would have received a Federal grant to develop it.”88 Critical voices, however, were lonely ones. ~ Michelle Alexander, #NFDB
1270:If federal programs were not, even to this day, reinforcing racial isolation by disproportionately directing low-income African Americans who receive housing assistance into the segregated neighborhoods that government had previously established, we might see many more inclusive communities. Undoing the effects of de jure segregation will be incomparably difficult. To make a start, we will first have to contemplate what we have collectively done and, on behalf of our government, accept responsibility. ~ Richard Rothstein, #NFDB
1271:As I grow older I will come to question 12-step programs, see their failures, all the ways they do not reduce the harms of addiction by making their harms accrue to the individual, alone. They do not account for all the external factors that exacerbate chaotic drug use, send people into hell. The person who only has alcohol or crack at their fingertips almost never does as well as the person who has those things but also a range of other supports, including the general sense that their life matters. ~ Patrisse Khan Cullors, #NFDB
1272:I did work well with Hillary Clinton when she was my colleague in the Senate, and I certainly don't bear her any ill will. But when I listened carefully to her commencement speech, what I heard was a laundry list of very expensive new programs that our country simply cannot afford, and that would add to our already overwhelming $17 trillion debt. I'm also disturbed by the mismatch in her answers to the questions about her e-mail server and what the FBI Director Comey says that the FBI's investigation found. ~ Susan Collins, #NFDB
1273:We have to grasp, as Marx and Adam Smith did, that corporations are not concerned with the common good. They exploit, pollute, impoverish, repress, kill, and lie to make money. They throw poor people out of homes, let the uninsured die, wage useless wars for profit, poison and pollute the ecosystem, slash social assistance programs, gut public education, trash the global economy, plunder the U.S. Treasury and crush all popular movements that seek justice for working men and women. They worship money and power. ~ Chris Hedges, #NFDB
1274:But in practice the lack of belief in divine presence is just as likely to lead to humans avoiding responsibility: if there's nothing other than the here and now, who needs to settle disputes at all? All you have to do is manage to defer them till after you're dead--which is the European electorates' approach to their unaffordable social programs. The meek's prospects of inheriting the earth are considerably diminished in a post-Christian society: chances are they'll just get steamrollered by more motivated types. ~ Mark Steyn, #NFDB
1275:So, to return to the title chapter, what is the point of learning statistics? To summarize huge quantities of data. To make better decisions. To answer important social questions. To recognize patterns that can refine how we do everything from selling diapers to catching criminals. To catch cheaters and prosecute criminals. To evaluate the effectiveness of policies, programs, drugs, medical procedures, and other innovations. And to spot the scoundrels who use these very same powerful tools for nefarious ends. ~ Charles Wheelan, #NFDB
1276:Among the early warnings was one in an article appearing in the New York Times Magazine of December 13, 1970, by a black professor named Thomas Sowell: When the failures of many programs become too great to disguise, or to hide under euphemisms and apologetics, the conclusion that will be drawn in many quarters will not be that these were half-baked schemes, but that black people just don’t have it.37 Such conclusions are now part of the “new racism” spreading across college campuses from coast to coast. PATTERNS ~ Thomas Sowell, #NFDB
1277:In many of these subsidy programs, no jobs are created. Instead the state income taxes are given to companies that agree to move jobs from one state across the border to another, as AMC Theatres agreed to do in moving its headquarters from Kansas City, Missouri, to Leawood, Kansas, just ten miles away. AMC will get to pocket $47 million withheld from its workers, a boon to its major owners: J. P. Morgan, Apollo Management, the Carlyle Group and the firm Mitt Romney cofounded in 1984, Bain Capital Management. ~ David Cay Johnston, #NFDB
1278:Political systems must love poverty-they produce so much of it. Poor people make easier targets for a demagogue. No Mao or even Jiang Zemin is likely to arise on the New York Stock Exchange floor. And politicians in democracies benefit from destitution, too. The US has had a broad range of poverty programs for 30 years. Those programs have failed. Millions of people are still poor. And those people vote for politicians who favor keeping the poverty programs in place. There's a conspiracy theory in there somewhere. ~ P J O Rourke, #NFDB
1279:Right now we are in an age of religious complexity. The simplicity which is in Christ is rarely found among us. In its stead are programs, methods, organizations and a world of nervous activities which occupy time and attention but can never satisfy the longing of the heart. The shallowness of our inner experience, the hollowness of our worship, and that servile imitation of the world which marks our promotional methods all testify that we, in this day, know God only imperfectly, and the peace of God scarcely at all. ~ A W Tozer, #NFDB
1280:Democracy doesn't mean much if people have to confront concentrated systems of economic power as isolated individuals. Democracy means something if people can organize to gain information, to have thoughts for that matter, to make plans, to enter into the political system in some active way, to put forth programs and so on. If organizations of that kind exist, then democracy can exist too. Otherwise it's a matter of pushing a lever every couple of years; it's like having the choice between Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1281:Foldit is another game that is making waves. Users solve puzzles for science by designing proteins. It turns out that humans’ pattern-recognition and puzzle-solving abilities are more efficient than existing computer programs at pattern-folding tasks, so the scientists behind Foldit are using players’ answers to teach computers to fold proteins faster and predict protein structures. The combined effort of players actually helped solve a problem related to HIV that had puzzled scientists for more than 10 years. ~ Philip G Zimbardo, #NFDB
1282:In politics, looking at the big picture is the most convenient way to avoid getting bogged down in annoying little details, like the facts. That's why politicians always talk in generalities, such as "balancing the budget" or "obtaining justice under law" or "maintaining meaningful employment," when they really mean "massive spending cuts in programs advocated by my opens," or "creating a religious loophole for my largest contributor," or "keeping open a redundant and wasteful government facility in my district. ~ L E Modesitt Jr, #NFDB
1283:Germany is a fascinating role model. The Germans have maintained their manufacturing edge despite being a high-tax, high-regulation economy. Why? Because the government really set about ensuring that it maintained funding for technical training, technical advancements and programs. It made a concerted effort to retain high-end, complex manufacturing -- the kind of BMW model, if you will. And they've done that so successfully that Germany, which has a quarter of America's population, exports more than America does. ~ Fareed Zakaria, #NFDB
1284:I think everybody who really wants to change things has to allow themselves to be angry in a constructive way, and you have to fully understand the thing you're trying to change. We really need to get serious about this now; there needs to be real, effective programs. I think there needs to be a little bit more strategy involved and a little more realism, to be pragmatic and realistic, looking at the way we as women contribute to the problem. Once the second half of the population stops doing it, it's going to end. ~ Christina Ricci, #NFDB
1285:Jacobson had been told to remove the Fourth Amendment protections from an experimental surveillance system, one of the most powerful spying programs the NSA had ever developed. The advanced system was still just a pilot project, but top NSA officials wanted to make it operational immediately—and use it to collect data on Americans. They had ordered Jacobson to strip away the carefully calibrated restrictions built into the system, which were designed to prevent it from illegally collecting information on U.S. citizens. ~ James Risen, #NFDB
1286:Consider the cost when Christians ignore Jesus commands to sell their possessions and give to the poor and instead choose to spend their resources on better comforts, larger homes, nicer cars, and more stuff. Consider the cost when these Christians gather in churches and choose to spend millions of dollars on nice buildings to drive up to, cushioned chairs to sit in, and endless programs to enjoy for themselves. Consider the cost for the starving multitudes who sit outside the gate of contemporary Christian affluence. ~ David Platt, #NFDB
1287:Duflo, who is petite and dynamic, doesn’t regard her work as lacking in ambition; rather, she regards these incremental improvements as pioneering. She told me: It is very easy to sit back and come up with grand theories about how to change the world. But often our intuitions are wrong. The world is too complex to figure everything out from your armchair. The only way to be sure is to go out and test your ideas and programs, and to realize that you will often be wrong. But that is not a bad thing. It leads to progress. ~ Matthew Syed, #NFDB
1288:I oppose U.S. military intervention in Iraq. I believe that we should not send troops or engage in air strikes-our nation's military involvement needs to be over. The United States has already spent billions of dollars in Iraq while our nation has endured a crumbling infrastructure, cuts to our social programs, a lack of investment in job training and creation, and sadly, a failure to take care of our veterans. Let's focus our resources at home. Over 4000 men and women have sacrificed their lives for Iraq. That is enough. ~ Janice Hahn, #NFDB
1289:many of the oldest programs still ran in the bowels of the Qeng Ho system. Take the Traders’ method of timekeeping. The frame corrections were incredibly complex—and down at the very bottom of it was a little program that ran a counter. Second by second, the Qeng Ho counted from the instant that a human had first set foot on Old Earth’s moon. But if you looked at it still more closely…the starting instant was actually about fifteen million seconds later, the 0-second of one of Humankind’s first computer operating systems. ~ Vernor Vinge, #NFDB
1290:A permanent and sustainable solution to all the problems facing working people is possible by taking the biggest companies into democratic ownership, and reorganizing the economy on a democratically planned basis. Under such a system we could democratically decide how to allocate resources. We could rapidly transition away from fossil fuels, develop massive jobs programs to rebuild the country's rotting infrastructure, and begin to build a whole new world based on meeting the needs of the majority, not the profits of a few. ~ Kshama Sawant, #NFDB
1291:Did you know about the Democratic president who is the founder of modern progressivism—and also responsible for the revival of the Ku Klux Klan? What about the most popular Democratic president of the twentieth century—who blocked anti-lynching laws and for more than a decade cut deals with racists to exclude blacks from government programs? Then there is the president who is the hero of the Civil Rights laws—the same fellow that called blacks “niggers” and said he wanted to keep them confined to the Democratic plantation. ~ Dinesh D Souza, #NFDB
1292:The sea answers all questions, and always in the same way; for when you read in the papers the interminable discussions and the bickering and the prognostications and the turmoil, the disagreements and the fateful decisions and agreements and the plans and the programs and the threats and the counter threats, then you close your eyes and the sea dispatches one more big roller in the unbroken line since the beginning of the world and it combs and breaks and returns foaming and saying: "So soon?"
E. B. White "On A Florida Key ~ E B White,#NFDB
1293:Hitler, Stalin, and Pol Pot all employed mass imprisonment, each presiding over a process that arrested and incarcerated millions. Such systems are often part of massive programs of slave labor or forced resettlement, in which high death rates are a typical by-product. And some examples of mass incarceration are explicitly part of a program of ethnic cleansing or genocide—a tool of policy that intends the extermination of entire populations. But now, for the first time, we see mass incarceration in a democratic society. ~ David Cay Johnston, #NFDB
1294:It is raining DNA outside. On the bank of the Oxford canal at the bottom of my garden is a large willow tree, and it is pumping downy seeds into the air. ... spreading DNA whose coded characters spell out specific instructions for building willow trees that will shed a new generation of downy seeds. ... It is raining instructions out there; it's raining programs; it's raining tree-growing, fluff-spreading, algorithms. That is not a metaphor, it is the plain truth. It couldn't be any plainer if it were raining floppy discs. ~ Richard Dawkins, #NFDB
1295:crisis. Attempts were made to organize a captive breeding population, but the natural objections of the population in question to being so manipulated—combined with our own innate reflexive obedience— foiled all such programs. We are conditioned to adore and obey our Creators on a personal basis, and while it is easy enough to understand the abstract need to preserve their kind as a whole, the conflict between their specific desires and the needs of the species imposed an impossible burden upon their would-be conservators. We ~ Charles Stross, #NFDB
1296:Goodwill has 2,900 stores. The shops collect and sell donated clothing and household goods and use the proceeds for work training, job placement services and other community-based programs. If the breach at Goodwill is confirmed, it will be the sixth major retail chain - after Target, P.F. Chang's, Neiman Marcus, Michaels and Sally Beauty - to acknowledge that its systems were recently compromised. In those cases, criminals installed malware on retailers' systems, which fed customers' payment details back to their computer servers. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1297:There is no such thing as a General Will (the delusion of Rousseau) or the Virtue of the Proletariat (the delusion of Marx) or the Rational Citizen (the delusion of John Stuart Mill). No mysterious wisdom abides in the bosom of the People to which we can appeal in this hour of our need. The public is not going to protest against stupid television programs or hysterical newspapers or the decay of our schools. The public, or the masses, have no mind or coherence, accurately speaking. In our time, the public takes what it is given. ~ Russell Kirk, #NFDB
1298:Why do Americans find government so baffling and irritating-even though many of us depend on public programs for a secure retirement, an affordable mortgage, or a college loan? In this timely and important book, political scientist Suzanne Mettler explains how the United States has come to rely on hidden, indirect policies that privilege special interests but puzzle regular citizens. American democracy can do better, and she shows how. Politicians and the public alike have much to learn from her brilliant and engaging analysis. ~ Theda Skocpol, #NFDB
1299:I became convinced that the advanced industrial countries, through international organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the World Bank, were not only not doing all that they could to help these [developing] countries but were sometimes making their life more difficult. IMF programs had clearly worsened the East Asian crisis, and the "shock therapy" they had pushed in the former Soviet Union and its satellites played an important role in the failure of the transition. ~ Joseph E Stiglitz, #NFDB
1300:In computer terms, the cerebral cortex writes the software programs for actions and, after some practice on your part, the basal ganglia take over to run the programs that enable you to carry out the actions. When you learn the tango, for instance, you have to concentrate (i.e., use the cerebral cortex) to plan, learn, and get comfortable with the steps. But after some practice and experience, you’re eventually able to tango while thinking of other things because the basal ganglia are operating that system automatically. Toward ~ Richard Restak, #NFDB
1301:It is in a way a mystery that, instead of demanding that their governments give primary attention to their own needs and aspirations, most of the citizens of big counties-those, that is, that have the status of being "powers" in the world-far from being self-centered or materialistic as they are commonly credited with being, the ordinary citizen and his elected representative all too often turn out to be romantics, ready and eager to sacrifice programs of health, education and welfare for the power and pride of the nation. ~ J William Fulbright, #NFDB
1302:Now, today, some children are enrolled in excellent programs. Some children are enrolled in mediocre programs. And some are wasting away their most formative years in bad programs....That's why I'm issuing a challenge to our states: Develop a cutting-edge plan to raise the quality of your early learning programs; show us how you'll work to ensure that children are better prepared for success by the time they enter kindergarten. If you do, we will support you with an Early Learning Challenge Grant that I call on Congress to enact. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
1303:Speaking of interruptions, think about television. We spend all kinds of money on gadgets and services such as TiVo to keep commercials out of our lives. But could we possibly enjoy the latest installment of Lost or House even more with the periodic interruptions of commercials? Leif, Tom, and Jeff Galak had the gall to test this. They discovered that when people are watching uninterrupted TV programs, their pleasure diminishes as the show goes on. But when the show is interrupted by commercial breaks, the pleasure level increases. ~ Dan Ariely, #NFDB
1304:Flexible benefits are just becoming an option for some workers. But more creativity is needed to take benefits to their natural end in organizations looking for self-determination and self-management. Employees should be able to customize their health plans, pension fund contributions, insurance, meal tickets, and even health club or collective purchasing programs. By letting the employees make their own calculations and freely choose their own health benefits, we transfer responsibility to our people. We hand them their freedom. ~ Ricardo Semler, #NFDB
1305:Imagine if you had genuine, high-quality early-childhood education for every child, and suddenly every black child in America - but also every poor white child or Latino [child], but just stick with every black child in America - is getting a really good education. And they're graduating from high school at the same rates that whites are, and they are going to college at the same rates that whites are, and they are able to afford college at the same rates because the government has universal programs. So now they're all graduating. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
1306:A time comes when silence is betrayal. That time has come for us in relation to Vietnam. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift, is approaching spiritual death.I knew that America would never invest the necessary funds or energies in rehabilitation of its poor so long as adventures like Vietnam continued to draw men and skills and money like some demonic destructive suction tube. So I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor. ~ Martin Luther King Jr, #NFDB
1307:He changed and worked out with weights. Throughout his adult life, Adam had cycled through a potpourri of workout programs—yoga (not flexible), Pilates (confused), boot camp (why not just join the military?), Zumba (don’t ask), aquatics (near drown), spin (sore butt)—but in the end, he always returned to simple weights. Some days he loved the strain on his muscles and couldn’t imagine not doing it. Other days he dreaded every moment, and the only thing he wanted to lift was the postworkout peanut butter protein shake to his lips. He ~ Harlan Coben, #NFDB
1308:The history of the welfare state is the history of public enterprise pushing out private organization. The impact was largely unintentional, but natural and inevitable. Higher taxes left individuals with less money to give; government's assumption of responsibility for providing welfare shriveled the perceived duty of individuals to respond to their neighbors' needs; and the availability of public programs gave recipients an alternative to private assistance, one which did not challenge recipients to reform their destructive behavior. ~ Doug Bandow, #NFDB
1309:In one way, traveling has narrowed my mind. What I have discovered is something very ordinary and unexciting, which is that humans are the same everywhere and that the degree of variation between members of our species is very slight. This is of course an encouraging finding; it helps arm you against news programs back home that show seething or abject masses of either fanatical or torpid people. In another way it is a depressing finding; the sorts of things that make people quarrel and make them stupid are the same everywhere. ~ Christopher Hitchens, #NFDB
1310:Look into companies that have work-study programs. Many companies offer to pay for school and have struck tuition deals with local colleges to attract a labor force. UPS, for instance, has a program in many cities where you can work twenty hours per week sorting boxes at night, and they will pay your tuition for school during the day. Plus, they tend to pay you very well for part-time work. That is just one example of many. This type of program is for someone who wants the knowledge, not to go to school just for the “college experience, ~ Dave Ramsey, #NFDB
1311:For fiscal policy, the appropriate counterpart to the monetary rule would be to plan expenditure programs entirely in terms of what the community wants to do through government rather than privately, and without any regard to problems of year-to-year economic stability; to plan tax rates so as to provide sufficient revenues to cover planned expenditures on the average of one year with another, again without regard to year-to-year changes in economic stability; and to avoid erratic changes in either governmental expenditures or taxes. ~ Milton Friedman, #NFDB
1312:Two months into their tenure, Republicans on the House Energy and Commerce Committee also led a crusade against alternative, renewable energy programs. They successfully branded the government’s stimulus support for Solyndra, a California manufacturer of solar panels, and other clean energy firms an Obama scandal. In fact, the loan guarantee program in the Energy Department that extended the controversial financing to the company began under the Bush administration. Contrary to the partisan hype, it actually returned a profit to taxpayers. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1313:As far as Bernie Sanders is concerned, he is a decent, honest person, and I supported him. What he means by socialism is New Deal Liberalism. In fact, his actual policies would not have been a great surprise to General Eisenhower. The fact that this is called a "political revolution" is a sign of how far to the right the political spectrum has shifted, mainly in the last 30 years since the neoliberal programs began to be instituted. What he was calling for was a restoration of something like New Deal Liberalism, which is a very good thing. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1314:For one thing, the audience doesn’t know the facts, so they won’t know whether the news media’s doing a good job or not. The news media’s trying to sell advertising time, so what they really need to do is make entertaining programs. It doesn’t so much matter whether it’s true or not. If they criticize the government there’s a possibility that the government will retaliate on a very relatively minor level. Government officials will refuse to give interviews or give information to a reporter who they suspect might be critical of the government. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1315:One of my incidental tasks at the radio station was to hire talent to build up the programs. One evening a couple of fellows who called themselves Sam and Henry came in to audition. They gave me their routine, a few songs and vaudevillian patter. Their singing was lousy but the jokes weren’t too bad, so I hired them for five dollars apiece. They kept working on their characters and developed a Southern Negro dialogue that was a huge success. That team went on to make show business history, later changing the name of their act to Amos and Andy. ~ Ray Kroc, #NFDB
1316:Social Security and Medicare were sold to the public as insurance programs. They are not. As such, they now rely mostly on the “contributions” of younger workers and massive federal borrowing to subsidize them. Despite repeated and dire warnings about their unsustainable fiscal condition from the trustees appointed to oversee them, younger workers are compelled to continue to pay into these programs, from which they are unlikely to benefit upon their retirement and for which future generations will bear the brunt of their eventual collapse. ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
1317:What you did was to draw a conclusion from a descriptive sentence--That person
wants to live too'--to what we call a normative sentence: 'Therefore you ought not to kill them.' From the point of view of reason this is nonsense. You might just as well say 'There are lots of people who cheat on their taxes, therefore I ought to cheat on my taxes too.' Hume said you can never draw conclusions from is sentences to ought sentences. Nevertheless it is exceedingly common, not least in newspaper articles, political party programs, and speeches. ~ Jostein Gaarder,#NFDB
1318:Shriver brothers Robert and Mark have also found ways to support the family commitment to the disabled. With the musician Bono, Robert helped found DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa), which advocates for the eradication of poverty through education, debt reduction, development assistance, and campaigning for access to treatment for AIDS and malaria in Africa; and Mark serves as senior vice president of U.S. programs for Save the Children. Eunice’s only daughter, Maria Shriver, sits on the boards of Special Olympics and Best Buddies, and ~ Kate Clifford Larson, #NFDB
1319:Pull platforms make it easier to assemble participants and resources on an ad hoc basis to problem-solve unforeseen issues or situations. As a result, they enhance the potential for productive friction as people with different perspectives, skills, and experiences come together to try to find a solution for a specific problem. In contrast, push programs view all friction as an inefficiency that must be eliminated. The purpose of tightly specified programs is to eliminate wasteful debate and disagreement, especially at the point of execution. ~ John Seely Brown, #NFDB
1320:On her first day in Musan, a policeman picked her out of the crowd. “Hey, you,” he yelled at her. After more than two years of living in China, Oak-hee was pale and plump. She used scented shampoo and soap. She looked and smelled different from everyone else. Furthermore, she was also carrying a transistor radio she had purchased in China that picked up South Korean programs. The police officer confiscated the radio and (after asking her to show him the frequencies for South Korean radio and demanding her earphones) turned her over to the Bowibu. ~ Barbara Demick, #NFDB
1321:But the fact that, by 2012, one in thirty-five Dutch people sought assisted suicide at their death is not a measure of success. It is a measure of failure. Our ultimate goal, after all, is not a good death but a good life to the very end. The Dutch have been slower than others to develop palliative care programs that might provide for it. One reason, perhaps, is that their system of assisted death may have reinforced beliefs that reducing suffering and improving lives through other means is not feasible when one becomes debilitated or seriously ill. ~ Atul Gawande, #NFDB
1322:I believe that the best way to create good living conditions for any animal, whether it's a captive animal living in a zoo, a farm animal or a pet, is to base animal welfare programs on the core emotion systems in the brain. My theory is that the environment animals live in should activate their positive emotions as much as possible, and not activate their negative emotions any more than necessary. If we get the animal's emotions rights, we will have fewer problem behaviors... All animals and people have the same core emotion systems in the brain. ~ Temple Grandin, #NFDB
1323:Just as science is permeated with 'conceptual revolution' on all levels at all times, so the thinking of individuals is shot through and through with creative and new acts. Computer programs today do not yet seem to produce many small creations. Most of what they do is quite 'mechanical' still. That just testifies to the fact that they are not close to simulating the way we think–but they are getting closer.
Perhaps what differentiates highly creative ideas from ordinary ones is some combined sense of beauty, simplicity, and harmony. ~ Douglas R Hofstadter,#NFDB
1324:Conservatives take the opposite approach. They start from the idea that self-discipline is fundamental. A lack of property to conservatives indicates a lack of discipline, and hence a lack of morality. Therefore, giving people things they haven’t earned creates dependency, which traps people in welfare programs and poverty and thus robs them of their freedom. Not only that, but the taxes that pay for programs like Social Security and universal health care infringe on the freedom of the taxpayer, since taking his money is imposing on his freedom. What ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
1325:Don't ever let anyone tell you that history doesn't repeat. For 70 years, liberals have been spinning the yarn that FDR's New Deal, despite all the evidence that it exacerbated and prolonged the Great Depression, quickened our economic recovery. Indeed, I remember scratching my head when one of my college history professors in the 1970s tried to convince us of that theory and its corollary - an even better howler - that FDR was actually a conservative, because if he hadn't implemented his socialist programs, the republic would have died right there. ~ David Limbaugh, #NFDB
1326:He'd [Steve Burd] gotten hooked on the subject after realizing that Safeway's rising medical costs threatened to someday bankrupt the company if he didn't do something to tame them. He'd pioneered innovative wellness and preventive health programs for his employees and became an advocate for universal health coverage, making him one of the only Republican CEOs to embrace many of the tenets of Obamacare. Like Dr. J, he was serious about his own health. He worked out on a treadmill at five every morning and lifted weights in the evenings after dinner. ~ John Carreyrou, #NFDB
1327:Every age has its own characteristics. Right now we are in an age of religious complexity. The simplicity which is in Christ is rarely found among us. In its stead are programs, methods, organizations and a world of nervous activities which occupy time and attention but can never satisfy the longing of the heart. The shallowness of our inner experience, the hollowness of our worship, and that servile imitation of the world which marks our promotional methods all testify that we, in this day, know God only imperfectly, and the peace of God scarcely at all. ~ A W Tozer, #NFDB
1328:Meanwhile in Iran and Israel the violence is an open wound on TV, so predictable and it’s bloodiness of the mutilated children and howling women become a spectacle you shatter it briefly before zapping over to some Japanese game show. The well-meaning optimism of those Entertainement programs, with their perky nerdiness and banana-skin tomfoolery, provides a counterpoint to the real world grief. Their crude hilarities flit through my head while I swim my laps, like my Spanish Kahlo mantra or fragments of some absurd erotic fantasy, poignantly irrelevant. ~ Liz Jensen, #NFDB
1329:We must conclude, in the light of this evidence, that governments now enjoy an unmerited reputation for solving the problems of human rights and discrimination. On the contrary, affirmative action, EPFEW, and various anti‑discrimination initiatives have backfired, harming the very minorities they were supposed to protect. Government programs such as minimum wage laws, anti‑usury codes, rent controls, and zoning legislation have had unforeseen and negative consequences for the minority peoples, who have been among the greatest victims of discrimination. ~ Walter Block, #NFDB
1330:Only within the 20th Century has biological thought been focused on ecology, or the relation of the living creature to its environment. Awareness of ecological relationships is - or should be - the basis of modern conservation programs, for it is useless to attempt to preserve a living species unless the kind of land or water it requires is also preserved. So delicately interwoven are the relationships that when we disturb one thread of the community fabric we alter it all - perhaps almost imperceptibly, perhaps so drastically that destruction follows. ~ Rachel Carson, #NFDB
1331:Cows given genetically modified growth hormones make more milk, but have painful swollen udders, have ulcers, joint pain, miscarriages, deformed calves, infertility, and much shorter life spans. Their milk contains blood, pus, tranquilizers, antibiotics, and an insulin growth factor that can cause a fourfold increase in prostate cancer and sevenfold rise in breast cancer. This is the milk used in our school lunch programs and served to our children. This is the milk that you buy every day. This is the milk used in all cheeses, yogurts, butter, and cream. ~ Kevin Trudeau, #NFDB
1332:She’d jury-rigged a computer using pieces scavenged from several crashed fighters over the years, including a cracked but still-usable display from an old BTL-A4 Y-wing. There were no radio communications to speak of—no way to transmit or receive and, frankly, nobody she wanted to talk to anyway. On the wreckage of a Zephra-series hauler, though, she’d once found a stash of data chips, and after painstakingly going through each and every one of them, she’d discovered three with their programs intact; one of them, to her delight, had been a flight simulator. ~ Greg Rucka, #NFDB
1333:I just really like writing and making television shows. There are ego rewards in doing battle with other television programs in prime time in the main season. I suppose there are times when I might look at that and think that's the major league. But when you look at it, ultimately would I really want to gamble my livelihood and my ability to connect with my fan base or write a show that I really like writing, or in some cases direct a show that I really like directing, for the sake of winning an ego battle? It's totally not worth it. That stuff is so ephemeral. ~ Matt Nix, #NFDB
1334:Welch and Conaty had implemented a 20-70-10 performance ranking system, where GE employees were sorted into three groups: the top 20 percent, the middle 70 percent, and the bottom 10 percent. The top workers were lionized and rewarded with choice assignments, leadership training programs, and stock options. The bottom 10 percent were fired. Under Immelt, the forced distribution was softened and the crisp labels of “top 20 percent,” “middle 70 percent,” and “bottom 10 percent” were replaced with euphemisms: “top talent,” “highly valued,” and “needs improvement. ~ Laszlo Bock, #NFDB
1335:bought one of the software programs, and worked the system. That particular software covered more than 300,000 available scholarships. She narrowed the database search until she had 1,000 scholarships to apply for. She spent the whole summer filling out applications and writing essays. She literally applied for 1,000 scholarships. Denise was turned down by 970, but she got 30, and those 30 scholarships paid her $38,000. She went to school for free while her next-door neighbor sat and whined that no money was available for school and eventually got a student loan. ~ Dave Ramsey, #NFDB
1336:were not only healthier but also less likely to report having been abused or neglected than a similar group whose mothers had not been visited. They also were more likely to have finished school, to have stayed out of jail, and to be working in well-paying jobs. Economists have calculated that every dollar invested in high-quality home visitation, day care, and preschool programs results in seven dollars of savings on welfare payments, health-care costs, substance-abuse treatment, and incarceration, plus higher tax revenues due to better-paying jobs. 37 ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
1337:Such were the things I discovered in the weeks before leaving for the city. In advance of all of my trips I would dip into the culture by reading novels and poetry, watching films and television programs, and browsing fashion, travel, and design blogs. Doing this, relishing how enjoyable an upcoming experience might be, isn’t just edifying—it can boost our spirits long before we even leave for the airport. “Anticipation is a free form of happiness,” Elizabeth Dunn found in her research on well-being, “the one that’s least vulnerable to things going wrong. ~ Stephanie Rosenbloom, #NFDB
1338:Category IV spending tends also to corrupt the people involved. All such programs put some people in a position to decide what is good for other people. The effect is to instill in the one group a feeling of almost God-like power; in the other, a feeling of childlike dependence. The capacity of the beneficiaries for independence, for making their own decisions, atrophies through disuse. In addition to the waste of money, in addition to the failure to achieve the intended objectives, the end result is to rot the moral fabric that holds a decent society together. ~ Milton Friedman, #NFDB
1339:The United States is strongly committed to the IPCC process of international cooperation on global climate change. We consider it vital that the community of nations be drawn together in an orderly, disciplined, rational way to review the history of our global environment, to assess the potential for future climate change, and to develop effective programs. The state of the science, the social and economic impacts, and the appropriate strategies all are crucial components to a global resolution. The stakes here are very high; the consequences, very significant. ~ George H W Bush, #NFDB
1340:But that's kind of an easy stance to be if you're a humor columnist, because you're tending to make fun of the government and the powerful. I'm sort of a soft-core libertarian in that my compass is generally pointing away from 'Let's let the government do this' Does it matter to me that it's Democrats who think we need more elaborate programs that involve shifting money from one group to another group or it's Republicans saying we need to take a harder look at what kinds of things people are watching on cable TV? Neither one of those things strikes me as a good idea. ~ Dave Barry, #NFDB
1341:I have little interest in streamlining government or in making it more efficient, for I mean to reduce its size. I do not undertake to promote welfare, for I propose to extend freedom. My aim is not to pass laws, but to repeal them. It is not to inaugurate new programs, but to cancel old ones that do violence to the Constitution, or that have failed in their purpose, or that impose on the people an unwarranted financial burden. I will not attempt to discover whether legislation is "needed" before I have first determined whether it is constitutionally permissible. ~ Barry Goldwater, #NFDB
1342:Listening to the debates about public schools on the Christian Right, one hears plenty of opposing opinions and a great deal of confusion. Some want to change the schools, others want to leave them. But the smart money seems to know what it is doing. It provides support for programs like the Good News Club, which slowly erode the support for public education in the country at large and in their own constituency in particular. And then it lays the groundwork for dismantling public education in favor of a private system of religious education funded by the state. ~ Katherine Stewart, #NFDB
1343:Our goals should stretch us bit by bit. So often when we think we have encountered a ceiling, it is really a psychological or experimental barrier that we have built ourselves. We built it and we can remove it. Just as correct principles, when applied, carry their own witness that they are true, so do correct personal improvement programs. But we must not expect personal improvement without pain or some 'remodeling.' We can't expect to have the thrills of revealed religion without the theology. We cannot expect to have the soul stretching without Christian service. ~ Neal A Maxwell, #NFDB
1344:Yes, it is America. It is an essential part of American history. So too is the backlash that occurs when attempts are made to improve the conditions of the poor. Whether it is New Deal polices or LBJ’s welfare programs or Obama-era health care reform, along with any effort to address inequality and poverty comes a harsh and seemingly inevitable reaction. Angry citizens lash out: they perceive government bending over backward to help the poor (implied or stated: undeserving) and they accuse bureaucrats of wasteful spending that steals from hardworking men and women. ~ Nancy Isenberg, #NFDB
1345:Everybody complains about pork, but members of Congress keep spending because voters do not throw them out of office for doing so. The rotten system in Congress will change only when the American people change their beliefs about the proper role of government in our society. Too many members of Congress believe they can solve all economic problems, cure all social ills, and bring about worldwide peace and prosperity simply by creating new federal programs. We must reject unlimited government and reassert the constitutional rule of law if we hope to halt the spending orgy. ~ Ron Paul, #NFDB
1346:I’ve programmed in all kinds of languages, said the tough old hacker as he eased up to the bar, and it don’t matter which you use... This is nonsense, of course. There is a world of difference between, say, Fortran I and the latest version of Perl or for that matter between early versions of Perl and the latest version of Perl. But the tough old hacker may himself believe what he’s saying. It’s possible to write the same primitive Pascal-like programs in almost every language. If you only ever eat at McDonald’s, it will seem that food is much the same in every country. ~ Paul Graham, #NFDB
1347:Prayer itself, born in Catholic families, nurtured by programs of Christian formation, strengthened by the grace of the sacraments, is the first means by which we come to know the Lord’s will for our lives. To the extent that we teach young people to pray, and to pray well, we will be cooperating with God’s call. Programs, plans and projects have their place; but the discernment of a vocation is above all the fruit of an intimate dialogue between the Lord and his disciples. Young people, if they know how to pray, can be trusted to know what to do with God’s call. ~ Pope Benedict XVI, #NFDB
1348:You do not need to do many different exercises to get strong - you need to get strong on a very few important exercises, movements that train the whole body as a system, not as a collection of separate body parts. The problem with the programs advocated by all the national exercise organizations is that they fail to recognize this basic principle: the body best adapts as a whole organism to stress applied to the whole organism. The more stress that can be applied to as much of the body at one time as possible, the more effective and productive the adaptation will be. ~ Mark Rippetoe, #NFDB
1349:An earlier Pew study found that some 45 percent of blacks (versus 15 percent of whites) who were born into the middle class in the 1960s had slid into poverty or near-poverty. Since it is unlikely that the effects of slavery and Jim Crow are hopscotching generations, perhaps something else is to blame. By retarding or otherwise interfering with black self-development, government programs have tended to do more harm than good. And black elites who choose to focus on the behavior of whites are encouraging these youngsters to do the same, and thus perpetuating the problem. ~ Jason L Riley, #NFDB
1350:If we were left to ourselves with the task of taking the gospel to the world, we would immediately begin planning innovative strategies and plotting elaborate schemes. We would organize conventions, develop programs, and create foundations… But Jesus is so different from us. With the task of taking the gospel to the world, he wandered through the streets and byways…All He wanted was a few men who would think as He did, love as He did, see as He did, teach as He did and serve as He did. All He needed was to revolutionize the hearts of a few, and they would impact the world. ~ David Platt, #NFDB
1351:I thought you liberals cared about people, but here you're perfectly content to get them addicted to tobacco and make them pay taxes through the nose and continue to pay taxes through the nose and raise their taxes. And then you try to make 'em think you care about 'em by running PSAs telling them how they shouldn't smoke and how they should quit. You're exactly right. If they really cared, they would ban the product, but they can't, because the revenue from tobacco taxes - I'm not kidding you - funds children's health care programs, and a number of other things as well. ~ Rush Limbaugh, #NFDB
1352:These mortgages, which typically cost less per month than paying rent, were directed at new single-family suburban construction.c Intentionally or not, the FHA and VA programs discouraged the renovation of existing housing stock, while turning their back on the construction of row houses, mixed-use buildings, and other urban housing types. Simultaneously, a 41,000-mile interstate highway program, coupled with federal and local subsidies for road improvement and the neglect of mass transit, helped make automotive commuting affordable and convenient for the average citizen. ~ Andr s Duany, #NFDB
1353:What I realized is that if we're going to be able to have a theory about what happens in, for example, nature there has to ultimately be some rule by which nature operates. But the issue is does that rule have to correspond to something like a mathematical equation, something that we have sort of created in our human mathematics? And what I realized is that now with our understanding of computation and computer programs and so on, there is actually a much bigger universe of possible rules to describe the natural world than just the mathematical equation kinds of things. ~ Stephen Wolfram, #NFDB
1354:...One of the most important lessons, perhaps, is the fact that SOFTWARE IS HARD. From now on I shall have significantly greater respect for every successful software tool that I encounter. During the past decade I was surprised to learn that the writing of programs for TeX and Metafont proved to be much more difficult than all the other things I had done (like proving theorems or writing books). The creation of good software demand a significiantly higher standard of accuracy than those other things do, and it requires a longer attention span than other intellectual tasks. ~ Donald Knuth, #NFDB
1355:Perhaps the most extraordinary popular delusion about violence of the past quarter-century is that it is caused by low self-esteem. That theory has been endorsed by dozens of prominent experts, has inspired school programs designed to get kids to feel better about themselves, and in the late 1980s led the California legislature to form a Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem. Yet Baumeister has shown that the theory could not be more spectacularly, hilariously, achingly wrong. Violence is a problem not of too little self-esteem but of too much, particularly when it is unearned. ~ Steven Pinker, #NFDB
1356:Composing computer programs to solve scientific problems is like writing poetry. You must choose every word with care and link it with the other words in perfect syntax. There is no place for verbosity or carelessness. To become fluent in a computer lnaguage demands almost the antithesis of modern loose thinking. It requires many interactive sessions, the hands-on use of the device. You do not learn a foreign language from a book, rather you have to live in the country for year to let the langauge become an automatic part of you, and the same is true for computer languages. ~ James Lovelock, #NFDB
1357:Quite a few people still listen to vinyl records, use film cameras to take photographs, and look up phone numbers in the printed Yellow Pages. But the old technologies lose their economic and cultural force. They become progress’s dead ends. It’s the new technologies that govern production and consumption, that guide people’s behavior and shape their perceptions. That’s why the future of knowledge and culture no longer lies in books or newspapers or TV shows or radio programs or records or CDs. It lies in digital files shot through our universal medium at the speed of light. ~ Nicholas Carr, #NFDB
1358:We can drift along as though there were still a cold war, wasting hundreds of billions of dollars on weapons that will never be used, ignoring the problems of people in this country and around the world, being one of the worst environmental violators on earth, standing against any sort of viable programs to protect the world's forests or to cut down on acid rain or the global warming or ozone depletion. We can ignore human rights violations in other countries, or we can take these things on as true leaders ought to and accept the inspiring challenge of America for the future. ~ Jimmy Carter, #NFDB
1359:It seems Kim Jong Un firmly believes that developing nuclear missile capabilities will provide security and guarantee his regime. We must make it clear that it is not nuclear and missile programs that will protect Kim Jong Un and his regime. The goal of the international sanctions and pressure is to make it unbearable for Kim Jong Un if he does not accept this fact. On the other hand, we are continuously trying to send a message that giving up its nuclear program and coming to the negotiating table is the right path for North Korea to protect itself and achieve its development. ~ Moon Jae in, #NFDB
1360:I believe it is in the national interest that government stand side-by-side with people of faith who work to change lives for the better. I understand in the past, some in government have said government cannot stand side-by-side with people of faith. Let me put it more bluntly, government can't spend money on religious programs simply because there's a rabbi on the board, cross on the wall, or a crescent on the door. I viewed this as not only bad social policy - because policy by-passed the great works of compassion and healing that take place - I viewed it as discrimination. ~ George W Bush, #NFDB
1361:once the Republicans won control of North Carolina’s general assembly. In a matter of months, they enacted conservative policies that private think tanks had been incubating for years. The legislature slashed taxes on corporations and the wealthy while cutting benefits and services for the middle class and the poor. It also gutted environmental programs, sharply limited women’s access to abortion, backed a constitutional ban on gay marriage, and legalized concealed guns in bars and on playgrounds and school campuses. It also erected cumbersome new bureaucratic barriers to voting. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1362:when a computer program beats a grandmaster at chess, the two are not using even remotely similar algorithms. The grandmaster can explain why it seemed worth sacrificing the knight for strategic advantage and can write an exciting book on the subject. The program can only prove that the sacrifice does not force a checkmate, and cannot write a book because it has no clue even what the objective of a chess game is. Programming AGI is not the same sort of problem as programming Jeopardy or chess. An AGI is qualitatively, not quantitatively, different from all other computer programs. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1363:In contrast to those Hillary Clinton corresponded with, the author did not have the appropriate clearance or a legitimate need to know the information, which included notes of discussions with President Obama about very sensitive programs. Petraeus was the CIA director, for heaven’s sake—in charge of the nation’s secrets. He knew as well as anyone in government that what he did was wrong. He even allowed the woman to photograph key pages from classified documents. And then, as if to underscore that he knew he shouldn’t do what he did, he lied to FBI agents about what he had done. ~ James Comey, #NFDB
1364:That's unfortunately common - to blame immigrants, to blame the African-Americans who are being helped by federal programs, to blame anyone available, to direct attention away from the roots of the distress which you're suffering. This combines with xenophobia, white supremacy, racism, misogyny, and other quite unpleasant phenomena which are far from being eradicated. All of this makes for a pretty dangerous brew. But economic issues are right in the center of it. And you can see this in the fact that so many former Obama voters now voted for Trump, or just didn't bother voting. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
1365:There is a much stronger case to be made that efforts to help blacks have had more pernicious and lasting effects on black attitudes and habits than either slavery or segregation. Social welfare programs that were initiated or greatly expanded during the 1960s resulted in the government effectively displacing black fathers as breadwinners, and made work less attractive. Even before Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty began in earnest, New York and other states had already been expanding their social welfare programs. And despite the best intentions, the results were not encouraging. ~ Jason L Riley, #NFDB
1366:Tracking in elementary school was a uniquely American policy. The sorting began at a very young age, and it came in the form of magnet schools, honors classes, Advanced Placement courses, or International Baccalaureate programs. In fact, the United States was one of the few countries where schools not only divided younger children by ability, but actually taught different content to the more advanced track. In other countries, including Germany and Singapore, all kids were meant to learn the same challenging core content; the most advanced kids just went deeper into the material. ~ Amanda Ripley, #NFDB
1367:You do not need to do many different exercises to get strong - you need to get strong on a very few important exercises, movements that train the whole body as a system, not as a collection of separate body parts. The problem with the programs advocated by all the national exercise organizations is that they fail to recognize this basic principle: the body best adapts as a whole organism to stress applied to the whole organism. The more stress that can be applied to as much of the body at one time as possible, the more effective and productive the adaptation will be. ~ Mark Rippetoe, #NFDB
1368:One of the things I think we have to do is make sure that college is affordable for every young person in America. And I also think that we're going to have to rebuild our infrastructure, which is falling behind, our roads, our bridges, but also broadband lines that reach into rural communities. So there are some things that we've got to do structurally to make sure that we can compete in this global economy. We can't shortchange those things. We've got to eliminate programs that don't work, and we've got to make sure that the programs that we do have are more efficient and cost less. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
1369:There is such a thing as humility, however, and we must learn the true humility that consists of two things: (a) knowing your limitations and (b) getting the help you need. That is all humility is. It has nothing to do with any ascetic personal style or with being self-effacing. It is simply knowing your limitations. That is what the grandiose self hates. The grandiose self does not want to know any limits, and it does not want to ask for help. The twelve-step programs are so powerful because they teach a form of humility that says: “Know your limitations, and get the help you need. ~ Robert L Moore, #NFDB
1370:The social fabric is based on the idea that effort leads to reward. But very often, government rewards people who have not put in the effort. It does this with good intentions (the old welfare programs that discouraged work) and it does it with venal intentions (lobbyists secure earmarks, tax breaks, and subsidies so their companies can secure revenue without having to earn it in the marketplace). These programs weaken social trust and public confidence. By separating effort from reward, they pollute the atmosphere. They send the message that the system is rigged and society is corrupt. ~ David Brooks, #NFDB
1371:Give the money directly to people who work hard. Instead of taking the money from the business and then filtering it through the horror of government programs, which is essentially giving it to social workers who live in Bethesda so they can drive their minivans and vote Democratic. Give them the money, so that they go and talk to the worker who is washing dishes, and they say, "Well, we want to help you, you see." And it would be better to help them by taking the money from that minivan-driving social worker and giving it directly to the guy who is really working hard by washing dishes. ~ Mark Helprin, #NFDB
1372:Performance improved only when companies implemented programs to empower employees (for example, by taking decision-making authority away from managers and giving it to individuals or teams), provided learning opportunities that were outside what people needed to do their jobs, increased their reliance on teamwork (by giving teams more autonomy and allowing them to self-organize), or a combination of these. These factors “accounted for a 9% increase in value added per employee in our study.” In short, only when companies took steps to give their people more freedom did performance improve. ~ Laszlo Bock, #NFDB
1373:Increasingly, our leaders must deal with dangers that threaten the entire world, where an understanding of those dangers and the possible solutions depends on a good grasp of science. The ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, acid rain, questions of diet and heredity. All require scientific literacy. Can Americans choose the proper leaders and support the proper programs if they themselves are scientifically illiterate? The whole premise of democracy is that it is safe to leave important questions to the court of public opinion - but is it safe to leave them to the court of public ignorance? ~ Isaac Asimov, #NFDB
1374:One of the most damning examples of low-quality evidence concerns microcredit (that is, lending small amounts of money to the very poor, a form of microfinance most famously associated with Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank). Intuitively, microcredit seems like it would be very cost-effective, and there were many anecdotes of people who’d received microloans and used them to start businesses that, in turn, helped them escape poverty. But when high-quality studies were conducted, microcredit programs were shown to have little or no effect on income, consumption, health, or education. ~ William MacAskill, #NFDB
1375:In Spain, they are called paradores and in Portugal pousadas, but the concept is essentially identical. Across the length and breadth of both countries, historically important buildings, including palaces, convents, monasteries, castles, mansions, and forts have been converted to small hotels or large inns, all owned by the government. The programs serve two important purposes, protecting and in many cases rescuing these centuries-old structures that otherwise could not afford maintenance and upkeep and offering tourists a distinctly immersive (and affordable) way to explore the countries. ~ Larry Olmsted, #NFDB
1376:One thing I am sure of in my Total Money Makeover: I had to quit telling myself that I had innate discipline and fabulous natural self-control. That is a lie. I have to put systems and programs in place that make me do smart things. Saying, “Cross my fingers and hope to die, I promise, promise, promise I will pay extra on my mortgage because I am the one human on the planet who has that kind of discipline,” is kidding yourself. A big part of being strong financially is that you know where you are weak and take action to make sure you don’t fall prey to the weakness. And we ALL are weak. Sick ~ Dave Ramsey, #NFDB
1377:Good preachers work hard with the text. They want to make the sermon as accurate as possible. They also want to make it as interesting as possible. They want to persuade, admonish, and exhort, yet nothing happens as a result of their skill. Nothing can happen—at least, nothing good. The Holy Spirit, who attends the preached Word, is the only one who moves people to changed lives and growth. The Word is where the power is. It is not in programs or human skills. We can preach this Word till we are blue in the face, but if the Holy Spirit does not work through the Word preached, noth-ing happens. ~ R C Sproul, #NFDB
1378:In 1956, Herb Simon... predicted that within ten years computers would beat the world chess champion, compose "aesthetically satisfying" original music, and prove new mathematical theorems. It took forty years, not ten, but all these goals were achieved—and within a few years of each other! The music composed by David Cope's programs cannot be distinguished... from that composed by Mozart, Beethoven, and Bach. In 1976, a computer was used in the proof of the long-unsolved "four color problem." ~ Michael J. Beeson, "The Mechanization of Mathematics," in Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker (2004), #NFDB
1379:Human beings, because we're so clever, have removed every single one of those population limiting factors... So nothing controls our increase in numbers except our own wish. Since I first started making television programs, the population of the world has increased three times. That's an extraordinary notion. Can it increase four times? Can it increase five times? The Earth is a finite size. So a point will eventually come when we run out of food, when we run out of space and when we will have destroyed most of the natural world. So ought we to do something about it before that happens? ~ David Attenborough, #NFDB
1380:There are times when I sit at the center of the world, and when I know that I can reach out to any of the programs my good wife has written for me and pull back any fact, absorb any explanation or command any event.
There are also times when I sit with a full console and a head full of burning questions and learn nothing, because I do not know what to ask.
And there are times when I am so full of learning and being and doing that the moments zip past and the days are packed, and other times when I am floating in slack water beside a current, and the world is sliding speedily by. ~ Frederik Pohl,#NFDB
1381:Today, many whites oppose all social reform as "welfare programs for blacks." They ignore the fact that poor whites have employment, education, and social service needs that differ from the condition of poor blacks by a margin that, without a racial scorecard, becomes difficult to measure. In summary, the blatant involuntary sacrifice of black rights to further white interests, so obvious in early American history, remains viable and, while somewhat more subtle in its contemporary
forms, is as potentially damaging as it ever was to black rights and the interests of all but wealthy whites. ~ Derrick A Bell,#NFDB
1382:We are nothing but the product of billions of years of molecules coming together and ratcheting up through natural selection, we are composed only of highways of fluids and chemicals sliding along roadways within billions of dancing cells, trillions of synaptic conversations hum in parallel, this vast egglike fabric of micron-thin circuitry runs algorithms undreamt of in modern science, and these neural programs give rise to our decision making, loves, desires, fears, and aspirations. That understanding would be a numinous experience, better than anything ever proposed in anyone's holy text. ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
1383:Sadly, our educational system, as well as many of the methods that profess to treat trauma, tend to bypass this emotional-engagement system and focus instead on recruiting the cognitive capacities of the mind. Despite the well-documented effects of anger, fear, and anxiety on the ability to reason, many programs continue to ignore the need to engage the safety system of the brain before trying to promote new ways of thinking. The last things that should be cut from school schedules are chorus, physical education, recess, and anything else involving movement, play, and joyful engagement. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
1384:3. The lovely landscape of southern Ohio betrayed by strip mining, the thick gold band on the adulterer’s finger the blurred programs of the offshore pirate station are causes for hesitation. Here in the matrix of need and anger, the disproof of what we thought possible failures of medication doubts of another’s existence —tell it over and over, the words get thick with unmeaning— yet never have we been closer to the truth of the lies we were living, listen to me: the faithfulness I can imagine would be a weed flowering in tar, a blue energy piercing the massed atoms of a bedrock disbelief. 1971 ~ Adrienne Rich, #NFDB
1385:Computer science research is different from these more traditional disciplines. Philosophically it differs from the physical sciences because it seeks not to discover, explain, or exploit the natural world, but instead to study the properties of machines of human creation. In this it is analogous to mathematics, and indeed the "science" part of computer science is, for the most part mathematical in spirit. But an inevitable aspect of computer science is the creation of computer programs: objects that, though intangible, are subject to commercial exchange. ~ Dennis Ritchie (1984) Reflections on Software Research., #NFDB
1386:Dr. Milton Friedman, who was sympathetic to open-ended immigration, was also intellectually honest about its impracticability given the federal government’s massive welfare and entitlement programs. As he explained: “[I]t is one thing to have free immigration to jobs. It is another thing to have free immigration to welfare. And you cannot have both. If you have a welfare state, if you have a state in which every resident is promised a certain minimal level of income, or a minimum level of subsistence, regardless of whether he works or not, produces it or not. Then it really is an impossible thing. ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
1387:Your generation has been the target of incredible disinformation on the subject of premarital sex, which is another enticing addictive behavior to be considered. In this instance, our own government is responsible for much of the confusion. For some thirty years, federal and state programs have promoted a concept its promoters call "safe sex," which refers to the use of condoms in sexual intercourse. Billions of dollars have been spent telling young people that they can have sex—lots of really good sex—without suffering from the consequences of it. Condoms, they say, will solve all the problems. ~ James C Dobson, #NFDB
1388:In the old days, a liberal and a conservative (a “dove” and a “hawk,” say) got their data from one of three nightly news programs, a local paper, and a handful of national magazines, and were thus starting with the same basic facts (even if those facts were questionable, limited, or erroneous). Now each of us constructs a custom informational universe, wittingly (we choose to go to the sources that uphold our existing beliefs and thus flatter us) or unwittingly (our app algorithms do the driving for us). The data we get this way, pre-imprinted with spin and mythos, are intensely one-dimensional. ~ George Saunders, #NFDB
1389:the largest “negative eugenics” project in human history was not the systemic extermination of Jews in Nazi Germany or Austria in the 1930s. That ghastly distinction falls on India and China, where more than 10 million female children are missing from adulthood because of infanticide, abortion, and neglect of female children. Depraved dictators and predatory states are not an absolute requirement for eugenics. In the case of India, perfectly “free” citizens, left to their own devices, are capable of enacting grotesque eugenic programs—against females, in this case—without any state mandate. ~ Siddhartha Mukherjee, #NFDB
1390:I believe that this corporate machinery of scripted programs, comprehension worksheets (reproducibles, handouts, printables, whatever you want to call them), computer-based incentive packages, and test practice curriculum facilitates a solid bottom-line for the companies that sell them, and give schools proof they can point to that they are using every available resource to teach reading, but these efforts are doomed to fail a large number of students because they leave out the most important factor. When you take a forklift and shovel off the programs, underneath it all is a child reading a book. ~ Donalyn Miller, #NFDB
1391:Now, as traditional computing programs are displaced by the operation of AI algorithms, requirements are once again shifting. Machine learning demands the rapid-fire execution of complex mathematical formulas, something for which neither Intel’s nor Qualcomm’s chips are built. Into the void stepped Nvidia, a chipmaker that had previously excelled at graphics processing for video games. The math behind graphics processing aligned well with the requirements for AI, and Nvidia became the go-to player in the chip market. Between 2016 and early 2018, the company’s stock price multiplied by a factor of ten. ~ Kai Fu Lee, #NFDB
1392:Notably, Tennessee is known as a “Right to Work” state, which, despite having the ring of a guaranteed job, is a phrase that refers to laws that ensure workers are not required to pay union fees as a condition of their employment. The “Right to Work” movement was initiated in Southern states as a way of weakening union control and, in doing so, luring factory jobs from the Rust Belt. Studies have shown that workers in “Right to Work” states tend to have lower wages, inferior health insurance, and inferior pension programs when compared to workers in states that do not have “Right to Work” laws.75 ~ Marc Lamont Hill, #NFDB
1393:The harder you fight a decentralized opponent, the stronger it gets. The labels had the power to annihilate Napster and destroy Kazaa. But waging that battle was possibly the worst strategic move the labels made. It started a chain reaction that now threatens the entire industry. As the labels go after the Napsters and Kazaas of the world, little programs like eMule start popping up.
Now, it's not that MGM and the other labels are stupid, nor are they alone. It's just that MGM hasn't stopped to fully understand this new force. What we've seen with the P2P companies is just the tip of the iceberg. ~ Ori Brafman,#NFDB
1394:My teachers ain’t even know my name,” I say.
“I go to an alternative school. It’s real small.”
“Damn. Alternative schools is for bad kids. How bad was you?”
She turn ‘round to face me. “I wasn’t bad,” she say. “I was at risk!”
We both gotta laugh at that shit. Starting in first grade, them teachers took one look at me and started putting me in programs for at-risk kids, then at-risk boys, then at-risk teenagers. Personally, I ain’t never knew what the fuck I was s’posed to be at risk of, except growing up Black, but ain’t no program I know of gonna change that. ~ Coe Booth,#NFDB
1395:Henceforth, federal, state, and local governments shall make no law nor establish any program that transfers general tax revenues to some citizens and not to others, whether those transfers consist of money or in-kind benefits. All programs currently providing such benefits are to be terminated. The funds formerly allocated to them are to be used instead to provide every citizen with a Universal Basic Income beginning at age twenty-one and continuing until death. The maximum annual value of the grant at the program’s outset is to be $13,000, of which $3,000 must be devoted to catastrophic health insurance. ~ Charles Murray, #NFDB
1396:Let us admit that some government programs and personnel are efficient and effective, and others are not. Let us acknowledge that when it comes to the treatment of children, some individuals are evil, neglectful, or incompetent, but others are trying to do the best they can against daunting odds and deserve not our contempt but the help only we—through our government—can provide. Let us stop stereotyping government and individuals as absolute villains or absolute saviors, and recognize that each must be part of the solution. Let us use government, as we have in the past, to further the common good. ~ Hillary Rodham Clinton, #NFDB
1397:A true revolution of values will lay hand on the world order and say of war, “This way of settling differences is not just.” This business of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nation’s homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped and psychologically deranged, cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice, and love. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death. ~ Richard Belzer, #NFDB
1398:GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY ECONOMICS professor Dr. Walter Williams rightly describes the underlying pathology driving the nation to economic and financial ruin as a moral problem: “We’ve become an immoral people demanding that Congress forcibly use one American to serve the purposes of another. Deficits and runaway national debt are merely symptoms of that real problem.”1 As Williams states, nearly 75 percent of today’s federal spending “can be described as Congress taking the earnings of one American to give to another through thousands of handout programs, such as farm subsidies, business bailouts and welfare.”2 ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
1399:Indeed, in government, the worse a government agency performs, the more money it can claim from a legislature, city council, or county commission. If state-run schools fail to educate children, then obviously they need more money (even if government-run schools often already spend several times more per student than private schools do). If the welfare state fails to reduce, or actually increases, poverty then obviously, say the bureaucrats, we need to expand welfare programs even further. The Obama administration actually bragged about expanding food stamp rolls and claimed they were good for the economy. ~ Thomas J DiLorenzo, #NFDB
1400:Many in the ruling generation have themselves become entrapped in economically unsustainable governmental schemes in which they are beneficiaries of and reliant on public programs, such as unfunded entitlements, to which they have contributed significantly into supposed “trust funds” and around which they have organized their retirement years. They also find self-deluding solace in the politically expedient and deceitful representations by the ruling class, which dismisses evidence of its own diversion and depletion of trust funds and its overall maladministration as the invention of doomsayers and scaremongers. ~ Mark R Levin, #NFDB
1401:this small effort will encourage you to read further. All of the major wars had their fighter ace heroes: Canadian George Beurling, Americans Richard Bong, “Gabby” Gabreski, and Gregory Boyington. The Japanese who owned the skies over Asia and the Pacific in the first years of the war had more than their share of fighter aces. The Russians had multiple aces as did the French and the Finns who fought against the USSR from 1940-44. Each of these men helped develop aerial warfare as we know it today, and many of their aerial feats are still taught in fighter pilot programs the world over. ~ Ryan Jenkins, #NFDB
1402:the basic form of this every-member gospel ministry is the same: • Organic. It happens spontaneously, outside of the church’s organized programs (even though it occasionally makes use of formal programs). • Relational. It is done in the context of informal personal relationships. • Word deploying. It prayerfully brings the Bible and gospel into connection with people’s lives. • Active, not passive. Each person assumes personal responsibility for being a producer rather than just a consumer of ministry; for example, even though Fred continues to come to the small group as he always has, his mind-set has changed. ~ Timothy J Keller, #NFDB
1403:Radically better software robustness and productivity are to be had only by moving up a level, and making programs by the composition of modules, or objects. An especially promising trend is the use of mass-market packages as the platforms on which richer and more customized products are built. A truck-tracking system is built on a shrink-wrapped database and communications package; so is a student information system. The want ads in computer magazines offer hundreds of Hypercard stacks and customized templates for Excel, dozens of special functions in Pascal for MiniCad or functions in AutoLisp for AutoCad. ~ Frederick P Brooks Jr, #NFDB
1404:We don't see the New Testament church hoarding the feast for themselves, gorging, getting fatter and fatter and asking for more; more bible studies, more sermons, more programs, classes, training, conferences, information, more feasting for us. At some point, the church stopped living the bible and decided just to study it, culling the feast parts and whitewashing the fast parts. We are addicted to the buffet, skillfully discarding the costly discipleship required after consuming. The feast is supposed to sustain the fast, but we go back for seconds and thirds and fourths, stuffed to the brim and fat with inactivity. ~ Jen Hatmaker, #NFDB
1405:By understanding that what we did to blacks was immoral, we were willing to assuage our guilt via affirmative action programs and welfare. By thinking of men as the dominant oppressors who do what they do for power and greed, we feel little guilt when they die early in the process. By believing that women were an oppressed slavelike class, we extended privileges and advantages to women that had originally been designed to compensate for our immorality to blacks. For women—and only women—to take advantage of this slavery compensation was its own brand of immorality. For men to cooperate was its own brand of ignorance. ~ Warren Farrell, #NFDB
1406:called for the repeal of all campaign-finance laws and the abolition of the Federal Election Commission (FEC). It also favored the abolition of all government health-care programs, including Medicaid and Medicare. It attacked Social Security as “virtually bankrupt” and called for its abolition, too. The Libertarians also opposed all income and corporate taxes, including capital gains taxes, and called for an end to the prosecution of tax evaders. Their platform called for the abolition too of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Environmental Protection Agency, the FBI, and the CIA, among other government agencies. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1407:All of Dostoevsky’s heroes question themselves as to the meaning of life. In this they are modern: they do not fear ridicule. What distinguishes modern sensibility from classical sensibility is that the latter thrives on moral programs and the former on metaphysical programs. In Dostoevsky’s novels the question is propounded with such intensity that it can only invite extreme solutions. Existence is illusory or it is eternal. If Dostoevsky were satisfied with this inquiry, he would be a philosopher. But he illustrates the consequences that such intellectual pastimes may have in a man’s life, and in this regard he is an artist. ~ Albert Camus, #NFDB
1408:I have contended in Capitalism and Christianity, American Style that many anxious white males in the working and middle classes seek models of masculinity with whom to identify in a world of uncertainty. Corporate elites, sports heroes, financial wizards, and military leaders project images of independence, mastery, and virility that can make them attractive models of identification, whereas state welfare programs, market regulations, retirement schemes, and health care, while essential to life, may remind too many of the very fragilities, vulnerabilities, susceptibilities, and dependencies they strive to deny or forget. ~ William E Connolly, #NFDB
1409:A wide diversity of treatment and social support models needs to be made available to drug users, ranging from one-strike-you’re-out abstinence to harm reduction, methadone maintenance, buprenorphine detox, heroin prescription, and subsidized employment initiatives. Treatment programs also need to take advantage of the moments of life crisis that drive long-term injectors to seek treatment. Most of the spur of the moment, crisis-driven windows of opportunity for changing the lives of street addicts are missed because underfunding, exacerbated by neoliberal audit culture, forces treatment programs to exclude risky patients. ~ Philippe Bourgois, #NFDB
1410:For life today in America is based on the premise of ever-widening circles of contact and communication. It involves not only family demands, but community demands, national demands, international demands on the good citizen, through social and cultural pressures, through newspapers, magazines, radio programs, political drives, charitable appeals, and so on. My mind reels in it, What a circus act we women perform every day of our lives. It puts the trapeze artist to shame. Look at us. We run a tight rope daily, balancing a pile of books on the head. Baby-carriage, parasol, kitchen chair, still under control. Steady now! ~ Anne Morrow Lindbergh, #NFDB
1411:Only within the 20th Century has biological thought been focused on ecology, or the relation of the living creature to its environment. Awareness of ecological relationships is — or should be — the basis of modern conservation programs, for it is useless to attempt to preserve a living species unless the kind of land or water it requires is also preserved. So delicately interwoven are the relationships that when we disturb one thread of the community fabric we alter it all — perhaps almost imperceptibly, perhaps so drastically that destruction follows."
Essay on the Biological Sciences, in: Good Reading (1958) ~ Rachel Carson,#NFDB
1412:The CIA admits they hacked into the computers of members of the Senate Intelligence Committee when they were investigating the CIA’s detention and interrogations programs under the Bush administration. 830 Again, they wanted to know who their sources were and how much they knew. So if the CIA would illegally hack into computers of the very Congressmen who are tasked with overseeing their activities, why wouldn’t they hack into the computers of reporters who are also investigating their unethical and illegal actions? The fact that these crimes are all but ignored by mainstream news networks shows that they are complicit in the cover-up. ~ Mark Dice, #NFDB
1413:We may try to make something of ourselves, but we cannot take over our own evolution. We made antibiotics because we were made to be the kind of beings who make such things as antibiotics. That changed our condition without changing us, being as we are the kind of creatures who do things and make things, yet are not in the business of getting ourselves made. Nature had plans for us and still does. One of those plans seems to be the dream of transhumanism, which may just be a plan to unmake us. If so, we are not going to alter that plan simply because we imagine we can make a new person with new evolutionary programs that we will write. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1414:in a chapter on “repairing God’s house,” they’ll find no new ideas for projects, programs, studies, procedures for nominating bishops, committees, structures, offices, synods, councils, pastoral plans, changed teaching, new teaching, budget realignments, sweeping reforms, or reshuffled personnel. None of those things matter. Or rather, none of them is essential. The only thing essential, to borrow a thought from the great Leon Bloy, is to be a saint. And we do that, as a Church and as individuals, by actually living what we claim to believe, and believing the faith that generations of Christians have suffered and died to sustain. ~ Charles J Chaput, #NFDB
1415:The government used to be able to coordinate complex solutions to problems like atomic weaponry and lunar exploration. But today, after 40 years of indefinite creep, the government mainly just provides insurance; our solutions to big problems are Medicare, Social Security, and a dizzying array of other transfer payment programs. It’s no surprise that entitlement spending has eclipsed discretionary spending every year since 1975. To increase discretionary spending we’d need definite plans to solve specific problems. But according to the indefinite logic of entitlement spending, we can make things better just by sending out more checks. ~ Peter Thiel, #NFDB
1416:we are in an age of religious complexity. The simplicity which is in Christ is rarely found among us. In its stead are programs, methods, organizations and a world of nervous activities which occupy time and attention but can never satisfy the longing of the heart. The shallowness of our inner experience, the hollowness of our worship, and the servile imitation of the world which marks our promotional methods all testify that we, in this day, know God only imperfectly, and the peace of God scarcely at all. If we would find God amid all the religious externals we must first determine to find Him, and then proceed in the way of simplicity. ~ A W Tozer, #NFDB
1417:As a discipline, Law and Economics was seen at first as a fringe theory embraced largely by libertarian mavericks until the Olin Foundation spent $68 million underwriting its growth. Like an academic Johnny Appleseed, the Olin Foundation underwrote 83 percent of the costs for all Law and Economics programs in American law schools between the years of 1985 and 1989. Overall, it scattered more than $10 million to Harvard, $7 million to Yale and Chicago, and over $2 million to Columbia, Cornell, Georgetown, and the University of Virginia. Miller writes, “John Olin, in fact, was prouder of Law and Economics than any other program he supported. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1418:Every year, Blue and her mother, Maura, had come to the same place, and every year it was chilly. But this year, without Maura here with her, it felt colder. It was April 24, St. Mark’s Eve. For most people, St. Mark’s Day came and went without note. It wasn’t a school holiday. No presents were exchanged. There were no costumes or festivals. There were no St. Mark’s Day sales, no St. Mark’s Day cards in the store racks, no special television programs that aired only once a year. No one marked April 25 on their calendar. In fact, most of the living were unaware that St. Mark even had a day named in his honor. But the dead remembered. ~ Maggie Stiefvater, #NFDB
1419:Adding three trillion dollars to the deficit actually served a moral purpose for Ronald Reagan. It meant that, sooner or later, the deficit would force an elimination of social programs. He knew perfectly well that the military budget would never be seriously cut, and that a major increase in tax revenues to eliminate the deficit would never be agreed upon. In the long run, the staggering deficit would actually serve Strict Father morality—conservative morality—by forcing Congress to cut social programs. From the perspective of Strict Father morality, Ronald Reagan looks moral and smart, not immoral and dumb as many liberals believe. The ~ George Lakoff, #NFDB
1420:Despite the well-documented effects of anger, fear, and anxiety on the ability to reason, many programs continue to ignore the need to engage the safety system of the brain before trying to promote new ways of thinking. The last things that should be cut from school schedules are chorus, physical education, recess, and anything else involving movement, play, and joyful engagement. When children are oppositional, defensive, numbed out, or enraged, it’s also important to recognize that such “bad behavior” may repeat action patterns that were established to survive serious threats, even if they are intensely upsetting or off-putting. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
1421:We can choose to resist these messages—but it will be easier if we mindfully choose to limit our exposure to such messages. Turn off the television. Stop mindlessly reading glossy magazines. Children especially need protection from the media, since their minds simply are not mature enough to understand that advertisers are deliberately trying to influence them.19 We also need to shield ourselves and our children from unwholesome films, TV programs, and video games, in addition to advertisements, because they can fill us with anxiety, violence, and craving. They can also fill us with stress, and stress may, in turn, contribute to weight gain. ~ Thich Nhat Hanh, #NFDB
1422:Imagine for a moment that we are nothing but the product of billions of years of molecules coming together and ratcheting up through natural selection, that we are composed only of highways of fluids and chemicals sliding along roadways within billions of dancing cells, that trillions of synaptic conversations hum in parallel, that this vast egglike fabric of micron-thin circuitry runs algorithms undreamt of in modern science, and that these neural programs give rise to our decision making, loves, desires, fears, and aspirations. To me, that understanding would be a numinous experience, better than anything ever proposed in anyone's holy text. ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
1423:As late as April 2009, the IMF estimated that we would incur nearly $2 trillion in direct costs saving the financial system, but at the end of 2013, our financial programs were projected to generate a positive return for the taxpayer of more than $150 billion, enough to fund federal cancer research at current levels for the next twenty-five years. But many Americans just remember the initial characterization of the financial rescue as a handout. Jenni LeCompte once sent me a clip of CNN’s Erin Burnett interviewing a young activist from Occupy Wall Street, asking him if he knew that the Wall Street bailouts had been profitable for taxpayers. ~ Timothy F Geithner, #NFDB
1424:The great intellectual threats to the ideals of the human individual and the free-
dom of the human mind at that time came from the logicism of the positivists and
the conformism that underwrote or underscored the ethology of the behaviorists.
The great practical threats came from the false promises of Marxist-Leninism. All
three movements—positivism, behaviorism, and Marxism—were tricked out in the
garb of science. All three were deterministic, although not without their prescriptive
programs. And all three made self-serving claims to moral and intellectual insuper-
ability, historic inevitability, and permanence. ~ Lenn Evan Goodman,#NFDB
1425:In April 2016, the UN General Assembly held a special session on drugs, in anticipation of which former Secretary General Kofi Annan called for the decriminalization of all drugs for personal use, the increase in treatment options for drug abusers, the implementation of harm-reduction strategies such as needle exchange programs, and a focus on regulation and public education, rather than criminalization. In an op-ed in the Huffington Post, Annan wrote, “It is time to acknowledge that drugs are infinitely more dangerous if they are left solely in the hands of criminals who have no concerns about health and safety. Legal regulation protects health. ~ Ayelet Waldman, #NFDB
1426:As leaders, if we ask teachers to use their own time to do anything, what we’re really telling them is: it’s not important. The focus on compliance and implementation of programs in much of today’s professional development does not inspire teachers to be creative, nor does it foster a culture of innovation. Instead, it forces inspired educators to color outside the lines, and even break the rules, to create relevant opportunities for their students. These outliers form pockets of innovation. Their results surprise us. Their students remember them as “great teachers,” not because of the test scores they received but because their lives were touched. ~ George Couros, #NFDB
1427:Instead of trying to resurrect or reform a system whose endless pursuit of economic growth has created a nation of material abundance and spiritual poverty—and instead of hoping for a new FDR to save capitalism with New Deal–like programs—we need to build a new kind of economy from the ground up. That is what I have learned from fifty-five years of living and struggling in Detroit, the city that was once the national and international symbol of the miracle of industrialization and is now the national and international symbol of the devastation of deindustrialization. That is why so many people, especially young people, have their eyes on Detroit today. ~ Grace Lee Boggs, #NFDB
1428:In Logo, the child controls a little turtle on-screen, issuing it commands to make it move around. The turtle draws a line wherever it goes, so it’s kind of like using a computerized Etch A Sketch. To draw a square, a child would tell the turtle to go forward thirty steps, turn right ninety degrees, then do the same thing three more times. Children quickly got the hang of it, using Logo to write programs that would draw all manner of things, like houses or cars. They’d laboriously write one instruction for each step of the picture, almost the way you’d set up the dots for a connect-the-dots drawing. To draw a bird, they’d connect two quarter circles together. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1429:Truman knew that government employees deserved fair procedures and asserted that his loyalty program would provide them. But he nonetheless expanded an already flawed set of procedures and did nothing to stop other agencies of government from establishing even more arbitrary loyalty programs: the armed services were allowed to investigate civilian employees of defense contractors and to order firings without giving any account of the charges against the suspects.75 By mid-1952 Truman administration loyalty boards had investigated many thousands of employees, of whom around 1,200 were dismissed and another 6,000 resigned rather than undergo the indignities ~ James T Patterson, #NFDB
1430:When God’s Lightning was first founded, as a splinter off Women’s Liberation, it had as its slogan “No More Sexism,” and its original targets were adult bookstores, sex-education programs, men’s magazines, and foreign movies. It was only after meeting “Smiling Jim” Trepomena of Knights of Christianity United in Faith that Atlanta discovered that both male supremacy and orgasms were part of the International Communist Conspiracy. It was at that point, really, that God’s Lightning and orthodox Women’s Lib totally parted company, for the orthodox faction, just then, were teaching that male supremacy and orgasms were part of the International Kapitalist Conspiracy.) ~ Robert Shea, #NFDB
1431:The Jim Crow South,” writes Ira Katznelson, a history and political science professor at Columbia, “was the one collaborator America’s democracy could not do without.” The marks of that collaboration are all over the New Deal. The omnibus programs passed under the Social Security Act in 1935 were crafted in such a way as to protect the southern way of life. Old-age insurance (Social Security proper) and unemployment insurance excluded farmworkers and domestics—jobs heavily occupied by blacks. When President Roosevelt signed Social Security into law in 1935, 65 percent of African Americans nationally and between 70 and 80 percent in the South were ineligible. ~ Ta Nehisi Coates, #NFDB
1432:The campaign drew heavily from the American anti-apartheid movement of the 1980s, which led to the dismantling of racial segregation programs in South Africa by targeting the one thing which—unlike protests or letters or phone calls—no government can ignore: money ... SHAC set out to make Huntington the South Africa of the corporate world. They identified banks, suppliers, customers and employees—anyone with any financial ties to the lab, from Fortune 500 companies to toilet paper suppliers. They focused on businesses with no vested interest in animal experimentation, either philosophically or economically; Huntington needed them, but they did not need Huntington. ~ Will Potter, #NFDB
1433:A notable group of exceptions to all the previous systems are Interactive LISP [...] and TRAC. Both are functionally oriented (one list, the other string), both talk to the user with one language, and both are "homoiconic" in that their internal and external representations are essentially the same. They both have the ability to dynamically create new functions which may then be elaborated at the users's pleasure. Their only great drawback is that programs written in them look like King Burniburiach's letter to the Sumerians done in Babylonian cuniform! ~ Alan Kay in his 1969 PhD thesis: The Reactive Engine (PhD). University of Utah. URL: http://www.mprove.de/diplom/gui/kay69.html, #NFDB
1434:For our Christian groups and their leaders, it means that there is a simple, straightforward way in which congregations of Jesus’ people can, without exception, fulfill his call to be an ecclesia, his “called out” ones: a touch point between heaven and earth, where the healing of the Cross and the Resurrection can save the lost and grow the saved into the fullness of human beings in Christ. No special facilities, programs, talents, or techniques are required. It doesn’t even require a budget. Just faithfulness to the process of spiritual formation in Christlikeness exposed in the Scriptures and in the lives of his “peculiar people” through the ages (Titus 2:14, KJV). ~ Dallas Willard, #NFDB
1435:The days that followed passed slowly. I lay in my hotel room and watched the kind of strange European TV that would probably make perfect sense if I understood the language, but because I didn’t, the programs just seemed dreamlike and baffling. In one studio show a group of Scandinavian academics watched as one of them poured liquid plastic into a bucket of cold water. It solidified, they pulled it out, handed it around the circle, and, as far as I could tell, intellectualized on its random misshapenness. I phoned home but my wife didn’t answer. It crossed my mind that she might be dead. I panicked. Then it turned out that she wasn’t dead. She had just been at the shops. ~ Jon Ronson, #NFDB
1436:Many of the members of the new upper class are balkanized. Furthermore, their ignorance about other Americans is more problematic than the ignorance of other Americans about them. It is not a problem if truck drivers cannot empathize with the priorities of Yale professors. It is a problem if Yale professors, or producers of network news programs, or CEOs of great corporations, or presidential advisers cannot empathize with the priorities of truck drivers. It is inevitable that people have large areas of ignorance about how others live, but that makes it all the more important that the members of the new upper class be aware of the breadth and depth of their ignorance. ~ Charles Murray, #NFDB
1437:The moment I regained my sight I communicated my frustrations to some members of the Lisp sect. Almost immediately I was bombarded by a standard set of responses: Lisp's parentheses are only a superficial matter, Lisp has a huge benefit of code and data being expressed in the same manner (which, obviously, is a huge improvement over XML), Lisp has tremendously powerful metaprogramming facilities that allow programs to write code and modify themselves, Lisp allows for creation of mini-languages specific to the problem at hand, Lisp blurs the distinction between run time and compile time, Lisp, Lisp, Lisp... The list was very impressive. Needless to say none of it made sense. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1438:Every city is a war. A thousand fights being fought between a hundred groups. Rich, poor, old, young, born-here, and not-born-here. The followers of this god and the followers of that one. Someone will have the upper hand in each of these battles. Those people will make the rules, whether they're administered by priests or soldiers or politicians or programs. Fixing this is hard. Put new people in power, write new laws, erase old ones, build cities out of nothingness - but the wars remain, the underlying conflicts are unaffected. Only power shifts the scales, and people build power only when they come together. When they find in each other the strength to stop being afraid ~ Sam J Miller, #NFDB
1439:I think it's strange - so alike and yet so different! We are capable of working together, of building the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Wall of China, the cathedrals of Europe and the temples of Peru. We can compose unforgettable music, work in hospitals, create new computer programs.
"But at some moment all this loses its meaning, and we feel alone, as if we were part of another world, different from the one we have helped to build."
"At times, when others need our help, we grow desperate because this prevents us from enjoying life. At other times, when nobody needs us, we feel useless.
"But that's the way we are. We are complex human beings. Why despair? ~ Anonymous,#NFDB
1440:Establishing yourself as a scientist takes an awfully long time. The riskiest part is learning what a true scientist is and then taking the first shaky steps down that path, which will become a road, which will become a highway, which will maybe someday lead you home. A true scientist doesn’t perform prescribed experiments; she develops her own and thus generates wholly new knowledge. This transition between doing what you’re told and telling yourself what to do generally occurs midway through a dissertation. In many ways, it is the most difficult and terrifying thing that a student can do, and being unable or unwilling to do it is much of what weeds people out of Ph.D. programs. ~ Hope Jahren, #NFDB
1441:But ultimately, sovereign power really is, still, the right to brush such legalities aside, or to make them up as one goes along.164 The United States might call itself “a country of laws, not men,” but as we have learned in recent years, American presidents can order torture, assassinations, domestic surveillance programs, even set up extra-legal zones like Guantanamo where they can treat prisoners pretty much any way they choose to. Even on the lowest levels, those who enforce the law are not really subject to it. It’s extraordinary difficult, for instance, for a police officer to do anything to an American citizen that would lead to that officer being convicted of a crime.165 ~ David Graeber, #NFDB
1442:[Computer science] is not really about computers -- and it's not about computers in the same sense that physics is not really about particle accelerators, and biology is not about microscopes and Petri dishes...and geometry isn't really about using surveying instruments. Now the reason that we think computer science is about computers is pretty much the same reason that the Egyptians thought geometry was about surveying instruments: when some field is just getting started and you don't really understand it very well, it's very easy to confuse the essence of what you're doing with the tools that you use. ~ Harold Abelson, Introductory lecture to Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, #NFDB
1443:Privileged groups routinely assume that all deserving Americans live in decent housing, attend safe schools with caring teachers, and will be rewarded for their hard work with college opportunities and good jobs. They believe that undeserving Blacks and Latinos who remain locked up in deteriorating inner cities get what they deserve and do not merit social programs that will show them a future. This closing door of opportunity associated with hyper-segregation creates a situation of shrinking opportunities and neglect. This is the exact climate that breeds a culture of violence that is a growing component of "street culture" in working-class and poor Black neighborhoods. ~ Patricia Hill Collins, #NFDB
1444:Countries with high levels of atheism are also the most charitable both in terms of the percentage of their wealth they devote to social welfare programs and the percentage they give in aid to the developing world. The dubious link between Christian literalism and Christian values is belied by other indices of social equality. Consider the ratio of salaries paid to top-tier CEOs and those paid to the same firms’ average employees: in Britain it is 24:1; in France, 15:1; in Sweden, 13:1; in the United States, where 80 percent of the population expects to be called before God on Judgment Day, it is 475:1. Many a camel, it would seem, expects to pass easily through the eye of a needle. ~ Sam Harris, #NFDB
1445:When I first became a manager, I had mixed feelings about training. Logically, training for high-tech companies made sense, but my personal experience with training programs at the companies where I had worked was underwhelming. The courses were taught by outside firms who didn’t really understand our business and were teaching things that weren’t relevant. Then I read chapter 16 of Andy Grove’s management classic, High Output Management, titled “Why Training Is the Boss’s Job,” and it changed my career. Grove wrote, “Most managers seem to feel that training employees is a job that should be left to others. I, on the other hand, strongly believe that the manager should do it himself. ~ Ben Horowitz, #NFDB
1446:It is important to note that the Great Reversal preceded the rise of the welfare state in America. Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty did not occur until the 1960s, and even FDR’s relatively modest New Deal policies were not launched until the 1930s. In short, the evangelical church’s retreat from poverty alleviation was fundamentally due to shifts in theology and not—as many have asserted—to government programs that drove the church away from ministry to the poor. While the rise of government programs may have exacerbated the church’s retreat, they were not the primary cause. Theology matters, and the church needs to rediscover a Christ-centered, fully orbed perspective of the kingdom. ~ Steve Corbett, #NFDB
1447:In electrodynamics the continuous field appears side by side with the material particle as the representative of physical reality. This dualism, though disturbing to any systematic mind, has today not yet disappeared...The successful physical systems that have been set up since then represent rather a compromise between these two programs, and it is precisely this character of compromise that stamps them as temporary and logically incomplete...I incline to the belief that physicists will...be brought back to the attempt to realize that program which may suitably be called Maxwell's: the description of physical reality by fields which satisfy...a set of partial differential equations. ~ Albert Einstein, #NFDB
1448:Our truth-allergic, experience-addicted populace wants transformation but doesn’t want the loss of freedom and control associated with submitting to authority within a committed community. Many “converts” seem to make decisions for Christ but soon lose their enthusiasm because they are offered quick programs for follow-up and small group fellowship rather than a lifelong, embodied experience of community. Many churches do not even have a process for becoming a member. As a result, converts’ lives are often not visibly different from those in the culture around them. The older, more communal processes of traditional churches are better at bringing about a more thorough transformation of life. ~ Timothy J Keller, #NFDB
1449:Interviewer: Is studying computer science the best way to prepare to be a programmer? Bill Gates: No. the best way to prepare is to write programs, and to study great programs that other people have written. In my case, I went to the garbage cans at the Computer Science Center and I fished out listings of their operating system. You got to be willing to read other people's code, then write your own, then have other people review your code. You've got to want to be in this incredible feedback loop where you get the world-class people to tell you what you're doing wrong. ~ Bill Gates cited in: "Programmers at Work: Interviews With 19 Programmers Who Shaped the Computer Industry", Tempus, by Susan Lammers (Editor), #NFDB
1450:It is easy for those of us who have enough, living a secure life, structured by goals that we can reasonably confidently aspire to achieve (that new sofa, the 50-inch flat screen, that second car) and institutions designed to help us get there (savings accounts, pension programs, home-equity loans) to assume, like the Victorians, that motivation and discipline are intrinsic. As a result, there are always worries about being overindulgent to the slothful poor. Our contention is that for the most part, the problem is the opposite: It is too hard to stay motivated when everything you want looks impossibly far away. Moving the goalposts closer may be just what the poor need to start running toward them. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1451:Likewise, effectively incorporating a diversity of people into congregational life will demand greater flexibility and creativity on the part of faith communities. Ministry strategies and discipleship programs that were successful in the past may need to be reimagined or even scrapped for something new. Rather than spawning ever-more-segmented ministries that further silo various demographics, what would it look like if churches started with the premise that godly relationships nurtured over the long haul can transcend the science of demography? What if churches prioritized seeking and finding God together over activities and events designed to appeal to ever-shrinking slices of their constituency? ~ George Barna, #NFDB
1452:I am convinced that political and economic policies involving the forced redistribution of wealth via government intervention are neither right nor safe. Such policies are both unethical and ineffective…. On the surface it would seem that socialists are on God's side. Unfortunately, their programs and their means foster greater poverty even though their hearts remain loyal to eliminating poverty. The tragic fallacy that invades socialist thinking is that there is a necessary, causal connection between the wealth of the wealthy and the poverty of the poor. Socialists assume that one man's wealth is based on another man's poverty; therefore, to stop poverty and help the poor man, we must have socialism.4 ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1453:The dietary programs that have been recommended have been determined on the basis of a study of the nutrition used by the patient, the data provided by the x-rays, from the saliva analysis and case history. The diets have been found to be deficient in minerals, chiefly phosphorus. Fat-soluble vitamins have been deficient in practically every case of active tooth decay. The foods selected for reinforcing the deficient nutritions have always included additional fatsoluble vitamins and a liberal source of minerals in the form of natural food. Human beings cannot absorb minerals satisfactorily from inorganic chemicals. Great harm is done, in my judgment, by the sale and use of substitutes for natural foods ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1454:Chronic abuse and neglect in childhood interfere with the proper wiring of sensory-integration systems. In some cases this results in learning disabilities, which include faulty connections between the auditory and word-processing systems, and poor hand-eye coordination. As long as they are frozen or explosive, it is difficult to see how much trouble the adolescents in our residential treatment programs have processing day-to-day information, but once their behavioral problems have been successfully treated, their learning disabilities often become manifest. Even if these traumatized kids could sit still and pay attention, many of them would still be handicapped by their poor learning skills.22 ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
1455:Nurse. Registered Massage therapist. Yoga instructor. She considered al of the above programs and costed out notions, and returned, always, to the library, to its heat, the fragrance of dried pages like pressed leaves, its quietude. Something else is present here too: oscuridad - the Spanish word for darkness, which Juliet believes contains so much more than its translation. The oscuridad in here mirrors her own: one tiny darkness amidst the darkness of a multitude of minds seeking illumination, dead and alive trapped in dormant words. She thinks she can hear the oscuridad, her cheek pressed to the fake wood of the carrel she has earned; she can hear it, even though the library's lights are forever on. ~ Carrie Snyder, #NFDB
1456:stratejiler iş fırsatları gelir gider para kazanılır kaybedilir. Ama sürdürülebilir başarının temeli değerlerdir. Yani çalışma kültürü iki insanlardır ve kültür dediğim zaman da size ne kastediyorum onu göstereceğim ben bu konuşmayı bırakacağım. Kültür bir sürü faktörün dokumasından çıkıyor komünikasyon, Compensation. HR Programs İnsan Kaynakları, Performance Evaluation Employment Relationship Endüstri İlişkileri veya Performans Analizi. Burada vizyon ve değişim için tolerans hoşgörü organizasyon yeteneği, Individual Competencies karar alabilme en önemlisi değerler kültür moral liderlik structure bütün bunların hepsi bu çalışma kültürünü oluşturuyor. İşte sürdürülebilir başarının temeli buralardan geçiyor. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1457:Wolfram, one of the most innovative thinkers in scientific computing and in the theory of complex systems, has been best known for the development of Mathematica, a computer program/system that allows a range of calculations not accessible before. After ten years of virtual silence, Wolfram is about to emerge with a provocative book that makes the bold claim that he can replace the basic infrastructure of science. In a world used to more than three hundred years of science being dominated by mathematical equations as the basic building blocks of models for nature, Wolfram proposes simple computer programs instead. He suggests that nature's main secret is the use of simple programs to generate complexity. ~ Mario Livio, #NFDB
1458:She is an applications programmer for the Feds. In the old days, she would have written computer programs for a living. Nowadays, she writes fragments of computer programs. These programs are designed by Marietta and Marietta’s superiors in massive week-long meetings on the top floor. Once they get the design down, they start breaking up the problem into tinier and tinier segments, assigning them to group managers, who break them down even more and feed little bits of work to the individual programmers. In order to keep the work done by the individual coders from colliding, it all has to be done according to a set of rules and regulations even bigger and more fluid than the Government procedure manual. ~ Neal Stephenson, #NFDB
1459:The leading virtue of conservative politics as I see it is the preference for procedure over ideological programs. Liberals tend to believe that government exists in order to lead the people into a better future, in which liberty, equality, social justice, the socialist millennium, or something of that kind will be realized. ... Conservatives believe that the role of government is not to lead society towards a goal but to ensure that, wherever society goes, it goes there peacefully. Government exists in order to conciliate opposing views, to manage conflicts, and to ensure peaceful transactions between the citizens, as they compete in the market, and associate in what Burke called their “little platoons. ~ Roger Scruton, #NFDB
1460:Currying favor with special interests at the expense of the public good is a way for politicians to fund their campaigns and secure their future for when they leave government. It has been firmly enshrined as the primary source of money for politics since the Sherman Act did away with patronage. So long as politicians are able to tap special interests for these purposes, they will find ways to reward them with public policy—and they will do whatever it takes to protect the programs they have already put in place. What reformers really need to do first is attack the way the business of politics is conducted, rather than focusing on the products of that business. Then, and only then , will the cancer of cronyism ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1461:It’s easy to raise graduation rates, for example, by lowering standards. Many students struggle with math and science prerequisites and foreign languages. Water down those requirements, and more students will graduate. But if one goal of our educational system is to produce more scientists and technologists for a global economy, how smart is that? It would also be a cinch to pump up the income numbers for graduates. All colleges would have to do is shrink their liberal arts programs, and get rid of education departments and social work departments while they’re at it, since teachers and social workers make less money than engineers, chemists, and computer scientists. But they’re no less valuable to society. ~ Cathy O Neil, #NFDB
1462:[Computer science] is not really about computers -- and it's not about computers in the same sense that physics is not really about particle accelerators, and biology is not about microscopes and Petri dishes...and geometry isn't really about using surveying instruments. Now the reason that we think computer science is about computers is pretty much the same reason that the Egyptians thought geometry was about surveying instruments: when some field is just getting started and you don't really understand it very well, it's very easy to confuse the essence of what you're doing with the tools that you use." ~ Hal Abelson (1986) Introduction of video of lectures on the Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (source)., #NFDB
1463:According to Dr. Bruce Lipton, gene activity can change on a daily basis. If the perception in your mind is reflected in the chemistry of your body, and if your nervous system reads and interprets the environment and then controls the blood’s chemistry, then you can literally change the fate of your cells by altering your thoughts.
In fact, Dr. Lipton’s research illustrates that by changing your perception, your mind can alter the activity of your genes and create over thirty thousand variations of products from each gene. He gives more detail by saying that the gene programs are contained within the nucleus of the cell, and you can rewrite those genetic programs through changing your blood chemistry. ~ Bruce H Lipton,#NFDB
1464:Finally, you are ready to launch your church. Begin by developing action steps and goals that can be used as benchmarks to track your progress. In your planning, always be sensitive to God’s sovereignty. What matters is not so much the final detailed plan itself as the actual process of planning. Reality will always alter your plan, but the planning process will equip you to deal with surprises and new realities in a way that is informed by and consistent with your model and vision. Your specific action steps and plans should include these basics: • goals for funding and how to reach them • goals for concrete ministries/programs and how to reach them • goals for leadership development and how to reach them ~ Timothy J Keller, #NFDB
1465:The creative imitator looks at products or services from the viewpoint of the customer. IBM’s personal computer is practically indistinguishable from the Apple in its technical features, but IBM from the beginning offered the customer programs and software. Apple maintained traditional computer distribution through specialty stores. IBM—in a radical break with its own traditions—developed all kinds of distribution channels, specialty stores, major retailers like Sears, Roebuck, its own retail stores, and so on. It made it easy for the consumer to buy and it made it easy for the consumer to use the product. These, rather than hardware features, were the “innovations” that gave IBM the personal computer market. ~ Peter F Drucker, #NFDB
1466:He postulated that many neurons can combine into a coalition, becoming a single processing unit. The connection patterns of these units, which can change, make up the algorithms (which can also change with the changing connection patterns) that determine the brain’s response to a stimulus. From this idea came the mantra “Cells that fire together wire together.” According to this theory, learning has a biological basis in the “wiring” patterns of neurons. Hebb noted that the brain is active all the time, not just when stimulated; inputs from the outside can only modify that ongoing activity. Hebb’s proposal made sense to those designing artificial neural networks, and it was put to use in computer programs. ~ Michael S Gazzaniga, #NFDB
1467:Many banks do not advertise they are portfolio lenders and many people working at the bank may not even know what a portfolio lender is. If you are calling up a bank and they say they aren’t a portfolio lender, don’t give up! Ask to talk to a loan officer and ask specific questions about what type of investor programs they offer. Here are some good questions to ask; Do you loan to investors who already have four mortgages? Do you sell your loans or keep them in-house? Do you allow investors with four or more mortgages to do cash out refinance? What terms and loan programs do you offer investors? ARM, 15, 30 year fixed, balloon? What interest rates are you charging and what are the initial costs for your loans? What ~ Mark Ferguson, #NFDB
1468:contrast, provides a very weak feedback signal — when a strong signal is needed to curb habitual behavior. As Charles Duhigg, a reporter for The Times, notes in “The Power of Habit,” the rewards of a behavior — for example, driving fast without being caught or crashing — determine “how your brain decides whether to remember a habit for the future.” Speed cameras have also been shown to reduce crash and fatality rates. In 2009, Swedish researchers, looking at camera programs in Europe and Australia, found injury-causing crashes reduced by 16 percent, and fatal crashes cut by an estimated 39 percent. Research by the University of Minnesota, Public Policy Polling and others has found that a majority of people support speed ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1469:family structure that produces the best outcomes for children, on average, are two biological parents who remain married. Divorced parents produce the next-best outcomes. Whether the parents remarry or remain single while the children are growing up makes little difference. Never-married women produce the worst outcomes. All of these statements apply after controlling for the family’s socioeconomic status.14 I know of no other set of important findings that are as broadly accepted by social scientists who follow the technical literature, liberal as well as conservative, and yet are so resolutely ignored by network news programs, editorial writers for the major newspapers, and politicians of both major political parties. In ~ Charles Murray, #NFDB
1470:The candidates promised to cut taxes for those in the highest brackets, preserve Wall Street loopholes, tolerate the off-shoring of manufacturing jobs and profits, and downgrade or privatize middle-class entitlement programs, including Social Security. Free trade was barely debated. These positions faithfully reflected the agenda of the wealthy donors, but studies showed that they were increasingly out of step with the broad base of not just Democratic but also Republican voters, many of whom had been left behind economically and socially for decades, particularly acutely since the 2008 financial crash. Trump, who could afford to forgo the billionaires’ backing and ignore their policy priorities, saw the opening and seized it. ~ Jane Mayer, #NFDB
1471:The revolutionary movements of the left, which fought for a radical change of social conditions, had never directly touched this supreme political authority. They had challenged only the power of the bourgeoisie and its influence upon the state, and were therefore always ready to submit to government guidance in foreign affairs, where the interests of an assumedly unified nation were at stake. The numerous programs of the antisemitic groups, on the other hand, were, from the beginning, chiefly concerned with foreign affairs; their revolutionary impulse was directed against the government rather than a social class, and they actually aimed to destroy the political pattern of the nation-state by means of a party organization. ~ Hannah Arendt, #NFDB
1472:If a young person is surviving by trading sex for the thing they need, what useful purpose is served by criminalizing that activity? Doesn't everybody have the right to try and survive? it might cost more to create shelters or group homes, drug treatment programs, schools for emancipated minors, counseling services, medical care and job training. But such programs can salvage human lives that are otherwise going to be cut short or wasted.
If we can afford massive kiddy porn stings, why can't we afford to do this? Is it because, as a society,we obtain more pleasure out of trying to control young people, and punishing the minors who escape our control, than we would out of taking good care of kids who are in trouble? ~ Patrick Califia Rice,#NFDB
1473:When the culture of any organization mandates that it is more important to protect the reputation of a system and those in power than it is to protect the basic human dignity of the individuals who serve that system or who are served by that system, you can be certain that the shame is systemic, the money is driving ethics, and the accountability is all but dead. This is true in corporations, nonprofits, universities, governments, faith communities, schools, families, and sports programs. If you think back on any major scandal fueled by cover-ups, you’ll see this same pattern. And the restitution and resolution of cover-ups almost always happens in the wilderness—when one person steps outside their bunker and speaks their truth. ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
1474:However, brutal programs are avidly absorbed by children who have never been allowed to defend themselves against overt or subtle tormenting at home or who, for other reasons, can never articulate their feelings—for example, to spare a threatened parent. So they can satisfy their secret longings for revenge by identifying with what they see on TV. These children already carry within them the seeds of future destructiveness. Whether or not this destructiveness will erupt depends largely on whether life offers them more than violence: in other words, whether witnesses willing to rescue them cross their path. What is important to understand is that the child learns cruelty not by watching TV but always by suffering and repressing. ~ Alice Miller, #NFDB
1475:There is perhaps some hope to be derived from the fact that in most instances where an attempt to realize an ideal society gave birth to the ugliness and violence of a prolonged active mass movement the experiment was made on a vast scale and with a heterogeneous population. Such was the case in the rise of Christianity and Islam, and in the French, Russian and Nazi revolutions. The promising communal settlements in the small state of Israel and the successful programs of socialization in the small Scandinavian states indicate perhaps that when the attempt to realize an ideal society is undertaken by a small nation with a more or less homogeneous population it can proceed and succeed in an atmosphere which is neither hectic nor coercive. ~ Eric Hoffer, #NFDB
1476:unsubscribe from a few email lists each day. Description: Most email management programs (like Gmail, Outlook, and Hotmail) offer a search bar in their program that help you find messages according to the keywords that you enter. You can use this search bar to your advantage by entering one simple phrase: Unsubscribe. Simply fire up your email program, enter the word “unsubscribe” in the search bar, and then look at each of the messages that it brings up. Odds are, you don’t really need most of the automated messages that show up. So each day, you remove yourself from these lists by opening up a few of the top messages and getting off their lists. Do this habit regularly and you’ll see a dramatic decrease in the amount of daily junk email. ~ S J Scott, #NFDB
1477:It's easy, given the times we live in and the implicit messages we absorb each day, to equeate a good life with having a lot and doing a lot. So it's also easy to fall into believing that our children, if they are to succeed in life, need to be terrific at everything, and that it's up to us to make sure that they are-to keep them on track through tougher course loads, more activities, more competitive sports, more summer programs. But in all our well-intentioned efforts to do the right thing for our children, we may be failing to provide them with something that is truly essential-the time and space they need to wake up to themselves, to grow acquainted with their own innate gifts, to dream their dreams and discover their true natures. ~ Katrina Kenison, #NFDB
1478:Samuel Taylor Coleridge was right when he claimed, 'In politics, what begins in fear usually ends up in folly.' Political activists are more inclined, though, to heed an observation from Richard Nixon: 'People react to fear, not love. They don't teach that in Sunday school, but it's true.' That principle, which guided the late president's political strategy throughout his career, is the sine qua non of contemporary political campaigning. Marketers of products and services ranging from car alarms to TV news programs have taken it to heart as well.
The short answer to why Americans harbor so many misbegotten fears is that immense power and money await those who tap into our moral insecurities and supply us with symbolic substitutes. ~ Barry Glassner,#NFDB
1479:Currying favor with special interests at the expense of the public good is a way for politicians to fund their campaigns and secure their future for when they leave government. It has been firmly enshrined as the primary source of money for politics since the Sherman Act did away with patronage. So long as politicians are able to tap special interests for these purposes, they will find ways to reward them with public policy—and they will do whatever it takes to protect the programs they have already put in place. What reformers really need to do first is attack the way the business of politics is conducted, rather than focusing on the products of that business. Then, and only then , will the cancer of cronyism be removed from the body politic. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1480:In the modern computer, software has developed in such a way as to fill this role of go-between. On one end you have the so-called end user who wants to be able to order up a piece of long division, say, simply by supplying two numbers to the machine and ordering it to divide them. At the other end stands the actual computer, which for all its complexity is something of a brute. It can perform only several hundred basic operations, and long division may not be one of them. The machine may have to be instructed to perform a sequence of several of its basic operations in order to accomplish a piece of long division. Software—a series of what are known as programs—translates the end user’s wish into specific, functional commands for the machine. ~ Tracy Kidder, #NFDB
1481:Making that possible involved creating relationships with several partners who helped Medtronic accomplish customers’ jobs. “Through the assessment of Healthy Heart for All, Medtronic understood the need for partners in different stages of the patient care pathway who can be a strong support in removing the barriers to treatment access,” says Dasgupta. “In this case, partners with capabilities in financing, administration of loans, screening and counselling of patients played a major role. With programs like Healthy Heart for All, Medtronic is delivering greater value to patients, healthcare professionals and hospitals. And it is this value which brings true differentiation where product differentiation may not be easy to demonstrate. ~ Clayton M Christensen, #NFDB
1482:When prisons are privatized, issues of crime and justice are taken out of the realm of ethics or morality and placed squarely within the culture and logic of the free market. In doing so, the mission of rehabilitating or even punishing people is trumped by the market-driven goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. Further, market-based notions of “efficiency” prompt prisons to divest from everything but the crudest institutional resources. Healthful foods, mental health resources, and educational programs all become fiscal fat that must be trimmed by the prison in order to maximize the bottom line. In simple terms, we have created a world where there is profit in incarcerating as many individuals as possible for as little money as necessary. ~ Marc Lamont Hill, #NFDB
1483:A major challenge of this movement is to do the work that will create more humane, habitable environments for people in prison without bolstering the permanence of the prison system. How, then, do we accomplish this balancing act of passionately attending to the needs of prisoners- calling for less violent conditions, an end to state sexual assault, improved physical and mental health care, greater access to drug programs, better educational work opportunities, unionization of prison labor, more connections with families and communities, shorter or alternative sentencing- and at the same time call for alternatives to sentencing altogether, no more prison construction, and abolitionist strategies that question the place of prison in our future? ~ Angela Y Davis, #NFDB
1484:She flipped on the radio to get her own voice out of her head and replace it with whatever inanity was on the morning drive. People who host morning radio programs cannot believe how funny they are. She moved it to AM—did anyone listen to AM anymore?—and put on the all-news channel. There was comfort to the almost military precision and predictability. Sports on the quarter hour. Traffic every ten minutes. She was distracted, half listening at best, when a story caught her attention: “Notorious hacker Corey the Whistle has promised a treasure chest of new leaks this week that he claims will not only embarrass a leading official in the current administration but also will definitely lead to resignation and, most likely, prosecution . . .” Despite ~ Harlan Coben, #NFDB
1485:The immediate causes of feelings include (a) the background flow of life processes in our organisms, which are experienced as spontaneous or homeostatic feelings; (b) the emotive responses triggered by processing myriad sensory stimuli such as tastes, smells, tactile, auditory, and visual stimuli, the experience of which is one of the sources of qualia; and (c) the emotive responses resulting from engaging drives (such as hunger or thirst) or motivations (such as lust and play) or emotions, in the more conventional sense of the term, which are action programs activated by confrontation with numerous and sometimes complex situations; examples of emotions include joy, sadness, fear, anger, envy, jealousy, contempt, compassion, and admiration. ~ Ant nio R Dam sio, #NFDB
1486:Time Leak
For centuries
we have lain like this,
our warmths intermingled,
our hearts beating
the same two-step,
& our breaths
& our limbs
intertwined.
Life after life,
I return to flesh
to join my flesh
to your flesh.
Sometimes I am the woman
& you the man;
sometimes,
the other way around.
It hardly matters.
Flesh after flesh,
our spirits return
to mingle.
Death is no barrier
& life's noisy matinee
where the suburban ladies
cough & sputter
& their programs crackle like kindling
merely goes on & on.
They sit on their deaths
as if they were sitting
on fur coats,
while we touch
for the first time
remembering
the next.
~ Erica Jong,#NFDB
1487:You can tell if a discipline is BS if the degree depends severely on the prestige of the school granting it. I remember when I applied to MBA programs being told that anything outside the top ten or twenty would be a waste of time. On the other hand a degree in mathematics is much less dependent on the school (conditional on being above a certain level, so the heuristic would apply to the difference between top ten and top two thousand schools). The same applies to research papers. In math and physics, a result posted on the repository site arXiv (with a minimum hurdle) is fine. In low-quality fields like academic finance (where papers are usually some form of complicated storytelling), the “prestige” of the journal is the sole criterion. ~ Nassim Nicholas Taleb, #NFDB
1488:Education - continuing education, continually honing and expanding the mind - is vital mental renewal. Sometimes that involves the external discipline of the classroom or systematized study programs; more often it does not. Proactive people can figure out many, many ways to educate themselves.
It is extremely valuable to train the mind to stand apart and examine its own program. That, to me, is the definition of a liberal education - the ability to examine the programs of life against larger questions and purposes and other paradigms. Training, without such education, narrows and closes the mind so that the assumptions underlying the training are never examined. That's why it is so valuable to read broadly and to expose yourself to great minds. ~ Stephen R Covey,#NFDB
1489:Sadism dominates the culture. It runs like an electric current through reality television and trash-talk programs, is at the core of pornography, and fuels the compliant, corporate collective. Corporatism is about crushing the capacity for moral choice and diminishing the individual to force him or her into an ostensibly harmonious collective. This hypermasculinity has its logical fruition in Abu Ghraib, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and our lack of compassion for our homeless, our poor, the mentally ill, the unemployed, and the sick. ... We accept the system handed to us and seek to find a comfortable place within it. We retreat into the narrow, confined ghettos created for us and shut our eyes to the deadly superstructure of the corporate state. ~ Chris Hedges, #NFDB
1490:The diversity of the Twitter platform is no accident. It derives from a deliberate strategy that Dorsey, Williams, and Stone embraced from the outset: they built an emergent platform first, and then they built Twitter.com. An open platform in software is often called an API, which stands for application programming interface. An API is a kind of lingua franca that software applications can use reliably to communicate with each other, a set of standardized rules and definitions that allow programmers to build new tools on top of another platform, or to weave together information from multiple platforms. When Web users make geographic mashups using Google Maps, they write programs that communicate with Google’s geographic data using their mapping API. ~ Steven Johnson, #NFDB
1491:One of the great failings of the American education system, in our view, is that young people can graduate from university without any understanding of poverty at home or abroad. Study-abroad programs tend to consist of herds of students visiting Oxford or Florence or Paris. We believe that universities should make it a requirement that all graduates spend at least some time in the developing world, either by taking a "gap year" or by studying abroad. If more Americans worked for a summer teaching English at a school like Mukhtar's in Pakistan, or working at a hospital like HEAL Africa in Congo, our entire society would have a richer understanding of the world around us. And the rest of the world might also hold a more positive view of Americans. ~ Nicholas D Kristof, #NFDB
1492:Virgil returned to the Operator’s Station and entered a single command. Its effect was to draw together the reins of the eighteen sham programs, to lift out, as it were, all those long machine code sections and interleave them into one huge powerful program that seemed to coalesce out of nowhere, having already penetrated the Worm’s locks and defenses. This monster program, then, had calmly proceeded to wipe out all administrative memory and all student and academic software, and then to restructure the Operator to suit Virgil’s purposes. It all went—payroll records, library overdues, video-game programs. From the computer’s point of view, American Megaversity ceased to exist in the time it took for a micro-transistor to flip from one state to the other. ~ Neal Stephenson, #NFDB
1493:beneath. Our hopes, dreams, aspirations, fears, comic instincts, great ideas, fetishes, senses of humor, and desires all emerge from this strange organ—and when the brain changes, so do we. So although it’s easy to intuit that thoughts don’t have a physical basis, that they are something like feathers on the wind, they in fact depend directly on the integrity of the enigmatic, three-pound mission control center. The first thing we learn from studying our own circuitry is a simple lesson: most of what we do and think and feel is not under our conscious control. The vast jungles of neurons operate their own programs. The conscious you—the I that flickers to life when you wake up in the morning—is the smallest bit of what’s transpiring in your brain. Although ~ David Eagleman, #NFDB
1494:European languages and a Google app can now turn your words into a foreign language, either in text form or as an electronic voice. Skype, an internet-telephony service, said recently that it would offer much the same (in English and Spanish only). But claims that such technological marvels will spell the end of old-fashioned translation businesses are premature. Software can give the gist of a foreign tongue, but for business use (if executives are sensible), rough is not enough. And polyglot programs are a pinprick in a vast industry. The business of translation, interpreting and software localisation (revising websites, apps and the like for use in a foreign language) generates revenues of $37 billion a year, reckons Common Sense Advisory (CSA), a consulting firm. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
1495:American politicians had done little through the years to stem the flood. Hispanic voters wanted their kinsmen to be able to enter the United States regardless of their ability to contribute to the economy or pay their own bills, yet this wasn’t the decisive factor. Farmers and small-business men wanted a source of cheap labor, and were content to pass the true costs, the social costs, on to the taxpayers. Generous public welfare programs also drew millions of Mexicans, more than small business or agriculture could possibly use. Even draining off an eighth of the population didn’t really help Mexico, which found itself racked by turf wars between vicious criminal gangs that smuggled drugs into the United States to supply the richest narcotics market in the world. ~ Stephen Coonts, #NFDB
1496:I have little interest in streamlining government or in making it more efficient, for I mean to reduce its size. I do not undertake to promote welfare, for I propose to extend freedom. My aim is not to pass laws, but to repeal them. It is not to inaugurate new programs, but to cancel old ones that do violence to the Constitution, or that have failed their purpose, or that impose on the people an unwarranted financial burden. I will not attempt to discover whether legislation is "needed" before I have first determined whether it is constitutionally permissible. And if I should later be attacked for neglecting my constituents' "interests," I shall reply that I was informed that their main interest is liberty and that in that cause I am doing the very best I can. ~ Barry M Goldwater, #NFDB
1497:When you believe without knowing you believe that you are damaged at your core, you also believe that you need to hide that damage for anyone to love you. You walk around ashamed of being yourself. You try hard to make up for the way you look, walk, feel. Decisions are agonizing because if you, the person who makes the decision, is damaged, then how can you trust what you decide? You doubt your own impulses so you become masterful at looking outside yourself for comfort. You become an expert at finding experts and programs, at striving and trying hard and then harder to change yourself, but this process only reaffirms what you already believe about yourself -- that your needs and choices cannot be trusted, and left to your own devices you are out of control (p.82-83) ~ Geneen Roth, #NFDB
1498:An education, then, is a constellation of practices, rituals, and routines that inculcates a particular vision of the good life by inscribing or infusing that vision into the heart (the gut) by means of material, embodied practices. And this will be true even of the most instrumentalist, pragmatic programs of education (such as those that now tend to dominate public schools and universities bent on churning out “skilled workers”) that see their task primarily as providing information, because behind this is a vision of the good life that understands human flourishing primarily in terms of production and consumption. Behind the veneer of a “value-free” education concerned with providing skills, knowledge, and information is an educational vision that remains formative. ~ James K A Smith, #NFDB
1499:Equally worrying, and far less recognized, medicine has been slow to confront the very changes that it has been responsible for—or to apply the knowledge we have about how to make old age better. Although the elderly population is growing rapidly, the number of certified geriatricians the medical profession has put in practice has actually fallen in the United States by 25 percent between 1996 and 2010. Applications to training programs in adult primary care medicine have plummeted, while fields like plastic surgery and radiology receive applications in record numbers. Partly, this has to do with money—incomes in geriatrics and adult primary care are among the lowest in medicine. And partly, whether we admit it or not, a lot of doctors don’t like taking care of the elderly. ~ Atul Gawande, #NFDB
1500:And with the decline of the traditional manufacturing industries in recent years, it's getting worse, not better. As capital becomes more fluid and it becomes easier for corporations to move production to the Third World, why should they pay higher wages in Detroit when they can pay lower wages in Northern Mexico or the Philippines? And the result is, there's even more pressure on the poorer part of the population here. And what's in effect happened is they've been closed off into inner-city slums―where then all sorts of other pressures begin to attack them: drugs, gentrification, police repression, cutbacks in limited welfare programs, and so on. And all of these things contribute to creating a very authentic sense of hopelessness, and also to real anti-social behavior: crime. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
4 Integral Yoga
2 Psychology
1 Occultism
4 Satprem
3 The Mother
2 Jordan Peterson
3 The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
2 Maps of Meaning
0 1962-06-20, #Agenda Vol 03, #The Mother, #Integral Yoga
From this standpoint the standpoint of this body and its activities I am maintained in a state of utter indifference. Everything people want to do, all their programs and projects and so forth all that is far, far removed from me (gesture towards a distant shore); its all a distant blur. I dont even look at it. It only comes to me when someone tells me something (gesture of a thought floating momentarily by), and then it goes.
The body itself senses that it must learn to live in eternity.
0 1964-08-14, #Agenda Vol 05, #The Mother, #Integral Yoga
Last night, and maybe the night before, oh, you and I talked for a very, very long time about all sorts of subjects, and I became aware that there is a place, somewhere in the physical Mind, but very close to the earth, where people must almost inevitably go at night. There are sorts of big meeting rooms where people come and discuss all kinds of problems: they meet, work out programs and discuss problems. I dont know why, Ive been going there for the last two nights (I am afraid it is because of all those seminars and all that business where they play tape-recordings of me1), something pulls me there. And I am literally bombarded with questions by all those people (some I know, others I dont), and I start answering this one, answering that one, addressing a crowd, oh! When I wake up from it, I say to myself, Well, how silly can I be! Physically I am out of it all, but now I am doing it at night! This morning, I was thoroughly disgusted: I woke up delivering a speech, oh! There was a crowd, and people were asking me questionsseriously, very seriously!
But you were there, you are always there. So I wonder why you dont remember.
0 1967-04-15, #Agenda Vol 08, #The Mother, #Integral Yoga
Mother is referring to U Thant, secretary-general of the United Nations. U.N.O., April 10, 1967: "That a fraction of the amounts that are going to be spent in 1967 on arms could finance economic, social, national and world programs to an extent so far unimaginable is a notion within the grasp of the man in the street. Men, if they unite, are now capable of foreseeing and, to a certain point, determining the future of human development. This, however, is possible only if we stop fearing and harassing one another and if together we accept, welcome and prepare the changes that must inevitably take place. If this means a change in human nature, well, it is high time we worked for it; what must surely change is certain political attitudes and habits man has."
La Suisse, Geneva, April 10, 1967, translated from the French.
1.02 - MAPS OF MEANING - THREE LEVELS OF ANALYSIS, #Maps of Meaning, #Jordan Peterson, #Psychology
formulate plans and intentions, organize them into programs of action, and regulate their execution.93
The sensory unit,94 which comprises the posterior half of the neocortex (and which is composed of the
--
experimental search programs, drawn primarily from the reservoir of learned (imitated) and instinctual
behavior, or manifested as trial and error, involves behavioral alteration (exploration, play) and subsequent
1.05 - THE HOSTILE BROTHERS - ARCHETYPES OF RESPONSE TO THE UNKNOWN, #Maps of Meaning, #Jordan Peterson, #Psychology
and programs those historical essentials. Narrative provides semantic description of action in image, backtranslatable into imaginary episodic events, capable of eliciting imitative behavior. Mythic narrative offers
dramatic presentation of morality, which is the study of what should be. Such narrative concerns itself with
1.10 - The Revolutionary Yogi, #Sri Aurobindo or the Adventure of Consciousness, #Satprem, #Integral Yoga
With his younger brother, Barin, he began to organize guerrilla groups in Bengal under the cover of athletic or cultural programs; he even sent an emissary to Europe, at his own expense, to learn how to make bombs. When Sri Aurobindo declared, I am neither an impotent moralist nor a weak pacifist,107 he meant every word of it. He had studied enough French history, as well as the Italian and American revolutions, to know that sometimes armed revolt can be justified;
neither Joan of Arc nor Mazzini nor Washington were apostles of "nonviolence." In 1920, when Gandhi's son went to visit him in Pondicherry to discuss nonviolence, Sri Aurobindo answered with this simple, and still applicable, question: "What would you do if tomorrow the Northern Frontiers were overrun?" Twenty years later,
2.01 - Habit 1 Be Proactive, #The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, #Stephen Covey, #unset
But because of our unique human endowments, we can write new programs for ourselves totally apart from our instincts and training. This is why an animal's capacity is relatively limited and man's is unlimited. But if we live like animals, out of our own instincts and conditioning and conditions, out of our collective memory, we too will be limited.
The deterministic paradigm comes primarily from the study of animals -- rats, monkeys, pigeons, dogs -- and neurotic and psychotic people. While this may meet certain criteria of some researchers because it seems measurable and predictable, the history of mankind and our own self-awareness tell us that this map doesn't describe the territory at all!
2.02 - Habit 2 Begin with the End in Mind, #The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, #Stephen Covey, #unset
The managers are behind them, sharpening their machetes, writing policy and procedure manuals, holding muscle development programs, bringing in improved technologies, and setting up working schedules and compensation programs for machete wielders.
The leader is the one who climbs the tallest tree, surveys the entire situation, and yells, "Wrong jungle!"
--
Because the church is a formal organization made up of policies, programs, practices, and people, it cannot by itself give a person any deep, permanent security or sense of intrinsic worth. Living the principles taught by the church can do this, but the organization alone cannot.
Nor can the church give a person a constant sense of guidance. Church-centered people often tend to live in compartments, acting and thinking and feeling in certain ways on the Sabbath and in totally different ways on weekdays. Such a lack of wholeness or unity or integrity is a further threat to security, creating the need for increased labeling and self-justifying.
2.05 - Habit 3 Put First Things First, #The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, #Stephen Covey, #unset
As a result, many people have become turned off by time management programs and planners that make them feel too scheduled, too restricted, and they "throw the baby out with the bath water," reverting to first- or second-generation techniques to preserve relationships, to meet human needs, and to enjoy spontaneous moments on a daily basis.
But there is an emerging fourth generation that is different in kind. It recognizes that "time management" is really a misnomer -- the challenge is not to manage time, but to manage ourselves.
LUX.03 - INVOCATION, #Liber Null, #Peter J Carroll, #Occultism
The actual method of invocation may be described as a total immersion in the qualities pertaining to the desired form. One invokes in every conceivable way. The magician first programs
Example Invocation of the War God
--- Overview of noun program
The noun program has 8 senses (first 4 from tagged texts)
1. (106) plan, program, programme ::: (a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue")
2. (36) program, programme ::: (a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need; "he proposed an elaborate program of public works"; "working mothers rely on the day care program")
3. (5) broadcast, program, programme ::: (a radio or television show; "did you see his program last night?")
4. (3) platform, political platform, political program, program ::: (a document stating the aims and principles of a political party; "their candidate simply ignored the party platform"; "they won the election even though they offered no positive program")
5. program, programme ::: (an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event; "you can't tell the players without a program")
6. course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus ::: (an integrated course of academic studies; "he was admitted to a new program at the university")
7. program, programme, computer program, computer programme ::: ((computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; "the program required several hundred lines of code")
8. program, programme ::: (a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation; "the program lasted more than two hours")
--- Overview of verb program
The verb program has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (4) program, programme ::: (arrange a program of or for; "program the 80th birthday party")
2. (3) program, programme ::: (write a computer program)
--- Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by Estimated Frequency) of noun program
8 senses of program
Sense 1
plan, program, programme
=> idea, thought
=> content, cognitive content, mental object
=> cognition, knowledge, noesis
=> psychological feature
=> abstraction, abstract entity
=> entity
Sense 2
program, programme
=> system, system of rules
=> method
=> know-how
=> ability, power
=> cognition, knowledge, noesis
=> psychological feature
=> abstraction, abstract entity
=> entity
Sense 3
broadcast, program, programme
=> show
=> social event
=> event
=> psychological feature
=> abstraction, abstract entity
=> entity
Sense 4
platform, political platform, political program, program
=> document, written document, papers
=> writing, written material, piece of writing
=> written communication, written language, black and white
=> communication
=> abstraction, abstract entity
=> entity
Sense 5
program, programme
=> announcement, promulgation
=> statement
=> message, content, subject matter, substance
=> communication
=> abstraction, abstract entity
=> entity
Sense 6
course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus
=> information, info
=> message, content, subject matter, substance
=> communication
=> abstraction, abstract entity
=> entity
Sense 7
program, programme, computer program, computer programme
=> software, software program, computer software, software system, software package, package
=> code, computer code
=> coding system
=> writing
=> written communication, written language, black and white
=> communication
=> abstraction, abstract entity
=> entity
Sense 8
program, programme
=> performance
=> presentation, presentment, demonstration
=> show
=> entertainment, amusement
=> diversion, recreation
=> activity
=> act, deed, human action, human activity
=> event
=> psychological feature
=> abstraction, abstract entity
=> entity
--- Hyponyms of noun program
7 of 8 senses of program
Sense 1
plan, program, programme
=> audit program, audit programme
=> outline, schema, scheme
=> master plan
=> blueprint, design, pattern
=> plan of action
=> regimen, regime
=> project, projection
=> agenda, docket, schedule
=> pension plan, pension account, retirement plan, retirement savings plan, retirement savings account, retirement account, retirement program
=> employee savings plan
=> road map, guideline
=> stock purchase plan
=> budget
Sense 2
program, programme
=> defense program, defense policy, defence program, defence policy
=> educational program
=> rehabilitation program
=> space program
=> Superfund program, Superfund
=> tax program, tax policy
=> works program
Sense 3
broadcast, program, programme
=> news program, news show, news
=> rerun
=> talk show, chat show
=> television program, TV program, television show, TV show
=> game show, giveaway
=> serial, series
=> episode, installment, instalment
=> sustaining program
Sense 5
program, programme
=> playbill
=> racecard
Sense 6
course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus
=> crash course, crash program, crash programme
=> reading program
=> degree program
Sense 7
program, programme, computer program, computer programme
=> anti-virus program
=> application, application program, applications programme
=> binary, binary program
=> loop
=> malevolent program
=> patch
=> assembler, assembly program
=> checking program
=> compiler, compiling program
=> debugger
=> interface, user interface
=> interpreter, interpretive program
=> job control
=> library program
=> monitor program, monitoring program
=> object program, target program
=> source program
=> parser
=> tagger, tagging program
=> relocatable program
=> reusable program
=> Web Map Service, Web Map Server
=> search engine
=> self-adapting program
=> spider, wanderer
=> spreadsheet
=> stored program
=> supervisory program, supervisor, executive program
=> syntax checker
=> system program, systems program, systems software
=> text-matching
=> translator, translating program
=> utility program, utility, service program
=> LISP program
=> FORTRAN program
=> C program
Sense 8
program, programme
=> bill
--- Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by Estimated Frequency) of noun program
8 senses of program
Sense 1
plan, program, programme
=> idea, thought
Sense 2
program, programme
=> system, system of rules
Sense 3
broadcast, program, programme
=> show
Sense 4
platform, political platform, political program, program
=> document, written document, papers
Sense 5
program, programme
=> announcement, promulgation
Sense 6
course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus
=> information, info
Sense 7
program, programme, computer program, computer programme
=> software, software program, computer software, software system, software package, package
Sense 8
program, programme
=> performance
--- Coordinate Terms (sisters) of noun program
8 senses of program
Sense 1
plan, program, programme
-> idea, thought
=> inspiration
=> cogitation
=> concept, conception, construct
=> preoccupation
=> misconception
=> plan, program, programme
=> figment
=> generalization, generalisation, generality
=> suggestion
=> impression, feeling, belief, notion, opinion
=> reaction
=> theorem
=> notion, whim, whimsy, whimsey
=> meaning, substance
=> burden
=> theme, motif
=> ideal
=> idealization, idealisation
=> keynote
=> kink
Sense 2
program, programme
-> system, system of rules
=> accounting
=> discipline
=> frame of reference, frame
=> gambling system
=> government
=> honor system
=> logic, logical system, system of logic
=> merit system
=> point system
=> spoils system
=> organon
=> program, programme
=> theosophy
=> anthroposophy
=> logic
=> theology, theological system
=> ethic, ethical code
Sense 3
broadcast, program, programme
-> show
=> stage dancing, choreography
=> movie, film, picture, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show, picture show, pic, flick
=> attraction
=> broadcast, program, programme
=> performance, public presentation
=> burlesque
=> play
=> galanty show, shadow show, shadow play
=> puppet show, puppet play
=> variety show, variety
Sense 4
platform, political platform, political program, program
-> document, written document, papers
=> ballot
=> brevet
=> capitulation
=> certificate, certification, credential, credentials
=> charter
=> commercial document, commercial instrument
=> confession
=> copyright, right of first publication
=> enclosure, inclosure
=> form
=> legal document, legal instrument, official document, instrument
=> papyrus
=> patent, patent of invention
=> platform, political platform, political program, program
=> resignation
=> resolution, declaration, resolve
=> source
=> specification
=> voucher
=> report, study, written report
Sense 5
program, programme
-> announcement, promulgation
=> advisory
HAS INSTANCE=> Annunciation
=> banns
=> handout, press release, release
=> notice
=> program, programme
=> wanted notice, wanted poster
Sense 6
course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus
-> information, info
=> ammunition
=> factoid
=> misinformation
=> material
=> details, inside information
=> fact
=> format, formatting, data format, data formatting
=> gen
=> database
=> news, intelligence, tidings, word
=> news
=> nuts and bolts
=> intelligence, intelligence information
=> confirmation
=> insider information
=> secret, arcanum
=> secret
=> propaganda
=> course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus
=> news
=> evidence
=> readout, read-out
=> tabulation, tabular matter
=> skinny
=> stuff
=> report card, report
Sense 7
program, programme, computer program, computer programme
-> software, software program, computer software, software system, software package, package
=> alpha software
=> authoring language
=> beta software
=> compatible software
=> compatible software
=> computer-aided design, CAD
=> freeware
=> groupware
=> operating system, OS
=> program, programme, computer program, computer programme
=> routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure, function
=> shareware
=> shrink-wrapped software
=> spyware
=> supervisory software
=> software documentation, documentation
=> database management system, DBMS
=> upgrade
Sense 8
program, programme
-> performance
=> dramatic production, dramatic performance
=> encore
=> extemporization, extemporisation, improvisation
=> juggle, juggling
=> magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration, thaumaturgy, illusion, deception
=> musical performance
=> one-night stand
=> rendition, rendering, interpretation
=> swan song, last hurrah
=> program, programme
--- Grep of noun program
academic program
algorithmic program
anti-virus program
apollo program
application program
assembly program
audit program
binary program
c program
checking program
compiling program
computer program
crash program
defence program
defense program
degree program
diagnostic program
editor program
educational program
european recovery program
executive program
fortran program
gemini program
heuristic program
incentive program
input program
interpretive program
library program
lisp program
malevolent program
mercury program
monitor program
monitoring program
news program
object program
output program
pilot program
political program
preemployment training program
program
program library
program line
program music
program trading
programing
programing language
programma
programme
programme music
programmed cell death
programmer
programming
programming error
programming language
quiz program
reading program
rehabilitation program
relocatable program
retirement program
reusable program
self-adapting program
service program
snapshot program
software program
sort program
sorting program
source program
space program
stored program
subprogram
superfund program
supervisory program
sustaining program
system program
systems program
tagging program
target program
tax program
television program
trace program
training program
translating program
tv program
utility program
vocational program
vocational rehabilitation program
water program
work-study program
works program
Wikipedia - 0-0-1-3 -- Alcohol abuse prevention program
Wikipedia - 1000 Ways to Lie -- American television special program
Wikipedia - 10 News First -- News and current affairs program by Network 10 in Australia
Wikipedia - 14-18 NOW -- UK's arts programme for the First World War centenary
Wikipedia - 1930 International University Games -- Thirty nations competed in a programme of eight sports
Wikipedia - 1A (radio program) -- American radio talk show
Wikipedia - 1C:Enterprise programming language
Wikipedia - 20/20 (American TV program) -- American television newsmagazine
Wikipedia - 24/7 (American TV program) -- American reality television program
Wikipedia - 24 Horas (Mexican TV program) -- Mexican television newscast (1970-1998)
Wikipedia - 24 Hours of Foo -- US television program
Wikipedia - 24Hours -- Canadian local television news program
Wikipedia - 3-2 engineering -- Type of engineering degree program
Wikipedia - 4 Wheeled Restaurant -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - 5th Ward The Series -- US television program
Wikipedia - 60 Minutes -- American television newsmagazine program
Wikipedia - 70th Primetime Emmy Awards -- Award ceremony for 2017-2018 U.S. television programming
Wikipedia - 72nd Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards -- 2020 American television programming awards
Wikipedia - 72nd Primetime Emmy Awards -- 2020 American television programming awards
Wikipedia - 7 Most Endangered Programme -- Programme to protect endangered monuments and sites in Europe
Wikipedia - 92 KQRS Morning Show -- American radio program
Wikipedia - 99% Invisible -- Radio program about design
Wikipedia - A-0 programming language
Wikipedia - A-0 System -- Programming language
Wikipedia - A-A-P -- Computer program
Wikipedia - Aaron Iba -- American computer programmer and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Abas Basir -- Minister of higher education, Former Director-General of the South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme
Wikipedia - ABC Kids (TV programming block) -- Children's block of animated television series and live-action children's television series
Wikipedia - ABC (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - ABC World News Tonight -- American television news program
Wikipedia - Abductive Logic Programming
Wikipedia - Abductive logic programming
Wikipedia - Abstraction principle (programming)
Wikipedia - Academy of Finance -- Finance-based high school education program sponsored by the National Academy Foundation
Wikipedia - Access Hollywood -- American entertainment news program
Wikipedia - Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs -- Educational accreditation organization
Wikipedia - ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest
Wikipedia - ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award
Wikipedia - ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems
Wikipedia - ActionScript -- object-oriented programming language
Wikipedia - Actor (programming language)
Wikipedia - Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University -- Graduate program for the theater arts
Wikipedia - A Current Affair (American TV program) -- American television newsmagazine program (1986-1996, 2005)
Wikipedia - A Current Affair (Australian TV program) -- Australian current affairs TV show
Wikipedia - Adam Kennedy (programmer)
Wikipedia - Adam Leventhal (programmer)
Wikipedia - Ada programming language
Wikipedia - Ada (programming language) -- High-level programming language first released in 1980
Wikipedia - Address programming language
Wikipedia - Adele Goldstine -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Administration for Native Americans -- United States program office
Wikipedia - Adriaan de Groot (software developer) -- Dutch computer programmer
Wikipedia - Adult chat (television) -- Genre of television programming
Wikipedia - Adult Swim (Australian TV programming block) -- Australian television programming block
Wikipedia - Adult Swim -- American nighttime programming block on Cartoon Network
Wikipedia - Advanced Placement -- American program with college-level classes offered to high school students
Wikipedia - Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
Wikipedia - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment
Wikipedia - Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment
Wikipedia - Advanced Simulation and Computing Program
Wikipedia - Adventure Capitalists -- US television program
Wikipedia - Advice in aspect-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Advice (programming)
Wikipedia - AEW Dark -- All Elite Wrestling web television program
Wikipedia - AFL on NBC -- TV program
Wikipedia - Afropop Worldwide -- American public radio program
Wikipedia - After-school program
Wikipedia - After School Satan -- An after school program project created as an alternative to Christian-based after school groups.
Wikipedia - Agda (programming language) -- Functional programming language
Wikipedia - Agenda with Cito Beltran -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - AgentCubes -- Educational programming language
Wikipedia - Agent-oriented programming -- Programming paradigm
Wikipedia - Aggabai Sasubai -- Marathi-language television program
Wikipedia - Agora (programming language)
Wikipedia - Agora programming language
Wikipedia - Agricultural Conservation Program -- Conservation incentive program
Wikipedia - Aha! (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - AIDA interactive educational freeware diabetes simulator -- medical simulation computer program
Wikipedia - AI effect -- When onlookers discount the behavior of an artificial intelligence program by arguing that it is not real intelligence
Wikipedia - Aiman (TV program) -- Investigation news program
Wikipedia - Air Force Officer Training School -- US Air Force Officer commissioning program based at Maxwell AFB, AL
Wikipedia - Airline Control Program
Wikipedia - Air Miles -- Miles-based loyalty program
Wikipedia - Ajax (programming) -- Group of interrelated Web development techniques
Wikipedia - Aktion T4 -- Nazi German euthanasia programme with 275,000-300,000 victims
Wikipedia - Alabama Champion Tree Program -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Alamat (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Alan Cooper -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Alan Cox -- British computer programmer
Wikipedia - Alef (programming language)
Wikipedia - ALEKS -- Online tutoring and assessment program
Wikipedia - Alexander Repenning -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Algebraic Logic Functional (programming language)
Wikipedia - Algebraic Logic Functional programming language
Wikipedia - Algoid (programming language)
Wikipedia - ALGOL 60 -- Programming language
Wikipedia - ALGOL 68 -- Programming language
Wikipedia - ALGOL programming language
Wikipedia - ALGOL -- Family of programming languages
Wikipedia - Alice (programming language)
Wikipedia - Alien Mom, Alien Dad -- 2018 South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Alison Mary Smith -- Professor and Programme Leader in Metabolic Biology
Wikipedia - Alistair Cockburn -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - All-America City Award -- Community recognition program in the United States given by the National Civic League
Wikipedia - Alliance Francaise French Film Festival -- 2019 alliance french film festival brisbane program
Wikipedia - All Night Nippon -- Japanese radio program
Wikipedia - All Over the Place (TV programme) -- British television series
Wikipedia - All Things Considered -- News program on the American network National Public Radio (NPR)
Wikipedia - Almaz -- Soviet military space station program
Wikipedia - Alphabetical list of programming languages
Wikipedia - AlphaFold -- Artificial Intelligence (AI) program
Wikipedia - Alpha (programming language)
Wikipedia - Alphard (programming language)
Wikipedia - Amanda Steinberg -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Amanpour & Company -- American global affairs interview television program hosted by Christiane Amanpour on PBS
Wikipedia - Amanpour -- Global affairs interview television program hosted by [[British-Iranian]] journalist Christiane Amanpour on CNN
Wikipedia - A Manufacturing Language -- general-purpose programming language
Wikipedia - America in The Morning -- American syndicated radio news program
Wikipedia - American Academy of Underwater Sciences -- Organization responsible for standards for American scientific diving certification and operation of scientific diving programs
Wikipedia - American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education -- Nonprofitable national alliance of education programs
Wikipedia - American Board for Certification of Teacher Excellence -- Program to certify subject experts as teachers
Wikipedia - American Chopper -- American reality television program
Wikipedia - American Gladiators (1989 TV series) -- Television program
Wikipedia - American Programmer
Wikipedia - American Public Media -- American public radio program producer and distributor
Wikipedia - American Red Cross Clubmobile Service -- WWII morale-building program
Wikipedia - American Spaces -- American public diplomacy program
Wikipedia - American Sports Cavalcade -- American motorsports television program
Wikipedia - American Urban Radio Networks -- Radio network providing programming for African American audiences
Wikipedia - America's Funniest Home Videos -- American reality television program
Wikipedia - America's Most Wanted -- Television program
Wikipedia - America Tonight -- Al Jazeera America news program
Wikipedia - AmeriCorps -- Program of the U.S. federal government engaging adults in intensive community service
Wikipedia - Amir Taaki -- British-Iranian anarchist revolutionary, hacktivist, and programmer
Wikipedia - Among Nonbelievers -- 2015 television programme
Wikipedia - AMOS (programming language)
Wikipedia - AMPL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Amtrak Standard Stations Program -- Train station design effort by Amtrak
Wikipedia - Andre the Giant (film) -- 2018 television programme
Wikipedia - Andrew Bradfield -- New Zealand computer programmer
Wikipedia - Andrew Fluegelman -- American publisher, photographer and programmer
Wikipedia - Andrew Koenig (programmer) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Andrew Morton (computer programmer)
Wikipedia - Andrew Plotkin -- Interactive fiction programmer and writer
Wikipedia - Andrew Stone (computer programmer) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Andy Hunt (author) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Anil Johnson -- Indian keyboard programmer and composer
Wikipedia - Anime Network -- Group of anime television programming services
Wikipedia - Anne Westfall -- American game programmer and software developer
Wikipedia - Ann Hardy -- American computer programmer, pioneer of computer time-sharing systems
Wikipedia - ANSI C -- Standards for the C programming language.
Wikipedia - Answer set programming
Wikipedia - Antiques Roadshow (American TV program) -- American television program
Wikipedia - Anti-virus program
Wikipedia - AOL Community Leader Program
Wikipedia - Apache Groovy -- Programming language
Wikipedia - AP Computer Science Principles -- AP high school course in procedural programming and computer science concepts
Wikipedia - AP English Language and Composition -- College level English class offered to high school students as part of the AP programs
Wikipedia - APL programming language
Wikipedia - APL (programming language) -- Functional, symbolic programming language for operating on multidimensional arrays
Wikipedia - APL syntax and symbols -- Used specifically to write programs in the APL programming language
Wikipedia - Apollo 10 -- 4th crewed mission of the Apollo space program
Wikipedia - Apollo 1 -- Failed mission in the United States Apollo space program
Wikipedia - Apollo 7 -- First crewed mission of the Apollo space program
Wikipedia - Apollo 9 -- 3rd crewed mission of the Apollo space program
Wikipedia - Apollo Lunar Module -- Lander used in the Apollo program
Wikipedia - Apollo program
Wikipedia - Apollo space program
Wikipedia - Apoptosis -- Programmed cell death in multicellular organisms
Wikipedia - Apple certification programs
Wikipedia - Apple Music Up Next -- Monthly promotion program and web series
Wikipedia - Application binary interface -- Binary interface between two program units
Wikipedia - Application lifecycle management -- Product management of computer programs throughout their development lifecycles
Wikipedia - Application program interface
Wikipedia - Application Programming Interface for Windows
Wikipedia - Application programming interfaces
Wikipedia - Application Programming Interface
Wikipedia - Application programming interface
Wikipedia - Applicative programming language
Wikipedia - A+ (programming language)
Wikipedia - APT (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - ArcGIS Pro -- Main component of geospatial processing programs suite
Wikipedia - ArcMap -- Main component of geospatial processing programs suite
Wikipedia - Arc (programming language)
Wikipedia - Area Redevelopment Administration -- American rural poverty program (1963-1965)
Wikipedia - Ares I -- Canceled NASA rocket key to the Constellation program
Wikipedia - Arfa Karim -- Pakistani computer programmer
Wikipedia - Argo (oceanography) -- International oceanographic observation program
Wikipedia - Argus (programming language)
Wikipedia - Arithmetic shift -- Shift operator in computer programming
Wikipedia - Arkansas Champion Tree Program -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Arkansas Razorbacks women's soccer -- Women's soccer program representing the University of Arkansas
Wikipedia - Army Specialized Training Program
Wikipedia - Array programming language
Wikipedia - Array programming
Wikipedia - ARS++ -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Artemis 1 -- Planned test flight of Orion spacecraft and initial flight of the Space Launch System for Artemis program
Wikipedia - Artemis 2 -- Second orbital flight of the Artemis program
Wikipedia - Artemis 3 -- Third orbital flight of the Artemis program
Wikipedia - Artemis program
Wikipedia - Art in Public Places -- Public art programs
Wikipedia - ASAP (Philippine TV program) -- Filipino variety show
Wikipedia - Asemane shab -- Iranian television program
Wikipedia - A Sharp (.NET) -- Programming language port
Wikipedia - Asia Miles -- Loyalty program of Cathay Pacific
Wikipedia - ASIC programming language
Wikipedia - Aspect (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Aspect-oriented programming -- Programming paradigm
Wikipedia - Assembler (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Assert.h -- Header file in the standard library of the C programming language
Wikipedia - Assertion (programming)
Wikipedia - Assertion (software development) -- In computer programming, statement that a predicate is always true at that point in code execution
Wikipedia - Assignment (programming)
Wikipedia - Association for Logic Programming
Wikipedia - Association (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Association of Writers & Writing Programs -- Nonprofit literary organization
Wikipedia - Associative containers -- Group of class templates in the standard library of the C++ programming language that implement ordered associative arrays: std::set, std::map, std::multiset, std::multimap
Wikipedia - Assured Income for the Severely Handicapped -- a social welfare program for adult Albertans with severe disabilities
Wikipedia - Aswat (TV program) -- Emirati television program
Wikipedia - Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics - Men's marathon -- Special race invented as part of the Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme
Wikipedia - Atlantic Meridional Transect -- A multi-decadal oceanographic programme that undertakes biological, chemical and physical research during annual voyages between the UK and destinations in the South Atlantic
Wikipedia - Atlas Autocode -- 1960s computer programming language
Wikipedia - Atomicity (programming)
Wikipedia - ATS (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - At the Movies (1986 TV program) -- Movie review television program
Wikipedia - Attribute-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Audio Units -- Application programming interface for audio software in Apple's macOS and iOS
Wikipedia - Audrey Bates (programmer) -- British-American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Audrey Tang -- Taiwanese software programmer (born 1981)
Wikipedia - Austin City Limits -- American television music program
Wikipedia - Australia and the Empire Air Training Scheme -- Program to train Australian pilots during World War II
Wikipedia - Autodesk 123D -- Hobbyist CAD and 3D modeling program suite
Wikipedia - Automata-based programming
Wikipedia - Automatic programming
Wikipedia - Automatic taxonomy construction -- The use of software programs to generate taxonomical classifications from a body of texts
Wikipedia - Avast Antivirus -- Antivirus computer program
Wikipedia - Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) -- Aviation Safety Action Program
Wikipedia - A Voz do Brasil -- Brazilian governmental radio program
Wikipedia - AWK (programming language)
Wikipedia - AWK programming language
Wikipedia - AWK -- data-driven programming language made by Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger and Brian Kernighan
Wikipedia - Axum (programming language) -- Domain specific concurrent programming language originally developed by Microsoft
Wikipedia - Ayushman Bharat Yojana -- Health programme in India
Wikipedia - Aza Raskin -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Babbage (programming language)
Wikipedia - Babel program
Wikipedia - Bachelor of Science in Information Technology -- Bachelor's degree program
Wikipedia - Back Orifice 2000 -- Computer program for remote administration
Wikipedia - Back Orifice -- Computer program for remote system administration
Wikipedia - Back to Field -- Chinese television program
Wikipedia - BadgerCare -- Wisconsin public low-income healthcare coverage program
Wikipedia - Baek Jong-won's Alley Restaurant -- South Korean cooking-variety program
Wikipedia - Baek Jong-won's Top 3 Chef King -- 2015 South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Baikal (rocket booster) -- Rocket booster mainly used on Buran programme
Wikipedia - Balaji Telefilms -- Indian company which produces soap operas, reality TV show, comedy, game shows, entertainment and factual programming
Wikipedia - Balitaan (2016 TV program) -- Philippine noontime newscast
Wikipedia - Ballerina (programming language)
Wikipedia - Ballistic Trajectory Extended Range Munition -- Failed US Navy development program
Wikipedia - Barbados Defence Force Sports Program -- Sporting arm of the Barbados Defence Force
Wikipedia - Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
Wikipedia - BASIC (programming language)
Wikipedia - BASIC programming language
Wikipedia - BASIC Programming
Wikipedia - BASIC -- Family of programming languages
Wikipedia - Basil Brush -- Fox puppet from UK children's TV programme
Wikipedia - Batch programming language
Wikipedia - Battlestar Galactica: The Resistance -- Television program
Wikipedia - Battle Trip -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Bayesian programming
Wikipedia - BBC-3 (TV series) -- BBC television programme
Wikipedia - BBC Allied Expeditionary Forces Programme -- Former British radio station during and shortly after World War II
Wikipedia - BBC Breakfast -- Breakfast television programme on BBC One and BBC News channels in the United Kingdom
Wikipedia - BBC Forces Programme -- BBC radio station during World War II
Wikipedia - BBC General Forces Programme -- BBC radio station during and shortly after World War II
Wikipedia - BBC Light Programme -- Former BBC radio station
Wikipedia - BBC National Programme -- British radio broadcasting service
Wikipedia - BBC News at Five -- Hour-long daily news programme broadcast at 17:00 on BBC News
Wikipedia - BBC News at Nine -- daily news programme on BBC News
Wikipedia - BBC News with Katty and Christian -- British television programme
Wikipedia - BBC Nine O'Clock News -- BBC News program
Wikipedia - BBC Programme Catalogue -- Online archive of the entire BBC back catalogue of TV and radio programmes
Wikipedia - BBC Regional Programme -- Former British radio station
Wikipedia - BBC Third Programme -- British national radio service
Wikipedia - BCPL -- Multi-paradigm computer programming language
Wikipedia - Bc (programming language)
Wikipedia - Beat-Club -- German music television program
Wikipedia - Beatnik (programming language)
Wikipedia - Beat the Geeks -- US television program
Wikipedia - Behind the Wall: Bubba Wallace -- US television program
Wikipedia - Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program
Wikipedia - Being Human (British series 5) -- Fifth series of 2008 British supernatural drama programme
Wikipedia - Bellman equation -- A necessary condition for optimality associated with dynamic programming
Wikipedia - Ben Chiu -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Ben Delo -- British billionaire mathematician and programmer
Wikipedia - Ben's Bells -- Tucson, Arizona-originated program
Wikipedia - Berkeley Yacc -- Unix program for parser generation
Wikipedia - BeSeatSmart Child Passenger Safety Program -- Vermont child passenger safety program
Wikipedia - BETA (programming language)
Wikipedia - BETA programming language
Wikipedia - BET Awards 2020 -- 2020 American television program
Wikipedia - Betty Holberton -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Beyond the Tank -- US television program
Wikipedia - Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) -- Indian Tamil-language version of the reality TV programme Bigg Boss
Wikipedia - Big Joe 1 -- Uncrewed boilerplate Mercury program capsule
Wikipedia - Biju Swastya Kalyan Yojana -- Universal health care program in Odisha, India
Wikipedia - Bill Gosper -- American mathematician and programmer
Wikipedia - Bill Nye the Science Guy -- American science education television program
Wikipedia - Bill Stewart (programmer) -- American software developer
Wikipedia - Bill Wagner (software) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Bill Zeller -- American computer programmer (1983-2011)
Wikipedia - Biography (TV program) -- Documentary television series owned by A&E Networks
Wikipedia - BIOPAN -- ESA research program investigating the effects of space environment on biological material
Wikipedia - Biosatellite program -- Series of 3 NASA satellites to assess the effects of spaceflight on living organisms
Wikipedia - BirdNote -- Radio program
Wikipedia - Birds-1 -- First iteration of a multinational program to help countries build their first satellite
Wikipedia - Birds-2 -- Second iteration of a multinational program to help countries build their first satellite
Wikipedia - Bit field -- Data structure used in computer programming
Wikipedia - Bjorn Michaelsen -- German programmer
Wikipedia - Black Earth Rising -- 2018 television programme
Wikipedia - Black Hood (radio) -- Radio program
Wikipedia - Blackout (broadcasting) -- Non-airing of programming (typically sports-related) in a certain media market
Wikipedia - Blaine Cook (programmer) -- Canadian software engineer
Wikipedia - Block (programming)
Wikipedia - Block programming -- Form of programming where programs of a particular genre or similar are grouped together
Wikipedia - Blue Peter badge -- Award given by the TV program Blue Peter
Wikipedia - Blue Peter -- British children's television programme
Wikipedia - BNR Prolog -- constraint logic programming language
Wikipedia - Boarding Pass (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Boids -- Artificial life program, developed by Craig Reynolds in 1986, which simulates the flocking behaviour of birds
Wikipedia - Bolivarian missions -- Venezuelan social programs enacted by Hugo Chavez and Nicolas Maduro
Wikipedia - Bom Dia Brasil -- Brazilian breakfast TV programme
Wikipedia - Bookmarking (genetic) -- Mechanism of transmission of gene expression programs through cell division.
Wikipedia - Bookmarks (TV program) -- American streaming television series
Wikipedia - Books for the Blind -- United States program that provides audiobooks to the visually impaired
Wikipedia - Boo (programming language)
Wikipedia - Born to Be Wild (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Bosque (programming language)
Wikipedia - Botan (programming library)
Wikipedia - Bottle episode -- Form of television program
Wikipedia - Boulton & Co -- Former afternoon television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Box (company) -- Cloud content management program
Wikipedia - Boys/Girls State -- Summer leadership and citizenship programs sponsored by The American Legion and the American Legion Auxiliary for high school juniors
Wikipedia - B (programming language)
Wikipedia - B programming language
Wikipedia - Brad Fitzpatrick -- American programmer and creator of LiveJournal
Wikipedia - Brain-fficial -- South Korean web television program on History Korea
Wikipedia - Brainfuck -- Esoteric, minimalist programming language
Wikipedia - Brain Gym International -- Brain training and body movement programme
Wikipedia - Bram Cohen -- American programmer and author of the BitTorrent protocol
Wikipedia - Bram Moolenaar -- Dutch computer programmer
Wikipedia - Branch table -- Method of transferring program control to another part of a program
Wikipedia - Brantley Coile -- American businessman and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Brave New Waves -- Canadian radio program
Wikipedia - Breakfast (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine TV program
Wikipedia - Breakfast Time (British TV programme) -- Television series
Wikipedia - Brendan Eich -- American computer programmer and technologist
Wikipedia - Brendan Iribe -- American game programmer and founder
Wikipedia - Brendan Q. Ferguson -- American computer game designer, writer, programmer
Wikipedia - Bret Taylor -- American computer programmer and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Brian Acton -- American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur, co-founder of WhatsApp
Wikipedia - Brian Behlendorf -- American computer programmer and executive
Wikipedia - Brian d foy -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Brian Eddy -- American game designer and programmer
Wikipedia - Brian Fox (computer programmer) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Brianna Wu -- American video game developer and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Brigada (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Bringing Up Baby (TV programme) -- British television documentary series
Wikipedia - Britain at Low Tide -- British television program
Wikipedia - Britain's Most Historic Towns -- British television history program
Wikipedia - British Commonwealth Air Training Plan -- Joint military aircrew training program during World War II
Wikipedia - British Forces Broadcasting Service -- Broadcasts radio and television programmes for the British military
Wikipedia - British hydrogen bomb programme -- British effort to develop hydrogen bombs between 1952 and 1958
Wikipedia - Broadcast automation -- The use of broadcast programming technology to automate broadcasting operations
Wikipedia - Broadcast flag -- Bits in a digital television program that indicates recording restrictions
Wikipedia - Broadcast programming -- All shows of radio and television that were broadcast during a period of time
Wikipedia - Broadcast syndication -- Programs broadcast by leasing rights to multiple broadcast stations
Wikipedia - Broken (American TV program) -- Documentary television program
Wikipedia - Brokered programming -- Model where a show's producer pays a broadcaster for air time
Wikipedia - Brooklyn Bridge (TV series) -- American television program in the 1990s
Wikipedia - Brown Bears sailing -- College sailing program
Wikipedia - Browser extension -- Program that extends the functionality of a web browser
Wikipedia - Bruce Ableson -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Bruce Carver -- Video game designer and programmer
Wikipedia - Bruce Eckel -- American computer programmer, author and consultant
Wikipedia - Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry -- former residential summer school program in Pennsylvania, USA
Wikipedia - Bs (programming language)
Wikipedia - Buffer overflow -- Anomaly in computer security and programming
Wikipedia - Bug bounty program
Wikipedia - Building Back Better -- United Nations program
Wikipedia - Building Strong Families Program
Wikipedia - Buitenhof (TV series) -- Dutch television news program
Wikipedia - Bullrun (decryption program)
Wikipedia - Bullseye with Jesse Thorn -- US public radio interview program and podcast
Wikipedia - Bumper (broadcasting) -- Broadcasting announcement between a program and commercial break
Wikipedia - Buran programme -- Soviet research project on spaceplanes
Wikipedia - Buran program
Wikipedia - Burning off -- Airing of a program as filler instead of in a regular way
Wikipedia - Business Today (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Buzz Bin -- Music video program
Wikipedia - C11 (C standard revision) -- C programming language standard, 2011 revision
Wikipedia - C17 (C standard revision) -- C programming language standard, 2017 revision
Wikipedia - C++17 -- 2017 edition of the C++ programming language standard
Wikipedia - C++23 -- Computer programming language
Wikipedia - C2x -- C programming language standard, future revision
Wikipedia - C99 -- C programming language standard, 1999 revision
Wikipedia - Cadabra (computer program)
Wikipedia - Cada maM-CM-1ana -- Mexican television program
Wikipedia - Caesar's Hour -- American television sketch-comedy television program 1954-1957
Wikipedia - Cafe Istanbul -- American radio program
Wikipedia - CAHOOTS (crisis response) -- Mental health crisis intervention program in Eugene, Oregon
Wikipedia - Calambur -- Ukrainian-Russian 1996 television programme
Wikipedia - California Environmental Resources Evaluation System -- program established to disseminate environmental and geoinformation electronic data about California
Wikipedia - Callback (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Call stack -- Stack data structure that stores information about the active subroutines of a computer program
Wikipedia - Call-with-current-continuation -- Control flow operator in functional programming
Wikipedia - CAL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Camel case (programming)
Wikipedia - Campbell Live -- New Zealand current affairs television programme
Wikipedia - Canada Now -- Canadian national news program
Wikipedia - Canada Pension Plan -- Contributory, earnings-related social insurance program
Wikipedia - Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program -- English language assessment tool
Wikipedia - Canceled Apollo missions -- Missions of Apollo, the United States crewed Moon landing program, which were canceled for various reasons
Wikipedia - Candies (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Cannon (TV series) -- Television program
Wikipedia - Capella (notation program)
Wikipedia - Cargo cult programming -- Ritual inclusion of computer code that serve no purpose
Wikipedia - Carla Meninsky -- Lawyer and Atari 2600 video game designer and programmer
Wikipedia - Carl Hewitt -- American computer scientist and designer of Planner programming language
Wikipedia - CaRMetal -- Interactive geometry program
Wikipedia - Carolina Population Center -- American university program
Wikipedia - Cartesian genetic programming
Wikipedia - Case Notes (radio show) -- BBC Radio program
Wikipedia - Cashrewards -- Australian cashback reward program
Wikipedia - Casio fx-3650P -- Programmable scientific calculator produced by Casio
Wikipedia - Casio fx-3900Pv -- Programmable scientific calculator produced by Casio
Wikipedia - Casio FX-502P series -- Series of programmable calculators produced by Casio
Wikipedia - Casio FX-602P series -- Series of programmable calculators produced by Casio
Wikipedia - Casio FX-603P -- Programmable calculator produced by Casio
Wikipedia - Categorical list of programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Academic programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Ada (programming language)
Wikipedia - Category:Ajax (programming)
Wikipedia - Category:Algol programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:American computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:American video game programmers
Wikipedia - Category:APL programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:Apollo program hardware
Wikipedia - Category:Apollo program
Wikipedia - Category:Application programming interfaces
Wikipedia - Category:Array programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Articles with example Lisp (programming language) code
Wikipedia - Category:Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Wikipedia - Category:Articles with example Scheme (programming language) code
Wikipedia - Category:Aspect-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Category:AT-X (TV network) original programming
Wikipedia - Category:Avionics programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:BASIC programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:BASIC programming language
Wikipedia - Category:Belgian computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:British computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Canadian computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Class-based programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Classic Mac OS programming tools
Wikipedia - Category:Common Lisp (programming language) software
Wikipedia - Category:Comparison of individual programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Competitive programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Computer programming books
Wikipedia - Category:Computer programming folklore
Wikipedia - Category:Computer Programming task force articles
Wikipedia - Category:Computer programming
Wikipedia - Category:Concatenative programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Concurrent programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:C programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:C++ programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:C (programming language) libraries
Wikipedia - Category:C (programming language) software
Wikipedia - Category:C (programming language)
Wikipedia - Category:Danish computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Data-centric programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Declarative programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Declarative programming
Wikipedia - Category:Discoveries by Indiana University (Indiana Asteroid Program)
Wikipedia - Category:Discoveries by the PMO NEO Survey Program
Wikipedia - Category:Domain-specific programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Dutch computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Dylan (programming language)
Wikipedia - Category:Dynamically typed programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Dynamic programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Dynamic programming
Wikipedia - Category:Educational programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:English computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Esoteric programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Experimental programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Extensible syntax programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Extreme programming
Wikipedia - Category:Finnish computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Forth programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:Fortran programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:Fourth-generation programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Ada
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in C
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in C++
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Haskell
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in JavaScript
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Julia
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Lisp
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Perl
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Python
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Ruby
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Scala
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmed in Tcl
Wikipedia - Category:Free software programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Functional programming
Wikipedia - Category:Generic programming
Wikipedia - Category:Genetic programming
Wikipedia - Category:Government aid programs
Wikipedia - Category:Haskell programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:High Integrity Programming Language
Wikipedia - Category:High-level programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Homoiconic programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Implementation of functional programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Inductive logic programming
Wikipedia - Category:Japanese computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Java programming language family
Wikipedia - Category:Java (programming language)
Wikipedia - Category:JVM programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Kernel programmers
Wikipedia - Category:Linear programming
Wikipedia - Category:Linux kernel programmers
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Wikipedia - Category:Programming tools for Windows
Wikipedia - Category:Prolog programming language family
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Wikipedia - Category:Transgender and transsexual computer programmers
Wikipedia - Category:>TV original programming
Wikipedia - Category:Typesetting programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Unix programming tools
Wikipedia - Category:Visual programming languages
Wikipedia - Category:Web programming
Wikipedia - Cathryn Mataga -- American video game programmer
Wikipedia - Caves of Mars Project -- Program to assess the best place for research and habitation modules on Mars
Wikipedia - Cavuto on Business -- US television program
Wikipedia - Cayenne (programming language)
Wikipedia - CBC Kids -- Canadian TV programming for children on CBC
Wikipedia - CBC Wednesday Night -- Radio program
Wikipedia - CBERS-1 -- first satellite cooperation program between China and Brazil
Wikipedia - CBERS-2 -- second satellite cooperation program between China and Brazil
Wikipedia - CBS Block Party -- Comedy programming block on the CBS television network
Wikipedia - CBS Evening News -- Evening news program, broadcast on CBS News
Wikipedia - CBS Morning News -- American early-morning news program
Wikipedia - CBS Overnight News -- American overnight television news program
Wikipedia - CBS This Morning -- American morning television program
Wikipedia - CDK (programming library)
Wikipedia - Cecil (programming language)
Wikipedia - Celebrate Recovery -- Christian twelve-step program
Wikipedia - Celebrity Blackjack -- American television program
Wikipedia - Center for Talented Youth -- Gifted education program
Wikipedia - Central Locator System -- American safety program
Wikipedia - Centrelink -- federal social security program of the Australian Government
Wikipedia - Cepheus (poker bot) -- Poker playing program
Wikipedia - Ceylon (programming language)
Wikipedia - C file input/output -- Input/output functionality in the C programming language
Wikipedia - CGI:IRC -- CGI program
Wikipedia - CGOL -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Cg (programming language) -- Shading language
Wikipedia - CHAMP (mathematics outreach program) -- Mathematics and STEM outreach program
Wikipedia - Chandrayaan program
Wikipedia - Channel 4 News -- British broadcaster ITN's main news programme
Wikipedia - Channel (programming)
Wikipedia - Chapel (programming language)
Wikipedia - Chappelle's Show -- Comedy television program
Wikipedia - Charles Katz -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Charles Petzold -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Chasing the Moon (2019 film) -- Documentary series by Robert Stone on history of US space program
Wikipedia - Chatbot -- Program that simulates conversation
Wikipedia - Ch (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Cheetah Sound Sampler -- Defunct sound sampler program used in the 1980s
Wikipedia - Chef (programming language)
Wikipedia - Chen Yin (TV presenter) -- Chinese television program host on CCTV
Wikipedia - Chess programming
Wikipedia - ChessV -- Computer program designed to play chess variants
Wikipedia - Cheyenne (TV series) -- TV program
Wikipedia - Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program
Wikipedia - Chicago State Cougars -- Collegiate athletic program based in Chicago
Wikipedia - Children's Health Insurance Program -- Health Insurance program for families administered by the United States
Wikipedia - Children's programming on CBS -- Children's programmes originally aired over CBS
Wikipedia - Children's programming on NBC -- Children's programming airing over NBC
Wikipedia - Children's programming on the American Broadcasting Company -- Wikimedia template
Wikipedia - Children's television series -- Television programs designed for, and marketed to children
Wikipedia - China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite program -- satellite cooperation program between China and Brazil
Wikipedia - China's spaceplane program -- Manned Spacecraft sub-system
Wikipedia - China Uncensored -- Commentary program focused on China
Wikipedia - Chinese Lunar Exploration Program -- Chinese lunar research program
Wikipedia - Chinese space program
Wikipedia - Chinook Checkers Program
Wikipedia - Chisel (programming language)
Wikipedia - Chitrahaar -- Television program
Wikipedia - Chmod -- Program to change access permissions of a file or folder
Wikipedia - Chris Kubecka -- American computer programmer and computer security researcher
Wikipedia - Chris Pile (programmer) -- British computer programmer
Wikipedia - Chris Roberts (video game developer) -- Computer game designer, game programmer, film producer and film director
Wikipedia - Christian Mann -- fictional character from a German TV program
Wikipedia - Christian Whitehead -- Australian video game programmer
Wikipedia - Christopher Abad -- American hacker, museum curator, artist, network engineer and programmer
Wikipedia - Christopher Dunn (computer programmer) -- British writer and computer enthusiast
Wikipedia - Christopher E. Gerty -- American aerospace engineer who worked on NASA's Constellation Program
Wikipedia - Chris Wright (programmer) -- Linux kernel hacker
Wikipedia - Chromatic (programmer) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Chrome programming language
Wikipedia - Chronicle (British TV programme) -- British archaeology television series
Wikipedia - Chuck's Day Off -- Canadian television program
Wikipedia - ChucK -- Audio programming language for real-time synthesis, composition, and performance
Wikipedia - Ciao (programming language)
Wikipedia - CIA Tibetan program
Wikipedia - CIT Program Tumor Identity Cards -- Tumors research program
Wikipedia - Citrine (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Civilian Conservation Corps -- US voluntary public work relief program
Wikipedia - CLACL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Claremont-Mudd-Scripps Stags and Athenas -- Joint athletic program of three of the Claremont Colleges
Wikipedia - Clarion (programming language)
Wikipedia - Class-based programming
Wikipedia - Class (computer programming) -- In object-oriented programming, a definition that specifies how an object works
Wikipedia - Classification of Instructional Programs
Wikipedia - Class (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Class (programming)
Wikipedia - Claudico -- Artificial intelligence poker playing computer program
Wikipedia - Claudine (TV program) -- 2010 Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Clean (programming language)
Wikipedia - ClickBank -- Affiliate marketing program
Wikipedia - Click (TV programme)
Wikipedia - Clint Curtis -- American lawyer and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Clipper (programming language)
Wikipedia - Clojure (programming language)
Wikipedia - Clojure -- Dialect of the Lisp programming language on the Java platform
Wikipedia - Closure (computer programming)
Wikipedia - CLU (programming language)
Wikipedia - CLU programming language
Wikipedia - CMS-2 (programming language)
Wikipedia - CNN Newsroom (International TV program) -- Main newscast program airing on CNN International
Wikipedia - CNN Newsroom -- American news program on CNN
Wikipedia - CNN Today -- Former global news program on CNN International
Wikipedia - CNN World Sport -- American television program
Wikipedia - Cobalt (CAD program)
Wikipedia - COBOL -- Programming language with English-like syntax
Wikipedia - Cobra (programming language)
Wikipedia - Code bloat -- Production of unnecessarily long, slow or wasteful program code
Wikipedia - Code review -- Activity where one or more people check a program's code
Wikipedia - Codewars -- Computer programming community and challenge site
Wikipedia - Coding bootcamp -- Software development learning programs
Wikipedia - Cognition and Neuroergonomics (CaN) Collaborative Technology Alliance -- US Army research program
Wikipedia - Coke Studio (Pakistani TV program) -- Pakistani television programme
Wikipedia - Collaborative Summer Library Program -- Nonprofitable, charitable organization
Wikipedia - College of Charleston Cougars sailing -- College sailing program
Wikipedia - Color in Informatics and Media Technology -- Master's degree programme
Wikipedia - Colossal Typewriter -- Computer program
Wikipedia - Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer -- Defunct manned space station program
Wikipedia - COMAL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Combined Programming Language
Wikipedia - Come Dine with Me Ireland -- Irish television programme
Wikipedia - Come Drive In -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Comedy Bar (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Comedy Underground with Dave Attell -- US television program
Wikipedia - Comet (programming language)
Wikipedia - Command (computing) -- Directive to a computer program
Wikipedia - Commander in Chief (TV series) -- American television program
Wikipedia - Command-line argument parsing -- Programming languages parsing of command-line arguments
Wikipedia - Command-line program
Wikipedia - Comma operator -- (C and C++ programming languages) binary operator whose effect is to cause a sequence of operations to be performed
Wikipedia - Comment (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Commercial Crew Program
Wikipedia - Commercial Lunar Payload Services -- A NASA program contracting commercial transportation services to the Moon
Wikipedia - Commercial Orbital Transportation Services -- Former NASA program
Wikipedia - Commercial Users of Functional Programming
Wikipedia - Common Gateway Interface -- Interface which offers a standard protocol for web servers to execute programs install
Wikipedia - Comparison of Asian national space programs
Wikipedia - Comparison of genealogy software -- List of client-based genealogy programs
Wikipedia - Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Comparison of open-source programming language licensing
Wikipedia - Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)
Wikipedia - Comparison of programming languages (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Comparison of programming languages
Wikipedia - Comparison of programming paradigms
Wikipedia - Compass (1986 TV program) -- CBC local television newscast for Prince Edward Island, Canada
Wikipedia - Competitive programming
Wikipedia - Compiler -- Computer program which translates code from one programming language to another
Wikipedia - Complex programmable logic device
Wikipedia - Composer of the Week -- British music radio programme
Wikipedia - Composer (software) -- Software; application level dependency manager for the PHP programming language
Wikipedia - Comprehensive Social Security Assistance -- Hong Kong welfare programme
Wikipedia - Computable function -- Mathematical function that can be computed by a program
Wikipedia - Computational heuristic intelligence -- Programming techniques in computational intelligence
Wikipedia - Computational phylogenetics -- The application of computational algorithms, methods, and programs to phylogenetic analyses
Wikipedia - Computer Clubhouse -- Out-of-school learning program
Wikipedia - Computer Go -- Field of artificial intelligence dedicated to creating a computer program that plays Go
Wikipedia - Computer network programming
Wikipedia - Computer programmers
Wikipedia - Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Computer programming in the punch card era
Wikipedia - Computer programming in the punched card era
Wikipedia - Computer programming language
Wikipedia - Computer Programming
Wikipedia - Computer programming -- Process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs
Wikipedia - Computer Programs Directive
Wikipedia - Computer programs
Wikipedia - Computer program -- Instructions to be executed by a computer
Wikipedia - Computer science and engineering -- University academic program
Wikipedia - Computer security software -- Computer program for information security
Wikipedia - Computer terminal -- Computer input/output device; an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system update programming
Wikipedia - Computer virus -- Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
Wikipedia - Concatenative programming language -- Type of programming language
Wikipedia - Concept (generic programming)
Wikipedia - Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming
Wikipedia - Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey -- Women's ice hockey program representing Concordia University
Wikipedia - Concourse Program at MIT
Wikipedia - Concurrency (computer science) -- Ability of different parts or units of a program, algorithm, or problem to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the final outcome
Wikipedia - Concurrent constraint logic programming
Wikipedia - Concurrent logic programming
Wikipedia - Concurrent object-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Concurrent programming language
Wikipedia - Concurrent programming
Wikipedia - Concurrent program
Wikipedia - Conditional (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Conditional (programming)
Wikipedia - Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation
Wikipedia - Confraternity of Christian Doctrine -- Religious education programs of the Catholic Church normally designed for children
Wikipedia - Confucius Institute -- Chinese government international educational partnership program
Wikipedia - Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest -- Television programme
Wikipedia - Constant (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Constant (programming)
Wikipedia - Const (computer programming) -- Type qualifier
Wikipedia - Constellation program
Wikipedia - Constraint-induced movement therapy -- Rehabilitation program for cases of CNS damage
Wikipedia - Constraint logic programming
Wikipedia - Constraint programming language
Wikipedia - Constraint programming
Wikipedia - Constructor (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Cons -- Function and primitive data structure in Lisp and other functional programming languages
Wikipedia - Continuation -- representation of the control state of a computer program
Wikipedia - Continuous Plankton Recorder -- Marine biology monitoring programming
Wikipedia - Control Program Facility
Wikipedia - Control variable (programming) -- Regulates the flow of control of a program
Wikipedia - Convex programming
Wikipedia - Cookie Jar Kids Network -- Former American children's programming block
Wikipedia - Cookie Jar TV -- Former American children's programming block
Wikipedia - Cool Kids (TV series) -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Copenhagen Suborbitals -- Amateur crowdfunded human space programme
Wikipedia - Copernicus programme
Wikipedia - Cops (TV program) -- American reality documentary police series
Wikipedia - Copy-and-paste programming -- Pejorative term for highly repetitive programming
Wikipedia - Copy-on-write -- Programming technique for efficiently duplicating data
Wikipedia - Cordova Congressional Internship Program -- Publicly funded internship managed by Puerto Rico legislature
Wikipedia - Core Python Programming -- Textbook
Wikipedia - Core War -- 1984 programming game
Wikipedia - Corrinne Yu -- American game programmer
Wikipedia - Countdown (Canadian TV program) -- 1996 Canadian television program
Wikipedia - Counterprogramming (film distribution) -- Film indutstry marketing strategy
Wikipedia - Counterprogramming (television) -- Television programming marketing strategy
Wikipedia - Coupling (computer programming) -- Degree of interdependence between software modules
Wikipedia - Coupon-eligible converter box -- US DTV conversion program
Wikipedia - COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom -- Plan to immunize against COVID-19
Wikipedia - CPL (programming language) -- Multi-paradigm computer programming language
Wikipedia - C (Programming Language)
Wikipedia - C programming language
Wikipedia - C (programming language) -- general-purpose programming language
Wikipedia - Crackme -- Small program designed to test a programmer's reverse engineering skills
Wikipedia - Craig McClanahan -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Crash (computing) -- When a computer program stops functioning properly and self-terminates
Wikipedia - Create a Comic Project -- Youth literacy program and webcomic
Wikipedia - Creatures (artificial life program)
Wikipedia - Crime Busters x 2 -- Singaporean television program
Wikipedia - Crime Scene (South Korean TV series) -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Crimewatch Roadshow -- British television programme produced by the BBC
Wikipedia - Crimewatch -- British television programme produced by the BBC
Wikipedia - Critique of the Gotha Program
Wikipedia - CRN Digital Talk Radio Networks -- American radio programming distributor
Wikipedia - Crook & Chase -- American country music television program
Wikipedia - Crossfire (American TV program) -- Current events debate television program that aired from 1982 to 2005 on CNN
Wikipedia - Crossover (genetic algorithm) -- Operator used to vary the programming of chromosomes from one generation to the next
Wikipedia - Crt0 -- A set of execution startup routines linked into a C program
Wikipedia - Crusader Rabbit -- Animated 1950's children's television program
Wikipedia - CryoSat -- ESA programme monitoring polar ice using satellites
Wikipedia - Cryptographic Module Validation Program -- Joint American-Canadian security accreditation program for cryptographic modules
Wikipedia - Crystal (programming language)
Wikipedia - CS-4 (programming language)
Wikipedia - C Sharp 2.0 -- Version of the C# programming language
Wikipedia - C Sharp 3.0 -- Version of the C# programming language
Wikipedia - C Sharp 4.0 -- Version of the C# programming language
Wikipedia - C Sharp (programming language) -- Multi-paradigm (object-oriented) programming language
Wikipedia - C Sharp syntax -- Syntax of the C# programming language
Wikipedia - CSIRAC -- Australia's first digital computer, and the fifth stored program computer in the world
Wikipedia - Csound -- Programming language
Wikipedia - C standard library -- Standard library for the C programming language
Wikipedia - C string handling -- Handling of strings in the C programming language
Wikipedia - Cub Scouting (Boy Scouts of America) -- Coed program of the Boy Scouts of America for kids in grades K-5
Wikipedia - Cub Scout -- Scouting program for young people
Wikipedia - Cuneiform (programming language)
Wikipedia - Cuomo Prime Time -- American news analysis TV program
Wikipedia - CU Online -- University of ColoradoM-bM-^@M-^Ys fully-online bachelorM-bM-^@M-^Ys, masterM-bM-^@M-^Ys, doctorate, and certificate programs
Wikipedia - Cure Violence -- Public health anti-violence program
Wikipedia - Curl (programming language)
Wikipedia - Curly bracket programming language
Wikipedia - Curly-bracket programming language
Wikipedia - Curry-Howard correspondence -- Isomorphism between computer programs and constructive mathematical proofs
Wikipedia - Curry (programming language)
Wikipedia - Curses (programming library)
Wikipedia - Customer loyalty program
Wikipedia - Cut (logic programming) -- Feature in Prolog
Wikipedia - Cutting-plane method -- optimization technique for solving (mixed) integer linear programs
Wikipedia - Cyclone (programming language)
Wikipedia - Cyclone programming language
Wikipedia - Cydoor -- Adware program
Wikipedia - Cython -- Programming language
Wikipedia - D4 (programming language)
Wikipedia - D.A Got That Dope -- American record producer and music programmer from Illinois
Wikipedia - Daily Politics -- Former BBC political television programme
Wikipedia - Damien Doligez -- French academic and programmer
Wikipedia - Dan Benjamin -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Danielle Bunten Berry -- American game designer and programmer
Wikipedia - Daniel Robbins (computer programmer) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Daniels College of Business -- Graduate program at the University of Denver
Wikipedia - Daniel Shiffman -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Daniel Weinreb -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Danny Goodman -- American computer programmer, technology consultant
Wikipedia - Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition -- algorithm for solving linear programming problems with special structure
Wikipedia - Darius Kazemi -- Computer programmer and artist
Wikipedia - DARPA Global autonomous language exploitation program -- DARPA-funded program
Wikipedia - DARPA LAGR Program -- United States government program involved in the development of unmanned ground vehicles
Wikipedia - DARPA's Memex program
Wikipedia - DARPA TIDES program
Wikipedia - Dartmouth BASIC -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Dart (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Darwin (programming game)
Wikipedia - Data control language -- Syntax similar to a computer programming language used to control access to data stored in a database
Wikipedia - Data-driven programming
Wikipedia - Dataflow programming
Wikipedia - Data processing unit -- Programmable electronic component
Wikipedia - Dateline (Australian TV program) -- Australian television series
Wikipedia - Dave Taylor (game programmer) -- American video game programmer
Wikipedia - Dave Thomas (programmer)
Wikipedia - David Abrahams (computer programmer)
Wikipedia - David Crane (programmer) -- American video game designer and programmer
Wikipedia - David F. Bacon -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - David Heinemeier Hansson -- Programmer, racing driver, creator of Ruby on Rails
Wikipedia - David Korn (computer scientist) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - David Louis Edelman -- American novelist and web programmer
Wikipedia - David Plummer (programmer) -- Canadian-American programmer and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - David Silver (programmer)
Wikipedia - Daybreak (1983 TV series) -- Early morning news programme on TV-am
Wikipedia - Daybreak (2010 TV programme) -- Weekday breakfast television programme on ITV
Wikipedia - Day Off (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Dc (computer program)
Wikipedia - DCU Ryan Academy -- Unit of Dublin City University that operates entrepreneurial programmes
Wikipedia - Debian build toolchain -- Set of programming tools for deploy packages for Debian repositories
Wikipedia - Debugger -- Computer program used to test and debug other programs
Wikipedia - Debugging -- Process of finding and resolving defects or problems within a computer program
Wikipedia - Declaration (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Declarative programming language
Wikipedia - Declarative programming
Wikipedia - Decline and Fall of the American Programmer
Wikipedia - DeCSS -- Free open-source program to decode DVDs with encryption
Wikipedia - Deep Carbon Observatory -- Research program to study carbon's role deep beneath the Earth's surface
Wikipedia - DeepDream -- Software program
Wikipedia - Deep Sea Drilling Project -- Ocean drilling research program between 1966-1983
Wikipedia - Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
Wikipedia - Defensive programming
Wikipedia - De Grote Donorshow -- Hoax reality television program
Wikipedia - Dekh Bhai Dekh -- Indian television program
Wikipedia - Delaware Student Excellence Equals Degree Program Scholarship -- Scholarship program
Wikipedia - Delegation (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Delegation (programming)
Wikipedia - Delimiter-separated values -- Store two-dimensional arrays of data by separating the values in each row with specific delimiter characters. Most database and spreadsheet programs are able to read or save data in a delimited format
Wikipedia - Delphi (programming language)
Wikipedia - Delta timing -- Concept in game programming
Wikipedia - Democracy Now! -- American TV, radio, and internet news program
Wikipedia - Department of Space -- Indian government space program administrator
Wikipedia - DepEd TV -- Philippine educational television programming block
Wikipedia - Deployment environment -- Computer system in which a computer program or software component is deployed and executed
Wikipedia - Deprogramming
Wikipedia - Deputy Chief of Staff G-8 Programs of The United States Army -- Part of the Department of the Army Headquarters
Wikipedia - Der schwarze Kanal -- Series of political propaganda programmes broadcast weekly between 1960 and 1989 by East German television Deutscher Fernsehfunk.
Wikipedia - Desert Island Discs -- BBC Radio 4 programme
Wikipedia - Designing Women -- American sitcom television program
Wikipedia - Dessert Games -- US television program
Wikipedia - De Stratemakeropzeeshow -- Dutch television news program
Wikipedia - Detroit Mercy Titans -- US college athletic program
Wikipedia - Developing Lives -- Program in New York City
Wikipedia - Development of the Commercial Crew Program -- NASA space program partnership with space companies
Wikipedia - Device driver -- Computer program
Wikipedia - Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist -- Children's animated TV program
Wikipedia - Dia a Dia con Raymond y Dagmar -- Puerto Rican TV variety program
Wikipedia - Diana Merry -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre -- Television program
Wikipedia - Die Astronautin -- German human spaceflight program
Wikipedia - Differentiable programming
Wikipedia - Digital encoding of APL symbols -- Code pages used specifically to write programs in the APL programming language
Wikipedia - Digital subchannel -- Method of transmitting multiple program streams on a digital radio or television multiplex
Wikipedia - Digital television transition in the United States -- Switchover from analog to exclusively digital broadcasting of terrestrial television television programming
Wikipedia - Dinosaurs (TV series) -- U.S. television program
Wikipedia - Directive (programming) -- Language construct that specifies how a compiler should process its input
Wikipedia - Director of network programming -- Position in television
Wikipedia - Directo USA -- US television program
Wikipedia - Dirk Poot -- Dutch programmer and politician
Wikipedia - Disasterpiece Theatre -- US television program
Wikipedia - Disney Channel Saturday morning block -- Programming block
Wikipedia - Disney College Program -- National internship program operated by The Walt Disney Company
Wikipedia - Disney International Programs -- International internship programs operated by The Walt Disney Company
Wikipedia - DIVA-GIS -- Geographic information system software program
Wikipedia - Diver training standard -- Document describing requirements of a diver training programme
Wikipedia - Diving safety officer -- Administrator of a US university's research diving safety program
Wikipedia - Dld (software) -- Library package for the C programming language
Wikipedia - Document-oriented database -- A document-oriented NoSQL database, or document store, is a computer program designed for storing, retrieving and managing semi-structured, document-oriented information.
Wikipedia - Dogstar (TV series) -- Australian children's animated television program
Wikipedia - Dolittle (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Domain (software engineering) -- target subject of a computer program
Wikipedia - Domain-specific programming language
Wikipedia - Dona Bailey -- American video game programmer
Wikipedia - Don Dailey -- American researcher and game programmer
Wikipedia - Don't be the First One! -- South Korean TV program
Wikipedia - Don Woods (programmer)
Wikipedia - Do-ol Ah-in Going All Directions -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - DOPE (Dartmouth Oversimplified Programming Experiment)
Wikipedia - DoReMi Market -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Dos por Dos -- Philippine national radio program
Wikipedia - Dough Re Mi -- US television game show program
Wikipedia - Douglas Crockford -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - D (programming language)
Wikipedia - D programming language
Wikipedia - Draft:ActiveJ -- Full-stack Java programming platform
Wikipedia - Draft:Alda (Programming Language) -- Music programming language for musicians
Wikipedia - Draft:List of Nginiig episodes -- Philippine horror television program
Wikipedia - Draft:List of programmes broadcast by Awesome TV -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Draft:List of programmes broadcast by TV1 (Malaysia) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Draft:List of programs broadcast by Qubo (block) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - Draft:List of Star (Disney+) original programming
Wikipedia - Draft:Metaverse Blockchain -- Blockchain platform with programmable transactions
Wikipedia - Draft:QCObjects -- programming language
Wikipedia - Draft:SmartCore -- Machine learning library for the Rust programming language
Wikipedia - Draft:Stage K -- Television program
Wikipedia - Draft:STEM Crew -- Educational program
Wikipedia - Draft talk:List of Star (Disney+) original programming
Wikipedia - Draft:The Pennsylvania Project -- US radio program
Wikipedia - Draft:Top Story -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - Draft:Vidgo -- American over-the-top internet television service that offers live linear programming.
Wikipedia - Draft:Volodymyr Kovpak -- programmer
Wikipedia - Draft:W65271 -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Dragons' Den (British TV programme) -- British television series
Wikipedia - Drakconf -- Configuration program used by Mandriva-based Linux distributions
Wikipedia - Drama Stage -- 2017 South Korean weekly television program
Wikipedia - Draw the Line (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming Award
Wikipedia - Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming award
Wikipedia - Dr. Dynasaur -- Public healthcare program in Vermont, US
Wikipedia - Driver development program -- System designed for young racing drivers to perfect their racing skills
Wikipedia - Drivers Edge Development -- Driver development program
Wikipedia - Dr. Love Radio Show -- Filipino radio program
Wikipedia - Dr. Sbaitso -- Artificial intelligence speech synthesis program
Wikipedia - Drug Abuse Resistance Education -- US anti-drug educational program
Wikipedia - Dryad (programming)
Wikipedia - Dual linear program
Wikipedia - Duck typing -- A style of dynamic typing in object-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Duncan Brinsmead -- Canadian software programmer
Wikipedia - Dylan (programming language)
Wikipedia - Dynamic program analysis
Wikipedia - Dynamic programming language
Wikipedia - Dynamic programming
Wikipedia - EAGLE (program)
Wikipedia - Eagle Rock Entertainment -- London-based producer and distributor of music films and programming for cinema, television, DVD, Blu-ray, and downloadable media
Wikipedia - Early Commissioning Program -- US Army ROTC program to allow graduates of military junior colleges to become reserve officers in two years
Wikipedia - Early Edition (TV program) -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - Earth Observing System -- NASA program involving satellites
Wikipedia - Earth System Governance Project -- Long-term, interdisciplinary social science research programme
Wikipedia - Ease programming language
Wikipedia - Echoes (radio program) -- US radio program
Wikipedia - ECL (data-centric programming language)
Wikipedia - ECL programming language
Wikipedia - EcoDemonstrator -- technology research program to improve the ecological footprint of airliners
Wikipedia - EC (programming language)
Wikipedia - ECrew Development Program -- Rare educational video game
Wikipedia - ECW Hardcore TV -- American professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - Eddy Arnold Time -- US television program
Wikipedia - EdFund -- Federal Family Education Loan Program
Wikipedia - Edison (programming language)
Wikipedia - Educational accreditation -- Type of quality assurance process under which services and operations of educational institutions or programs are evaluated and verified by an external body
Wikipedia - Educational assessment -- Systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning
Wikipedia - Educational programming language
Wikipedia - Education for sustainable development -- United Nations program
Wikipedia - Education Program for Gifted Youth
Wikipedia - Educators of Change -- Teacher-development program
Wikipedia - Een ster in de familie -- Belgian television programme
Wikipedia - EenVandaag -- Dutch television news program
Wikipedia - Efficiency Vermont -- American energy efficiency program
Wikipedia - Eff (programming language) -- Functional programming language
Wikipedia - EGL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Eiffel (programming language)
Wikipedia - Eiffel programming language
Wikipedia - Eigen Huis & Tuin -- Dutch television program
Wikipedia - Elaine M. McGraw -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - ELAN (programming language)
Wikipedia - Electrical Transient Analyzer Program -- Power system software modeling tool
Wikipedia - El Hormiguero -- Spanish television program
Wikipedia - ELI (programming language)
Wikipedia - Elixir (programming language) -- Programming language running on the Erlang virtual machine
Wikipedia - Elizabeth Betty Ryan -- American game developer and programmer
Wikipedia - ELIZA -- Early natural language processing computer program
Wikipedia - ELLA (programming language)
Wikipedia - Ellen Ullman -- American writer and programmer
Wikipedia - Ellipsis (programming operator)
Wikipedia - Elmo's World -- Segment shown at the end of the children's television program Sesame Street
Wikipedia - Elm (programming language)
Wikipedia - Elsie Shutt -- American computer programmer and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - El Vacilon de la MaM-CM-1ana -- Radio program
Wikipedia - Elvis operator -- Binary operator in computer programming
Wikipedia - Embedded programming
Wikipedia - Emerald (programming language)
Wikipedia - Emergency (1995 TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Emergency Fighter Program -- Fighter aircraft design competition in Germany during WW2.
Wikipedia - Employee assistance programs
Wikipedia - EMX (programming environment)
Wikipedia - Encapsulation (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Encapsulation (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Encore fellowships -- Temporary work placement programs
Wikipedia - Endangered Archives Programme -- Funding programme and digital archive run by the British Library
Wikipedia - English English English -- Israeli childrens' educational program
Wikipedia - Enhanced interrogation techniques -- Euphemism for program of systematic torture by U.S. government
Wikipedia - Entrepreneur First -- Business accelerator program
Wikipedia - Environmentally Endangered Lands -- Government conservation program in Florida, U.S.
Wikipedia - Epidemic Intelligence Service -- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention program
Wikipedia - Epigram (programming language) -- Functional programming language
Wikipedia - Epigrams on Programming
Wikipedia - E (programming language)
Wikipedia - E programming language
Wikipedia - EPSILON (programming language)
Wikipedia - Equal Pay Act of 1963 -- United States labor law of the New Frontier program
Wikipedia - Equinox (TV programme) -- British science documentary programme
Wikipedia - Erasable programmable logic device
Wikipedia - Erasmus Programme
Wikipedia - Eric Allman -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Eric Haines -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Eric Sink -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Eric S. Raymond -- American computer programmer, author, and advocate for the open source movement
Wikipedia - Erik Naggum -- Norwegian computer programmer
Wikipedia - Erin Burnett OutFront -- Television news program hosted by Erin Burnett on CNN
Wikipedia - Erlangen programme
Wikipedia - Erlangen program
Wikipedia - Erlang (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Ernest Friedman-Hill -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Eryptosis -- Programmed death of red blood cells
Wikipedia - Escape (Programming)
Wikipedia - Escher (programming language)
Wikipedia - Esoteric programming language -- Programming language designed to test boundaries or as software art
Wikipedia - ESPN on ABC -- Branding for sports programming on ABC
Wikipedia - Espresso heuristic logic minimizer -- computer program for complexity reduction of digital logic circuits
Wikipedia - Essentials of Programming Languages
Wikipedia - Estadio Uno -- Uruguayan television program
Wikipedia - Etoys (programming language)
Wikipedia - Euclid (programming language)
Wikipedia - Euclid programming language
Wikipedia - Euler (programming language)
Wikipedia - Euler programming language
Wikipedia - European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Wikipedia - European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling -- A consortium of 14 European countries and Canada that was formed in 2003 to join the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Wikipedia - European Research Area -- System of scientific research programs in the EU
Wikipedia - European Strategic Program on Research in Information Technology
Wikipedia - Eurovision: Come Together -- 2020 BBC television programme
Wikipedia - Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits -- Television programme
Wikipedia - EusLisp Robot Programming Language
Wikipedia - Event-driven programming -- Computer programming paradigm
Wikipedia - Event programme
Wikipedia - Everybody's Talking -- US television program
Wikipedia - Evil Lives Here -- US television program
Wikipedia - Evolutionary programming
Wikipedia - Exapunks -- 2018 programming video game
Wikipedia - Execute Channel Program -- Operating System low level I/O API
Wikipedia - Execution (computing) -- running of a program by a computer
Wikipedia - Executive DBA Council -- Executive doctoral program
Wikipedia - Executive Order 9835 -- Prescribing Procedures for the Administration of an Employees Loyalty Program in the Executive Branch of the Government
Wikipedia - Exegesis (group) -- Group of individuals that delivered the Exegesis Programme
Wikipedia - ExoMars -- An astrobiology program studying Mars
Wikipedia - Expanded access -- Program providing access to unapproved drugs or medical devices
Wikipedia - Expensive Desk Calculator -- Computer program
Wikipedia - Expensive Tape Recorder -- Computer program
Wikipedia - Expensive Typewriter -- Computer program
Wikipedia - Explorers Program -- United States space exploration program
Wikipedia - Exponent II -- Independent Latter-day Saint women's periodical (1974-), retreat program and blog
Wikipedia - Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere -- NASA research program to study the ability of microorganismas to survive in a Mars-like environment
Wikipedia - Expression-oriented programming languages
Wikipedia - Expression (programming)
Wikipedia - Extensible programming
Wikipedia - Extension programming language
Wikipedia - Extraterrestrial (TV program) -- Hypothetical examples of a planet and a moon supporting extraterrestrial life
Wikipedia - Extreme Dodgeball -- US television program
Wikipedia - Extreme Makeover -- American reality television program
Wikipedia - Extreme programming practices
Wikipedia - Extreme Programming
Wikipedia - Extreme programming -- Software development methodology
Wikipedia - Ezhil (programming language)
Wikipedia - Face to Face (British TV programme)
Wikipedia - Factor (programming language)
Wikipedia - Factor programming language
Wikipedia - Factual television -- Genre of non-fiction television programming
Wikipedia - Fairview (surveillance program)
Wikipedia - Fame and Fortune (Irish game show) -- Irish television program
Wikipedia - Family Feud Myanmar -- Burmese television program
Wikipedia - Family Historian -- Genealogy software program
Wikipedia - Fantom (programming language)
Wikipedia - FARGO (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - FastBack -- Backup program for personal computers
Wikipedia - Fast loader -- Software acceleration program for file loading
Wikipedia - Fastran -- Crack growth calculation program
Wikipedia - Fatal exception error -- Error that causes a program to abort
Wikipedia - Federal Art Project -- New Deal relief program to fund the visual arts
Wikipedia - Federal Depository Library Program -- Government program created to make U.S. federal government publications available to the public at no cost
Wikipedia - Ferroptosis -- Programmed cell death
Wikipedia - Field programmable gate array
Wikipedia - Field-programmable gate array -- Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
Wikipedia - Field-programmable object array
Wikipedia - Fifth-generation programming language
Wikipedia - Films and television programmes based on Alice in Wonderland -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Firing Line (TV program) -- American public affairs television show
Wikipedia - First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC -- First published description of the logical design of a stored-program computer
Wikipedia - Firstfruits -- Mass surveillance program run by the NSA
Wikipedia - First-generation programming language
Wikipedia - First Programme (ERT) -- Greek national radio station
Wikipedia - Five Cranky Brothers -- Television program
Wikipedia - Five O'Clock Club -- 1960s British children's television pop programme
Wikipedia - Fjlnir (programming language)
Wikipedia - Flashrom -- Universal flash programming utility
Wikipedia - Flavors (programming language)
Wikipedia - Flix (programming language)
Wikipedia - Florida National High Adventure Sea Base -- Boy Scout high adventure program base
Wikipedia - Flow-based programming
Wikipedia - Flow chart language -- programming language
Wikipedia - Flower Crew -- Korean television entertainment program
Wikipedia - FLOW (programming language) -- Education programming language from 1970
Wikipedia - FL (programming language)
Wikipedia - FOCAL (programming language) -- Programming language used on DEC PDP-series machines
Wikipedia - Follow Your Heart (Philippine TV program) -- 2017 Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Food Programme -- Plan to improve Soviet agriculture
Wikipedia - Forbidden Love (2011 TV series) -- 2011 Syrian television program
Wikipedia - Foreign function interface -- Interface to call functions from other programming languages
Wikipedia - Forest Peoples Programme
Wikipedia - Fork (software development) -- New program, and line of software development, derived from an existing one
Wikipedia - FORMAC (programming language)
Wikipedia - FORMAC programming language
Wikipedia - Formal semantics of programming languages
Wikipedia - Forsythe (programming language)
Wikipedia - For the Children -- British television programme
Wikipedia - Forth (programming language)
Wikipedia - Fortran (programming language)
Wikipedia - Fortran -- General-purpose programming language
Wikipedia - Fortress (programming language)
Wikipedia - Fortress programming language
Wikipedia - Foundation Programme -- Programme of workplace-based learning for junior doctors
Wikipedia - Foundation Year Programme (University of King's College)
Wikipedia - Fourth-generation programming language -- Group of computer programming languages
Wikipedia - Fox & Friends -- US television program
Wikipedia - Fox Kids -- Fox Broadcasting Company's American children's programming division
Wikipedia - Foxnet -- American cable television channel carrying Fox network programming
Wikipedia - Fox News Sunday -- News program
Wikipedia - FoxPro -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Fox Sports (United States) -- Sports programming division of the Fox Broadcasting Company
Wikipedia - FP (programming language)
Wikipedia - F (programming language)
Wikipedia - F* (programming language)
Wikipedia - Fractint -- Computer program to render and display many kinds of fractals
Wikipedia - FRACTRAN -- Turing-complete esoteric programming language invented by John Conway
Wikipedia - Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development -- Science funding in Europe
Wikipedia - Framework programme
Wikipedia - Francois Lionet -- French computer programmer
Wikipedia - Freddie (TV series) -- Television program
Wikipedia - Fred Rogers Productions -- American non-profit organization specializing in children's programming
Wikipedia - FreeFileSync -- Free and open-source file synchronization program
Wikipedia - Freerice -- Click-to-donate site associated with the World Food Programme
Wikipedia - Friends and Heroes -- British-Canadian-American Christian children's program
Wikipedia - Frink (programming language)
Wikipedia - From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries) -- 1998 American TV miniseries about NASA's Apollo program
Wikipedia - Frontline (American TV program) -- PBS investigative journalism program
Wikipedia - Front Row (radio programme)
Wikipedia - Front Row (TV program) -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - Frosty Returns -- US animated Christmas television program
Wikipedia - F-Script (programming language)
Wikipedia - F Sharp (programming language) -- Microsoft programming language
Wikipedia - Fulbright Program -- Merit-based grants
Wikipedia - Functional logic programming
Wikipedia - Functional Programming Languages and Computer Architecture
Wikipedia - Functional programming languages
Wikipedia - Functional programming language
Wikipedia - Functional programming -- Programming paradigm
Wikipedia - Functional reactive programming
Wikipedia - Function-level programming
Wikipedia - Function (programming)
Wikipedia - Functor (functional programming)
Wikipedia - Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages
Wikipedia - Fundamental lemma (Langlands program) -- Relates orbital integrals on a reductive group over a local field to stable orbital integrals on its endoscopic groups
Wikipedia - Fundamental theorem of linear programming -- Extremes of a linear function over a convex polygonal region occur at the region's corners
Wikipedia - Futhark (programming language)
Wikipedia - Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft -- US Army helicopter program
Wikipedia - Future Imagery Architecture -- American spy satellite program
Wikipedia - Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft -- US Army program initiated in 2019 to o develop a successor to the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk utility helicopter
Wikipedia - Future Problem Solving Program International -- Non-profit educational program
Wikipedia - F-X fighter program -- Fighter aircraft procurement program
Wikipedia - GAA Beo -- Gaelic games television programme
Wikipedia - GAA... (TV programme) -- Gaelic games highlights television programme
Wikipedia - Galileo (German TV series) -- German television program
Wikipedia - Game programmer
Wikipedia - Game programming
Wikipedia - Gang Busters -- Radio program
Wikipedia - Gary the Rat -- American television program adult-oriented animated series
Wikipedia - Gates Cambridge Scholarship -- Scholarship program funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Wikipedia - Gateway Program (Northeast Corridor) -- Planned expansion of the U.S. Northeast rail Corridor
Wikipedia - Gateway Protection Programme -- Refugee scheme operated by the British government
Wikipedia - G-code -- Programming languages
Wikipedia - Gdel (programming language)
Wikipedia - Gemini 6A -- 1965 manned United States spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program
Wikipedia - Gemini 8 -- Spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program
Wikipedia - Gemini space suit -- Pressurized space suit used in the Gemini program
Wikipedia - GenderFail -- Queer publishing and programming initiative
Wikipedia - Gene expression programming
Wikipedia - General-purpose programming language
Wikipedia - Generation Adidas -- Soccer development program
Wikipedia - Generational list of programming languages
Wikipedia - Generative programming
Wikipedia - Generator (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Generic programming -- Way of designing and writing programs where algorithms are written in terms of parametric types enabling easy reuse
Wikipedia - Generic Security Services Application Program Interface
Wikipedia - Genetic Programming
Wikipedia - Genetic programming
Wikipedia - GeneXus -- Computer programming tool
Wikipedia - Genie (programming language)
Wikipedia - GEO-2000 -- UN environment programme
Wikipedia - George Spelvin -- Traditional pseudonym used in programs in American theater
Wikipedia - GEOS-3 -- The third and final satellite of NASA's Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite/Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite program
Wikipedia - Geotraces -- International research programme to improve understanding of biogeochemical cycles in the oceans
Wikipedia - German nuclear weapons program -- World War II weapons project
Wikipedia - German space programme -- German government program
Wikipedia - Germany's Most Beautiful Railways -- German night-time television program
Wikipedia - Gervase Markham (programmer) -- British software engineer for the Mozilla Foundation
Wikipedia - G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero -- Television program and line of toys
Wikipedia - Gina D's Kids Club -- American educational children's television program
Wikipedia - Girls Nation -- Civic training program
Wikipedia - Girl Talk Inc. -- Nternational student-to-student mentoring program
Wikipedia - Glen Kuban -- American computer programmer and independent investigator
Wikipedia - Global Drifter Program -- Collecting measurements of surface ocean currents, sea surface temperature and sea-level atmospheric pressure using drifters
Wikipedia - Global Sea Level Observing System -- An Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission program to measure sea level globally for long-term climate change studies
Wikipedia - Global Telecoms Exploitation -- Alleged British mass surveillance programme
Wikipedia - Global Volcanism Program -- American research program
Wikipedia - Glob (programming)
Wikipedia - Glow Up -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - GM-CM-^VKTUM-DM-^^ -- Turkish air-to-air missile program
Wikipedia - GMT (TV programme) -- News programme
Wikipedia - GNAT Programming Studio
Wikipedia - GNU Linear Programming Kit
Wikipedia - GNU Readline -- Software library that provides line-editing and history capabilities for interactive programs with a command-line interface
Wikipedia - GOAL agent programming language
Wikipedia - Goal programming -- Branch of multiobjective optimization
Wikipedia - Godesberg Program -- 1959 German Social Democratic Party platform
Wikipedia - Gofer (programming language)
Wikipedia - Golden Age of Television (2000s-present) -- Period beginning in the late 1990s or early 2000s, seeing a large number of internationally-acclaimed television programs, particularly from the United States
Wikipedia - Golden Oldies (TV program) -- South Korean television series
Wikipedia - Goldwell Open Air Museum -- Sculpture park and artist residency program
Wikipedia - Golly (program) -- Tool for simulating cellular automata
Wikipedia - GOLOG -- High-level logic programming language
Wikipedia - Good Day L.A. -- Morning television news and entertainment program in Los Angeles
Wikipedia - Good Day! (TV program) -- American morning television program
Wikipedia - Good Game (TV program) -- Australian video game review television series
Wikipedia - Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme) -- British breakfast programme, broadcast on weekdays from 6:00am to 8:55am on ITV
Wikipedia - Good Night, Little Ones! -- 1964 Russian children's television programme
Wikipedia - Google Earth -- 3D globe-based map program owned by Google
Wikipedia - Google Fonts -- An interactive directory of free hosted application programming interfaces for web fonts
Wikipedia - Google Get Your Business Online -- Program
Wikipedia - Google Santa Tracker -- Annual Christmas-themed entertainment program that simulates tracking Santa Claus on Christmas Eve
Wikipedia - Google Summer of Code -- Annual program that offers open-source software projects to post-secondary student developers
Wikipedia - Go Programming Language
Wikipedia - Go programming language
Wikipedia - Go (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Gosu (programming language)
Wikipedia - Gotcha (programming) -- Code that is valid but counter-intuitive
Wikipedia - Goto-less programming
Wikipedia - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize -- Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Wikipedia - Go With Noakes -- BBC Television children's program
Wikipedia - GPSS -- General-purpose programming language
Wikipedia - GPT-2 -- Artificial intelligence program
Wikipedia - Grammar checker -- Computer program that verifies written text for grammatical correctness
Wikipedia - Grammatical Framework -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Grand Tour program -- NASA's cancelled space program intended to explore the outer solar system
Wikipedia - Grannies on Safari -- US television program
Wikipedia - Graphics Layout Engine -- Graphics programming language
Wikipedia - Graphite (SIL) -- Programmable Unicode-compliant smart-font technology and rendering system developed by SIL International as free software
Wikipedia - Grasshopper 3D -- Programming language
Wikipedia - GRASS (programming language)
Wikipedia - Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer -- ESA satellite intended to map in the Earth's gravity field. Part of the Living Planet Programme
Wikipedia - Great Books programs in Canada
Wikipedia - Great Books (TV program) -- 1993 documentary television series
Wikipedia - Great Escape (South Korean TV series) -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Great Society -- Political program launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65
Wikipedia - Great Underwater Wall -- China's military underwater program
Wikipedia - Green New Deal -- Proposed economic stimulus program
Wikipedia - Gremlin (programming language)
Wikipedia - Gridwars -- Programming Contest
Wikipedia - Groovy (programming language)
Wikipedia - GT Academy -- Television programme
Wikipedia - Gtkmm -- Computer Program
Wikipedia - Guido van Rossum -- Dutch programmer and creator of Python
Wikipedia - Guile (programming language)
Wikipedia - Gundam Evolve -- 2004 television programme
Wikipedia - Gunk (media) -- Belgian television program
Wikipedia - H-1A visa -- Discontinued US visa program for foreign nurses
Wikipedia - H-1C visa -- Discontinued US visa program for foreign nurses
Wikipedia - Hacker (programmer subculture)
Wikipedia - Hack (programmer subculture)
Wikipedia - Hack (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - HackTool.Win32.HackAV -- DDfinition from Kaspersky Labs for a program designed to assist hacking
Wikipedia - HAL AMCA -- Indian fifth generation fighter jet development programme
Wikipedia - Halftime Heat -- Professional wrestling Super Bowl counterprogramming that is produced by WWE
Wikipedia - Halide (programming language)
Wikipedia - Halite AI Programming Competition -- contest developed by Two Sigma and Cornell Tech
Wikipedia - Halting problem -- Problem of determining whether a given program will finish running or continue forever
Wikipedia - Hampton Catlin -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Hans Reiser -- American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and convicted murderer
Wikipedia - Happy Land (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Happy Time (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Harbour (programming language) -- Computer programming language
Wikipedia - Harriet Bruce-Annan -- Ghanaian programmer and humanitarian
Wikipedia - Harri Hursti -- Finnish computer programmer
Wikipedia - Haskell programming language
Wikipedia - Haskell (programming language) -- Functional programming language
Wikipedia - Haussmann's renovation of Paris -- Vast public works program commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III between 1853 and 1870
Wikipedia - Hawaii Rainbow Warriors volleyball -- American college volleyball program
Wikipedia - Hawa Mahal (radio program) -- Indian radio show
Wikipedia - Haxe (programming language)
Wikipedia - HBO Now -- American OTT streaming service featuring HBO programming
Wikipedia - Headliner (TV programme) -- Hong Kong news satire television program
Wikipedia - Head Start Program
Wikipedia - Head Start (program)
Wikipedia - Headstart with Karen Davila -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - Head (Unix) -- Program on Unix and Unix-like systems
Wikipedia - Healthy People program -- United States national health promotion goals
Wikipedia - Healthy San Francisco -- Health access program for uninsured residents of San Francisco, California
Wikipedia - Heap (programming)
Wikipedia - Heaven & Earth (TV series) -- Television program
Wikipedia - Helen Crump -- Fictional character on the American television program The Andy Griffith Show
Wikipedia - Hello World program
Wikipedia - Hello world program
Wikipedia - Henriette Avram -- American computer programmer and system analyst
Wikipedia - Henry Mwandumba -- African Professor of Medicine and Deputy Director of the Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome research programme
Wikipedia - Herb Sutter -- US computer programmer and author
Wikipedia - Here and Now (Boston) -- American public radio magazine program
Wikipedia - Heritage Documentation Programs -- Division of the U.S. National Park Service
Wikipedia - Hermes (programming language)
Wikipedia - Hermes program -- United States Army Ordnance Corps rocket program
Wikipedia - Heute-show -- German late-night satirical television program
Wikipedia - Hey! Spring of Trivia -- Japanese television program
Wikipedia - Hezbollah social services -- Social development programs organized by Hezbollah
Wikipedia - Hiatus (television) -- Break in a TV program's schedule
Wikipedia - Hierarchy (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Higher Nationals -- An internationally-recognised higher education programme of qualifications
Wikipedia - Higher order programming
Wikipedia - Higher-order programming
Wikipedia - Higher Power -- Term used in Alcoholics Anonymous and other twelve-step programs
Wikipedia - High-level programming languages
Wikipedia - High-level programming language -- Programming language with strong abstraction from details of hardware
Wikipedia - Hilbert's program
Wikipedia - Hissatsu Shigotonin III -- Japanese television program
Wikipedia - Hissatsu Shigotonin IV -- Japanese television program
Wikipedia - History of Programming Languages
Wikipedia - History of programming languages
Wikipedia - History of Python -- History of the Python programming language
Wikipedia - History of the Dylan programming language
Wikipedia - History of the Scheme programming language
Wikipedia - History's Business -- American television program
Wikipedia - HM-aM-;M-^S Thanh ViM-aM-;M-^Gt -- Vietnamese computer programmer
Wikipedia - Hoc (programming language)
Wikipedia - Hollywood A Go-Go -- US television program
Wikipedia - Hollywood (programming language)
Wikipedia - Hollywood Today Live -- US television news program
Wikipedia - Home & Family -- US television program
Wikipedia - Home-based program -- Home visiting services for young children in the United States
Wikipedia - Home School Hub -- Educational television programme in Ireland
Wikipedia - Hometown Flex -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Homeward Bound (organization) -- Australian leadership program
Wikipedia - Honors colleges and programs -- special accommodation constituent programs at universities
Wikipedia - Hope (programming language)
Wikipedia - Horses Galore -- 1977-1979 BBC1 children's TV programme
Wikipedia - Housing and Home Finance Agency -- Responsible for the housing programs of the United States from 1947-1965
Wikipedia - Houston Automated Spooling Program
Wikipedia - How to Design Programs -- Book by Matthias Felleisen
Wikipedia - HP-15C -- Programmable scientific calculator produce by Hewlett-Packard
Wikipedia - HP-16C -- Programmable calculator produce by Hewlett-Packard
Wikipedia - HP 35s -- Programmable scientific calculator produced by Hewlett-Packard
Wikipedia - HP-65 -- Programmable handheld calculator with magnetic card reader
Wikipedia - HP Multi-Programming Executive
Wikipedia - Human Development Report -- Annual report by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme
Wikipedia - Human Genome Project -- Research program for sequencing the human genome
Wikipedia - Hume (programming language)
Wikipedia - Hypernauts -- US television program
Wikipedia - Ian Sommerville (technician) -- British electronics technician and computer programmer
Wikipedia - IB Diploma Programme -- Educational programme
Wikipedia - IBM 603 -- Control panel programmable electronic calculating card punch
Wikipedia - IBM 604 -- Control panel programmable electronic calculating card punch
Wikipedia - IBM Airline Control Program
Wikipedia - IBM Basic Programming Support
Wikipedia - IBM eFUSE -- Technology to reprogram computer chips.
Wikipedia - IBM High Level Assembler -- Modern assembler for programs on IBM's z/Architecture systems
Wikipedia - IBM mainframe utility programs
Wikipedia - IBM System/34, 36 System Support Program
Wikipedia - IBM System Object Model -- Programming framework
Wikipedia - I Can See You (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - ICI (programming language)
Wikipedia - Icon (programming language)
Wikipedia - Icon programming language
Wikipedia - IDEA-NEW -- USAID program in Afghanistan
Wikipedia - IDL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Idol in Action -- Philippine public service program
Wikipedia - Idol Room -- Television program
Wikipedia - Id (programming language)
Wikipedia - Idris (programming language)
Wikipedia - Igor Pavlov (programmer)
Wikipedia - Illegals Program -- Russian espionage program
Wikipedia - Illinois Veteran Grant -- Government program
Wikipedia - Ilyushin Il-106 PAK VTA -- Russian military program to propose a next-generation heavy military transport aircraft
Wikipedia - Immortal Songs: Singing the Legend -- South Korean television music competition program
Wikipedia - Impact! (TV series) -- American professional wrestling TV program
Wikipedia - Impact Xplosion -- Professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - Imperative programming language
Wikipedia - Imperative programming
Wikipedia - Implicit bias training -- Programs to expose implicit bias and eliminate discriminatory behaviors
Wikipedia - IMP (programming language)
Wikipedia - Imus in the Morning -- US radio program
Wikipedia - In Business Africa -- BBC Africa Programme
Wikipedia - Include directive -- Type of file in computer programming
Wikipedia - Increpare Games -- British video game programmer
Wikipedia - Independent Network News (TV program) -- American syndicated TV news program
Wikipedia - Indexer (programming)
Wikipedia - Indiana Asteroid Program
Wikipedia - Individualized Education Program -- Document that is developed for each public school child in the U.S. who needs special education
Wikipedia - Induced stem cells -- Stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming.
Wikipedia - Induction programme
Wikipedia - Inductive functional programming
Wikipedia - Inductive Logic Programming
Wikipedia - Inductive logic programming
Wikipedia - Inductive programming
Wikipedia - Inferential programming
Wikipedia - Infinite Flight -- 2011 flight simulator computer program
Wikipedia - Infinite loop -- Programming idiom
Wikipedia - Information Awareness Office -- DARPA division overseeing the "Total Information Awareness" program
Wikipedia - Inheritance (object-oriented programming) -- The mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object or class retaining similar implementation
Wikipedia - Inheritance (programming)
Wikipedia - Initial Program Load
Wikipedia - Inkigayo -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - InnerChange Freedom Initiative -- Prison Fellowship International program (1997-present)
Wikipedia - Input method -- Operating system component or program that allows any data, such as keyboard strokes or mouse movements, to be received as input
Wikipedia - In Search of History -- US television program
Wikipedia - Inside Edition -- US television program
Wikipedia - Inside MMA -- US television program
Wikipedia - Inside No. 9 -- British dark comedy anthology television program
Wikipedia - Insider Threat Program
Wikipedia - Insight (Australian TV program) -- Australian TV series
Wikipedia - Installation (computer programs) -- Act of making a computer program ready for execution
Wikipedia - Installer (programming language)
Wikipedia - Institution of Analysts and Programmers
Wikipedia - Instituto Antartico Argentino -- Argentinean Antarctic program
Wikipedia - Instruction set architecture -- Set of abstract symbols which describe a computer program's operations to a processor
Wikipedia - Instrumentation (computer programming)
Wikipedia - In-system programming
Wikipedia - Integer linear programming
Wikipedia - Integer programming
Wikipedia - Integral humanism (India) -- Political program adopted in 1965 as the official doctrine of the Jan Sangh
Wikipedia - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program -- Marine research program between 2003-2013 to monitor and sample sub-seafloor environments
Wikipedia - Intensive outpatient programs
Wikipedia - Intensive outpatient program
Wikipedia - Intentional Programming
Wikipedia - Intentional programming
Wikipedia - Interactive programming
Wikipedia - Interactive Telecommunications Program
Wikipedia - INTERCAL -- Esoteric programming language
Wikipedia - Interface-based programming
Wikipedia - Interface (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Interkosmos -- Soviet international spaceflight program
Wikipedia - InterMapper -- Network mapping program
Wikipedia - International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
Wikipedia - International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
Wikipedia - International Conference on Functional Programming
Wikipedia - International Emmy Kids Awards -- Children's television programming award
Wikipedia - International Institute of Tropical Forestry -- Program of the United States Forest Service
Wikipedia - International Obfuscated C Code Contest -- Computer programming contest
Wikipedia - International Ocean Discovery Program -- An international marine research collaboration for drilling, coring, and monitoring the subseafloor
Wikipedia - International Social Survey Programme
Wikipedia - International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board -- The highest-level cooperative body in the International Space Station programme
Wikipedia - International Space Station programme -- Ongoing space research program
Wikipedia - Internet Server Application Programming Interface
Wikipedia - Interprocedural optimization -- Computer program optimization method
Wikipedia - Interrupt request (PC architecture) -- Hardware signal sent to a processor to interrupt a running program and handle input
Wikipedia - Introduction of species to Mana Island -- New Zealand ecological restoration programme
Wikipedia - In Tune (radio programme) -- British music radio programme
Wikipedia - Invariant based programming
Wikipedia - Inversion of control -- Software programming technique
Wikipedia - Io (programming language)
Wikipedia - Io programming language
Wikipedia - Iowa Writers' Workshop -- MFA degree granting program
Wikipedia - IPPOLIT -- Open-source chess program
Wikipedia - IRC bot -- Set of scripts or an independent program that connects to Internet Relay Chat as a client
Wikipedia - Is This Rape?: Sex on Trial -- television programme
Wikipedia - ISyllabus -- Five year Islamic studies programme in the UK
Wikipedia - Iterator -- In computing, an object that enables a programmer to traverse a container, particularly lists
Wikipedia - It's Garry Shandling's Show -- American television program
Wikipedia - It Takes a Thief (2005 TV series) -- US television program
Wikipedia - IUPUI Jaguars -- Sports program
Wikipedia - I Want To Be a Hilton -- US television program
Wikipedia - Jaan Tallinn -- Estonian programmer and investor
Wikipedia - Jackson Structured Programming
Wikipedia - Jackson structured programming
Wikipedia - JADE (programming language)
Wikipedia - Jade Wang -- American computer programmer and neuroscientist
Wikipedia - Jaikoz -- Java tagging program
Wikipedia - Jakarta Servlet -- Jakarta EE programming language class
Wikipedia - Jalonne White-Newsome -- American program officer and lecturer.
Wikipedia - James D. Sachs -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jamie & Jimmy's Friday Night Feast -- British television programme
Wikipedia - Janus (concurrent constraint programming language)
Wikipedia - Japanese space program
Wikipedia - Japan Railway Journal -- Japanese TV program
Wikipedia - Jason Spisak -- American voice actor and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Java applet -- Discontinued way to run small Java programs in browsers
Wikipedia - Java (Programming Language)
Wikipedia - Java (Programming language)
Wikipedia - Java (programming language)
Wikipedia - Java programming language
Wikipedia - JavaScript (programming language)
Wikipedia - JavaScript -- High-level programming language
Wikipedia - Jean Bartik -- American ENIAC computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jean-loup Gailly -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jed McCaleb -- American banker, programmer and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Jeff Randall Live -- Former television business news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Jeremie Miller -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jeremy Ashkenas -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jerry Yang -- computer programmer and Founder of Yahoo!
Wikipedia - Jesse Vincent -- Businessperson and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jessie MacWilliams -- Mathematician, programmer
Wikipedia - Jess (programming language)
Wikipedia - Jeugdjournaal -- Dutch television news program
Wikipedia - JFreeChart -- open-source framework for the programming language Java
Wikipedia - Jim Gettys -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jim Hall (computer programmer) -- American programmer and FreeDOS founder
Wikipedia - Jim Kent -- American research scientist and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jim Weirich -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - JiveBop TV Dance Party -- American TV program
Wikipedia - JJ Zhuang -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Joao Branco -- French-born Portuguese theatrical actor and reviewer, professor, and programmer
Wikipedia - Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training program -- Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Wikipedia - Joe Armstrong (programmer) -- British computer scientist
Wikipedia - Joe Armstrong (programming)
Wikipedia - Joe Hewitt (programmer) -- Software programmer
Wikipedia - John Carmack -- American computer programmer, engineer, and businessman
Wikipedia - John Chambers (programmer)
Wikipedia - John Harris (software developer) -- Computer programmer, hacker and software developer
Wikipedia - John McAfee -- American computer programmer and businessman
Wikipedia - Johnson-McConnell agreement of 1966 -- US Army and Air Force agreement on aircraft programs
Wikipedia - John Walker (programmer)
Wikipedia - John Warnock -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - John W. Cowan -- American programmer
Wikipedia - Joint Combat Pistol -- Cancelled US program for a new military sidearm
Wikipedia - Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action -- International agreement on the nuclear program of Iran
Wikipedia - Joint Global Ocean Flux Study -- An international research programme on the fluxes of carbon between the atmosphere and ocean, and within the ocean interior
Wikipedia - Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation -- United Nations mechanism tasked with monitoring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal Number 6
Wikipedia - Joint technological education district -- Special school district in Arizona offering career and technical education programs
Wikipedia - Jonathan Alexander (computer programmer) -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jonathan Blow -- American game designer (Braid, The Witness) and programmer (Jai language)
Wikipedia - Jonathan Potter (computer programmer)
Wikipedia - Jonathan Zarra -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Jon Hall (programmer) -- Programmer and major contributor to the Linux project
Wikipedia - Josephine Jue -- Chinese-American mathematician and programmer
Wikipedia - Josh Gare -- English computer programmer
Wikipedia - Joule (programming language)
Wikipedia - Journal of Functional Programming
Wikipedia - Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming
Wikipedia - Joyce (programming language)
Wikipedia - Joy (programming language)
Wikipedia - J (programming language)
Wikipedia - JRT (programming language) -- Pascal programming language implementation
Wikipedia - JScript .NET -- Programming language developed by Microsoft
Wikipedia - JSFuck -- Esoteric programming language that uses 6 characters to write all JavaScript code
Wikipedia - Julian Le Fay -- Video game programmer
Wikipedia - Julia (programming language)
Wikipedia - Junior Cycle -- Educational programme for Irish second-level schools
Wikipedia - Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps -- US military program
Wikipedia - Just another Perl hacker -- Frivolous Perl program
Wikipedia - Justice League Action -- Animated television program
Wikipedia - Justin Frankel -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - K-25 -- Manhattan Project codename for a program to produce enriched uranium
Wikipedia - KaBlam! -- American animated sketch comedy television series programming block
Wikipedia - Kaleidoscope (UK radio series) -- BBC Radio 4 arts programme
Wikipedia - Kandi's Ski Trip -- US television program
Wikipedia - Kansas City Roos -- Athletic program of the University of Missouri-Kansas City
Wikipedia - Karel (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Karlsbader Programm -- Political demands by Sudeten German Party in 1938
Wikipedia - Kasie DC -- American news program
Wikipedia - Kathleen Antonelli -- Irish-American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Kazakh space program -- Overview of the space program of Kazakhstan
Wikipedia - KC-X -- A US Defense department procurement program for next generation tanker aircraft
Wikipedia - Kelly Bailey (composer) -- Composer, musician, game designer, sound designer, conceptual artist, and programmer
Wikipedia - Ken Arnold -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Ken Coar -- American software programmer
Wikipedia - Keneally and Cameron -- Australian television news program
Wikipedia - Kenneth Avery -- New Zealand jazz musician, radio programme manager, and songwriter
Wikipedia - Kenneth Williams: Fantabulosa! -- 2006 TV programme, biography
Wikipedia - Ken Thompson (computer programmer)
Wikipedia - Kentucky Bourbon Trail -- Program to promote Kentucky Bourbon industry
Wikipedia - Kerbal Space Program -- space flight simulator game
Wikipedia - KET ED -- Kentucky television programming service
Wikipedia - Keystroke programmable
Wikipedia - Keyword (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Khulta Kali Khulena -- Marathi-language television program
Wikipedia - Kid Pix -- Bitmap drawing program designed for children
Wikipedia - Kids' WB -- American children's programming block
Wikipedia - Killing Hitler -- 2003 British television programme
Wikipedia - King Lear (1983 TV programme)
Wikipedia - King of Mask Singer -- 2015 South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Kit Clayton -- American musician and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Klerer-May System -- Programming language oriented to numerical scientific programming
Wikipedia - KM-EM-^Mhaku Uta Gassen -- Television program
Wikipedia - Knowing Bros -- Television entertainment program
Wikipedia - Knowledge-based programming
Wikipedia - Knowledge-based systems -- Computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems
Wikipedia - Kohsuke Kawaguchi -- Jenkins creator and computer programmer
Wikipedia - KoM-EM-!ice Program -- 1945 agreement between Czechoslovak Communists and the Czechoslovak government-in-exile
Wikipedia - Korean Attack Submarine program -- A three-phased project to build up the Republic of Korea Navy attack submarine arsenal.
Wikipedia - Korean Destroyer eXperimental -- Shipbuilding program by the Republic of Korea Navy.
Wikipedia - Korean television drama -- Television program genre
Wikipedia - Kosmos 133 -- Uncrewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Kosmos 140 -- Soviet uncrewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Kotlin (programming language)
Wikipedia - K (programming language)
Wikipedia - KrisFlyer -- The frequent flyer program of Singapore Airlines
Wikipedia - Kuha Mo! -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - KVN -- Soviet and Russian television program
Wikipedia - KwangmyM-EM-^OngsM-EM-^Ong program -- North Korean satellite program
Wikipedia - Kyekyekule -- Kids Program
Wikipedia - L2 (programming language)
Wikipedia - Label (programming language)
Wikipedia - Label (programming)
Wikipedia - Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular -- US television program
Wikipedia - LaFarr Stuart -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Lafforgue's theorem -- Completes the Langlands program for general linear groups over algebraic function fields
Wikipedia - La Hora Nacional -- Mexican national government radio program
Wikipedia - Lambda (programming)
Wikipedia - Land Arts of the American West -- Field-based art program
Wikipedia - Landmark Worldwide -- Company offering personal development programs
Wikipedia - Landsat 1 -- First satellite of the United States' Landsat program, active 1972-1978
Wikipedia - Langlands program
Wikipedia - Language binding -- Software library that allows using another library coded in another programming language
Wikipedia - Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada -- Canadian language education programme
Wikipedia - Language oriented programming
Wikipedia - Language-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Large-scale Complex IT Systems -- UK research and graduate education programme
Wikipedia - Larry Ewing -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Larry Kaplan -- American video game designer and programmer
Wikipedia - Larry McVoy -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Larry Wall -- American computer programmer and author
Wikipedia - Lars Bak (computer programmer) -- Danish computer programmer
Wikipedia - Lasso (programming language)
Wikipedia - Later... with Jools Holland -- British contemporary music television programme
Wikipedia - Laura Ayres -- Portuguese virologist and head of National Programme to combat AIDS
Wikipedia - Lauren McCarthy -- American artist and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Lava (programming language)
Wikipedia - La Voz Colombia -- Television program
Wikipedia - Lazy loading -- Design pattern in computer programming
Wikipedia - LazyTown -- English-Icelandic children's television program
Wikipedia - Lead programmer
Wikipedia - League for Programming Freedom -- Organization
Wikipedia - League (non-profit) -- Nonprofit, school and web-based program
Wikipedia - Lee Daniel Crocker -- American software programmer
Wikipedia - Lee Kyu-yeon's Spotlight -- South Korean investigative journalism program airing on JTBC
Wikipedia - Legal clinic -- Legal aid or law school program providing services
Wikipedia - Lego Ideas -- Online program by Danish toy manufacturer LEGO
Wikipedia - Le Grand Journal (French TV program) -- French TV program
Wikipedia - Lemelson-MIT Program
Wikipedia - Lemuel Davis -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Lend-Lease -- WW2 program to provide US allies with free armaments
Wikipedia - Length of service award program -- Pension-like reward program
Wikipedia - Lenin was a mushroom -- 1991 television programme
Wikipedia - Le Point (TV series) -- Former Radio-Canada current affairs program
Wikipedia - Les Coeurs brM-CM-;lM-CM-)s (miniseries) -- French television program
Wikipedia - Leslie Benzies -- Scottish computer programmer and businessman
Wikipedia - Level Crossing Removal Project -- Infrastructure program of the government of Victoria, Australia
Wikipedia - Lexico programming language
Wikipedia - Lex programming tool
Wikipedia - LFE (programming language)
Wikipedia - Liaison Committee on Medical Education -- Accrediting body for educational programs at schools of medicine in the United States and Canada
Wikipedia - Liberal arts education -- Traditional academic program in Western higher education
Wikipedia - Library (computing) -- Collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development.
Wikipedia - Libratus -- Artificial intelligence poker playing computer program
Wikipedia - License Program Product
Wikipedia - Li-Chen Wang -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Life Bar -- Korean television entertainment program
Wikipedia - Light entertainment -- Term, classification used to describe a broad range of television and radio programming that includes comedies, variety shows, game shows, quiz shows
Wikipedia - Lightweight programming language
Wikipedia - Limbo (programming language)
Wikipedia - Linda Liukas -- Finnish programming instructor and children's writer
Wikipedia - Linear-fractional programming (LFP)
Wikipedia - Linear genetic programming
Wikipedia - Linear programming relaxation
Wikipedia - Linear programming -- Method to solve some optimization problems
Wikipedia - Lingo (programming language)
Wikipedia - Lint programming tool
Wikipedia - Lip Sync Battle Shorties -- US television program
Wikipedia - Liskov substitution principle -- Object-oriented programming principle
Wikipedia - LISP and Functional Programming
Wikipedia - LISP programming language
Wikipedia - Lisp programming language
Wikipedia - Lisp (programming language) -- Programming language family
Wikipedia - LIS (programming language)
Wikipedia - List of 20th Television programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of accredited respiratory therapist programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA -- Space program administrator
Wikipedia - List of Amazon original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of American public access television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of American television programs by debut date -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of American television programs currently in production -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of American television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Animal Planet original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Apollo missions -- The missions and test flights of NASA's Apollo Program
Wikipedia - List of Apple TV+ original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Arctic research programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of audio programming languages -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of BBC Radio programmes adapted for television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of BBC television programming
Wikipedia - List of Blue Peter presenters -- List of presenters of the British television programme
Wikipedia - List of British television programmes -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Burger King ad programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of C-based programming languages
Wikipedia - List of CBS All Access original programming -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of C-family programming languages -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Chinese television programs by date -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Coke Studio (Pakistani TV program) episodes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs by U.S. state -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Alabama -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Alaska -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Arizona -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Arkansas -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in California -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Colorado -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Connecticut -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Delaware -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Florida -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Georgia (U.S. state) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Hawaii -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Idaho -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Illinois -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Indiana -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Iowa -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Kansas -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Kentucky -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Louisiana -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Maine -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Maryland -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Massachusetts -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Michigan -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Minnesota -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Mississippi -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Missouri -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Montana -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Nebraska -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Nevada -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in New Hampshire -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in New Jersey -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in New Mexico -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in New York -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in North Carolina -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in North Dakota -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Ohio -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Oklahoma -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Oregon -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Pennsylvania -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Puerto Rico -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Rhode Island -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in South Carolina -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in South Dakota -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Tennessee -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Texas -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Utah -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Vermont -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Virginia -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Washington, D.C. -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Washington (state) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in West Virginia -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Wisconsin -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of college athletic programs in Wyoming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of comedy and variety television programs with LGBT cast members -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of concurrent and parallel programming languages -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of constraint programming languages
Wikipedia - List of Crackle original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of current youth hearing conservation programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Czech television programmes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of DIC programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Discovery Channel original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Disney+ original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Disney TV programming blocks -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of disorders included in newborn screening programs -- A list of disorders included in newborn screening programs
Wikipedia - List of DreamWorks Animation programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of dystopian music, TV programs, and games -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of E City programmes in 2013 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of educational programming languages -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of ended Netflix original programming -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of engineering programs in the California State University -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of entertainment news programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Eros Now original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of events broadcast on Wide World of Sports (American TV program) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Explorers Program missions -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Facebook Watch original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of fantasy television programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of fashion education programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of films and TV programs containing corporal punishment scenes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of films based on television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Food Network original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of former programs broadcast on Rede Globo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of free-to-air programmes broadcast by Discovery New Zealand -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of frequent flyer programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of functional programming topics -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of gifted and talented programmes
Wikipedia - List of Globoplay original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of GMTV programmes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of government animal eradication programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of HBO Max original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of HBO original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of homeschooling programmes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of honors programs and colleges in the United States -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of horror television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of hospice programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Hotstar original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Hulu original programming -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of human spaceflight programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of human spaceflights by program
Wikipedia - List of In Our Time programmes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of international specialty programme premieres on Australian television in 2010 -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of iQIYI original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of ITV Breakfast programmes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Japanese television programs by date -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of late-night American network TV programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Launch Services Program launches -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Le original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Lifetime original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Lionsgate Television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Lisp-family programming languages -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Living Treasures of Hawaii -- Program by the Buddhist temple Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii to honor Hawaii residents
Wikipedia - List of logic programming languages
Wikipedia - List of longest-running radio programmes -- Regular broadcasts made for decades
Wikipedia - List of longest-running UK television programmes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of medical drama television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of MGM Television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Microsoft Windows application programming interfaces and frameworks -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of most-listened-to radio programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Nat Geo Wild original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Nelvana programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Netflix original programming -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Neuro-linguistic programming topics
Wikipedia - List of news and information television programs featuring LGBT subjects -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Nick Jr. original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of object-oriented programming languages -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of object-oriented programming terms
Wikipedia - List of OHSAA lacrosse champions -- OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs
Wikipedia - List of old-time radio programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of open-source programming languages
Wikipedia - List of original programs distributed by Apple
Wikipedia - List of original programs distributed by MySpaceTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Philippine television programs by date -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmers -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by 8TV (Malaysian TV network) -- Television programmes broadcast by 8TV Malaysia
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by And TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Astro Bella -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Astro Ceria -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Bravo -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Cartoon Network (India) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Cartoon Network (UK & Ireland) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by CBeebies -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Challenge -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Channel 5 (Singapore) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Channel One -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Channel U (Singapore) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Channel V -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by CITV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by CNA -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Colors Tamil -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Comedy Central (British TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Discovery Home & Health -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Disney Channel (Indian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Disney XD (British and Irish TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by E4 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Fox (Italian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by FX (Italian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Hungama TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Joi -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Korean Broadcasting System -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Mediacorp Channel 8 -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Media Nusantara Citra -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by MTV (India) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Mya -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Nickelodeon (India) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Nickelodeon (UK and Ireland) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Nick Jr. (UK and Ireland) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Nicktoons (UK and Ireland) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by ntv7 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by RTE 2 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Sky One -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Sky Witness -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by StarPlus -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Star World -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Steel -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Syfy (British and Irish TV channel) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Telefis Eireann -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by TG4 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by TV2 (Malaysia) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by TV 2 (Norway) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by TV3 (Malaysia) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by TV9 (Malaysia) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by tvN (Asia) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by TVNZ -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Urdu 1 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Virgin Media Television (Ireland) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programmes broadcast by Zindagi TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programming broadcast by Colors Rishtey -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programming language researchers -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programming languages by type -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programming languages for artificial intelligence -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programming languages -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programming syndicated by iHeartMedia -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by ABS-CBN Sports and Action -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by AksyonTV/5 Plus -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by Asianovela Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by DZRH-TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by Fox Filipino -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by GMA Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by Hero -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by Light TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by People's Television Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by Q/GMA News TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by Studio 23 -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by TeleRadyo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by TV5 (Philippine TV network) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by 2x2 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by A2Z (Philippine TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by A&E -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ABC Spark -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ABC Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ABC
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN Sports and Action -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by A-Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Adult Swim -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by A Kids Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Alpha TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Alter Channel -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by AMC -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by American Broadcasting Company -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Animax -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ANT1 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Antena 3 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Antenna TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Arirang TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Armenia TV and Armenia Premium -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Arutz HaYeladim -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ARY Digital -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ARY Zindagi -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Asian Food Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Asianovela Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Audience -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Azteca AmM-CM-)rica -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Bang Bang -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by BBC America -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by BBC Canada -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by BEAM TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by BET -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by BiteTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Boomerang in the UK -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Boomerang (Latin American TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Boomerang (Southeast Asia) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Boomerang -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Bravo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Buzzr -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Canal 9 Denmark -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Canal 9 Norway -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Canal Sony (Latin America) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CaribVision -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Cartoon Network (Latin America) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Cartoon Network (South Korea) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Cartoon Network -- Programs airing on the U.S. channel
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CBC Television -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CBS -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Channel 1 (Israel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Channel 2 (Israeli TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Channel 31 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Chiller -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Cinemax -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Citytv -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by C More -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CMT (Canadian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CMT -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CNBC -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CNN Philippines -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CNN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Colors -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Comedy Central -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Comedy Gold -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Cooking Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Cosmopolitan TV (Canadian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Create -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CTV and CTV 2 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CTV Comedy Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by CyBC -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by DD National -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Decades -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by DejaView -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Discovery Family -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Discovery Kids (Latin American TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel (Canadian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel (Latin America) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel (Portuguese TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel (Scandinavian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Disney Junior -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Disney XD -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by DTour -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Dubai One -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by DZBB -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by DZRH/DZRH News Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by E! (Canadian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by E! (Canadian TV system) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Echorouk TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Epix -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ESPN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Esquire Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by ETC -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by E! -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Family Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by FEM -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Food Network (Canadian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Fox Business -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Fox Channel Asia -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Fox Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Fox Kids -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Fox News -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Fox (Turkish TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Fox -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by France 2 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Freeform -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Fuse -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by FX (Canadian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by FX -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by FXX -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by G4 (Canadian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by G4 -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Game Show Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Geo Kahani -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Geo TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Global Reality Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Global -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by GMA Life TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by GMA Network -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by GMA News TV International -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by GMA News TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by GMA Pinoy TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Great American Country -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Hallmark Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by HGTV (Canadian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by History (American TV network) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by History (Canadian TV network) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Hum Sitaray -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Ici Radio-Canada TM-CM-)lM-CM-) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by IFC -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Imagine TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by INC TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by independent stations -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Investigation Discovery -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Ion Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Jack TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Jaya TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Jeepney TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Jetix (block) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Jetix -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Joytv -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by JTBC -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Kalaignar TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Kapamilya Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Kentucky Educational Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Keshet International -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Kids' WB -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Knowledge Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Knowledge Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Life OK -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Light TV -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by M3 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Max (Norwegian TV channel) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MBC 4 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MBC TV -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by M-CM-^Gufo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Mediacorp Vasantham -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Mega Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Metro Channel -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MeTV -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Middle East Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Minimax -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MSNBC -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MTV2 (Canada) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MTV2 -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MTV Australia -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MTV Brasil -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MTV (Canada) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MTV Classic -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Much -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Multishow -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MundoMax -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by MyNetworkTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Mzansi Magic -- List of TV programs
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by NBCSN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by NBC -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nepal Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Net 25 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Network 10 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nick at Nite -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon (Brazil) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon (Canada) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon (Latin America) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon (Pakistan) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon (Southeast Asia) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nicktoons -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Nine Network -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Noggin -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Noovo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by OCN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by OLN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by One Sports -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Oprah Winfrey Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by OUTtv -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Paramount Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by PBS Kids -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by PBS -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by People's Television Network -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Phoenix Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Playhouse Disney -- list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Polsat -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by PolynM-CM-)sie 1ere -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Pop (American TV channel) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Prise 2 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Public Television company of Armenia -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Puthuyugam TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Qubo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Radyo5/One PH -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Raj TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by RCTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by RecordTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Rede Globo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by RedeTV! -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Retro Television Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by RJTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Sahara One -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by SBT -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Science Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Seoul Broadcasting System -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Seven Network -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by SF (Australian TV channel) -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Shakthi TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Showcase -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Sky News Live -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Slice -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Sonshine Media Network International -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Sony SAB -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Spacetoon -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Special Broadcasting Service -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Speed -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Spike -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Sportsnet 360 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Star Jalsha -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Star Maa -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Star TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Star Vijay -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Sundance TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Sun TV (India) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Syfy -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Tahiti Nui Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TBD -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TBS -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TeenNick -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Telecinco -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Telemundo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TeleRadyo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Teletoon -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Televen -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Televisa networks -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by The CW Plus -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by The CW -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by The Filipino Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by the Israeli Educational Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by The Pet Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by The WB 100+ Station Group -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by The WB -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by The Weather Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by This TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TNT (American TV network) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Tokyo Broadcasting System Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Toonami -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Toon Disney -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Top Channel -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TRT 1 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by True Crime Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TruTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TSN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV 2 Bliss -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV 2 Zebra -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV3 in Norway -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV5 (Philippine TV network) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVA -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV Azteca networks -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVE -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV Japan -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV Land -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVN 7 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVNorge -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV Nova -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVOKids -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVOne (Pakistan) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TV One -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by TVOntario -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by UniMas -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Univision Puerto Rico -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Univision -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by UNTV -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by UPN -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Up -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by USA Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Venevision -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by VH1 (Europe) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by VH1 -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Viasat 4 -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Vice on TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by VOX -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by WAPA-TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Warner Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by WGN America -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Yes TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Yey! -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by YTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Zee Keralam -- Programs broadcast by Indian television channel Zee Keralam TV
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Zee Tamil (India) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Zee Telugu -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by Zee TV -- Programs broadcast by Indian television channel Zee TV
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcasted by ANT1
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcasted by ERT
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcasted by Mega Channel
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast on bpm:tv -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs distributed by American Public Television -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by CT -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by Metro Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by NBC -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by Net 25 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by Radio Philippines Network -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by RJTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by Southern Broadcasting Network -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs previously broadcast by Yey! -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs produced by ABC Signature -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs shown on the ABS-CBN News Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Program Transformation Systems
Wikipedia - List of Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Quibi original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Rage guest programmers -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of reality television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of reality television programs with LGBT cast members -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of reflective programming languages and platforms -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Russian programmers
Wikipedia - List of satirical television news programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of science fiction television programs by genre -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of science fiction television programs, H -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of science fiction television programs, O -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of science fiction television programs, S -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of science fiction television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Show! Music Core Chart winners (2021) -- Winners of South Korean music program Show! Music Core
Wikipedia - List of Showtime original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Shudder original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Sohu original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Sony Pictures Television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of South of Nowhere characters -- List of characters from the American television program 'South of Nowhere'
Wikipedia - List of special editions of Today (American TV program) -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Starz original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Super Bowl lead-out programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Syfy (French TV channel) programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of televised academic student quiz programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programmes broadcast by ITV2 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programmes broadcast by ITV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programmes broadcast by PTV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC -- Television programmes broadcast by the BBC
Wikipedia - List of television programmes broadcast by TVB -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programmes broadcast by ViuTVsix -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programmes set, produced or filmed in Manchester -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: A -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs based on comics -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs based on films -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs based on Hasbro properties
Wikipedia - List of television programs broadcast by Logo -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs broadcast by LRT -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs broadcast by Xbox Live -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: B -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs by episode count -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: C -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: D -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: E -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: F -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: G -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: H -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: I-J -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs in which one character was played by multiple actors -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: K-L -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: M -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: numbers -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: N -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: O -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: P -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: Q-R -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: S -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: T -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs: U-V-W -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of television programs
Wikipedia - List of television programs: X-Y-Z -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of The Den programmes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of The Jack Benny Program episodes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of The Sarah Silverman Program episodes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of TLC original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Travel Channel original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of UK radio programmes -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of uncrewed spacecraft by program -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Universal Television programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Unix programs
Wikipedia - List of unmanned spacecraft by program
Wikipedia - List of ViacomCBS television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of WarnerMedia television programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Washington Journal programs aired in April 1995 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Washington Journal programs aired in February 1995 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Washington Journal programs aired in January 1995 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Washington Journal programs aired in March 1995 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Washington Journal programs aired in May 1995 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of WildBrain programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of WWE broadcasters -- WWE television programs
Wikipedia - List of WWE Raw special episodes -- Special episodes of WWE's professional wrestling television program WWE Raw
Wikipedia - List of WWE SmackDown on-air personalities -- Personalities on WWE's television program SmackDown
Wikipedia - List of WWE television programming -- Former and current professional wrestling programs produced by WWE/WWF
Wikipedia - List of Xbox Entertainment Studios original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Yahoo! Screen original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Youku original programming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of YouTube Premium original programming -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Lists of college soccer programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - Lists of programming languages -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - Lists of space programs -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - Lists of television programs by episode count -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - Lists of television programs -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Lists of television programs with LGBT characters -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - Literal (computer programming) -- Notation for representing a fixed value in source code
Wikipedia - Literate Programming
Wikipedia - Literate programming
Wikipedia - Little b (programming language)
Wikipedia - Little Forest (TV series) -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Live at Five (Sky News programme) -- Former early evening television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Live Rescue -- American reality television program
Wikipedia - Living It Up (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Living with the Enemy (radio programme) -- BBC Radio 4 sitcom written by and starring Nick Revell and Gyles Brandreth
Wikipedia - Ljubav, navika, panika -- Servian sitcom television program
Wikipedia - Llovizna (TV series) -- Venezuelan television program
Wikipedia - LLVM -- Compiler backend for multiple programming languages
Wikipedia - Local Committees for Supply and Production -- A government-sponsored food distribution program in Venezuela
Wikipedia - Local technical assistance program -- US Federal Highway Administration technology transfer program
Wikipedia - Location-based service -- General class of computer program-level services that use location data to control features
Wikipedia - Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander -- Concept lunar lander for Artemis program
Wikipedia - LOGCAP -- Contingency program administered by the US Army
Wikipedia - Logical address -- Address at which an item appears to reside from the perspective of an executing application program
Wikipedia - Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning
Wikipedia - Logicism -- Programme in the philosophy of mathematics
Wikipedia - Logic Programming Associates
Wikipedia - Logic Programming
Wikipedia - Logic programming -- Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Wikipedia - Logic Theorist -- 1956 computer program written by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon and Cliff Shaw
Wikipedia - Logo programming language
Wikipedia - Logo (programming language) -- Computer programming language
Wikipedia - Logtalk (programming language)
Wikipedia - Loneliness Can Kill -- Hong Kong television programme, first broadcast in 2020
Wikipedia - Lorraine (TV programme)
Wikipedia - Los Angeles Police Department Cadet Program -- Cadet program of the LAPD
Wikipedia - Lost in Transmission -- US television program
Wikipedia - Love Bug (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Lovely Day (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Love to Love (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Low-level programming language
Wikipedia - Low-threshold treatment programs
Wikipedia - Loyalty program -- Customer loyalty programs (loyalty cards)
Wikipedia - LPC (programming language)
Wikipedia - L. Peter Deutsch -- Programmer of free software and creator of Ghostscript
Wikipedia - LSE (programming language)
Wikipedia - LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers -- Athletic program of Louisiana State University
Wikipedia - Lua programming language
Wikipedia - Lua (programming language) -- Lightweight programming language
Wikipedia - Lucha Capital -- Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide professional wrestling Facebook Watch program
Wikipedia - Lucid (programming language)
Wikipedia - Lucy Gilbert -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Ludvig Strigeus -- Swedish computer programmer
Wikipedia - Luis Villa -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Luna 9 -- Uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme
Wikipedia - Luna-Glob -- Moon exploration programme by the Russian Federal Space Agency
Wikipedia - Lunar escape systems -- Series of proposed emergency spacecraft for the Apollo Program
Wikipedia - Lunokhod programme -- Soviet moon rover program
Wikipedia - Lustre (programming language)
Wikipedia - Lustre programming language
Wikipedia - Lyceum movement -- US series of organizations sponsoring public education programs and entertainments
Wikipedia - Lynn Abbey -- American computer programmer and author
Wikipedia - MacArthur Fellows Program -- A prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
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Wikipedia - MAD (programming language)
Wikipedia - MAD programming language
Wikipedia - Madrid Nuevo Norte -- Urban redevelopment programme in Madrid, Spain
Wikipedia - Magic number (programming)
Wikipedia - Magic: The Gathering Judge Program
Wikipedia - Magnet (children's television block) -- American former children's programming block
Wikipedia - Magnet Schools Assistance Program -- administered federal grants program
Wikipedia - Main function (programming)
Wikipedia - Making-of -- documentary film that features the production of a film or television program
Wikipedia - Malbolge -- Esoteric programming language created in 1998
Wikipedia - Managed alcohol program
Wikipedia - Manam Pole Mangalyam -- Malayalam-language television program
Wikipedia - Man and the Biosphere Programme -- UNESCO conservation programme
Wikipedia - Manchester Baby -- First electronic stored-program computer, 1948
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Wikipedia - Manchester Mark 1 -- English stored-program computer, 1949
Wikipedia - Map (parallel programming)
Wikipedia - Margaret Helen Harper -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Margaret Marrs -- English computer programmer
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Wikipedia - Marine Artillery Scout Observer Course -- Training program in the United States Marine Corps
Wikipedia - Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
Wikipedia - Marine Corps Musician Enlistment Option Program -- Organizaitonal body for Marine bands
Wikipedia - Mariner program -- NASA space program
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Wikipedia - Mark Allen (software developer) -- American software engineer, game programmer, and game designer
Wikipedia - Mark Delany -- Australian computer programmer
Wikipedia - Market Edge -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - Marketplace (radio program) -- American radio program
Wikipedia - Mark Harris (programmer) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Mark Kilgard -- American computer programmer
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Wikipedia - Marlin Eller -- American programmer
Wikipedia - Mars program
Wikipedia - Martha Stewart Living -- Magazine and former television program
Wikipedia - Martin Bryant (programmer)
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Wikipedia - Mary (programming language)
Wikipedia - Mary Tyler Moore: The 20th Anniversary Show -- US television program
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Wikipedia - MasterChef Myanmar -- Burmese television program
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Wikipedia - Master Control Program
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Wikipedia - Master Raindrop -- Animated television program
Wikipedia - Matanglawin (TV program) -- Weekly science-environmental educational show
Wikipedia - Material World (radio programme)
Wikipedia - Maternity home -- Housing program for pregnant women
Wikipedia - Mathematical Programming Society
Wikipedia - Mathematical programming
Wikipedia - Mathematics, Engineering, Science Achievement -- Academic preparation program for pre-college
Wikipedia - Mathletics (educational software) -- Mathematics education program
Wikipedia - Mathspace -- Online mathematics education program
Wikipedia - MATLAB -- Numerical computing environment and programming language
Wikipedia - Matrix Template Library -- Linear algebra library for C++ programs
Wikipedia - Matthew Garrett -- Irish computer programmer
Wikipedia - Matthew Haughey -- American programmer, web designer, and blogger
Wikipedia - Matthew Smith (games programmer)
Wikipedia - Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing -- Application software program designed to teach touch typing
Wikipedia - Maxime Faget -- American engineer in NASA manned spaceflight programs
Wikipedia - Max (software) -- Visual programming language
Wikipedia - Mayday (Canadian TV series) -- Canadian documentary television programme
Wikipedia - Maynila (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - M-BM-?QuiM-CM-)n Tiene la Razon? -- US television program
Wikipedia - M-BM-!QuM-CM-) chulada! (TV program) -- Mexican talk show
Wikipedia - McMaster Institute of Environment and Health -- Special program at McMaster University
Wikipedia - M-CM-^Gok Guzel Hareketler 2 -- Turkish TV program
Wikipedia - M-CM-^]mir Vigfusson -- Icelandic computer programmer
Wikipedia - M Countdown -- South Korean music television program
Wikipedia - MDL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Measuring programming language popularity
Wikipedia - MediaInfo -- Cross-platform and open-source program that displays technical information about media files.
Wikipedia - Medicaid -- United States social health care program for families and individuals with limited resources
Wikipedia - Medical drama -- television program or film present around medical environments such as hospitals and other medical institutions
Wikipedia - Medical prescription -- Health-care program implemented by a physician
Wikipedia - Medical Scientist Training Program -- MD-PhD training programs
Wikipedia - Medicare (United States) -- United States single-payer national social insurance program
Wikipedia - Medium Rare (radio show) -- Canadian radio program
Wikipedia - Meet the Masters -- American classical music television program
Wikipedia - Meet the Press -- American television program
Wikipedia - MeHayom LeMahar -- Israeli television news program
Wikipedia - MeleTOP -- Malaysian television programme
Wikipedia - Melodifestivalen 1973 -- 1973 Swedish television program
Wikipedia - Mel Phillips (radio programmer) -- American radio programmer
Wikipedia - Memory of the World Programme -- UNESCO initiative to preserve documentary items
Wikipedia - Menu (computing) -- List of options or commands within a computer program
Wikipedia - Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano -- Program to integrate the stock exchange markets of Chile, Colombia and Peru
Wikipedia - Mercury (programming language)
Wikipedia - Mercury programming language
Wikipedia - Merlin (2008 TV series) -- 2008 British fantasy-adventure television programme
Wikipedia - Mesa (programming language)
Wikipedia - Messaging Application Programming Interface
Wikipedia - MESSENGER -- Seventh mission of the Discovery program; orbital reconnaissance of the planet Mercury (2004-2015)
Wikipedia - Metacharacter -- Character that has a special meaning to a computer program
Wikipedia - MetaPost -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Metaprogramming
Wikipedia - METCO -- Voluntary desegration program in Boston
Wikipedia - Method (computer programming) -- Computer function or subroutine that is tied to a particular instance or class
Wikipedia - Method (Godhead) -- Programmer, bassist and keyboard player for rock band Godhead
Wikipedia - Method overriding (programming)
Wikipedia - Method (programming)
Wikipedia - Methods of neuro-linguistic programming
Wikipedia - MFi Program -- Licensing program for peripherals for iPod, iPad and iPhone
Wikipedia - Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang (TV program) -- 2007 Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Michael Abrash -- Game programmer and technical writer
Wikipedia - Michael Holve -- American author, photographer, programmer and Linux practitioner
Wikipedia - Michael J. Ryan (doctor) -- Irish doctor and Chief Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme
Wikipedia - Michael Osinski -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Michael Sperberg-McQueen -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Michael Widenius -- Finnish software programmer
Wikipedia - Mick West -- Science writer, skeptical investigator, and retired programmer
Wikipedia - Microelectronics Education Programme
Wikipedia - Microprogramming
Wikipedia - Microprogram
Wikipedia - Micro-series -- Brief episodic programming on television
Wikipedia - Microsoft Visual Programming Language
Wikipedia - Mighty Jack -- Television program
Wikipedia - Mike Brewer -- British presenter of motoring television programmes
Wikipedia - Mike Shapiro (programmer) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Millennium Leadership Initiative -- Higher education leadership development program
Wikipedia - Million Programme
Wikipedia - Milwaukee Project -- Program designed to improve IQ and scholastic achievement of at-risk children
Wikipedia - Mingalarbar -- Burmese television program
Wikipedia - Minification (programming) -- Removal of unnecessary characters in code without changing its functionality
Wikipedia - Minimalist Program
Wikipedia - Minimalist program -- Linguistic research program proposed by Noam Chomsky
Wikipedia - Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey -- American collegiate women's ice hockey program
Wikipedia - Minuto de Dios -- Colombian religious television program
Wikipedia - Mirah (programming language)
Wikipedia - Miranda (programming language)
Wikipedia - Miranda programming language
Wikipedia - Mirror (programming)
Wikipedia - MissingNo. -- PokM-CM-)mon species caused by a programming error
Wikipedia - Mission 66 -- Program to dramatically expand National Park Service visitor services
Wikipedia - Mission Barrio Adentro -- Bolivarian national social welfare program
Wikipedia - Missouri A+ schools program -- Statewide education reform program in Missouri
Wikipedia - Mitchell-Lama Housing Program -- Housing Program
Wikipedia - MIT Engineers sailing -- College sailing program
Wikipedia - ML programming language
Wikipedia - ML (programming language) -- General purpose functional programming language
Wikipedia - MLW Fusion -- American professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - Moamel Ahmed Shakeer -- Iraqi programmer
Wikipedia - Mobile Electronic Certified Professional -- US certificate of achievement program
Wikipedia - Modbus -- Serial communications protocol mainly developed for programmable logic controllers
Wikipedia - Model Cities Program -- US government social program 1965-1974
Wikipedia - Modified 5th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme -- Japanese armaments expansion plan
Wikipedia - Modularity (programming)
Wikipedia - Modular programming
Wikipedia - Module (programming)
Wikipedia - Mojave Aerospace Ventures -- Aerospace company spun off from research programs of Paul Allen and Burt Rutan
Wikipedia - Molniya-1 No.2 -- First-generation Soviet communication satellite program
Wikipedia - Monad (functional programming) -- Design pattern in functional programming to build generic types
Wikipedia - Monads in functional programming
Wikipedia - Monarch butterfly conservation in California -- Aspect of Californian conservation programs
Wikipedia - Monchhichis (TV series) -- US television program
Wikipedia - Mo'Nique's Fat Chance -- US television program
Wikipedia - Monkey Magic (UK TV series) -- UK television program
Wikipedia - Monosnap -- Screenshot program
Wikipedia - Monte Davidoff -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Monty Taylor -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - MOO (programming language)
Wikipedia - Morning Edition -- American radio news program produced by NPR
Wikipedia - Morning Show (Class FM) -- Hungarian radio program
Wikipedia - Mortified -- Australian television program
Wikipedia - Mosaic: World News from the Middle East -- US television program
Wikipedia - Motiwala Education and Welfare Trust -- Indian educational and welfare program
Wikipedia - Motorcycle Diaries (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - MotorWeek -- American public television program
Wikipedia - Movie4k.to -- User-contributed video directory for television programs and films
Wikipedia - Movie and Television Review and Classification Board -- Philippine government agency for classification of programs and movies
Wikipedia - Movie Talk -- Irish television programme
Wikipedia - MPEG program stream -- A container format for multiplexing digital audio, video and more
Wikipedia - Mr. Bean (character) -- Character in British comedy TV programme
Wikipedia - MSNBC Live -- American television news program
Wikipedia - M Squad -- Television program
Wikipedia - MTV Live (Canadian TV program) -- Former Canadian television program
Wikipedia - MTV Unplugged (Indian TV program) -- Indian music television program
Wikipedia - Muffin the Mule -- British puppet character in children's TV programmes
Wikipedia - MUF (programming language)
Wikipedia - Multi-adjoint logic programming -- Sub-field of logic programming
Wikipedia - Multi expression programming
Wikipedia - Multi-paradigm programming language
Wikipedia - Multi-Programming Executive
Wikipedia - Multiprogramming
Wikipedia - Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks
Wikipedia - Multiprogram Research Facility
Wikipedia - Multistaged programming
Wikipedia - Multithreaded programming
Wikipedia - Murdered by My Boyfriend -- 2014 British television programme directed by Paul Andrew Williams
Wikipedia - MUSCULAR (surveillance program)
Wikipedia - Music & the Spoken Word -- American radio and television program
Wikipedia - Music Macro Language -- Programming language for generating computerized music
Wikipedia - Music programs of South Korea -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Music Under New York -- Part of the Arts & Design program by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Wikipedia - Music While You Work -- Radio programme
Wikipedia - Mya (program) -- Discontinued intelligent personal assistant by Motorola
Wikipedia - My Little Old Boy -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - My Music (radio programme) -- Musical panel game on British radio and television
Wikipedia - MyNetworkTV telenovelas -- US television program
Wikipedia - My Nintendo -- Nintendo loyalty program
Wikipedia - MYSTIC (surveillance program)
Wikipedia - MythBusters Jr. -- Australian-American science entertainment television program
Wikipedia - MythBusters -- Australian-American science entertainment television program
Wikipedia - MyTunes -- Computer program
Wikipedia - NABERS -- Australian government program for energy efficiency rating
Wikipedia - Naim (software) -- Messaging and chat program
Wikipedia - Name resolution (programming languages)
Wikipedia - Naming conventions (programming)
Wikipedia - Nanette Rainone -- American radio presenter and programmer (1942-2016)
Wikipedia - NASA Academy -- Leadership development training program at NASA
Wikipedia - NASA Earth Science -- NASA research program
Wikipedia - Nat Geo Wild -- Global television channel focused on wildlife programming of National Geographic
Wikipedia - Nathan Adams (programmer) -- British video game developer
Wikipedia - National Bible Bowl -- U.S. organization that administers youth bible quizzing programs
Wikipedia - National Coastal Zone Management Program -- Program of the US government
Wikipedia - National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education -- Professional accreditor focused on accrediting teacher education program
Wikipedia - National Council of Schools and Programs of Professional Psychology -- Psychology organizations based in the United States
Wikipedia - National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme (Malaysia)
Wikipedia - National Development Programme in Computer Aided Learning
Wikipedia - National Energy Program -- Energy policy of the Government of Canada from 1980 to 1985
Wikipedia - National Farm Radio Forum -- Canadian radio program
Wikipedia - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey -- Survey research program conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics
Wikipedia - National Hispanic Recognition Program -- Educational organizations based in the United States
Wikipedia - National Incubation Center -- Public-private technology start-up program, Pakistan
Wikipedia - National Merit Scholarship Program -- American academic scholarship competition
Wikipedia - National Oceanographic Partnership Program -- American organization
Wikipedia - National Programme for IT
Wikipedia - National Sea Grant College Program
Wikipedia - National Security Education Program -- US federal government initiative
Wikipedia - National Security Space Launch -- Expendable launch system program of the United States Space Force
Wikipedia - National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program -- Consortia of colleges and universities in the US that conduct space research
Wikipedia - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program -- U.S. no-fault system for litigating vaccine injury claims
Wikipedia - Nationwide (TV programme) -- British news and current affairs programme
Wikipedia - Natural language programming
Wikipedia - Natural-language programming
Wikipedia - Nautical Archaeology Program -- Graduate degree program at Texas A&M University
Wikipedia - NBC Nightly News -- Flagship daily evening television news program for NBC News
Wikipedia - NBC Talknet -- American radio program service
Wikipedia - Necrosis -- Unprogrammed cell death caused by external cell injury
Wikipedia - Needle and syringe programmes -- Method of providing drug users with uninfected equipment
Wikipedia - Needle exchange program
Wikipedia - Neko (programming language)
Wikipedia - NESSIE -- European research program in cryptography, 2000-2003
Wikipedia - Nesting (programming)
Wikipedia - Net metering in Michigan -- State program to encourage to renewable energy generation in Michigan
Wikipedia - Netscape Server Application Programming Interface
Wikipedia - Netwerk -- Dutch television news program
Wikipedia - Network Control Program -- Obsolete program that provided the middle layers of the protocol stack running on host computers of the ARPANET
Wikipedia - Network Crack Program Hacker Group -- Hacker group
Wikipedia - Neuro-linguistic programming bibliography
Wikipedia - Neuro Linguistic Programming
Wikipedia - Neuro-linguistic Programming
Wikipedia - Neurolinguistic Programming
Wikipedia - Neurolinguistic programming
Wikipedia - Neuro-linguistic programming -- Pseudoscientific approach to communication, personal development, and psychotherapy
Wikipedia - New Deal -- Economic programs of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Wikipedia - New Finnish fighter jet procurement programme -- Finnish Air Force procurement project 2015-2030
Wikipedia - New Frontier -- political slogan and the set of policy programs promoted by John F. Kennedy
Wikipedia - New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places -- Government program for historic properties in New Hampshire
Wikipedia - New Haven Harbor Crossing Improvement Program -- Highway construction project
Wikipedia - New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program
Wikipedia - New Partnership for Africa's Development -- Economic development program of the African Union
Wikipedia - News5 -- Program block
Wikipedia - News & Documentary Emmy Award -- American awards for outstanding national television news and documentary programming
Wikipedia - Newscast (podcast) -- BBC podcast and television programme
Wikipedia - Newshub -- New Zealand news TV programme
Wikipedia - News Night (Philippine TV program) -- Nightly newscast
Wikipedia - Newsnight -- Weekday BBC Television current affairs program
Wikipedia - New Sounds (radio program) -- Radio program
Wikipedia - Newspeak (programming language)
Wikipedia - News.PH -- Filipino-language news program
Wikipedia - News presenter -- Person who presents news during a news program
Wikipedia - Newsround -- BBC children's news programme
Wikipedia - News, Sport & Weather -- Former television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - News Stream -- Television program
Wikipedia - News Watch 9 -- Japanese television news program
Wikipedia - Newt (programming library)
Wikipedia - Newyddion -- Welsh-language news program
Wikipedia - New York City Teaching Fellows -- An alternative certification program in New York City public schools
Wikipedia - New Zealand Antarctic Programme
Wikipedia - New Zealand's Top 100 History Makers -- New Zealand weekly television programme
Wikipedia - Next Generation Indie Book Awards -- Largest international awards program for indie authors and independent publishers
Wikipedia - NHK News 7 -- Japanese television news program
Wikipedia - Nick at Nite -- Comedy-oriented nighttime programming block on Nickelodeon
Wikipedia - Nick D'Aloisio -- Programmer, entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Nickelodeon Director's Lab -- Movie-making interactive program
Wikipedia - Nickelodeon (Estonian TV Block) -- Program strand on TV1 in Estonia
Wikipedia - Nick Gerakines -- American writer and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Nick Jr. (TV programming block) -- Programming block on the Nickelodeon television channel
Wikipedia - NickMom -- Former American programming block on Nick Jr.
Wikipedia - Nicky Robinson (game programmer) -- Computer game programmer
Wikipedia - Nieuwsuur -- Dutch television news program
Wikipedia - Night Beat (radio program) -- 1950s radio program
Wikipedia - Nightline (New Zealand TV programme) -- New Zealand late night television news programme
Wikipedia - Nightline -- American late-night news program
Wikipedia - NIL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Nil (programming language)
Wikipedia - Nimbus program -- second-generation U.S. robotic spacecraft
Wikipedia - Nim (programming language)
Wikipedia - Nintendo 64 programming characteristics -- Overview of the programming characteristics of the Nintendo 64
Wikipedia - Nisus Writer -- Word processing program for Apple Macintosh
Wikipedia - NJPW Strong -- New Japan Pro-Wrestling professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - Nl (format) -- File format for presenting and archiving mathematical programming problems
Wikipedia - Nobody's Boy: Remi -- Television program
Wikipedia - Noncommissioned officer candidate course -- US Army noncommissioned officer candidate program
Wikipedia - Nondeterministic programming
Wikipedia - Non-English-based programming languages -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - Nonlinear programming
Wikipedia - Non-strict programming language
Wikipedia - Non-structured programming
Wikipedia - NORAD Tracks Santa -- Annual program around Christmas which simulates the tracking of Santa Claus
Wikipedia - North American collegiate sustainability programs
Wikipedia - Northern State Wolves -- College athletic program
Wikipedia - Northrop YA-9 -- Prototype attack aircraft developed for the US Air Force A-X program
Wikipedia - Northrop YF-23 -- Prototype fighter aircraft for the US Air Force Advanced Tactical Fighter program
Wikipedia - North Texas Mean Green -- Intercollegiate athletics program of the University of North Texas
Wikipedia - Notebook interface -- Programing environment
Wikipedia - Not eXactly C -- High-level programming language for the Lego Mindstorms NXT
Wikipedia - Nova (American TV program) -- United States popular science television program
Wikipedia - Nova (Dutch TV series) -- Late-evening current affairs programme in the Netherlands
Wikipedia - Noweb -- Literate programming tool
Wikipedia - NPAPI -- Application programming interface (API) that allows browser plugins to be developed
Wikipedia - NPL (programming language)
Wikipedia - NTV Akawungeezi -- Uganda's daily news programme
Wikipedia - Nuclear program of Iran -- Nuclear research sites and processing facilities of Iran
Wikipedia - Nuestra Belleza Latina 2009 -- US television program
Wikipedia - Number 1 Single -- US television program
Wikipedia - Numerical Electromagnetics Code -- Computer program for antenna modeling
Wikipedia - NumPy -- Numerical programming library for the Python programming language
Wikipedia - Nu (programming language)
Wikipedia - NWA Power -- American professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - NYU Catherine B. Reynolds Program for Social Entrepreneurship
Wikipedia - Nyuntam Aay Yojana -- Proposed Indian social welfare program
Wikipedia - Oak (programming language)
Wikipedia - Oberon-2 (programming language)
Wikipedia - Oberon (programming language)
Wikipedia - Object-based programming
Wikipedia - Objective-C -- General-purpose, object-oriented programming language
Wikipedia - Object-Oriented Programming in Common Lisp: A Programmer's Guide to CLOS
Wikipedia - Object-oriented programming languages
Wikipedia - Object-oriented programming language
Wikipedia - Object-Oriented Programming
Wikipedia - Object oriented programming
Wikipedia - Object-oriented programming -- Programming paradigm based on the concept of objects
Wikipedia - Object (programming)
Wikipedia - Object resurrection -- Phenomenon in object-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Object type (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - OBJ (programming language)
Wikipedia - Obra (TV program) -- 2008 Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Occam (programming language)
Wikipedia - Occam programming language
Wikipedia - Ocean Drilling Program -- Marine research program between 1985-2003
Wikipedia - Ocean Observatories Initiative -- A program that focuses the work of an emerging network of science driven ocean observing systems
Wikipedia - OceanoScientific -- A programme to study climate change at the ocean-atmosphere interface
Wikipedia - Ocean Worlds Exploration Program -- A NASA program for the exploration of water worlds in the Solar System
Wikipedia - Octave programming language
Wikipedia - Odyssey of the Mind -- Creative problem-solving program involving students from kindergarten through college
Wikipedia - Off Book -- US documentary web television program
Wikipedia - Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs -- U.S. federal government agency that enforces nondiscrimination in the workplaces of federal contractors
Wikipedia - Office of Refugee Resettlement -- US Department of Human Services program which offers support for resettled refugees
Wikipedia - Officer Candidate School (United States Army) -- US Army Officer commissioning program
Wikipedia - Officer Candidate School (United States Navy) -- US Navy officer commissioning program based at Newport, RI
Wikipedia - Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps) -- US Marines officer commissioning program based at MCB Quantico
Wikipedia - Ohio Valley Wrestling -- American professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - Oh! My Part, You -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Oil-for-Food Programme -- Programme headed by the United Nations
Wikipedia - OK-GLI -- Buran programme test vehicle
Wikipedia - Old Age Security -- Canadian pension program
Wikipedia - Omega (laser) -- Soviet anti-aircraft laser development program
Wikipedia - Omnibus (American TV program) -- American educational television series
Wikipedia - Omniscient Interfering View -- Korean television entertainment program
Wikipedia - On Air with Ryan Seacrest -- Syndicated radio program
Wikipedia - On & Off -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - One Definition Rule -- A rule of programming language C++
Wikipedia - One Life to Live storylines (1990-1999) -- SOAP OPERA - A serial drama performed originally on a daytime radio or television program and chiefly characterized by tangled interpersonal situations and melodramatic or sentimental treatment
Wikipedia - One-liner program
Wikipedia - One Nation (infrastructure) -- Australian government infrastructure development program
Wikipedia - One Station Unit Training -- Integrated training program in the United States Army
Wikipedia - One Tambon One Product -- Thai program to support regional products
Wikipedia - Only a Game -- Weekly US public radio sports program
Wikipedia - Ontario Disability Support Program
Wikipedia - On the Media -- American public radio program and podcast
Wikipedia - On the Money (Canadian TV program) -- Economic news program
Wikipedia - On the Wire -- Music radio programme broadcast on BBC Radio Lancashire
Wikipedia - Ooh, Aah & You -- US television program
Wikipedia - Opal (programming language)
Wikipedia - Opa (programming language)
Wikipedia - OpenCL -- Open standard for programming heterogenous computing systems, such as CPUs or GPUs
Wikipedia - Open Curriculum (Brown University) -- Undergraduate program at Brown University
Wikipedia - Open Programming Language
Wikipedia - OpenSSH -- Set of computer programs providing encrypted communication sessions
Wikipedia - Operation Ceasefire (guns-for-tickets program) -- Weapons exchange program
Wikipedia - Operation Cyclone -- 1979-1989 CIA program to fund Islamic jihadists in the Soviet-Afghan War
Wikipedia - Operation Paperclip -- Secret program of the US to bring German scientists, including former Nazis, into the US to work for the US government
Wikipedia - Operation Prime Time -- Television programming provider
Wikipedia - Operator (computer programming) -- Construct associated with a mathematical operation in computer programs
Wikipedia - Operator (programming)
Wikipedia - Opie Taylor -- Fictional character on the American television program The Andy Griffith Show
Wikipedia - Opportunity Knocks (Canadian radio show) -- Radio program
Wikipedia - Optimum programming
Wikipedia - Oracle Certification Program
Wikipedia - Orbital Space Plane Program -- NASA concept to support the International Space Station
Wikipedia - Orc (programming language)
Wikipedia - Oregon State Beavers wrestling -- American collegiate wrestling program
Wikipedia - Original programming -- First-run television programs produced by and for a network or streaming platform
Wikipedia - Orion (spacecraft) -- American-European spacecraft class in development for the Artemis program
Wikipedia - Orphan Train -- U.S. welfare program
Wikipedia - Orthogonality (programming)
Wikipedia - Orwell (programming language)
Wikipedia - Oscar the Grouch -- Muppet character on the television program Sesame Street
Wikipedia - Otavio Good -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Our Five Daughters -- US television program
Wikipedia - Outback Jack -- US television program
Wikipedia - Outline of computer programming
Wikipedia - Outlook (radio programme) -- Radio programme produced by BBC World Service
Wikipedia - Out of Control (2013 TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Outside broadcasting -- Remote production of television or radio programmes
Wikipedia - Overlay (programming)
Wikipedia - Overloading (programming)
Wikipedia - Over-the-air programming
Wikipedia - Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program -- international project to study the link between water mass transformation at high latitudes and the meridional overturning circulation in the North Atlantic
Wikipedia - Owen Mock -- American software programmer
Wikipedia - Owl Scientific Computing -- Numerical programming library for the OCaml programming language
Wikipedia - Oxford Concordance Program -- 1981 text analysis software
Wikipedia - Oxygene (programming language)
Wikipedia - Oz (programming language)
Wikipedia - Oz programming language
Wikipedia - P-9 Project -- Codename given during World War II to the Manhattan Project's heavy water production program
Wikipedia - Pacific Pathways -- United States Army Pacific program
Wikipedia - Pacific Regional Environment Programme -- Organization
Wikipedia - Paco MenM-CM-)ndez -- Spanish computer programmer
Wikipedia - Paint program
Wikipedia - Pair programming -- Collaborative technique for software development
Wikipedia - Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction -- Pakistani nuclear weapons program
Wikipedia - Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984
Wikipedia - PAL-11R -- Assembly programming language
Wikipedia - PAL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Panorama (British TV programme) -- BBC Television current affairs documentary programme
Wikipedia - Paradigms of AI Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp
Wikipedia - Paradise Hotel -- American television program
Wikipedia - Parallel computing -- Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
Wikipedia - Parallel Ocean Program -- A three-dimensional ocean circulation model designed primarily for studying the ocean climate system
Wikipedia - Parallel programming language
Wikipedia - Parallel programming model -- Abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs
Wikipedia - Parallel programming
Wikipedia - Parallel program
Wikipedia - Parameter (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Parametric polymorphism -- The basis of generic programming
Wikipedia - Paranormal radio shows -- Radio programs focusing on paranormal subjects
Wikipedia - ParaSail (programming language)
Wikipedia - Pareng Partners -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - Pascal programming language
Wikipedia - Pascal (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Patch (computing) -- Piece of software designed to update a computer program to fix or improve it
Wikipedia - Patrick Buckland -- British computer programmer
Wikipedia - Patriot (TV series) -- US television program
Wikipedia - Pattern Languages of Programming
Wikipedia - Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce -- Graduate program devoted to the study of diplomacy, international affairs and commerce at the University of Kentucky
Wikipedia - Pat Villani -- Italian-American programmer and original developer of the FreeDOS kernel
Wikipedia - Paul Brainerd -- American computer programmer in the field of computer-aided editing, design and publishing.
Wikipedia - Paul Courbis -- French programmer
Wikipedia - Paul Davis (programmer)
Wikipedia - Paul Graham (computer programmer)
Wikipedia - Paul Graham (programmer) -- English programmer, venture capitalist, and essayist
Wikipedia - Paul Haeberli -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Pawn Queens -- US television program
Wikipedia - Pay-per-view -- Premium television or webcast event programming that requires payment to view
Wikipedia - PBA on KBS -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - PBS NewsHour -- daily public television news program in the United States
Wikipedia - PCOS Challenge -- US television program
Wikipedia - Peacekeeping training programme -- Programme of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research
Wikipedia - PEAKS -- Mass spectrometry proteomics software program
Wikipedia - PEARL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Pee-wee's Playhouse -- American children's television program
Wikipedia - Pennsylvania Diners and Other Roadside Restaurants -- 1993 documentary television program
Wikipedia - Pentagon Renovation Program -- Renovation project to The Pentagon, US (1990s-2011)
Wikipedia - PEPPADEP -- 1980s pig health and farming development program in Haiti
Wikipedia - Pepperdine Waves -- Athletic program of Pepperdine University, United States
Wikipedia - Performance Application Programming Interface
Wikipedia - Perl Data Language -- Array programming library for Perl
Wikipedia - Perl (programming language)
Wikipedia - Perl -- Interpreted programming language first released in 1987
Wikipedia - Peston on Sunday -- Political discussion programme, broadcast on ITV
Wikipedia - Peston (TV programme) -- British political discussion programme on ITV
Wikipedia - Peter H. Salus -- American linguist and computer programmer
Wikipedia - Peter MacDonald (computer programmer)
Wikipedia - Peter Mattis -- American computer programmer, entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Peter Molyneux -- English video game designer and game programmer
Wikipedia - Peter Norton -- American programmer, software publisher
Wikipedia - Peter Samson -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Petr Mitrichev -- Russian sport programmer
Wikipedia - Pharmacy benefit management -- Administration of prescription drug programs in the United States
Wikipedia - Phenomenon (TV program) -- NBC TV series
Wikipedia - Phil Farrand -- American computer programmer and consultant, webmaster and author
Wikipedia - Philip Hazel -- British computer programmer
Wikipedia - Philippine House Special Committee on Flagship Programs and Projects -- Special committee of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
Wikipedia - Philippine noontime variety television shows -- Programming in the Philippines
Wikipedia - Phobos program -- 1988 Soviet missions to Mars
Wikipedia - Pianos I Have Known -- British television programme
Wikipedia - Pico (programming language)
Wikipedia - Pict (programming language)
Wikipedia - Pidgin code -- Mixture of several programming languages in the same program
Wikipedia - Pieter Van den Abeele -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Piet (programming language)
Wikipedia - Pig (programming language)
Wikipedia - Pike (programming language)
Wikipedia - PILOT -- Simple high-level programming language developed in the 1960s
Wikipedia - Pin (computer program)
Wikipedia - Pink rickshaw -- Indian government program
Wikipedia - Pinks (TV series) -- US television program
Wikipedia - Pinky Lee -- American burlesque comic and host of a children's television program
Wikipedia - Pioneer program -- Series of United States uncrewed lunar and planetary space probes
Wikipedia - Pirelli Star Driver -- Racecar driver development program by FIA and Pirelli
Wikipedia - Pittsburgh Dad -- US television program
Wikipedia - PiYo -- Exercise program
Wikipedia - Pizza (programming language)
Wikipedia - Planed Plant -- Welsh-language children's programme strand
Wikipedia - Planespotting Live -- BBC Four television program
Wikipedia - Planner (programming language)
Wikipedia - Planner programming language
Wikipedia - Planner (program) -- A free personal information manager for Emacs
Wikipedia - Plant evolutionary developmental biology -- The study of developmental programs and patterns in plants from an evolutionary perspective
Wikipedia - Play the Game (1946 TV series) -- US television program
Wikipedia - Plenti -- Rewards program created by American Express
Wikipedia - PLEX (programming language)
Wikipedia - Plus (programming language)
Wikipedia - PMO NEO Survey Program
Wikipedia - Pointer (computer programming) -- Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
Wikipedia - Point-free programming
Wikipedia - Polaris (poker bot) -- Texas hold 'em poker playing program
Wikipedia - Police 5 -- British television programme produced by ITV regions
Wikipedia - Political Blind Date -- Canadian television program
Wikipedia - Politics Live -- British political television programme
Wikipedia - Polskie Radio Program III -- Polish national radio station
Wikipedia - Polskie Radio Program II -- Polish national radio station
Wikipedia - Polskie Radio Program IV -- Polish digital radio network
Wikipedia - Polskie Radio Program I -- Polish national radio station
Wikipedia - Polyfill (programming) -- Code to implement features in web browsers that do not support them
Wikipedia - Polymorphic Programming Language
Wikipedia - Polymorphism in object-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Portal:Computer programming
Wikipedia - Portals network programming api
Wikipedia - Poser -- 3D computer graphics program optimized for modeling of human figures
Wikipedia - Postbaccalaureate program
Wikipedia - Potentially unwanted program -- Computer software which can be perceived as unwanted and/or harmful
Wikipedia - Power & Politics -- Canadian television news program
Wikipedia - Power Play (2009 TV program) -- Canadian television show
Wikipedia - PowWow (chat program) -- Internet instant message and chat program
Wikipedia - P (programming language)
Wikipedia - Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana -- Indian rural development programme
Wikipedia - Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana -- India's food security program for the poor
Wikipedia - Praxis (organization) -- US for-profit apprenticeship program
Wikipedia - Precompiled header -- Optimized type of file in computer programming
Wikipedia - Predicative programming
Wikipedia - Premiere (TV program) -- First commercial color television program
Wikipedia - Preprocessor -- Program which processes the input for another program
Wikipedia - Preseault v. United States -- US court case involving Rail to Trails programs in the state of Vermont.
Wikipedia - Presentation program
Wikipedia - Presidential Successor Support System -- United States continuity of government program
Wikipedia - President's Surveillance Program
Wikipedia - Presseclub -- German television program
Wikipedia - Pretty Good Privacy -- Computer program for data encryption, primarily in email
Wikipedia - Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003 TV series) -- Japanese television program
Wikipedia - Prime Programming Language
Wikipedia - Primer Impacto -- US Spanish-language television program
Wikipedia - Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program -- Primetime Emmy Award for animation
Wikipedia - Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Animated Program -- Primetime Emmy Award category for animated short films
Wikipedia - Prime Time (radio program) -- Canadian radio program
Wikipedia - Prime time -- Block of broadcast programming taking place during the middle of the evening for television programming
Wikipedia - Principles of Electronics -- Textbook for the Electronics Technician distance education program
Wikipedia - Printf format string -- Program
Wikipedia - Priority Enforcement Program -- Agency responsible for immigration enforcement in the interior of the United States
Wikipedia - PRISM (surveillance program) -- Mass surveillance program run by the NSA
Wikipedia - Prison contemplative programs -- Practices like meditation and yoga, that are offered at correctional institutions
Wikipedia - Prison Life of Fools -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Private Passions -- Long-running BBC music discussion programme
Wikipedia - Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program -- Canadian refugee resettlement program
Wikipedia - Probabilistic inductive logic programming
Wikipedia - Probabilistic programming language
Wikipedia - Probe (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine documentary television show
Wikipedia - Procedural drama -- Genre of television programming
Wikipedia - Procedural programming language
Wikipedia - Procedural programming
Wikipedia - Procell -- Programmable cell chip
Wikipedia - Process (computing) -- Particular execution of a computer program
Wikipedia - Processing (programming language)
Wikipedia - Process-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Profile-guided optimization -- Compiler optimization technique in computer programming that uses profiling to improve program runtime performance
Wikipedia - Profiling (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Programa do Jo -- Talk show hosted by Jo Soares broadcast by Rede Globo
Wikipedia - Programadora -- Colombian television companies under unique state-run system
Wikipedia - Program analysis (computer science)
Wikipedia - Program analysis
Wikipedia - Program and System Information Protocol -- Video and audio industry protocol
Wikipedia - Program animation
Wikipedia - ProgramByDesign
Wikipedia - Program chain -- Linear sequence of programs found in DVDs
Wikipedia - Program comprehension
Wikipedia - Program (computing)
Wikipedia - Program correctness
Wikipedia - Program Counter
Wikipedia - Program counter
Wikipedia - Program derivation
Wikipedia - Program Evaluation and Review Technique
Wikipedia - Program Evaluation
Wikipedia - Program evaluation
Wikipedia - Program libraries
Wikipedia - Program lifecycle phase
Wikipedia - Program loops
Wikipedia - Program loop
Wikipedia - Programma 101
Wikipedia - Programmable Array Logic
Wikipedia - Programmable calculator
Wikipedia - Programmable communicating thermostat
Wikipedia - Programmable computer
Wikipedia - Programmable Interrupt Controller
Wikipedia - Programmable interrupt controller
Wikipedia - Programmable interval timer
Wikipedia - Programmable logic array
Wikipedia - Programmable logic controllers
Wikipedia - Programmable Logic Controller
Wikipedia - Programmable logic controller -- Programmable digital computer used to control machinery
Wikipedia - Programmable logic device
Wikipedia - Programmable logic
Wikipedia - Programmable matter -- Matter which can change its physical properties in a programmable fashion
Wikipedia - Programmable metallization cell -- Non-volatile memory technology
Wikipedia - Programmable read-only memory
Wikipedia - Programmable ROM -- Type of solid state computer memory that becomes read only after being written once
Wikipedia - Programmable shader
Wikipedia - Programmable sound generator
Wikipedia - Programmable thermostat
Wikipedia - Programmable unijunction transistor
Wikipedia - Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly
Wikipedia - Program (machine)
Wikipedia - Program management
Wikipedia - Program Manager
Wikipedia - Program manager
Wikipedia - Programmed cell death -- Death of a cell mediated by intracellular program, often as part of development
Wikipedia - Programmed Data Processor -- Name used for several lines of minicomputers
Wikipedia - Programme Delivery Control -- Television standard to indicate start and end of programmes
Wikipedia - Programmed instruction
Wikipedia - Programmed learning
Wikipedia - Programme for International Student Assessment (2000 to 2012) -- Educational assessment and evaluation
Wikipedia - Programme for International Student Assessment -- Scholastic performance study by the OECD
Wikipedia - Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification -- International, non-profit, non-governmental organization based in Switzerland
Wikipedia - Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies -- Worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Wikipedia - Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy -- Organization
Wikipedia - Programmer art
Wikipedia - Programmer (disambiguation)
Wikipedia - Programmer (hardware)
Wikipedia - Programmers
Wikipedia - Programmer -- Person who writes computer software
Wikipedia - Programming by demonstration -- Technique for teaching a computer or a robot new behaviors
Wikipedia - Programming Complexity
Wikipedia - Programming complexity
Wikipedia - Programming Computable Functions
Wikipedia - Programming domain -- A programming environment
Wikipedia - Programming environments
Wikipedia - Programming environment
Wikipedia - Programming error
Wikipedia - Programming game
Wikipedia - Programming idioms
Wikipedia - Programming idiom
Wikipedia - Programming in the large and programming in the small
Wikipedia - Programming in the large
Wikipedia - Programming Language Design and Implementation
Wikipedia - Programming language dialect
Wikipedia - Programming Language for Business
Wikipedia - Programming language for Computable Functions
Wikipedia - Programming language generations
Wikipedia - Programming language implementation -- System for executing computer programs
Wikipedia - Programming language research
Wikipedia - Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation
Wikipedia - Programming language semantics
Wikipedia - Programming language specification
Wikipedia - Programming languages used in most popular websites
Wikipedia - Programming Languages
Wikipedia - Programming languages
Wikipedia - Programming language syntax
Wikipedia - Programming language theory -- |Branch of computer science
Wikipedia - Programming Language
Wikipedia - Programming language -- Language for communicating instructions to a machine
Wikipedia - Programming methodology
Wikipedia - Programming model
Wikipedia - Programming paradigms
Wikipedia - Programming paradigm
Wikipedia - Programming Perl
Wikipedia - Programming productivity
Wikipedia - Programming product
Wikipedia - Programming Research Group
Wikipedia - Programming Ruby
Wikipedia - Programming style
Wikipedia - Programming team
Wikipedia - Programming tools
Wikipedia - Programming tool
Wikipedia - Programming with Big Data in R
Wikipedia - Program music
Wikipedia - Program optimization
Wikipedia - Program process monitoring -- Assessment of the process of a program or intervention
Wikipedia - Program refinement
Wikipedia - Program semantics
Wikipedia - Program slicing
Wikipedia - Program specification
Wikipedia - Program state
Wikipedia - Program status word
Wikipedia - Program synthesis
Wikipedia - Program transformation
Wikipedia - Program verification
Wikipedia - Progressive rock (radio format) -- Radio station programming format
Wikipedia - Project 100,000 -- 1960s US military program to enlist persons who were in lower military mental or medical standards
Wikipedia - Project AQUILINE -- CIA reconnaissance program
Wikipedia - Project Coast -- A 1980s top-secret chemical and biological weapons (CBW) program
Wikipedia - Project Juno -- Private British space programme
Wikipedia - Project Magnet (UFO) -- UFO study programme
Wikipedia - Project MKUltra -- CIA program experiments on human subjects
Wikipedia - Project Nike -- Missile program of the United States Army
Wikipedia - Project Stormfury -- NOAA weather modification program.
Wikipedia - Project Vanguard -- U.S. Navy satellite program
Wikipedia - Prolog (programming language)
Wikipedia - Prolog -- Programming language that uses first order logic
Wikipedia - Property (programming)
Wikipedia - Proprietary programming language
Wikipedia - Protocol (object-oriented programming)
Wikipedia - Prototype-based programming
Wikipedia - Pry (software) -- Shell interface for the Ruby programming language
Wikipedia - Pseudocode -- Informal high-level description of the operation of a computer program or other algorithm
Wikipedia - PSLV-C37 -- 39th mission of the PSLV space-rocket program
Wikipedia - PSLV-C42 -- 44th mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle program
Wikipedia - Psychology of programming
Wikipedia - Public Expenditure Statistical Analyses -- Public finance programme of the United Kingdom
Wikipedia - Public housing in Singapore -- Housing programmes of the Singapore government
Wikipedia - Public housing in the United Kingdom -- Subsidised housing programmes of the British government
Wikipedia - Public Radio Exchange -- Nonprofit redistributor of radio programs
Wikipedia - Public Radio International -- Distributor of public radio programming
Wikipedia - Public Radio Satellite System -- Interconnected satellite network for delivery of public radio programming
Wikipedia - Public Safety Realignment initiative -- California state penal system reform program
Wikipedia - Puerto Rico Health Reform -- Puerto Rico's Medicaid program
Wikipedia - Pugs (programming)
Wikipedia - Punjab Youth -- A youth development programme run by the Government of the Punjab, Pakistan
Wikipedia - Purely functional programming -- Programming paradigm that treats all computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions
Wikipedia - Pure (programming language)
Wikipedia - Pvts -- Scheme programming language interpreter
Wikipedia - PyPy -- Alternative implementation of the Python programming language
Wikipedia - Pyramid of doom (programming) -- Computer programming problem
Wikipedia - Pyrex (programming language)
Wikipedia - Python (Programming Language)
Wikipedia - Python (programming language)
Wikipedia - Python programming language
Wikipedia - Python Programming - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Wikipedia - Python syntax and semantics -- Syntax of the Python programming language
Wikipedia - Qalb (programming language)
Wikipedia - QB64 -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Q (equational programming language)
Wikipedia - Q (programming language from Kx Systems)
Wikipedia - Quadratically constrained quadratic program
Wikipedia - Quadratic programming
Wikipedia - Qualitative Data Analysis Program -- Program at the University of Pittsburgh
Wikipedia - Quantum programming
Wikipedia - Quarantine (antivirus program) -- Act of isolating computer files with viruses
Wikipedia - Queen's Golden Gaels women's ice hockey -- representative program of Queen's University at Kingston in Ontario, Canada
Wikipedia - Quentin Stafford-Fraser -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Quest to Million -- Burmese television program
Wikipedia - QuickBASIC -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Quickfire (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Quick Response Engine -- Planning and scheduling program
Wikipedia - Quine (computing) -- A self-replicating program
Wikipedia - Quinnipiac Bobcats women's ice hockey -- American collegiate ice hockey program
Wikipedia - Racket (programming language)
Wikipedia - Rack (web server interface) -- API specification for web applications in programming language Ruby
Wikipedia - Radiolab -- American radio program
Wikipedia - Radio Programas de MM-CM-)xico -- Mexican radio network and broadcasting company
Wikipedia - Radio programming -- Broadcast programming of a radio format
Wikipedia - Radio program
Wikipedia - Radio Star (TV series) -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Rael Dornfest -- American computer programmer and author
Wikipedia - Raja Shivchatrapati -- Marathi television program
Wikipedia - Raku (programming language) -- Programming language derived from Perl
Wikipedia - Ramez Wakel el-Gaw -- 2015 Egyptian television program
Wikipedia - Randal L. Schwartz -- American programmer and technology writer
Wikipedia - Random-access stored-program machine
Wikipedia - Randy Suess -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Ranger program -- Series of unmanned space missions by the United States in the 1960s
Wikipedia - Rank (J programming language)
Wikipedia - Rasmus Lerdorf -- Danish programmer and creator of PHP
Wikipedia - Rationale for gifted programs
Wikipedia - Ratnik (program) -- Russian Military Equipment
Wikipedia - Ray Tomlinson -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - RC 4000 Multiprogramming System
Wikipedia - RC 4000 multiprogramming system
Wikipedia - Reactive programming
Wikipedia - Ready Reserve -- U.S. Department of Defense program
Wikipedia - Reality legal programming -- Television programming subgenre of reality television
Wikipedia - Reality television -- Genre of television programming that documents unscripted situations and actual occurrences
Wikipedia - Real Life (TV program) -- Australian current affairs television program
Wikipedia - Real Life with Jane Pauley -- US television program
Wikipedia - Real Man (TV series) -- South Korean television program in which celebrity participants undergo military training
Wikipedia - Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal -- 1983 essay about programming
Wikipedia - Real Programmer
Wikipedia - Reason (programming language)
Wikipedia - Rebecca Garcia -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Rebecca Heineman -- American video game programmer
Wikipedia - Reconstruction and Development Programme
Wikipedia - Recursive function (programming) -- Function that references itself
Wikipedia - Red Bull Junior Team -- Red Bull's driver development program
Wikipedia - Red Dwarf -- British comedy programme
Wikipedia - Red (programming language)
Wikipedia - Red Table Talk -- Television program
Wikipedia - Reduced fare program
Wikipedia - Reef Life Survey -- Marine life monitoring programme based in Hobart, Tasmania
Wikipedia - Refal programming language
Wikipedia - Reflection (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Reflective programming
Wikipedia - Refuge Water Supply Program -- US program to supply wetlands in central California with water
Wikipedia - Register (C programming language)
Wikipedia - Regulations on television programming in Australia -- Australia television programming regulations
Wikipedia - Relationship Development Intervention -- Proprietary treatment program for autism spectrum disorders
Wikipedia - Relativistic programming
Wikipedia - Relay Gold -- terminal emulator software program
Wikipedia - Relay program -- 1960s experimental communications satellites
Wikipedia - Religious emblems programs -- Awards of religious recognition
Wikipedia - Rendez-vous en terre inconnue -- French television programme
Wikipedia - Repatriation flight program -- United States-Mexico government program
Wikipedia - Republica Deportiva -- US Spanish television program
Wikipedia - Rescue (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Research program -- professional network conducting research
Wikipedia - Reserved word -- Word in a programming language that cannot be used as an identifier
Wikipedia - Reserve Officers' Training Corps -- Military officer training program
Wikipedia - Resource acquisition is initialization -- Programming idiom
Wikipedia - Resource leak -- A particular type of resource consumption problem by a computer program where the program does not release resources it has acquired
Wikipedia - Reuters Digital Vision Program -- Academic program funded by the Reuters Foundation
Wikipedia - Reverse racism -- Belief that affirmative action and similar programs constitute anti-white discrimination
Wikipedia - Revolution (programming language)
Wikipedia - Rewrite (programming)
Wikipedia - Rice's theorem -- All non-trivial, semantic properties of programs are undecidable
Wikipedia - Richard Brodie (programmer) -- American computer programmer and author
Wikipedia - Richard Diamond, Private Detective -- American radio and television program
Wikipedia - Richard Geller (meditation instructor) -- President of Boston-based MedWorks Corporate Meditation Programs
Wikipedia - Richard Greenblatt (programmer)
Wikipedia - Richard Milton Bloch -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Richard von Hegener -- Organizer of the Aktion T4 Nazi German "euthanasia" program
Wikipedia - Richard Wallace (scientist) -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Rich Hickey -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - Ricki & Copper -- US television program
Wikipedia - Ride with Funkmaster Flex -- US television program
Wikipedia - Rigs-to-Reefs -- Program for converting decommissioned offshore oil and petroleum rigs into artificial reefs
Wikipedia - Ripley's Believe It or Not! (Philippine TV program) -- 2008 Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Rise and Resurrection of the American Programmer
Wikipedia - Rise and Shine Pilipinas -- Philippine Morning Program of the People's Television Network
Wikipedia - RKK Energiya museum -- Museum dedicated to the early achievements of Russian space exploration programmes
Wikipedia - R-Ladies -- Organization promoting gender diversity in the R programming community
Wikipedia - Road Home -- Federally funded grant program
Wikipedia - Road to Indy -- Racing driver development program
Wikipedia - Road Trip (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Robby Garner -- American natural language programmer and software developer
Wikipedia - Robert Duffy (programmer) -- American video game programmer
Wikipedia - Robert Fourer -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Robert S. Lancaster -- American computer programmer and skeptical activist
Wikipedia - Rob Thomas (writer) -- Young adult novel author, television program writer
Wikipedia - Robust fuzzy programming -- Mathematical optimization approach to deal with optimization problems under uncertainty
Wikipedia - Rodnay Zaks -- American computer programmer and author (born 1946)
Wikipedia - Roger Gregory (programmer)
Wikipedia - Roger Powell (musician) -- American musician, programmer, and magazine columnist
Wikipedia - Role-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Roll program -- Aerodynamic maneuver
Wikipedia - Roobarb -- British animated children's comedy television programme
Wikipedia - Room Raiders -- Television program
Wikipedia - ROOP (programming language)
Wikipedia - RootsMagic -- Genealogy software program
Wikipedia - Rosetta Code -- Wiki-based programming chrestomathy
Wikipedia - Ross Cohen -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Rox (TV series) -- American television program
Wikipedia - R package -- Extensions to the R statistical programming language
Wikipedia - RPL (programming language)
Wikipedia - R (programming language) -- Language and environment for statistical computing and graphics
Wikipedia - Rubber duck debugging -- Debugging method, in which a programmer explains code, line-by-line, to an inanimate object
Wikipedia - Ruby MRI -- Interpreter for the Ruby programming language
Wikipedia - Ruby (Programming Language)
Wikipedia - Ruby programming language
Wikipedia - Ruby (programming language) -- High-level programming language first released in 1995
Wikipedia - RubySpec -- Specification tests for the Ruby programming language
Wikipedia - Rugg/Feldman benchmarks -- Seven short BASIC programming language programs
Wikipedia - Rule-based programming
Wikipedia - Rundschau -- Television program
Wikipedia - Run (South Korean TV series) -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Run time (program lifecycle phase)
Wikipedia - Runtime (program lifecycle phase)
Wikipedia - Rural Community Advancement Program -- Agriculture improvement program in the United States
Wikipedia - Rural Free Delivery -- American mail delivery program
Wikipedia - Russian bounty program -- Alleged Russian military program of paid assassinations
Wikipedia - Russ Wetmore -- American computer programmer and video game designer
Wikipedia - Rust (programming language)
Wikipedia - RYAN -- 1980s Soviet military intelligence program
Wikipedia - S3 (programming language)
Wikipedia - Sabado Gigante -- Spanish-language television program
Wikipedia - SAC programming language
Wikipedia - SAIL programming language
Wikipedia - Sale el Sol (TV program) -- Mexican television morning show
Wikipedia - Salty Tour -- 2015-present South Korean travel television program
Wikipedia - Salvados -- Television program
Wikipedia - Salyut programme -- Soviet space station programme
Wikipedia - Samantha John -- American engineer. computer programmer and business executive
Wikipedia - Sam (program)
Wikipedia - Sandbox (computer security) -- Computer security mechanism for isolating running programs from each other in a highly controlled environment
Wikipedia - Sandboxie -- Open-source sandboxing computer program
Wikipedia - Sandra Smith (reporter) -- American journalist, co-host of the program America's Newsroom on Fox News
Wikipedia - SAPHIRE -- Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations
Wikipedia - Sarah Beeny's New Life in the Country -- British television documentary program
Wikipedia - Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2020 -- Indian reality television program
Wikipedia - SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd
Wikipedia - SASL (programming language)
Wikipedia - SASL programming language
Wikipedia - Satellite Program Network -- American television network from 1979 to 1989
Wikipedia - Saturday Live (British TV program) -- Former Saturday morning television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Saturday Night Live bil Arabi -- Television program
Wikipedia - Saturday Night Politics with Donny Deutsch -- American television program
Wikipedia - Saturday Night's Main Event -- Former WWF television program
Wikipedia - Sawzall (programming language)
Wikipedia - Scaffold (programming) -- A code generation technique or a project generation technique
Wikipedia - Scala (programming language) -- General-purpose programming language
Wikipedia - Scaled Composites Tier One -- Suborbital human spaceflight program using the reusable spacecraft SpaceShipOne
Wikipedia - Scan2Go -- Television program
Wikipedia - Scheme programming language
Wikipedia - Scheme (programming language) -- Dialect of Lisp
Wikipedia - Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) -- A complication arising from delegation and related techniques in object-oriented programming
Wikipedia - SchleFaZ -- German television program
Wikipedia - Schwarzman Scholars -- Postgraduate award program for students to study at Tsinghua University in China
Wikipedia - Schweizer X-26 Frigate -- X-plane programs
Wikipedia - SCICEX -- Research program involving a collaboration between the U.S. Navy and academic researchers
Wikipedia - Scientific programming language
Wikipedia - Sci Fi Investigates -- US television program
Wikipedia - Scikit-learn -- Machine learning library for the Python programming language
Wikipedia - SCOLA (TV service) -- Educational organization providing international news programming
Wikipedia - Scope (programming)
Wikipedia - Scott Guthrie -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Scott Meyers -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Scott Werndorfer -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Scouting and Guiding in Kenya -- Scouting and Guiding programs in Kenya
Wikipedia - Scouting and Guiding in Uganda -- Scouting and Guiding programs in Uganda
Wikipedia - Scouts BSA -- Main coed program of the Boy Scouts of America for ages 11 to 17
Wikipedia - Scouts et Guides de Martinique -- Scouts and Guides programs in a colony of France
Wikipedia - Scratch (programming language) -- Programming language learning environment
Wikipedia - Screensaver -- Computer program that blanks the screen or fills it with moving images
Wikipedia - Script (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Scripting programming language
Wikipedia - SeaPerch -- A remotely operated underwater vehicle educational program
Wikipedia - Seasons of Love (TV program) -- 2014 Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Second audio program -- Alternate audio channel used in television transmissions
Wikipedia - Second Chance Program
Wikipedia - Second-generation programming language
Wikipedia - Second-order cone programming
Wikipedia - Secure file transfer program
Wikipedia - Self (programming language)
Wikipedia - Semantics (computer science) -- The field concerned with the rigorous mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages
Wikipedia - Semantics of programming languages
Wikipedia - Semaphore (programming) -- Variable used in a concurrent system
Wikipedia - Semester at Sea -- study abroad program
Wikipedia - Semidefinite programming
Wikipedia - Sentry (monitoring system) -- JPL program to monitor asteroid catalogs for potentially hazardous objects
Wikipedia - Seputar Peristiwa -- Indonesian television program
Wikipedia - Sequential quadratic programming
Wikipedia - Serbisyo All Access -- Philippine public service TV program
Wikipedia - Sergap (TV program) -- Indonesian television program
Wikipedia - Server Application Programming Interface
Wikipedia - Server application programming interface
Wikipedia - Service-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Sesame Street international co-productions -- International production company for children's television programs
Wikipedia - Sesame Street -- American children's television program
Wikipedia - SETL -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Set theoretic programming
Wikipedia - Shader -- Type of program in a graphical processing unit (GPU)
Wikipedia - Shadow table -- Object in computer science used to improve the way machines, networks and programs handle information
Wikipedia - Shakespeare at Winedale -- theatre criticism program affiliated with the University of Texas at Austin
Wikipedia - Shakespeare (programming language)
Wikipedia - Shakespeare Programming Language -- esoteric programming language designed by Jon M-CM-^Eslund and Karl Hasselstrom
Wikipedia - Shall We Dance? (TV series) -- Philippine reality television program
Wikipedia - Shape analysis (program analysis)
Wikipedia - Shark Week -- Television program on Discovery Channel
Wikipedia - Sharp Edge Flight Experiment -- Program of the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt
Wikipedia - Shattered (British TV series) -- 2004 reality television program in the United Kingdom
Wikipedia - Shawn Bayern -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Shawn Fanning -- American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and angel investor
Wikipedia - Shenzhou program
Wikipedia - ShoreZone -- Mapping program that uses oblique aerial images acquired at low altitude
Wikipedia - Shortcode activation protocol -- programming device for mobile phones
Wikipedia - Show Champion -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Show! Music Core -- Music television program
Wikipedia - SHRDLU -- Computer program for understanding natural language
Wikipedia - Shuguang (spacecraft) -- Abortive Chinese space program
Wikipedia - Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory -- Integration and training facility which supported the Space Shuttle program
Wikipedia - Shuttle-Mir program -- Space program between Russia and the United States
Wikipedia - Sid Meier -- Canadian-American game programmer and designer
Wikipedia - Sieve C++ Parallel Programming System
Wikipedia - Sigil (computer programming) -- Symbol affixed to a variable name
Wikipedia - SIGNAL (programming language)
Wikipedia - SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award
Wikipedia - Sikorsky-Boeing SB-1 Defiant -- Entry for the United States Army's Future Vertical Lift program
Wikipedia - Simatic -- Series of programmable logic controllers
Wikipedia - Simon Phipps (programmer) -- computer scientist and web and open source advocate
Wikipedia - Simon Tatham -- English programmer
Wikipedia - Simple Machines Forum -- Open-source, Internet forum program
Wikipedia - Simula -- Early object-oriented programming language
Wikipedia - Simulink -- Programming environment
Wikipedia - Simultaneous substitution -- Practice of substituting local signals over foreign ones for the same programming in Canada
Wikipedia - Sinclair BASIC -- Dialect of the programming language BASIC
Wikipedia - S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications -- Communications school at Syracuse University offering programs in print and broadcast journalism; music business; graphic design; advertising; public relations; and television radio, and film
Wikipedia - Singer (TV series) -- Chinese version of Korean television programme I Am a Singer
Wikipedia - Sing: Ultimate A Cappella -- British TV programme
Wikipedia - Sixth Framework Programme
Wikipedia - Sixth Sense (TV series) -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Sixty Minutes (British TV programme) -- British news and current affairs programme
Wikipedia - Skal vi danse? -- Norwegian television program
Wikipedia - SketchUp -- 3D modeling program
Wikipedia - Skyborg -- U.S. Air Force R&D program
Wikipedia - Sky Midnight News -- Television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Sky News at Seven -- Former weekend evening television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Sky News at Ten -- Evening news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Sky News Breakfast -- Breakfast television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - SkyNews.com -- Former evening television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Sky News Today -- Lunchtime news programme, broadcast weekdays on Sky News
Wikipedia - Sky News Tonight -- Evening news programme, broadcast weekdays on Sky News
Wikipedia - Sky News with Martin Stanford -- Former evening television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Skypath -- System used by the NBC television network to distribute programming to affiliates
Wikipedia - Skype a Scientist -- Science videoconferencing education program
Wikipedia - Sky World News -- Overnight television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Slave to the Metal -- American television program
Wikipedia - Sledge Hammer! -- Television program
Wikipedia - SLIP (programming language)
Wikipedia - SLIP programming language
Wikipedia - Small Business Innovation Research -- U.S. research grant program
Wikipedia - Small matter of programming -- Ironic phrase in software development
Wikipedia - Small Shots -- American reality TV program
Wikipedia - Smalltalk (programming language)
Wikipedia - Smalltalk -- Object-oriented programming language first released in 1972
Wikipedia - Small Watershed Rehabilitation Program -- United States federal environmental legislation
Wikipedia - Smallworld -- Main component of geospatial processing programs suite
Wikipedia - SmartDrive -- MS-DOS disk caching program
Wikipedia - Smile (software) -- Macintosh computer programming and working environment
Wikipedia - SMILF -- US television program
Wikipedia - SML (programming language)
Wikipedia - Smn theorem -- On transforming a program by substituting constants for free variables
Wikipedia - Snap! (programming language)
Wikipedia - SNAP (programming language) -- Education programming language from 1960s
Wikipedia - SNICK -- US television programming block
Wikipedia - Snippet (programming) -- A small region of re-usable source code, machine code, or text
Wikipedia - SNN News -- Swedish television program
Wikipedia - SNOBOL -- Text-string-oriented programming language
Wikipedia - Snowball (programming language)
Wikipedia - Social insurance -- Government-sponsored social program
Wikipedia - Social programs in the United States
Wikipedia - Socket programming
Wikipedia - Software bug -- Error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system
Wikipedia - Software development -- Creation and maintaining of programs and applications
Wikipedia - Software Engineering Programme
Wikipedia - Software patent -- Patent that covers a computer program
Wikipedia - Software programmer
Wikipedia - Software programming
Wikipedia - Solar System Ambassadors -- Public outreach program of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Wikipedia - Solidarity trial -- An accelerated multinational clinical trial program to identify therapies against COVID-19
Wikipedia - Something Happened in Bali -- Television program
Wikipedia - Something's Happening -- Long-format radio program airing four nights a week on Pacifica Radio-owned KPFK 90.7 FM. Most of the content consists of pre-recorded tapes of lectures, interviews, and rebroadcasts from other audio sources.
Wikipedia - Songbird (TV program) -- 2008 Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Sony M-NM-1 Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar Telegram Telegram Desktop TESS Program - PrePost Questionnaire[filled].pdf TESS Program - PrePost Questionnaire.pdf The_Divine_Milieu.pdf The-Mother-MCW-Vol4-Questions-and-Answers-1950-51.pdf The Veldt - Ray Bradbury.pdf DT 16-80mm f/3.5-4.5 ZA -- Zoom lens for photographic cameras
Wikipedia - Sophy Ridge on Sunday -- Political discussion programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - SOP (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Source (programming language) -- family of JavaScript sub-languages
Wikipedia - Source-to-source compiler -- Translator that takes source code of a program and produces an equivalent source code in the same or a different programming language
Wikipedia - South African National Antarctic Programme -- Government research programme
Wikipedia - Southern Charm New Orleans -- US television program
Wikipedia - Soviet crewed lunar programs
Wikipedia - Soviet space dogs -- Soviet-era program that sent dogs to space
Wikipedia - Soviet space program -- Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from the 1950s to 1991.
Wikipedia - Soyuz 10 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme - Failed first attempt to dock with Salyut 1
Wikipedia - Soyuz 12 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 13 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 14 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 15 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 16 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 17 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 18 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 1 -- First crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 20 -- Uncrewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 21 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 22 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 23 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 24 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 2 -- Soviet uncrewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 3 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 4 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 5 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 6 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 7K-OK No.1 -- Uncrewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 7K-OKS -- Crewed spacecraft of the Soyuz programme to dock with Salyut 1 space station
Wikipedia - Soyuz 7K-OK -- First generation of the Soyuz spacecraft of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 7K-ST No.16L -- Unsuccessful crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 7K-T No.39 -- Unsuccessful crewed launch of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 7 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 8 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz 9 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz Kontakt -- Docking hardware of the Soviet crewed lunar spacecraft program
Wikipedia - Soyuz programme -- Human spaceflight programme of the Soviet Union
Wikipedia - Soyuz program
Wikipedia - Soyuz (spacecraft) -- Series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz T-10 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Soyuz T-9 -- Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
Wikipedia - Space Chase USA -- 2019 PBS film documentary about the Apollo space program and its effects on a small Florida town
Wikipedia - Space Hero -- Reality television program
Wikipedia - Space Launch Initiative -- US NASA & DOD program 2000-2002
Wikipedia - Space program
Wikipedia - SpaceShipOne flight 16P -- 2004 spaceflight in the Tier One program
Wikipedia - Space Shuttle design process -- Development program of the NASA Space Shuttle
Wikipedia - Space Shuttle program
Wikipedia - Space Task Group -- Group of NASA engineers working on the manned spaceflight program starting in 1958
Wikipedia - SpaceX Mars program -- Mars mission envisioned by SpaceX
Wikipedia - SpaceX reusable launch system development program -- All about SpaceX's reusable launch system development program
Wikipedia - Spambot -- Computer spam program (malware)
Wikipedia - Spark NLP -- Text processing programming library
Wikipedia - SPARK (programming language)
Wikipedia - Special Access Program
Wikipedia - Special Immigrant Visa -- programs for receiving visas to the United States
Wikipedia - Special-purpose programming language
Wikipedia - Spencer Kimball (computer programmer) -- American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and business
Wikipedia - Spider-Man: The New Animated Series -- Television program
Wikipedia - Spin (programming language)
Wikipedia - SPITBOL -- Implementation of the SNOBOL4 programming language.
Wikipedia - Splash! (academic outreach program) -- Academic outreach program organized by university students
Wikipedia - Sport on Friday -- BBC television sports programme
Wikipedia - Sports Desk (Philippine TV program) -- Philippines sports news program
Wikipedia - SPOT (TSA program)
Wikipedia - S (programming language)
Wikipedia - Spuiten en Slikken -- Dutch television program
Wikipedia - SQLJ -- Combination of SQL and Java within programs
Wikipedia - Square One Television -- American children's television program
Wikipedia - Squirrel (programming language)
Wikipedia - SR (programming language)
Wikipedia - Stable Image Platform Program
Wikipedia - Stack-oriented programming language
Wikipedia - Stack-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Stack Overflow -- Website hosting questions and answers on a wide range of topics in computer programming
Wikipedia - Stairway to Stardom (1950 TV program) -- US music television program (1950-1951)
Wikipedia - Stamp program -- entire process of postage stamp issuance and distribution by the organization
Wikipedia - Standalone program
Wikipedia - Standard ML -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Starcade -- American game show television program
Wikipedia - StarDate -- American science radio program
Wikipedia - Star of the Family (TV program) -- American television series (1950-52)
Wikipedia - Starship Regulars -- 1999 animated cartoon series, parodying science fiction programs such as Star Trek
Wikipedia - Stars' Top Recipe at Fun-Staurant -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Star Trek: Phase II -- Un-aired television program
Wikipedia - Statement (programming)
Wikipedia - State of the Nation (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Stateroom (surveillance program)
Wikipedia - State Socialism (Germany) -- Set of welfare programmes implemented in the German Empire
Wikipedia - Static program analysis
Wikipedia - Stefan Hechenberger -- Austrian artist and programmer
Wikipedia - STEM Journals -- Television program
Wikipedia - Stephen Crow (game programmer)
Wikipedia - Sterling (program)
Wikipedia - Steve Capps -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Steve Coast -- British computer programmer
Wikipedia - Steve Gibson (computer programmer) -- Computer enthusiast, software engineer and security researcher
Wikipedia - Steven Batiste -- US programmer and business executive
Wikipedia - Steven McGeady -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Steve Wozniak -- American inventor, computer engineer, and programmer
Wikipedia - Steve Wright in the Afternoon -- British radio program
Wikipedia - StjM-CM-$rnorna pM-CM-% slottet -- Swedish television programme
Wikipedia - St. Mary's Seahawks sailing -- College sailing program
Wikipedia - Stochastic programming
Wikipedia - Stored program computer
Wikipedia - Stored-program computer -- Computer that stores program instructions in electronically or optically accessible memory
Wikipedia - Stored program control
Wikipedia - Stored program
Wikipedia - Straight from the Shoulder (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Straight Up Steve Austin -- Reality television program
Wikipedia - Strand (programming language)
Wikipedia - Strategic Sealift Officer Program -- membership
Wikipedia - Stray Kids (TV series) -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Street Food Fighter -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - String (programming)
Wikipedia - Strongly typed programming language
Wikipedia - Strongly-typed programming language
Wikipedia - Strong programme
Wikipedia - Stropping (programming)
Wikipedia - Struct (C programming language)
Wikipedia - Structural Reform Support Service -- European Union reform support programme
Wikipedia - Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs -- Computer science textbook
Wikipedia - Structured Programming
Wikipedia - Structured programming -- Programming paradigm aimed at improving clarity, quality, and development time by using control structures
Wikipedia - Structured program theorem -- Control flow graphs with 3 types of control structures can compute any computable function
Wikipedia - STS-51-L -- Disastrous Twenty-fifth flight of the American Space Shuttle program
Wikipedia - STUDENT (computer program)
Wikipedia - Student Spaceflight Experiments Program -- education outreach and spaceflight program
Wikipedia - Studio 360 -- Defunct American weekly public radio program
Wikipedia - Studio 7 (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Subject-oriented programming
Wikipedia - Subjects (programming)
Wikipedia - Subprograms
Wikipedia - SubRip -- Program that extracts subtitles from video
Wikipedia - SUBSAFE -- US Navy submarine quality assurance program
Wikipedia - Subtext (programming language)
Wikipedia - Successive linear programming
Wikipedia - Summer camp -- Supervised program for children or teenagers conducted during the summer months
Wikipedia - Summer Food Service Program -- Federal program reimbursing organizations for children's meals
Wikipedia - Summer Science Program
Wikipedia - Summertime (TV programme) -- Irish short film
Wikipedia - Sunday Evening with Vladimir Solovyov -- Russian TV program
Wikipedia - Sunday Live with Adam Boulton -- Former political discussion programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Sunday (New Zealand TV programme) -- Current affairs programme broadcast on TV ONE in New Zealand
Wikipedia - Sunrise (British TV programme) -- British breakfast programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Super 30 -- Indian educational program started in Patna, India
Wikipedia - Superband (TV program) -- South Korean television show
Wikipedia - SUPER BASIC -- Dialect of the BASIC programming language
Wikipedia - Super Hero Time -- Japanese television programming block
Wikipedia - Supernanny (American TV series) -- US-American version of the British television programme ''Supernanny''
Wikipedia - Supernanny -- British television programme
Wikipedia - Superplan -- Programming language with strong abstraction from details of hardware
Wikipedia - Super Rookie -- Television program
Wikipedia - Superstars of Wrestling (Canadian TV series) -- 1970s professional wrestling program
Wikipedia - Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program -- United States government food assistance program
Wikipedia - Supplemental Security Income -- United States government program that provides stipends to low-income people who are either aged 65 or older, blind, or disabled
Wikipedia - Surveyor program -- 1960s NASA program to soft-land robotic probes on the Moon
Wikipedia - Survival of the Richest -- US reality television program
Wikipedia - Svenska nyheter -- Swedish weekly satirical comedy programme
Wikipedia - Sweet Spy -- Television program
Wikipedia - Swift Justice -- US television program
Wikipedia - Swift (programming language)
Wikipedia - Swiss Media Database -- TV program
Wikipedia - SYCL -- Higher-level programming model for OpenCL
Wikipedia - Symbolic Assembly Program
Wikipedia - Symbolic language (programming)
Wikipedia - Symbolic Manipulation Program
Wikipedia - Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program
Wikipedia - Symbolic programming
Wikipedia - Symbol (programming)
Wikipedia - Symphonie fantastique -- Program symphony by Hector Berlioz
Wikipedia - Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming
Wikipedia - Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages
Wikipedia - Symposium on Trends in Functional Programming
Wikipedia - Synchronous programming language
Wikipedia - Syntactic noise -- Syntax that makes a programming language less human readable
Wikipedia - Syntactic sugar -- Programming language syntax designed for ease of use
Wikipedia - Syntax (programming languages)
Wikipedia - Synthetic programming
Wikipedia - System call -- Mechanism used by an application program to request service from the kernel of the operating system
Wikipedia - System deployment -- Deployment of a mechanical device, electrical system, computer program from packaged to operational states
Wikipedia - System for Cross-domain Identity Management -- Application Programming Interface for user provisioning
Wikipedia - System programming language
Wikipedia - System programming
Wikipedia - Systems programmer
Wikipedia - Systems programming language
Wikipedia - Systems programming
Wikipedia - System Support Program
Wikipedia - Tacit programming
Wikipedia - TACPOL (programming language)
Wikipedia - TACTIC (military program) -- American military research program
Wikipedia - Tactile programming language
Wikipedia - Tae Soo Do -- Martial art systems or martial arts program
Wikipedia - Taipei International TV Market & Forum -- Annual Asian TV program industry convention
Wikipedia - Tales from the Poop Deck -- British children's comedy programme
Wikipedia - Talk of the Nation -- American talk radio program
Wikipedia - Talk Soup -- US television program
Wikipedia - Talk Stoop -- US television program
Wikipedia - Talpiot program
Wikipedia - Tara Ruttley -- Associate Program Scientist for the International Space Station at NASA's Johnson Space Center
Wikipedia - Tarn Adams -- American computer game programmer
Wikipedia - Taylor Opportunity Program for Students -- Scholarship program in Louisiana
Wikipedia - Tc (Linux) -- Linux user-space utility program
Wikipedia - Tcl programming language
Wikipedia - Tcl -- High-level programming language
Wikipedia - Teacher Institute at La Academia -- Teacher training program
Wikipedia - Teamo Supremo -- Television program
Wikipedia - Tea (programming language)
Wikipedia - TechEdSat -- Space technology development program
Wikipedia - Ted Henter -- American computer programmer and businessman
Wikipedia - TED Radio Hour -- US radio program
Wikipedia - Teen Summit -- US television program
Wikipedia - Telangana Ku Haritha Haram -- Telangana government tree-planting programme
Wikipedia - Telephony Application Programming Interface
Wikipedia - Televisa Regional -- Local programming unit of Televisa
Wikipedia - Television antenna -- Antenna used with a television to receive television programs
Wikipedia - Television film -- feature film that is a television program produced for and originally distributed by a television network
Wikipedia - Television network -- Telecommunications network for distribution of television program content
Wikipedia - Television producer -- person who oversees aspects of video production on a television program
Wikipedia - Television program
Wikipedia - Television special -- Type of television program
Wikipedia - Template metaprogramming
Wikipedia - Template (programming)
Wikipedia - Template talk:ALGOL programming
Wikipedia - Template talk:APL programming language
Wikipedia - Template talk:Apollo program hardware
Wikipedia - Template talk:C programming language
Wikipedia - Template talk:C++ programming language
Wikipedia - Template talk:Lisp programming language
Wikipedia - Template talk:Lua programming language
Wikipedia - Template talk:Mathematical programming
Wikipedia - Template talk:Pascal programming language family
Wikipedia - Template talk:Program execution
Wikipedia - Template talk:Programming language generations
Wikipedia - Template talk:Programming language lists
Wikipedia - Template talk:Programming languages
Wikipedia - Template talk:Programming paradigms
Wikipedia - Template talk:Python (programming language)
Wikipedia - Template talk:Ruby programming language
Wikipedia - Template talk:Smalltalk programming language
Wikipedia - Template talk:Types of programming languages
Wikipedia - Temptation Island (TV series) -- American reality television program
Wikipedia - TennCare -- Tennessee Medicaid program
Wikipedia - Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country -- 1993 work by Kim Il-sung
Wikipedia - Ten-Point Program -- Foundational document for the Black Panther Party
Wikipedia - Terminal emulator -- Program that emulates a video terminal
Wikipedia - Terminate and stay resident program
Wikipedia - Terrorist Surveillance Program
Wikipedia - Terry A. Davis -- American computer programmer, creator of TempleOS
Wikipedia - Texas A&M-Commerce Lions women's soccer -- Collegiate women's soccer program
Wikipedia - Textadept -- Programmer's text editor using Scintilla
Wikipedia - Text Executive Programming Language
Wikipedia - TGIF (TV programming block) -- American television programming block
Wikipedia - Thames News -- Former flagship regional news programme of Thames Television
Wikipedia - That's Entertainment (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - That Thing with Rich Appel -- Weekly three-hour radio program
Wikipedia - The ABC Sunday Night Movie -- Television program
Wikipedia - The Adventures of Paddy the Pelican -- US television program
Wikipedia - The American Music Show -- American queer television program (1981-2005)
Wikipedia - The American School of the Air -- Educational radio program
Wikipedia - The Andrew Neil Show -- 2019 British television programme
Wikipedia - The Art of Computer Programming -- Series of tomes by Donald Knuth
Wikipedia - The Art of Unix Programming
Wikipedia - The Avengers (TV programme) -- British espionage television series created in 1961
Wikipedia - The AWK Programming Language
Wikipedia - The Baby Blue Movie -- Canadian softcore porn TV programming
Wikipedia - The Beat (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - The Big Gig -- Australian comedy television program
Wikipedia - The Big Story (TV program) -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - The BJ Shea Morning Experience -- American radio program
Wikipedia - The Cage (radio show) -- Australian radio programs
Wikipedia - The Chiefs (TV program) -- Philippine television program
Wikipedia - The Choice (TV series) -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Chris Moyles Show -- British radio program
Wikipedia - The Code: Crime and Justice -- Australian television program
Wikipedia - The Computer Programme
Wikipedia - The C Programming Language (book)
Wikipedia - The C++ Programming Language
Wikipedia - The C Programming Language -- Programming book written by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
Wikipedia - The Creaking Door -- South African radio program
Wikipedia - The Cricket Social -- Cricket television programme
Wikipedia - The CW Plus -- National programming feed of The CW for smaller U.S. media markets
Wikipedia - The Daily Buzz -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Daily Quiz! -- British quiz channel and TV programme
Wikipedia - The Daily Show -- American late-night satirical television program
Wikipedia - The Dan Patrick Show -- US television program
Wikipedia - The David Pakman Show -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Delay Show -- Ghanaian television program
Wikipedia - The Duke of Edinburgh's Award -- Youth award programme in the UK
Wikipedia - The Early Rundown (Sky News) -- Breakfast television news programme, broadcast weekdays on Sky News
Wikipedia - The Elements of Programming Style
Wikipedia - The Essentials (TV program) -- American television series on TCM
Wikipedia - The Final Word with Rico Hizon -- Philippine late night news program
Wikipedia - The Fishermen and the City -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - The FIZZ -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Frightened -- A radio program broadcast in the late 1950s
Wikipedia - The Fullbridge Program -- Educational technology company
Wikipedia - The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera -- TV programming block
Wikipedia - The Gabby Hayes Show -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Glen Campbell Music Show -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Goddamn George Liquor Program -- Web series
Wikipedia - The Goldbergs (broadcast series) -- Television program
Wikipedia - The Good Night Show -- American television programming block
Wikipedia - The Good Old Days (British TV series) -- BBC television light entertainment programme
Wikipedia - The Great Eastern (radio show) -- Canadian radio program
Wikipedia - The Head -- Television program
Wikipedia - The Housewives' Protective League -- CBS radio program
Wikipedia - The Human Adventure (TV series) -- French documentary television programme
Wikipedia - The Jack Benny Program (season 4) -- Season of television series
Wikipedia - The Jack Benny Program -- US radio-TV comedy series
Wikipedia - The Jack Carson Show -- Radio comedy-variety program
Wikipedia - The Jack Eigen Show -- American television program
Wikipedia - The Journal (Canadian TV program) -- Canadian television show
Wikipedia - The King's Messengers -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Larry Sanders Show -- American television program
Wikipedia - The Last Day (Doctor Who) -- Mini-episode of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who
Wikipedia - The Lia Show -- Nationally syndicated country music and entertainment radio program
Wikipedia - The Life Scientific -- BBC Radio 4 science biography programme
Wikipedia - The Linux Programming Interface
Wikipedia - The Live Desk (British TV programme) -- Former television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - The Live Desk (U.S. TV program)
Wikipedia - The Lohmann Affair -- Weimar Republic political scandal concerning a secret rearmament program
Wikipedia - The Marvel Action Hour -- Syndicated programming block
Wikipedia - The Master Game -- BBC chess programme
Wikipedia - The McLaughlin Group -- Public affairs television program
Wikipedia - The Media Project -- American weekly radio program
Wikipedia - The Mike Wallace Interview -- US television program 1957-1960
Wikipedia - The Minimalist Program
Wikipedia - Themis programme -- Space Agency programme
Wikipedia - The Money Drop Myanmar -- Burmese television program
Wikipedia - The Money Wheel -- American television program
Wikipedia - THE multiprogramming system
Wikipedia - The News Hour with Mark Austin -- Early evening news programme, broadcast weekdays on Sky News
Wikipedia - The News with Shepard Smith -- CNBC news television program
Wikipedia - The New Teacher Project -- Teacher training program
Wikipedia - The Next 700 Programming Languages
Wikipedia - The Night of Hate Comments -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - The Odd Couple (1970 TV series) -- Television program based on the play and movie of the same name
Wikipedia - The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism
Wikipedia - The Old Grey Whistle Test -- British music television programme
Wikipedia - The O'Neills -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Ongoing History of New Music -- Canadian radio program
Wikipedia - The Palace (computer program)
Wikipedia - The Palmolive Hour -- Radio program
Wikipedia - The Planet's Funniest Animals -- American home video clip television program
Wikipedia - The Pledge (British TV programme) -- Panel discussion programme, broadcast weekly on Sky News
Wikipedia - The Practice of Programming
Wikipedia - The Pragmatic Programmer
Wikipedia - The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer
Wikipedia - The Prison Show -- News program and radio show for inmates
Wikipedia - The Program (2015 film) -- 2015 film
Wikipedia - The Program (novel)
Wikipedia - The Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa -- Literacy research program in South Africa
Wikipedia - The Project (New Zealand TV programme) -- New Zealand current affairs television program
Wikipedia - The PTL Club -- American Christian television program
Wikipedia - The Pulse (TV programme) -- Hong Kong weekly current affairs television program
Wikipedia - The Putin Interviews -- 2017 television programme
Wikipedia - The Reality of Speed -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Real McCoys -- American television program 1957-1963
Wikipedia - The Rear Guard -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Red and the Blue (TV series) -- Short animated TV programs made in Italy
Wikipedia - There Goes a... -- US television program
Wikipedia - There's more than one way to do it -- Perl programming motto
Wikipedia - The Rifleman -- American Western television program
Wikipedia - The Saint (Edwin Astley song) -- Theme of British television programme The Saint
Wikipedia - The Sarah-Jane Mee Show -- Afternoon news programme, broadcast weekdays on Sky News
Wikipedia - The Sheriff of Cochise -- TV program
Wikipedia - The Shivering Truth -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Show (South Korean TV series) -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - The Simple Life -- Television program
Wikipedia - The Site -- US television program
Wikipedia - The Sky Report -- Former evening television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - The Story of Mel -- Computer programmer
Wikipedia - The Story of... -- Series of documentary style programmes by Channel 5
Wikipedia - The Story with Dick Gordon -- Weekday interview program
Wikipedia - The Stream -- Daily television programme on Al Jazeera English
Wikipedia - The Sunny Side Up Show -- US television programming block
Wikipedia - The Sweet Life (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - The Takeaway -- Morning radio news program
Wikipedia - The Titan Games -- Sports competition television program
Wikipedia - The Tracey Ullman Show -- Television program
Wikipedia - The Underseas Explorers -- US television program
Wikipedia - The UNIX Programming Environment
Wikipedia - The Unix Programming Environment
Wikipedia - The Voice Kids (German TV series) -- German television program
Wikipedia - The Voice Myanmar -- Burmese television program
Wikipedia - The Voyage of the Odyssey -- 5-year program conducted by Ocean Alliance which collected the first baseline data set on contaminants in the worldM-bM-^@M-^Ys oceans
Wikipedia - The World (radio program) -- Global news radio, audio and multi-platform program
Wikipedia - The World Today (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Third-generation programming language
Wikipedia - This American Life -- US public radio program
Wikipedia - This (computer programming) -- In programming languages, the object or class the currently running code belongs tot
Wikipedia - This Morning (TV programme) -- British daytime television programme
Wikipedia - Thomas Bushnell -- American software programmer
Wikipedia - Thomas G. Shanks -- American computer programmer, author
Wikipedia - Those Who Cross the Line -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Thousand Talents Plan -- Chinese academic program
Wikipedia - Threading Building Blocks -- C++ programming library
Wikipedia - Three-North Shelter Forest Program
Wikipedia - Thriller (genre) -- Genre of literature, film, and television programming
Wikipedia - Thue (programming language)
Wikipedia - Thunk (functional programming)
Wikipedia - TI-55 -- Programmable calculator produced by Texas Instruments
Wikipedia - TI-57 -- Programmable calculator produced by Texas Instruments
Wikipedia - TI-59 / TI-58 -- Programmable calculator produced by Texas Instruments
Wikipedia - TI-74 -- Programmable calculator produced by Texas Instruments
Wikipedia - TI-95 -- Programmable calculator produced by Texas Instruments
Wikipedia - Tiangong program -- Space station program of the People's Republic of China
Wikipedia - TI-BASIC 83 -- Calculator programming language
Wikipedia - TickIT -- Software quality system certification program
Wikipedia - Tienerklanken -- Belgian Dutch-language pop music television programme
Wikipedia - Timeline of programming languages
Wikipedia - Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program -- Chronology of the North Korean nuclear program
Wikipedia - Timeshift channel -- Television channel carrying a time-delayed rebroadcast of its main channel's programming
Wikipedia - Tim O'Reilly -- Irish computer programmer, author and businessman
Wikipedia - Tim Paterson -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Tim Skelly -- Video game programmer
Wikipedia - TINA (program) -- Electronics design and training software
Wikipedia - Tiny BASIC -- BASIC programming languages designed for under 4Kb
Wikipedia - TIOBE index -- Measure of popularity of programming languages
Wikipedia - TIOBE Programming Community Index
Wikipedia - Titans All Access -- US television program
Wikipedia - Title IX -- United States federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in federally-funded education programs
Wikipedia - TM-CM-)lM-CM-)foot -- French television programme
Wikipedia - TM-CM-)lM-CM-)toon la nuit -- Television programming block
Wikipedia - TNBC -- American programming block
Wikipedia - TNN Motor Sports -- Television sports programming specializing in auto sports
Wikipedia - Today (American TV program) -- American morning television program broadcast on NBC
Wikipedia - Today (Australian TV program) -- Australian breakfast television show
Wikipedia - Today (NBC program)
Wikipedia - Today programme
Wikipedia - Today (Thames Television series) -- Thames Television news magazine programme
Wikipedia - Today (U.S. TV program)
Wikipedia - Today with Claire Byrne -- Irish radio program
Wikipedia - Tom Hudson (programmer) -- American computer programme
Wikipedia - Tomorrow's Pioneers -- Television program
Wikipedia - Tom Proulx -- American computer programmer and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Tom Van Vleck -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Tonight (1957 TV programme) -- BBC television current affairs programme from 1957 to 1965
Wikipedia - Tony Guntharp -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Tool-assisted speedrun -- Preprogrammed sequence of controller inputs used to perform tasks in video games
Wikipedia - Toolchain -- Set of programming tools that is used to perform a complex software development task or to create a software product
Wikipedia - Toonami (Australian TV programming block)
Wikipedia - Toonturama -- Children's programming block on UniMas
Wikipedia - Top-down programming
Wikipedia - Top-rated United States television programs by season -- The top-rated TV programs in the U.S.
Wikipedia - Top-rated United States television programs of 1969-70 -- List of United States television programs
Wikipedia - Top (software) -- Task manager program found in many Unix-like operating systems
Wikipedia - TorqueScript (programming language)
Wikipedia - Total functional programming
Wikipedia - Total Information Awareness -- US mass detection program
Wikipedia - Totally Clueless -- US television program
Wikipedia - To Town with Terry -- BBC radio programme
Wikipedia - T (programming language)
Wikipedia - Tracing just-in-time compilation -- Technique used to optimize the execution of a program at runtime
Wikipedia - TRAC (programming language)
Wikipedia - TRAC programming language
Wikipedia - Trading Spaces -- American television reality program
Wikipedia - Trading stamp -- Small paper coupons given to customers by merchants in loyalty marketing programs
Wikipedia - Trainer (games) -- Program that modifies computer game memory to allow cheating
Wikipedia - Trait (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Transcendental Meditation movement -- Programs and organizations connected to Transcendental Meditation
Wikipedia - Transient (computer programming)
Wikipedia - Transition Year -- Optional one-year school programme in Ireland
Wikipedia - Transmission Control Program
Wikipedia - Trans-Siberian Pathfinders -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Traveler (2007 TV series) -- American TV program
Wikipedia - Traveler (South Korean TV series) -- Korean television entertainment program
Wikipedia - Travelling Market -- Television program
Wikipedia - Trekkie -- Fan of the television program Star Trek
Wikipedia - Trevor Blackwell -- American programmer
Wikipedia - Trick & True -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Trident (UK nuclear programme) -- UK nuclear programme for development, procurement and operation of Trident nuclear weapons
Wikipedia - Triple Threat (game show) -- American television program
Wikipedia - Trito Programma Vrahea -- Radio station operated by the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation
Wikipedia - Trump Card -- US television program
Wikipedia - Trung Dung -- American businessman and programmer
Wikipedia - Truth & Iliza -- American late-night talk and news satire program
Wikipedia - TsKB-60 -- Russian military aviation program
Wikipedia - T-Square (software) -- Early technical drawing program
Wikipedia - Tucker Carlson Tonight -- US television program
Wikipedia - Tufts Jumbos sailing -- College sailing program
Wikipedia - Tugs (TV series) -- British children's programme
Wikipedia - Turing (programming language)
Wikipedia - TUTOR (programming language)
Wikipedia - TUTOR -- programming language
Wikipedia - TVLine -- Website devoted to information about television programs
Wikipedia - Tweak programming environment
Wikipedia - Twelve-step program -- organizations for recovery from addiction
Wikipedia - Two Fat Ladies -- Television cooking programme
Wikipedia - T-X program -- US Air Force advanced trainer acquisition program
Wikipedia - Type-in program -- Software whose source code is entered by the user
Wikipedia - Types and Programming Languages
Wikipedia - Tyree Scott Freedom School -- Educational program on social justice and anti-racist organizing in Seattle, Washington, USA
Wikipedia - TZGZ -- Late night programming block on Syfy
Wikipedia - UConn Huskies -- College athletic program of the University of Connecticut, US
Wikipedia - Udan Panam -- Indian malayalam television programme
Wikipedia - Uganda Program on Cancer and Infectious Diseases -- Cancer research program in Uganda
Wikipedia - UltraViolet (system) -- Cloud-based digital rights locker for films and TV programs
Wikipedia - Una tarde cualquiera -- Argentine TV program
Wikipedia - Underdog (TV series) -- Animated television program
Wikipedia - Underfist: Halloween Bash -- 2008 television program directed by Shaun Cashman
Wikipedia - Undergraduate education -- Academic programs up to the level of a bachelor's degree
Wikipedia - Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program
Wikipedia - UN Environmental Programme
Wikipedia - Unexpected Q -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Unicon (programming language) -- Programming language descended from Icon
Wikipedia - Uniface (programming language) -- Low-code development platform
Wikipedia - Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program -- Road space rationing in the Philippines
Wikipedia - Unifying Theories of Programming
Wikipedia - Unisys MCP programming languages
Wikipedia - United Kingdom government austerity programme -- Fiscal policy
Wikipedia - United Nations Development Programme -- Global development network of United Nations
Wikipedia - United Nations Environment Programme -- Programme of the United Nations
Wikipedia - United Nations Humanitarian Air Service -- Air Transport programme for the United Nations
Wikipedia - United Nations Human Settlements Programme -- UN agency for human settlements and sustainable urban development
Wikipedia - United Nations REDD Programme
Wikipedia - United States Antarctic Program
Wikipedia - United States biological weapons program -- Military program
Wikipedia - United States Coast Guard Auxiliary University Programs -- United States Coast Guard initiative
Wikipedia - United States Federal Witness Protection Program -- To protect threatened witnesses before, during, and after a trial.
Wikipedia - United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs -- Standing subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee
Wikipedia - United States Senate Youth Program -- American scholarship competition
Wikipedia - United States Trustee Program -- Division of the Department of Justice
Wikipedia - United World College of the Adriatic -- An International Baccalaureate program at the United World Colleges in Italy
Wikipedia - Universal Referral Program -- A system to complete recreational scuba training with another instructor
Wikipedia - Universal remote -- Remote control that can be programmed to operate various brands of one or more types of consumer electronics devices
Wikipedia - University of London International Programmes
Wikipedia - University of Puerto Rico School of Law -- Graduate school program of University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
Wikipedia - University of Virginia School of Continuing and Professional Studies -- adult continuing education and distance learning program
Wikipedia - UNIX Network Programming
Wikipedia - Unknown Sender -- US television program
Wikipedia - Unlambda -- Functional programming language
Wikipedia - Unstructured programming
Wikipedia - U-Pass BC -- Post-secondary public transit program in British Columbia, Canada
Wikipedia - Updates (TV program) -- Philippine news brief television program
Wikipedia - Urban Cops -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Urchin (software) -- Discontinued web statistics analysis program
Wikipedia - Ur (programming language)
Wikipedia - U.S. Army airships -- 1908-1937 U.S. Army program to operate airships
Wikipedia - UTeach -- Teacher certification program
Wikipedia - UWF Fury Hour -- American professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - UWN Primetime Live -- American professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - V-12 Navy College Training Program -- US Navy program that trained personnel in engineering, foreign languages, and medicine
Wikipedia - Vala (programming language)
Wikipedia - Valgrind -- Programming tool for profiling, memory debugging and memory leak detection
Wikipedia - Value-level programming
Wikipedia - Variable (programming)
Wikipedia - Varsity Scouting -- Former Boy Scouts of America program
Wikipedia - Vector Architect -- Vector graphics editing program
Wikipedia - Venera -- A Soviet program that explored Venus with multiple probes
Wikipedia - VERB (program)
Wikipedia - Very high-level programming language
Wikipedia - VEX Robotics -- Robotics competition program for students
Wikipedia - Vic and Sade -- American radio program
Wikipedia - Vice News Tonight -- Television news program
Wikipedia - Video game programmer -- Software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebase for video games
Wikipedia - Video game programming
Wikipedia - Video Mods -- US television program
Wikipedia - Vidix -- Programming interface for Unix
Wikipedia - Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action -- Human rights declaration
Wikipedia - Vietnam Combat Artists Program -- U.S. Army program for artists
Wikipedia - Viewpoint (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Viking program -- A pair of NASA landers and orbiters sent to Mars in 1976
Wikipedia - Village Survival, the Eight -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Vilma (Philippine TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Violent Criminal Apprehension Program -- Unit of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Wikipedia - Virgil Griffith -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Virtual channel -- Method of remapping a digital program stream to a channel number
Wikipedia - Virtual Programming (company) -- Video game publisher
Wikipedia - Virtual university -- University that provides higher education programs through electronic media, typically the Internet
Wikipedia - Visiting Tutor -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Visual Basic for Applications -- Implementation of Microsoft's event-driven programming language Visual Basic 6
Wikipedia - Visual Basic -- Event-driven programming language
Wikipedia - Visual programming language
Wikipedia - Vitalik Buterin -- Russian-Canadian programmer and writer
Wikipedia - Volume licensing -- Practice of selling a license authorizing one computer program to be used on a large number of computers or by a large number of users
Wikipedia - Von Neumann programming languages
Wikipedia - Voskhod programme
Wikipedia - Vostok programme
Wikipedia - Vostok program
Wikipedia - Voyager program -- American NASA scientific program about the space probes Voyager 1 and Voyager 2
Wikipedia - Vremya -- 1968 television programme
Wikipedia - Vulkan (API) -- Cross-platform 3D graphics and computing programming interface
Wikipedia - VXX -- Procurement program to replace aging Marine One helicopters
Wikipedia - W5 (TV program) -- Canadian news magazine television series
Wikipedia - Waka Waka Moo -- Children's television program in Namibia.
Wikipedia - Walter Bright -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - Ward Cunningham -- American computer programmer who developed the first wiki
Wikipedia - Warsaw Concerto -- Programme music by Richard Addinsell
Wikipedia - Warsaw Shore (series 12) -- Polish television programme
Wikipedia - Warsaw Shore (series 13) -- Polish television programme
Wikipedia - Washington Journal -- American political call-in and interview television program
Wikipedia - WATFIV (programming language)
Wikipedia - Wayne Bell -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - WCW All Nighter -- Professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - WCW Monday Nitro -- WCW television program
Wikipedia - Weapon Plus -- Fictional comic book program
Wikipedia - Weather Center -- Flagship news and weather television program of The Weather Channel
Wikipedia - Web design program
Wikipedia - Web programming
Wikipedia - Weekend (1973 TV program) -- American television newsmagazine program that aired on NBC from 1974 to 1979
Wikipedia - Weekend Edition -- American radio news magazine programs
Wikipedia - Weekend Lunchtime -- Former weekend television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - Weekend Playlist -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - We Hold These Truths -- American radio program
Wikipedia - Weight Watchers (diet) -- A commercial diet and comprehensive program for weight loss and healthier diet
Wikipedia - We K-Pop -- Korean television program
Wikipedia - Welfare State Futures Programme -- European research program
Wikipedia - WERD (historic radio station) -- Historic radio station in Atlanta, Georgia which was the first radio station owned and programmed by African Americans
Wikipedia - WeScheme -- Online programming environment
Wikipedia - West German rearmament -- United States program to help build up the military of West Germany after World War II
Wikipedia - What Would You Do? (2008 TV program) -- Hidden camera television series presented by John QuiM-CM-1ones
Wikipedia - Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show) -- US television program
Wikipedia - Whiley (programming language)
Wikipedia - Whitespace (programming language)
Wikipedia - Who is the Millionaire (Vietnamese game show) -- TV game show program
Wikipedia - Whole program optimization
Wikipedia - Who's Whose -- US television program
Wikipedia - WIC -- U.S. federal government program providing food assistance for low-income women and children
Wikipedia - Wide World of Sports (American TV program) -- Television series
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:Education program/Ambassadors -- Historical document
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:Education program -- Educating people about Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:GLAM/Balboa Park -- Wikimedia cultural partnership program
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:GLAM/British Library -- Wikimedia cultural partnership program
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:GLAM/British Museum -- Wikimedia cultural partnership program
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:GLAM/George Washington University -- Wikimedia cultural partnership program
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:GLAM/Smithsonian Institution -- Wikimedia cultural partnership program
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:GLAM/Teylers -- Wikimedia cultural partnership program
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:GLAM/The Children's Museum of Indianapolis -- Wikimedia cultural partnership program
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:HotCat -- JavaScript program which helps to easily remove, change and add categories to Wikipedia pages
Wikipedia - Wikipedia:India Education Program -- historical document
Wikipedia - Will Harvey -- Computer programmer and businessperson
Wikipedia - William Barden Jr. -- American computer programmer
Wikipedia - William Crowther (programmer)
Wikipedia - William J. Liquori Jr. -- U.S. Space Force Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Strategy, Plans, Programs, Requirements, and Analysis
Wikipedia - William John Sullivan -- American software programmer
Wikipedia - William Kolodney -- Russian-born American cultural educator and program director for the 92nd Street Y and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City
Wikipedia - William Whitaker's Words -- Latin-English dictionary program
Wikipedia - Wimp 2 Warrior -- Mixed martial arts training program
Wikipedia - Windows API -- Microsoft's core set of application programming interfaces on Windows
Wikipedia - Wine club -- Wine membership program
Wikipedia - WinMX -- Freeware peer-to-peer file sharing program
Wikipedia - Wired Science -- US television program
Wikipedia - WireTap (radio program) -- Canadian radio show
Wikipedia - Wisconsin-River Falls Falcons softball -- Collegiate softball program
Wikipedia - Wisconsin Secure Program Facility -- Male prison in Boscobel, Wisconsin, United States
Wikipedia - WMLScript -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Wolfram Demonstrations Project -- Organized and open-source collection of interactive programs representing ideas from a range of fields
Wikipedia - Wolfram Mathematica -- Computational software program
Wikipedia - Woman's Hour -- BBC radio magazine programme for women, broadcast on Radio 4 in the United Kingdom.
Wikipedia - Women's School of Planning and Architecture -- The Women's School of Planning and Architecture (WSPA) was an educational program for women interested in architecture, planning, and environmental design that presented sessions and symposia based on principles of the women's liberation movement between 1976 and 1981
Wikipedia - Word of Mouth (TV program) -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Word processor program -- Computer program that provides word processing functions
Wikipedia - Word processor -- Device or computer program used for writing and editing documents
Wikipedia - Works Progress Administration -- United States federal government program active during the 1930s, which financed public programs of building and arts
Wikipedia - World Cafe (radio program) -- WXPN music radio program
Wikipedia - World Climate Programme -- Organization
Wikipedia - World Food Programme -- Food-assistance branch of the United Nations
Wikipedia - World in Action -- British investigative current affairs programme
Wikipedia - World Learning -- International nonprofit organization that focuses on international development, education, and exchange programs
Wikipedia - World News Now -- American television news program
Wikipedia - World News Today -- BBC current affairs / news programme
Wikipedia - World News Tonight (TV series) -- Former evening television news programme, broadcast on Sky News
Wikipedia - World Ocean Circulation Experiment -- A component of the international World Climate Research Program
Wikipedia - World of Sport (Australian TV program) -- Television series
Wikipedia - World of Wonder (company) -- American production company known for its LGBTQ programming
Wikipedia - World Programming System
Wikipedia - World Scholar's Cup -- International team academic program
Wikipedia - World's Funniest Animals -- American reality television program
Wikipedia - World War One (TV series) -- US television program
Wikipedia - World Wide Association of Specialty Programs and Schools -- Child abuse-related organization
Wikipedia - WOW: The CatholicTV Challenge -- US television program
Wikipedia - Wrestling Society X -- US television program
Wikipedia - Wunderwaffe -- Propaganda term for WWII German weapons programmes
Wikipedia - WWE 205 Live -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Afterburn -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Bottom Line -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Classics on Demand -- WWE subscription television program
Wikipedia - WWE Experience -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Free for All -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Main Event -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE NXT -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Raw -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE SmackDown -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Velocity -- professional wrestling television program produced by World Wrestling Entertainment
Wikipedia - WWE Vintage -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Wal3ooha -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWE Worlds Collide (series) -- WWE television program
Wikipedia - WWF All American Wrestling -- Former WWF television program
Wikipedia - WWF Prime Time Wrestling -- Professional wrestling television program
Wikipedia - WWF Shotgun Saturday Night -- television program
Wikipedia - X10 (programming language)
Wikipedia - XC programming language
Wikipedia - Xinwen Lianbo -- Chinese state-broadcast television news program
Wikipedia - XL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Xochi Birch -- American programmer and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - XOD (programming language)
Wikipedia - Xploration Station -- Syndicated educational television programming block
Wikipedia - XQuery -- Functional programming and query language for XML
Wikipedia - XSharp -- dBase/xBase compatible programming language for Microsoft .NET
Wikipedia - Xuxa (American TV program) -- American children's television series
Wikipedia - Xwd -- Command-line program and file format
Wikipedia - Yakov Rekhter -- network protocol designer and software programmer
Wikipedia - Yale Bulldogs sailing -- College sailing program
Wikipedia - YARV -- Interpreter for the Ruby programming language
Wikipedia - Yasmin's Getting Married -- Australian reality television program
Wikipedia - YEd -- Diagramming program
Wikipedia - Yesterday's Men (TV programme) -- British television documentary
Wikipedia - YGLP -- International leadership program
Wikipedia - Yle OM-DM-^QM-DM-^Qasat -- Finnish television program
Wikipedia - YMCA SCUBA Program -- Defunct recreational diver training and certification agency.
Wikipedia - Yo Gabba Gabba! -- American television program
Wikipedia - Yogobara -- Television program
Wikipedia - Yorick (programming language)
Wikipedia - You aren't gonna need it -- Principle of extreme programming
Wikipedia - You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook -- South Korean television program
Wikipedia - Young Epidemiology Scholars -- Public health scholarship program
Wikipedia - Young Plan -- Program for settling Germany's World War I reparations written in August 1929
Wikipedia - Your Hit Parade -- American radio and television music program
Wikipedia - Your Hundred Best Tunes -- Radio programme
Wikipedia - Your Morning -- Canadian breakfast television program
Wikipedia - Your PC Protector -- Rogue antivirus program part of the Windows Police Pro and Windows Antivirus Pro family
Wikipedia - Your Show of Shows -- American variety television program 1950-1954
Wikipedia - Your World with Neil Cavuto -- American news and business television program
Wikipedia - Youth Crime Gun Interdiction Initiative -- Government program
Wikipedia - Youth On Board -- Youth organizing program.
Wikipedia - Youth Parliament Program -- Indian youth organization
Wikipedia - Yule Log (TV program) -- Seasonal television show
Wikipedia - ZeroBrane Studio -- Open-source IDE for the Lua programming language
Wikipedia - Zig (programming language) -- Programming language
Wikipedia - Zip bomb -- Malicious archive file designed to crash or render useless the program or system reading it
Wikipedia - Ziv Television Programs -- American production company
Wikipedia - ZmEu (vulnerability scanner) -- Program scanning for vulnerabilities in phpMyAdmin web servers.
Wikipedia - Zobrist hashing -- Hash function construction used in computer programs that play abstract board games
Wikipedia - ZoM-CM-+ Quinn -- American video game developer, video game programmer, and writer
Wikipedia - Zond failed missions -- Soviet robotic spacecraft program
Wikipedia - Zond program -- Soviet space program
Wikipedia - ZPL (programming language)
Wikipedia - Zumba -- Exercise program
Mark Zuckerberg ::: Born: May 14, 1984; Occupation: Programmer;
Larry Wall ::: Born: September 27, 1954; Occupation: Programmer;
Bill Budge ::: Born: 1954; Occupation: Game programmer;
Bob Garfield ::: Born: 1955; Occupation: Audio Program Host;
Eric S. Raymond ::: Born: December 4, 1957; Occupation: Programmer;
John McAfee ::: Born: September 18, 1945; Occupation: Computer programmer;
Aaron Swartz ::: Born: November 8, 1986; Died: January 11, 2013; Occupation: Computer programmer;
Guido van Rossum ::: Born: January 31, 1956; Occupation: Computer programmer;
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https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Extreme_programming
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/File:Elgin_Baylor_Night_program.jpeg
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Beavis & Butt-Head (1992 - 2011) - Beavis and Butt-head was first aired on the U.S. cable network MTV in March 1993. This show, which combined animation and music videos, was an example of the unique programming that MTV has consistently provided for its youthful demographics. The half-hour program alternated between a simple narrati...
Lamb Chop's Play Along (1992 - 1997) - Lamb Chop's Play-Along is a children's television series that ran on PBS from 1992 until 1997. The half-hour program starred Shari Lewis, a puppeteer and ventriloquist, and Lambchop, described as a feisty 6-year-old girl. The goal of the show was to encourage kids to participate, to come play, inste...
Zoobilee Zoo (1986 - 1987) - Zoobilee Zoo, a children's television program featuring costumed performers dressed as animal characters, aired from 19861987, then in syndication until 2001 on several television channels including commercial network television stations, public television stations, The Learning Channel, and the Ha...
The Amanda Show (1999 - 2002) - The Amanda Show is another series that was spun off of "All That" for another of its breakout stars. It's a skit show with some of the characteristics of "All That" but with different characters. In spite of being designed as a sketch comedy television program, the series is set in a fictional unive...
Kids Incorporated (1984 - 1993) - Kids Incorporated (also known as Kids Inc.) was a children's television program that premiered in 1984 in syndication (On NBC from 1984-85) and on The Disney Channel 1986-96). Winner of various Young Artist Awards during its nine year run, it is remembered fondly by adults who were in their teens in...
Shining Time Station (1989 - 1993) - An American version of the popular British children's program. Every episode, the kids (and sometimes the adults, too) at Shining Time Station learn some special lessons about life and getting along with others from the miniature Mr. Conductor. The lessons are then illustrated in segments featuring...
Stick Stickly (1996 - 1998) - For years, one of Nickelodeon's most popular characters was Stick Stickly. He was the popsicle stick puppet host of Nickelodeon's "Nick in the Afternoon" summer programming block which aired weekdays from 3-5pm. Sadly, he is no longer used on Nickelodeon.
Swat Kats: The Radical Squadron (1993 - 1995) - In 1993 Hanna Barbara released a new action series with a comic book style and furry attributes, SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron. Based on characters created by Christian and Yvon Tremblay this series hit home with the viewers, creating a large fan base that many animated programs of that era had ye...
Weinerville (1993 - 1996) - The show, a totally outrageous half-hour variety show, uses classic elements of kid's programming, which include puppeteering and interaction with a live studio audience, to entertain kids and their parents. Weinerville Productions also produces live nationally touring stage shows. Weinerville speci...
Punky Brewster (1984 - 1988) - An abandoned waif and her dog are taken in by a cranky apartment manager who becomes her guardian in this family-friendly sitcom. This was a pet project of sorts for NBC programming head Brandon Tartikoff, who had a crush on a girl named Punky when he was young. (The dog on the show was named Brando...
WWE Monday Night RAW (1993 - Current) - WWE (formerly WWF) RAW was the first major wrestling program to earn a primetime weekly slot on cable television in 1993. It's first major source of competition on the airwaves was WCW's "Monday Nitro" which premiered in 1995. The premiere of Nitro started the Monday Night Wars, for the next 6 years...
WWF - Superstars of Wrestling (1986 - 1996) - WWF Superstars of Wrestling was a professional wrestling program that debuted on September 6, 1986, replacing WWF Championship Wrestling. Superstars, as it would later be known, was the flagship of the WWF's syndicated programming from 1986 to 1996. Superstars was around before this version, as a we...
Dinosaucers (1987 - 1988) - Dinosaucers was a television cartoon created by DIC Entertainment in association with Ellipse Programme that originally aired on various UHF networks in the USA in 1987, on the Family Channel between 1989 and 1991, and later in 1993 and again in 1995 on the USA Network. 65 total episodes were made a...
The Wonderful World of Disney (1954 - 2008) - While shown in the U.S. as a time slot for family films on the weekends in its later years, this program originally started as a prime-time feature, hosted by Walt Disney himself, that showcased original programming from the Disney Studios. Cartoons, documentaries, educational shorts, all were shown...
Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 - 1993) - A teenaged genius deals with the usual problems of growing up: having a girlfriend, going to parties, hanging out with his best friend, all this on top of being a licensed physician in a difficult residency program.
Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad (1994 - 1994) - Based on a show from Japan called Grid Man, the English version lasted a few more episodes. The story revolves around Sam Collins, a highschool student with a knack for programming games who gets sucked into his computer by some freak power surge, transforming into one of his own creations: Servo....
Doctor Who (1963 - Current) - From the planet of Gallifrey comes a mysterious alien only known as "the Doctor". The show began with the idea of an educational program focusing on history but it ended up being the longest science fiction tv show in history.
Rubik, The Amazing Cube (1983 - 1984) - Rubik, the Amazing Cube is a Saturday morning cartoon that aired from September 10, 1983 to September 1, 1984 in the United States, produced by Ruby-Spears Productions. The program, broadcast as part of The Pac-Man/Rubik, the Amazing Cube Hour block on ABC, featured a magic Rubiks Cube named Rubik...
Bob the Builder (1998 - 2012) - Bob the Builder is a British children's animated television show created by Keith Chapman. In the original series Bob appears as a building contractor specializing in masonry in a stop motion animated programme with his colleague Wendy, various neighbours and friends, and their gang of anthropomorph...
Fox Kids (1990 - 2002) - Fox Kids was a programming block that brought us shows from 1990-2002. It all ended in 2002 when Fox Kids was replaced with the Fox Box, a programming block provided by 4kids Entertainment.
Scooby's All-Star Laff-a-Lympics (1977 - 1979) - Scooby's All-Star Laff-a-Lympics was a Saturday morning cartoon program block produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions from 1977 to 1979 for ABC. During the 1978
Histeria! (1998 - 1999) - Histeria! is an American animated series created by Tom Ruegger and produced by Warner Bros. Animation. Unlike other animated series produced by Warner Bros. in the 1990s, Histeria! stood out as the most explicitly educational program in order to meet FCC requirements for educational/informational c...
Quack Pack (1996 - 1997) - Quack Pack is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation, featuring Donald Duck and his nephews. The show debuted on September 3, 1996 as a part of the "Disney Afternoon" programming block, following the major success of Goof Troop. The series ran two seasons...
Soul Train (1971 - 2006) - Soul Train is the groundbreaking television dance show that is centered around American black music, black artists, and (especially) black dance. The show is the longest running first run syndicated program in television history. Especially known for the notorious Soul Train Line and Scrambleboard....
Todays Special (1980 - 1987) - Today's Special is a Canadian children's program that was produced by TV Ontario, and has run on countless television networks worldwide. The show had a seven-year run, from 1981 to 1987, with 121 episodes made during that time.
WWE Raw (1993 - Current) - Beginning as WWF Monday Night Raw, the program first aired on January 11, 1993. It aired on the USA Network for one hour. The original Raw broke new ground in televised professional wrestling. Traditionally, wrestling shows were taped on sound stages with small audiences or at large arena shows. The...
Mike Lu and Og (Animated TV Program) (1999 - 2001) - Mike Lu and Og stars the story about 2 girls and a boy on an island. Mike is an exchange student from New York. Lu is the spoiled princess of the island. Og may be an islander but he's a genius who makes a lot of cool inventions.
ECW Hardcore TV (1993 - 2001) - Extreme Championship Wrestling was a revolution in wrestling. This syndicated show, featuring wrestlers such as Raven, Rob Van Dam and Sabu showcased the hardcore nature of ECW. From 1993-2001, this program was an alternative to WWE RAW and WCW Nitro.
Cartoon Network's Cartoon Theatre (1998 - 2004) - A program on Cartoon Network which aired movies produced by Warner Brothers as well as original movies such as Dexter's Laboratory Ego Trip and The Powerpuff Girls movie. Other studios include Universal Cartoon Studios and Paramount Pictures.
Emergency! (1972 - 1977) - This program focused on the implementation and development of the new concept of the paramedic. The show begins with introducing our heros Roy Desoto and Johnny Gage assembling the first paramedic team and breaking new ground with unheard of new ideas, a mobile unit, equipped to stablize a patient a...
Nick at Nite (1985 - Current) - Nick at Nite is a programing block from 9pm-6am Sunday-Thursday and from 10pm-6am Friday-Saturday on Viacom's kids cable channel Nickelodeon. When Nick at Nite launched in 1985, the shows were from the 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s. Today Nick at Nite's shows are from the 80s and 90s. Nick at nite's...
Big Blue Marble (1973 - 1983) - The Big Blue Marble was a children's television program that forcused on the lives and children all over the world. In my opinion, it focused on the diversity and beauty of the many cultures in the world. Instead of featuring adults, it always explained from the view point of a child and used childr...
Gilligan's Planet (1982 - 1983) - Gilligan's Planet was a Saturday morning cartoon produced by the Filmation animation studio which aired during the 1982-1983 season on CBS. It was the second animated spin-off of the classic television program Gilligan's Island (the first being 1974's The New Adventures of Gilligan), as well as the...
The NFL Today (1961 - Current) - The program began on September 17, 1961 on CBS entitled: "Pro Football Kickoff." On September 13, 1964, Frank Gifford began hosting the renamed "NFL Report," and later that year, it renamed the title: "The NFL Today." The NFL Today went off the air on CBS in 1993, when FOX bought out the NFC TV pa...
Harlem Globetrotters (1970 - 1978) - The famous basketball team gets the cartoon treatment and debuted September 12,1970 on CBS. This was the first Saturday morning show that featured African American men in a sports profession.All Saturday morning program had to feature African-American men and women from 1966 and beyond.
Saturday Nights Main Event (1985 - 1991) - Saturday Night's Main Event is a professional wrestling television program that aired occasionally from 1985 to 1991, under the World Wrestling Federation banner on NBC in place of Saturday Night Live.and
The Jim Henson Hour (1989 - 1989) - Jim Henson presents two types of programs on one hour-long show.
Art Attack (1989 - 2006) - Art Attack is a British children's television series about art. It is one of ITV's longest running children's programmes, running since 1989, and has been presented throughout by Neil Buchanan. The show typically lasts thirty minutes and involves Neil producing three or four works of art, taking the...
What's Happening Now!! (1985 - 1988) - This sitcom is the follow-up to the popular ABC series in the 70's. Raj is newly married and trying to write while his two buddies, Rerun and Dwayne are sharing a bachelor apartment. Rerun is working as a used car salesman while Dwayne is a computer programmer. This syndicated program was on the air...
Fun Factory (1984 - 1987) - A children's program on the early Sky Channel. Broadcasted on saturday from 8.00 to 12.00 CET Hosted by Andy Sheldon, Snoot the seal and Crocker the crocodile. This program included alot of the now known cartoons like Transformers, He-man, Jem and the holograms and Inspector Gadget. The show was rep...
Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo (1979 - 1982) - The original thirty-minute version of Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo constitutes the fourth incarnation of the long-running Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo. It premiered on September 22, 1979 and ran for one season on ABC as a half-hour program. A total of sixteen episodes were produce...
Gadget Boy and Heather (1995 - 1999) - This program is inspector gadget in his childhood.
T.J. Hooker (1982 - 1986) - T.J. Hooker is a veteran cop, who rose to the rank of detective but when his partner dies in his arms, Hooker decides to give up being a detective to be a patrolman again. He starts a program wherein rookies are given practical training and the rookie he is assigned is Vince Romano, a cocky kid. And...
The Tom & Jerry Comedy Show (1980 - 1981) - The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show is an American animated television program produced by Filmation for MGM Television in 1980, on CBS for Saturday mornings. The show lasted two seasons (with season two consisting of reruns) and the individual episodes were eventually added to syndicated Tom and Jerry pa...
Bureau of Alien Detectors (1996 - 1996) - Bureau of Alien Detectors was a animated show that aired in 1996 on UPN as part of their Sunday Morning Programming Block, UPN Kids, which is now defunct because of apparent problems from UPN. This show only aired for one season and no second season was made.
The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show (1983 - 1983) - "The New Scooby and Scrappy Doo Show" is the sixth incarnation of the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo. It premiered on September 10, 1983, and ran for one season on ABC as a half-hour program made up of two eleven-minute short cartoons. (In 1984 for the second season, the name of t...
World Ninja War Jiraiya (1988 - 1989) - The only non-armored hero of this era of shows, this program features an actual ninja master from a historically known ninja clan preparing his son, daughter, and youngest child, along with a family relative and a police officer with ninja roots to combat the re-emergence of a centuries-old demon sa...
Entertainment Tonight (1981 - Current) - Debuting in 1981, Entertainment Tonight set the trend for entertainment-oriented shows. This half-hour program, which has been hosted by John Tesh, Leeza Gibbons, Patrick O'Brien, and Mary Hart, focuses on the news of the movies, television and music industries.
The Shari Show (1975 - 1976) - In order to earn enough monies to take care of herself and her infant puppet"Baby Doll"..Ms.Lewis gets a job as programming director for "The Bearly Broadcasting"TV Network. Where she has to cope with the antics of the station's animal puppets..with the exception of "Lamb Chop"this short lived NBC T...
Merrie Melodies: Starring Bugs Bunny & Friends (1972 - 1995) - The Merrie Melodies Show was a long-lasting half-hour program for various Looney Tunes shorts. Before they run the third and final cartoon short. They would a 20-second clip of one of the Looney Tunes shorts (via Hip Clips). Each 20-second clip is introduce with Taz barfing out the letters that read...
Brum (1991 - 2002) - Brum is the name of a children's TV programme about the adventures of a car of the same name. It is produced by Ragdoll Productions for HIT Entertainment and was first broadcast in 1991. It is directed and written by Tom Poole, and is produced by Anne Wood. It was initially narrated by Toyah Willcox...
Bozo's Circus (1961 - 1980) - The Chicago Bozo franchise was the most popular and successful locally-produced children's program in the history of television. It also became the most widely-known Bozo show as WGN-TV became a national cable television Superstation in 1978. Chicago's Bozo debuted on June 20, 1960 starring Bob Bell...
Saturday Superstore (1982 - 1986) - There was no doubt about it - Swap Shop was going to be a tough act to follow, but the BBC's new replacement programme was up to the task. Basically by just altering the format slightly, a whole new show was created Saturday SuperStore.
The Riddlers (1986 - 1996) - The Riddlers was first shown (feel free to correct me if I am wrong here - I'm going off information in my TV Times collection) on ITV during early lunchtime programs for children in 1986. It was made by Yorkshire television and ran for over 10 years finally being stopped in 1996. It concerned the g...
ABC's Wide World of Sports (1961 - 1998) - ABC's Wide World of Sports is an American sports anthology television program that aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from April 29, 1961 to January 3, 1998, primarily on Saturday afternoons. Hosted by Jim McKay, with a succession of co-hosts beginning in 1987, the title continued to b...
Bertha (1985 - 1986) - Bertha is a big green engineering machine, a marvellous mechanical production engine with a big toothy face who could be programmed to manufacture just about anything you wanted. She was housed at the busy Spottiswood Factory, owned by Mr Willmake. Her Chief Designer was Mr Sprott. Sprott was ably a...
Meet the Press (1947 - Current) - Meet the Press is a weekly American television news/interview program that is broadcast on NBC. It is the longest-running program in American television history, though its current format bears little resemblance to the one it debuted with on November 6, 1947. Like similar shows that have followed i...
NBC Nightly News (1970 - Current) - It is NBC News' weekday evening news program. The program debut on August 3, 1970, with David Brinkley, John Chancellor, and Frank McGee rotating duties as anchors until August 9, 1971 when Chancellor became the sole anchor. On June 7, 1976, David Brinkley was brought back to the anchor desk, this...
Access (1996 - Current) - A weekday entertainment news program airing news and events on the entertainment industry. Previous hosts include Giselle Fernndez, Larry Mendte, Pat O'Brien, who hosted the show alongside Nancy O'Dell until late 2004, when he left to host the Entertainment Tonight spin-off The Insider, and O'Dell,...
Shooting Stars (1995 - 2002) - Shooting Stars is a UK television comedy panel game broadcast on BBC Two. Created by Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer, it is both a parody of the game show format, and an experiment in dadaist television. As such it is possibly one of the most bizarre programmes ever regularly aired. The first series was...
Maya & Miguel (2004 - 2007) - Maya & Miguel is a children's television animated series produced by Scholastic Studios. Centering around the lives of pre-teen Hispanic twins named Maya and Miguel Santos and their friends, the program is aimed at promoting multiculturalism and education in general. It is geared to the 5-9 age rang...
Power Block (1996 - 1997) - The Power Block was a weekday half hour program that showcased action-oriented animated cartoons, most of which were sequels or based off of 80's cartoons, with a different show airing each day.
Countdown (1982 - Current) - Countdown is a British game show involving word and number puzzles. It is produced by ITV Studios and broadcast on Channel 4. It is presented by Nick Hewer, assisted by Rachel Riley, with regular lexicographer Susie Dent. It was the first programme to be aired on Channel 4, and sixty-seven series ha...
The Richard Simmons Show (1980 - 1983) - fitness program
Sons of Butcher (2005 - 2006) - Sons of Butcher is a cartoon based on the canadian rock band of the same name. It is animated using a variety of programs, put together using Adobe Flash.
Captain Caveman & the Teen Angels (1977 - 1980) - Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels (1977-1980) was a Saturday morning cartoon created by Joe Ruby and Ken Spears and produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. It was originally broadcast on ABC as part of the programming block Scooby's All-Star Laff-a-Lympics, which also included Scooby-Doo, Dynomutt,...
Praise the Lord (1973 - Current) - The flagship program of the Trinity Broadcasting Network. Every night TBN's Crouch family, Paul Crouch Senior(before his December 2013 death) Jan Crouch and Paul Crouch Jr. host a live church service with many special guest stars. Often times the show goes on the road to spread the word of God.
Nature (1982 - Current) - Nature is a long-running wildlife television program produced by Thirteen/WNET New York. It has been distributed to United States public television stations by the PBS television service since its debut on October 10, 1982. The on-camera host of the first season was Donald Johanson, with voice-over...
Faerie Tale Theatre (1982 - 1987) - Hosted by Shelley Duval, this program featured some of the best-known stars in Hollywood performing adaptations of traditional fairy tales.
George and Martha (1999 - 2000) - George and Martha is an animated TV series made for HBO Family. The program revolves around the lives of two hippos: George and Martha (voiced by Nathan Lane and Andrea Martin respectively), best friends that spend everyday adventures together.
American Experience (1988 - Current) - Documentary series on PBS about the great American history. The program airs documentaries, many of which have won awards, about important or interesting events and people in American history. A trademark of the series is its ability to take lesser-known events in history, such as the history of Con...
The Replacements (2006 - 2009) - It centers around Todd and Riley and their new adopted family that they received through a program of the FleemCo company to replace people throughout the town with ones better at their job in some way.
Nightmare Cafe (1992 - 1992) - Nightmare Cafe is a short-lived American telefantasy program which aired on NBC for an abridged first season from January to April 1992. While the overall tone of the program was that of a mystical fantasy, it frequently incorporated elements of dark humor, horror, and even outright comedy. A total...
WWF Wrestling Challenge (1986 - 1996) - Wrestling Challenge was the "B" show of the WWF's syndicated programming, behind WWF Superstars of Wrestling. The show was typical of televised wrestling fare of the era: Matches pitting top tier and mid-level talent vs. jobbers; pre-taped interviews with the WWF's roster of superstars; and promos f...
Motormouth (1988 - 1992) - Motormouth was a Saturday morning children's television series that was produced by Television South and aired on ITV for four series, from 1988 until 1992. Segments of the programme included a gameshow version of the classic board game Mouse Trap, and cartoons such as Samurai Pizza Cats and The Rea...
Nick Jr. (1988 - Current) - Nick Jr. was a block of programming for preschoolers on Nickelodeon which would air weekdays from 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM. The block first began in 1988 and the very first show it aired was Pinwheel, the very program to put Nickelodeon on the map. In its first few years, the block aired mostly foreign an...
Pugwall (1989 - 1995) - Austrailian teen programme
Sable (1987 - 1988) - Sable is a television program that aired on ABC during the 1987-1988 season, and is based on the comic book, Jon Sable: Freelance, by Mike Grell. Seven episodes of the series aired. The show was a one-hour adventure/drama about mercenary and vigilante Jon Sable (Lewis Van Bergen), who by day was chi...
Inside Edition (1989 - Current) - This American television weekday newsmagazine program features a mix of hard news stories, entertainment news and gossips, scandals, true-crime stories and lifestyle features.
SK8 TV (1990 - 1990) - SK8-TV is a program shown on Nickelodeon that began in 1990 and was originally hosted by Matthew Lillard (who went by the name Matthew Lynn at the time) and Skatemaster Tate. It was a skateboard variety show that featured on-set interviews as well as off site action segments. Various techniques were...
The Newlywed Game (1966 - 2013) - The Newlywed Game is an American television dating game show that pits newly married couples against each other in a series of revealing question rounds to determine how well the spouses know or do not know each other. The program, originally created by Robert "Nick" Nicholson and E. Roger Muir(cred...
48 Hours (1988 - Current) - 48 Hours is an American documentary/news magazine television series broadcast on CBS. The series has been broadcast on the network since January 19, 1988. The program airs Saturdays at 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific Time, as part of the network's placeholder Crimetime Saturday block; as such, it is...
Deadly Games (1995 - 1997) - Gus is a scientist working on making anti-matter with his friend Peter for a local college. Lauren, Gus' Ex-wife, is about to get remarried when Gus succedes in making anti-matter... problem is Gus had programed a game to help him get over Lauren. In the game Gus uses real life people from his past...
SMart (1997 - 2006) - SMart is a CBBC television programme based on the subject of art, which began in 1996. The programme is recorded at BBC Television Centre in London
Sapphire and Steel (1979 - 1982) - Sapphire & Steel was a British television science-fiction series starring David McCallum as Steel and Joanna Lumley as Sapphire. Produced by ATV, it ran from 1979 to 1982 and was primarily ATV's answer to the BBC's Doctor Who. The series was created by Peter J. Hammond, who conceived the programme a...
Frontline (1983 - Current) - PBS's popular documentary series. The program debuted in 1983, with former NBC anchorwoman Jessica Savitch as its host, but Savitch died later in the first season. Judy Woodruff took over as anchor in 1984, and hosted the program for five years. In 1990, the show did away with the anchor position, a...
Beadle's About (1987 - 1996) - Beadle's About was a British television programme hosted by Jeremy Beadle, where members of the public became victims of practical jokes behind hidden cameras. It was produced by LWT for ITV, and ran from 1987 to 1996.
The Upper Hand (1990 - 1996) - The Upper Hand was a sitcom, produced by Central Television and broadcast by ITV from 1990 to 1996. The programme was adapted from the American sitcom Who's the Boss?. Like in the former series, an affluent single woman, raising a son with the help of her mother, hires a housekeeper only to have a m...
Stoppit and Tidyup (1988 - 1992) - Stoppit and Tidyup was a kids programme narrated by Terry Wogan. The main characters all had names that kids would hear their parents say, e.g. Stoppit, Tidyup, Hurryup, Notnow, Calmdown, Takecare, Eatyourgreens... and they all lived in the land of Do-As-Your-Told.
Police, Camera, Action! (1994 - 2002) - An ongoing series that uses original police footage to give us a fascinating insight into the often bizarre and terrifying behaviour of the world's motorists. This smash hit series became the most popular factual programme on British television.
Going Places (1990 - 1991) - This was a show inspired by a previous ABC sitcom known as Bosom Buddies. Both seasons had different premises. The first one was about four writers for a show called Here's Looking at You, a candid camera type program where real people were caught in their normal lives outside the work place. The...
The Bobby Goldsboro Show (1973 - 1975) - The Bobby Goldsboro Show was television's highest rated variety series in syndication in the 1970's. Highly rated 30-minute syndicated music program. 3 seasons beginning in early 1973. Featured multiple songs by Bobby Goldsboro, one guest star only (usually), short comedy with a puppet or video char...
BBC Newsnight (1980 - Current) - This British television weeknight news program is produced by BBC News, which specializes in analysis and often robust cross-examination of senior politicians.
Your Best Friend (1985 - 1991) - An interstitial program, hosted by western actor Clint Walker, offering advice about raising pets.The show ran on CBN/The Family Channel from 1985-1991
Baking with Julia (1996 - 1999) - Baking With Julia is an American television cooking program produced by Julia Child and the name of the book which accompanied the series. Each episode featured one pastry chef or baker who demonstrates professional techniques that can be performed in a home kitchen. It was taped primarily in Child'...
The McLaughlin Group (1982 - Current) - The McLaughlin Group was a syndicated half-hour weekly public affairs television program in the United States, hosted by John McLaughlin from its first episode in 1982 until his death in 2016. A group of four pundits, prompted by McLaughlin, discussed current political issues in a round table format...
Whirlybirds (1957 - 1960) - The program features the exploits of Chuck Martin and Pete "P. T." Moore (Kenneth Tobey and Craig Hill, respectively), owners of a fictitious helicopter chartering company, Whirlybirds, Inc., in the American West.
Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (1968 - 1973) - Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (often simply referred to as Laugh-In) is an American sketch comedy television program that ran for 140 episodes from January 22, 1968, to March 12, 1973, on the NBC television network. It was hosted by comedians Dan Rowan and Dick Martin and featured, at various times, Che...
The Huckleberry Hound Show (1958 - 1961) - The Huckleberry Hound Show is a 1958 syndicated animated series and the second from the Hanna-Barbera studios following The Ruff and Reddy Show, sponsored by Kellogg's. Three segments were included in the program: one featuring Huckleberry Hound, another starring Yogi Bear and his sidekick Boo Boo,...
Scientific American Frontiers (1990 - 2005) - Scientific American Frontiers was an American television program primarily focused on informing the public about new technologies and discoveries in science and medicine.
The National (1969 - Current) - This Canadian weeknight television news program is produced by CBC News, which brings news throughout Canada and around the world. It had been on the air weeknights since 1969 when Warren Davis was the original anchor for 1 year, then Lloyd Robertson anchored the program from 1970 to 1976, followed...
CBS Morning News (1982 - Current) - This American early weekday morning television news program is produced by CBS News. The program debut on October 4, 1982 under the title ''CBS Early Morning News.'' Bill Kurtis and Diane Sawyer were the original anchor team for the program from 1982 to 1984, then Kuris co-anchor the program along...
Early Today (1982 - Current) - This is an American early weekday morning television news program that is broadcast from NBC News. The original version of Early Today was produced by NBC News from 1982 to 1983, with hosts at the time: Bryant Gumbel, Jane Pauley and Willard Scott. The current version of Early Today was originally...
Sunrise (Australian TV News Program) (2000 - Current) - This Australian weekday morning breakfast television news program from Australia's 7 News. This program was originally debut under the name: "Seven News: Sunrise Edition" on January 17, 1991 with presenter Darren McDonald, when it was prior to hostilities breaking out during the Gulf War. In 1996,...
BBC Breakfast (1983 - Current) - This is a national British weekday morning television news program from BBC News. It became the BBC's first weekday morning Breakfast news program that premiered on January 17, 1983 under the title: "Breakfast Time" with the presenting team of Frank Bough, Selina Scott, Nick Ross, Russell Grant and...
Kids Beat (1983 - 1997) - An educational interstitial program ,aimed at kids/pre teens,that aired on WTBS in the 80s and 90s
Superhost (1969 - 1989) - Superhost was the Saturday afternoon program block on WUAB Cleveland hosted by the late WUAB announcer/floor director Marty Sullivan.The show consisted of comedy skits,Three Stooges shorts,and two sci- fi movies.
BBC News (TV Newscasts) (UK) (1954 - Current) - This British television national news source: BBC News has been providing national news programming since it's first bulletin on July 5, 1954.
Get Fresh (1986 - 1988) - Childrens magazine programe ran for 5 seasons. Featuring Gilbert the alien.
The 8:15 from Manchester (1990 - 1991) - Children's magazine programme broadcast when Going Live! Was in summer recess. Ran for 2 seasons and 43 episodes.
Ghost Train (1989 - 1991) - Children's magazine programe set in a ghost train.
NBC Nightly News: Weekend Edition (1971 - Current) - This is the weekend evening program from NBC News has been on weekend evenings since 1971.
Major League Baseball on ABC (1976 - 1995) - Major League Baseball on ABC is the title of a program that televises Major League Baseball games on the American Broadcasting Company. The program has appeared in various forms c. 1953-1965 (ABC Game of the Week), 19761989 (Monday Night Baseball, Thursday Night Baseball, and Sunday Afternoon Baseb...
Rosie and Jim (1990 - 2000) - "Rosie and Jim" is a UK children's TV programme by Ragdoll Productions. The show centered around the misadventures of two rag dolls on a narrowboat who come to life when no one is looking to explore the world.
SportsCenter (1979 - Current) - SportsCenter (SC) is a daily sports news television program that serves as the flagship program of American cable and satellite television network ESPN. Originally broadcast only once per day, SportsCenter now has up to twelve airings each day; the program features highlights and updates, and review...
Fox & Friends (1998 - Current) - This Fox News Channel's daily weekday morning news program that has the headlines and news of the mornings and continues with variety of segments.
CNN New Day (2013 - Current) - This CNN weekday morning program premiered on June 17, 2013, originated from the CNN broadcast center @ Time Warner Center in New York City.
CNN Daybreak (1980 - 2005) - This American early weekday morning news program was aired on CNN from June 2, 1980 to it's final broadcast on November 25, 2005.
BBC Panorama (1953 - Current) - Britain's longest-running current affairs documentary program on television from BBC News, has been on the air since November 11, 1953.
Marcia Adams Kitchen (1989 - 1990) - Based on the book "Amish Cooking from Quilt Country" Marcia Adams hosts this PBS show all about cooking food with Heartland love. This popular cooking program aired in 26 episodes between 1989 and 1990 and still airs in reruns on certain PBS channels as well as on the PBS Create Channel.
Maximum Exposure (2000 - 2002) - Maximum Exposure (also known as Max X) is a reality TV show which featured video clips on a variety of subjects. As its various slogans attest, the show was targeted at teens and young adults. The program also showed videos from other reality shows, especially its predecessor Real TV, and was noted...
Washington Week (1967 - Current) - Washington Weekpreviously Washington Week in Reviewis an American public affairs television program which has aired on PBS and its predecessor, National Educational Television, since 1967. Unlike other panel discussion shows which encourage informal (sometimes vociferous) debates as a means of pre...
Extra (1994 - Current) - Extra (originally titled Extra: The Entertainment Magazine from 1994 to 1996) is an American syndicated television newsmagazine that is distributed by Warner Bros. Television Distribution and premiered on September 5, 1994. The program serves as a straight rundown of news headlines and gossip throug...
Mathica's Mathshop (1993 - 1994) - Mathica's Mathshop is a math tutorial TV series produced for TVO from 1993-1994. The 15-minute programs focus on teaching basic mathematics for primary grades by incorporating storytelling with the principles of the subject. Every program presents math through a familiar fairytale context which enco...
ABC World News Now (1992 - Current) - This is the American overnight tv news program broadcast by ABC News, airing during the early mornings hours from Monday through Friday. The program debut on January 6, 1992.
Gofrette (2007 - 2008) - Gofrette is about a curious little cat who along with his best friends, Fudge the dog and Ellie the bird, lives through various adventures evoking the program's tag line: "... that busy, busy cat!"
Time For Fun! (1953 - 1960) - Time For Fun! is a kids' show that aired on a local New York station, premiering in 1953. The program, originally hosted by Corny the Clown (Bob Keeshan) was set in a city park where Corny, on his lunch break from the circus, would visit with his TV audience, telling stories to the children at home,...
Science Court (1997 - 2000) - The half-hour program mixed courtroom drama, science experiments, and humor to teach fundamental concepts in elementary and middle school science such as the water cycle, work, matter, gravity, flight, and energy. As each case unfolded, the characters in the trial used humor to highlight scientific...
The Cartoon Parade (1956 - 1957) - Local:WOR TV Ch.9 NYC Weekday evenings and afternoons Monday March 12,1956-Friday September 14,1956 Host/Performer:Ray Heatherton.(Towards the end of the program's run..Ray hosted the series as The Merry Mailman).
Face The Nation (1954 - Current) - Face the Nation is a weekly news and morning public affairs program airing Sundays on the CBS radio and television network. Created by Frank Stanton in 1954, Face the Nation is one of the longest-running news programs in the history of television.
What's My Line? (1950 - 1967) - CBS TV 1950-1967/Syndicated A panel of four famous people..had to try and guess the unusual occupations of the contestants..the panel also had to try and guess the identity of"The Mystery Guest"..while blindfolded. ABC TV newsman John Dailey was the program's first host/moderator..the second mc was...
The Sunny Side-Up Show (2007 - 2017) - The Sunny Side-Up Show is a weekday morning program block on PBS Kids Sprout now called Sprout Channel. The block is hosted by Carly (Carly Ciarrocchi), Tim (Tim Kubart), Katlin (Kaitlin Becker), and Emily (Emily Borromeo) with their co-host: Chica the Chicken.
TNBC (1992 - 2002) - TNBC (or Teen NBC) is an American teen-oriented programming block that aired on NBC from September 12, 1992 to September 7, 2002. The Saturday morning block featured live-action series primarily in the form of scripted teen sitcoms geared toward teenagers and young adults, the majority of which...
A.N.T. Farm (2011 - 2014) - Disney Channel original sitcom about prodigies in a gifted program called The A.N.T. (Advanced Natural Talents) Program at their local high school in San Francisco.
Morning Joe: First Look (2004 - Current) - This is an American weekday morning news program debut on MSNBC as "First Look" in 2004. On August 8, 2016, the program was retitled "Morning Joe: First Look."
CBS This Morning (1987 - Current) - This American weekday morning news program produced by CBS News, been aired originally from 1987 to 1999. But the current one had been airing since its debut on January 9, 2012.
America This Morning (1982 - Current) - This is an American early weekday morning television news program from ABC News. It debut on July 5, 1982, under the original title: "ABC News This Morning," then came "World News This Morning" from 1983-2006, and now under this current title since 2006.
CBS News Sunday Morning (1979 - Current) - This newsmagazine television program from CBS News that has been airing on Sunday Morning since it premiered on January 28, 1979. The original host of the program was Charles Kuralt, who created it, and Charles Osgood was the host from 1994 until September 25, 2016 in retirement. Jane Pauley has b...
This Week (1981 - Current) - This Week is an American Sunday morning political affairs program from ABC News. The program is initially aired at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time (following weekend morning newscasts on most ABC stations in large and mid-sized markets), although many stations air the program at a later slot, especially thos...
Peppa Pig (2004 - Current) - A British television program about a cheeky little piggy who loves jumping up and down in muddy puddles. Along with her brother and parents, they explore the world around Peppa and her friends too. Along the way, Peppa learns something new everyday.
Learn to Read (1987 - 2009) - An educational series for adults containing literacy lessons. Hosted by Wally "Famous" Amos with 2 main instructors and several other people to teach you how to read. This program is a stepping stone to get started reading so you could succeed later on. This was shown on PBS back in the 1980s. It wa...
Wall $treet Week (1970 - 2005) - Wall Street Week (WSW) (styled Wall $treet Week [W$W]) was an investment news and information TV program that was broadcast weekly each Friday on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the United States. It had a host (or hosts) and guest experts participating in discussions on the stock market and fo...
Education Showcase (1994 - 1998) - A Monthly Television Magazine program gives a monthly preview of the best of educational programming. Hosted by Joan Scott. This program gives previews of dates, times and what channel it is shown for education purposes and some programs used for Cable in the Classroom.
Me and My Monsters (2010 - 2011) - s a children's comedy television program from The Jim Henson Company that combines live action and puppetry. The series is an Australian/UK co-production filmed in Australia. It first screened on CBBC on 18 October 2010 and airs on Network Ten and Nickelodeon.The Carlson family, who have recently re...
Fantorangen (2007 - Current) - Fantorangen is a Norwegian television character known from Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), where he has his own program on the children's channel NRK Super. He is a plushie created and operated by Berit Nermoen, who also writes the scripts. The puppet was created in 2007 by visual artist T...
Doodle Do (2006 - 2010) - a British television programme designed for pre-school children. It aired on the CBeebies channel between 2006 and 2010. [1] The programme features three "Doodle Doers" puppets called "Dib-Dab", "Scribble" and "Stick" who interact with a human presenter, Chris (played by Chris Corcoran, a Welsh...
Colby's Clubhouse (1984 - 2000) - a children's television show that teaches principles from the Bible; through songs and everyday situations. The main character is Colby, an anthropomorphic computer that teaches children Christian principles and lessons. Colby has the entire Bible programmed into his memory.[1][2][3] The show was wr...
Brats of the Lost Nebula (1998 - 1999) - (also known posthumously as Jim Henson's Brats of the Lost Nebula) is a puppet and computer animated series originally broadcast on the Kids' WB block of Saturday morning programming in 1998. Created by Dan Clark, the sci-fi series for kids used puppets from Jim Henson's Creature Shop and state of t...
The Biscuit Brothers (2005 - 2012) - a half-hour Emmy-award winning public television program produced in Austin, Texas. It first went on the air in Austin, Texas in 2004 and then premiered nationwide in 2005. The show uses a mixture of live-action, puppetry, and animation to teach music and cultural communication through music to chil...
Bear Behaving Badly (2007 - 2010) - a British children's sitcom which ran for four series and was broadcast from 3 September 2007 to 21 December 2010. Re-runs were regularly broadcast on CBBC up until 2016.The programme is centred around the daily adventures of Barney Harwood, his pet bear Nev, his koala friend Crazy Keith and the car...
The Adventures of Oky Doky (1948 - 1949) - an American children's television program that aired on the DuMont Television Network on Thursdays at 7pm ET from November 4, 1948, through May 26, 1949. Sometime in early 1949, the time slot for the show went from 30 minutes to 15 minutes. In March, the show was cut back to Tuesdays and Thursdays a...
Elmo's World (1998 - 2017) - a five minute-long segment shown at the end of the American children's television program Sesame Street. It premiered on November 16, 1998, as part of the show's structural change and originally ran fifteen minutes at the end of each episode until 2009. It was designed to appeal to younger viewers a...
Power Rangers Megaforce (2013 - 2014) - The twentieth season of the long-running American children's television program Power Rangers produced by SCG and began airing on Nickelodeon on February 2, 2013 as part of the Power Rangers 20th anniversary.
Paradise Kiss (2005 - Current) - a 12 episode anime series, produced by Aniplex and Studio Madhouse and which was aired in Japan on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block and on the anime television network, Animax, who have broadcast the series across its respective networks worldwide, including Japan, Southeast Asia, South Asia an...
CBS Weekend News (1966 - Current) - In 1966, CBS News debuted their first weekend evening edition of CBS Evening News, originally anchor by Roger Mudd. The Sunday edition of the program was dropped in September 1971, but fortunately, it returned for good in January 1976. On May 7, 2016, the program was revamped as CBS Weekend News....
Lou Dobbs Tonight (1980 - Current) - This is an American editorial commentary and discussion news program, with host/anchor Lou Dobbs. The program began with the name Moneyline with the debut of CNN in early June 1980. In Spring 1999, Dobbs left the program and CNN, and he was replaced by Willow Bay and Stuart Varney. In 2001, Dobbs...
Spiral: The Bonds of Reasoning (2002 - 2003) - a twenty-five episode anime television series broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 1, 2002 until March 25, 2003. The anime is licensed in Region 1 by Funimation, who released it on DVD and broadcast it on the Funimation Channel, along with the programming block on Colours TV in 2006. The series was al...
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood (2012 - Current) - (known as Daniel Tiger's Neighbourhood in Canada, either abbreviated to DTN) is an American-Canadian animated children's television series produced by The Fred Rogers Company, 9 Story Media Group, Out of the Blue Enterprises. It debuted on most PBS stations on September 3, 2012. The program, which i...
Hip Hop Harry (2006 - 2008) - an American children's television show that aired on Discovery Kids and TLC as part of the Ready Set Learn block,as well as most Retro Television Network affiliates, as an E/I-compliant program. Similar to Barney & Friends, Kidsongs, Sesame Street and Teletubbies on PBS, Hip Hop Harry is a live acti...
Jim Jam and Sunny (2006 - 2008) - a children's television programme that aired on the CITV channel. It first aired on 20 November 2006.Jim Jam is 3, and his older sister Sunny is 4, Whenever they enter their magical room, the toys come to life, and they have many adventures together.Main characters Edit
JellyTelly (2008 - Current) - an online subscription-based streaming media provider created by Phil Vischer (the co-creator of VeggieTales). It specializes in Christian programming for children. Subscribers have access to 1,540 episodes from 111 shows. Video is made available through applications for smartphones, tablets, and po...
H.R. Pufnstuf (1969) (1969 - 1969) - a children's television series produced by Sid and Marty Krofft in the United States. It was the second Krofft live-action, life-sized-puppet program.[1] The seventeen episodes were originally broadcast from September 6, 1969, to December 27, 1969. The broadcasts were successful enough that NBC kept...
Evening at Pops (1970 - 2005) - Evening at Pops was an American concert television series produced by WGBH-TV. It is one of the longest-running programs on PBS, airing from 1970 to 2005. The program was a public television version of a variety show, featuring performances by the Boston Pops Orchestra. It was taped at Symphony Hall...
Green Screen Adventures (2009 - Current) - a children's television series which premiered in 2007. The series was originally produced for local broadcast on WCIU-TV (Channel 26) in Chicago, which is the flagship station of Weigel Broadcasting, and is designed to fit the FCC's educational and information programming requirements while also be...
Rag, Tag and Bobtail (1953 - 1965) - a BBC children's television programme that ran from 1953 to 1965 as the Thursday programme in the weekly cycle of Watch With Mother. The scripts were written by Louise Cochrane,[3] and the series was produced by Freda Lingstrom and David Boisseau. Narration was by Charles E. Stidwell, David Enders,...
Pixanne (1960 - 1969) - a children's television program, created and hosted by singer-actress Jane Norman, that ran from 1960 to 1969 on WCAU-TV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was syndicated nationally for another seven years.The show began when Norman, a onetime child prodigy who had been playing and composing music si...
Nuzzle and Scratch (2008 - 2010) - a British children's television programme, shown on CBeebies.It stars two eponymous puppet alpacas created and developed by Barry Quinn and Alan Robinson and written by various writers.[2]The show starts with a beautiful scene of the Andes which is where Nuzzle and Scratch are originally from: (We'r...
Milkshake! (1997) (1997 - Current) - a British preschool television programming block on Channel 5, aimed at children two to seven years old. The block debuted in 1997 and is broadcast on weekdays from 06:00 to 09:15 and weekends from 06:00 to 10:00. The block has a number of presenters, and features a range of children's programming....
Kykelikokos (1996 - 2003) - a weekly Norwegian children's television program that ran from 1996 to 2003. It was the first live children's show ever produced in Norway. It was highly popular, and usually drew close to a quarter million viewers every week.The show began in 1996, airing Saturdays at 8 to 10 AM, a timeslot it held...
Shugo Chara! Party! (New) (2009 - 2010) - The new program, Shugo Chara Party! containing Shugo Chara!!! Dokki Doki and Shugo Chara Pucchi Puchi! follow the current anime series as its power-up. The last episode aired on March 26, 2010.produced by satelight
ABC World News Tonight Weekend (1979 - Current) - The weekend edition of ABC's World News Tonight premiered as "World News Sunday" on January 28, 1979, with Sam Donaldson as anchor. The Saturday Edition (World News Saturday) premiered on January 5, 1985, with Kathleen Sullivan as Anchor. These editions added to the word "Tonight" to the program t...
Fox & Friends First (2012 - Current) - Fox & Friends First is an early weekday morning news program on Fox News Channel.
Sailor Bob (1959 - 1969) - an American children's television program produced by WRVA (then the Richmond, Virginia NBC affiliate) that aired from 1959 through 1969.The program, built around Popeye cartoon segments, was hosted by "Sailor Bob" (Bob Griggs), a former cameraman for WRVA who had studied commercial art at the Richm...
Omakase! Miracle Cat-dan (2015 - 2016) - ( Omakase! Mirakuru Kyatto-dan, "Leave it! To the Miracle Cat Group"), also known as Omakase Mamitasu ( "Leave it to Mamitas") is a Japanese anime series produced by OLM, Inc. and Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions and aired on NHK in between the variety programs, Tensai Terebi-ku...
Grim Tales (1989 - 1991) - a British children's television program based on fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm, featuring Rik Mayall as the storyteller dressed in his pyjamas and dressing gown.[1] The twenty-two episodes were broadcast on ITV from 1989 to 1991. There was also a release on video and audio cassette, with the sli...
Happy's Party (1952 - 1953) - a children's TV program broadcast on the DuMont Television Network and originating from the DuMont station WDTV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.The show ran on Saturday mornings from September 6, 1952, until May 9, 1953, with 30 minutes on the network and an additional 30 minutes broadcast to the local...
ToddWorld (2004 - 2008) - an American animated children's TV program created by Todd Parr and Gerry Renert through their California based company SupperTime Entertainment.[4][5] The show was produced by Mike Young Productions, an award-winning animation studio based in California.The series aired on TLC, Discovery Kids and ...
Johnny Jupiter (1953 - 1954) - is the name of two early American television programs featuring a combination of live action and hand puppets. The first version aired on the DuMont Television Network from March to June 1953. The second version aired on ABC from September 1953 to May 1954.The original version, broadcast live on the...
Library War (2008 - Current) - Two manga adaptations were published by Hakusensha and ASCII Media Works. A 12-episode anime adaptation by Production I.G aired on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block between April and June 2008. Two Internet radio shows started in April 2008 meant to promote the series which are hosted by voice a...
Ani*Kuri15 (2007 - 2008) - a series of fifteen 1-minute shorts that aired on the Japanese TV station, NHK between May 2007 and 2008. Intended as companion pieces to the Ani*Kuri program and as filler between regularly scheduled programs, the shorts were broadcast in three seasons of 5 episodes.[1] Each short was directed by a...
Weekend Today (1987 - Current) - NBC News began to premiere a weekend morning program: Weekend Today (which originally titled Sunday Today) on September 20, 1987.
Rick and Morty (2013 - 2018) - an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim.The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his good-hearted but fretful grandson Morty Smith, who split their t...
WMAQ-TV Newscasts (1948 - Current) - WMAQ-TV presently broadcasts 41 hours, 25 minutes of locally produced newscasts each week, and in addition, the station also produced the half-hour sports highlight program: Sports Sunday, which airs Sunday evenings after the 10PM newscast.
Playbox (1987 - 1992) - One of the earlier TV programmes by Ragdoll Productions (famous for "Teletubbies" and "Tots TV"); "Playbox" is a 14-minute preschool series involving a Dog and a Cat who live in a box, and would draw pictures and tell stories, among other activities.
The Home Show (1988 - 1994) - Daytime how-to lifestyle program hosted by Gary Collins and features various female co-hosts during the run.
The People's Court (1997) (1997 - Current) - On September 8, 1997, the revived version of the series premiered in first-run syndicated as a 60-minute program.
Hour Magazine (1980 - 1989) - A syndicated program that featured lifestyle, home decor, how-to and others. Produced by Group W and hosted by Gary Collins before he was from ABC's The Home Show fame.
Hour of Power (1970 - Current) - This American weekly christian television program was founded and first hosted by Robert H. Schuller from 1970 to 2013. His Elder son, Robert A. Schuller hosted the program from 2006 to 2008. Bobby Schuller has been the host since 2013.
Hardball with Chris Matthews (1994 - Current) - The American weeknight cable news program debut in 1994 on now-defunct America's Talking as "Politics with Chris Matthews," In 1997, the program titled: "Hardball with Chris Matthews" premiered on CNBC. The program switched to MSNBC in 1999, and it stayed there ever since.
About Safety (1972) (1972 - 1973) - a children's educational television program which originated in 1972. It was produced by the Mississippi Authority for Educational Television. In the 3 to 6 minute shorts, marionettes, most notably Clyde Frog, taught children about safety and first aid. Mischievous Clyde has a distinctive, high-pitc...
The Hoobs (2001 - 2003) - a children's television programme created and produced by The Jim Henson Company and Decode Entertainment.
Grotbags (1983 - 2012) - a children's television programme which ran for three series between 1991 and 1993 about a fictional witch named Grotbags, a spin-off of multiple earlier Rod Hull and Emu shows. Very much in the mould of the traditional pantomime villain, Grotbags was played by actress, singer and comedian Carol Lee...
Hey duggee (2014 - 2018) - Hey Duggee is a British animated television series aimed at 2 to 5 year olds. Created by Grant Orchard,[1] it is produced by Studio AKA in association with BBC Studios.The programme is based around The Squirrel Club, an activity club for children. The children take part in all kinds of activities, h...
Bunnytown (2007 - 2008) - an American/Canadian children's television program that aired on Playhouse Disney in the United States and Great Britain, as well as more than seventy other countries.The program, created by David Rudman, his brother Adam and Todd Hannert, under their Spiffy Pictures banner, began airing in Canada o...
Standby...Lights! Camera! Action! (1982 - 1987) - Standby...Lights! Camera! Action! is an American educational television series hosted by Leonard Nimoy. The program aired on Nickelodeon from May 1982 to December 31, 1987. Episodes of the show include interviews with film crew members and examine the stages of production for various motion pictures...
Bubble guppies (2011 - 2016) - a preschool children's television series produced for Nickelodeon and created by Jonny Belt and Robert Scull.[2] The series is produced by using Autodesk Maya 3D software and revolves around the underwater adventures of a group of merperson preschoolers.[3] The program premiered on January 24, 2011...
Magical Angel Sweet Mint (1990 - 1991) - a magical girl anime TV series produced by Ashi Productions and aired from 2 May 1990 to 27 March 1991 on TV Tokyo. The program aired from 6:00 - 6:30pm on Wednesdays
Philip's Wish (1993 - 1997) - Phillip's Wish is a television programme aimed at children, broadcast on the BBC, produced for BBC Kids World & The Britt Allcroft Company by Hibbert Ralph Entertainment.
Green Balloon Club (2008 - 2009) - a BBC children's television program that started on CBeebies on 20 June 2008
Luci's Toyshop (1961 - 1972) - was a local WBNS-TV produced children's TV program in the Columbus, Ohio, USA, viewing area. It was broadcast from 1961 until 1972.
The Magic Window (1951 - 1994) - also known as The House with the Magic Window) was an American children's television program broadcast on ABC affiliate WOI-TV in Ames, Iowa from 1951 to 1994. With a run of 43 years, it was the longest running children's television program in American history.[1] (Bozo's Circus technically had a lo...
Larry Smith Puppets (1969 - 1974) - (or The Larry Smith Show) was a long-running afternoon television program, seen from 1969 to 1974 on WXIX-TV in Cincinnati, Ohio, geared toward the elementary school aged crowd. It was one of many TV puppet shows created by TV personality Larry Smith and was a favorite of children in the so-called "...
Hello Mrs. Cherrywinkle (1996 - 2004) - a children's educational television program that aired in 1996. It centered on the adventures of the title character, Mrs. Cherrywinkle (portrayed by Kathy "Babe" Robinson, of Philadelphia, PA), a stout woman full of energy who interacted with a variety of puppets in her home and garden. The puppets...
Hey Hey It's Saturday (1971 - 2010) - a long-running variety television program on Australian television. It initially ran for 27 years on the Nine Network from 9 October 1971 to 20 November 1999 (there was a recess in 1978). Its host throughout its entire run was Daryl Somers, who later also became executive producer of the program. Th...
School rumble (2004 - 2008) - TV Tokyo broadcast a 26-episode anime program between October 2004 and April 2005. In December 2005, a two-part original video animation (OVA) entitled School Rumble: Extra Class was released. A second season, School Rumble: 2nd Semester, aired between April and September 2006. Finally, two more epi...
Good Morning America (1975 - Current) - ABC News' weekday morning morning news and talk show. The show first launched in 1975 as AM America as a competitor to NBC's "Today". After failing, ABC looked to station WEWS in Cleveland who were airing a show called The Morning Exchange and re-branded their program as Good Morning America. The sh...
The Late Late Show (1995 - Current) - The Late Late Show is a late-night TV show on CBS originally hosted by Tom Snyder from 1995-1999, Craig Killborn from 1999-2004, and Craig Ferguson from 2004-2014. Since 2015 it has been hosted by British comedian James Corden. Unlike a lot of late-night talk shows, the program does not use an annou...
Nubeluz (1990 - 1995) - Great Children Programme From Peru ,
Eyewitness News (1968 - Current) - On November 11, 1968, Al Primo, the new news director of WABC-TV New York, launched his new news program, "Eyewitness News." As the format grew popular, it had spread across the country to the other ABC-owned and operated (O&O) stations at the time: KABC Los Angeles, WLS Chicago, WXYZ Detroit, and K...
NBC News: Overnight (1982 - 1983) - NBC News Overnight was the brainchild of former NBC News executive Reuven Frank, who conceived the show as inexpensive overnight programming after Late Night with David Letterman (in an era where infomercials were not as prevalent as the 1990's and 2000's). Linda Ellerbee and Lloyd Dobyns originally...
The MacNeil-Lehrer NewsHour (1983 - 1995) - The original version of the PBS NewsHour as first aired in 1975. The program was first created by Robert MacNeil and Jim Lehrer after their award-winning coverage of the Watergate scandal. The program went in-depth with extended-length interviews that the other news shows on the "big three" networks...
Archie's Weird Mysteries (1999 - 2012) - Archie's Weird Mysteries is a traditionally animated children's television program, based on the continuously successful Archie comics. The series premise revolves around a Riverdale High physics lab gone awry, making the town of Riverdale a "magnet" for B-movie style monsters. The series is meant t...
Family Fortunes (1980 - 2012) - Family Fortunes is a long-running British game show, based on the American game show Family Feud. The programme began on ITV on January 6, 1980 and ran until 2002. The difference in the show title is because the producers thought the word "feud" too confrontational in the UK cultural context. In Mar...
Sealab 2021 (2000 - 2005) - Sealab 2021 was a cartoon series that aired on Adult Swim (Program block on Cartoon Network), It was a spinoff of Sealab 2020. It was about a submarine lab run by Captain Hazel Hank Murphy (and later Captain Bellerophon Tornado Shanks). After Harry Goz died, Captain Hazel Hank Murphy was killed off...
Sonshiny Day (1992 - 1994) - Sonshiny Day is a half-hour program geared for children ages 1-7 with host Audrey Meisner, two of her young children and puppets. With all original music (written by Audrey Meisner) and fun-filled action, the program became popular for it's happy outlook and emphasis on God being all-loving and prot...
Deaf Mosaic (1985 - 1995) - An Emmy-winning Gallaudet University monthly magazine production that was very popular from the 1980s to the 1990s. Hosted by Gil Eastman and Mary Lou Novitsky, the program focuses deaf and hearing viewers who have learned about many different aspects of the deaf community.
Oakie Doke (1995 - 1996) - Oakie Doke was a children's television programme that was broadcast from September 1995 until December 1996 on the BBC. It was produced by Cosgrove Hall Productions and was shown in stop motion animation. The show ran two series of 27 episodes.
Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles (1999 - 2012) - Based on the 1968 science fiction novel "Starship Troopers," the programme centres on the missions of a mobile infantry squad as they participate in a war of survival against a ferocious alien insectoid invader.
WWF/WWWF Championship Wrestling (1978 - 1986) - This was the WWF/WWWF's first,nationally,syndicated wrestling program.Hosted by Vince McMahon and Bruno Sammartino(later Pat Patterson,then Gene Okerlund),the show ran from 1978-1986.It was replaced by WWF"Superstars".
NHL on FOX (1995 - 1999) - NHL on Fox is a television program that televised National Hockey League games on the Fox Broadcasting Company and produced by Fox Sports. The program ran from the 19941995 NHL season until the 19981999 NHL season. Fox paid $31 million a year to televise the NHL.
AWA Championship Wrestling on ESPN (1985 - 1990) - AWA Championship Wrestling aired on cable sports network ESPN from 1985 to 1990. It was a continuation of the earlier ESPN program Pro Wrestling USA, the co-operative venture between the American Wrestling Association (AWA) and several National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) affiliates (most notably Jim C...
Quebec Nordiques Hockey on TQS (1988 - 1994) - A French-Canadian Hockey Program From Canada It has carried games of the National Hockey League, including the Quebec Nordiques from 1988 to 1994 and the Montreal Canadiens from 1994 to 2002. It also aired games of the Montreal Expos from 1994 to 1998.
Gigglesnort Hotel (1975 - 1978) - The program was set at an old hotel. Characters include Dirty Dragon, the Old Professor, Weird, Old Mother Plumtree, the hotel's owner, and Old Man Gigglesnort.
London Burning (1986 - 2012) - London's Burning was a television drama programme produced by London Weekend Television. It focused on the lives of Blue Watch firefighters in the busy area of Blackwall, East London. It was broadcast between 1986 and 2002 on ITV and currently airs in Canada on digital television station CBC Country...
Puddle Lane (1985 - 1989) - Puddle Lane (or Tales from Puddle Lane) was a 1980s British pre-school children's television programme written by Rick Vanes with animated stories written by Sheila McCullagh, author of Tim and the Hidden People. A long series of books based on said stories was produced by Ladybird Books, also under...
Sabado Gigante (1962 - Current) - Sabado Gigante is a Chilean Spanish-language variety show and one of the longest running shows television. The weekly program in 1962 airing on Canal 13 in Chile under the name "Show Dominical" (Sunday's Show). Sabado Gigante is an ecletic and frenetic mix of variety show and game show with celebrit...
VH-1 Where Are They Now? (1999 - 2004) - This show was a program that served as a chance to catch up with retro talents from singers to actors and actresses.
The Oblongs (2001 - 2002) - The Oblongs (stylized as "the Oblongs..." in the main title sequence) is an American animated television program aimed at teenagers and adults. It is loosely based on a series of characters introduced in creator Angus Oblong's picture book entitled Creepy Susie and 13 Other Tragic Tales for Troubled...
Blue Jeans Network (1980 - 1981) - A weekly music program,which had videos,interviews,and live performances.The name came from the fact,that several jean companies(including"Levis"and"Jordache")sponsored the show.
Hard Copy (1987 series) (1987 - 1987) - Hard Copy aired on CBS in 1987, premiering as the lead out program for the Super Bowl. This show is unrelated to the tabloid series that aired throughout the 1990s.
Nightly Business Report (1979 - Current) - Nightly Business Report(NBR) is a nightly business news show airing on most PBS stations. The show first began in 1979 and talks about stock market changes and interviews with business professionals.The daily program consists of reports on the changes in the stock market, indices, and stocks of note...
ABC World News Tonight (1948 - Current) - ABC's Nightly news program. Originally began in 1948 as News and Views. In 1951, it was renamed After the Deadlines. In 1952, it renamed as All-Star News until January 2, 1953. But finally October 12, 1953, ABC News finally got a weekday evening newscast again, this time titled John Daly and the N...
CBS Evening News (1963 - Current) - CBS's nightly news program. Perhaps it's best-known anchor was Walter Cronkite from 1963 to 1981. It was later hosted by Dan Rather from 1981 to 2005 with Connie Chung as co-anchor from 1993-1995, and Katie Couric from 2005 to 2011, and Scott Pelley from 2011 to 2017. Anthony Mason was interim ancho...
The Good Night Show (2004 - Current) - The Good Night Show is a program block on PBS Kids Sprout. It debuted on September of 2004 and was hosted by Melanie Martinez (as "Melanie") with her friends, Star the puppet shaped star, Hush the Goldfish, and Lucy the firefly. On July of 2006, PBS fires Melanie from hosting The Good Night Show, Du...
Sneak Previews (1975 - 1996) - This long-running PBS movie reviews program started out under the name "Opening Soon At A Theater Near You". The first two hosts were Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert. Things were a little different in the early days. For example, instead of their thumbs, they rated movies with a yes or a no. Instead of...
VH1's I Love... (2002 - Current) - From 2002 to 2008, VH1 had a series of nostalgia programs called I Love.... Based on a format from the BBC, pop-culture of the past was discussed in terms that weren't always loving. There were 3 installments devoted to the 80s, 2 to the 70s, 2 to the 90s, one for the 00s and special installments fo...
MythBusters (2003 - 2016) - MythBusters is a science entertainment TV program created and produced by Australia's Beyond Television Productions for the Discovery Channel. The show's hosts, special effects experts Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, use elements of the scientific method to test the validity of rumors, myths, movie s...
The Real World (1992 - Current) - The Real World is a reality television program on MTV originally produced by Jonathan Murray and the late Mary-Ellis Bunim. First broadcast in 1992, the show, which was inspired by the 1973 PBS documentary series An American Family, is the longest-running program in MTV history and one of the longes...
Today (1952 - Current) - Today (also referred to as The Today Show), is an American morning news and talk show airing every morning from NBC News. Debuting on January 14, 1952, it was the first of its genre, spawning similar morning news and entertainment television programs across the United States and around the world. Th...
The Rod, Jane and Freddy Show (1981 - 1990) - Rod, Jane and Freddy was the most famous name for a singing trio who appeared in children's programming on the British TV channel ITV in the 1970s and 1980s. They starred both in the long-running series Rainbow as well as their own 15-minute show, Rod, Jane and Freddy. They have also made numerous g...
The New Yankee Workshop (1989 - 2009) - The New Yankee Workshop is a woodworking program produced by WGBH Boston, which aired on PBS. Created in 1989 by Russell Morash, the program is hosted by Norm Abram, a regular fixture on Morash's This Old House. The series aired for 21 seasons before broadcasting its final episode on June 27, 2009....
The Lawrence Welk Show (1955 - 1982) - Bandleader Lawrence Welk gained a huge following in the 1930s and 1940s with his style of big band "champagne" music. This eventually led to a local television program in Los Angeles, and by 1955, a nationally televised program.
Bernard's Watch (1998 - 2001) - Bernard's Watch was a television programme for children shown on CITV.
Pigeon Street (1981 - 1981) - Pigeon Street was an animated children's television series originally shown on the BBC in 1981. There were two series with eight and five episodes respectively, each programme lasting fifteen minutes.
Games World (1993 - 1998) - Games World was a British computer games-based television programme, made by Hewland International and broadcast on Sky One each weekday from 1993-1998. The overall concept of Games World was quite similar to Hewland International's GamesMaster (1992-98), which was shown every week on Channel 4 and...
The Tracey Ullman Show (1987 - 1990) - This variety show was the 2nd program to air on Fox. British performer Tracey Ullman utilized her many talents to entertain American audiences. There were also animated segments, including shorts that would introduce the world to "The Simpsons".
TGIF (1989 - 2005) - TGIF was a Friday night block of sitcoms on ABC. The block was designed by ABC as a family-friendly alternative to other channels. ABC was known for featuring family-friendly Friday night programming since the 1950s. When Jim Janicek became president of ABC, he envisioned a new programming block to...
NFL on NBC (1939 - Current) - In 1955, NFL on NBC is the brand given to NBC Sports coverage of National Football League games until 1998, when NBC lost the NFL American Football Conference rights to CBS. The program goes as far back as 1939 and the first ever televised football game between the Philadelphia Eagles and the Brookl...
NFL On Fox (1994 - Current) - Coverage of the National Football League by the Fox Broadcasting Company. In 1987 Fox was growing as a broadcast network but could not compete with the "big three" without any sports programming. After outbidding CBS for continued coverage of the NFL, Fox began covering games in 1994. Finally having...
Hallmark Hall of Fame (1951 - Current) - Hallmark Hall of Fame is an anthology program on American television, sponsored by Hallmark Cards, a Kansas City based greeting card company. The longest-running primetime series in the history of television, it has a historically long run, beginning during 1951 and continuing into the present day....
The Jerry Lewis Labor Day MDA Telethon (1966 - 2015) - An annual benefit concert held each Labor Day to raise money for the Muscular Dystrophy Association. The program was originally hosted by Jerry Lewis. From 1966 to 2010, the telethon aired up to 21 hours, starting on the Sunday evening preceding Labor Day and continuing until late Monday afternoon....
America's Top 10 (1980 - 1992) - America's Top 10 was a television program of music hits based on Billboard's Hot 100, with the exception of the last season in 1992 which used the radio and records chart.
So Graham Norton (1998 - 2002) - So Graham Norton was a British television programme, hosted by Irish personality Graham Norton. It ran from 3 July 1998 to 1 March 2002.
U-Pick Live (2002 - 2005) - U-Pick Live was a programming block on Nickelodeon where viewers could vote via the internet and pick shows they wanted to see air. Sketches and gags involving the audience would wrap the space between shows. The main hosts of the show were Brett Poplizzio and Candace Bailey. Other characters includ...
Timothy Goes to School (2000 - 2001) - A young raccoon, Timothy, who attends a fictional primary school. It explores the experiences and feelings of children in kindergarten. Based on a series of children's books by acclaimed author/illustrator Rosemary Wells, the charming animated television program aims to assuage kid's fears about sta...
Random! Cartoons (2008 - 2009) - A new cartoon showcase program that aired on Nickelodeon for 13 episodes. Unlike the previous "Oh Yeah! Cartoons" this series did not have hosting segments. Three of the shorts, Adventure Time, The Bravest Warriors and Fanboy, would wind up becoming full-length shows.
Unfabulous (2004 - 2007) - Unfabulous is an American children's television series that aired on Nickelodeon. The series is about an "unfabulous" 7th Grade middle school student (8th Grade in season 3) named Addie Singer, played by Emma Roberts. The show, which debuted in late summer 2004, was one of the most-watched programs...
Parpar Nechmad (1982 - 2009) - The long-running Israeli children's television program, aimed mainly at pre-schoolers. This show uses some elements from other shows like "Mister Rogers Neighborhood", "Reading Rainbow" and "Captain Kangaroo"
Dateline NBC (1992 - Current) - Dateline NBC is a news magazine on NBC which first showed in 1992. The program has always had a focus on crime related stories. Dateline is historically notable for its longevity on the network. The show debuted on March 31, 1992, initially airing only on Tuesdays, with Stone Phillips and Jane Paule...
Masterpiece Theater (1971 - Current) - First aired on PBS in 1971, the series has since become America's longest running Prime time mystery series. Although most of the programs aired are adaptations of novels, the series also featured many original dramas. The program's most well-known host was Alistair Cooke who hosted from the series...
The Victory Garden (1975 - 2015) - Created by Russell Morash the creator of "This Old House", The Victory Garden was originally created in 1975 as a response to a tough economy and an increased interest in self-sufficiency. The program showed viewers how to tend to their own garden with an emphasis on making the most out of one's lan...
TSN Sportsdesk (1984 - 2001) - The program was known as SportsDesk until September 5, 2001, where as a result of a minority stake in TSN being acquired by ESPN, the program was re-launched under a similar look and format to ESPN's flagship sportscast SportsCenter.
Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! (1969 - 1976) - The very first (and flagship) series of Hanna-Barbera's Scooby Doo series. Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! was the result of CBS and Hanna-Barbera's plans to create a non-violent Saturday morning program which would appease the parent watch groups that had protested the superhero-based programs of the mi...
Great Performances (1972 - Current) - PBS TV series showcasing the performing arts. The series is the longest running performing arts anthology on television, as opposed to a program like Hallmark Hall of Fame, which presents only adaptations of plays and novels as well as made-for-TV films. Great Performances presents concerts, ballet,...
Real TV (1996 - 2001) - Real TV (commonly known as America's Best Caught on Tape) is a reality television program that ran in syndication from September 9, 1996 to September 7, 2001. It aired footage of extraordinary events that were usually covered in mainstream news. It was often played on Spike TV and the Fox Reality Ch...
Mission Unstoppable with Miranda Cosgrove (2019 - Current) - This American educational & informational television program is produced for children ages 13-16 that celebrates women who have become superstars in STEM-related careers (science, technology, engineering and math. Each week, our host (Miranda Cosgrove) and her intrepid team of field reporters will...
CBSN Los Angeles (2019 - Current) - CBSN Los Angeles is a 24-hour Los Angeles service version of CBSN, which features exclusive programming. The local cable-streaming news channel was launched on June 10, 2019.
In The News (1971 - 1986) - In the News is a series of two-minute televised video segments that summarized topical news stories for children and pre-teens. The segments were broadcast in the United States on the CBS television network from 1971 until 1986, between Saturday morning animated cartoon programs, alongside features...
Nickel-O-Zone (1998 - 2000) - Nickel-O-Zone was a one-hour programming block on the American cable television network Nickelodeon, geared toward older (preteen to teen) audiences, that ran from August 31, 1998 2000. It was aired on Sunday-Friday 8p and ended at 9p. ET.
Wiggly Park (1998 - 1999) - Wiggly Park was a British BBC children's television animated cartoon which was produced in 1997 and shown in 1998. Originally a children's radio programme on BBC Radio 5, the characters were voiced by British actors Andrew Sachs and Kate Sachs.
The More You Know (1989 - Current) - The More You Know is a series of public service announcements (PSAs) broadcast on the NBC family of channels in the United States and other locations, featuring educational messages. These PSAs are broadcast occasionally during NBC's network programming.
Sportsworld (1978 - 1992) - Sportsworld (also known as NBC SportsWorld) is an American sports anthology television program which aired on NBC on Saturday afternoons from 1978 to 1992. The program presented a wide variety of lower-profile and offbeat sporting events, in the same fashion as ABC's Wide World of Sports, and was ge...
Friday Night Fights (1998 - 2015) - In 1998, ESPN premiered Friday Night Fights, a part of its coverage of boxing. The series traditionally featured bouts involving up-and-coming and semi-professional boxers, along with studio segments covering headlines and developments across the sport. As implied by its title, the program was prima...
Unscripted with Chris Connelly (2001 - 2002) - Unscripted with Chris Connelly is a half-hour daily interview program that aired on ESPN from October 22, 2001 until June 25, 2002. Originating live Monday through Friday at 5PM ET from the ESPN Zone at Downtown Disney in Anaheim, California, and hosted by Chris Connelly, Unscripted was designed to...
Up Close (1981 - 2001) - Up Close is an American sports interview show that aired on ESPN from 19812001. The program debuted in 1981 on USA Network and was created by the advertising agency Foote, Cone and Belding to advertise one of its clients, Mazda cars. Mazda SportsLook moved to ESPN in 1982 and was subsequently rechr...
Get Up! (2018 - Current) - Get Up! is an American sports talk morning television program hosted by Mike Greenberg that airs weekdays on ESPN. The show is broadcast from a newly built studio in Pier 17 at New York's South Street Seaport. The premiere was originally set for New Year's Day 2018, but construction delays at the ne...
Monday Night Countdown (1993 - Current) - ESPN Monday Night Countdown, branded for sponsorship purposes as Monday Night Countdown presented by Courtyard by Marriott is an American pregame television program that is broadcast on ESPN, preceding Monday Night Football. When it debuted in 1993 as NFL Prime Monday, and Monday Night Football was...
Outside the Lines (1990 - Current) - Outside the Lines, or also referred to as OTL, is an American television program on ESPN that looks "outside the lines" and examines critical issues in mostly American sports on and off the field of play. The primary host of the show, is Jeremy Schaap. He replaced longtime sportscaster Bob Ley, who...
Sunday NFL Countdown (1985 - Current) - Sunday NFL Countdown (stylized as Sunday NFL Countdown presented by Snickers for sponsorship reasons) is an American pregame television program that covers the NFL action for that week. The shows airs on Sunday mornings during the NFL season from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM.
USA Thursday Game of the Week (1979 - 1983) - The USA Thursday Game of the Week is a former television program that broadcast Major League Baseball games on the USA Network. In 1979, 22 teams (all but the Atlanta Braves, Houston Astros, New York Mets, and St. Louis Cardinals) participated in a one-year cable deal with United Artists Television...
NASCAR on USA (1982 - 1984) - NASCAR on USA is a former television program that broadcast NASCAR races on the USA Network. From 1982 to 1984. , USA Network broadcast the UNO Twin 125s (now the Bluegreen Vacations Duel). USA used CBS' crew, graphics and announcers. USA also aired the Atlanta ARCA race in 1985 and televised severa...
Soccer on ESPN (1981 - Current) - Soccer on ESPN is a number of programs that currently airs Association football matches in the United States. ESPN would sign with the North American Soccer League in 1981 and would broadcast its games exclusively. The first soccer game series ESPN aired was the 1986 FIFA World Cup and would air eve...
Tennis on USA (1984 - 2008) - Tennis on USA is a television program produced by the USA Network that broadcasts the main professional tennis tournaments in the United States. The network was the longtime cable home of the US Open, which moved to ESPN2 and the Tennis Channel as of 2009. Universal HD provided the high definition s...
IndyCar Series on NBC (2009 - Current) - Since 2009 NBC has broadcast the IndyCar Series under a totally different package from its full Motorsports Series. The show has also gone under the titles of IndyCar Live and IndyCar Central. At IndyCar events, the program is always hosted by Leigh Diffey; Diffey also does Athletics and Rugby Union...
TV Guide Awards (1960 - 2001) - The TV Guide Award was an annual award created by the editors of TV Guide magazine, as a readers poll to honor outstanding programs and performers in the American television industry. In 1961 the TV Guide Award was cited by the Associated Press as one of the three important entertainment awards, tog...
Amp (1996 - 2001) - Amp was a music video program on MTV that aired from 1996 to 2001. It was aimed at the electronic music and rave crowd and was responsible for exposing many electronica acts to the mainstream. When co-creator Todd Mueller (who had worked on this with V. Owen Bush, Amy Finnerty and show co-creator Bu...
120 Minutes (1986 - 2013) - 120 Minutes is a television program in the United States dedicated to the alternative music genre, that originally aired on MTV from 1986 to 2000, and then aired on MTV's associate channel MTV2 from 2001 to 2003.
Total Request Live (1998 - Current) - Total Request Live (known commonly as TRL) is an American television program broadcast on MTV that premiered on September 14, 1998. The series features popular music videos played during its countdown, and was also used as a promotion tool by musicians, actors, and other celebrities to promote their...
Soccer on NBC Sports (1986 - Current) - Soccer on NBC Sports is a number of television programs that have aired Association football matches in the United States on NBC and NBCSN. NBC began by airing the 1986 FIFA World Cup for the United States. They sporadically aired soccer matches from various league until 012 when they briefly became...
The Cartoon Cartoon Top 5 (2002 - 2008) - The Cartoon Cartoon Top 5, or simply the Top 5 (also known as the Top Five Cartoons or the Cartoon Top 5 since 2004 and known in the planning stages as Cartoon Cartoon's Greatest Hits) was an hour-long Cartoon Network programming block that originally featured a countdown of the week's five "best" C...
POV (1988 - Current) - The longest-running showcase on television for independent documentary films. PBS presents 1416 POV programs each year, and the series has premiered over 400 films to U.S. television audiences since 1988. POV's films have a strong first-person, social-issue focus. Many established directors, includ...
Austin City Limits (1976 - Current) - Austin City Limits is an American public television music program recorded live in Austin, Texas, by PBS member television station KLRU, and broadcast on many PBS stations around the United States. The show helped Austin to become widely known as the "Live Music Capital of the World", and is the onl...
Pink Panther & Pals (2010 - 2011) - Pink Panther and Pals is an American animated television series and is a modern adaptation of the hit NBC series The Pink Panther Show. The program was produced by Desert Panther Production and Rubicon Studios in association MGM Television, and premiered on March 7, 2010, both in HD and SD.
Home (1988 - 1994) - Home, also referred to as The Home Show, is a daytime informational talk show which aired on ABC from 1988 to 1994. The program was co-hosted by Robb Weller and Sandy Hill during the first season.
British Open on ABC (1962 - 2009) - British Open on ABC was the longest-running American sports program in ABC's history and the last-surviving ABC program to debut in the 'circle c' era.
Baby Felix and Friends (2000 - 2001) - This involved an infant version of Felix being raised by Felix the Cat. This series only lasted one season. The show followed other similar programs of having younger versions of popular cartoon characters.
CBS Morning News (1963 series) (1963 - 1987) - On September 2, 1963, CBS News debuted its newest original version of the weekday morning program: "CBS Morning News" as a half-hour program, with anchor Mike Wallace. In August 1965, the program was moved to 7:05 a.m. eastern time. In late 1968, Joseph Benti took over as anchor (until August 28,...
Primetime Emmy Awards (1967 - Current) - The Primetime Emmy Award is an American award bestowed by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS) in recognition of excellence in American primetime television programming. First given out in 1949, the award was originally referred to as simply the "Emmy Awards" until the first Daytime Emmy...
Daytime Emmy Awards (1974 - Current) - The Daytime Emmy Award is an American accolade bestowed by the New Yorkbased National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming. Ceremonies generally are held in May or June. The ceremony has been broadcast in Priemtime since 199...
The Academy of Country Music Awards (1972 - Current) - The Academy of Country Music Awards, also known as the ACM Awards, were first held in 1966, honoring the industry's accomplishments during the previous year. It was the first country music awards program held by a major organization. The Academy's signature "hat" trophy was first created in 1968. Th...
Mi Recinto (2001 - 2014) - Mi Recinto is an Ecuadorian folkloric comic series of situation that has been transmitted since 2001 by the signal of TC Televisin. The series originated from a sketch of the comic parody program, Ni en Vivo Ni en Directo, where originally it was called Paja Toquilla and shortly after Nuestro Recin...
Disney's Gummi Bears/Winnie the Pooh Hour (1989 - 1991) - Disney's Gummi Bears/Winnie the Pooh Hour was a one-hour television programming block of Adventures of the Gummi Bears and The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh episodes which aired on ABC from September 9, 1989 to October 7, 1991.
60 Minutes+ (2021 - Current) - The American streaming news version of the CBS News longest-running newsmagazine program features longer segments.
Arnie's Shack (2006 - Current) - Australian Christian Childrens program featuringGet Active with Postman PJ, Balloon Kaboon! with Pr. Daron, D.I.Y. for Kids, Check it Out with Ranger Hardy.
Early Risers with Ketchup TV (2012 - Current) - A selection of your favorite Ketchup TV programs for early risers.
Atkinson Film-Arts' Cartoon Classics (1985 - 1987) - A special series of 4 adaptations produced for CTV by Atkinson Film-Arts, made between 1985-87. The programs were: The Brothers Grimm's "Rumpelstiltskin" (1985), Margery Williams' "The Velveteen Rabbit" (1985), and two Hans Christian Anderson stories: "The Tin Soldier" (1986) and "The Nightingale" (...
Bloomberg Daybreak: Americas (2016 - Current) - This weekday morning program delivers viewers information about business and financial news from the Americas.
Puppy Bowl (2005 - Current) - The Puppy Bowl is an annual television program on Animal Planet that mimics an American football game similar to the Super Bowl, using puppies. Shown each year on Super Bowl Sunday, the show consists of footage of a batch of puppies at play inside a model stadium, with commentary on their actions. T...
The 11th Hour with Brian Williams (2016 - Current) - This American weeknight news and political television program has been airing weeknights at 11PM eastern time on MSNBC since its premiere on September 6, 2016.
AMHQ: America's Morning Headquarters (2000 - Current) - This American weekday morning program on The Weather Channel, debut on January 3, 2000 as 'Your Weather Today'. On November 12, 2012, the program changed its titles with a new name: "Morning Rush". On March 17, 2014, the program changed once again, this time with a new name: "AMHQ: America's Morni...
Morning Joe (2007 - Current) - This American weekday morning news program has been on MSNBC since its debut on April 9, 2007.
Access Hollywood (1996 - Current) - Access Hollywood, formerly known as Access from 2017 to 2019, is an American weekday television entertainment news program that premiered on September 9, 1996. It covers events and celebrities in the entertainment industry. It was created by former Entertainment Tonight executive producer Jim Van Me...
Through the Night with Ketchup TV (2012 - Current) - A selection of your favorite Ketchup TV programs airing all night long.
Short Circuit(1986) - Number 5, one of a group of experimental military robots, undergoes a sudden transformation after being struck by lightning. He develops self-awareness, consciousness, and a fear of the reprogramming that awaits him back at the factory. With the help of a young woman, Number 5 tries to evade capture...
Tron(1982) - Computer Classic, one of the first computer generated movies. A hacker is split into molecules and is transported into a computer. In this computer a mean program called Master Control behaves like a dictator. The hacker, who programmed a number of features of the environment he got into, teams up w...
Elvira, Mistress Of The Dark(1988) - Elvira, who is the host of a cheap horror movie program finds that she is the heir to an aunt's mansion in New England. The mansion is the home of some interesting magical items, but her first conflicts come from her attempts to bring some life to the small town, especially to the young people. The...
Ragewar(1985) - A computer programmer/enthusiast Paul Bradford (Jeffery Byron), and his girlfriend Gwen (Leslie Wing), get sucked into another world where a sorcerer named Mestema, known as "The Dungeonmaster" (Richard Moll), has them interact in seven different scenarios/riddles to see who can survive. They must f...
Sidekicks(1992) - Barry is an asthmatic kid having trouble in life. He lives with his father, a computer programmer, in Texas. Barry is struggling to get by in life, dealing with his rough school life, bullies, as well as his health. Barry's only source of enjoyment is fantasizing that he is with Chuck Norris. Barry...
Only the Strong(1993) - Luis Stevens returns from a four-year stint as a Green Beret in Brazil to find that his old high school in Miami has turned into a breeding zone for violence and drugs. Determined to do all in his power to turn Lincoln High -- and its students -- around, Luis proposes a program to the principal and...
Sister Act(1992) - Sister Act is about a Reno lounge singer named Deloris Van Carter who witnesses her mobster boyfriend killing an employer. She is then hidden in a convent under a witness protection program. She soon makes friends with the nuns especially Sister Mary Robert, Sister Mary Lazuras and Sister Mary Patri...
The Kentucky Fried Movie(1977) - A series of loosely connected skits that spoof news programs, commercials, porno films, kung-fu films, disaster films, blaxploitation films, spy films, mafia films, and the fear that somebody is watching you on the other side of the TV.
Eraser(1996) - Top-notch action sequences and exciting stunt work highlight this fast-moving thriller. John Kruger (Arnold Schwarzenegger) is a top agent in the U.S. Marshalls' Witness Protection Program; it's his job to "erase" the pasts of Federal witnesses under his watch and deal with anyone who tries to hurt...
Class of 1999(1990) - This is a cool, less known sci-fi movie. The year is 1999 and well drugs and voilence is high, and of course gangs. Well that's about to change. The school board has a program to reopen the schools. Enter ex-gangmember Cody Culp, he is orderd by the courts to attend high school. Now he has to deal...
Dr. No(1962) - The mysterious scientist Dr. No sabotages the American space program from his secret base in Jamaica. The Secret Service sends its best agent after this him. Dr. No is the first film of legendary James Bond series starring Sean Connery in the role of a British super agent.
FM(1978) - Los Angeles radio station QSKY has become a ratings juggernaut under the guidance of hip, passionate program director Jeff Dugan (played by Michael Brandon). The executives who own the station naturally see it as an opportunity to make lots and lots of money by flooding the airwaves with ads. Meanwh...
Goldeneye(1995) - Bond, while on holiday, meets the beautiful but deadly Xenia Onatopp, a member of a Russia mafia group and attempts to stop Xenia and another person taking the 'Tiger' helicopter, a new design and protected against any form of jamming. Meanwhile, Natalya Siminova, a Russian computer programmer is sh...
Spies Like Us(1985) - Two totally incompetent applicants, Emmett Fitzhume and Austin Millbarge, are chosen from a CIA recruitment program. They are parachuted into Pakistan and eventually end up in Afghanistan, chased by the Russians, where they learn they are being used as decoys to draw out the Sovet defenses. Two real...
Elvira, Mistress of the dark(1988) - Elvira, the host of a late night horror program, becomes the heiress of her rich Aunt's New England mansion, her dog and magical cookbook. Elvira is faced with all kinds of challenges from the uptight towns people to her evil uncle Vincent that will stop at nothing to get his hands on her Aunt's bo...
Little Man Tate(1991) - The story of the intellectually-gifted eight-year-old Fred Tate, his mother Dede and the director of a program for gifted children, Dr Jane Grierson. It explores the tension between Fred's emotional and intellectual needs and between his mother and D
Universal Soldier(1992) - Jean-Claude Van Damme and Dolph Lundgren play archenemies from beyond the grave in this action film. During the Vietnam War, Luc (Van Damme), hoping to be sent home, comes upon blood-crazy Scott (Lundgren), who is starting a one-man genocide program. When Luc tries to stop Scott's carnage, Scott fig...
EDtv(1999) - The turning point in the life of Ed Pekurny (Matthew McConaughey) comes thanks to the misfortunes of the NorthWest Broadcasting Company. After two years on the air, their flagship cable channel, True TV, has slid into obscurity due to competition from the The Gardening Channel. Program director Cynt...
New World Disorder(1999) - In this high-tech thriller, David Marx (Rutger Hauer), a take-no-prisoners homicide detective, is teamed with computer expert Kris Paddock (Tara Fitzgerald) to track down Kurt Bishop (Andrew McCarthy), a software pirate who has been trying to steal a valuable encryption security program. Bishop will...
The Barefoot Executive(1971) - In the wacky world of TV, an ambitious mailroom boy, Steven Post, at the United Broadcasting Company (UBC), discovers a chimpanzee being taken care of by his girlfriend, Jennifer has an amazing talent. Unerringly , the chimp can pick programs that will become hits. So Steven secretly uses the chimp...
Animal Room(1995) - A high school student enters a new, highly controversial drug treatment program, with violent results.
Switching Channels(1988) - Sully is the producer of a cable news network program. Christy is his ex-wife and best reporter. Her desire to quit the news business and marry Blaine, a sporting goods manufacturer comes as an innocent man is about to be executed. Sully's attempts to keep her in town and break up her upcoming marri...
Solo(1996) - Solo is an android designed as a military killing machine. He is sent to Central America by General Haynes to battle guerrilla insurgents, but a flaw develops in his programming and he develops a conscience and compassion. His developers try to take him back for deprogramming, but he flees to the ju...
From the Earth to the Moon(1998) - This was a 12 part HBO miniseries about the history of NASA's Apollo program. It told the tale from a variety of different perspectives. Tom Hanks (one of the producers of the miniseries and, of course, also a star of "Apollo 13") introduced each episode.
White Wolves II: Legend of the Wild (1995)(1995) - "When a few troubled teenagers go on a conservation outreach program to rescue a pair of juvenile wolves in order to improve their school records they encounter unexpected challenges
The Program(1993) - Several players from different backgrounds try to cope with the pressures of playing football at a major university. Each deals with the pressure differently, some turn to drinking, others to drugs, and some to studying.
Videodrome(1983) - Max Renn (James Woods) runs a lowly television station and always looks for more extreme programming to attract an audience. Max picks up an unknown program called Videodrome that only depicts torture and murder. As Max becomes more obsessed with Videodrome, the more he begins to have hallucinations...
ThrillKill(1984) - Karlie (Diana Reis)is a computer programmer who hacks into bank accounts and amasses a fortune of 5 million dollars.The company Karlie works for wants the money so they have her killed.Karlie's stewardess sister Bobbi(Gina Massey) teams up with a detective(Robin Ward) to find Karlie's killer and the...
We Are Marshall(2006) - When a plane crash claims the lives of members of the Marshall University football team and some of its fans, the team's new coach and his surviving players try to keep the football program alive.
Fire and Rescue(1993) - A Direct to video program created by Fred Levine about how a fire fighter's job is. Produced by Focus Video Productions Inc., (Now known as Little Hardhat).
Repo! The Genetic Opera(2008) - A worldwide epidemic encourages a biotech company to launch an organ-financing program similar in nature to a standard car loan. The repossession clause is a killer, however.
The Empire of the Corpses(2015) - By the 19th century, humanity has cultivated technology enabling the reanimation of corpses. Unable to experience individual thoughts or emotions, the corpses are programmed by humans to act as laborers in variou
He Said, She Said(1991) - Dan and Lorie are journalists working in the same office. More often than not they have opposing view of the issue in question. Deciding that this is hot stuff, a television producer gives them their own program (called "He Said, She Said") where they can give their opposing views on various issues....
Learn Gun Safety With Eddie Eagle(1992) - This excellent animated video, hosted by Jason Priestley, isan entertaining and effective way to teach children the impor-tant safety message that guns are not toys. The Eddie EagleGun Safety Program reaches over a million parents and chil-dren each year.Time: 7 minutes
Have Rocket, Will Travel(1959) - The Three Stooges are bumbling janitors at The National Space Foundation..who find out that the creator of the rocket fuel"Dr.Narvig"is in trouble..her fuel is not helping the rocket travel into space and unless she can create a new super fuel..the US government will shut down the program.The boys c...
Prototype(1992) - In a post-apocolyptic Los Angeles, a wheelchair bound veteren volunteers for an experimental cybergenic program that wil allow him to walk again only to find that it turns him into a lethal killing machine pre-programmed to kill the last remaining member of the resistance - the woman he loves.
Yes Man(2008) - Carl Allen is at a standstill in his life ever since his divorce and spends his days hating his job and wallowing with low self-esteem instead hanging around with his pals. One day, a chance meeting with an old friend sends Carl to a self-help seminar where the basic principle of the program is to s...
The Incredible Hulk(2008) - Bruce Banner Becomes The Hulk As An Unwitting Pawn In A U.S. Military Scheme To Reinvigorate The Super Soldier Program Through Gamma Radiation, On The Run In South America As He Attempts To Cure Himself Of The Hulk Before He Is Captured by General Thunderbolt Ross But His Worst Fears Are Realized Wh...
The Matrix Revolutions(2003) - Neo and Bane lie unconscious in the medical bay of the ship Hammer. Meanwhile, Neo finds his digital self trapped in a virtual subway station a transition zone between the Matrix and the Machine City. In that subway station, he meets a "family" of programs, including a girl named Sati, whose fathe...
The Killing Of Sister George(1968) - George lives with her lover, Childie and plays a cheerful district nurse in a BBC soap opera. However, her character is to be killed off, and George realises that the only other job she can get is the voice of a cow in a children's tv programme. Her life begins to fall apart as Childie has an affair...
Universal Soldier: Regeneration(2009) - When terrorists threaten nuclear catastrophe, the world's only hope is to reactivate decommissioned Universal Soldier Luc Deveraux. Rearmed and reprogrammed, Deveraux must take on his nemesis from the original Universal Soldier and a next-generation "UniSol".
Antitrust(2001) - A computer programmer's dream job at a hot Portland-based firm turns nightmarish when he discovers his boss has a secret and ruthless means of dispatching anti-trust problems.
The Weather Man(2005) - A successful weatherman at a Chicago news program, David Spritz (Nicolas Cage) is well paid but garners little respect from people in the area who throw fast food at him, David suspects, because they're resentful of how easy his high-paying job is. Dave also feels overshadowed by his father, Pulitze...
Mouse into Space(1962) - Jerry, tired of Tom's repeated attempts to harm him, gets mad and leaves the house to join a space program. Tom tries to convince Jerry to stay, but to no avail. While Jerry is tested for the space program, Tom becomes so distraught that he becomes an old alcoholic. However, he falls asleep in a lar...
Programmed To Kill(1987) - A middle eastern female terrorist is captured by the CIA in Greece, after an attack on a marketplace. Transported back to the USA, the terrorist undergoes an operation where she is transformed into a cybernetic killing machine. Now the CIA have a secret weapon to send back to the Middle East, but ho...
Won't You Be My Neighbor?(2018) - A deep look into the life and guiding philosophy of children's TV host Fred Rogers and his program "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood"
Underworld: Awakening(2012) - A few years after the events of the second film, both the government and the general public have become aware of the existence of the Vampires and Lycans. A program to study and potentially harness their powers soon escalates into an all-out genocide and shortly after the Purge begins, Selene and Mi...
Tron: Legacy(2010) - Years after Flynn's original adventure, adult son Sam responds to a message from his long-lost father and is transported into a virtual reality called "the Grid," where Sam, his father, and the algorithm Quorra must stop the malevolent program Clu from invading the real world.
Karatix(1986) - Tiana Alexandra (the only woman to be trained by Bruce Lee) is the innovator of KARATIX, a unique exercise and self-defense training program. It combines elements of dance and combat art disciplines to develop self defense skills which the beginner can learn at home through regular practice. Tiana A...
https://myanimelist.net/anime/2111/RockmanEXE_Movie__Hikari_to_Yami_no_Program --
https://myanimelist.net/anime/30218/The_iDOLMSTER_Cinderella_Girls__Special_Program -- Comedy, Music
https://myanimelist.net/anime/31137/Mahou_Shoujo_Lyrical_Nanoha_ViVid__Special_Program -- Action, Magic, Martial Arts
https://myanimelist.net/anime/560/Soukyuu_no_Fafner__Right_of_Left_-_Single_Program -- Action, Drama, Mecha, Military, Sci-Fi
https://myanimelist.net/anime/579/Battle_Programmer_Shirase -- Comedy, Ecchi, Sci-Fi
https://myanimelist.net/manga/1443/Short_Program
https://myanimelist.net/manga/17318/Short_Program_2
https://myanimelist.net/manga/17319/Short_Program_3
https://myanimelist.net/manga/40865/Zettai_Renai_Program
Aliens in America ::: TV-PG | 30min | Comedy | TV Series (20072008) A young Muslim student from Pakistan is sent to live with a Christian family in Wisconsin as part of a foreign exchange program. Creators: David Guarascio, Moses Port Stars:
Annie Hall (1977) ::: 8.0/10 -- PG | 1h 33min | Comedy, Romance | 20 April 1977 (USA) -- TV Program 3:46 | TV Program -- Neurotic New York comedian Alvy Singer falls in love with the ditzy Annie Hall. Director: Woody Allen Writers: Woody Allen, Marshall Brickman
Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) ::: 7.3/10 -- PG-13 | 2h 21min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi | 1 May 2015 (USA) -- When Tony Stark and Bruce Banner try to jump-start a dormant peacekeeping program called Ultron, things go horribly wrong and it's up to Earth's mightiest heroes to stop the villainous Ultron from enacting his terrible plan. Director: Joss Whedon Writers:
Backstabbing for Beginners (2018) ::: 6.3/10 -- R | 1h 48min | Drama, History, Romance | 27 April 2018 (USA) -- A young program coordinator at the United Nations stumbles upon a conspiracy involving Iraq's oil reserves. Director: Per Fly Writers: Per Fly (screenplay by), Daniel Pyne (screenplay by) | 1 more credit
Black Mirror: Bandersnatch (2018) ::: 7.2/10 -- TV-MA | 1h 30min | Drama, Fantasy, Mystery | TV Movie 28 December 2018 -- A young programmer starts to question reality when he adapts a mad writer's fantasy novel into a video game. Director: David Slade Writer: Charlie Brooker
Boy Erased (2018) ::: 6.9/10 -- R | 1h 55min | Biography, Drama | 8 November 2018 (Australia) -- The son of a Baptist preacher unwillingly participates in a church-supported gay conversion program after being forcibly outed to his parents. Director: Joel Edgerton Writers:
Chappie (2015) ::: 6.8/10 -- R | 2h | Action, Crime, Drama | 6 March 2015 (USA) -- In the near future, crime is patrolled by a mechanized police force. When one police droid, Chappie, is stolen and given new programming, he becomes the first robot with the ability to think and feel for himself. Director: Neill Blomkamp Writers:
Cow and Chicken ::: TV-PG | 30min | Animation, Adventure, Comedy | TV Series (19971999) The program focuses on the misadventures of two unlikely yet somehow biological siblings: Cow and Chicken. Creator: David Feiss Stars:
Dead Poets Society (1989) ::: 8.1/10 -- PG | 2h 8min | Comedy, Drama | 9 June 1989 (USA) -- TV Program 3:06 | TV Program -- Maverick teacher John Keating uses poetry to embolden his boarding school students to new heights of self-expression. Director: Peter Weir Writer: Tom Schulman
Death Battle ::: TV-MA | Animation, Action, Comedy | TV Series (2010- ) Episode Guide 142 episodes Death Battle Poster Fictional characters from movies, comics, manga, television programs, literature and video games are created in a simulated battle to the death. Stars: Ben Singer, Chad James, Chris Guerrero
Doogie Howser, M.D. ::: TV-PG | 30min | Comedy, Drama, Family | TV Series (19891993) -- A teenage genius deals with the usual problems of growing up, on top of being a licensed physician in a difficult residency program. Creators: Steven Bochco, David E. Kelley
Dr. No (1962) ::: 7.2/10 -- PG | 1h 50min | Action, Adventure, Thriller | 10 October 1962 (UK) -- A resourceful British government agent seeks answers in a case involving the disappearance of a colleague and the disruption of the American space program. Director: Terence Young Writers:
Edward Scissorhands (1990) ::: 7.9/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 45min | Drama, Fantasy, Romance | 14 December 1990 (USA) -- TV Program 3:13 | TV Program -- An artificial man, who was incompletely constructed and has scissors for hands, leads a solitary life. Then one day, a suburban lady meets him and introduces him to her world. Director: Tim Burton Writers:
Ex Machina (2014) ::: 7.7/10 -- R | 1h 48min | Drama, Sci-Fi, Thriller | 24 April 2015 (USA) -- A young programmer is selected to participate in a ground-breaking experiment in synthetic intelligence by evaluating the human qualities of a highly advanced humanoid A.I. Director: Alex Garland Writer:
Extras ::: TV-MA | 30min | Comedy, Drama | TV Series (20052007) TV Program 2:15 | TV Program -- Andy Millman (Ricky Gervais) is an actor with ambition and a script. Reduced to working as an extra with a useless agent, Andy's attempts to boost his career invariably end in failure and embarrassment. Creators:
Faults (2014) ::: 6.7/10 -- Not Rated | 1h 29min | Comedy, Crime, Drama | 6 March 2015 (USA) -- A cult deprogrammer must help a couple whose daughter has recently joined a cult. Director: Riley Stearns Writer: Riley Stearns
Flawless (1999) ::: 6.5/10 -- R | 1h 52min | Comedy, Crime, Drama | 24 November 1999 (USA) -- An ultraconservative security guard suffers a debilitating stroke and is assigned to a rehabilitative program that includes singing lessons, with the drag queen next door. Director: Joel Schumacher Writer:
Friday (1995) ::: 7.3/10 -- R | 1h 31min | Comedy, Drama | 26 April 1995 (USA) -- TV Program 3:47 | TV Program -- It's Friday, and Craig and Smokey must come up with $200 they owe a local bully or there won't be a Saturday. Director: F. Gary Gray Writers: Ice Cube, DJ Pooh
GoldenEye (1995) ::: 7.2/10 -- PG-13 | 2h 10min | Action, Adventure, Thriller | 17 November 1995 (USA) -- Years after a friend and fellow 00 agent is killed on a joint mission, a secret space based weapons program known as "GoldenEye" is stolen. James Bond sets out to stop a Russian crime syndicate from using the weapon. Director: Martin Campbell Writers:
Gridlock'd (1997) ::: 6.9/10 -- R | 1h 31min | Comedy, Crime, Drama | 29 January 1997 (USA) -- Two friends try to kick their drug addiction after a friend dies from an overdose, when they try to enroll in a detox program, things quickly go wrong. Director: Vondie Curtis-Hall Writer:
Heathers (1989) ::: 7.2/10 -- R | 1h 43min | Comedy, Crime | 31 March 1989 (USA) -- TV Program 3:13 | TV Program -- At Westerburg High where cliques rule, jerk jocks dominate and the most popular girls are all named Heather, it's going to take a Veronica and the mysterious and possibly psychotic new kid J.D. to give teen angst a body count. Director: Michael Lehmann Writer:
Hidden Figures (2016) ::: 7.8/10 -- PG | 2h 7min | Biography, Drama, History | 6 January 2017 (USA) -- The story of a team of female African-American mathematicians who served a vital role in NASA during the early years of the U.S. space program. Director: Theodore Melfi Writers:
Homecoming ::: TV-MA | 30min | Drama, Mystery, Thriller | TV Series (2018 ) -- An anthology series centered around the mysterious Geist Group, an unconventional wellness company and their equally unorthodox program, the Homecoming Initiative. Creators:
How Do They Do It? -- 51min | Documentary | TV Series (2006- ) Episode Guide 292 episodes How Do They Do It? Poster ::: This program is about engineering and scientific miracles and the people whose ability to solve problems make them happen. Stars: Chris Broyles, Dominic Frisby, Iain Lee
Idiocracy (2006) ::: 6.6/10 -- R | 1h 24min | Adventure, Comedy, Sci-Fi | 25 January 2007 (Germany) -- Private Joe Bauers, the definition of "average American", is selected by the Pentagon to be the guinea pig for a top-secret hibernation program. Forgotten, he awakes five centuries in the future. He discovers a society so incredibly dumbed down that he's easily the most intelligent person alive. Director: Mike Judge
I'm Alan Partridge ::: TV-MA | 29min | Comedy | TV Series (19972002) Alan Partridge, a failed television presenter, is now presenting a programme on local radio in Norwich. He desperately tries to revive his broadcasting career. Stars: Steve Coogan, Simon Greenall, Felicity Montagu Available on Amazon
In Plain Sight ::: TV-14 | 1h | Crime, Drama, Mystery | TV Series (20082012) -- U.S. Marshal Mary Shannon must hunt down witnesses for federal cases in the witness protection program while also managing a rather dysfunctional family and her own personal life. Creator:
Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) ::: 7.7/10 -- R | 2h 9min | Action, Adventure, Comedy | 13 February 2015 (USA) -- A spy organisation recruits a promising street kid into the agency's training program, while a global threat emerges from a twisted tech genius. Director: Matthew Vaughn Writers:
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver ::: TV-MA | 30min | Comedy, News, Talk-Show | TV Series (2014- ) Episode Guide 213 episodes Last Week Tonight with John Oliver Poster -- Former Daily Show host and correspondent John Oliver brings his persona to this weekly news satire program. Stars: John Oliver, David Kaye, Ryan Barger
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver ::: TV-MA | 30min | Comedy, News, Talk-Show | TV Series (2014 ) -- Former Daily Show host and correspondent John Oliver brings his persona to this weekly news satire program. Stars: John Oliver, David Kaye, Ryan Barger
Love ::: TV-MA | 50min | Comedy, Drama, Romance | TV Series (20162018) -- A program that follows a couple who must navigate the exhilarations and humiliations of intimacy, commitment and other things they were hoping to avoid. Creators:
Mindhunters (2004) ::: 6.4/10 -- R | 1h 46min | Crime, Horror, Thriller | 13 May 2005 (USA) -- Trainees in the FBI's psychological profiling program must put their training into practice when they discover a killer in their midst. Director: Renny Harlin Writers: Wayne Kramer (story), Wayne Kramer (screenplay) | 1 more credit
Morning Glory (2010) ::: 6.5/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 47min | Comedy, Drama, Romance | 10 November 2010 (USA) -- An upstart television producer accepts the challenge of reviving a struggling morning show program with warring co-hosts. Director: Roger Michell Writer: Aline Brosh McKenna
Person of Interest ::: TV-14 | 43min | Action, Crime, Drama | TV Series (20112016) -- An ex-CIA agent and a wealthy programmer save lives via a surveillance AI that sends them the identities of civilians involved in impending crimes. However, the details of the crimes, including the civilians' roles, are left a mystery. Creator:
Person of Interest ::: TV-14 | 43min | Action, Crime, Drama | TV Series (2011-2016) Episode Guide 103 episodes Person of Interest Poster -- An ex-CIA agent and a wealthy programmer save lives via a surveillance AI that sends them the identities of civilians involved in impending crimes. However, the details of the crimes, including the civilians' roles, are left a mystery. Creator:
ReBoot ::: TV-Y7 | 30min | Animation, Action, Adventure | TV Series (19942001) -- In the inner computer world of Mainframe, a guardian program sprite and his friends defend the system from threats from viruses and the User. Creators: Gavin Blair, John Grace, Philip Mitchell | 1 more credit
Repo! The Genetic Opera (2008) ::: 6.6/10 -- R | 1h 38min | Horror, Musical, Sci-Fi | 20 November 2008 (Czech -- Repo! The Genetic Opera Poster -- A worldwide epidemic encourages a biotech company to launch an organ-financing program similar in nature to a standard car loan. The repossession clause is a killer, however. Director: Darren Lynn Bousman Writers:
Reverie ::: TV-14 | 1h | Drama, Sci-Fi, Thriller | TV Series (2018) -- A former hostage negotiator takes a job retrieving people who are lost in a virtual reality program. Creator: Mickey Fisher
Rise ::: TV-14 | 43min | Drama | TV Series (2018) -- A working class high school drama department and the students come alive under a passionate teacher and family man whose dedication to the program galvanizes the entire town. Stars:
Robot & Frank (2012) ::: 7.1/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 29min | Comedy, Crime, Drama | 19 September 2012 (France) -- In the near future, an ex-jewel thief receives a gift from his son: a robot butler programmed to look after him. But soon the two companions try their luck as a heist team. Director: Jake Schreier Writer:
Role Models (2008) ::: 6.8/10 -- R | 1h 39min | Comedy | 7 November 2008 (USA) -- Wild behavior forces a pair of energy drink reps to enroll in a Big Brother program. Director: David Wain Writers: Timothy Dowling (story), W. Blake Herron (story) (as William Blake
Series 7: The Contenders (2001) ::: 6.5/10 -- R | 1h 26min | Comedy, Thriller | 25 May 2001 (Italy) -- A TV program selects people at random to kill one another for fame and their freedom. Director: Daniel Minahan Writer: Daniel Minahan Stars:
Source Code (2011) ::: 7.5/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 33min | Action, Drama, Mystery | 1 April 2011 (USA) -- A soldier wakes up in someone else's body and discovers he's part of an experimental government program to find the bomber of a commuter train within 8 minutes. Director: Duncan Jones Writer:
Sports Night ::: TV-PG | 30min | Comedy, Drama, Sport | TV Series (19982000) -- Casey McCall and Dan Rydell are sports anchors and best friends. On "Sports Night," their nightly cable program. Creator: Aaron Sorkin
Stick It (2006) ::: 6.4/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 43min | Comedy, Drama, Sport | 28 April 2006 (USA) -- After a run-in with the law, Haley Graham (Missy Peregrym) is forced to return to the world from which she fled some years ago. Enrolled in an elite gymnastics program run by the legendary Burt Vickerman (Jeff Bridges), Haley's rebellious attitude gives way to something that just might be called team spirit. Director: Jessica Bendinger
Talk Radio (1988) ::: 7.3/10 -- R | 1h 50min | Drama | 13 January 1989 (USA) -- A rude, contemptuous talk show host becomes overwhelmed by the hatred that surrounds his program just before it goes national. Director: Oliver Stone Writers: Stephen Singular (book), Eric Bogosian (play) | 4 more credits Stars:
Terra Formars ::: TV-14 | Animation, Action, Horror | TV Series (2014- ) Episode Guide 27 episodes Terra Formars Poster With the space program attempting to travel to Mars, 21st century scientists were tasked with warming up the planet so that humans could survive on its surface. They came up with an ... S Stars: Ben Diskin, Erica Lindbeck, Peter Lurie
The Bourne Ultimatum (2007) ::: 8.0/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 55min | Action, Mystery, Thriller | 3 August 2007 (USA) -- Jason Bourne dodges a ruthless C.I.A. official and his Agents from a new assassination program while searching for the origins of his life as a trained killer. Director: Paul Greengrass Writers: Tony Gilroy (screenplay), Scott Z. Burns (screenplay) | 3 more credits
The Hour ::: TV-14 | 1h | Drama | TV Series (20112012) -- A behind-the-scenes drama and espionage thriller in Cold War-era England that centers on a journalist, a producer, and an anchorman for an investigative news programme. Creator:
The Joy Luck Club (1993) ::: 7.7/10 -- R | 2h 19min | Drama | 29 October 1993 (USA) -- TV Program 3:02 | TV Program -- The life histories of four Asian women and their daughters reflect and guide each other. Director: Wayne Wang Writers: Amy Tan (novel), Amy Tan (screenplay) | 1 more credit
The Joy of Painting ::: TV-G | 30min | Documentary, Family | TV Series (19831994) In this half-hour program, artist Bob Ross paints on canvas a beautiful oil painting. Stars: Bob Ross, Steve Ross, Dana Jester Available on Amazon
The Mustang (2019) ::: 6.9/10 -- R | 1h 36min | Drama | 19 June 2019 (France) -- The story of Roman Coleman, a violent convict, who is given the chance to participate in a rehabilitation therapy program involving the training of wild mustangs. Director: Laure de Clermont-Tonnerre Writers:
The Program (1993) ::: 6.5/10 -- R | 1h 52min | Action, Drama, Romance | 24 September 1993 (USA) -- Several players from different backgrounds try to cope with the pressures of playing football at a major university. Each deals with the pressure differently, some turn to drinking, others to drugs, and some to studying. Director: David S. Ward Writers:
The Program (2015) ::: 6.5/10 -- R | 1h 39min | Biography, Drama, Sport | 18 March 2016 (USA) -- An Irish sports journalist becomes convinced that Lance Armstrong's performances during the Tour de France victories are fueled by banned substances. With this conviction, he starts hunting for evidence that will expose Armstrong. Director: Stephen Frears Writers:
The Report (2019) ::: 7.2/10 -- R | 1h 59min | Biography, Crime, Drama | 15 November 2019 (USA) -- Idealistic Senate staffer Daniel J. Jones, tasked by his boss to lead an investigation into the CIA's post 9/11 Detention and Interrogation Program, uncovers shocking secrets. Director: Scott Z. Burns Writer:
There's Something About Mary (1998) ::: 7.1/10 -- R | 1h 59min | Comedy, Romance | 15 July 1998 (USA) -- TV Program 6:11 | TV Program -- A man gets a chance to meet up with his dream girl from high school, even though his date with her back then was a complete disaster. Directors: Bobby Farrelly, Peter Farrelly Writers: Ed Decter (story), John J. Strauss (story) | 4 more credits
The Right Stuff (1983) ::: 7.8/10 -- PG | 3h 13min | Adventure, Biography, Drama | 17 February 1984 (USA) -- The story of the original Mercury 7 astronauts and their macho, seat-of-the-pants approach to the space program. Director: Philip Kaufman Writers: Philip Kaufman (written for the screen by), Tom Wolfe (based on the
The Sarah Silverman Program. ::: TV-14 | 22min | Comedy | TV Series (20072010) Sarah's immature, only thinks of herself and has no inhibition nor work. Her sister Laura pays her rent. She has a gay couple as neighbors. Laura's seeing cop Jay. Creators: Dan Harmon, Rob Schrab, Sarah Silverman Stars:
The Terminator (1984) ::: 8.0/10 -- R | 1h 47min | Action, Sci-Fi | 26 October 1984 (USA) -- 1 -- A human soldier is sent from 2029 to 1984 to stop an almost indestructible cyborg killing machine, sent from the same year, which has been programmed to execute a young woman whose unborn son is the key to humanity's future salvation. Director: James Cameron Writers:
TRON (1982) ::: 6.8/10 -- PG | 1h 36min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi | 9 July 1982 (USA) -- A computer hacker is abducted into the digital world and forced to participate in gladiatorial games where his only chance of escape is with the help of a heroic security program. Director: Steven Lisberger Writers:
TRON: Uprising ::: TV-Y7 | 30min | Animation, Action, Adventure | TV Series (20122013) -- In the computer world of the Grid, a young program joins Tron's fight against their world's tyranny. Creators: Adam Horowitz, Edward Kitsis, Steven Lisberger | 1 more credit
UnREAL ::: TV-MA | 42min | Drama | TV Series (20152018) -- A behind-the-scenes look at the chaos surrounding the production of a dating competition program. Creators: Marti Noxon, Sarah Gertrude Shapiro
Videodrome (1983) ::: 7.2/10 -- R | 1h 27min | Horror, Sci-Fi, Thriller | 4 February 1983 (USA) -- A programmer at a TV station that specializes in adult entertainment searches for the producers of a dangerous and bizarre broadcast. Director: David Cronenberg Writer: David Cronenberg
We Are Marshall (2006) ::: 7.1/10 -- PG | 2h 11min | Drama, Sport | 22 December 2006 (USA) -- When a plane crash claims the lives of members of the Marshall University football team and some of its fans, the team's new coach and his surviving players try to keep the football program alive. Director: McG Writers:
Weird Science (1985) ::: 6.6/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 34min | Comedy, Romance, Sci-Fi | 2 August 1985 (USA) -- Two high school nerds use a computer program to literally create the perfect woman, but she turns their lives upside down. Director: John Hughes Writer: John Hughes
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https://wowwiki-archive.fandom.com/wiki/Recruit-A-Friend_program
https://wowwiki-archive.fandom.com/wiki/World_of_Warcraft_Programming
18if -- -- Gonzo -- 13 eps -- Game -- Mystery Supernatural -- 18if 18if -- Waking up in a strange bedroom in a dream world, teenager Haruto Tsukishiro finds a strange app on his phone. When he activates the program, an odd woman appears and tries to drag him to her realm. Luckily, a mysterious, white-haired girl severs their connection and helps him escape, revealing that the woman is a witch; however, their conversation is cut short. As Haruto enters the realm again, he meets an anthropomorphic, talking cat named Katsumi Kanzaki. While the witch's minions pursue them, the white-haired girl opens a door for them to escape. -- -- After their ordeal, Haruto describes their savior—which only he can see—and Katsumi, the leading authority on dream world research, realizes that she must be "Lily," a being that resurfaces repeatedly across multiple dreamscapes. Hoping to leave the dream world through a blue door, they enter the witch's realm once again. Finding themselves in peril, Lily reveals the truth to Haruto: witches suffer from "Sleeping Beauty Syndrome," a coma-like sleep state induced by torment in their real world lives. Thus, they cannot wake until they are defeated in the dream world. -- -- After finally defeating the witch and locating the blue door, Haruto and Katsumi say their farewells, promising to meet up in the real world. However, when Haruto exits through the door he awakens in the dream world bedroom once more. Seeking answers, Haruto and Katsumi try to uncover the mysteries of the witches, Lily, and Haruto's own inability to leave the dream world. -- -- 47,700 6.16
Accel World -- -- Sunrise -- 24 eps -- Light novel -- Action Game Sci-Fi Romance School -- Accel World Accel World -- Haruyuki Arita is an overweight, bullied middle schooler who finds solace in playing online games. But his life takes a drastic turn one day, when he finds that all his high scores have been topped by Kuroyukihime, the popular vice president of the student council. She then invites him to the student lounge and introduces him to "Brain Burst," a program which allows the users to accelerate their brain waves to the point where time seems to stop. Brain Burst also functions as an augmented reality fighting game, and in order to get more points to accelerate, users must win duels against other players. However, if a user loses all their points, they will also lose access to Brain Burst forever. -- -- Kuroyukihime explains that she chose to show Haruyuki the program because she needs his help. She wants to meet the creator of Brain Burst and uncover the reason of why it was created, but that's easier said than done; to do so, she must defeat the "Six Kings of Pure Color," powerful faction leaders within the game, and reach level 10, the highest level attainable. After the girl helps Haruyuki overcome the bullies that torment him, he vows to help her realize her goal, and so begins the duo's fight to reach the top. -- -- -- Licensor: -- VIZ Media -- 612,411 7.30
Aoki Ryuusei SPT Layzner -- -- Sunrise -- 38 eps -- Original -- Space Mecha Military Sci-Fi -- Aoki Ryuusei SPT Layzner Aoki Ryuusei SPT Layzner -- The story takes place in an alternate reality based in the year 1996, where humanity is advanced enough to develop long-range space travel, as well as bases on both the Moon and Mars. However, the Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union have not ended; rather, they've escalated as both sides build military facilities in space, and the shadow of nuclear conflict looms over humanity, both on and off Earth. -- -- Meanwhile, on the Red Planet, an exchange program created by the United Nations to promote peace and understanding is about to begin; the "Cosmic Culture Club," consisting of 16 boys and girls, as well as their instructor Elizabeth, arrives at the UN Mars base. Among the passengers is Anna a 14-year-old girl who serves as the narrator for the story. -- -- Suddenly, four unidentified humanoid robots classified as Super Powered Tracers are detected, engaged in fierce combat with each other. The UN base is caught in the crossfire and quickly destroyed, killing all but six members of the "Cosmic Culture Club"—Elizabeth, Arthur, Roan, David, Simone and Anna, and leaving them stranded on an inhospitable planet that has suddenly become a battlefield. As the battle ends, the lone SPT standing lands next to the terrified group and opens up revealing a pilot, who simply announces to them, "Earth is at stake." -- 5,051 6.95
Baby Steps 2nd Season -- -- Studio Pierrot -- 25 eps -- Manga -- Sports Romance School Shounen -- Baby Steps 2nd Season Baby Steps 2nd Season -- After having decided to play tennis at the professional level, Eiichirou Maruo now needs to convince his parents to support his decision. To do so, he makes a wager: if he cannot win the All-Japan Junior Tennis Tournament, he will give up on his dream. However, he will need to improve his skills quickly if he wants to qualify for the tournament and have any chance of defeating the best players in the country. For this reason, his new coach Ryuuhei Aoi suggests that Eiichirou travel abroad to train at the Florida Tennis Academy. -- -- Baby Steps 2nd Season takes the action to America as Eiichirou begins his two-week training program, getting a taste of what tennis is like outside of Japan. With this exciting experience awaiting him, Eiichirou hopes that his training will get him closer to his goal of becoming a professional player. -- -- 77,606 8.05
Battle Programmer Shirase -- -- AIC -- 15 eps -- Original -- Comedy Ecchi Sci-Fi -- Battle Programmer Shirase Battle Programmer Shirase -- Battle Programmer Shirase, also known as BPS, is a free programmer with super hacking abilities who doesn't work for money. What he does work for is certainly something that only people like him would appreciate. But, his demeanor certainly doesn't suit the jobs he is hired for. With the evil King of America causing trouble via the internet, Shirase is nothing but busy as each new adventure brings even more interesting people into the picture. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Maiden Japan -- TV - Oct 4, 2003 -- 30,537 6.93
Blame! Movie -- -- Polygon Pictures -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Psychological Drama Mecha Seinen -- Blame! Movie Blame! Movie -- A young girl named Zuru sets out on an expedition through a post-apocalyptic city controlled by machines in a desperate hunt for food. Things go awry when her team accidently triggers the city's AI defense program called the Safeguard. Attacked by the machines, her companions are on the verge of being annihilated when a mysterious man named Killy arrives and exterminates the hostile units. -- -- Despite his heroic intervention, Zuru is hesitant to trust Killy and questions his motives. He reveals to have come from thousands of levels below the city in order to find humans possessing the Net Terminal Genes—a trait that would allow humans to regain control of their civilization and shut down the Safeguard. After hearing his story, Zuru and the rest of her team join Killy and embark on a journey in search of the Genes that could prove to be mankind's last hope of survival. -- -- -- Licensor: -- VIZ Media -- Movie - May 20, 2017 -- 83,997 7.11
Blame! Movie -- -- Polygon Pictures -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Psychological Drama Mecha Seinen -- Blame! Movie Blame! Movie -- A young girl named Zuru sets out on an expedition through a post-apocalyptic city controlled by machines in a desperate hunt for food. Things go awry when her team accidently triggers the city's AI defense program called the Safeguard. Attacked by the machines, her companions are on the verge of being annihilated when a mysterious man named Killy arrives and exterminates the hostile units. -- -- Despite his heroic intervention, Zuru is hesitant to trust Killy and questions his motives. He reveals to have come from thousands of levels below the city in order to find humans possessing the Net Terminal Genes—a trait that would allow humans to regain control of their civilization and shut down the Safeguard. After hearing his story, Zuru and the rest of her team join Killy and embark on a journey in search of the Genes that could prove to be mankind's last hope of survival. -- -- Movie - May 20, 2017 -- 83,997 7.11
Boku no Hero Academia -- -- Bones -- 13 eps -- Manga -- Action Comedy School Shounen Super Power -- Boku no Hero Academia Boku no Hero Academia -- The appearance of "quirks," newly discovered super powers, has been steadily increasing over the years, with 80 percent of humanity possessing various abilities from manipulation of elements to shapeshifting. This leaves the remainder of the world completely powerless, and Izuku Midoriya is one such individual. -- -- Since he was a child, the ambitious middle schooler has wanted nothing more than to be a hero. Izuku's unfair fate leaves him admiring heroes and taking notes on them whenever he can. But it seems that his persistence has borne some fruit: Izuku meets the number one hero and his personal idol, All Might. All Might's quirk is a unique ability that can be inherited, and he has chosen Izuku to be his successor! -- -- Enduring many months of grueling training, Izuku enrolls in UA High, a prestigious high school famous for its excellent hero training program, and this year's freshmen look especially promising. With his bizarre but talented classmates and the looming threat of a villainous organization, Izuku will soon learn what it really means to be a hero. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- 2,093,393 8.06
Boku no Hero Academia the Movie 2: Heroes:Rising -- -- Bones -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Super Power Shounen -- Boku no Hero Academia the Movie 2: Heroes:Rising Boku no Hero Academia the Movie 2: Heroes:Rising -- Izuku "Deku'' Midoriya and his fellow students in Class 1-A of UA High's hero course have been chosen to participate in a safety program on Nabu Island. To further improve their skills and gain experience in more ordinary heroics, the students aid the kind citizens with small services and everyday chores. With the low crime rate in the quiet community, all seems well and good, but the rise of a new villain threatens to put the students' courage to the test and challenge their capabilities as heroes. -- -- A merciless villain by the name of Nine is in search of a certain "quirk" needed to fulfill his diabolical plan—creating a society where only those with the strongest quirks reign supreme. As his attack on Nabu Island endangers the lives of the residents, securing the citizens becomes the first priority for Class 1-A; defeating Nine along with his wicked accomplices is also imperative. A straightforward strategy is formulated until a young boy named Katsuma Shimano, whom Deku had befriended, suddenly requires particular protection. Concerned for the boy's wellbeing, Deku and his classmates must now devise a plan to ensure Katsuma's safety at all costs. -- -- With Nine wreaking havoc to find the catalyst for his ill-intended schemes and the heroes desperate to defend Katsuma from harm, will Deku and his friends be able to come out victorious, or will they find themselves unable to escape a hopeless situation? -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- Movie - Dec 20, 2019 -- 311,218 8.07
Boku no Hero Academia the Movie 2: Heroes:Rising -- -- Bones -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Super Power Shounen -- Boku no Hero Academia the Movie 2: Heroes:Rising Boku no Hero Academia the Movie 2: Heroes:Rising -- Izuku "Deku'' Midoriya and his fellow students in Class 1-A of UA High's hero course have been chosen to participate in a safety program on Nabu Island. To further improve their skills and gain experience in more ordinary heroics, the students aid the kind citizens with small services and everyday chores. With the low crime rate in the quiet community, all seems well and good, but the rise of a new villain threatens to put the students' courage to the test and challenge their capabilities as heroes. -- -- A merciless villain by the name of Nine is in search of a certain "quirk" needed to fulfill his diabolical plan—creating a society where only those with the strongest quirks reign supreme. As his attack on Nabu Island endangers the lives of the residents, securing the citizens becomes the first priority for Class 1-A; defeating Nine along with his wicked accomplices is also imperative. A straightforward strategy is formulated until a young boy named Katsuma Shimano, whom Deku had befriended, suddenly requires particular protection. Concerned for the boy's wellbeing, Deku and his classmates must now devise a plan to ensure Katsuma's safety at all costs. -- -- With Nine wreaking havoc to find the catalyst for his ill-intended schemes and the heroes desperate to defend Katsuma from harm, will Deku and his friends be able to come out victorious, or will they find themselves unable to escape a hopeless situation? -- -- Movie - Dec 20, 2019 -- 311,218 8.07
Byulbyul Iyagi -- -- - -- 6 eps -- - -- Psychological Drama -- Byulbyul Iyagi Byulbyul Iyagi -- Six animated shorts about discrimination and being different. -- -- 1. "Daydream" talks about dealing with people with disability. It homes in on the daily life of a father with a daughter whose hands and feet are deformed. -- -- 2. "Animal Farm" relies on the rough-and-ready feel of stop-motion clay animation to create a satire of bullying and mob dynamics. -- -- 3. "At Her House" paints a devastating picture of gender inequality within a marriage. -- -- 4. "Flesh and Bone" gently pillories superficiality and the obsession with outward appearance. -- -- 5. "Bicycle Trip" focuses on the discrimination experienced by foreign workers in Korea. -- -- 6. "Be a Human Being" looks at the way young Koreans are barely treated as human beings before they get to university. -- -- (Source: ANIWEBLOG, ASIANDB, Jeonju) -- Movie - Sep 23, 2005 -- 402 N/A -- -- Paradise -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Adventure Psychological Space -- Paradise Paradise -- "A highly energetic story told from outer space, battlefields, and dentist offices, over and around time and space." -- -- (Source: Image Forum Festival 2014 program) -- Movie - ??? ??, 2013 -- 381 N/A -- -- Ninja & Soldier -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Psychological -- Ninja & Soldier Ninja & Soldier -- Two eight-year-old boys compete in a game of childish bravado. Ken is a Ninja, Nito a child soldier from the Congo who was forced to kill his own mother. Their naïve game addresses cruel realities, and they talk about their differences and what they have in common. Accompanied by contrasting graphics, the film explores the types of acts of which humankind is capable. -- -- (Source: Berlinale) -- Movie - ??? ??, 2012 -- 374 5.90
Classroom☆Crisis -- -- Lay-duce -- 13 eps -- Original -- Drama Romance School Sci-Fi -- Classroom☆Crisis Classroom☆Crisis -- In Martian colony Fourth Tokyo lies a classroom of Kirishina Corporation's brightest minds spearheading aerospace development: A-TEC, led by genius engineer Kaito Sera, eagerly anticipating the arrival of their newest member. It soon becomes clear, however, that the transfer student is hardly ordinary—Nagisa Kiryuu, newly appointed chief of A-TEC and the younger brother of the corporation's CEO, is sent to shut the program down. To keep the classroom alive, Kaito and his students desperately work to develop a successor to their most powerful rocket, the X-2; meanwhile, Nagisa climbs the corporate ladder in pursuit of his own mission. In spite of this, their separate battles soon reveal that much more is going on in Kirishina Corporation than meets the eye. -- -- Classroom☆Crisis follows Kaito and Nagisa, as well as Kaito's younger sister Mizuki and A-TEC's test pilot Iris Shirasaki, in a story of intrigue, political warfare, and, against all odds, romance. As Nagisa and A-TEC are dragged further and further into Kirishina Corporation's conspiracies, friendships grow and pasts are unveiled as they fight to avert their classroom crisis. -- -- 104,511 7.02
Classroom☆Crisis -- -- Lay-duce -- 13 eps -- Original -- Drama Romance School Sci-Fi -- Classroom☆Crisis Classroom☆Crisis -- In Martian colony Fourth Tokyo lies a classroom of Kirishina Corporation's brightest minds spearheading aerospace development: A-TEC, led by genius engineer Kaito Sera, eagerly anticipating the arrival of their newest member. It soon becomes clear, however, that the transfer student is hardly ordinary—Nagisa Kiryuu, newly appointed chief of A-TEC and the younger brother of the corporation's CEO, is sent to shut the program down. To keep the classroom alive, Kaito and his students desperately work to develop a successor to their most powerful rocket, the X-2; meanwhile, Nagisa climbs the corporate ladder in pursuit of his own mission. In spite of this, their separate battles soon reveal that much more is going on in Kirishina Corporation than meets the eye. -- -- Classroom☆Crisis follows Kaito and Nagisa, as well as Kaito's younger sister Mizuki and A-TEC's test pilot Iris Shirasaki, in a story of intrigue, political warfare, and, against all odds, romance. As Nagisa and A-TEC are dragged further and further into Kirishina Corporation's conspiracies, friendships grow and pasts are unveiled as they fight to avert their classroom crisis. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Aniplex of America -- 104,511 7.02
Corrector Yui -- -- Nippon Animation -- 52 eps -- Original -- Sci-Fi Adventure Comedy Magic -- Corrector Yui Corrector Yui -- Yui is an average schoolgirl who lives in a future where all computers are supported by a single global network known as COMNET. Yui is a computer-illiterate girl who after a computer-lab accident is approached by IR, a raccoon looking corrector computer program, which tells her she must save COMNET. She must stop the rogue A.I. (Artificial Intelligence) computer program known as Grosser and his hench-programs from taking over the world. Grosser was originally designed to be that manager of all of COMNET. At first she's very reluctant to play the heroine because of her complete lack of knowledge and ability with computers. To save COMNET she must find and gain the trust of the other seven wayward corrector programs. They must also find the creator or COMNET Professor Inukai, to help stop Grosser for good. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- VIZ Media -- 12,488 6.82
DearS -- -- Daume -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Sci-Fi Harem Comedy Romance Ecchi Shounen -- DearS DearS -- One year ago, a UFO containing 150 aliens crash-landed off the shores of Kasai. Because no one could fix their ship, the Japanese Government decided to bestow upon them the designation "DearS" and make them into Japanese citizens, teaching them the language, customs, and culture of Japan. However, in order for them to become more familiar with human society, a home-stay program has been enacted to allow them to mingle with other humans. -- -- One misty morning, a truck carrying a capsule that housed one of these aliens ends up dropping it into the riverbank, releasing her from her confinement. She is eventually found by a high school student named Takeya Ikuhara, who saves her from being hit by a truck and takes pity on her, despite being extremely distrustful of their race and wanting nothing to do with them. Upon being named Ren, she imprints upon him as her "Master" and serves as his personal "Slave," leaving him with a "DearS" who wants to remain with him no matter what and bringing his ordinary, alien-free days to an end. -- 130,613 6.61
DearS -- -- Daume -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Sci-Fi Harem Comedy Romance Ecchi Shounen -- DearS DearS -- One year ago, a UFO containing 150 aliens crash-landed off the shores of Kasai. Because no one could fix their ship, the Japanese Government decided to bestow upon them the designation "DearS" and make them into Japanese citizens, teaching them the language, customs, and culture of Japan. However, in order for them to become more familiar with human society, a home-stay program has been enacted to allow them to mingle with other humans. -- -- One misty morning, a truck carrying a capsule that housed one of these aliens ends up dropping it into the riverbank, releasing her from her confinement. She is eventually found by a high school student named Takeya Ikuhara, who saves her from being hit by a truck and takes pity on her, despite being extremely distrustful of their race and wanting nothing to do with them. Upon being named Ren, she imprints upon him as her "Master" and serves as his personal "Slave," leaving him with a "DearS" who wants to remain with him no matter what and bringing his ordinary, alien-free days to an end. -- -- Licensor: -- Discotek Media, Geneon Entertainment USA -- 130,613 6.61
Death March kara Hajimaru Isekai Kyousoukyoku -- -- Connect, SILVER LINK. -- 12 eps -- Light novel -- Adventure Fantasy Harem -- Death March kara Hajimaru Isekai Kyousoukyoku Death March kara Hajimaru Isekai Kyousoukyoku -- Ichirou Suzuki, a programmer nearing his thirties, is drowning in work. Worn out, he eventually has a chance to catch up on sleep, only to wake up and discover himself in a fantasy RPG world, which is mashed together from the games he was debugging in reality. In this new place, he realizes that not only has his appearance changed to a younger version of himself, but his name has also changed to Satou, a nickname he used while running beta tests on games. -- -- However, before Satou can fully grasp his situation, an army of lizardmen launch an assault on him. Forced to cast a powerful spell in retaliation, Satou wipes them out completely and his level is boosted to 310, effectively maximizing his stats. Now, as a high-leveled adventurer armed with a plethora of skills and no way to return to reality, Satou sets out to explore this magical new world. -- -- 350,234 6.51
Digimon X-Evolution -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Adventure Fantasy Sci-Fi -- Digimon X-Evolution Digimon X-Evolution -- A virtual world was created by the present-day network called the "Digital World." The "Digital Monster," which is a digital life object, was born, and the host computer Yggdrasil managed the different Digital World areas. However, it developed the X Program of fear to eliminate all Digimon in the old world and develop a new Digital World for only certain Digimon... Now, the greatest crisis ever approaches the Digital World. -- -- The X-Digimon, a new type of Digital Monster, is hunted by the Royal Knights who protect the Digital Worlds. Their master, the network overseer Yggdrasil, seeks to set in motion Project Ark to renew the Digital Worlds and create new Digimon, but at the cost of all other digital life. This new X-Digimon will seek out the answers to its own existence as it tries to protect the life of all Digimon, and in the process it will change the Digital Worlds forever. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- Movie - Jan 3, 2005 -- 18,291 7.10
Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei -- -- animate Film -- 1 ep -- Light novel -- Adventure Mystery Horror Demons Psychological Supernatural Drama Fantasy School -- Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei -- Akemi Nakajima, is a high school student with a genius talent for computer programming. -- One day, Yumiko Shirasagi is transferred to the same class as him. She feels she knows Nakajima from somewhere, but doesn't try to deal with it. After school, Nakajima and a couple of classmates held a ceremony to summon the devil. Nakajima summons the devil Loki on the computer display while presenting a female offering. What will happen to Yumiko, who witnessed the scene? -- -- (Source: Official site, edited) -- OVA - Mar 25, 1987 -- 5,914 5.20
Durarara!! Specials -- -- Brain's Base -- 2 eps -- Light novel -- Action Comedy Supernatural -- Durarara!! Specials Durarara!! Specials -- Celty Sturluson is tasked to deliver a suspicious red handbag as part of her courier duties—the problem is: it is being sought by several organizations. As she makes her way through Ikebukuro toward the place the bag is supposed to be brought to, she is chased by mysterious men speaking a foreign language, and her package ends up dragging many of the city's residents into the conflict. -- -- Subsequently, famous actor Yuuhei Hanejima has just arrived in Ikebukuro as part of a special TV program, searching for the best couple to give them a chance to appear in one of his movies. However, Yuuhei Hanejima is actually a stage name for Kasuka Heiwajima, Shizuo's younger brother, and when an anonymous internet user threatens to kill the superstar, this user learns the weight of what that relationship means. Moreover, Shizuo discovers that the one responsible for the attempted attack is the meddlesome pest that he loathes with a burning passion. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Aniplex of America -- Special - Aug 25, 2010 -- 151,205 7.89
Durarara!! Specials -- -- Brain's Base -- 2 eps -- Light novel -- Action Comedy Supernatural -- Durarara!! Specials Durarara!! Specials -- Celty Sturluson is tasked to deliver a suspicious red handbag as part of her courier duties—the problem is: it is being sought by several organizations. As she makes her way through Ikebukuro toward the place the bag is supposed to be brought to, she is chased by mysterious men speaking a foreign language, and her package ends up dragging many of the city's residents into the conflict. -- -- Subsequently, famous actor Yuuhei Hanejima has just arrived in Ikebukuro as part of a special TV program, searching for the best couple to give them a chance to appear in one of his movies. However, Yuuhei Hanejima is actually a stage name for Kasuka Heiwajima, Shizuo's younger brother, and when an anonymous internet user threatens to kill the superstar, this user learns the weight of what that relationship means. Moreover, Shizuo discovers that the one responsible for the attempted attack is the meddlesome pest that he loathes with a burning passion. -- -- Special - Aug 25, 2010 -- 151,205 7.89
eX-Driver -- -- Actas, Production Reed -- 6 eps -- Original -- Action Adventure Cars Comedy Sci-Fi Shounen -- eX-Driver eX-Driver -- Ex-Driver is set in the future, when all transportation is easily controlled by AI. Though like all machines they tend to break down or lose control or re-programmed. This is where three high schoolers with non AI cars, Subaru WRX, Super 7, Lotus comes in to save the day and make sure the public is safe at all times. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Media Blasters -- OVA - Jul 25, 2000 -- 8,923 6.71
Fate/Grand Carnival -- -- Lerche -- 4 eps -- Game -- Comedy Supernatural Magic Fantasy -- Fate/Grand Carnival Fate/Grand Carnival -- The first episode of "season" one was pre-aired on the Fate Project New Year's Eve TV Special 2020 program. -- OVA - Dec 31, 2020 -- 20,203 8.12
Final Approach -- -- Zexcs -- 13 eps -- Visual novel -- Comedy Drama Romance Slice of Life -- Final Approach Final Approach -- Ever since their parents died a few years ago, Ryo and his sister Akane have been living alone together. Despite their difficult situation, they are still living reasonably happy and normal lives. However, everything is about to be flipped upside-down due to a secret government project. Due to increasingly low birth rates in Japan, the Japanese government is testing a program in which two young people are forced to marry. Ryo wants no part of it, but he is given little choice in the matter; his new fiancée, Shizuka, comes to his home late one night with several dozen government issued bodyguards, who are there to ensure the success of the new couple. Unlike Ryo, Shizuka couldn’t be more willing to go along with this new program, and eagerly goes about her wifely duties, despite his objections. With meddling friends, pushy bodyguards, and an overenthusiastic new fiancée, Ryo’s life has taken a turn in a direction the young man certainly didn’t expect. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- TV - Oct 3, 2004 -- 32,102 6.55
Furusato Saisei: Nippon no Mukashibanashi -- -- Tomason -- 258 eps -- Other -- Historical Kids Supernatural -- Furusato Saisei: Nippon no Mukashibanashi Furusato Saisei: Nippon no Mukashibanashi -- Like in any culture, Japanese kids grow up listening to the stories repeatedly told by their parents and grandparents. The boy born from a peach; the princess from the moon who is discovered inside a bamboo; the old man who can make a dead cherry tree blossom, etc. These short stories that teach kids to see both the dark and bright sides of life have passed traditional moral values from generation to generation. -- -- Each half-hour episode of Folktales from Japan consists of three self-contained stories, well-known and unknown, with a special focus on heartwarming stories that originate from Tohoku, the northern region heavily touched by the earthquake of 2011. May this program help cheer up earthquake victims and cast a light of hope for them? -- -- (Source: Crunchyroll) -- 9,749 6.98
Fuyu no Sonata -- -- KeyEast, REALTHING, Studio Comet -- 26 eps -- Other -- Drama Romance -- Fuyu no Sonata Fuyu no Sonata -- Based on the Korean Drama of the same name, Yoo Jin falls in love with Joon Sang as a young girl. After losing him in an accident, she decides to marry her childhood friend. However, Yoo Jin meets someone looking exactly like her lost love, putting her in a bind. The program featured 23 members of the original Korean cast voicing the characters and was broadcast with Japanese subtitles. -- TV - Oct 17, 2009 -- 20,943 7.40
Galerians: Rion -- -- - -- 3 eps -- - -- Adventure Drama Horror Military Mystery Psychological Sci-Fi Shounen Supernatural -- Galerians: Rion Galerians: Rion -- Six years have passed since Rion discovered his own identity as an artificial being, yet succeeded in destroying the genocidal Mother Computer, Dorothy, before perishing himself. Now reactivated by Lilia, Rion awakens to find that Dorothy managed to execute one final catastrophic program, rendering a new evil crew to finish her goal of human annihilation. It is a fully 3D CGI animated OVA based on the hit PlayStation game, called Galerians, released in August, 1999. -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- OVA - Apr 24, 2002 -- 2,852 5.48
Gekijou Tanpen Macross Frontier: Toki no Meikyuu -- -- Satelight -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Military Sci-Fi Music Space Romance Mecha -- Gekijou Tanpen Macross Frontier: Toki no Meikyuu Gekijou Tanpen Macross Frontier: Toki no Meikyuu -- Short screened with Macross Δ Movie 2: Zettai Live!!!. -- Movie - ??? ??, 2021 -- 728 N/A -- -- Aoki Uru: Overture -- -- Gainax -- 1 ep -- - -- Military Sci-Fi -- Aoki Uru: Overture Aoki Uru: Overture -- A short special created by a newly launched Uru in Blue LLP (Limited Liability Partnership) in Singapore that was pre-streamed in 2015. Aoki Uru: Overture is a lead up/preview to the full film. -- Special - ??? ??, 2015 -- 712 N/A -- -- Gasshin Sentai Mechander Robo -- -- - -- 35 eps -- - -- Space Mecha Military Mystery Sci-Fi -- Gasshin Sentai Mechander Robo Gasshin Sentai Mechander Robo -- The Doron Empire from the Ganymede System discovered Earth as an ideal world for them to conquer. The interest of expanding the empire came as a result of the power-hungry General Ozmel who overthrew the current reigning Queen Medusa of the Ganymede System as a start of their universal conquest. -- -- Almost completely succumbed to the empire, Earth is at its last days, and one scientist, Dr. Shikishima, had only one hope in restoring Earth from its alien conquerors--- a massive mecha known as the Mechander Robo, specially programmed and designed to battle these invading aliens from complete takeover of Earth. Along with this awesome fighter machine, Dr. Shikishima also recruited three pilots to be placed behind the Mechander Robo's controls--- the mysterious Jimmy Orion, the scientist's son Ryosuke Shikishima, and Kojiro Hachijima. -- -- Although the primary storyline is Earth battling the Doron Empire, there is something within lead pliot Jimmy Orion's past that was somewhat connected towards the entire storyline. -- TV - Mar 3, 1977 -- 699 5.83
Ginban Kaleidoscope -- -- Karaku -- 12 eps -- Light novel -- Sports Supernatural Drama Romance -- Ginban Kaleidoscope Ginban Kaleidoscope -- Figure skater Tazusa Sakurano is on the fast track to the Olympics. As a top contender, her chances rest on a single competition in Canada. However, during her program, she falls and hits her head on the ice, knocking her unconscious. At the same time, Canadian stunt pilot Pete Pumps goes down in a fiery blaze. -- -- After her devastating failure, Tazusa returns home to Japan, but she starts hearing a voice in her head. In reality, when Pete had arrived at the gates of heaven, he was denied access for his sins. Instead, he was told to wait 100 days and is now trapped in Tazusa's body! Unwilling to let this interrupt her life—even if her body is a bit crowded—Tazusa moves forward with skating, all while a pesky voice may just be able to help her achieve her dream. -- -- 43,570 7.33
Girls & Panzer -- -- Actas -- 12 eps -- Original -- Action Sports Military School -- Girls & Panzer Girls & Panzer -- "Senshadou" is a traditional sport using World War II era tanks in elimination-based matches. Widely practiced by women and girls alike, it's advertised as a form of art geared towards making ladies more prominent in culture and appealing to men. Becoming a worldwide phenomenon over time, the influence of senshadou leads to the creation of a world championship which will soon be held in Japan. -- -- Miho Nishizumi, who comes from a lineage of well-respected senshadou specialists, is at odds with the sport after a traumatic event led to her retirement and eventually a rift to form between her and her family. To steer clear of the practice as much as possible, she transfers to Ooarai Girls High School where the senshadou program has been abolished. However, with the news of the upcoming championships, the school revives their tankery program, and Miho is pushed into joining. -- -- Now, with the aid of some new friends, she must overcome her past and once again take command of a squadron of tanks in an effort to save her school from closure, all while proving to her family that the Nishizumi-style of senshadou is not solely about victory. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- 233,999 7.54
Hidan no Aria AA -- -- Doga Kobo -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Action School Shoujo Ai -- Hidan no Aria AA Hidan no Aria AA -- Akari Mamiya, a first-year student from Tokyo Butei High, idolizes the S-rank Butei Aria Holmes Kanzaki and wishes to follow in her footsteps. Despite only being an inept E-rank Butei, Akari's resolve to improve remains strong. After the idea of having an Amica contract (a senior-student mentorship program) with Aria is brought up, Akari submits a request form attempting to establish said contract. Her classmates and friends do not expect Aria to accept Akari's request, mainly because of the girl's strict selection process, but to everyone's surprise, Aria gives Akari a chance through a test, which Akari miraculously passes! However, Aria will not officially make Akari her Amica until Akari meets her standards. -- -- Training under Aria will be no easy feat, as she has to concurrently manage her relationships with her friends. Will Akari have what it takes to walk down the same path as her idol? -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- 83,790 6.23
IS: Infinite Stratos 2 - World Purge-hen -- -- 8bit -- 1 ep -- Light novel -- Action Sci-Fi Harem Comedy Ecchi Mecha -- IS: Infinite Stratos 2 - World Purge-hen IS: Infinite Stratos 2 - World Purge-hen -- A program called "World Purge" sends illusions to all the girls about their ideal fantasies. -- -- (Source: AICW) -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- OVA - Nov 26, 2014 -- 65,596 6.92
Jashin-chan Dropkick': Chitose-hen -- -- Nomad -- 1 ep -- Web manga -- Comedy Supernatural -- Jashin-chan Dropkick': Chitose-hen Jashin-chan Dropkick': Chitose-hen -- The episode will be funded through Chitose's Hometown tax program, a system that allows taxpayers who live in urban areas to contribute to taxes that apply to rural residents. Taxpayers who contribute over 2,000 yen are then awarded in credit to reduce their income tax and residence tax. The Hometown tax program will also be the episode's focus. -- -- (Source: MAL News) -- Special - Apr 30, 2020 -- 7,098 7.10
Kamakura -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Original -- Music Dementia -- Kamakura Kamakura -- "A snow-covered house is situated in the middle of a rice field. -- What should one do, in a space of white and quietude? -- By spring, the snowy hut melts and loses its appearance. -- The Japanese MA, the in-between state of time and space – -- an animation, a haiku" -- -- (Source: Berlinale 2014 programme) -- Movie - ??? ??, 2013 -- 339 5.50
Kanojo no Dokushinshatachi ni Yotte Hadaka ni Sareta Seifuku no Shojo Kenkyuu -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Original -- Dementia Music -- Kanojo no Dokushinshatachi ni Yotte Hadaka ni Sareta Seifuku no Shojo Kenkyuu Kanojo no Dokushinshatachi ni Yotte Hadaka ni Sareta Seifuku no Shojo Kenkyuu -- An erotic animation made for the late-night television program 11PM with a reference to Marcel Duchamp’s work of the same title. -- -- (Source: Collaborative Cataloging Japan) -- Movie - ??? ??, 1972 -- 746 4.39
Kidou Keisatsu Patlabor the Movie -- -- Production I.G, Studio Deen -- 1 ep -- Original -- Drama Mecha Military Police -- Kidou Keisatsu Patlabor the Movie Kidou Keisatsu Patlabor the Movie -- The Babylon Project is a massive renovation of Tokyo's neighborhoods, including the creation of artificial islands in the Bay. Utilizing "Labors," or robots created for the express purpose of doing work, architects and construction crews are able to more efficiently progress development of the overhaul. When a key figure in the Project's conception is found dead after committing suicide under mysterious circumstances, Captain Kiichi Gotou's Patlabor police unit is tasked with getting to the bottom of the bizarre situation. -- -- As several Labors begin to go haywire and a hacked AI program endangers the people of Tokyo, young pilot Noa Izumi and her Patlabor Alphonse work under Gotou's orders to save the city and the entire nation from a massive biblical conspiracy. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Bandai Visual USA, Maiden Japan, Manga Entertainment -- Movie - Jul 15, 1989 -- 33,720 7.55
Kobayashi-san Chi no Maid Dragon -- -- Kyoto Animation -- 13 eps -- Manga -- Slice of Life Comedy Fantasy -- Kobayashi-san Chi no Maid Dragon Kobayashi-san Chi no Maid Dragon -- As Kobayashi sets off for another day at work, she opens her apartment door only to be met by an unusually frightening sight—the head of a dragon, staring at her from across the balcony. The dragon immediately transforms into a cute, busty, and energetic young girl dressed in a maid outfit, introducing herself as Tooru. -- -- It turns out that the stoic programmer had come across the dragon the previous night on a drunken excursion to the mountains, and since the mythical beast had nowhere else to go, she had offered the creature a place to stay in her home. Thus, Tooru had arrived to cash in on the offer, ready to repay her savior's kindness by working as her personal maidservant. Though deeply regretful of her words and hesitant to follow through on her promise, a mix of guilt and Tooru's incredible dragon abilities convinces Kobayashi to take the girl in. -- -- Despite being extremely efficient at her job, the maid's unorthodox methods of housekeeping often end up horrifying Kobayashi and at times bring more trouble than help. Furthermore, the circumstances behind the dragon's arrival on Earth seem to be much more complicated than at first glance, as Tooru bears some heavy emotions and painful memories. To top it all off, Tooru's presence ends up attracting several other mythical beings to her new home, bringing in a host of eccentric personalities. Although Kobayashi makes her best effort to handle the crazy situation that she has found herself in, nothing has prepared her for this new life with a dragon maid. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- 826,046 8.01
Macross F -- -- Satelight -- 25 eps -- Original -- Action Space Mecha Romance Military Music Sci-Fi -- Macross F Macross F -- Following a catastrophic war against a race of giants known as the Zentradi, humanity has escaped towards the center of the galaxy aboard a fleet of colonial vessels called the Macross Frontier. As the extraterrestrial threat is left further and further behind, life on Macross Frontier proceeds as usual. -- -- In the year 2059, a young mecha pilot trainee named Alto Saotome and his colleagues are preparing to perform an accompanying routine for the famous singer Sheryl Nome, who has come to Macross Frontier for a concert. During the performance, a biomechanical alien species known as the Vajra make a sudden appearance, breaking through the defensive perimeter surrounding the vessel and crash-landing near the concert venue, plunging the entire city into chaos. As the concertgoers evacuate, a young girl named Ranka Lee is left behind and gets targeted by the Vajra, but she is saved at the last minute by Alto. Following these events, the Strategic Military Services program notes Alto's skill in battle, resulting in his recruitment to combat the new alien threat. -- -- 130,892 7.91
Maesetsu! -- -- AXsiZ, Studio Gokumi -- 12 eps -- Original -- Slice of Life Comedy -- Maesetsu! Maesetsu! -- The anime centers on four girls at the full bloom of their youth, working hard to achieve their dreams as they struggle valiantly. In Japanese entertainment, Maesetsu! refers to an introductory talk or explanation addressed to the audience before the broadcast of television programs, usually performed by assistant directors and particularly comedians in variety or comedy shows. -- -- (Source: MAL News) -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- 8,993 5.77
Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Raihousha-hen -- -- 8bit -- 13 eps -- Light novel -- Action Sci-Fi Supernatural Magic Romance School -- Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Raihousha-hen Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Raihousha-hen -- Following the events of "Scorched Halloween," the world is introduced to a terrifyingly powerful Strategic class magician. In an effort to uncover the identity of this person, the United States of the North American Continent (USNA) dispatches the most powerful asset in its arsenal to Japan on a covert mission—the elite magician unit "Stars" and its commander, Angie Sirius. -- -- At First High School, Tatsuya Shiba and his friends are having a farewell party for Shizuku Kitayama, who is leaving to study abroad in the USNA as part of an exchange program. In her place, the group welcomes the beautiful Angelina "Lina" Kudou Shields. Around the same time, Tatsuya is informed about the USNA's plan to uncover his true identity. -- -- Elsewhere in Tokyo, numerous reports arise of seemingly random bodies found drained of blood. Dubbed as the works of a vampire, it does not take long for Tatsuya to connect the dots and realize that it is almost impossible for the timing of these events to be mere coincidences. -- -- 219,123 7.28
Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Raihousha-hen -- -- 8bit -- 13 eps -- Light novel -- Action Sci-Fi Supernatural Magic Romance School -- Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Raihousha-hen Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Raihousha-hen -- Following the events of "Scorched Halloween," the world is introduced to a terrifyingly powerful Strategic class magician. In an effort to uncover the identity of this person, the United States of the North American Continent (USNA) dispatches the most powerful asset in its arsenal to Japan on a covert mission—the elite magician unit "Stars" and its commander, Angie Sirius. -- -- At First High School, Tatsuya Shiba and his friends are having a farewell party for Shizuku Kitayama, who is leaving to study abroad in the USNA as part of an exchange program. In her place, the group welcomes the beautiful Angelina "Lina" Kudou Shields. Around the same time, Tatsuya is informed about the USNA's plan to uncover his true identity. -- -- Elsewhere in Tokyo, numerous reports arise of seemingly random bodies found drained of blood. Dubbed as the works of a vampire, it does not take long for Tatsuya to connect the dots and realize that it is almost impossible for the timing of these events to be mere coincidences. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Aniplex of America -- 219,123 7.28
Megazone 23 -- -- AIC, Artland, Artmic -- 4 eps -- Original -- Action Sci-Fi Music Mystery Romance Mecha -- Megazone 23 Megazone 23 -- Shougo Yahagi is a young motorcycle enthusiast living in a world of hot bikes, hard rock, and J-pop idols. The general populace go about their lives in peace, under the watchful eyes of a computer program in the guise of pop idol sensation Eve, unbeknownst to them. Shougo himself is mostly concerned with riding his motorcycle and picking up beautiful women like Yui Takanaka, who aspires to be a dancer. -- -- Shougo's life suddenly changes when his friend, Shinji Nakagawa, shows him a top-secret project: the "Garland," an advanced motorcycle that can transform into a robot. Ambushed by the military, Shougo hijacks the Garland and escapes into the city. Evading the military with the help of Yui and her friends, he gradually discovers that their idyllic society is only an illusion. -- -- -- Licensor: -- ADV Films -- OVA - Mar 9, 1985 -- 14,801 6.80
Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse -- -- ixtl, Satelight -- 24 eps -- Visual novel -- Action Military Sci-Fi Mecha -- Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse -- Since 1973, an invasion of aliens upon Earth known as BETA has driven human civilization to destruction. In order to defend themselves from this enormous mass of enemy force, mankind has developed large humanoid arms called Tactical Surface Fighters and deployed them to its defense lines through out the world. However, its efforts could only slow down the impending defeat, and mankind has been forced to abandon the major areas of the Eurasian Continent. For 30 years, they have been caught in an endless war against BETA without any hopes of victory. -- -- Now in 2001, Imperial Japan faces difficulties in the development of the next-generation of Tactical Surface Fighters (TSF) as it defends the front lines of the Far East. The UN has proposed a joint development program between Imperial Japan and the United States as a part of its TSF international mutual development unit, the Prominence Project. -- -- Yui Takamura (a surface pilot of the Imperial Royal Guards of Japan) is given the responsibility of the project and sets off to Alaska. Meanwhile, Yuya Bridges, also a surface pilot of the US Army, heads to the same destination. -- -- They never had any idea just how drastically their encounter would change their fates. -- -- This story of internal dilemma takes place during the development of the new Tactical Surface Fighters, the most crucial and effective weapons against BETA. And this time, the stakes are much higher than a handful of lives and our sanity. -- -- All we can do is fight. -- -- (Source: Muv-Luv Total Eclipse Official English Website, edited) -- 81,759 7.11
Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse -- -- ixtl, Satelight -- 24 eps -- Visual novel -- Action Military Sci-Fi Mecha -- Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse -- Since 1973, an invasion of aliens upon Earth known as BETA has driven human civilization to destruction. In order to defend themselves from this enormous mass of enemy force, mankind has developed large humanoid arms called Tactical Surface Fighters and deployed them to its defense lines through out the world. However, its efforts could only slow down the impending defeat, and mankind has been forced to abandon the major areas of the Eurasian Continent. For 30 years, they have been caught in an endless war against BETA without any hopes of victory. -- -- Now in 2001, Imperial Japan faces difficulties in the development of the next-generation of Tactical Surface Fighters (TSF) as it defends the front lines of the Far East. The UN has proposed a joint development program between Imperial Japan and the United States as a part of its TSF international mutual development unit, the Prominence Project. -- -- Yui Takamura (a surface pilot of the Imperial Royal Guards of Japan) is given the responsibility of the project and sets off to Alaska. Meanwhile, Yuya Bridges, also a surface pilot of the US Army, heads to the same destination. -- -- They never had any idea just how drastically their encounter would change their fates. -- -- This story of internal dilemma takes place during the development of the new Tactical Surface Fighters, the most crucial and effective weapons against BETA. And this time, the stakes are much higher than a handful of lives and our sanity. -- -- All we can do is fight. -- -- (Source: Muv-Luv Total Eclipse Official English Website, edited) -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- 81,759 7.11
New Game! -- -- Doga Kobo -- 12 eps -- 4-koma manga -- Game Slice of Life Comedy -- New Game! New Game! -- Since childhood, Aoba Suzukaze has loved the Fairies Story game series, particularly the character designs. So when she graduates from high school, it is no surprise that she applies to work at Eagle Jump, the company responsible for making her favorite video game. On her first day, she is excited to learn that she will be working on a new installment to the series: Fairies Story 3—and even more so under Kou Yagami, the lead character designer. -- -- In their department are people who share the same passion for games. There is Yun Iijima, whose specialty is designing monsters; the shy Hifumi Takimoto, who prefers to communicate through instant messaging; Hajime Shinoda, an animation team member with an impressive figurine collection; Rin Tooyama, the orderly art director; Shizuku Hazuki, the game director who brings her cat to work; and Umiko Ahagon, the short-tempered head programmer. -- -- New Game! follows Aoba and the others on their adventure through the ups and downs of game making, from making the perfect character design to fixing all the errors that will inevitably accumulate in the process. -- -- 346,352 7.60
New Game! -- -- Doga Kobo -- 12 eps -- 4-koma manga -- Game Slice of Life Comedy -- New Game! New Game! -- Since childhood, Aoba Suzukaze has loved the Fairies Story game series, particularly the character designs. So when she graduates from high school, it is no surprise that she applies to work at Eagle Jump, the company responsible for making her favorite video game. On her first day, she is excited to learn that she will be working on a new installment to the series: Fairies Story 3—and even more so under Kou Yagami, the lead character designer. -- -- In their department are people who share the same passion for games. There is Yun Iijima, whose specialty is designing monsters; the shy Hifumi Takimoto, who prefers to communicate through instant messaging; Hajime Shinoda, an animation team member with an impressive figurine collection; Rin Tooyama, the orderly art director; Shizuku Hazuki, the game director who brings her cat to work; and Umiko Ahagon, the short-tempered head programmer. -- -- New Game! follows Aoba and the others on their adventure through the ups and downs of game making, from making the perfect character design to fixing all the errors that will inevitably accumulate in the process. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Crunchyroll, Funimation -- 346,352 7.60
Oh Yoko! -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Original -- Romance Dementia Music -- Oh Yoko! Oh Yoko! -- Made to accompany the song ‘Oh! Yoko!’ by John Lennon, the hand-drawn animation playfully appropriates and imagines moments in the lives of the celebrity couple, John Lennon and Yoko Ono, in pop caricature versions, with occasional appearances from Elvis Presley and the Yellow Submarine. The animation was aired on the late-night television program 11PM. -- -- (Source: Collaborative Cataloging Japan) -- Music - ??? ??, 1973 -- 871 4.42
Onegai☆Twins -- -- Daume -- 12 eps -- Original -- Comedy Drama Harem School Sci-Fi -- Onegai☆Twins Onegai☆Twins -- Maiku Kamishiro's past has always been somewhat of a mystery to him. The only clue he has to who his family might be is an old photograph showing two young children, a boy and a girl, playing in a small pool outside of a blue house. In an attempt to find his family, he moves to this blue house and begins working as a programmer. He's living a comfortable life until the day two very different girls show up at his door, both in possession of the same photograph, and both claiming to be his twin. With no way to prove who is a relative and who is a stranger, Maiku allows both girls to move in with him until they know for sure. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Bandai Entertainment, Nozomi Entertainment -- TV - Jul 15, 2003 -- 78,787 6.87
Onegai☆Twins -- -- Daume -- 12 eps -- Original -- Comedy Drama Harem School Sci-Fi -- Onegai☆Twins Onegai☆Twins -- Maiku Kamishiro's past has always been somewhat of a mystery to him. The only clue he has to who his family might be is an old photograph showing two young children, a boy and a girl, playing in a small pool outside of a blue house. In an attempt to find his family, he moves to this blue house and begins working as a programmer. He's living a comfortable life until the day two very different girls show up at his door, both in possession of the same photograph, and both claiming to be his twin. With no way to prove who is a relative and who is a stranger, Maiku allows both girls to move in with him until they know for sure. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- TV - Jul 15, 2003 -- 78,787 6.87
Ouritsu Uchuugun: Honneamise no Tsubasa -- -- Gainax -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Drama Military Sci-Fi Space -- Ouritsu Uchuugun: Honneamise no Tsubasa Ouritsu Uchuugun: Honneamise no Tsubasa -- Shirotsugh "Shiro" Lhadatt may be a cadet in the Kingdom of Honneamise's Royal Space Force (RSF), but he has never been in space before—in fact, nobody has. The RSF is often regarded as a failure both by the country's citizens and a government more interested in precipitating a war with a neighboring country than scientific achievement. Following the funeral of a fellow cadet, an unmotivated Shiro is walking in the city one night, when he bumps into Riquinni Nonderaiko, a young, pious woman, genuinely enthusiastic about the significance of space exploration. -- -- As the two gradually bond, Riquinni's encouragement inspires Shiro to volunteer as a pilot for a prospective rocket ship, potentially becoming Honneamise's first man in space. Shiro and the RSF are soon joined by a team of elderly but eager scientists and engineers, and together, they embark on a mission to mold their nation's space program into a success. However, their efforts soon catch the attention of the government, which seems to have a different plan for the RSF in mind. Even as the odds are stacked against them, these men and women continue to stubbornly look to the sky, because somewhere among the frontiers of space may lie humanity's last chance at redemption. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Bandai Visual USA, Maiden Japan, Manga Entertainment -- Movie - Mar 14, 1987 -- 35,422 7.52
Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume -- -- David Production -- 5 eps -- Visual novel -- Sci-Fi Drama -- Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume -- It is thirty years after the failure of the Space Colonization Program. Humanity is nearly extinct. A perpetual and deadly Rain falls on the Earth. Men known as "Junkers" plunder goods and artifacts from the ruins of civilization. One such Junker sneaks alone into the most dangerous of all ruins—a "Sarcophagus City." In the center of this dead city, he discovers a pre-War planetarium. And as he enters he is greeted by Hoshino Yumemi, a companion robot. Without a single shred of doubt, she assumes he is the first customer she's had in 30 years. She attempts to show him the stars at once, but the planetarium projector is broken. Unable to make heads or tails of her conversation, he ends up agreeing to try and repair the projector... -- -- (Source: Steam) -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- ONA - Jul 7, 2016 -- 79,091 7.56
Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume -- -- David Production -- 5 eps -- Visual novel -- Sci-Fi Drama -- Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume -- It is thirty years after the failure of the Space Colonization Program. Humanity is nearly extinct. A perpetual and deadly Rain falls on the Earth. Men known as "Junkers" plunder goods and artifacts from the ruins of civilization. One such Junker sneaks alone into the most dangerous of all ruins—a "Sarcophagus City." In the center of this dead city, he discovers a pre-War planetarium. And as he enters he is greeted by Hoshino Yumemi, a companion robot. Without a single shred of doubt, she assumes he is the first customer she's had in 30 years. She attempts to show him the stars at once, but the planetarium projector is broken. Unable to make heads or tails of her conversation, he ends up agreeing to try and repair the projector... -- -- (Source: Steam) -- ONA - Jul 7, 2016 -- 79,091 7.56
Pulsar -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Dementia Music -- Pulsar Pulsar -- Clay (technically gypsum) animation set to a beat with robots, scifi motif, and alligators with human arms. It was broadcasted a year later (1991) by the Japanese TV program Miyake Yuuji no Ebizori Kyoshou Tengoku, "Ebiten" for short, which showed works of independent film makers. -- -- This has the prototype character, Pulta, which was used for Bowda Katsuhi's Robot Pulta anime when he was hired by the NHK. -- Movie - ??? ??, 1990 -- 356 5.40
Rail Wars! -- -- Passione -- 12 eps -- Light novel -- Action Harem Police Ecchi -- Rail Wars! Rail Wars! -- Rail Wars! takes place in an alternate universe where the Japanese government remains in control of the nation's railway systems. Because of the stability afforded by the leadership of the government, the railway system is allowed to flourish. -- -- Naoto Takayama aspires to become an employee for Japan National Railways because of the comfortable life that it will enable him to live. In order to accomplish this he enters its training program, where students must demonstrate their knowledge of trains as well as their ability to be ready for any challenge that might arise. -- -- During this time period he will encounter other students such as the athletically gifted Aoi Sakura, the constantly hungry Sho Iwaizumi, and the human encyclopedia Haruka Komi. Together they will work towards surviving their trainee period, all the while taking on purse snatchers, bomb threats, and the looming specter of the extremist “RJ” group who wants to privatize the railway system. -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- TV - Jul 4, 2014 -- 172,395 6.40
Rockman.EXE Movie: Hikari to Yami no Program -- -- Xebec -- 1 ep -- - -- Action Adventure Game Kids -- Rockman.EXE Movie: Hikari to Yami no Program Rockman.EXE Movie: Hikari to Yami no Program -- Deep in the dark recesses of the UnderNet, Forte sleeps as he drifts aimlessly. In this cybernetic graveyard, a pulsating power re-awakens Forte, alerting him to a dangerous being shortly ahead. A haunting face appears amidst a massive bright purple blob, laughing directly at Forte. Cursing him, Forte finds himself powerless as the blob takes form, and captures him within its grasp! -- Nearing the time of sunset, a peaceful city and its people go about their everyday business. Curious bystanders on a sidewalk glimpse a shimmering purple light, which suddenly expands into tall pillar that reaches up to the sky. Screams erupt from the people as the pillar of light takes flight, absorbing everything in its destructive path. A tower clock dings the hour of 4 o'clock as the pillar desintigrates, leaving behind a trail of cybernetic residue and utter emptyness. -- 'The Program of Light and Dark' -- -- (Source: Official Site) -- Movie - Mar 12, 2005 -- 3,827 7.21
Sakura-sou no Pet na Kanojo -- -- J.C.Staff -- 24 eps -- Light novel -- Slice of Life Comedy Drama Romance School -- Sakura-sou no Pet na Kanojo Sakura-sou no Pet na Kanojo -- When abandoned kittens and his good conscience force second year Sorata Kanda to move into Suimei High School’s infamous Sakura Hall, the satellite dorm and its eccentric, misfit residents turn his life upside down. The decidedly average Sorata finds it difficult to fit in with the bizarre collection of dorm residents like Misaki, an energetic animator; Jin, a playwright playboy; Ryuunosuke, a reclusive programmer; and Chihiro, the dorm manager, art teacher, and party girl. -- -- Sorata's friend Nanami, a second year student and aspiring voice actress, pushes him to find new owners for the many cats so that he can quickly move back into the regular dorms. However, his desire to escape Sakura Hall wavers when the pet-like and infantile second year Mashiro Shiina, a world-class artistic savant looking to become a mangaka, transfers in during the spring trimester and quickly latches onto him. -- -- Supported by each other's quirks, Sorata and Mashiro come out of their shells and trigger change in the lives of those around them. Based on the light novel series of the same name, Sakurasou no Pet na Kanojo explores the fine threads connecting talent, hard work, romance, and friendship with its ensemble cast. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- 965,451 8.17
Sekai de Ichiban Tsuyoku Naritai! -- -- Arms -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Action Ecchi Sports -- Sekai de Ichiban Tsuyoku Naritai! Sekai de Ichiban Tsuyoku Naritai! -- Hagiwara Sakura and Miyazawa Elena are the leading members of a popular idol group, Sweet Diva. One day, Elena is injured by the attack of a female pro-wrestler Kazama Rio during the recording of a TV program. Sakura gets mad at Rio and gives her a dropkick. To avenge Elena, Sakura enters the female pro-wrestling matches. -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- TV - Oct 6, 2013 -- 44,028 5.80
Shin Megami Tensei: Tokyo Mokushiroku -- -- J.C.Staff -- 2 eps -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Horror Demons Supernatural -- Shin Megami Tensei: Tokyo Mokushiroku Shin Megami Tensei: Tokyo Mokushiroku -- Handsome and effeminate, quiet but proud, the sinister Akito Kobayashi has a passion for the occult and has developed a computer program to summon demons and the living dead. But little does he know that fellow high school students Kojirou Souma and Saki Yagami are reincarnations of powerful and benevolent spirits. When the pair's friends have become targeted by demons trying to harvest their life energies, they must harness their dark metaphysical powers to destroy Kobayashi's threatening program, or risk losing their loved ones forever. -- -- OVA - Apr 21, 1995 -- 5,519 5.41
Shisha no Teikoku -- -- Wit Studio -- 1 ep -- Novel -- Sci-Fi Historical Psychological -- Shisha no Teikoku Shisha no Teikoku -- By the 19th century, humanity has cultivated technology enabling the reanimation of corpses. Unable to experience individual thoughts or emotions, the corpses are programmed by humans to act as laborers in various occupations. -- -- This newfound technology, however, comes with a catch. Science may be able to restore the corpses' ability to move, yet it cannot return what every corpse loses at death: the soul. But Doctor Victor Frankenstein, who vanished shortly after his revolutionary work on corpse reanimation, is said to have revived the only corpse in possession of a soul. -- -- In pursuit of this scientific knowledge, London medical student John Watson hopes to fulfill his promise to his late partner, Friday. After being scouted by a government agency, Watson is on a hunt to obtain Frankenstein's notes, which he believes hold the key to the secrets of the soul. During his search, Watson uncovers the harsh realities of the developing corpse technology and the price he must pay to advance his research. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- Movie - Oct 2, 2015 -- 66,504 6.91
Soukou Kihei Votoms: Big Battle -- -- Sunrise -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Drama Mecha Military Sci-Fi -- Soukou Kihei Votoms: Big Battle Soukou Kihei Votoms: Big Battle -- Big Battle is a one-shot OVA set after the climax of the original Votoms storyline, but before the epilogue at the end of the series itself. With the Gilgamesh and Balarant forces still trying to advance their PS programs, Chirico and his old friends are forced into one last gladiatorial battle against a special PS and a formidable land battleship. -- -- Licensor: -- Maiden Japan -- OVA - Jul 5, 1986 -- 2,873 6.74
Soukou Kihei Votoms: Kakuyaku taru Itan -- -- Sunrise -- 5 eps -- Original -- Drama Mecha Military Sci-Fi -- Soukou Kihei Votoms: Kakuyaku taru Itan Soukou Kihei Votoms: Kakuyaku taru Itan -- Chirico is awoken from cold sleep and separated from Fyana. His attempts to find her come to the attention of a Nextant, the replacement for the Perfect Soldier program. At the same time, the new Pope is to be nominated, and Chirico is religiously considered to be "The Untouchable". With one of the nominees related to the Nextant, Chirico's actions will have far-reaching political ramifications. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- OVA - Mar 21, 1994 -- 2,945 6.96
Soukyuu no Fafner: Right of Left - Single Program -- -- Production I.G, Xebec -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Drama Mecha Military Sci-Fi -- Soukyuu no Fafner: Right of Left - Single Program Soukyuu no Fafner: Right of Left - Single Program -- Yumi Ikoma and Ryou Masaoka are children who have been selected to take part in a top secret mission, to be the pilots of the first Fafner combat units; the last chance of survival for the human race. The enemy is ruthless, remorseless and is able to read the minds of humans. Therefore, the details of this mission are kept a secret even from the personnel involved. The young pilots must use all their courage and faith in order to survive and complete their mission or the fate of mankind would be compromised. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- Special - Dec 30, 2005 -- 13,314 7.40
Stand By Me Doraemon -- -- Shin-Ei Animation, Shirogumi -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Comedy Kids Sci-Fi Shounen -- Stand By Me Doraemon Stand By Me Doraemon -- Nobita Nobi is an elementary student who hates studying, is bad at sports, and does everything half-heartedly. He is a pushover, unlucky, and fearful of many things. His personality makes him a failure in life, even affecting his progeny. This causes his great-great-grandchild, Sewashi, to take control of the situation. -- -- Sewashi travels back in time from the 22nd century to the 20th century to meet Nobita, who is shocked to see him appear out of his drawer alongside a blue robotic cat. The robotic cat calls himself Doraemon, who claims to have been pressured by Sewashi to assist Nobita, with their ultimate goal being to provide Nobita happiness. Frustrated after seeing Nobita's hopeless state, Doraemon decides to go back to the future. However, Sewashi activates a program within Doraemon that prevents him from doing so. -- -- Forced to stay, Doraemon helps Nobita using futuristic gadgets through his four-dimensional pocket—a bag containing anything inside it. Can Doraemon bring Nobita happiness and return to the future? -- -- Movie - Aug 8, 2014 -- 31,200 8.06
Stella no Mahou -- -- SILVER LINK. -- 12 eps -- 4-koma manga -- Game Slice of Life Comedy School -- Stella no Mahou Stella no Mahou -- Upon enrolling in high school, Tamaki Honda joins a club for making doujin games known as the SNS Club. Joined by programmer Shiina, writer Ayame, and composer Kayo, Tamaki begins working as an illustrator for the club's next game. -- -- (Source: Wikipedia) -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- 34,275 6.86
Subete ga F ni Naru -- -- A-1 Pictures -- 11 eps -- Novel -- Sci-Fi Mystery Psychological -- Subete ga F ni Naru Subete ga F ni Naru -- In a research facility hidden away on a remote island, genius programmer Shiki Magata has lived as a recluse for years. She rarely sees guests, but associate professor Souhei Saikawa and university student Moe Nishinosono still seek her out. However, their meeting is cut short when they are caught up in a locked-room murder mystery. -- -- Everything is not as it seems, and many secrets are hidden. Within an isolated facility, a seemingly impossible and gruesome crime takes place, and Saikawa and Moe must unravel the truth behind the murder and Magata's shrouded past. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- 141,702 7.27
Tantei Gakuen Q -- -- Studio Pierrot -- 45 eps -- Manga -- Comedy Drama Mystery Police Shounen -- Tantei Gakuen Q Tantei Gakuen Q -- Kyuu is your average boy with a knack for logic and reasoning. Desiring to become a detective, he finds out about the existence of the Dan Detective School (DDS); a famed school where students are allowed to bear arms. Together with Megu, a girl with photographic memory, the martial arts master Kinta, the genius programmer Kazuma and the mysterious Ryuu, Kyuu tackles many well planned out crimes, always seeking the truth. -- TV - Apr 15, 2003 -- 28,923 7.76
Ten Count -- -- - -- ? eps -- Manga -- Drama Romance Shounen Ai -- Ten Count Ten Count -- Corporate secretary Shirotani suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. One day he meets Kurose, a therapist who offers to take him through a ten-step program to cure him of his compulsion. As the two go through each of the ten steps, Shirotani 's attraction to his counselor grows. -- -- (Source: SuBLime) -- TV - ??? ??, ???? -- 22,458 N/AKimi wa Kanata -- -- Digital Network Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Drama Fantasy -- Kimi wa Kanata Kimi wa Kanata -- Mio has feelings for her childhood friend Arata, but can't convey her feelings. One day, as they continue their delicate relationship, the two fight over something trivial. After letting tensions settle, Mio goes to make up with him in the pouring rain. While on her way, she gets into a traffic accident. When she regains consciousness, a mysterious and unfamiliar world appears before her eyes. -- -- (Source: MAL News) -- Movie - Nov 27, 2020 -- 22,390 N/AArgento Soma -- -- Sunrise -- 25 eps -- Original -- Action Adventure Drama Mecha Military Sci-Fi -- Argento Soma Argento Soma -- In the year 2059, the earth has been plagued by aliens for several years. In an effort to learn more about these aliens, Dr. Noguchi and his assistants Maki Agata and Takuto Kaneshiro try to revive the professor's experiment, a large Bio-Mechanical alien named Frank. During this process the alien comes to 'life' and the lab is subsequently destroyed leaving Takuto the only survivor and the alien disappearing into the wilderness. While Frank roams the wilderness he meets Hattie, an emotionally distressed young girl whose parents are killed in the first 'close encounter' war. Oddly enough she is able to communicate with Frank and soon after they are taken into custody by a secret agency known only as 'Funeral'. Meanwhile, Takuto wakes up in a hospital bed with his life in shambles, and his face disfigured. Motivated by vengeance and heart break, Takuto accepts an offer from the mysterious 'Mr. X' and receives a new identity as a ranking Funeral officer named Ryu Soma. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Bandai Entertainment, Sentai Filmworks -- 22,382 6.79
Tetsuwan Atom -- -- Mushi Production -- 193 eps -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Adventure Drama Mecha Shounen -- Tetsuwan Atom Tetsuwan Atom -- In the year 2003, Professor Tenma is distraught when his son Tobio is killed in a car accident. He loses himself in his latest project, creating Atom, a robot boy programmed to be forever good. -- -- Upset that his Tobio-substitute can never grow up, Tenma sells Atom to Ham Egg, the cruel ringmaster of a robot circus. Atom meets the kindly Professor Ochanomizu, who adopts him, inspires him to become a crusader against evil, and eventually builds him a robot "sister," Uran. -- -- (Source: The Anime Encyclopedia) -- -- Licensor: -- Nozomi Entertainment -- 9,620 7.10
The Animatrix -- -- Madhouse, Studio 4°C -- 9 eps -- Other -- Action Drama Sci-Fi -- The Animatrix The Animatrix -- 1. Final Flight of the Osiris -- The crew of the Osiris discover an army preparing to invade Zion. While one crew member races inside the Matrix to get the message to Zion, the others try desperately to buy her enough time while fighting off an onslaught of Sentinels they can't possibly defeat. -- -- 2-3. The Second Renaissance Part 1 and 2 -- Humans have created the ultimate AI, which is just as smart as they are. But complications arise when these robots and the humans try to exist peacefully, and eventually all-out war breaks out. The humans ultimately lose the war, and become trapped in the Matrix as seen in the live-action films. -- -- 4. Kid's Story -- A young man discovers that his world isn't real, that it's a computer-generated fantasy land created by robots using humans for energy. He escapes with the help of the hacker Neo. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 5. Program -- Cis and Duo engage in battle in a virtual recreation of Feudal Japan. -- -- 6. World Record -- While running the fastest race in his life, a champion track star breaks free of his computer-generated world for a small period of time. When he goes back to the real world, he has no memories and is placed in a nursing home. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 7. Beyond -- While looking for her lost pet, a young woman meets up with some kids in Tokyo to play in a "haunted house," which is really a glitch in their computer world. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 8. Detective Story -- A detective named Ash is called upon by a mysterious organization to hunt down the notorious hacker Trinity. -- -- 9. Matriculated -- A group of scientists capture a robot and place it in a surreal fantasy world. When the robot's friends come in and kill most of the scientists; however, the robot and the last scientist remaining face isolation in the computer-generated world. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Warner Bros. Japan -- OVA - Jun 3, 2003 -- 66,027 7.30
The Animatrix -- -- Madhouse, Studio 4°C -- 9 eps -- Other -- Action Drama Sci-Fi -- The Animatrix The Animatrix -- 1. Final Flight of the Osiris -- The crew of the Osiris discover an army preparing to invade Zion. While one crew member races inside the Matrix to get the message to Zion, the others try desperately to buy her enough time while fighting off an onslaught of Sentinels they can't possibly defeat. -- -- 2-3. The Second Renaissance Part 1 and 2 -- Humans have created the ultimate AI, which is just as smart as they are. But complications arise when these robots and the humans try to exist peacefully, and eventually all-out war breaks out. The humans ultimately lose the war, and become trapped in the Matrix as seen in the live-action films. -- -- 4. Kid's Story -- A young man discovers that his world isn't real, that it's a computer-generated fantasy land created by robots using humans for energy. He escapes with the help of the hacker Neo. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 5. Program -- Cis and Duo engage in battle in a virtual recreation of Feudal Japan. -- -- 6. World Record -- While running the fastest race in his life, a champion track star breaks free of his computer-generated world for a small period of time. When he goes back to the real world, he has no memories and is placed in a nursing home. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 7. Beyond -- While looking for her lost pet, a young woman meets up with some kids in Tokyo to play in a "haunted house," which is really a glitch in their computer world. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 8. Detective Story -- A detective named Ash is called upon by a mysterious organization to hunt down the notorious hacker Trinity. -- -- 9. Matriculated -- A group of scientists capture a robot and place it in a surreal fantasy world. When the robot's friends come in and kill most of the scientists; however, the robot and the last scientist remaining face isolation in the computer-generated world. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- OVA - Jun 3, 2003 -- 66,027 7.30
Toaru Kagaku no Railgun -- -- J.C.Staff -- 24 eps -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Super Power -- Toaru Kagaku no Railgun Toaru Kagaku no Railgun -- The student-filled Academy City is at the forefront of scientific advancement and home to the esper development program. The seven "Level 5" espers are the most powerful in Academy City, and ranked third among them is middle schooler Mikoto Misaka, an electricity manipulator known as "The Railgun." -- -- When strange incidents begin occurring throughout the city, she finds each crime to be connected to the elusive "Level Upper," a legendary device that allegedly increases the esper level of its user. As the situation escalates, it becomes apparent that there is more to the Level Upper than meets the eye, and that Academy City may be a far more twisted place than the glamorous utopia it appears to be. -- -- Toaru Kagaku no Railgun focuses on Mikoto and her friends—and the dangerous situations they find themselves in—as they get caught up in the matter of the Level Upper. As Mikoto says, "There's never a dull moment in this city." -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- 480,015 7.71
Tsuki to Laika to Nosferatu -- -- Arvo Animation -- ? eps -- Light novel -- Sci-Fi Space Vampire -- Tsuki to Laika to Nosferatu Tsuki to Laika to Nosferatu -- The first astronaut in human history was a vampire girl. -- -- Following the end of World War II, the world-dividing superpowers, Federal Republic of Zirnitra in the East and United Kingdom of Arnack in the West, turned their territorial ambitions toward space. Both countries have been competing fiercely for development. -- -- East history 1960. Gergiev, the chief leader of the Republic, announces the manned space flight program Project Mechtat (Dream), which, if successful, would be the first feat for humankind. At that time, Lev Leps, a substitute astronaut candidate, is ordered to perform a top secret mission. The "Nosferatu Project"—a program that experiments with vampires prior to manned missions—will use Irina Luminesk as a test subject, and Lev is to monitor and train her. -- -- Even while trifled by the walls of the race and ego of the nations, Lev and Irina share a genuine sentiment as they aim for the universe. -- -- (Source: MAL News) -- TV - ??? ??, 2021 -- 3,644 N/A -- -- Doraemon Movie 06: Nobita no Little Star Wars -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Fantasy Space -- Doraemon Movie 06: Nobita no Little Star Wars Doraemon Movie 06: Nobita no Little Star Wars -- Papi, the tiny president of a faraway planet, escapes to Earth to avoid being captured by the military forces that took over. Despite being welcomed by Doraemon, Nobita and their friends, the little alien notices that his enemies have also reached this world and doesn't want to get his human friends involved in this war. Doraemon, Nobita, Gian, Suneo, and Shizuka start a big adventure as they try to hide and protect Papi. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- Movie - Mar 16, 1985 -- 3,627 6.94
Tsuki to Laika to Nosferatu -- -- Arvo Animation -- ? eps -- Light novel -- Sci-Fi Space Vampire -- Tsuki to Laika to Nosferatu Tsuki to Laika to Nosferatu -- The first astronaut in human history was a vampire girl. -- -- Following the end of World War II, the world-dividing superpowers, Federal Republic of Zirnitra in the East and United Kingdom of Arnack in the West, turned their territorial ambitions toward space. Both countries have been competing fiercely for development. -- -- East history 1960. Gergiev, the chief leader of the Republic, announces the manned space flight program Project Mechtat (Dream), which, if successful, would be the first feat for humankind. At that time, Lev Leps, a substitute astronaut candidate, is ordered to perform a top secret mission. The "Nosferatu Project"—a program that experiments with vampires prior to manned missions—will use Irina Luminesk as a test subject, and Lev is to monitor and train her. -- -- Even while trifled by the walls of the race and ego of the nations, Lev and Irina share a genuine sentiment as they aim for the universe. -- -- (Source: MAL News) -- TV - ??? ??, 2021 -- 3,644 N/A -- -- Master Mosquiton '99 -- -- - -- 26 eps -- Manga -- Action Adventure Comedy Supernatural Vampire -- Master Mosquiton '99 Master Mosquiton '99 -- Catholic schoolgirl Inaho discovers that a vampire, Mosquiton, is feeding off of her classmates. So she stakes him, but he is revived after her blood comes in contact with the his remains. Mosquiton becomes her slave and also a history teacher. Together, along with Yuuki and Honou, the unlikely duo have many escapades and adventures. One of Inaho's main goals is to find the mythical O-Part to make some money! -- -- (Source: AnimeNfo) -- 3,603 6.51
Walkure Romanze -- -- 8bit -- 12 eps -- Visual novel -- Action Ecchi Romance Harem School Sports -- Walkure Romanze Walkure Romanze -- Taking place at Winford Academy located in an old town called Helen's Hill, the story is all about knights and the sport of jousting. At this school, students learn how to become knights, ride horses and joust properly. The main character is a young man named Takahiro Mizuno who was training to become a knight and jouster but after suffering an injury he dropped out of the knight program and joined the begleiter (assistant) program instead. Due to his animal handling skills and former experience as a jouster, this makes him a hot commodity. Multiple beautiful girls in the school want him to become their personal begleiter, though Takahiro always refuses their offers. -- -- One day a bizarre accident causes his friend, Mio Kisaski, to be challenged to a jousting duel despite her not actually being a knight. Takahiro agrees to become her temporary begleiter, but that ends up only being the beginning of their partnership as she enrolls in the annual tournament. -- 111,923 6.36
Warau Salesman Tokubetsu Bangumi -- -- Shin-Ei Animation -- 14 eps -- Manga -- Psychological Supernatural Seinen -- Warau Salesman Tokubetsu Bangumi Warau Salesman Tokubetsu Bangumi -- A special program of Warau Salesman, these episodes were released in a blast format on 3 days in a nearly 2 hour long timeslot each. The individual episodes have their own OPs. The first blast release differed from the main series by having live-action footage of real locations in Japan before delving into the story for each episode. The 2nd had Moguro with the Master interacting with the viewer as if behind the scenes for a studio before delving into each episode. And the 3rd had Moguro and the Master playing outside in the snow as if reporting on an on-location event to the viewer before delving into each episode. -- Special - Dec 26, 1992 -- 653 N/A -- -- Nouryou Anime: Denkyuu Ika Matsuri -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Original -- Psychological Dementia Horror -- Nouryou Anime: Denkyuu Ika Matsuri Nouryou Anime: Denkyuu Ika Matsuri -- Death is the gateway to birth. The deceased crosses the line to join the kingdom of the dead. He sees there the dance of the sperm and the egg. He is drawn towards the sky. This is the path to the afterlife. -- -- (Source: starandshadow.org.uk) -- Movie - ??? ??, 1993 -- 615 4.58
Yu☆Gi☆Oh! VRAINS -- -- Gallop -- 120 eps -- Card game -- Action Game Sci-Fi Fantasy Shounen -- Yu☆Gi☆Oh! VRAINS Yu☆Gi☆Oh! VRAINS -- The world of Duel Monsters is once again evolving with the development of a network called Link Vrains and a new summoning mechanic introduced as Link Summoning. By using this cyberspace, duelists can now create their own avatars and duel their way to glory within a virtual reality. -- -- However, much like the real world, the digital world is not free from war, conflict, and mysteries. Years ago, a hacker organization known as the Knights of Hanoi unleashed an attack on Link Vrains. Led by the anonymous Revolver, their aim was to annihilate the artificial intelligence program known as the Cyberse. After a failed attempt, one of their targets, Ignis, managed to escape and hide the Cyberse somewhere in the network. -- -- Five years later, high school student Yuusaku Fujiki encounters a strange artificial intelligence program while dueling in Link Vrains. Under the guise of his avatar named Playmaker, Yuusaku and his partner in crime, Shouichi Kusanagi, decide to join forces with the peculiar existence. As he seeks the truth behind a mysterious incident of the past, Yuusaku battles against the Knights of Hanoi and SOL Technologies in a race that might alter the fate of the world. -- -- 34,019 6.62
Yuusha ni Narenakatta Ore wa Shibushibu Shuushoku wo Ketsui Shimashita. -- -- Asread -- 12 eps -- Light novel -- Comedy Romance Ecchi Fantasy -- Yuusha ni Narenakatta Ore wa Shibushibu Shuushoku wo Ketsui Shimashita. Yuusha ni Narenakatta Ore wa Shibushibu Shuushoku wo Ketsui Shimashita. -- Dreaming of becoming a hero and vanquishing the Demon King, Raul Chaser enters the Hero Training Program in pursuit of his ambition. However, when the Demon King is defeated and peace returns to the world, the Hero Training Program is suspended indefinitely, making it impossible for anyone to become a hero. -- -- Two years later, Raul reluctantly works at a small electronics store called Magic Shop Leon. Though the former hero-in-training is plagued by the mundanity of working in retail, everything changes with the arrival of a new hire. Appearing at first to be just a boy with good looks, "he" turns out to be a female demon by the name of Fino Bloodstone. She is not just any old demon either—Raul's new coworker is in fact the daughter of the late Demon King! Handed the responsibility of training this eccentric new employee, Raul soon finds his life becoming livelier than it ever was before. -- -- 244,737 6.89
Yuusha ni Narenakatta Ore wa Shibushibu Shuushoku wo Ketsui Shimashita. -- -- Asread -- 12 eps -- Light novel -- Comedy Romance Ecchi Fantasy -- Yuusha ni Narenakatta Ore wa Shibushibu Shuushoku wo Ketsui Shimashita. Yuusha ni Narenakatta Ore wa Shibushibu Shuushoku wo Ketsui Shimashita. -- Dreaming of becoming a hero and vanquishing the Demon King, Raul Chaser enters the Hero Training Program in pursuit of his ambition. However, when the Demon King is defeated and peace returns to the world, the Hero Training Program is suspended indefinitely, making it impossible for anyone to become a hero. -- -- Two years later, Raul reluctantly works at a small electronics store called Magic Shop Leon. Though the former hero-in-training is plagued by the mundanity of working in retail, everything changes with the arrival of a new hire. Appearing at first to be just a boy with good looks, "he" turns out to be a female demon by the name of Fino Bloodstone. She is not just any old demon either—Raul's new coworker is in fact the daughter of the late Demon King! Handed the responsibility of training this eccentric new employee, Raul soon finds his life becoming livelier than it ever was before. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- 244,737 6.89
Zombie Clay Animation: Life of the Dead -- -- Studio Binzo -- 4 eps -- Original -- Comedy Horror -- Zombie Clay Animation: Life of the Dead Zombie Clay Animation: Life of the Dead -- Clay animation about a guy stuck in a room during zombie apocalypse. -- OVA - ??? ??, 2011 -- 292 N/A -- -- The Girl and the Monster -- -- - -- ? eps -- Original -- Comedy Horror -- The Girl and the Monster The Girl and the Monster -- A girl quietly reads a book in her room. Suddenly, a monster comes crawling out from under her bed! Is it friend or foe? -- ONA - Jul 26, 2019 -- 291 N/A -- -- Heisei Matsue Kaidan: Ayashi -- -- DLE -- 2 eps -- Original -- Comedy Historical Parody Horror Supernatural -- Heisei Matsue Kaidan: Ayashi Heisei Matsue Kaidan: Ayashi -- A Matsue City collaboration anime with Eagle Talon. Yoshida book-ends the story as horror tales, both modern and historical, originated within the city are narrated by another person. -- ONA - Mar 17, 2017 -- 289 N/A -- -- 3-bu de Wakaru Koizumi Yakumo no Kaidan -- -- - -- 7 eps -- Book -- Historical Horror Parody Supernatural -- 3-bu de Wakaru Koizumi Yakumo no Kaidan 3-bu de Wakaru Koizumi Yakumo no Kaidan -- Stories from Patrick Lafcadio Hearn's book Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things. The Greek-American author was known as Koizumi Yakumo in Japan and is renowned for collecting and publishing stories of Japanese folklore and legends. -- -- The shorts were made for a Matsue City tourism promotion, as Hearn taught, lived, and married there. His home is a museum people can visit. -- ONA - May 9, 2014 -- 287 N/A -- -- Kimoshiba -- -- Jinnis Animation Studios, TMS Entertainment -- 13 eps -- Original -- Comedy Horror Kids Supernatural -- Kimoshiba Kimoshiba -- Kimoshiba is a weird type of life form with the shape of an oversize shiba inu, loves eating curry (particularly curry breads), and works at a funeral home. Similar life forms include yamishiba and onishiba. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- 284 N/A -- -- Ehon Yose -- -- - -- 50 eps -- Other -- Historical Horror Kids -- Ehon Yose Ehon Yose -- Anime rakugo of classic Japanese horror tales shown in a wide variety of art styles. -- TV - ??? ??, 2006 -- 279 N/A -- -- Higanjima X: Aniki -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Fantasy Horror Seinen Vampire -- Higanjima X: Aniki Higanjima X: Aniki -- A new episode of Higanjima X that was included in Blu-ray. -- Special - Aug 30, 2017 -- 277 N/A -- -- Yamiyo no Jidaigeki -- -- Sunrise -- 2 eps -- - -- Historical Horror -- Yamiyo no Jidaigeki Yamiyo no Jidaigeki -- Tales include: -- -- The Hill of Old Age, which tells of a conspiracy hatched against Japan's unifier, Oda Nobunaga. -- -- Seeing the Truth, about the assassin sent to murder Nobunaga's successor leyasu Tokugawa. -- -- The broadcast was a part of the Neo Hyper Kids program. -- -- (Source: Anime Encyclopedia) -- Special - Feb 19, 1995 -- 275 N/A -- -- Youkai Ningen Bem: Part II -- -- Topcraft -- 2 eps -- Original -- Demons Horror -- Youkai Ningen Bem: Part II Youkai Ningen Bem: Part II -- For 1982 a 26-episode TV series sequel to Youkai Ningen Bem was planned. Because the original producers disbanded, the animation was done by Topcraft. 2 episodes were created and the project shut down without airing on television. The episodes were released to the public on a LD-Box Set a decade later. 2,000 units were printed and all were sold out. -- Special - Oct 21, 1992 -- 268 N/A -- -- Kaibutsu-kun: Kaibutsu Land e no Shoutai -- -- Shin-Ei Animation -- 1 ep -- - -- Comedy Horror Kids Shounen -- Kaibutsu-kun: Kaibutsu Land e no Shoutai Kaibutsu-kun: Kaibutsu Land e no Shoutai -- Based on the shounen manga by Fujiko Fujio. -- -- Note: Screened as a double feature with Doraemon: Nobita no Uchuu Kaitakushi. -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- Movie - Mar 14, 1981 -- 266 N/A -- -- Ushiro no Hyakutarou -- -- - -- 2 eps -- - -- Horror School Supernatural -- Ushiro no Hyakutarou Ushiro no Hyakutarou -- Horror OVA based on the manga by Jirou Tsunoda. The title roughly means "Hyakutarou behind". -- -- A boy named Ichitarou Ushiro deals with various horrifying phenomena with the help of his guardian spirit Hyakutarou. -- -- 2 episodes: "Kokkuri Satsujin Jiken", "Yuutai Ridatsu". -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- OVA - Aug 21, 1991 -- 254 N/A -- -- Zombie Clay Animation: I'm Stuck!! -- -- Studio Binzo -- 4 eps -- Original -- Comedy Horror -- Zombie Clay Animation: I'm Stuck!! Zombie Clay Animation: I'm Stuck!! -- Spin-off series of Zombie Clay Animation: Life of the Dead. -- ONA - Mar 2, 2014 -- 247 N/A -- -- Shou-chan Sora wo Tobu -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Novel -- Horror Sci-Fi -- Shou-chan Sora wo Tobu Shou-chan Sora wo Tobu -- An anime version of Ikkei Makina's horror novel of the same name. It aired at the same time as the live-action adaptation. -- Movie - Nov 14, 1992 -- 235 N/A -- -- Matsue Kankou Taishi Sanri ga Iku! Matsue Ghost Tour -- -- DLE -- 2 eps -- Original -- Comedy Historical Parody Horror -- Matsue Kankou Taishi Sanri ga Iku! Matsue Ghost Tour Matsue Kankou Taishi Sanri ga Iku! Matsue Ghost Tour -- An accompaniment to Heisei Matsue Kaidan: Ayashi. This ghost tour takes a more realistic approach featuring Yoshia (the fictional Eagle Talon character), Kihara Hirokatsu (horror and mystery novelist), Chafurin (voice actor and Shimae Prefecture ambassador), and Frogman (Ryou Ono's caricature; real-life director of the anime studio DLE). The quartet travels around Matsue City exploring horror/haunted real life locations talking about the history and how it became a paranormal focus. -- -- The end of the episode promotes ticket sale and times for a real ghost tour watchers can partake in. -- ONA - Mar 16, 2017 -- 227 N/A -- -- Yamiyo no Jidaigeki (OVA) -- -- Sunrise -- 2 eps -- - -- Historical Horror -- Yamiyo no Jidaigeki (OVA) Yamiyo no Jidaigeki (OVA) -- A direct sequel that was put straight to video. -- -- The Ear of Jinsuke, about a wandering swordsman saving a damsel in distress from evil spirits. -- -- Prints from the Fall of the Bakufu, features a tomboy from a woodcut works charged with making a print of the young warrior Okita Soji. -- -- (Source: Anime Encyclopedia) -- -- OVA - Aug 2, 1995 -- 227 N/A -- -- Inunaki-mura x Taka no Tsume-dan -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Other -- Comedy Horror Parody -- Inunaki-mura x Taka no Tsume-dan Inunaki-mura x Taka no Tsume-dan -- A collaboration between the live-action horror film Inunaki-mura slated to be released in theaters February 7, 2020 and the Eagle Talon franchise. The film is based on the urban legend of the real-life abandoned Inunaki Village and the old tunnel that cut through the area. -- ONA - Jan 17, 2020 -- 226 N/A -- -- Echigo no Mukashibanashi: Attaten Ganoo -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Demons Horror Kids -- Echigo no Mukashibanashi: Attaten Ganoo Echigo no Mukashibanashi: Attaten Ganoo -- A collection of four folk tales from Koshiji (from 2005, part of Nagaoka), Niigata prefecture (Echigo is the old name of Niigata). -- -- Episode 1: The Azuki Mochi and the Frog -- A mean old woman tells an azuki mochi to turn into a frog, if her daughter-in-law wants to eat it. The daughter-in-law hears this, and... -- -- Episode 2: Satori -- A woodcutter warms himself at the fire of deadwood, when a spirit in the form of an eyeball appears in front of him. The spirit guesses each of the woodcutter's thoughts right... -- -- Episode 3: The Fox's Lantern -- An old man, who got lost in the night streets, finds a lantern with a beautiful pattern, which was lost by a fox spirit. The next day, he returns it reluctantly, and what he sees... -- -- Episode 4: The Three Paper Charms -- An apprentice priest, who lost his way, accidentally puts up at the hut of the mountain witch. To avoid being eaten, he uses three paper charms to get back to the temple... -- -- (Source: Official site) -- OVA - May ??, 2000 -- 221 N/A -- -- Jigoku Koushien -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Sports Comedy Horror Shounen -- Jigoku Koushien Jigoku Koushien -- (No synopsis yet.) -- OVA - Feb 13, 2009 -- 220 N/A -- -- Nanja Monja Obake -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Kids Horror -- Nanja Monja Obake Nanja Monja Obake -- An anime made entirely in sumi-e following a child fox spirit and his morphing ability for haunting but he ends up getting scared himself. -- Special - Dec 6, 1994 -- 215 N/A -- -- Heisei Matsue Kaidan -- -- DLE -- 7 eps -- Original -- Horror Parody Supernatural -- Heisei Matsue Kaidan Heisei Matsue Kaidan -- A Matsue City collaboration anime with Eagle Talon. Yoshida book-ends the story as modern horror tales, originated within the city, are narrated by another person. The shorts are meant to promote the Patrick Lafcadio Hearn's Ghost Tour offered by the city. -- -- Some episodes feature biographical segments of the Matsue Kankou Taishi Sanri ga Iku! Matsue Ghost Tour group. -- ONA - Apr 9, 2015 -- 211 N/A -- -- Akuma no Organ -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Music -- Music Horror Demons -- Akuma no Organ Akuma no Organ -- Music video for Devil's Organ by GREAT3. From Climax E.P. (2003) -- Music - ??? ??, 2003 -- 210 5.16
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11AM (TV program)
120 Minutes (2004 TV program)
120 Minutes (British TV programme)
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (TV program)
1968 United Arab Republic 30 March Program referendum
1984 Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum
1A (radio program)
1Malaysia People's Housing Programme
1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
2009 Supervisory Capital Assessment Program
20/20 (American TV program)
20/20 (Canadian TV program)
20/20 (Colombian TV program)
20/20 (New Zealand TV programme)
24/7 (American TV program)
24 Horas (Colombian TV program)
24 Horas (Mexican TV program)
24 Hours (TV programme)
25 Years (TV programme)
2nd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
30 Minutes (TV program)
311 Foreclosure Prevention Programs
3rd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
48 Hours (TV program)
4-H Shooting Sports Programs
4th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
50/50 (South African TV program)
60 Minutes (Australian TV program)
60 Minutes (New Zealand TV programme)
6P programme
7 Days (Irish TV programme)
863 Program
Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies
ABC Kids (TV programming block)
ABC (programming language)
ABC (Swedish TV programme)
Abductive logic programming
Abstraction principle (computer programming)
Abuse prevention program
Academically Talented Youth Programs
Access (British TV programme)
Access Yea Community Education Program
ACC (programming language)
Acid Rain Program
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems
Acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter
Action at a distance (computer programming)
Action Pack (TV programming block)
Action! (programming language)
A Current Affair (American TV program)
A Current Affair (Australian TV program)
Ada (programming language)
Additional Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
Address confidentiality program
Address programming language
Adi Lautman Interdisciplinary Program for Outstanding Students
Adult Swim (Australian TV programming block)
Adult Swim (British and Irish TV programming block)
Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program
Advanced Perl Programming
Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment
Advanced Programming Specialist Group
Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
Advanced Simulation and Computing Program
Advanced Systems Analysis Program
Advanced Technology Program
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program
Advertiser-funded programming
Advice (programming)
Affordable Care Act Health Insurance Rate Review Program
Afghan National Solidarity Programme
Afghan New Beginnings Programme
AFS Intercultural Programs
After Dark (TV programme)
Afternoon Live (2017 TV programme)
After the News (TV programme)
Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme
Agda (programming language)
Agenda (Australian TV program)
Agenda (British TV programme)
Agenda (New Zealand TV programme)
Agent-oriented programming
Aggregative Contingent Estimation (ACE) Program
Agora (programming language)
Aha! (TV program)
AIDS Drug Assistance Programs
Aiman (TV program)
Air Cadet Gliding Program
Air Force History and Museums Program
Air Force Metrology and Calibration Program Office
Airport Core Programme
Airport Core Programme Exhibition Centre
Airport Improvement Program
Ajax (programming)
AK (radio program)
Alamat (TV program)
Alef (programming language)
Algebraic Logic Functional programming language
Algorithmic program debugging
Alice (programming language)
All Over the Place (TV programme)
All the Way... A Decade of Song (TV program)
Alpha (programming language)
Alphard (programming language)
Alpine Space Programme
Al Rojo Vivo (2002 TV program)
Amanda (TV program)
Amazon Region Protected Areas Program
Ambulance (TV programme)
American Battlefield Protection Program
AMOS (programming language)
Amour Programm
AMV (TV program)
Analog (program)
Ana (programming language)
Andar ng mga Balita (TV program)
Andrew Morton (computer programmer)
Andrew Stone (computer programmer)
Anggulo (TV program)
Angkasawan program
Answer set programming
Antarctic Artists and Writers Program
Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program
AOL Community Leader Program
APL (programming language)
Apollo Applications Program
Apollo program
Apple certification programs
Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange
Application Programming Interface for Windows
Application programming interface key
Applicative programming language
A+ (programming language)
APT (programming language)
Aqu y Ahora (TV program)
A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century
Arangkada (TV program)
Architectural Experience Program (AXP)
Archival Recovery Program
Arc (programming language)
Area Health Education Centers Program
Argentine Antarctic Program
Argos (radio program)
Argus (programming language)
Ariel programme
Arkansas Champion Tree Program
Army Aboriginal Community Assistance Program
Army Correspondence Course Program
Army Equal Opportunity Program
Army Nuclear Power Program
Army Substance Abuse Program
Army Wounded Warrior Program
Around the World (TV program)
Array programming
Arsalyn Program
ARS-based programming
Art Elective Programme (Singapore)
Artemis program
Art in Embassies Program
Arts and Humanities Focus Program
ASAP (Philippine TV program)
ASAP (TV program)
ASAT program of China
ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program
A Second Look (1964 TV program)
Ashmolean Museum University Engagement Programme
Asian-German Sports Exchange Program
Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme
Asia Pacific Leadership Program
Ask Me Another (radio program)
Aspect (computer programming)
Aspect-oriented programming
Asset-backed commercial paper program
Assignment (TV program)
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs
Association for Jewish Outreach Programs
Association for Logic Programming
Association for Neuro Linguistic Programming
Association (object-oriented programming)
Association of North American Graduate Programs in the Conservation of Cultural Property
Association of University Programs in Health Administration
Association of Writers & Writing Programs
Astrogeology Research Program
Asynchrony (computer programming)
Atari Program Exchange
ATHENS Programme
Athlete Assistance Program
Atlantis (TV programme)
ATOLL (programming language)
Atom (programming language)
ATS (programming language)
At the Movies (1982 TV program)
At the Movies (1986 TV program)
At the Movies (Australian TV program)
Attribute-oriented programming
Audio program
Aurora programme
Australasian New Car Assessment Program
Automata-based programming
Automata-based programming (Shalyto's approach)
Automated Similarity Judgment Program
Automatic programming
Autoreview Car Assessment Program
Aviation Cadet Training Program (USAAF)
Aviation Cadet Training Program (USN)
Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP)
Back in the Day (2006 TV program)
Backlight (TV program)
Back to the Egg (TV program)
Bad check restitution program
Bagram Bible program
Balitaan (2013 TV program)
Balitaan (2016 TV program)
Ballerina (programming language)
Balochistan Rural Support Programme
Baltic Sea Region Programme
Bandila (TV program)
Bandstand (TV program)
Bandwagon (American TV program)
Barbados Defence Force Sports Program
Barbados Programme of Action
Barbershop Quartet (health outreach program)
Basel Program
Basic Black (CBC program)
Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
BASIC Programming
Basic programming
Basic solution (linear programming)
Battle Programmer Shirase
Bayesian program synthesis
BBC Forces Programme
BBC General Forces Programme
BBC Light Programme
BBC Programme Catalogue
BBC Programme Identifier
BBC Third Programme
Bc (programming language)
Beatnik (programming language)
Beer Judge Certification Program
Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program
Belgian Antarctic Program
Bellevue/NYU Program for Survivors of Torture
Belly (loyalty program)
Benazir Income Support Programme
Best Christmas Ever (TV programming block)
Best Host in a Variety Programme
BETA (programming language)
Better Homes and Gardens (TV program)
Better Life Programme for Rural Women
Beyond Einstein program
Bienvenidos (Chilean TV program)
Big Big World (TV programme)
Biography (TV program)
Biosatellite program
Birmingham News (TV programme)
Biyaheng Langit (TV program)
Black Journal (TV program)
Black Spot Program
Block by Block (program)
Block Parent Program
Block programming
Block (programming)
Blow by Blow (Philippine boxing program)
Boarding Pass (TV program)
Bolsa Floresta Program
Bookclub (radio programme)
Book:Naming convention (programming)
Book:Programming Languages
Boomerang (Australian TV program)
Boo (programming language)
Borat's Television Programme
Born to Be Wild (TV program)
Bosque (programming language)
Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program
Boys Night Out (radio program)
B (programming language)
Bracero program
Bradford (computer program)
Brass Tacks (British TV programme)
Brass Tacks (Pakistani TV program)
Brazilian Antarctic Program
Brazilian space program
Breakaway (radio programme)
Breakfast (Australian TV program)
Breakfast (New Zealand TV programme)
Breakfast (Philippine TV program)
Breakfast Time (1957 TV program)
Breakfast Time (British TV programme)
Breakout (Canadian TV program)
Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program
Break Up (TV program)
Breeding program
Breeding programs at Zoo Basel
Bridge program
Brigada (TV program)
Bright Futures Scholarship Program
British hydrogen bomb programme
British space programme
Brokered programming
Brunch (TV program)
BT Centre for Major Programme Management
Bubble (programming language)
Bug bounty program
Building and Construction Improvement Program
Building Energy Codes Program
Building Strong Families Program
Bulgarian cosmonaut program
Bulk Copy Program
Bullrun (decryption program)
Bullseye (American TV program)
Buran programme
Bureau of International Information Programs
Buried Treasure (TV program)
Burma Socialist Programme Party
Business Application Programming Interface
Business Center (TV program)
Business International (TV programme)
Business Today (Philippine TV program)
Buy-back program
By the Fireside (Ghanaian TV program)
C'est la vie (radio program)
Cabaret (British TV programme)
Cabbages and Kings (Canadian TV program)
Calendar (American TV program)
Calendar (British TV programme)
CALFED Bay-Delta Program
Calgary Distinguished Writers Program
California Association of Regional Occupational Centers and Programs
California Conservation Camp Program
California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs
California Major Risk Medical Insurance Program
California Smog Check Program
California Standardized Testing and Reporting Program
Callback (computer programming)
CAL (programming language)
Campbell Brown (TV program)
Canada Fitness Award Program
Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment Program
Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program
Canadian Firearms Program
Canadian Forces Artists Program
Canadian House of Commons Page Program
Canadian Immigrant Investor Program
Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation
Canadian Mining Certification Program
Canadian Screen Award for Best Direction in a Children's or Youth Program or Series
Canadian Screen Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series
Canadian Screen Award for Best Writing in a Children's or Youth Program or Series
Candies (TV program)
Canned Laughter (TV programme)
Can of Worms (TV program)
Canon AE-1 Program
Capella (notation program)
Capital Connection (TV programme)
Capital program and project management software
Capstone Military Leadership Program
CarboNZero programme
Care Programme Approach
Cargo cult programming
CARIACO Ocean Time Series Program
Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program
Caribbean Programme for Economic Competitiveness
Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program
Carnegie African Diaspora Fellowship Program
Cartesian genetic programming
Cashback reward program
Cash Flow (TV program)
Cash for appliances program
Catalyst (TV program)
Category:American video game programmers
Category:Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Cayenne (programming language)
CBC Radio One local programming
CDK (programming library)
Cecil (programming language)
Celebrity (TV programme)
Central African Regional Program for the Environment
Central American Minors Program
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program
Central European Exchange Program for University Studies
Centre for Communication Programs Nigeria
Centre for Sustainability and Environmental Management / Brunel Management Programme
CERN Program Library
Certified Unified Program Agency
Ceylon (programming language)
Cg (programming language)
Chain Reaction (radio programme)
Chandrayaan programme
Changjiang Scholars Program
Channel 4's Comedy Gala (2010 TV program)
Channel 4's Comedy Gala (2011 TV program)
Channel 5 (British TV channel) programming
Chapel (programming language)
Charm (programming language)
Chat Room (TV program)
Ch (computer programming)
Checkpoint (TV program)
Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards Program Authorization and Accountability Act of 2014
Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme
Chesapeake Bay Program
Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program
Child and Adult Care Food Program
Child Labour Programme of Action
Child Labour Programme of Action (South Africa)
Child nutrition programs
Children's Health Insurance Program
Children's programming on ABC Television
Children's programming on CBS
Children's programming on TBS and TNT
Child sexual abuse prevention programmes
China's spaceplane program
ChinaBrazil Earth Resources Satellite program
China Township Electrification Program
China Village Electrification Program
Chinese aircraft carrier programme
Chinese economic stimulus program
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
Chinese space program
Chinook (computer program)
Chip Authentication Program
CHIP (programming language)
Chisel (programming language)
Chit-Chat (TV program)
Christian diet programs
Christopher Dunn (computer programmer)
Chromatic (programmer)
Chronicle (American TV program)
Chronicle (British TV programme)
Chute! (TV programme)
Chuy (TV program)
CIA Tibetan program
Cinder (programming library)
Citizen's Account Program (Saudi Arabia)
Citizen Advisors on the Mutual Security Program
Citizens' Forum (TV program)
Citizen Soldier (TV program)
Citizen Weather Observer Program
City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program
Civic action program
Civilian Irregular Defense Group program
Civilian Marksmanship Program
Civilian Pilot Training Program
Civil Identity Program of the Americas
Civil Society Human and Institutional Development Program
Civil War Trails Program
Claire (programming language)
Clarion (programming language)
Class-based programming
Class (computer programming)
Classification of Instructional Programs
Claudine (TV program)
Clean (programming language)
Click (TV programme)
Climate Change Science Program
Clinical Information Technology Program Office
Clipper (programming language)
Clore Leadership Programme
Close Up (TV programme)
Closure (computer programming)
Club Premier (loyalty program)
CLU (programming language)
CNN Newsroom (International TV program)
Cobra (programming language)
Cognitive Science and Neuropsychology Program of Szeged
Coke Studio (Indian TV program)
Coke Studio (Pakistani TV program)
Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program
Collaborative Summer Library Program
College Level Examination Program
Colorado Student Assessment Program
Combat Stress Intervention Program
Combined Action Program
Comedy Bar (Philippine TV program)
Comedy Club (TV program)
Comenius programme
Comet (programming)
Command and Control Research Program
Comment (computer programming)
Commercial Crew Program
Commercial Import Program
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
Commission on English Language Program Accreditation
Commodity checkoff program
Commodity programs
Common Infrared Countermeasures program
Common minimum programme
Common Program
Common Programming Interface for Communications
Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources
Communications Capabilities Development Programme
Community Access Program
Community Arts Program
Community-based program design
Community Oriented Program for Control Of Rheumatic Diseases
Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS
Comp 175: A Benefit for Queer Programs and Services in the Pacific Northwest
Comparison of Asian national space programs
Comparison of functional programming languages
Comparison of IDE choices for Haxe programmers
Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages
Comparison of open-source programming language licensing
Comparison of programming languages
Comparison of programming languages (associative array)
Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)
Comparison of programming languages by type system
Comparison of programming languages (functional programming)
Comparison of programming languages (string functions)
Comparison of programming languages (syntax)
Compass (1965 TV program)
Compass (1986 TV program)
Compass (Australian TV program)
Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme
Competitive programming
Complementary Medicine Evaluation Programme
Complex programmable logic device
Compliance and ethics program
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Comprehensive Disabled Afghans Programme
Comprehensive Program for Socialist Economic Integration
Computer network programming
Computer program
Computer programming
Computer programming in the punched card era
Computer program product
Computer programs and the Patent Cooperation Treaty
Computer Programs Directive
Concatenative programming language
Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming
Concert program
Concourse Program at MIT
Conditional (computer programming)
Conditional Release Program
Confessions (radio programme)
Congressional Award Program Reauthorization Act of 2013
Conservation Reserve Program
Conservation Security Program
Consortium of Local Authorities Special Programme
Constant (computer programming)
Const (computer programming)
Constellation program
Constraint logic programming
Constraint programming
Constructive Program
Constructor (object-oriented programming)
Contributions to the Slovene National Program
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Ecosystem Monitoring Programme
Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite
Convergence (TV program)
Conversations (radio program)
Cookie Monster (computer program)
Cook the Books (TV program)
Cooperative Observer Program
Coordinator for International Information Programs
Copernicus Programme
Cops (TV program)
Copy-and-paste programming
Coral Reef Conservation Program
Crdova Congressional Internship Program
Cornell Southeast Asia Program
Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Act 2004
Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
Countdown (Australian TV program)
Countdown (Canadian TV program)
Countdown (Dutch TV program)
Counterpoint (radio programme)
Counterprogramming
Countrytime (1960 TV program)
Countrytime (1970 TV program)
Coupling (computer programming)
Court Challenges Program of Canada
Cover Story (TV program)
Cover to Cover (1965 TV program)
Cover to Cover (2005 TV program)
CPL (programming language)
C (programming language)
CPT (programadora)
Creative Programs
Creeper (program)
Crime Stories (American TV program)
Crime victim advocacy program
Critical Language Scholarship Program
Criticism of the Space Shuttle program
Critique of the Gotha Programme
Crossfire (American TV program)
Crossfire (British TV programme)
Crossfire (Canadian TV program)
Crunch (TV programming block)
Cryptographic Module Validation Program
Crystal (programming language)
CS-4 (programming language)
C Sharp (programming language)
C-SPAN Bus program
Culture assimilators (programs)
Culture Shock (radio programme)
Cuneiform (programming language)
Curl (programming language)
Current Account (TV programme)
Curry (programming language)
Curses (programming library)
Cut (logic programming)
Cybil (programming language)
Cyclone (programming language)
Dairy Promotion Program
Dairy Termination Program
Dalton (program)
Dandelion Program
Daniel Robbins (computer programmer)
Darian Dam Archaeological Salvage Program
DARPA Global autonomous language exploitation program
Dart (programming language)
Darwin (programming game)
Dataflow programming
Dateline (Australian TV program)
Dave Taylor (game programmer)
Dave Thomas (programmer)
David Abrahams (computer programmer)
David Plummer (programmer)
Davis United World College Scholars Program
Daybreak (2010 TV programme)
Daybreak (Philippine TV program)
Day Off (TV program)
Day of the Programmer
Day One (TV program)
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Legal/Courtroom Program
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Musical Performance in a Daytime Program
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming
Dc (computer program)
D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program
DC Youth Orchestra Program
Dear Friends (radio program)
Declaration (computer programming)
Declarative programming
Decline and Fall of the American Programmer
Defense Acquisition Program Administration
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
Defense Support Program
Defense Treaty Ready Inspection Readiness Program
Defensive programming
Degree completion program
Delaware Student Excellence Equals Degree Program Scholarship
Delayed Entry Program
Delegation (object-oriented programming)
Denise (TV program)
Department of Defense Whistleblower Program
Deprogramming
Destructor (computer programming)
Detroit Demolition Program
Development and Education Programme for Daughters and Communities
Development of the Commercial Crew Program
Development programs in Tribal Areas
Dial M (Philippine TV program)
Dice (programming language)
Differentiable programming
Differential dynamic programming
Digital program insertion
Direct and Counter-Cyclical Program
Directive (programming)
Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation
Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing Children's Programs
Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing Reality Programs
Direct participation program
Disability management program
Disappeared (TV program)
Discovery (British TV programme)
Discovery Program
Disney College Program
Disney International Programs
Disney Worldwide Outreach Program
Dispatches (TV programme)
Diversion program
Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives
Dolce Vita (TV programme)
Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program
Dominica citizenship by investment programme
Dongfanghong program
Do Nothing 'Til You Hear from Me (radio programme)
Dore Programme
D (programming language)
Dracula (1975 radio program)
Draft:Multitier programming
Draft:SpaceX SmallSat Rideshare Program
Dragons' Den (British TV programme)
Draw the Line (TV program)
Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming Award
Drive In (TV program)
Drop (loyalty program)
Drudge (TV program)
Drug Interventions Programme
Dual linear program
Dumont (TV program)
Dump (program)
DUP programming language
Dylan (programming language)
Dynamic program analysis
Dynamic programming
Dynamic programming language
DYNAMO (programming language)
EAGLE (program)
Early Edition (TV program)
Early Entrance Program
Ease (programming language)
Eastern Anatolia Development Programme
Easy Beat (radio programme)
Easy Programming Language
Eaten Alive (TV program)
EAZA Ex-situ Programme
Echoes (radio program)
ECL (data-centric programming language)
ECL programming language
Ecological Sanitation Research Programme
Economic Scholars Program
Economic Transformation Programme
EC (programming language)
ECrew Development Program
ECT (TV programme)
Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine and Israel
Ecumenical Hellenism (program)
EDGE of Existence programme
Edinburgh to Glasgow Improvement Programme
Educational program
Education Program for Gifted Youth
EGL (programming language)
EGS (program)
Eiffel (programming language)
Einstein (US-CERT program)
ELAN (programming language)
Electrical Transient Analyzer Program
Electronic program guide
Electronics Technician distance education program
Elektron (satellite program)
Elixir (programming language)
ELLA (programming language)
Ellipsis (computer programming)
Elm (programming language)
El Observador (Venezuelan TV program)
Eltron Programming Language
Elvis (1968 TV program)
EMC-aware programming
Emerald Program
Emergency (1995 TV program)
Emergency Disaster Loan Program
Emergency Fighter Program
Emergency Shipbuilding Program
Emission-aware programming
EML programming language
Emmy Noether Program
Employee assistance program
Employee of the month (program)
Employer Matching Program
Emu's TV programmes
EMX (programming environment)
Encapsulation (computer programming)
Encounter (1960 TV program)
Encounter (1970 TV program)
End Stage Renal Disease Program
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products
Energy rebate program
Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
Engineering and Science Education Program
England Rural Development Programme
Enhanced Primary Care Case Management Program
ENPI ItalyTunisia CBC Programme
Environmental Choice Program
Environmental Lands Acquisition and Protection Program
Environmentally Sensitive Lands Protection Program
Environmental Quality Incentives Program
Environmental Technology Verification Program
En Vivo (programadora)
Epigram (programming language)
Epigrams on Programming
E (programming language)
Equinox (TV programme)
Erasable programmable logic device
Erasmus Programme
Erfurt Program
Erlangen program
Erlang (programming language)
Escape (radio program)
Esoteric programming language
Esquisse d'un Programme
Essentials of Programming Languages
Etcetera (TV program)
Ethical Toy Program
Etoys (programming language)
Euclid (programming language)
EU Gateway Programme
Euler (programming language)
Euphoria (programming language)
Euromed Heritage programme
Europa coin programme
European Climate Change Programme
European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection
European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training
European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space
European Space Agency Science Programme
European Strategic Program on Research in Information Technology
European Union Agency for the Space Programme
Europe Today (TV programme)
Evaluation and Program Planning
Event-driven programming
Evolutionary programming
Example-centric programming
Exceptional Family Member Program
Execute Channel Program
Execute Channel Program in Real Storage
Execute Direct Access Program
Expanded Program on Immunization
Explorers Program
Exposed (Canadian TV program)
Expression-oriented programming language
Extended day program
Extended Mathematical Programming
Extensible programming
Extra (American TV program)
Extra (Australian TV program)
Extraterrestrial (TV program)
Extreme programming
Extreme programming practices
Eye Opener (American TV program)
Face the Music (British TV programme)
Face the Nation (Australian TV program)
Face to Face (Australian TV program)
Face to Face (British TV programme)
Factor (programming language)
Factory (object-oriented programming)
Fair & Square (TV program)
Fair Game (radio program)
Family resource program
Family Rosary Crusade (TV program)
Fancy Free (Australian TV program)
Fancy Free (Canadian TV program)
Fantasia (Brazilian television program)
Fantastico (TV program)
Fantasy Focus (XM radio program)
Fantom (programming language)
FARGO (programming language)
Farm and Ranch Lands Protection Program
Farmers' Market Nutrition Program / Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
Fast Break (radio program)
Fast Track (British TV programme)
Fault Lines (TV program)
FAUST (programming language)
F/A-XX Program
Feature-oriented programming
Federal Contractors' Program
Federal Depository Library Program
Federal Direct Student Loan Program
Federal Employees Health Benefits Program
Federal Family Education Loan Program
Federal Identity Program
Federal TRIO Programs
Federal Voting Assistance Program
Federal Women's Film Program
Federal Work-Study Program
Federation of European Mineral Programs
Feliz! (TV program)
Fennec (climate program)
Festival International de Programmes Audiovisuels
Fetal programming
Field-programmability
Field-programmable gate array
Field-programmable object array
Field-programmable RF
Fifth-generation programming language
Film and Television Master's program at Sacred Heart University
Films and television programmes based on Alice in Wonderland
Film... (TV programme)
Final Program (musical group)
Final Score (American TV program)
Financial Management Reform Programme
Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program
Firefly (computer program)
Firing Line (TV program)
First Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece
First-generation programming language
First Light (radio program)
First Look (TV program)
First Peoples (TV program)
First Programme (ERT)
First Tuesday (TV programme)
Fitilieh programme protests in Iran (2015)
Fjlnir (programming language)
Flame programmer
Flashback (radio program)
Flashpoint (Australian TV program)
Flashpoints (radio program)
Flavors (programming language)
Flex (programming language)
Flip-flop (programming)
Flix (programming language)
Florida Folklife Program
Florida Sea Grant College Program
Flow-based programming
FL (programming language)
FOCAL (programming language)
FOCUS Program
FOIL (programming language)
Fokus (TV program)
Follow Me! (TV programme)
Follow Your Heart (Philippine TV program)
Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations
Food for Progress Program
FOOD Programme
Food Programme
Foreign Exchange (CNBC World TV program)
Foreign Exchange (PBS TV program)
Foreign Market Development Program
Forest Law Enforcement and Governance Program
Forestry Incentive Program
FORGE Program
Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program
Form (programming)
For the People (KVNU radio program)
Forth (programming language)
Fortress (programming language)
For Your Ears Only (radio program)
FOSD program cubes
Foundation Programme
Foundation programme
Four Corners (Australian TV program)
Four Live (Irish TV programme)
Four Live (New Zealand TV programme)
Four on the Floor (American TV program)
Fourth-generation programming language
Four Year Undergraduate Programme protests
Fox Wars (TV programme)
F! (Philippine TV program)
FP (programming language)
F (programming language)
Framed (American TV program)
Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
Freaky Eaters (American TV program)
Freaky Eaters (British TV programme)
Free program
Frequent-flyer program
FRIENDS program
Frontline (American TV program)
Front Row (radio programme)
Front Row (TV program)
F-Script (programming language)
F Sharp (programming language)
FSU Young Scholars Program
Fulbright Economics Teaching Program
Fulbright Program
Full-screen writing program
Functional programming
Functional reactive programming
Function-level programming
Fundamental lemma (Langlands program)
Fun with Jazz Educational Program
Ftbol de Primera (TV program)
Futhark (programming language)
Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
Future Problem Solving Program International
Gadzooks! (TV programme)
Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs
Game of Life (TV programme)
Gap Analysis Program
Gates Millennium Scholars Program
Gateway Program (Northeast Corridor)
Gateway Program (Vancouver)
Gateway Protection Programme
Gateway to Higher Education (program)
Gathering of Eagles Program
GeForce Partner Program
Gemini Award for Best Children's or Youth Program or Series
Gene expression programming
Generalized semi-infinite programming
General Motors Companion Make Program
General-purpose programming language
Generation (Canadian TV program)
Generator (computer programming)
Generic programming
Generic Security Services Application Program Interface
Genetic programming
Genghis Khan (TV programme)
Geometric programming
GEORGE (programming language)
Georgetown University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Program
Georgia Governor's Honors Program
Georgia Legal Services Program
Georgia Rail Passenger Program
Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program
Georgia Train and Equip Program
German Continental Deep Drilling Programme
German nuclear weapons program
German space programme
Get Up! (TV program)
Girard Academic Music Program
Give Us This Day (Australian TV program)
Give Us This Day (Philippine TV program)
Glenn Beck Program
Glenn Beck Radio Program
Global Apollo Programme
Global Atmospheric Research Program
Global News (Philippine TV program)
Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program
GLOBE Program
Glob (programming)
GMT (TV programme)
Gnaraloo Turtle Conservation Program
GNAT Programming Studio
GNU Linear Programming Kit
GOAL agent programming language
Goal programming
Goals on Sunday (1989 TV programme)
Gdel (programming language)
Godesberg Program
Gofer (programming language)
Going Straight (TV programme)
Golden Oldies (TV program)
Golden Years (TV programme)
Golha (radio programmes)
Golly (program)
Good Day! (TV program)
Good Game (TV program)
Good Morning Australia (1981 TV program)
Good Morning Australia (1992 TV program)
Good Morning Britain (1983 TV programme)
Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)
Good Morning (New Zealand TV programme)
Good Morning (Russian TV program)
Google Programmable Search Engine
Go (programming language)
Gotha Program
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
Government Transformation Programme (Malaysia)
G programming language
Graduate Medical Program
Graduate Teacher Programme
Grandstand (TV programme)
Grand Technion Energy Program
Grand Tour program
Grasslands Reserve Program
GRASS (programming language)
Grassroots Source Water Protection Program
Great Books programs in Canada
Great Books (TV program)
Greater Underwater Propulsion Power Program
Great North Run Cultural Programme
Great Observatories program
GreeceBulgaria European Territorial Cooperation Programme
Greenfingers (TV programme)
GRIPS-Security and International Studies Program, Tokyo
Ground Mobility Vehicle (US)SOCOM program
Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program
Ground Zero (TV program)
GTRI Agricultural Technology Research Program
Guaranteed Education Tuition Program
Guess (TV program)
Guest worker program
Gun buyback program
Gun Talk (radio program)
Hack (programming language)
Hadrian (TV programme)
Haggis (programming language)
Hamiltonian economic program
Happy Land (TV program)
Happy Time (TV program)
Harbour (programming language)
HarvardMIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology
Haskell (programming language)
Havatzalot Program
Having It All (radio programme)
Head Start (program)
Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program
Health Emergencies Programme (WHO)
Health Hazard Evaluation Program
Health Insurance Premium Payment Program
Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program
Health Professions Scholarship Program
Healthy People program
HEAO Program
Hearing conservation program
Hearts and Minds (1996 TV programme)
Heavy Press Program
Heia Norge (TV program)
Heinz Nixdorf Programm
Hell's Angel (TV programme)
Helloworld (TV program)
Hemispheres (TV program)
Here's to You (radio program)
Heritage Documentation Programs
Hermes program
HERO Program
Hey, Hey, It's Saturday! (British TV programme)
High adventure programs of the Order of the Arrow
Higher-order programming
Higher Technical Examination Programme
High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program
High-level programming language
Highly Skilled Migrant Programme
High Performance Computing Modernization Program
High Performance Programme
High-yield investment program
Hilbert's program
Hilbert basis (linear programming)
Hindenburg Programme
Hired Truck Program
His & Hers (TV program)
Historic Curatorship Program
History of Programming Languages
History of programming languages
History of the Dylan programming language
History of the Scheme programming language
HiWish program
Hmong Today (TV program)
Hockey Canada Officiating Program
Home (1954 TV program)
Home (1988 TV program)
Home Affordable Refinance Program
HOME Investment Partnerships Program
Homeland Security Grant Program
Hometime (American TV program)
Honey Queen Program
Honors colleges and programs
Hope (programming language)
Hopscotch (programming language)
Horizon (American TV program)
Horizon (Canadian TV program)
Hot spot (computer programming)
How to Design Programs
Hoy (TV program)
HP Multi-Programming Executive
HUD (TV program)
Human Frontier Science Program
Humanitas Programme
Hume (programming language)
Husker du? (TV program)
Hygiene program
IB Diploma Programme
IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System
IBM Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
IBM Airline Control Program
IBM Basic Programming Support
IB Middle Years Programme
IBM System/34, 36 System Support Program
IB Primary Years Programme
I Can See You (TV program)
ICC Future Tours Programme
ICFP Programming Contest
ICI (programming language)
Icon (programming language)
I Dare You (Canadian TV program)
Idea (TV program)
IDL (programming language)
Id (programming language)
Idris (programming language)
IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme
Ignite (youth programme)
Illegals Program
Il programmino di Gigi D'agostino
Immigrant investor programs
Immunity-aware programming
Impact (TV programme)
Imperative programming
IMP (programming language)
Impromptu (programming environment)
Improved Turbine Engine Program
Incentive program
Independent Network News (TV program)
Independent People (TV program)
Index of object-oriented programming articles
India's three-stage nuclear power programme
India Innovation Growth Programme
Indian Antarctic Program
Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme
Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme
Indian Placement Program
Indian Remote Sensing Programme
Indigenous Peoples Law and Policy Program
Individualized Education Program
Inductive logic programming
Inductive programming
In Europa (TV program)
Infocomm Clubs Programme
Information for All Programme
Inheritance (object-oriented programming)
Initialization (programming)
Initial Police Learning and Development Programme
Innathe Program
Innovation (TV program)
Input/Output Configuration Program
In-service program
Inside Out (2002 TV programme)
Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program
Insider (Philippine TV program)
Inside Story (TV programme)
Insight (Australian TV program)
Installation (computer programs)
Institute for System Programming
Institution of Analysts and Programmers
Instrumentation (computer programming)
In-system programming
Integer programming
Integrated Deepwater System Program
Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme
Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Integrated Opisthorchiasis Control Program
Integrated Programme
Integrated programme
Intensive outpatient program
Intentional programming
Interactive Mathematics Program
Interactive programming
Interagency Working Group on Youth Programs
Interception Modernisation Programme
Intercity Express Programme
Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program
Interface-based programming
Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd
Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program
Intern Architect Program
International Aviation Safety Assessment Program
International Biological Program
International Chinese Language Program
International Collegiate Programming Contest
International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
International Conference on Functional Programming
International Conference on Logic Programming
International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
International Early Warning Programme
International Emmy Award for Best Arts Programming
International Emmy Award for Best Non-English Language U.S. Primetime Program
International Energy Agency Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme
International Geoscience Programme
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
International Gorilla Conservation Programme
International Grape Genome Program
International Human Dimensions Programme
International Hydrological Programme
International Information and Communication Technology Council Certification Program
International Ocean Discovery Program
International Player Pathway Program
International Programme on Chemical Safety
International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
International Social Survey Programme
International Studio & Curatorial Program
International Visitor Leadership Program
International Writing Program
Internet Messaging Program
Internet Server Application Programming Interface
Interstitial program
Interview Waiver Program
Invariant-based programming
Io (programming language)
IPBA (TV program)
IPLEDGE program
Iran-China 25-year Cooperation Program
Iraqi biological weapons program
Iraqi chemical weapons program
IRS Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Program
Irvine CubeSat STEM Program
It's My Life (British TV programme)
It's Showtime (Philippine TV program)
Jackson structured programming
JADE (programming language)
James Clark (programmer)
James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions
James Paul McCartney (TV program)
Jammin' (radio programme)
Jane Velez-Mitchell (TV program)
Japanese nuclear weapon program
Japanese space program
Japan Prizewinners Programme
Java 4K Game Programming Contest
Java (programming language)
Jean Monnet Programme
Jeremy Vine (TV programme)
Jess (programming language)
JET Programme
Jigawa ethanol programme
Jill (TV program)
Jim Hall (computer programmer)
Joe Armstrong (programmer)
Joe Hewitt (programmer)
John Finnemore's Souvenir Programme
Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs
John Walker (programmer)
Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys
Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation
Joint Service Small Arms Program
Joint Strike Fighter program
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
Jolie (programming language)
Jonathan Smith (games programmer)
Jon Hall (programmer)
Joule (programming language)
Journal (German TV programme)
Journal of Functional Programming
Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming
Journo (TV program)
Joy (programming language)
J (programming language)
JRT (programming language)
Julia (programming language)
Jyrki (TV program)
Kabayan (radio program)
Kaleidoscope (programming language)
KAMAS (program)
Karel (programming language)
Karlsbader Programm
Karma Police (surveillance programme)
Kassa (TV program)
Kata (programming)
Kauffman Fellows Program
Kekul Program
Kentucky Governor's Scholars Program
Kerbal Space Program
Kerbal Space Program 2
Keystroke programming
KF Defence Programs
Kids Club (TV programming block)
King Lear (1983 TV programme)
Kitchen Cabinet (TV program)
Knight-Bagehot Fellowship Program
Know India Programme
Kobra (TV programme)
Korea Area Incentive Program
Korean Astronaut Program
Korean Attack Submarine program
Koice Program
Kotlin (programming language)
K (programming language)
Krypton (programming language)
Kudos (computer program)
Kwangmyngsng program
L't indien (TV program)
L1 and L2 (programming language)
Labor and Worklife Program
Land Buy-Back Program for Tribal Nations
Landsat program
Langlands program
Language bioprogram theory
Language-oriented programming
Lasso (programming language)
Launch Services Program
Lava (programming language)
Lead programmer
Leaf class (computer programming)
LEAP (programming language)
Least objectionable program
Lebanese space program
Leet (programming language)
Legislative programme
Le Grand Journal (Canadian TV program)
Le Grand Journal (French TV program)
Le National (TV program)
Leonardo da Vinci programme
Le Petit Journal (TV programme)
Lexico (programming language)
LGBT children's television programming
LHC Accelerator Research Program
Library and Information Science program at the University of Western Ontario
Lifelong Learning Programme 20072013
Lifelong Learning Programme 20072013 in Finland
Lifestyle management programme
LIGHT Program
Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program
Lightweight Fighter program
Lightweight programming language
Limbo (programming language)
Linear-fractional programming
Linear genetic programming
Linear programming
Linear programming decoding
Linear programming formulation
Linear programming relaxation
Lingo (programming language)
Lintas (TV program)
Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs
Linworth Alternative Program
Linz Program
Linz Program of 1882
Lisp (programming language)
LIS (programming language)
Lista Przebojw Programu Trzeciego
List of 20th Television programs
List of Amazon original programming
List of American public access television programs
List of American television programs
List of American television programs by debut date
List of American television programs currently in production
List of Animal Planet original programming
List of Apple TV+ original programming
List of audio programming languages
List of BBC children's television programmes
List of BBC Radio 4 programmes
List of BBC Radio programmes adapted for television
List of BBC regional news programmes
List of British television programmes
List of Burger King ad programs
List of CBS All Access original programming
List of C-family programming languages
List of Coke Studio (Pakistani TV program) episodes
List of college athletic programs in Alabama
List of college athletic programs in Alaska
List of college athletic programs in Arizona
List of college athletic programs in Arkansas
List of college athletic programs in California
List of college athletic programs in Colorado
List of college athletic programs in Connecticut
List of college athletic programs in Delaware
List of college athletic programs in Florida
List of college athletic programs in Hawaii
List of college athletic programs in Idaho
List of college athletic programs in Illinois
List of college athletic programs in Indiana
List of college athletic programs in Iowa
List of college athletic programs in Kansas
List of college athletic programs in Kentucky
List of college athletic programs in Louisiana
List of college athletic programs in Maine
List of college athletic programs in Maryland
List of college athletic programs in Massachusetts
List of college athletic programs in Michigan
List of college athletic programs in Minnesota
List of college athletic programs in Mississippi
List of college athletic programs in Missouri
List of college athletic programs in Montana
List of college athletic programs in Nebraska
List of college athletic programs in Nevada
List of college athletic programs in New Hampshire
List of college athletic programs in New Jersey
List of college athletic programs in New Mexico
List of college athletic programs in New York
List of college athletic programs in North Carolina
List of college athletic programs in North Dakota
List of college athletic programs in Ohio
List of college athletic programs in Oklahoma
List of college athletic programs in Oregon
List of college athletic programs in Pennsylvania
List of college athletic programs in Puerto Rico
List of college athletic programs in Rhode Island
List of college athletic programs in South Carolina
List of college athletic programs in South Dakota
List of college athletic programs in Tennessee
List of college athletic programs in Texas
List of college athletic programs in Utah
List of college athletic programs in Vermont
List of college athletic programs in Washington, D.C.
List of college athletic programs in Wisconsin
List of college athletic programs in Wyoming
List of comedy and variety television programs with LGBT cast members
List of concurrent and parallel programming languages
List of Crackle original programming
List of current youth hearing conservation programs
List of Discovery Channel original programming
List of Disney+ original programming
List of Disney TV programming blocks
List of doctoral programs in bioethics
List of dystopian music, TV programs, and games
List of educational programming languages
List of ended Netflix original programming
List of Eros Now original programming
List of European Space Agency programmes and missions
List of Explorers Program missions
List of Facebook Watch original programming
List of fantasy television programs
List of file-sharing programs for Linux and BSD
List of films and TV programs containing corporal punishment scenes
List of films based on television programs
List of Food Network original programming
List of frequent flyer programs
List of Frontline (American TV program) episodes
List of functional programming topics
List of George W. Bush legislation and programs
List of gifted and talented programmes
List of Globoplay original programming
List of GMTV programmes
List of government animal eradication programs
List of HBO Max original programming
List of HBO original programming
List of horror television programs
List of Hotstar original programming
List of Hulu original programming
List of human spaceflight programs
List of Impact Wrestling programming
List of iQIYI original programming
List of iWant TFC original programming
List of language self-study programs
List of Launch Services Program launches
List of Le original programming
List of Lifetime original programming
List of longest-running radio programmes
List of longest-running UK television programmes
List of Master of Laws programs
List of McDonald's ad programs
List of MGM Television programs
List of Microsoft Windows application programming interfaces and frameworks
List of most-listened-to radio programs
List of Nat Geo Wild original programming
List of National Geographic original programming
List of NBC Radio Network programs
List of NCAA Division II men's soccer programs
List of NCAA Division I men's soccer programs
List of NCAA Division I women's volleyball programs
List of NCAA men's volleyball programs
List of NCAA rifle programs
List of Nelvana programs
List of Netflix original programming
List of news and information television programs featuring LGBT subjects
List of Nick Jr. original programming
List of object-oriented programming languages
List of oceanographic institutions and programs
List of Peacock original programming
List of phonics programs
List of programmers
List of programming languages
List of programming languages by type
List of programming syndicated by iHeartMedia
List of program music
List of programs aired by AksyonTV/5 Plus
List of programs aired by Fox Filipino
List of programs aired by GMA Network
List of programs aired by Hero
List of programs aired by People's Television Network
List of programs aired by Q/GMA News TV
List of programs aired by Studio 23
List of programs aired by TeleRadyo
List of programs aired by TV5 (Philippine TV network)
List of programs distributed by American Public Television
List of programs on ESPN Radio
List of programs produced by ABC Signature
List of program transformation systems
List of Quibi original programming
List of Rage guest programmers
List of reality television programs
List of reality television programs with LGBT cast members
List of reflective programming languages and platforms
List of science fiction television programs
List of science fiction television programs, 09
List of Showtime original programming
List of Sohu original programming
List of Sony Pictures Television programs
List of special editions of Today (American TV program)
List of Starz original programming
List of Super Bowl lead-out programs
List of Syfy (French TV channel) programs
List of televised academic student quiz programs
List of television programmes in Estonia
List of television programmes set, produced or filmed in Manchester
List of television programs based on comics
List of television programs based on films
List of television programs based on Hasbro properties
List of television programs by episode count
List of television programs in which one character was played by multiple actors
List of television programs with the most Primetime Emmy Awards per ceremony
List of The Den programmes
List of The Sarah Silverman Program episodes
List of TLC original programming
List of Today programme guest editors
List of Travel Channel original programming
List of UK radio programmes
List of uncrewed spacecraft by program
List of Universal Television programs
List of U.S. radio programs
List of ViacomCBS television programs
List of Vladimir Putin legislation and programs
List of WarnerMedia television programs
List of Washington Journal programs aired in January 1995
List of WildBrain programs
List of WWE television programming
List of Xbox Entertainment Studios original programming
List of Yahoo! Screen original programming
List of Youku original programming
List of YouTube Premium original programming
Lists of college soccer programs
Lists of programming blocks
Lists of radio programs
Lists of space programs
Lists of television programs
Lists of television programs with LGBT characters
Literal (computer programming)
Literate programming
Little b (programming language)
Live and Kicking (Australian TV program)
Live at Five (Sky News programme)
Living (1954 TV program)
Living It Up (Philippine TV program)
Living Planet Programme
Local programming
Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning
Logic programming
Logie Award for Most Popular Australian Program
Logie Award for Most Popular Drama Program
Logie Award for Most Popular Entertainment Program
Logie Award for Most Popular Factual Program
Logie Award for Most Popular Lifestyle Program
Logie Award for Most Popular Panel or Current Affairs Program
Logie Award for Most Popular Reality Program
Logie Award for Most Popular Sports Program
Logo (programming language)
London Live (TV programme)
Long Range Strike Bomber program
Loose Ends (radio programme)
Lorraine (TV programme)
Los Angeles Police Department Cadet Program
Lose Control (TV programming block)
Love Bug (Philippine TV program)
Loveless Academic Magnet Program
Lovely Day (TV program)
Love to Love (TV program)
Low Carbon Building Programme
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program
Low-level programming language
Low-residency program
Low-threshold treatment programs
Loyalty program
Lua (programming language)
Lucid (programming language)
Luna programme
Lunar Orbiter program
Lunar prediction program of SUPARCO
Lunch Break (Philippine TV program)
Lunokhod programme
Lustre (programming language)
Lynx (programming language)
Maastricht Science Programme
MacArthur Fellows Program
Macintosh Programmer's Workshop
Made in America (TV program)
Made in Spain (TV program)
M.A.D. (Indian TV programme)
MAD (programming language)
Madventures (Finnish TV program)
Magellan Planet Search Program
Magic number (programming)
Magic (programming)
Magic: The Gathering Judge Program
Magik (programming language)
Mahaweli Development programme
Mahisasuramardini (radio programme)
Managed alcohol program
Man Alive (Canadian TV program)
Man and the Biosphere Programme
Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program
MA program in Transatlantic Studies, Jagiellonian University
Marian (TV program)
Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
Marine Corps Prepositioning Program-Norway
Mariner program
Market Access Program
Marketplace (Canadian TV program)
Marketplace (Irish TV programme)
Marketplace (radio program)
Mark Harris (programmer)
Mars Exploration Program
Marshall University Forensic Science Graduate Program
Mars program
Martin Bashir (TV program)
Martin Bryant (programmer)
Mary (programming language)
Masonic Child Identification Programs
Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program
Master gardener program
Master Instructor Continuing Education Program
Matanglawin (TV program)
Matchday programme
Mathematical Olympiad Program
Mathematical program
Mathematical Programming
Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints
Matthew Smith (games programmer)
Maximum programme
Maynila (TV program)
McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program
McGuire programme
McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program
MDL (programming language)
MDMS program
Measuring programming language popularity
MEDIA sub-programme of Creative Europe
Media Watch (TV program)
Medicaid Drug Rebate Program
Medical Scientist Training Program
Medical Tactical Training Program
Medvedev modernisation programme
Meet the Press (Australian TV program)
Megatons to Megawatts Program
Melissa Harris-Perry (TV program)
Memory model (programming)
Memory of the World Programme
Mercury (programming language)
Merola Opera Program
Merry-Go-Round (radio programme)
Mesa Distance Learning Program
Mesa (programming language)
Metaprogramming
Method (computer programming)
Methods of neuro-linguistic programming
Metropolis (American TV program)
Metro (TV program)
MFi Program
Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang (TV program)
Michael Ball (TV programme)
Michael Seifert (programmer)
Michigan Education Savings Program
Micronutrient Fortification Programs
Midday (Australian TV program)
Midday (Canadian TV program)
Midwest Program on Airborne Television Instruction
MIIS (programming language)
Militant Liberty: A Program of Evaluation and Assessment of Freedom
Military Intelligence Civilian Excepted Career Program
Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme
Millennium Communities Programme
Million Dollar Challenge (TV program)
Million Programme
Minification (programming)
Minimalist program
Minimal model program
Minimum Foundation Program
Minimum programme
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
Minnesota Artists Exhibition Program
Minnesota Rail Service Improvement Program
Minor Use Animal Drug Program
Miranda (programming language)
Missing (2003 TV program)
Mission Command Training Program
Mitchell-Lama Housing Program
MIT Program in Art, Culture and Technology
MlAl tank coproduction program in Egypt
ML (programming language)
MML (programming language)
Mobile Robot Programming Toolkit
Mob programming
Model Cities Program
Modernising Government Programme
Modified 5th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
Modular programming
Monad (functional programming)
Mondo Macabro (TV programme)
Money (Australian TV program)
Money Box (radio programme)
Money for Nothing (TV programme)
Monitor (American TV program)
Monitor (British TV programme)
Monitor (radio program)
Montezuma (TV programme)
Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program
Mooney (radio programme)
Morning Call (TV program)
Morning Edition (Irish TV programme)
Morning Exchange (TV programme)
Morning Glory (TV programme)
Moses (TV programme)
Motorcycle Diaries (TV program)
Motormouth (American TV program)
Motor program
Mouse (programming language)
Movie Guide (TV program)
MPD (programming language)
MPEG program stream
MRAP Armor Weight Reduction Spiral (MAWRS) Program
MTB (TV program)
MTV Live (American TV program)
MTV Live (Canadian TV program)
MTV News (Canadian TV program)
MTV Unplugged (Indian TV program)
Multilateral Interoperability Programme
Multimedia University Engineering Society Overseas Research Programme
Multi-objective linear programming
Multi-Platform Radar Technology Insertion Program
Multiprogram Research Facility
Multi-stage programming
Munshi (TV programme)
Murder (American TV program)
MUSCULAR (surveillance program)
Music programmes on the BBC Asian Network
Music programs of South Korea
Music Time (TV programme)
Music to See (1957 TV program)
Music to See (1970 TV program)
Mussel Watch Program
Mya (program)
My Music (radio programme)
My Name Is Barbra (TV program)
My Name is... (TV program)
MYSTIC (surveillance program)
Naale program
Name program
Name resolution (programming languages)
Naming convention (programming)
NAMM Oral History Program
Nancy Grace (TV program)
Nancy Program
Narcotics Rewards Program
NASA Advanced Space Transportation Program
NASA Art Program
NASA ERAST Program
Nathan Adams (programmer)
National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program
National Agriculture Imagery Program
National AIDS Control Programme
National Animal Germplasm Program
National Antarctic Program
National Antarctic Research Program
National Assessment Program Literacy and Numeracy
National Association of Television Program Executives
National Astrophysics and Space Science Programme
National Atmospheric Deposition Program
National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs
National Coastal Zone Management Program
National Council for Prescription Drug Programs
National Diabetes Education Program
National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
National Digital Library Program
National Digital Newspaper Program
National Digital Preservation Program
National Energy Program
National Flood Insurance Program
National Fluid Milk Processor Promotion Program
National Immunisation Program Schedule
National Industrial Security Program
National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Training Program
National Malaria Eradication Program
National Marrow Donor Program
National Merit Scholarship Program
National Neighborhood Watch Program
National Organic Program
National Outreach Programme
National Poverty Eradication Programme
National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning
National Program Office
National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program
National Resident Matching Program
National Sea Grant College Program
National Search and Rescue Program
National Security Education Program
National Service Programme
National Service Training Programme (Malaysia)
National Social Investment Program
National Socialist Program
National Space Development Program (Philippines)
National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program
National Space Program (Algeria)
National TB Elimination Program (India)
National Toxicology Program
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program
Nationwide (Irish TV programme)
Nationwide (TV programme)
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program
Natural-language programming
Nature (TV program)
NB (TV programme)
NCAA March Madness (TV program)
NCUA Corporate Stabilization Program
Near East and South Asia Undergraduate Exchange Program
Needle and syringe programmes
Need to Know (TV program)
Neighbourhood Management Pathfinder Programme
Neonatal Resuscitation Program
Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programmes
Network Control Program
Network Crack Program Hacker Group
Network programming
Neuro-linguistic programming
Neuroscience Research Program
New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program
New Car Assessment Program
Newcastle Programme
New Day (TV program)
New Dimension programme
New Frontiers program
New Jersey Scholars Program
New Jersey student loan program
New Millennium Program
Newsbeat (Irish TV programme)
Newsbeat (Philippine TV program)
News Central (TV program)
Newsday (radio programme)
Newsday (TV programme)
Newshour (2006 TV programme)
News Hour (Canadian TV program)
Newsline (Thai TV program)
News Magazine (TV program)
News Night (Philippine TV program)
Newspeak (programming language)
News program
NewsWatch (American TV program)
Newswatch (British TV programme)
NewsWatch (Philippine TV program)
Newsweek (TV program)
Newt (programming library)
New York Times College Scholarship Program
New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme
NHL Network (1975 TV program)
Nickelodeon Animated Shorts Program
Nickelodeon Saturday programming block
Nick Hits (TV programming block)
Nick Jr. (TV programming block)
Nickle (programming language)
Nicktoons (French TV programming block)
Nightline (Australian TV program)
Nightline (New Zealand TV programme)
Night Shift (Irish TV programme)
NIH Intramural Research Program
NIL (programming language)
Nimbus program
Nim (programming language)
Nineteen Eighty-Four (British TV programme)
Nintendo 64 programming characteristics
Noise (TV programming block)
Nondeterministic programming
Non-English-based programming languages
Nonlinear programming
Non-structured programming
Nord Programming Language
North American Bird Banding Program
North American Bird Phenology Program
North American Carbon Program
North American collegiate sustainability programs
North Carolina Area Health Education Centers Program
North Carolina LINKS Program
Northern Life (TV program)
Northern Periphery Programme
Noticias Telemundo (TV program)
Nova (American TV program)
NPL (programming language)
Nuclear Power 2010 Program
Nuclear power programme in Pakistan
Nuclear programme of South Africa
Nuclear program of Egypt
Nuclear program of Iran
Nuclear program of Saudi Arabia
Nunavut Teacher Education Program
Nutrition Education and Training Program
N-version programming
Nyquist (programming language)
Oak (programming language)
Oberon (programming language)
Object-oriented programming
Object-Oriented Programming in Common Lisp
Object type (object-oriented programming)
OBJ (programming language)
Obojeni Program
Obra (TV program)
Occam (programming language)
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
Office of Global Programs
Office of Justice Programs
Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability
Office of the Program Manager, Saudi Arabian National Guard Modernization Program
Office of Workers' Compensation Programs
Off-line programming (robotics)
Oil-for-Food Programme
OJ (programming tool)
Olympic Legacy Program
Omnibus (American TV program)
Omnibus (British TV programme)
Onda Verde (radio program)
OneBeat (music program)
One-liner program
One Plus One (TV program)
Only Human (TV programme)
Ontario Deposit Return Program
Ontario Disability Support Program
Ontario Global Edge Program
Ontario Software Acquisition Program Advisory Committee
Ontario Student Assistance Program
On the Ball (British TV programme)
On the Money (2005 TV program)
On the Money (2013 TV program)
On the Money (Canadian TV program)
On the Money (Philippine TV program)
On the Record (American TV program)
On the Record (British TV programme)
On the Run Tour: Beyonc and Jay-Z (TV program)
On the Spot (Australian TV program)
Opal (programming language)
Open Door (TV programme)
Open Hearing (American TV program)
Open Hearing (Australian TV program)
Open House (Irish TV programme)
Open License Program
Open Programming Language
Open Space (TV programme)
Open World Program
Operational Programme Italy Maritime France 2007 2013
Operation Breakthrough (program)
Operator (computer programming)
Opposing Views (TV program)
Oracle Certification Program
Orbital Space Plane Program
ORCA (quantum chemistry program)
Orc (programming language)
Orderly Departure Program
Original programming
Origins Program
Orthogonality (programming)
OU Citizen Science Soil Collection Program
Oulu University Secure Programming Group
Our World (1967 TV program)
Our World (1986 TV program)
Outline of computer programming
Outlook (radio programme)
Outnumbered (American TV program)
Out of Control (2013 TV program)
Out to Lunch (TV program)
Overlay (programming)
Oversight of the Troubled Asset Relief Program
Over-the-air programming
Over the Edge (radio program)
Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program
Owner-controlled insurance program
Ox (programming language)
Oxygene (programming language)
Oz (programming language)
Pacific Regional Environment Programme
Paid Programming (TV pilot)
Pair programming
Pakistan Antarctic Programme
Pakistani missile research and development program
Pakistan Technical Assistance Programme
PAL (programming language)
Panorama (British TV programme)
Panorama (Polish TV program)
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
Paradigms of AI Programming
Parallel programming model
Parameter (computer programming)
Parametric programming
Parent education program
Parser (programming language)
Pascal (programming language)
Pathways Programs
Pat Roberts Intelligence Scholars Program
Pat Sullivan (programmer)
Pattern Languages of Programs
Paul Davis (programmer)
Paul Graham (programmer)
Paul Henry (TV programme)
Paycheck Protection Program
Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act
Peacekeeping training programme
Peak programme meter
Peanut Price Support Program
PEARL (programming language)
Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program
Pentagon military analyst program
Pentagon Renovation Program
People to People Student Ambassador Program
Peripheral Interchange Program
Perlman Music Program
Perl Programming Documentation
Personal Column (TV program)
Personnel Reliability Program
Pesticide Recordkeeping Program
Peston (TV programme)
Pharmacovigilance Programme of India
Phenomenon (TV program)
Philip Morris External Research Program
PhilippinesAustralia Community Assistance Program
Philippine Scientific Earth Observation Microsatellite program
Philippine space program
Phobos program
Phoenix Program
Physicians for a National Health Program
PickSloan Missouri Basin Program
Pico (programming language)
Pict (programming language)
Picture This (American TV program)
Pike (programming language)
Pilar Barbosa Education Program
Pilot Proficiency Award Program
Pimsleur Language Programs
Pin (computer program)
Pinnacle (TV program)
Pinocchio (1957 TV program)
Pinocchio (1976 TV program)
Pioneer program
Pizza (programming language)
Planetary Missions Program Office
Planetary Observer program
Planner (program)
Planner (programming language)
Players (2002 TV program)
PLEX (programming language)
PLO's Ten Point Program
Plumber (program)
Plus (programming language)
PM (Australian radio program)
Pointer (computer programming)
Point Four Program
Points of View (TV programme)
Polaris (UK nuclear programme)
Polar Security Cutter program
Polish Studies Program at the University of WisconsinMadison
Polskie Radio Program I
Polskie Radio Program II
Polskie Radio Program III
Polskie Radio Program IV
Poltergeist (computer programming)
Polymorphic Programming Language
Portal:Computer programming
Portals network programming application programming interface
Postbaccalaureate program
Postgraduate Certificate Program in Art Crime and Cultural Heritage Protection
Post Graduate Programme for Executives for Visionary Leadership in Manufacturing (PGPEX-VLM)
Potentially unwanted program
Pot o' Gold (radio program)
Poverty alleviation programmes in India
Powered Scooter Share Permit Program
PowerHouse (programming language)
Power Play (2009 TV program)
Power Play (Dutch TV program)
PowWow (chat program)
PR1ME Mathematics Teaching Programme
Praise (TV program)
Premiere (TV program)
Prescription monitoring program
Presentation program
President's Education Awards Program
President's Surveillance Program
Presidential Management Fellows Program
Presidential Scholars Program
Press Conference (TV program)
Pretrial Intervention Program
Pretrial services programs
Priesthood Correlation Program
Prime Minister's Youth Programme
Prime News (American TV program)
Prime Suspect (American TV program)
Primetime (American TV program)
Prime Time (Canadian TV program)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Competition Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Contemporary Hairstyling for a Variety, Nonfiction or Reality Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Contemporary Makeup for a Variety, Nonfiction or Reality Program (Non-Prosthetic)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction, or Reality Programming
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Documentary/Nonfiction Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Competition Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Structured Reality or Competition Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Contemporary Program (One Hour or More)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Period or Fantasy Program (One Hour or More)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Program (Half-Hour or Less)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Animated Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Nonfiction or Reality Program (Single or Multi-Camera)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Nonfiction or Reality Program (Single or Multi-Camera)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Structured Reality Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Stunt Coordination for a Comedy Series or Variety Program
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Nonfiction Programming
Prime Time (Irish TV programme)
Prince Albert alternative education programs
Princess Protection Program
Priority Enforcement Program
PRISM (surveillance program)
Private landowner assistance program
Privatization (computer programming)
Probabilistic programming
Probe (Philippine TV program)
Procedural programming
Process decision program chart
Processing (programming language)
Process-oriented programming
Profiling (computer programming)
Proggy programming fonts
Program
Program 973
Programa de Acelerao do Crescimento
Programa do J
Programa Nacional de Poblacin
Program analysis
Program and System Information Protocol
Program animation
Programa Sade da Famlia
Program-associated data
ProgramByDesign
Program chain
Program comprehension
Program counter
Program dependence graph
Program director
Program evaluation
Program evaluation and review technique
Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
Program executive officer
Program Files
Program for Action
Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison
Program (German non-profit)
Program information file
Program in Liberal Medical Education
Program lifecycle phase
Programma 101
Programmable Array Logic
Programmable calculator
Programmable communicating thermostat
Programmable controller
Programmable-gain amplifier
Programmable interrupt controller
Programmable interval timer
Programmable load
Programmable logic array
Programmable logic controller
Programmable logic device
Programmable magnet
Programmable matter
Programmable metallization cell
Programmable ROM
Programmable sound generator
Programmable thermostat
Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly
ProgrammableWeb
Program (machine)
Programma International
Program management
Program Manager
Programme (booklet)
Programme budgeting
Programme commun
Programmed
Programme d'eau potable et d'assainissement du Millnaire
Programmed Airline Reservations System
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed Data Processor
Programme Delivery Control
Programmed fuel injection
Programmed (Innerzone Orchestra album)
Programmed inputoutput
Programmed learning
Programmed to Consume
Programmed to Love
Programme for International Student Assessment
Programme for International Student Assessment (2000 to 2012)
Programme for Research in Third Level Institutions
Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
Programme level
Programme One
Programmer
Programmer's key
Programmer and Operator Productivity Aid
Programmer art
Programmer (hardware)
Programmes and stakeholders relations
Programme Towards the Elimination of the worst forms of Child Labour
Programming by demonstration
Programming by permutation
Programming complexity
Programming Computable Functions
Programming ethics
Programming game
Programming Historian
Programming idiom
Programming in the large and programming in the small
Programming language
Programming Language Design and Implementation
Programming Language for Business
Programming language reference
Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation
Programming language specification
Programming language theory
Programming (music)
Programming paradigm
Programming Perl
Programming productivity
Programming Ruby
Programming style
Programming the Nation?
Programming the Z80
Programming tool
Programming with Big Data in R
Program music
Program of Activities
Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly
Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Program on Energy Efficiency in Artisanal Brick Kilns in Latin America to Mitigate Climate Change
Program on Information Resources Policy
Program on International Policy Attitudes
Program on Negotiation
Program on Vehicle and Mobility Innovation
Program optimization
Program process monitoring
Program Segment Prefix
Programs Evaluation Office
Program slicing
Programs of political parties in Armenia
Program-specific information
Program status word
Program structure tree
Program synthesis
Program temporary fix
Program trading
Program transformation
Program X
Protected Natural Areas Programme
Protocol (object-oriented programming)
Prototype-based programming
Provincial Nomination Program
Provincial Resource Program for Autism and Related Disorders
Psychology of programming
PTV News (TV program)
PublicPrivate Investment Program for Legacy Assets
Public Sector Management Program
Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program
Pulseprogramming
Purely functional programming
Pure (programming language)
Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is (TV programme)
Pyrex (programming language)
Python (programming language)
Qatar Genome Programme
Quadratically constrained quadratic program
Quadratic programming
Quality of Life Program 2020 (Saudi Arabia)
Quantum programming
Quarantine (antivirus program)
Qu chulada! (TV program)
Question Mark (TV program)
Question Period (TV program)
Questions and Answers (TV programme)
Question Time (TV programme)
Quickfire (TV program)
Quick Start Programme
"Hello, World!" program
Racket (programming language)
Radio program
Radio Programas del Per
Radio Programas de Mxico
Radio Spectrum Policy Programme
Rage (TV program)
Rail Clearways Program
Raku (programming language)
Random-access stored-program machine
Range (computer programming)
Ranger program
Rank (computer programming)
Rank (J programming language)
Rapid Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
Rapport (TV programme)
Raquel! (TV program)
Ratnik (program)
RC 4000 multiprogramming system
Reality Check (program)
Reality legal programming
Real Life (TV program)
Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal
Real-Time Multiprogramming Operating System
Real-time Programming Language
Reason (programming language)
Rebeca (programming language)
Recognition and Prevention Program
Recreational Trails Program
Red Hat Certification Program
Red (programming language)
Red Seal Program
Reduced fare program
Reflective programming
Refuge Water Supply Program
Regional language programmes on the BBC Asian Network
Relay program
Religious emblems programs
Religious emblems programs (Boy Scouts of America)
Religious program specialist
Remote Initial Program Load
Rendered (radio program)
Reporters (TV programme)
Reprogramming
Rescue (Philippine TV program)
Research program
Reserve Educational Assistance Program
Residential Drug Abuse Program
Responsibilities Program
Return-oriented programming
Reuters Digital Vision Program
Revealed (Australian TV program)
Revealed (British TV programme)
Rewards for Justice Program
Rewrite (programming)
Ring of Fire (radio program)
Ripley's Believe It or Not! (Philippine TV program)
Rip Off Britain (TV programme)
RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
Robert Bosch Foundation Fellowship Program
Robert Carr (programmer)
Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program
Robust fuzzy programming
Roger Gregory (programmer)
Rogue Traders (TV programme)
Role-oriented programming
Roll program
ROOP (programming language)
Rough Justice (British TV programme)
Roundabout (TV program)
RPL (programming language)
R (programming language)
RT programme classifications
RT Young People's Programming
Ruby (programming language)
Rule of three (computer programming)
Rule of three (C++ programming)
Runtime (program lifecycle phase)
Rural Education and Development Programme
Russian bounty program
Rust (programming language)
Ryerson University Entrepreneurship Program
S2 (programming language)
S3 (programming language)
SA-C (programming language)
SAC programming language
Sacrifice (TV program)
SafeCare (programme)
SafeClear Program
Safeguard Program
Safety House Program
SAIL (programming language)
SAKO (programming language)
Sale el Sol (TV program)
Salyut programme
SAMHSA National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices (NREPP)
SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd
SASL (programming language)
Satellite Program Network
Saturday Live (British TV program)
Saturday Live (British TV programme)
Saturday Review (radio programme)
Sawzall (programming language)
SBA ARC Loan Program
SC6 (TV program)
Scala (programming language)
Scheme (programming language)
Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)
Science Focus Program
Science in Action (radio programme)
Scientific Research and Experimental Development Tax Credit Program
SCORPION program
Scramjet programs
Scrappage program
Scratch (programming language)
Scripps Research Institute Graduate Program
Seafarers' Assistance Programme
Sea Rescue (TV program)
Searle Scholars Program
Second audio program
Second Chance Program
Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece
Second-generation programming language
Second-order cone programming
Secret Life of (2013 TV programme)
Secure file transfer program
Self (programming language)
Semaphore (programming)
Semidefinite programming
Semi-infinite programming
Senior Community Service Employment Program
Sentry program
Septemberprogramm
Sequential linear-quadratic programming
Sequential quadratic programming
Server Application Programming Interface
Service-oriented programming
Set theoretic programming
Seychelles International Repatriation Onward Program
SHAD (summer program)
Shakespeare Programming Language
Shape analysis (program analysis)
Share the Wealth (radio program)
Sharpe's Eagle (TV programme)
Sharpe's Gold (TV programme)
Sharpe's Revenge (TV programme)
Sharpe's Rifles (TV programme)
Sharpe's Siege (TV programme)
Shenzhou program
Shift (radio program)
Shimer College Core Program
Ship for Southeast Asian and Japanese Youth Program
Ship-Submarine Recycling Program
Shishi (TV program)
Shopping TVA (TV program)
Short program
Short program (figure skating)
Short Program (manga)
Short Term Export Credit Guarantee Program
Shoulder programming
Show Me the Money (British TV programme)
Shukriya (TV program)
ShuttleMir program
SIESTA (computer program)
Sigil (computer programming)
SIGNAL (programming language)
Signature program
Sigreturn-oriented programming
Simple programmable logic device
Simply Beautiful (TV program)
Sinatra The Main Event (TV program)
Sinatra (TV program)
Singapore Cooperation Programme
Sixty Minutes (British TV programme)
SK1 (program)
Skeleton (computer programming)
Sky Knight Helicopter Program
SKYNET (surveillance program)
SLIP (programming language)
Smak (TV program)
Small matter of programming
Smoking cessation programs in Canada
Snap Judgment (radio program)
Snap Judgment (TV program)
Snap! (programming language)
Snippet (programming)
Snowball (programming language)
Social Assistance Program For Vietnam
Social programmes in Sri Lanka
Social programs in Canada
Social Programs in India
Social Welfare Programs in South Africa
Socrates programme
Soil Bank Program
Solar Terrestrial Probes program
Some Assembly Required (radio program)
Something for the Weekend (TV programme)
Sommar (radio program)
Songbird (TV program)
SOP (TV program)
Soundboard (computer program)
Soundcheck (radio program)
South African National Antarctic Programme
South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme
South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan and Program
Southern Oral History Program
South Sinai regional development programme
Soviet biological weapons program
Soviet crewed lunar programs
Soviet space program
Soyuz programme
Space Communications and Navigation Program
Space programme of Kenya
Space Shuttle program
Space Situational Awareness Programme
Space Test Program
SpaceX Mars program
SpaceX reusable launch system development program
Spare the Air program
SPARK (programming language)
SpeakOut (TV program)
Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development
Special access program
Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour
Special Assistance Program (Australian education)
Special EU Programmes Body
Special Power Excursion Reactor Test Program
Special Programme on Human Reproduction
Special Report (TV program)
Spectrometric Oil Analysis Program
Speeders (TV program)
Spencer Kimball (computer programmer)
Splint (programming tool)
Spoon (TV program)
Sports Desk (Philippine TV program)
SportsNation (TV program)
Sports Tonight (American TV program)
Sports Tonight (Irish TV programme)
Sportsworld (radio programme)
Spotlight (BBC Northern Ireland TV programme)
Spotlight (Canadian TV program)
Spot On (TV programme)
SPOT (TSA program)
S (programming language)
Sputnik (TV programme)
SQL programming tool
Square dance program
Squirrel (programming language)
SR (programming language)
S/SL programming language
Stable Image Platform Program
Stack-oriented programming
Stairway to Stardom (1950 TV program)
Standalone program
Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments
Standards in Public Office (TV programme)
Standard Test and Programming Language
Stand Up and Cheer (TV program)
Stanford Institutes of Medicine Summer Research Program
Stanford Joint Program in Design
Star Awards for Best Programme Host
Star of the Family (TV program)
Static program analysis
Statute Law Revision Programme
Stay Tooned! (TV programme)
STELLA (programming language)
Sterling (program)
Steve Gibson (computer programmer)
Steve Turner (game programmer)
Stochastic dynamic programming
Stochastic programming
Stone Beit Midrash Program
Stored-program computer
Stored program control
Storm the Studio (radio program)
Storytime (TV programme)
Story (TV programme)
Straight from the Shoulder (TV program)
Strategic Hamlet Program
Strategic Indigenous Housing and Infrastructure Program
Strategic Sealift Officer Program
Street Artists Program of San Francisco
Street Signs (TV program)
Strict programming language
Strip programming
Strong programme
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
Structured programming
Structured program theorem
Student and Exchange Visitor Program
Student exchange program
Student Sponsorship Programme South Africa
Studio 7 (TV program)
Studio One (Emirati TV program)
Stumped (radio programme)
Subject-oriented programming
Subterranean (TV program)
Subtext (programming language)
Successive linear programming
Summer Enrichment Program
Summer lunch programs in public libraries
Summer reading programs
Summer Science Program
Summertime (TV programme)
Sunday (Australian TV program)
Sunday Edition (Canadian TV program)
Sunday Funday (TV program)
Sunday Morning Live (British TV programme)
Sunday (New Zealand TV programme)
Sunday Night (American TV program)
Sunday Night (Australian TV program)
Sunrise (Australian TV program)
Sunrise (British TV programme)
Sunrise (New Zealand TV programme)
Superband (TV program)
Super Bowl counterprogramming
SUPER (computer program)
Superfund Research Program
Superstar (Philippine TV program)
Superstars (American TV program)
Super Sunday (British TV programme)
Super Tuesday (TV program)
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Support programs for OS/360 and successors
Surface Water Simulation Modelling Programme
Surveyor program
Sustaining program
Swap (computer programming)
Swedish nuclear weapons program
Swift (programming language)
Swig Program in Jewish Studies and Social Justice
Swing Easy (TV program)
Symbol (programming)
Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming
Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages
Synchronous programming language
Syntax (programming languages)
Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program
Synthetic Programming (HP-41)
Syria chemical weapons program
Syrian Vulnerable Person Resettlement Programme
System programming language
Systems programming
Systems Programming Language
Tabloid (TV program)
Tacit programming
TACPOL (programming language)
Tactical Leadership Programme
Taiji Program in Space
Taipei Youth Program Association
Take-home naloxone program
Talent Identification Program
Talkback (radio programme)
Talkback (TV program)
Talk:File-sharing program
Talk:Kiten (program)
Talk:Real Programmer
Talpiot program
Targeting Ultra Poor (TUP) Program - The Graduation Approach
Tauros Programme
Tax Credit Assistance Program
Taylor Opportunity Program for Students
TCB (TV program)
Teaching and Learning Research Programme
Tea (programming language)
TeenNick (Indian TV programming block)
Telematics for Libraries Program
Telephony Application Programming Interface
Telephony Server Application Programming Interface
Television program creator
Television Programs of America
Template metaprogramming
Temporal Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
Temporary foreign worker program in Canada
Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program
Ten Point Program
Ten-Point Program
Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country
Terminate and stay resident program
Terrorist Surveillance Program
Text Executive Programming Language
TFX Program
TG4 (TV program)
TGIF (TV programming block)
Thameslink Programme
That's Entertainment (Emirati TV program)
That's Entertainment (Philippine TV program)
The Adam Carolla Show (radio program)
The Africans (radio program)
The Art of Computer Programming
The Art of Unix Programming
The Avengers (TV programme)
The Beat (Philippine TV program)
The Big Beat (TV program)
The Big Breakfast (Canadian TV program)
The Big Story (TV program)
The Blame Game (British TV programme)
The Blitz (TV program)
The Bottom Line (radio programme)
The Boys from Boise (TV program)
The Briefcase (Australian TV program)
The Business (TV program)
The Caf (New Zealand TV programme)
The Call (American TV program)
The Children's Hour (TV program)
The Circle (TV program)
The Code (British TV programme)
The Computer Programme
The Correspondents (TV program)
The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
The C Programming Language
The C++ Programming Language
The Current (radio program)
The Dave Garroway Show (TV program)
The Dave Ramsey Show (radio program)
The Dave Ramsey Show (TV program)
The Day the Music Died (radio programme)
The Deal (American TV program)
The Decision (TV program)
The Den (TV programme)
The Derelict Crab Trap Program
The Devil You Know (TV program)
The Dinah Shore Show (radio program)
The Dome (TV program)
The Edge (CNBC TV program)
The Edge (Fox News TV program)
The Elements of Programming Style
The English Access Microscholarship Program
The Essentials (TV program)
The Film Programme
The Film programme
The Final Programme (film)
The First Nighter Program
The First-Year Experience Program
The Five Mysteries Program
The Food Programme
The Footy Show (1957 TV program)
The Forum (radio programme)
The Frank Sinatra Show (radio program)
The Frontline (Irish TV programme)
The Fruit & Veggie Prescription Program
Theft or bribery concerning programs receiving Federal funds
The Fullbridge Program
The Gift (2007 TV program)
The Girlie Show (British TV programme)
The Goddamn George Liquor Program
The Hour (2009 TV programme)
The House (radio program)
The Howard Stern Show (1990 TV program)
The Hub (TV programme)
The Inn (TV program)
The Insider (TV program)
The Inside Story (TV program)
The Inventors (Australian TV program)
The Jack Benny Program
The Journal (Canadian TV program)
The Jumbo Fire Chief Program
The Late News (British TV programme)
The Late Show (British TV programme)
The Late Show (radio program)
The LIFE Programme
The Link (TV program)
The List (Canadian TV program)
The Live Desk (American TV program)
The Live Desk (British TV programme)
The Match (TV programme)
The Mercury Program
The Message (Philippine TV program)
The Money Programme
The More You Know (TV programming block)
The Morning Show (Canadian TV program)
The Morning Show (TV program)
THE multiprogramming system
The National (TV program)
The Nightshift (TV programme)
The Old Negro Space Program
The Olmsted Scholar Program
The One and Only (TV programme)
The One (TV program)
The Palace (computer program)
The Pax Program
The Pitch (TV programme)
The Pledge (British TV programme)
The Pragmatic Programmer
The Premiership (TV programme)
The Program
The Program Exchange
The Programme
The Project (Australian TV program)
The Project (New Zealand TV programme)
The Promised Land (radio program)
The Rachel Maddow Show (radio program)
The Racket (radio program)
The Raleigh Cigarette Program
The Real Story (radio programme)
The Real Story (TV program)
The Revolution (TV program)
The Rundown (Philippine TV program)
The Rundown (Singaporean TV program)
The Sarah Silverman Program
The Saturday Show (Swedish radio program)
The Score (Philippine TV program)
These Are Special Times (TV program)
The Shock (TV program)
The Sixties (TV program)
The Social (Canadian TV program)
The Spirit of Christmas (TV program)
Thessaloniki Programme
The Strand (radio programme)
The Successor (TV program)
The Sweet Life (TV program)
The Tao of Programming
The Technical Cooperation Program
The Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy
The Time Is Now (radio program)
The Times (TV program)
The Tonight Show (Irish TV programme)
The Travel Show (TV programme)
The Trend (TV programme)
The Truth Is (TV program)
The UAE Research Program for Rain Enhancement Science
The University Transition Program
The Unix Programming Environment
The Verdict (Australian TV program)
The Victory Garden (TV program)
The View (Irish TV programme)
The Vikings (radio program)
The Way It Is (radio programme)
The Way It Is (TV program)
The Weekend News (Philippine TV program)
The Wire (radio program)
The Word (radio programme)
The Works (American TV program)
The Works (Irish TV programme)
The World (radio program)
The World Today (Philippine TV program)
The World Today (radio programme)
The World Tonight (Philippine TV program)
The World (TV program)
The Worst Journey in the World (TV programme)
Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program
Third Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece
Third-generation programming language
This Afternoon (TV program)
This (computer programming)
This I Believe (TV program)
This Is Hell (radio program)
This Morning (TV programme)
This Week (1956 TV programme)
This Week (2003 TV programme)
This Week (American TV program)
Thread block (CUDA programming)
Three-North Shelter Forest Program
Thue (programming language)
Tiangong program
Tim Anderson (programmer)
Time-bound programmes for the eradication of the worst forms of child labour
Time (British TV programme)
Timeline of programming languages
Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program
Timeline of the nuclear program of Iran
Timeline of the Republic of China's nuclear program
TINA (program)
Title-V Graduate Programs
Tobacco Price Support Program
Today (American TV program)
Today (Australian TV program)
Today Tonight (Irish TV programme)
Toi (programming language)
Tom Hudson (programmer)
Tom Miller (computer programmer)
Tom Savini's Special Make-Up Effects Program
Tonight (1957 TV programme)
Tonight (1999 TV programme)
Toonami (Australian TV programming block)
Top 10 (Canadian TV program)
Top Billing (TV programme)
Topfield Application Program
Top Gear (radio programme)
Topik Petang (TV program)
Top Ten (American TV program)
Total functional programming
Total Request Live (Italian TV program)
To the Point (TV program)
Touchline (TV program)
Toy program
T (programming language)
TRAC (programming language)
Traffic (conservation programme)
Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors
Train-and-equip program
Trait (computer programming)
Transbus Program
Transgender HIV/AIDS Prevention Program
Transient (computer programming)
Transition Assistance Program
Translation unit (programming)
Transmigration program
Transmission (TV programme)
Trauma Quality Improvement Program
Traveler Redress Inquiry Program
Travelogue (TV program)
Trident (UK nuclear programme)
Tri-Institutional MDPhD Program
Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine
Trimming (computer programming)
Tripartite Programme
Triple P (parenting program)
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program
Troubled Asset Relief Program
Trusted Foundry Program
Tuberculosis control programme of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Tucker (2005 TV program)
Tuition Assistance Program
Turing (programming language)
Turning Point (TV program)
Turnkey asset management program
TVyNovelas Award for Best Comedy Program
TVyNovelas Award for Best Program of Pay Television
Tweak programming environment
Twelve-step program
Twogether (TV program)
TXL (programming language)
T-X program
Type-in program
UAW-Ford National Programs Center
UC Berkeley UCSF Joint Medical Program
UCLA IMG Program
UK National Quantum Technologies Programme
Undercurrents (TV program)
Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program
Underneath the Arches (radio programme)
Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs
Understanding Islam (TV program)
Unicon (programming language)
Uniface (programming language)
Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program
Unifying Theories of Programming
United Kingdom Climate Change Programme
United Kingdom government austerity programme
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
United Nations REDD Programme
United Nations World Food Programme in Myanmar
UNITY (programming language)
Universal Immunisation Programme
University Degree Program
University Nanosatellite Program
University of Florida forensic science distance education program
University of Minnesota Talented Youth Mathematics Program
University of Montenegro Autonomous study program for teacher training in Albanian language
University of Texas at Dallas academic programs
University of Valle Publishing Program
University Partnerships Programme
University Scholars Program
University Transportation Centers Program
Unmanned Combat Air System Demonstrator program
Unsolved (British TV programme)
Unusual Suspects (TV program)
Upbeat (TV program)
Updates (TV program)
Uppsala Conflict Data Program
Up (TV program)
Ur (programming language)
U.S. Army World Class Athlete Program
U.S. Climate Change Technology Program
U.S. Committee for the United Nations Development Program
User Direct Access Programming Library
Us Girls (TV program)
U.S. Global Change Research Program
USPS Post Office Box Lobby Recycling program
U.S. reclassification program
U.S. Sugar Program
Vaccines for Children Program
Vala (programming language)
Valence bond programs
Value-level programming
Vanities (TV program)
Vega program
Velocity prediction program
Very high-level programming language
Victoria Derbyshire (TV programme)
Videogame Nation (TV programme)
Video game programmer
Video game programming
Video loco (Chilean TV program)
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
Viewpoint (Australian TV program)
Viewpoint (Philippine TV program)
Viking program
Vilma (Philippine TV program)
Violent Criminal Apprehension Program
Virtual Control Program Interface
Virtual Programming (company)
Virtuosos (TV program)
Virtus (program)
Visa Waiver Program
Visual programming language
Volatile (computer programming)
Voluntary Protection Program
Voluntary Protection Programs Participants' Association
Voskhod programme
Vostok programme
Voyager (library program)
Voyager program
Voyager program (Mars)
W5 (TV program)
Wage Earner Protection Program Act
Wake Up Call (2002 TV program)
Wanted (1955 TV program)
Wanted (2013 TV program)
War Emergency Programme destroyers
Wartime Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
Washington Natural Areas Program
Waste & Resources Action Programme
Watchdog (TV programme)
Water and Sanitation Program
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Monitoring Program
Weaponry (radio program)
Weasel program
Web (programming system)
Wednesday Night Hockey (American TV program)
Weekend (1973 TV program)
Weekend Today (Australian TV program)
West 57th (TV program)
Wetlands Reserve Program
WFTDA Apprentice Program
What's On (Australian TV program)
What on Earth? (American TV program)
What Would You Do? (1991 TV program)
What Would You Do? (2008 TV program)
Wheat Improvement Strategic Programme
Whistleblower (American TV program)
White House Internship Program
Whitespace (programming language)
White Stag Leadership Development Program
Who Gets the Dog? (TV program)
Wide Angle (TV program)
Wide World of Sports (American TV program)
Wide World of Sports (Australian TV programme)
Wikipedia talk:List of articles with C programs
William Crowther (programmer)
WIMP Argon Programme
Wind of Change (Bangladeshi TV program)
Wings (1988 TV program)
WireTap (radio program)
Wisconsin Secure Program Facility
Wise Up (TV programme)
With All Due Respect (TV program)
Witness (2006 TV programme)
Witness Security Programme (Ireland)
Women's Leadership Programme
Women's Viewpoint (TV programme)
Word of Mouth (TV program)
Words and Pictures (TV programme)
Working Cats Program
Working in Partnership Programme
Worklife (TV programme)
Work Programme
World Bank Scholarships Program
World Business Report (radio programme)
World Climate Programme
World Climate Research Programme
World Food Programme
World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme
World of Sport (Australian TV program)
World of Sport (British TV programme)
World Programming
World Programming System
World Trade Center Health Program
World Water Assessment Programme
WSFN (programming language)
WWAMI Regional Medical Education Program
Xenon (program)
XL (programming language)
XML Certification Program
Xuxa (American TV program)
Yale Program on Climate Change Communication
Yale Sustainable Food Program
Yatra (2002 TV program)
Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program
Yemeni jihadist rehabilitation program
Yesterday's Men (TV programme)
Yorick (programming language)
You've Got a Friend (TV program)
You Have Been Watching (Australian TV program)
Young Gifted and Talented Programme
Young Scientist Programme
Youth program
Youth Protection program (Boy Scouts of America)
Yule Log (TV program)
Zebra Programming Language
Zeno (programming language)
Zig (programming language)
Ziv Television Programs
Zond program
ZPL (programming language)
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