3. A highly composite and diverse study which attempts to ascertain the limits of the special sciences, to disclose their interrelations one with another, and to examine their implications so fir as these contribute to a theory either of the universe as a whole or of some pervasive aspect of it. This aspect of the philosophy of science is the least precise and definite of the three, and employs the more speculative methods. One of the most characteristic of its problems is that of the classification of the sciences. This involves the attempt to construct a general table, or diagram, or map of the sciences which will properly integrate the sciences according to method, subject-matter, or some other principle of organization. Another characteristic problem is that of the implications of science for some general theory of the universe, e.g., idealism, materialism, positivism, mechanism, teleology, monism, or pluralism. In recent years a new type of problem has appeared which, if it is properly part of the philosophy of science at all, belongs to this aspect of the subject. This is the problem of the social relations of science. It examines such problems as the place of science in a given cultural scheme, e.g., its relations to government, business, art, religion and morality.
3Station "computer, networking" The archetypal {diskless workstation}, developed by {Bob Metcalfe} at {3Com} and first available in 1986/1987. The 3Station/2E had a 10 {MHz} {80286} {processor}, 1 {MB} of {RAM} (expandable to 5 MB), {VGA} compatible graphics with 256 {KB} of {video RAM}, and integrated {AUI}/{BNC} network {transceivers} for {LAN} access. The product used a single {printed-circuit board} with four custom {ASICs}. It had no {floppy disk drive} or {hard disk}, it was booted from a {server} and stored all {end-user} {files} there. 3Com advertised "significant cost savings" due to the 3Station's ease of installation and low maintenance (this would now be referred to under the banner of "{TCO}"). The 3Station cost somewhere between an {IBM PC} {clone} and an IBM PC of the day. It was not commercially successful. (2000-07-05)
Actis "programming" An approach to integrated {CASE} by {Apollo}. (1994-11-08)
Actis ::: (programming) An approach to integrated CASE by Apollo. (1994-11-08)
Active Directory "operating system" A {directory service} from {Microsoft Corporation}, similar in concept to {Novell} {Netware Directory Services (NDS)}, that also integrates with the user organisation's {DNS} structure and is interoperable with {LDAP}. Active Directory is included in {Windows 2000}. (2000-03-28)
Active Directory ::: (operating system) A directory service from Microsoft Corporation, similar in concept to Novell , that also integrates with the user organisation's DNS structure and is interoperable with LDAP. Active Directory is included in Windows 2000.(2000-03-28)
Ada "language" (After {Ada Lovelace}) A {Pascal}-descended language, designed by Jean Ichbiah's team at {CII Honeywell} in 1979, made mandatory for Department of Defense software projects by the Pentagon. The original language was standardised as "Ada 83", the latest is "{Ada 95}". Ada is a large, complex, {block-structured} language aimed primarily at {embedded} applications. It has facilities for {real-time} response, {concurrency}, hardware access and reliable run-time error handling. In support of large-scale {software engineering}, it emphasises {strong typing}, {data abstraction} and {encapsulation}. The type system uses {name equivalence} and includes both {subtypes} and {derived types}. Both fixed and {floating-point} numerical types are supported. {Control flow} is fully bracketed: if-then-elsif-end if, case-is-when-end case, loop-exit-end loop, goto. Subprogram parameters are in, out, or inout. Variables imported from other packages may be hidden or directly visible. Operators may be {overloaded} and so may {enumeration} literals. There are user-defined {exceptions} and {exception handlers}. An Ada program consists of a set of packages encapsulating data objects and their related operations. A package has a separately compilable body and interface. Ada permits {generic packages} and subroutines, possibly parametrised. Ada support {single inheritance}, using "tagged types" which are types that can be extended via {inheritance}. Ada programming places a heavy emphasis on {multitasking}. Tasks are synchronised by the {rendezvous}, in which a task waits for one of its subroutines to be executed by another. The conditional entry makes it possible for a task to test whether an entry is ready. The selective wait waits for either of two entries or waits for a limited time. Ada is often criticised, especially for its size and complexity, and this is attributed to its having been designed by committee. In fact, both Ada 83 and Ada 95 were designed by small design teams to be internally consistent and tightly integrated. By contrast, two possible competitors, {Fortran 90} and {C++} have both become products designed by large and disparate volunteer committees. See also {Ada/Ed}, {Toy/Ada}. {Home of the Brave Ada Programmers (http://lglwww.epfl.ch/Ada/)}. {Ada FAQs (http://lglwww.epfl.ch/Ada/FAQ/)} (hypertext), {text only (ftp://lglftp.epfl.ch/pub/Ada/FAQ)}. {(http://wuarchive.wustl.edu/languages/ada/)}, {(ftp://ajpo.sei.cmu.edu/)}, {(ftp://stars.rosslyn.unisys.com/pub/ACE_8.0)}. E-mail: "adainfo@ajpo.sei.cmu.edu". {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.ada}. {An Ada grammar (ftp://primost.cs.wisc.edu/)} including a lex scanner and yacc parser is available. E-mail: "masticol@dumas.rutgers.edu". {Another yacc grammar and parser for Ada by Herman Fischer (ftp://wsmr-simtel20.army.mil/PD2:"ADA.EXTERNAL-TOOLS"GRAM2.SRC)}. An {LR parser} and {pretty-printer} for {Ada} from NASA is available from the {Ada Software Repository}. {Adamakegen} generates {makefiles} for {Ada} programs. ["Reference Manual for the Ada Programming Language", ANSI/MIL STD 1815A, US DoD (Jan 1983)]. Earlier draft versions appeared in July 1980 and July 1982. ISO 1987. [{Jargon File}] (2000-08-12)
Ada ::: (language) (After Ada Lovelace) A Pascal-descended language, designed by Jean Ichbiah's team at CII Honeywell in 1979, made mandatory for Department of Defense software projects by the Pentagon. The original language was standardised as Ada 83, the latest is Ada 95.Ada is a large, complex, block-structured language aimed primarily at embedded applications. It has facilities for real-time response, concurrency, hardware The type system uses name equivalence and includes both subtypes and derived types. Both fixed and floating-point numerical types are supported.Control flow is fully bracketed: if-then-elsif-end if, case-is-when-end case, loop-exit-end loop, goto. Subprogram parameters are in, out, or inout. Variables overloaded and so may enumeration literals. There are user-defined exceptions and exception handlers.An Ada program consists of a set of packages encapsulating data objects and their related operations. A package has a separately compilable body and interface. Ada permits generic packages and subroutines, possibly parametrised.Ada support single inheritance, using tagged types which are types that can be extended via inheritance.Ada programming places a heavy emphasis on multitasking. Tasks are synchronised by the rendezvous, in which a task waits for one of its subroutines to be whether an entry is ready. The selective wait waits for either of two entries or waits for a limited time.Ada is often criticised, especially for its size and complexity, and this is attributed to its having been designed by committee. In fact, both Ada 83 and tightly integrated. By contrast, two possible competitors, Fortran 90 and C++ have both become products designed by large and disparate volunteer committees.See also Ada/Ed, Toy/Ada. . , , .E-mail: .Usenet newsgroup: comp.lang.ada. including a lex scanner and yacc parser is available. E-mail: . .An LR parser and pretty-printer for Ada from NASA is available from the Ada Software Repository.Adamakegen generates makefiles for Ada programs.[Reference Manual for the Ada Programming Language, ANSI/MIL STD 1815A, US DoD (Jan 1983)]. Earlier draft versions appeared in July 1980 and July 1982. ISO 1987.[Jargon File](2000-08-12)
address space ::: (operating system, architecture) The range of addresses which a processor or process can access, or at which a device can be accessed. The term may refer to either physical address or virtual address.The size of a processor's address space depends on the width of the processor's address bus and address registers.Each device, such as a memory integrated circuit, will have its own local address space which starts at zero. This will be mapped to a range of addresses which starts at some base address in the processor's address space.Similarly, each process will have its own address space, which may be all or a part of the processor's address space. In a multitasking system this may depend memory management unit mapping this to the process's own part of the processor's address space. (1999-11-01)
address space "operating system, architecture" The range of addresses which a processor or process can access, or at which a {device} can be accessed. The term may refer to either {physical address} or {virtual address}. The size of a processor's address space depends on the width of the processor's {address bus} and address {registers}. Each device, such as a memory {integrated circuit}, will have its own local address space which starts at zero. This will be mapped to a range of addresses which starts at some base address in the processor's address space. Similarly, each {process} will have its own address space, which may be all or a part of the processor's address space. In a {multitasking} system this may depend on where in memory the process happens to have been loaded. For a process to be able to run at any address it must consist of {position-independent code}. Alternatively, each process may see the same local address space, with the {memory management unit} mapping this to the process's own part of the processor's address space. (1999-11-01)
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. "company" (AMD) A US manufacturer of {integrated circuits}, founded in 1969. AMD was the fifth-largest IC manufacturer in 1995. AMD focuses on the personal and networked computation and communications market. They produce {microprocessors}, {embedded processors} and related peripherals, memories, {programmable logic devices}, circuits for telecommunications and networking applications. In 1995, AMD had 12000 employees in the USA and elsewhere and manufacturing facilities in Austin, Texas; Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan; Bangkok, Thailand; Penang, Malaysia; and Singapore. AMD made the {AMD 2900} series of {bit-slice} {TTL} components and clones of the {Intel 80386} and {Intel 486} {microprocessors}. {AMD Home (http://amd.com/)}. Address: Sunnyvale, CA, USA. (1995-02-27)
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. ::: (company) (AMD) A US manufacturer of integrated circuits, founded in 1969. AMD was the fifth-largest IC manufacturer in 1995. AMD focuses on the programmable logic devices, circuits for telecommunications and networking applications.In 1995, AMD had 12000 employees in the USA and elsewhere and manufacturing facilities in Austin, Texas; Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan; Bangkok, Thailand; Penang, Malaysia; and Singapore.AMD made the AMD 2900 series of bit-slice TTL components and clones of the Intel 80386 and Intel 486 microprocessors. .Address: Sunnyvale, CA, USA. (1995-02-27)
Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller "integrated circuit" (APIC) A {Programmable Interrupt Controller} (PIC) that can handle {interrupts} from and for multiple {CPUs}, and, usually, has more available interrupt lines that a typical PIC. (2003-03-18)
Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller ::: (integrated circuit) (APIC) A Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) that can handle interrupts from and for multiple CPUs, and, usually, has more available interrupt lines that a typical PIC.(2003-03-18)
Advanced Technology Attachment Interface with Extensions ::: (storage, standard) (ATA-2, Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics, EIDE) A proposed (May 1996 or earlier?) standard from X3T10 (document 948D rev 3) which extends the Advanced Technology Attachment interface while maintaining compatibility with current IBM PC BIOS designs.ATA-2 provides for faster data rates, 32-bit transactions and (in some drives) DMA. Optional support for power saving modes and removable devices is also in the standard.ATA-2 was developed by Western Digital as Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) around 1994. Marketroids call it Fast ATA or Fast ATA-2.ATA-2 was followed by ATA-3 and ATA-4 (Ultra DMA).(2000-10-07)
Advanced Technology Attachment Interface with Extensions "storage, standard" (ATA-2, Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics, EIDE) A proposed (May 1996 or earlier?) {standard} from {X3T10} (document 948D rev 3) which extends the {Advanced Technology Attachment} interface while maintaining compatibility with current {IBM PC} {BIOS} designs. ATA-2 provides for faster data rates, 32-bit transactions and (in some drives) {DMA}. Optional support for power saving modes and removable devices is also in the standard. ATA-2 was developed by {Western Digital} as "Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics" (EIDE) around 1994. {Marketroids} call it "Fast ATA" or "Fast ATA-2". ATA-2 was followed by {ATA-3} and {ATA-4} ("Ultra DMA"). (2000-10-07)
Advanced Technology Attachment "storage, hardware, standard" (ATA, AT Attachment or "Integrated Drive Electronics", IDE) A {disk drive} interface {standard} based on the {IBM PC} {ISA} 16-bit {bus} but also used on other {personal computers}. ATA specifies the power and data signal interfaces between the {motherboard} and the integrated {disk controller} and drive. The ATA "bus" only supports two devices - master and slave. ATA drives may in fact use any physical interface the manufacturer desires, so long as an embedded translator is included with the proper ATA interface. ATA "controllers" are actually direct connections to the ISA bus. Originally called IDE, the ATA interface was invented by {Compaq} around 1986, and was developed with the help of {Western Digital}, {Imprimis}, and then-upstart {Conner Peripherals}. Efforts to standardise the interface started in 1988; the first draft appeared in March 1989, and a finished version was sent to {ANSI} group X3T10 (who named it "Advanced Technology Attachment" (ATA)) for ratification in November 1990. X3T10 later extended ATA to {Advanced Technology Attachment Interface with Extensions} (ATA-2), followed by {ATA-3} and {ATA-4}. {X3T10 (http://symbios.com/x3t10/)}. (1998-10-08)
Advanced Technology Attachment ::: (storage, hardware, standard) (ATA, AT Attachment or Integrated Drive Electronics, IDE) A disk drive interface standard based on the IBM PC ISA integrated disk controller and drive. The ATA bus only supports two devices - master and slave.ATA drives may in fact use any physical interface the manufacturer desires, so long as an embedded translator is included with the proper ATA interface. ATA controllers are actually direct connections to the ISA bus.Originally called IDE, the ATA interface was invented by Compaq around 1986, and was developed with the help of Western Digital, Imprimis, and then-upstart group X3T10 (who named it Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA)) for ratification in November 1990.X3T10 later extended ATA to Advanced Technology Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2), followed by ATA-3 and ATA-4. . (1998-10-08)
Advanced WavEffect ::: (multimedia, music, hardware) (AWE) The kind of synthesis used by the EMU 8000 music synthesizer integrated circuit found on the SB AWE32 card. (1996-12-15)
Advanced WavEffect "multimedia, music, hardware" (AWE) The kind of synthesis used by the {EMU 8000} music synthesizer {integrated circuit} found on the {SB AWE32} card. (1996-12-15)
Aion Development System "artificial intelligence, product" (ADS) A commericial {expert system shell} developed by {Aion Corporation} that supported {forward chainging} and {backward chaining} and featured an {object-oriented} {knowledge representation} scheme, graphics and integrated with other {programming languages} like {C} and {Pascal}. ["Expert Systems in Chemistry Research", Markus C. Hemmer]. (2014-10-05)
“All that manifested from the Eternal has already been arranged in worlds or planes of its own nature, planes of subtle Matter, planes of Life, planes of Mind, planes of Supermind, planes of the triune luminous Infinite. But these worlds or planes are not evolutionary but typal. A typal world is one in which some ruling principle manifests itself in its free and full capacity and energy and form are plastic and subservient to its purpose. Its expressions are therefore automatic and satisfying and do not need to evolve; they stand so long as need be and do not need to be born, develop, decline and disintegrate.” Essays Divine and Human
Amiga E "tool" An {Amiga} {E} {compiler} by Wouter van Oortmerssen. Amiga E compiles 20000 lines/minute on a 7 Mhz Amiga. It allows {in-line} {assembly code} and has an integrated {linker}. It has a large set of integrated functions and {modules}. V2.04 includes as modules a flexible {type} system, quoted expressions, {immediate} and typed lists, low level {polymorphism} and {exception} handling. It is written in {assembly language} and E. Version 2.1b {(ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/dev/e/AmigaE21b.lha)}. {(ftp://amiga.physik.unizh.ch/amiga/dev/lang/AmigaE21b.lha)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.sys.amiga.programmer}. (1997-08-26)
Amiga E ::: (tool) An Amiga E compiler by Wouter van Oortmerssen.Amiga E compiles 20000 lines/minute on a 7 Mhz Amiga. It allows in-line assembly code and has an integrated linker. It has a large set of integrated functions expressions, immediate and typed lists, low level polymorphism and exception handling. It is written in assembly language and E.Version 2.1b . .Usenet newsgroup: comp.sys.amiga.programmer. (1997-08-26)
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit "hardware" (ASIC) An {integrated circuit} designed to perform a particular function by defining the interconnection of a set of basic circuit building blocks drawn from a library provided by the circuit manufacturer. (1995-02-15)
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit ::: (hardware) (ASIC) An integrated circuit designed to perform a particular function by defining the interconnection of a set of basic circuit building blocks drawn from a library provided by the circuit manufacturer. (1995-02-15)
ARM7500 ::: (processor) An ARM7 core with I/O and VIDC20 all on one integrated circuit. (1994-09-23)
ARM7500 "processor" An {ARM7} core with I/O and {VIDC20} all on one {integrated circuit}. (1994-09-23)
ARM8 ::: (processor) A RISC microprocessor core designed by Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. with 50000 transistors. The design of the ARM8 is not yet public but it is not superscalar. The ARM8 will form the core of the ARM800 microprocessor integrated circuit. (1995-03-03)
ARM8 "processor" A {RISC} {microprocessor} {core} designed by {Advanced RISC Machines} Ltd. with 50000 {transistors}. The design of the ARM8 is not yet public but it is not {superscalar}. The ARM8 will form the core of the {ARM800} {microprocessor} {integrated circuit}. (1995-03-03)
Artistic movement which maintains that there exists, and seeks access to, a "real" world that lies behind the artificial world of ordinary objects given in normal awareness. Argues that what is found on the conscious level is an arbitrary construct of mind, determined by habit and custom, and that the function of art is to recover and report the world as originally experienced and felt. Seeks to disintegrate the clear logical life of intellect, so as to search for its materials on the subconscious level, and discover there the true and primitive meanings that things have for us prior to the forms that we impose on them. -- I.J.
ASIC {Application-Specific Integrated Circuit}
ASPIK "language, specification" A multiple-style specification language. ["Algebraic Specifications in an Integrated Software Development and Verification System", A. Voss, Diss, U Kaiserslautern, 1985]. (1994-11-30)
ASPIK ::: (language, specification) A multiple-style specification language.[Algebraic Specifications in an Integrated Software Development and Verification System, A. Voss, Diss, U Kaiserslautern, 1985]. (1994-11-30)
Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter ::: (communications, hardware) (ACIA) A kind of integrated circuit that provides data formatting and control to EIA-232 serial interfaces.[Is this the same as a UART?] (1997-05-07)
Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter "communications, hardware" (ACIA) A kind of {integrated circuit} that provides data formatting and control to {EIA-232} serial interfaces. [Is this the same as a {UART}?] (1997-05-07)
Attributed File System ::: (storage) (AtFS) The basis of the Shape_VC toolkit.Cooperative work within projects is supported by a status model controlling visibility of version objects, locking, and long transactions for information between individual tools. This mechanism is useful for building integrated environments from a set of unrelated tools.(2000-02-24)
Attributed File System "storage" (AtFS) The basis of the {Shape_VC} toolkit. Cooperative work within projects is supported by a status model controlling visibility of version objects, locking, and "long transactions" for synchronising concurrent updates. The concept of object attributes provides a basis for storing management information with versions and passing this information between individual tools. This mechanism is useful for building integrated environments from a set of unrelated tools. (2000-02-24)
ATX "hardware, standard" An {open} {PC} {motherboard} specification by {Intel}. ATX is a development of the {Baby AT} specification with the motherboard rotated 90 degrees in the chassis. The {CPU} and {SIMM} sockets have been relocated away from the {expansion card} slots meaning that all the slots support full-length cards. More {I/O} functions are integrated on the motherboard. As the longer edge of the board is now at the back of the chassis, there is more space for connectors; also, the I/O opening on the back panel of the chassis has been defined as double the previous height, allowing vendors to add extra on-board I/O functions over and above the standard. Most {Pentium Pro} boards use this {form factor}. As well as the motherboard size, layout, and placement, the ATX specification also includes requirements for power supply and fan specification and location. The full size ATX board measures 305mm wide by 244mm deep. There is also a Mini-ATX form factor, 284mm by 208mm. {Home (http://developer.intel.com/design/motherbd/atx.htm)}. (2001-07-16)
Aufklärung: In general, this German word and its English equivalent Enlightenment denote the self-emancipation of man from mere authority, prejudice, convention and tradition, with an insistence on freer thinking about problems uncritically referred to these other agencies. According to Kant's famous definition "Enlightenment is the liberation of man from his self-caused state of minority, which is the incapacity of using one's understanding without the direction of another. This state of minority is caused when its source lies not in the lack of understanding, but in the lack of determination and courage to use it without the assistance of another" (Was ist Aufklärung? 1784). In its historical perspective, the Aufklärung refers to the cultural atmosphere and contrlbutions of the 18th century, especially in Germany, France and England [which affected also American thought with B. Franklin, T. Paine and the leaders of the Revolution]. It crystallized tendencies emphasized by the Renaissance, and quickened by modern scepticism and empiricism, and by the great scientific discoveries of the 17th century. This movement, which was represented by men of varying tendencies, gave an impetus to general learning, a more popular philosophy, empirical science, scriptural criticism, social and political thought. More especially, the word Aufklärung is applied to the German contributions to 18th century culture. In philosophy, its principal representatives are G. E. Lessing (1729-81) who believed in free speech and in a methodical criticism of religion, without being a free-thinker; H. S. Reimarus (1694-1768) who expounded a naturalistic philosophy and denied the supernatural origin of Christianity; Moses Mendelssohn (1729-86) who endeavoured to mitigate prejudices and developed a popular common-sense philosophy; Chr. Wolff (1679-1754), J. A. Eberhard (1739-1809) who followed the Leibnizian rationalism and criticized unsuccessfully Kant and Fichte; and J. G. Herder (1744-1803) who was best as an interpreter of others, but whose intuitional suggestions have borne fruit in the organic correlation of the sciences, and in questions of language in relation to human nature and to national character. The works of Kant and Goethe mark the culmination of the German Enlightenment. Cf. J. G. Hibben, Philosophy of the Enlightenment, 1910. --T.G. Augustinianism: The thought of St. Augustine of Hippo, and of his followers. Born in 354 at Tagaste in N. Africa, A. studied rhetoric in Carthage, taught that subject there and in Rome and Milan. Attracted successively to Manicheanism, Scepticism, and Neo-Platontsm, A. eventually found intellectual and moral peace with his conversion to Christianity in his thirty-fourth year. Returning to Africa, he established numerous monasteries, became a priest in 391, Bishop of Hippo in 395. Augustine wrote much: On Free Choice, Confessions, Literal Commentary on Genesis, On the Trinity, and City of God, are his most noted works. He died in 430. St. Augustine's characteristic method, an inward empiricism which has little in common with later variants, starts from things without, proceeds within to the self, and moves upwards to God. These three poles of the Augustinian dialectic are polarized by his doctrine of moderate illuminism. An ontological illumination is required to explain the metaphysical structure of things. The truth of judgment demands a noetic illumination. A moral illumination is necessary in the order of willing; and so, too, an lllumination of art in the aesthetic order. Other illuminations which transcend the natural order do not come within the scope of philosophy; they provide the wisdoms of theology and mysticism. Every being is illuminated ontologically by number, form, unity and its derivatives, and order. A thing is what it is, in so far as it is more or less flooded by the light of these ontological constituents. Sensation is necessary in order to know material substances. There is certainly an action of the external object on the body and a corresponding passion of the body, but, as the soul is superior to the body and can suffer nothing from its inferior, sensation must be an action, not a passion, of the soul. Sensation takes place only when the observing soul, dynamically on guard throughout the body, is vitally attentive to the changes suffered by the body. However, an adequate basis for the knowledge of intellectual truth is not found in sensation alone. In order to know, for example, that a body is multiple, the idea of unity must be present already, otherwise its multiplicity could not be recognized. If numbers are not drawn in by the bodily senses which perceive only the contingent and passing, is the mind the source of the unchanging and necessary truth of numbers? The mind of man is also contingent and mutable, and cannot give what it does not possess. As ideas are not innate, nor remembered from a previous existence of the soul, they can be accounted for only by an immutable source higher than the soul. In so far as man is endowed with an intellect, he is a being naturally illuminated by God, Who may be compared to an intelligible sun. The human intellect does not create the laws of thought; it finds them and submits to them. The immediate intuition of these normative rules does not carry any content, thus any trace of ontologism is avoided. Things have forms because they have numbers, and they have being in so far as they possess form. The sufficient explanation of all formable, and hence changeable, things is an immutable and eternal form which is unrestricted in time and space. The forms or ideas of all things actually existing in the world are in the things themselves (as rationes seminales) and in the Divine Mind (as rationes aeternae). Nothing could exist without unity, for to be is no other than to be one. There is a unity proper to each level of being, a unity of the material individual and species, of the soul, and of that union of souls in the love of the same good, which union constitutes the city. Order, also, is ontologically imbibed by all beings. To tend to being is to tend to order; order secures being, disorder leads to non-being. Order is the distribution which allots things equal and unequal each to its own place and integrates an ensemble of parts in accordance with an end. Hence, peace is defined as the tranquillity of order. Just as things have their being from their forms, the order of parts, and their numerical relations, so too their beauty is not something superadded, but the shining out of all their intelligible co-ingredients. S. Aurelii Augustini, Opera Omnia, Migne, PL 32-47; (a critical edition of some works will be found in the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, Vienna). Gilson, E., Introd. a l'etude de s. Augustin, (Paris, 1931) contains very good bibliography up to 1927, pp. 309-331. Pope, H., St. Augustine of Hippo, (London, 1937). Chapman, E., St. Augustine's Philos. of Beauty, (N. Y., 1939). Figgis, J. N., The Political Aspects of St. Augustine's "City of God", (London, 1921). --E.C. Authenticity: In a general sense, genuineness, truth according to its title. It involves sometimes a direct and personal characteristic (Whitehead speaks of "authentic feelings"). This word also refers to problems of fundamental criticism involving title, tradition, authorship and evidence. These problems are vital in theology, and basic in scholarship with regard to the interpretation of texts and doctrines. --T.G. Authoritarianism: That theory of knowledge which maintains that the truth of any proposition is determined by the fact of its having been asserted by a certain esteemed individual or group of individuals. Cf. H. Newman, Grammar of Assent; C. S. Peirce, "Fixation of Belief," in Chance, Love and Logic, ed. M. R. Cohen. --A.C.B. Autistic thinking: Absorption in fanciful or wishful thinking without proper control by objective or factual material; day dreaming; undisciplined imagination. --A.C.B. Automaton Theory: Theory that a living organism may be considered a mere machine. See Automatism. Automatism: (Gr. automatos, self-moving) (a) In metaphysics: Theory that animal and human organisms are automata, that is to say, are machines governed by the laws of physics and mechanics. Automatism, as propounded by Descartes, considered the lower animals to be pure automata (Letter to Henry More, 1649) and man a machine controlled by a rational soul (Treatise on Man). Pure automatism for man as well as animals is advocated by La Mettrie (Man, a Machine, 1748). During the Nineteenth century, automatism, combined with epiphenomenalism, was advanced by Hodgson, Huxley and Clifford. (Cf. W. James, The Principles of Psychology, Vol. I, ch. V.) Behaviorism, of the extreme sort, is the most recent version of automatism (See Behaviorism). (b) In psychology: Psychological automatism is the performance of apparently purposeful actions, like automatic writing without the superintendence of the conscious mind. L. C. Rosenfield, From Beast Machine to Man Machine, N. Y., 1941. --L.W. Automatism, Conscious: The automatism of Hodgson, Huxley, and Clifford which considers man a machine to which mind or consciousness is superadded; the mind of man is, however, causally ineffectual. See Automatism; Epiphenomenalism. --L.W. Autonomy: (Gr. autonomia, independence) Freedom consisting in self-determination and independence of all external constraint. See Freedom. Kant defines autonomy of the will as subjection of the will to its own law, the categorical imperative, in contrast to heteronomy, its subjection to a law or end outside the rational will. (Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals, § 2.) --L.W. Autonomy of ethics: A doctrine, usually propounded by intuitionists, that ethics is not a part of, and cannot be derived from, either metaphysics or any of the natural or social sciences. See Intuitionism, Metaphysical ethics, Naturalistic ethics. --W.K.F. Autonomy of the will: (in Kant's ethics) The freedom of the rational will to legislate to itself, which constitutes the basis for the autonomy of the moral law. --P.A.S. Autonymy: In the terminology introduced by Carnap, a word (phrase, symbol, expression) is autonymous if it is used as a name for itself --for the geometric shape, sound, etc. which it exemplifies, or for the word as a historical and grammatical unit. Autonymy is thus the same as the Scholastic suppositio matertalis (q. v.), although the viewpoint is different. --A.C. Autotelic: (from Gr. autos, self, and telos, end) Said of any absorbing activity engaged in for its own sake (cf. German Selbstzweck), such as higher mathematics, chess, etc. In aesthetics, applied to creative art and play which lack any conscious reference to the accomplishment of something useful. In the view of some, it may constitute something beneficent in itself of which the person following his art impulse (q.v.) or playing is unaware, thus approaching a heterotelic (q.v.) conception. --K.F.L. Avenarius, Richard: (1843-1896) German philosopher who expressed his thought in an elaborate and novel terminology in the hope of constructing a symbolic language for philosophy, like that of mathematics --the consequence of his Spinoza studies. As the most influential apostle of pure experience, the posltivistic motive reaches in him an extreme position. Insisting on the biologic and economic function of thought, he thought the true method of science is to cure speculative excesses by a return to pure experience devoid of all assumptions. Philosophy is the scientific effort to exclude from knowledge all ideas not included in the given. Its task is to expel all extraneous elements in the given. His uncritical use of the category of the given and the nominalistic view that logical relations are created rather than discovered by thought, leads him to banish not only animism but also all of the categories, substance, causality, etc., as inventions of the mind. Explaining the evolution and devolution of the problematization and deproblematization of numerous ideas, and aiming to give the natural history of problems, Avenarius sought to show physiologically, psychologically and historically under what conditions they emerge, are challenged and are solved. He hypothesized a System C, a bodily and central nervous system upon which consciousness depends. R-values are the stimuli received from the world of objects. E-values are the statements of experience. The brain changes that continually oscillate about an ideal point of balance are termed Vitalerhaltungsmaximum. The E-values are differentiated into elements, to which the sense-perceptions or the content of experience belong, and characters, to which belongs everything which psychology describes as feelings and attitudes. Avenarius describes in symbolic form a series of states from balance to balance, termed vital series, all describing a series of changes in System C. Inequalities in the vital balance give rise to vital differences. According to his theory there are two vital series. It assumes a series of brain changes because parallel series of conscious states can be observed. The independent vital series are physical, and the dependent vital series are psychological. The two together are practically covariants. In the case of a process as a dependent vital series three stages can be noted: first, the appearance of the problem, expressed as strain, restlessness, desire, fear, doubt, pain, repentance, delusion; the second, the continued effort and struggle to solve the problem; and finally, the appearance of the solution, characterized by abating anxiety, a feeling of triumph and enjoyment. Corresponding to these three stages of the dependent series are three stages of the independent series: the appearance of the vital difference and a departure from balance in the System C, the continuance with an approximate vital difference, and lastly, the reduction of the vital difference to zero, the return to stability. By making room for dependent and independent experiences, he showed that physics regards experience as independent of the experiencing indlvidual, and psychology views experience as dependent upon the individual. He greatly influenced Mach and James (q.v.). See Avenarius, Empirio-criticism, Experience, pure. Main works: Kritik der reinen Erfahrung; Der menschliche Weltbegriff. --H.H. Averroes: (Mohammed ibn Roshd) Known to the Scholastics as The Commentator, and mentioned as the author of il gran commento by Dante (Inf. IV. 68) he was born 1126 at Cordova (Spain), studied theology, law, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy, became after having been judge in Sevilla and Cordova, physician to the khalifah Jaqub Jusuf, and charged with writing a commentary on the works of Aristotle. Al-mansur, Jusuf's successor, deprived him of his place because of accusations of unorthodoxy. He died 1198 in Morocco. Averroes is not so much an original philosopher as the author of a minute commentary on the whole works of Aristotle. His procedure was imitated later by Aquinas. In his interpretation of Aristotelian metaphysics Averroes teaches the coeternity of a universe created ex nihilo. This doctrine formed together with the notion of a numerical unity of the active intellect became one of the controversial points in the discussions between the followers of Albert-Thomas and the Latin Averroists. Averroes assumed that man possesses only a disposition for receiving the intellect coming from without; he identifies this disposition with the possible intellect which thus is not truly intellectual by nature. The notion of one intellect common to all men does away with the doctrine of personal immortality. Another doctrine which probably was emphasized more by the Latin Averroists (and by the adversaries among Averroes' contemporaries) is the famous statement about "two-fold truth", viz. that a proposition may be theologically true and philosophically false and vice versa. Averroes taught that religion expresses the (higher) philosophical truth by means of religious imagery; the "two-truth notion" came apparently into the Latin text through a misinterpretation on the part of the translators. The works of Averroes were one of the main sources of medieval Aristotelianlsm, before and even after the original texts had been translated. The interpretation the Latin Averroists found in their texts of the "Commentator" spread in spite of opposition and condemnation. See Averroism, Latin. Averroes, Opera, Venetiis, 1553. M. Horten, Die Metaphysik des Averroes, 1912. P. Mandonnet, Siger de Brabant et l'Averroisme Latin, 2d ed., Louvain, 1911. --R.A. Averroism, Latin: The commentaries on Aristotle written by Averroes (Ibn Roshd) in the 12th century became known to the Western scholars in translations by Michael Scottus, Hermannus Alemannus, and others at the beginning of the 13th century. Many works of Aristotle were also known first by such translations from Arabian texts, though there existed translations from the Greek originals at the same time (Grabmann). The Averroistic interpretation of Aristotle was held to be the true one by many; but already Albert the Great pointed out several notions which he felt to be incompatible with the principles of Christian philosophy, although he relied for the rest on the "Commentator" and apparently hardly used any other text. Aquinas, basing his studies mostly on a translation from the Greek texts, procured for him by William of Moerbecke, criticized the Averroistic interpretation in many points. But the teachings of the Commentator became the foundation for a whole school of philosophers, represented first by the Faculty of Arts at Paris. The most prominent of these scholars was Siger of Brabant. The philosophy of these men was condemned on March 7th, 1277 by Stephen Tempier, Bishop of Paris, after a first condemnation of Aristotelianism in 1210 had gradually come to be neglected. The 219 theses condemned in 1277, however, contain also some of Aquinas which later were generally recognized an orthodox. The Averroistic propositions which aroused the criticism of the ecclesiastic authorities and which had been opposed with great energy by Albert and Thomas refer mostly to the following points: The co-eternity of the created word; the numerical identity of the intellect in all men, the so-called two-fold-truth theory stating that a proposition may be philosophically true although theologically false. Regarding the first point Thomas argued that there is no philosophical proof, either for the co-eternity or against it; creation is an article of faith. The unity of intellect was rejected as incompatible with the true notion of person and with personal immortality. It is doubtful whether Averroes himself held the two-truths theory; it was, however, taught by the Latin Averroists who, notwithstanding the opposition of the Church and the Thomistic philosophers, gained a great influence and soon dominated many universities, especially in Italy. Thomas and his followers were convinced that they interpreted Aristotle correctly and that the Averroists were wrong; one has, however, to admit that certain passages in Aristotle allow for the Averroistic interpretation, especially in regard to the theory of intellect. Lit.: P. Mandonnet, Siger de Brabant et l'Averroisme Latin au XIIIe Siecle, 2d. ed. Louvain, 1911; M. Grabmann, Forschungen über die lateinischen Aristotelesübersetzungen des XIII. Jahrhunderts, Münster 1916 (Beitr. z. Gesch. Phil. d. MA. Vol. 17, H. 5-6). --R.A. Avesta: See Zendavesta. Avicehron: (or Avencebrol, Salomon ibn Gabirol) The first Jewish philosopher in Spain, born in Malaga 1020, died about 1070, poet, philosopher, and moralist. His main work, Fons vitae, became influential and was much quoted by the Scholastics. It has been preserved only in the Latin translation by Gundissalinus. His doctrine of a spiritual substance individualizing also the pure spirits or separate forms was opposed by Aquinas already in his first treatise De ente, but found favor with the medieval Augustinians also later in the 13th century. He also teaches the necessity of a mediator between God and the created world; such a mediator he finds in the Divine Will proceeding from God and creating, conserving, and moving the world. His cosmogony shows a definitely Neo-Platonic shade and assumes a series of emanations. Cl. Baeumker, Avencebrolis Fons vitae. Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Philos. d. MA. 1892-1895, Vol. I. Joh. Wittman, Die Stellung des hl. Thomas von Aquino zu Avencebrol, ibid. 1900. Vol. III. --R.A. Avicenna: (Abu Ali al Hosain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina) Born 980 in the country of Bocchara, began to write in young years, left more than 100 works, taught in Ispahan, was physician to several Persian princes, and died at Hamadan in 1037. His fame as physician survived his influence as philosopher in the Occident. His medical works were printed still in the 17th century. His philosophy is contained in 18 vols. of a comprehensive encyclopedia, following the tradition of Al Kindi and Al Farabi. Logic, Physics, Mathematics and Metaphysics form the parts of this work. His philosophy is Aristotelian with noticeable Neo-Platonic influences. His doctrine of the universal existing ante res in God, in rebus as the universal nature of the particulars, and post res in the human mind by way of abstraction became a fundamental thesis of medieval Aristotelianism. He sharply distinguished between the logical and the ontological universal, denying to the latter the true nature of form in the composite. The principle of individuation is matter, eternally existent. Latin translations attributed to Avicenna the notion that existence is an accident to essence (see e.g. Guilelmus Parisiensis, De Universo). The process adopted by Avicenna was one of paraphrasis of the Aristotelian texts with many original thoughts interspersed. His works were translated into Latin by Dominicus Gundissalinus (Gondisalvi) with the assistance of Avendeath ibn Daud. This translation started, when it became more generally known, the "revival of Aristotle" at the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century. Albert the Great and Aquinas professed, notwithstanding their critical attitude, a great admiration for Avicenna whom the Arabs used to call the "third Aristotle". But in the Orient, Avicenna's influence declined soon, overcome by the opposition of the orthodox theologians. Avicenna, Opera, Venetiis, 1495; l508; 1546. M. Horten, Das Buch der Genesung der Seele, eine philosophische Enzyklopaedie Avicenna's; XIII. Teil: Die Metaphysik. Halle a. S. 1907-1909. R. de Vaux, Notes et textes sur l'Avicennisme Latin, Bibl. Thomiste XX, Paris, 1934. --R.A. Avidya: (Skr.) Nescience; ignorance; the state of mind unaware of true reality; an equivalent of maya (q.v.); also a condition of pure awareness prior to the universal process of evolution through gradual differentiation into the elements and factors of knowledge. --K.F.L. Avyakta: (Skr.) "Unmanifest", descriptive of or standing for brahman (q.v.) in one of its or "his" aspects, symbolizing the superabundance of the creative principle, or designating the condition of the universe not yet become phenomenal (aja, unborn). --K.F.L. Awareness: Consciousness considered in its aspect of act; an act of attentive awareness such as the sensing of a color patch or the feeling of pain is distinguished from the content attended to, the sensed color patch, the felt pain. The psychologlcal theory of intentional act was advanced by F. Brentano (Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkte) and received its epistemological development by Meinong, Husserl, Moore, Laird and Broad. See Intentionalism. --L.W. Axiological: (Ger. axiologisch) In Husserl: Of or pertaining to value or theory of value (the latter term understood as including disvalue and value-indifference). --D.C. Axiological ethics: Any ethics which makes the theory of obligation entirely dependent on the theory of value, by making the determination of the rightness of an action wholly dependent on a consideration of the value or goodness of something, e.g. the action itself, its motive, or its consequences, actual or probable. Opposed to deontological ethics. See also teleological ethics. --W.K.F. Axiologic Realism: In metaphysics, theory that value as well as logic, qualities as well as relations, have their being and exist external to the mind and independently of it. Applicable to the philosophy of many though not all realists in the history of philosophy, from Plato to G. E. Moore, A. N. Whitehead, and N, Hartmann. --J.K.F. Axiology: (Gr. axios, of like value, worthy, and logos, account, reason, theory). Modern term for theory of value (the desired, preferred, good), investigation of its nature, criteria, and metaphysical status. Had its rise in Plato's theory of Forms or Ideas (Idea of the Good); was developed in Aristotle's Organon, Ethics, Poetics, and Metaphysics (Book Lambda). Stoics and Epicureans investigated the summum bonum. Christian philosophy (St. Thomas) built on Aristotle's identification of highest value with final cause in God as "a living being, eternal, most good." In modern thought, apart from scholasticism and the system of Spinoza (Ethica, 1677), in which values are metaphysically grounded, the various values were investigated in separate sciences, until Kant's Critiques, in which the relations of knowledge to moral, aesthetic, and religious values were examined. In Hegel's idealism, morality, art, religion, and philosophy were made the capstone of his dialectic. R. H. Lotze "sought in that which should be the ground of that which is" (Metaphysik, 1879). Nineteenth century evolutionary theory, anthropology, sociology, psychology, and economics subjected value experience to empirical analysis, and stress was again laid on the diversity and relativity of value phenomena rather than on their unity and metaphysical nature. F. Nietzsche's Also Sprach Zarathustra (1883-1885) and Zur Genealogie der Moral (1887) aroused new interest in the nature of value. F. Brentano, Vom Ursprung sittlicher Erkenntnis (1889), identified value with love. In the twentieth century the term axiology was apparently first applied by Paul Lapie (Logique de la volonte, 1902) and E. von Hartmann (Grundriss der Axiologie, 1908). Stimulated by Ehrenfels (System der Werttheorie, 1897), Meinong (Psychologisch-ethische Untersuchungen zur Werttheorie, 1894-1899), and Simmel (Philosophie des Geldes, 1900). W. M. Urban wrote the first systematic treatment of axiology in English (Valuation, 1909), phenomenological in method under J. M. Baldwin's influence. Meanwhile H. Münsterberg wrote a neo-Fichtean system of values (The Eternal Values, 1909). Among important recent contributions are: B. Bosanquet, The Principle of Individuality and Value (1912), a free reinterpretation of Hegelianism; W. R. Sorley, Moral Values and the Idea of God (1918, 1921), defending a metaphysical theism; S. Alexander, Space, Time, and Deity (1920), realistic and naturalistic; N. Hartmann, Ethik (1926), detailed analysis of types and laws of value; R. B. Perry's magnum opus, General Theory of Value (1926), "its meaning and basic principles construed in terms of interest"; and J. Laird, The Idea of Value (1929), noteworthy for historical exposition. A naturalistic theory has been developed by J. Dewey (Theory of Valuation, 1939), for which "not only is science itself a value . . . but it is the supreme means of the valid determination of all valuations." A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth and Logic (1936) expounds the view of logical positivism that value is "nonsense." J. Hessen, Wertphilosophie (1937), provides an account of recent German axiology from a neo-scholastic standpoint. The problems of axiology fall into four main groups, namely, those concerning (1) the nature of value, (2) the types of value, (3) the criterion of value, and (4) the metaphysical status of value. (1) The nature of value experience. Is valuation fulfillment of desire (voluntarism: Spinoza, Ehrenfels), pleasure (hedonism: Epicurus, Bentham, Meinong), interest (Perry), preference (Martineau), pure rational will (formalism: Stoics, Kant, Royce), apprehension of tertiary qualities (Santayana), synoptic experience of the unity of personality (personalism: T. H. Green, Bowne), any experience that contributes to enhanced life (evolutionism: Nietzsche), or "the relation of things as means to the end or consequence actually reached" (pragmatism, instrumentalism: Dewey). (2) The types of value. Most axiologists distinguish between intrinsic (consummatory) values (ends), prized for their own sake, and instrumental (contributory) values (means), which are causes (whether as economic goods or as natural events) of intrinsic values. Most intrinsic values are also instrumental to further value experience; some instrumental values are neutral or even disvaluable intrinsically. Commonly recognized as intrinsic values are the (morally) good, the true, the beautiful, and the holy. Values of play, of work, of association, and of bodily well-being are also acknowledged. Some (with Montague) question whether the true is properly to be regarded as a value, since some truth is disvaluable, some neutral; but love of truth, regardless of consequences, seems to establish the value of truth. There is disagreement about whether the holy (religious value) is a unique type (Schleiermacher, Otto), or an attitude toward other values (Kant, Höffding), or a combination of the two (Hocking). There is also disagreement about whether the variety of values is irreducible (pluralism) or whether all values are rationally related in a hierarchy or system (Plato, Hegel, Sorley), in which values interpenetrate or coalesce into a total experience. (3) The criterion of value. The standard for testing values is influenced by both psychological and logical theory. Hedonists find the standard in the quantity of pleasure derived by the individual (Aristippus) or society (Bentham). Intuitionists appeal to an ultimate insight into preference (Martineau, Brentano). Some idealists recognize an objective system of rational norms or ideals as criterion (Plato, Windelband), while others lay more stress on rational wholeness and coherence (Hegel, Bosanquet, Paton) or inclusiveness (T. H. Green). Naturalists find biological survival or adjustment (Dewey) to be the standard. Despite differences, there is much in common in the results of the application of these criteria. (4) The metaphysical status of value. What is the relation of values to the facts investigated by natural science (Koehler), of Sein to Sollen (Lotze, Rickert), of human experience of value to reality independent of man (Hegel, Pringle-Pattlson, Spaulding)? There are three main answers: subjectivism (value is entirely dependent on and relative to human experience of it: so most hedonists, naturalists, positivists); logical objectivism (values are logical essences or subsistences, independent of their being known, yet with no existential status or action in reality); metaphysical objectivism (values --or norms or ideals --are integral, objective, and active constituents of the metaphysically real: so theists, absolutists, and certain realists and naturalists like S. Alexander and Wieman). --E.S.B. Axiom: See Mathematics. Axiomatic method: That method of constructing a deductive system consisting of deducing by specified rules all statements of the system save a given few from those given few, which are regarded as axioms or postulates of the system. See Mathematics. --C.A.B. Ayam atma brahma: (Skr.) "This self is brahman", famous quotation from Brhadaranyaka Upanishad 2.5.19, one of many alluding to the central theme of the Upanishads, i.e., the identity of the human and divine or cosmic. --K.F.L.
A/UX "operating system" (Apple's UniX) {Apple}'s first version of {Unix} for {Macintosh} computers. A/UX merges the {Macintosh Finder} ({GUI}) with a Unix core, offering functions from both systems. It will run on some late-model {Motorola 68000} Macs, but not on the {Power Mac}. A/UX is based on {AT&T} Unix {System V}.2.2 with numerous extensions from V.3, V.4 and {BSD} 4.2/4.3. It also provides full {POSIX} compliance. A/UX 3.x.x incorporates {System 7} for the Macintosh, thus supporting the vast majority of Macintosh {applications}. System 7 and Unix are fully integrated under A/UX 3.x.x with the Unix file system being seen as a disk drive by the Finder. {jagubox's A/UX Home Page (http://jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov/aux/Info/FAQ.auxl)}. (1997-12-13)
A/UX ::: (operating system) (Apple's UniX) Apple's first version of Unix for Macintosh computers. A/UX merges the Macintosh Finder (GUI) with a Unix core, offering functions from both systems. It will run on some late-model Motorola 68000 Macs, but not on the Power Macintosh.A/UX is based on AT&T Unix System V.2.2 with numerous extensions from V.3, V.4 and BSD 4.2/4.3. It also provides full POSIX compliance.A/UX 3.x.x incorporates System 7 for the Macintosh, thus supporting the vast majority of Macintosh applications. System 7 and Unix are fully integrated under A/UX 3.x.x with the Unix file system being seen as a disk drive by the Finder. . (1997-12-13)
BackOffice "software" A suite of network {server} software from {Microsoft} that includes {Windows NT} Server, BackOffice Server (for the integrated development, deployment, and management of BackOffice applications in departments, branch offices, and medium sized businesses); {Exchange Server}; {Proxy Server}; {Site Server} for {intranet} publishing, management, and search; Site Server Commerce Edition For comprehensive {Internet commerce} transactions; {Small Business Server} for business operations, resource management, and customer relations; {SNA Server} for the integration of existing and new systems and data; {SQL Server} for scalable, reliable database and data-warehousing; {Systems Management Server} (SMS) for centralised change- and {configuration-management}. {(http://microsoft.com/backofficeserver/)}. (2000-12-16)
BackOffice ::: (software) A suite of network server software from Microsoft that includes Windows NT Server, BackOffice Server (for the integrated development, scalable, reliable database and data-warehousing; Systems Management Server (SMS) for centralised change- and configuration-management.Latest version: 4.5, as of 2000-12-16. .(2000-12-16)
Basic Rate Interface "communications" (BRI, 2B+D, 2B1D) An {Integrated Services Digital Network} channel consisting of two 64 {kbps} "bearer" (B) channels and one 16 kbps "delta" (D) channel, giving a total data rate of 144 kbps. The B channels are used for voice or user data, and the D channel is used for control and signalling and/or {X.25} {packet} networking. BRI is the kind of ISDN interface most likely to be found in residential service. (2002-01-13)
Basic Rate Interface ::: (communications) (BRI, 2B+D, 2B1D) An Integrated Services Digital Network channel consisting of two 64 kbps bearer (B) channels and one 16 kbps delta X.25 packet networking. BRI is the kind of ISDN interface most likely to be found in residential service.(2002-01-13)
Being composite, at the death of the physical body the personal ego disintegrates, and at the next imbodiment a new personality is brought together by the reincarnating ego, although this new personality is but a reconstruction of the old personality with only such changes as have been brought about by the working of karma over time.
“Bereft as it is of its higher mind, spirit and physical senses, if left alone to its own senseless devices, it will gradually fade out and disintegrate. But, if forcibly drawn back into the terrestrial sphere whether by the passionate desires and appeals of the surviving friends or by regular necromantic practices — one of the most pernicious of which is mediumship — the ‘spook’ may prevail for a period greatly exceeding the span of the natural life of its body. Once the Kamarupa has learnt the way back to living human bodies, it becomes a vampire, feeding on the vitality of those who are so anxious for its company. In India these eidolons are called Pisachas, and are much dreaded . . .” (TG 172).
integrated circuit "electronics" (IC, or "chip") A microelectronic {semiconductor} device consisting of many interconnected transistors and other components. ICs are constructed ("fabricated") on a small rectangle (a "die") cut from a Silicon (or for special applications, Sapphire) wafer. This is known as the "substrate". Different areas of the substrate are "doped" with other elements to make them either "p-type" or "n-type" and polysilicon or aluminium tracks are etched in one to three layers deposited over the surface. The die is then connected into a package using gold wires which are welded to "pads", usually found around the edge of the die. Integrated circuits can be classified into analogue, digital and hybrid (both analogue and digital on the same chip). Digital integrated circuits can contain anything from one to millions of {logic gates} - {inverters}, {AND}, {OR}, {NAND} and {NOR} gates, {flip-flops}, {multiplexors} etc. on a few square millimeters. The small size of these circuits allows high speed, low power dissipation, and reduced manufacturing cost compared with board-level integration. The first integrated circuits contained only a few {transistors}. Small Scale Integration ({SSI}) brought circuits containing transistors numbered in the tens. Later, Medium Scale Integration ({MSI}) contained hundreds of transistors. Further development lead to Large Scale Integration ({LSI}) (thousands), and VLSI (hundreds of thousands and beyond). In 1986 the first one {megabyte} {RAM} was introduced which contained more than one million transistors. LSI circuits began to be produced in large quantities around 1970 for computer main memories and pocket calculators. For the first time it became possible to fabricate a {CPU} or even an entire {microprocesor} on a single integrated circuit. The most extreme technique is {wafer-scale integration} which uses whole uncut wafers as components. [Where and when was the term "chip" introduced?] (1997-07-03)
integrated circuit ::: (electronics) (IC, or chip) A microelectronic semiconductor device consisting of many interconnected transistors and other components. ICs are package using gold wires which are welded to pads, usually found around the edge of the die.Integrated circuits can be classified into analogue, digital and hybrid (both analogue and digital on the same chip). Digital integrated circuits can contain of these circuits allows high speed, low power dissipation, and reduced manufacturing cost compared with board-level integration.The first integrated circuits contained only a few transistors. Small Scale Integration (SSI) brought circuits containing transistors numbered in the tens. (hundreds of thousands and beyond). In 1986 the first one megabyte RAM was introduced which contained more than one million transistors.LSI circuits began to be produced in large quantities around 1970 for computer main memories and pocket calculators. For the first time it became possible to The most extreme technique is wafer-scale integration which uses whole uncut wafers as components.[Where and when was the term chip introduced?] (1997-07-03)
integrated development environment {interactive development environment}
integrated ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Integrate
integrate ::: v. t. --> To form into one whole; to make entire; to complete; to renew; to restore; to perfect.
To indicate the whole of; to give the sum or total of; as, an integrating anemometer, one that indicates or registers the entire action of the wind in a given time.
To subject to the operation of integration; to find the integral of.
BISDN ::: Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network.
BISDN Broadband {Integrated Services Digital Network}.
blitter "hardware, graphics" /blit'r/ (Or "{raster blaster}"). A special-purpose {integrated circuit} or hardware system built to perform {blit} (or "{bit bang}") operations, especially used for fast implementation of {bit-mapped} graphics. The {Commodore} {Amiga} and a few other {microcomputers} have these, but in 1991 the trend is away from them (however, see {cycle of reincarnation}). [{Jargon File}] (1996-04-30)
blitter ::: (hardware, graphics) /blit'r/ (Or raster blaster). A special-purpose integrated circuit or hardware system built to perform blit (or bit bang) operations, especially used for fast implementation of bit-mapped graphics.The Commodore Amiga and a few other microcomputers have these, but in 1991 the trend is away from them (however, see cycle of reincarnation).[Jargon File] (1996-04-30)
build "programming, systems" To process all of a project's {source code} and other digital assets or resources in order to produce a deployable product. In the simplest case this might mean compiling one file of {C} source to produce an {executable} file. More complex builds would typically involve compiling multiple source files, building library modules, packaging intermediate build products (e.g. {Java} {class files} in a {jar file}), adding or updating version information and other data about the product (e.g. intended deployment {platform}), running tests and interacting with a {source code control} system. The build process is normally automated using tools such as {Unix} {make}, {Apache} {ant} or as part of an {integrated development environment}. This is taken one step further by {continuous integration} set-ups which periodically build the system while you are working on it. (2011-12-16)
bus "architecture, networking" A set of electrical conductors (wires, PCB tracks or connections in an {integrated circuit}) connecting various "stations", which can be {functional units} in a computer or {nodes} in a {network}. A bus is a {broadcast} channel, meaning that each station receives every other station's transmissions and all stations have equal access to the bus. Various schemes have been invented to solve the problem of collisions: multiple stations trying to transmit at once, e.g. {CSMA/CD}, {bus master}. The term is almost certainly derived from the electrical engineering term "bus bar" - a substantial, rigid power supply conductor to which several connections are made. This was once written "'bus bar" as it was a contraction of "omnibus bar" - a connection bar "for all", by analogy with the passenger omnibus - a conveyance "for all". {More on derivation (/pub/misc/omnibus.html)}. There are busses both within the {CPU} and connecting it to external {memory} and {peripheral} devices. The data bus, address bus and control signals, despite their names, really constitute a single bus since each is useless without the others. The width of the data bus is usually specified in {bits} and is the number of parallel connectors. This and the {clock rate} determine the bus's data rate (the number of {bytes} per second which it can carry). This is one of the factors limiting a computer's performance. Most current {microprocessors} have 32-bit busses both internally and externally. 100 or 133 {megahertz} bus clock rates are common. The bus clock is typically slower than the processor clock. Some processors have internal busses which are wider than their external busses (usually twice the width) since the width of the internal bus affects the speed of all operations and has less effect on the overall system cost than the width of the external bus. Various bus designs have been used in the {PC}, including {ISA}, {EISA}, {Micro Channel}, {VL-bus} and {PCI}. Other peripheral busses are NuBus, TURBOchannel, VMEbus, MULTIBUS and STD bus. See also {bus network}. {Ukranian (http://open-taxi.com/mynews/~adrian/10)}. (2010-07-10)
bus ::: (architecture) One of the sets of conductors (wires, PCB tracks or connections in an integrated circuit) connecting the various functional units in despite their names, really constitute a single bus since each is useless without the others.The width of the data bus, i.e. the number of parallel connectors, and its clock rate determine its data rate (the number of bytes per second which it can or 133 megahertz bus clock rates are common. The bus clock is typically slower than the processor clock.Some processors have internal busses which are wider than their external busses (usually twice the width) since the width of the internal bus affects the speed of all operations and has less effect on the overall system cost than the width of the external bus.Various bus designs have been used in the PC, including ISA, EISA, Micro Channel, VL-bus and PCI. Other peripheral busses are NuBus, TURBOchannel, VMEbus, MULTIBUS and STD bus.Some networks are implemented as a bus at the physical layer, e.g. Ethernet - a one-bit bus operating at 10 (or later 100) megabits per second.The term is almost certainly derived from the electrical engineering term bus bar - a substantial, rigid power supply conductor to which several connections bar - a connection bar for all, by analogy with the passenger omnibus - a conveyance for all. .(2000-03-20)
By way of connoting different types of society, many contemporary Marxists, especially in the U.S.S.R., building upon Marx's analysis of the two phases of "communist society" ("Gotha Program") designate the first or lower phase by the term socialism, the second or higher by the term communism (q.v.). The general features of socialist society (identified by Soviet thinkers with the present phase of development of the U.S.S.R.) are conceived as follows: Economic collective ownership of the means of production, such as factories, industrial equipment, the land, and of the basic apparatus of distribution and exchange, including the banking system; the consequent abolition of classes, private profit, exploitation, surplus value, (q.v.) private hiring and firing and involuntary unemployment; an integrated economy based on long time planning in terms of needs and use. It is held that only under these economic conditions is it possible to apply the formula, "from each according to ability, to each according to work performed", the first part of which implies continuous employment, and the second part, the absence of private profit. Political: a state based upon the dictatorship of the proletariat (q.v.) Cultural the extension of all educational and cultural facilities through state planning; the emancipation of women through unrestricted economic opportunities, the abolition of race discrimination through state enforcement, a struggle against all cultural and social institutions which oppose the socialist society and attempt to obstruct its realization. Marx and Engels held that socialism becomes the inevitable outgrowth of capitalism because the evolution of the latter type of society generates problems which can only be solved by a transition to socialism. These problems are traced primarily to the fact that the economic relations under capitalism, such as individual ownership of productive technics, private hiring and firing in the light of profits and production for a money market, all of which originally released powerful new productive potentialities, come to operate, in the course of time, to prevent full utilization of productive technics, and to cause periodic crises, unemployment, economic insecurity and consequent suffering for masses of people. Marx and Engels regarded their doctrine of the transformation of capitalist into socialist society as based upon a scientific examination of the laws of development of capitalism and a realistic appreciation of the role of the proletariat. (q.v.) Unlike the Utopian socialism (q.v.) of St. Simon, Fourier, Owen (q.v.) and others, their socialism asserted the necessity of mass political organization of the working classes for the purpose of gaining political power in order to effect the transition from capitalism, and also foresaw the probability of a contest of force in which, they held, the working class majority would ultimately be victorious. The view taken is that Marx was the first to explain scientifically the nature of capitalist exploitation as based upon surplus value and to predict its necessary consequences. "These two great discoveries, the materialist conception of history and the revelation of the secret of capitalist production by means of surplus value we owe to Marx. With these discoveries socialism became a science . . ." (Engels: Anti-Dühring, pp. 33-34.) See Historical materialism. -- J.M.S.
cache "memory management" /kash/ A small fast memory holding recently accessed data, designed to speed up subsequent access to the same data. Most often applied to processor-memory access but also used for a local copy of data accessible over a network etc. When data is read from, or written to, {main memory} a copy is also saved in the cache, along with the associated main memory address. The cache monitors addresses of subsequent reads to see if the required data is already in the cache. If it is (a {cache hit}) then it is returned immediately and the main memory read is aborted (or not started). If the data is not cached (a {cache miss}) then it is fetched from main memory and also saved in the cache. The cache is built from faster memory chips than main memory so a cache hit takes much less time to complete than a normal memory access. The cache may be located on the same {integrated circuit} as the {CPU}, in order to further reduce the access time. In this case it is often known as {primary cache} since there may be a larger, slower {secondary cache} outside the CPU chip. The most important characteristic of a cache is its {hit rate} - the fraction of all memory accesses which are satisfied from the cache. This in turn depends on the cache design but mostly on its size relative to the main memory. The size is limited by the cost of fast memory chips. The hit rate also depends on the access pattern of the particular program being run (the sequence of addresses being read and written). Caches rely on two properties of the access patterns of most programs: temporal locality - if something is accessed once, it is likely to be accessed again soon, and spatial locality - if one memory location is accessed then nearby memory locations are also likely to be accessed. In order to exploit spatial locality, caches often operate on several words at a time, a "{cache line}" or "cache block". Main memory reads and writes are whole {cache lines}. When the processor wants to write to main memory, the data is first written to the cache on the assumption that the processor will probably read it again soon. Various different policies are used. In a {write-through} cache, data is written to main memory at the same time as it is cached. In a {write-back} cache it is only written to main memory when it is forced out of the cache. If all accesses were writes then, with a write-through policy, every write to the cache would necessitate a main memory write, thus slowing the system down to main memory speed. However, statistically, most accesses are reads and most of these will be satisfied from the cache. Write-through is simpler than write-back because an entry that is to be replaced can just be overwritten in the cache as it will already have been copied to main memory whereas write-back requires the cache to initiate a main memory write of the flushed entry followed (for a processor read) by a main memory read. However, write-back is more efficient because an entry may be written many times in the cache without a main memory access. When the cache is full and it is desired to cache another line of data then a cache entry is selected to be written back to main memory or "flushed". The new line is then put in its place. Which entry is chosen to be flushed is determined by a "{replacement algorithm}". Some processors have separate instruction and data caches. Both can be active at the same time, allowing an instruction fetch to overlap with a data read or write. This separation also avoids the possibility of bad {cache conflict} between say the instructions in a loop and some data in an array which is accessed by that loop. See also {direct mapped cache}, {fully associative cache}, {sector mapping}, {set associative cache}. (1997-06-25)
Capabilities Maturity Model ::: (software) (CMM) The Software Engineering Institute's model of software engineering that specifies five levels of maturity of the processes of a expanded to cover other areas including Human Resources and Software Acquitition.The levels - focii - and key process areas are:Level 1 Initial - Heroes - None.Level 2 Repeatable - Project Management - Software Project Planning, Software Project Tracking and Oversight, Software Subcontract Management, Software Quality Assurance, Software Configuration Management, Requirements Management.Level 3 Defined - Engineering Process - Organisation Process Focus, Organisation Process Definition, Peer Reviews, Training Program, Inter-group Coordination, Software Product Engineering, Integrated Software Management.Level 4 Managed - Product and Process Quality - Software Quality Management, Quantitative Process Management.Level 5 Optimising - Continuous Improvement - Process Change Management, Technology Change Management, Defect Prevention.[Reference?](2001-04-28)
Capability Maturity Model "software" (CMM) The {Software Engineering Institute}'s model of {software engineering} that specifies five levels of maturity of the processes of a software organisation. CMM offers a framework for evolutionary process improvement. Originally applied to software development (SE-CMM), it has been expanded to cover other areas including Human Resources and Software Acquitition. The levels - focii - and key process areas are: Level 1 Initial - Heroes - None. Level 2 Repeatable - Project Management - Software Project Planning, Software Project Tracking and Oversight, Software Subcontract Management, Software Quality Assurance, Software Configuration Management, Requirements Management. Level 3 Defined - Engineering Process - Organisation Process Focus, Organisation Process Definition, Peer Reviews, Training Program, Inter-group Coordination, Software Product Engineering, Integrated Software Management. Level 4 Managed - Product and Process Quality - Software Quality Management, Quantitative Process Management. Level 5 Optimising - Continuous Improvement - Process Change Management, Technology Change Management, Defect Prevention. {(http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmm/cmm.html)}. (2001-04-28)
caries ::: pl. --> of Carib ::: n. --> Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which it dies in masses.
case and paste "programming" (From "{cut and paste}") The addition of a new {feature} to an existing system by selecting the code from an existing feature and pasting it in with minor changes. This usually results in gross violation of the fundamental programming tenet, {Don't Repeat Yourself}. Common in telephony circles because most operations in a telephone switch are selected using "case" statements. Leads to {software bloat}. In some circles of {Emacs} users this is called "programming by Meta-W", because Meta-W is the Emacs command for copying a block of text to a {kill buffer} in preparation to pasting it in elsewhere. The term is condescending, implying that the programmer is acting mindlessly rather than thinking carefully about what is required to integrate the code for two similar cases. At {DEC}, this is sometimes called "clone-and-hack" coding. [{Jargon File}] (1996-03-01)
case and paste ::: (programming) (From cut and paste) The addition of a new feature to an existing system by selecting the code from an existing feature and pasting it in with minor changes. This usually results in gross violation of the fundamental programming tenet, Don't Repeat Yourself.Common in telephony circles because most operations in a telephone switch are selected using case statements. Leads to software bloat.In some circles of Emacs users this is called programming by Meta-W, because Meta-W is the Emacs command for copying a block of text to a kill buffer in the programmer is acting mindlessly rather than thinking carefully about what is required to integrate the code for two similar cases.At DEC, this is sometimes called clone-and-hack coding.[Jargon File] (1996-03-01)
CASE framework ::: A set of products and conventions that allow CASE tools to be integrated into a coherent environment.
CASE framework A set of products and conventions that allow CASE tools to be integrated into a coherent environment.
Cedar A superset of {Mesa}, from {Xerox PARC}, adding {garbage collection}, {dynamic types} and a universal pointer type (REF ANY). Cedar is a large complex language designed for custom Xerox hardware and the Cedar {operating system}/environment. Data types are {atoms}, lists, ropes ("industrial strength" strings), conditions. Multi-processing features include {threads}, {monitors}, {signals} and catch phrases. It was used to develop the Cedar integrated programming environment. ["A Description of the Cedar Language", Butler Lampson, Xerox PARC, CSL-83-15 (Dec 1983)]. ["The Structure of Cedar", D. Swinehart et al, SIGPLAN Notices 20(7):230-244 (July 1985)]. (1995-01-26)
Cedar ::: A superset of Mesa, from Xerox PARC, adding garbage collection, dynamic types and a universal pointer type (REF ANY). Cedar is a large complex language Multi-processing features include threads, monitors, signals and catch phrases. It was used to develop the Cedar integrated programming environment.[A Description of the Cedar Language, Butler Lampson, Xerox PARC, CSL-83-15 (Dec 1983)].[The Structure of Cedar, D. Swinehart et al, SIGPLAN Notices 20(7):230-244 (July 1985)]. (1995-01-26)
Cellular Neural Network ::: (architecture) (CNN) The CNN Universal Machine is a low cost, low power, extremely high speed supercomputer on a chip. It is at least 1000 times faster computer. Because the entire computer is integrated into a chip, no signal leaves the chip until the image processing task is completed.Although the CNN universal chip is based on analogue and logic operating principles, it has an on-chip analog-to-digital input-output interface so that user-friendly CNN high-level language, like the C language, have been developed which makes it easy to implement any image processing algorithm.[Professor Leon Chua, University of California at Berkeley]. (1995-04-27)
Cellular Neural Network "architecture" (CNN) The CNN Universal Machine is a low cost, low power, extremely high speed {supercomputer} on a chip. It is at least 1000 times faster than equivalent {DSP} solutions of many complex {image processing} tasks. It is a stored program supercomputer where a complex sequence of image processing {algorithms} is programmed and downloaded into the chip, just like any digital computer. Because the entire computer is integrated into a chip, no signal leaves the chip until the image processing task is completed. Although the CNN universal chip is based on analogue and logic operating principles, it has an on-chip analog-to-digital input-output interface so that at the system design and application perspective, it can be used as a digital component, just like a DSP. In particular, a development system is available for rapid design and prototyping. Moreover, a {compiler}, an {operating system}, and a {user-friendly} CNN {high-level language}, like the {C} language, have been developed which makes it easy to implement any image processing algorithm. [Professor Leon Chua, University of California at Berkeley]. (1995-04-27)
central processing unit ::: (architecture, processor) (CPU, processor) The part of a computer which controls all the other parts. Designs vary widely but, in general, the CPU (registers, cache, RAM and ROM) as well as various temporary buffers and other logic.The control unit fetches instructions from memory and decodes them to produce signals which control the other part of the computer. This may cause it to transfer data between memory and ALU or to activate peripherals to perform input or output.A parallel computer has several CPUs which may share other resources such as memory and peripherals.The term processor has to some extent replaced CPU, though RAM and ROM are not normally considered as part of a processor. This is particularly true of common modern microprocessors though there have been microprocessors which include RAM and/or ROM on the same integrated circuit.The CPU Info Center lists many kinds of CPU. (1998-10-21)
central processing unit "architecture, processor" (CPU, processor) The part of a computer which controls all the other parts. Designs vary widely but the CPU generally consists of the {control unit}, the {arithmetic and logic unit} (ALU), {registers}, temporary {buffers} and various other logic. The control unit fetches {instructions} from memory and decodes them to produce signals which control the other parts of the computer. These signals cause it to transfer data between memory and ALU or to activate {peripherals} to perform input or output. Various types of memory, including {cache}, {RAM} and {ROM}, are often considered to be part of the CPU, particularly in modern {microprocessors} where a single {integrated circuit} may contain one or more processors as well as any or all of the above types of memory. The CPU, and any of these components that are in separate chips, are usually all located on the same {printed circuit board}, known as the {motherboard}. This in turn is located in the {system unit} (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "CPU"). A {parallel computer} has several CPUs which may share other resources such as memory and peripherals. The term "processor" has to some extent replaced "CPU", though RAM and ROM are not logically part of the processor. {List of processors (http://lldn.timesys.com/complete_list_of_processors)}. (2007-04-02)
Ch'i: Breath; the vital fluid. Force; spirit. The vital force, as expressed in the operation and succession of the active principle (yang) and the passive principle (yin) and the Five Agents or Elements (wu hsing). To Chou Lien-hsi (1017-1073), this material principle is identical with yin yang and the Five Elements. To Chang Heng-ch'u (1020-1077) it is the reality of the Ultimate Vacuity, having the two aspects of yin and yang. It is to the Ultimate Vacuity (Tai Hsu) as ice is to water. Ch'eng I-ch'uan (1033-1107) and Ch'eng Ming-tao (1032-1086) considered all that has physical form to be identical with the vital force. It is the principle of differentiation and individuation. When a thing disintegrates, the vital force is at an end, not to appear again in the creative process. A new entity is constituted of new vital force. Thus it is also the principle of novelty in creation. It is produced by Reason (li). But to the Neo-Confucians, especially Chi Hsi (1130-1200), Reason has no control over it. The two can never be separated; without it, Reason would having nothing to be embodied in. In aesthetics: Rhythmic vitality; vitalizing spirit; strength of expression or brush stioke.
chip {integrated circuit}
chip creep "hardware" Gradual loosening of an {integrated circuit} ("chip") in its {socket} as a result of expansion and contraction during the normal heating and cooling cycles of an electronic system, combined with vibration, e.g. due to cooling fans. The chip can loosen to the point that poor electrical contact between chip and socket reduces the signal quality, causing failure. Pushing chips back into their sockets can cure such symptoms temporarily. Permanent solutions include soldering chips directly to the {PCB} and clipping the component into the socket (as on some {in-line memory modules}). The same phenomenon can affect anything plugged into a socket but not held securely in place, e.g. a {circuit board} plugged into an {edge connector} on a {motherboard} or {backplane} can suffer "card creep". (2007-06-19)
Chips & Technologies ::: (company) A former leading distributor and supplier of integrated circuits and software to personal computer manufacturers. As well as semiconductors they also made flat panel displays, video controllers and other computer related products.In 1998, Intel Corporation bought Chips and Technologies for their flat panel controllers. In January 2000, Asiliant Technologies licensed the rights from Intel to continue to manufacturer and sell Chips and Technologies components.Address: 2950 Zanker Road, San Jose, California 95134, USA.(2006-09-19)
Chip Scale Packaging "hardware" (CSP) A type of {surface mount} {integrated circuit} packaging that provides pre-speed-sorted, pre-tested and pre-packaged {die} without requiring special testing. An example is {Motorola}'s {Micro SMT} packaging. See also: {chip-on-board}, {flip chip}, {multichip module}, {known good die}, {ball grid array}. ["Chip scale packaging gains at SMI. (Surface Mount International)", Bernard Levine, Electronic News (1991), Sept 4, 1995 v41 n2081 p1(2)]. (2006-08-14)
Chip Scale Packaging ::: (hardware) (CSP) A type of surface mount integrated circuit packaging that provides pre-speed-sorted, pre-tested and pre-packaged die without requiring special testing. An example is Motorola's Micro SMT packaging.See also: chip-on-board, flip chip, multichip module, known good die, ball grid array.[Chip scale packaging gains at SMI. (Surface Mount International), Bernard Levine, Electronic News (1991), Sept 4, 1995 v41 n2081 p1(2)].(2006-08-14)
chip set "hardware" A collection of {integrated circuits} that are designed to be used together for some specific purpose. E.g. control circuitry in an {IBM PC}. (1995-03-27)
chip set ::: (hardware) A collection of integrated circuits that are designed to be used together for some specific purpose. E.g. control circuitry in an IBM PC. (1995-03-27)
Chips & Technologies "company" A former leading distributor and supplier of {integrated circuits} and {software} to {personal computer} manufacturers. As well as semiconductors they also made {flat panel displays}, {video controllers} and other computer related products. In 1998, {Intel Corporation} bought Chips and Technologies for their flat panel controllers. In January 2000, {Asiliant Technologies} licensed the rights from Intel to continue to manufacturer and sell Chips and Technologies components. Address: 2950 Zanker Road, San Jose, California 95134, USA. (2006-09-19)
CIM ::: 1. (application) Computer Integrated Manufacturing.2. (standard) Common Information Model.
CIM 1. "application" {Computer Integrated Manufacturing}. 2. "standard" {Common Information Model}.
circuit ::: 1. (communications) A communications path in a circuit switching network.2. (electronics) A complete path through which an electric current can flow.The term is used loosely for any device or subsystem using electrical or electronic components. E.g. That lightning bolt fried the circuits in my GPS receiver. An integrated circuit (IC) contains components built on a Silicon die.(2002-07-15)
circuit 1. "communications" A communications path in a {circuit switching} network. 2. "electronics" A complete path through which an electric current can flow. The term is used loosely for any device or subsystem using electrical or electronic components. E.g. "That lightning bolt fried the circuits in my GPS receiver". An {integrated circuit} (IC) contains components built on a Silicon {die}. (2002-07-15)
Cirrus Logic "company" A manufacturer of {integrated circuits} including the {Advanced RISC Machine} and display interface processors and cards for use as {Windows accelerators} (requiring dedicated driver software). {(http://cirrus.com/)}. [Other products?] (1996-10-13)
Cirrus Logic ::: (company) A manufacturer of integrated circuits including the Advanced RISC Machine and display interface processors and cards for use as Windows accelerators (requiring dedicated driver software). .[Other products?] (1996-10-13)
C Language Integrated Production System ::: (language) (CLIPS) A language produced by Gary Riley of NASA JSC in Houston, Texas, for developing expert systems, with the inferencing and object-oriented and procedural programming. CLIPS has a Lisp-like syntax. It is available for MS-DOS and comes with source code in C.COSMIC, U Georgia, (404) 542-3265. Austin Code Works (512) 258-0785.Versions include CLIPS 5.1, CLIPS/Ada 4.3 and CLIPS6.0 (see PCLIPS). .E-mail: .Telnet: cosmic.uga.edu, user: cosline. , .[Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Joseph Giarratano and Gary Riley, PWS Publ 1994, ISBN 0-534-93744-6]. (1994-12-16)
C Language Integrated Production System "language" (CLIPS) A language produced by Gary Riley of NASA {JSC} in Houston, Texas, for developing {expert systems}, with the inferencing and representation capabilities of {OPS5} and support for {forward chaining} rule-based, {object-oriented} and {procedural} programming. CLIPS has a {Lisp}-like {syntax}. It is available for {MS-DOS} and comes with source code in {C}. COSMIC, U Georgia, (404) 542-3265. Austin Code Works "info@acw.com" (512) 258-0785. Versions include CLIPS 5.1, CLIPS/Ada 4.3 and CLIPS6.0 (see {PCLIPS}). {(http://jsc.nasa.gov/~clips/CLIPS.html)}. E-mail: "service@cossack.cosmic.uga.edu". Telnet: cosmic.uga.edu, user: cosline. {U. Michigan (ftp://earth.rs.itd.umich.edu/mac.bin/etc/compsci/Clips/)}, {ENSMP, France (ftp://ftp.ensmp.fr/pub/clips/)}. ["Expert Systems: Principles and Programming", Joseph Giarratano and Gary Riley, PWS Publ 1994, ISBN 0-534-93744-6]. (1994-12-16)
Clipper ::: 1. (hardware, cryptography) An integrated circuit which implements the SkipJack algorithm. The Clipper is manufactured by the US government to encrypt Phil Zimmerman (inventor of PGP) remarked, This doesn't even pass the sniff test (i.e. it stinks). .alt.privacy.clipper2. A compiled dBASE dialect from Nantucket Corp, LA. Versions: Winter 85, Spring 86, Autumn 86, Summer 87, 4.5 (Japanese Kanji), 5.0. It uses the Xbase programming language.(2004-09-01)
Clipper 1. "hardware, cryptography" An {integrated circuit} which implements the {SkipJack} {algorithm}. The Clipper is manufactured by the US government to encrypt telephone data. It has the added feature that it can be decrypted by the US government, which has tried to make the chip compulsory in the United States. Phil Zimmerman (inventor of {PGP}) remarked, "This doesn't even pass the sniff test" (i.e. it stinks). {(http://wired.com/clipper/)}. {news:alt.privacy.clipper} 2. A compiled {dBASE} dialect from Nantucket Corp, LA. Versions: Winter 85, Spring 86, Autumn 86, Summer 87, 4.5 (Japanese Kanji), 5.0. It uses the {Xbase} programming language. (2004-09-01)
CLIPS {C Language Integrated Production System}
CodeCenter ::: (Formerly Saber-C) A proprietary software development environment for C programs, offering an integrated toolkit for developing, testing, debugging and maintainance. (1994-12-23)
CodeCenter "programming" (Formerly {Saber-C}) A proprietary {software development environment} for {C} programs, offering an integrated toolkit for developing, testing, debugging and maintainance. (1994-12-23)
coder/decoder ::: (communications) (CODEC) An integrated circuit or other electronic device combining the circuits needed to convert digital signals to and from analog (Pulse Code Modulation) form. (1997-07-22)
combine ::: to integrate or cause to be integrated; join together. combined.
Commodore 65 "computer" (Or Commodore 64DX, C65, C64DX) The last 8-bit computer designed by {Commodore Business Machines}, about 1989-1991. The C65 boasts an {ugly} collection of {custom} {integrated circuits} which makes even the {Amiga} hardware look standard. The core of the C65 {chipset} is the {CSG 4510} and {CSG 4569}. The 4510 is a {65CE02} with two {6526} {CIAs}. The 4569 is equivalent to a combination of the {6569} VIC-II and the {MMU} of the {Commodore 64}. The C65 also has a {DMA controller} (Commodore's purpose built {DMAgic}) which also functions as a simple {blitter}, and a {floppy controller} for the internal {Commodore 1581}-like disk drive. The floppy controller, known as the {F011}, supports seven drives (though the {DOS} only supports 2). The {4510} supports all the {C64} {video modes}, plus an 80 column text mode, and {bitplane} modes. The bitplane modes can use up to eight bitplanes, and {resolutions} of up to 1280 x 400. The {palette} is 12-bit like the {Amiga 500}. It also has two SID's (MOS 8580/6581) for stereo audio. The C65 has two busses, D and E, with 64 {kilobytes} of {RAM} on each. The VIC-III can access the D-bus while the CPU accesses the E-bus, and then they can swap around. This effectively makes the whole 8MB {address space} both {chip ram} and {fast ram}. {RAM} expansion is accomplished through a {trap door} slot in the bottom which uses a {grock} of a connector. The C65 has a {C128}-like native mode, where all of the new features are enabled, and the CPU runs at 3.5 megahertz with its {pipeline} enabled. It also has a C64 {incompatibility mode} which offers approx 50-80% compatibility with C64 software by turning off all its {bells and whistles}. The {bells and whistles} can still be accessed from the C64 mode, which is dissimilar to the C128's inescapable C64 mode. Production of the C65 was dropped only a few weeks before it moved from the Alpha stage, possibly due to Commodore's cash shortage. Commodore estimate that "between 50 and 10000" exist. There are at least three in Australia, about 30 in Germany and "some" in the USA and Canada. (1996-04-07)
Commodore 65 ::: (computer) (Or Commodore 64DX, C65, C64DX) The last 8-bit computer designed by Commodore Business Machines, about 1989-1991. The C65 boasts an ugly collection of custom integrated circuits which makes even the Amiga hardware look standard.The core of the C65 chipset is the CSG 4510 and CSG 4569. The 4510 is a 65CE02 with two 6526 CIAs. The 4569 is equivalent to a combination of the 6569 VIC-II resolutions of up to 1280 x 400. The palette is 12-bit like the Amiga 500. It also has two SID's (MOS 8580/6581) for stereo audio.The C65 has two busses, D and E, with 64 kilobytes of RAM on each. The VIC-III can access the D-bus while the CPU accesses the E-bus, and then they can swap whistles. The bells and whistles can still be accessed from the C64 mode, which is dissimilar to the C128's inescapable C64 mode.Production of the C65 was dropped only a few weeks before it moved from the Alpha stage, possibly due to Commodore's cash shortage. Commodore estimate that between 50 and 10000 exist. There are at least three in Australia, about 30 in Germany and some in the USA and Canada. (1996-04-07)
Common Architecture for Next Generation Internet Protocol "networking" (CATNIP, originally Common Architecture Technology for Next-generation Internet Protocol) A network architecture designed to provide a compressed form of the existing {network layer} {protocols} and to integrate {CLNP}, {IP}, and {IPX}. It provides for any of the {transport layer} {protocols} in use, including {TP4}, {CLTP}, {TCP}, {UDP}, {IPX}, and {SPX}, to run over any of the network layer protocol formats: CLNP, IP (version 4), IPX and CATNIP. CATNIP was originally proposed by Robert L. Ullmann of {Lotus Development Corporation} on 1993-12-22. It was published as {RFC 1707} in October 1994 but it is not an {Internet} standard of any kind. (1996-03-23)
Common Architecture for Next Generation Internet Protocol ::: (networking) (CATNIP, originally Common Architecture Technology for Next-generation Internet Protocol)A network architecture designed to provide a compressed form of the existing network layer protocols and to integrate CLNP, IP, and IPX. It provides for any SPX, to run over any of the network layer protocol formats: CLNP, IP (version 4), IPX, and CATNIP.CATNIP was originally proposed by Robert L. Ullmann of Lotus Development Corporation on 1993-12-22. It was published as RFC 1707 in October 1994 but it is not an Internet standard of any kind. (1996-03-23)
communication system "communications" A system or facility for transfering data between persons and equipment. The system usually consists of a collection of individual communication {networks}, transmission systems, relay stations, tributary stations and {terminal} equipment capable of interconnection and interoperation so as to form an integrated whole. These individual components must serve a common purpose, be technically compatible, employ common procedures, respond to some form of control and generally operate in unison. ["Communications Standard Dictionary", 2nd Edition, Martin H. Weik]. (1995-02-06)
Compact Disc ::: (storage) (CD) (Not disk, this spelling is part of the standard).A 4.72 inch disc developed by Sony and Philips that can store, on the same disc, still and/or moving images in monochrome and/or color; stereo or two separate sound tracks integrated with and/or separate from the images; and digital program and information files.The same fabrication process is used to make both audio CDs and CD-ROMs for storing computer data, the only difference is in the device used to read the CD (the player or drive). . (1999-06-23)
Compact Disc "storage" (CD) (Not "disk", this spelling is part of the standard). A 4.72 inch disc developed by {Sony} and {Philips} that can store, on the same disc, still and/or moving images in monochrome and/or color; stereo or two separate sound tracks integrated with and/or separate from the images; and digital program and information files. The same fabrication process is used to make both audio CDs and {CD-ROMs} for storing computer data, the only difference is in the device used to read the CD (the player or drive). {CD Information Center (http://cd-info.com/cd-info/CDInfoCenter.html)}. (1999-06-23)
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor "integrated circuit" (CMOS) A {semiconductor} fabrication technology using a combination of n- and p-doped semiconductor material to achieve low {power dissipation}. Any path through a {gate} through which {current} can flow includes both n and p type {transistors}. Only one type is turned on in any {stable state} so there is no {static power dissipation} and current only flows when a gate switches in order to charge the {parasitic capacitance}. (1999-06-04)
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ::: (integrated circuit) (CMOS) A semiconductor fabrication technology using a combination of n- and p-doped semiconductor material to achieve low power there is no static power dissipation and current only flows when a gate switches in order to charge the parasitic capacitance. (1999-06-04)
Computer Aided Engineering "application" (CAE) The use of {software} to help with all phases of engineering design work. Like {computer aided design}, but also involving the conceptual and analytical design steps and extending into {Computer-Integrated Manufacturing} (CIM). (1994-10-28)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing ::: (application) (CIM) .[Summary?](2003-06-07)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing "application" (CIM) Use of computers to control multiple aspects of a production process in a factory. A CIM system may control and/or monitor areas such as design, analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory control, distribution, materials handling and management. (2003-06-07)
Concurrent ML "language" (CML) A {concurrent} extension of {SML/NJ} written by J. Reppy at {Cornell University} in 1990. CML supports dynamic {thread} creation and synchronous {message passing} on typed channels. Threads are implemented using first-class {continuations}. First-class synchronous operations allow users to tailor their synchronisation abstractions for their application. CML also supports both {stream I/O} and low-level I/O in an integrated fashion. {(ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/)}. E-mail: "sml-bugs@research.att.com" (bugs). ["CML: A Higher-Order Concurrent Language", John H. Reppy, SIGPLAN Notices 26(6):293-305, June 1991]. (2000-08-09)
Concurrent ML ::: (language) (CML) A concurrent extension of SML/NJ written by J. Reppy at Cornell University in 1990. CML supports dynamic thread creation and synchronous synchronisation abstractions for their application. CML also supports both stream I/O and low-level I/O in an integrated fashion.Latest version: 0.9.8, as of 1994-12-21, requires SML/NJ 0.75 or later. .E-mail: (bugs).[CML: A Higher-Order Concurrent Language, John H. Reppy, SIGPLAN Notices 26(6):293-305, June 1991].(2000-08-09)
Convergent Technologies "company" A company formed by a small group of people who left {Intel Corporation} in 1979. Convergent Technologies' first product was the IWS (Integrated Workstation) based on the {Intel 8086}, which ran {Convergent Technologies Operating System} - their first {operating system}. Unisys bought {Convergent Technologies} in 1988. [Who bought/merged with who and when?] (1998-04-03)
Convergent Technologies ::: (company) A company formed by a small group of people who left Intel Corporation in 1979. Convergent Technologies' first product was the IWS (Integrated Workstation) based on the Intel 8086, which ran Convergent Technologies Operating System - their first operating system.Unisys bought Convergent Technologies in 1988.[Who bought/merged with who and when?] (1998-04-03)
Convergent Technologies Operating System ::: (operating system) (CTOS, BTOS, STARSYS) /see-toss/ A modular, message-passing, multi-process based operating system.Convergent Technologies' first product was the IWS (Integrated Workstation) based on the Intel 8086, which had CTOS as its operating system. It is a modular operating system with built in local area networking. CTOS supports multiple processes or threads, and message-based inter-process communication.Companies which have licensed CTOS include Burroughs (BTOS) and Bull (STARSYS). The largest customer was Unisys, with whom Convergent Technologies merged to become one company in 1988. CTOS now has over 800,000 users worldwide.CTOS runs on Intel Pentium computers, and can run concurrently with Microsoft Windows NT.For some reason, CTOS is no longer marketted to new customers, although there is a support comittment for existing customers until 2001. Major customers include Police Forces, Banks, and Airlines.Latest version: CTOS III 1.3.2.[Exploring CTOS, Miller E., Crook J., Loy J. - Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-297342-1, 1991]. (1996-09-24)
Convergent Technologies Operating System "operating system" (CTOS, BTOS, STARSYS) /see-toss/ A modular, {message-passing}, {multi-process} based {operating system}. {Convergent Technologies}' first product was the IWS (Integrated Workstation) based on the {Intel 8086}, which had CTOS as its operating system. It is a modular operating system with built in {local area networking}. CTOS supports multiple processes or {threads} and message-based {inter-process communication}. Companies which licensed CTOS included {Burroughs} (BTOS) and {Bull} (STARSYS). The largest customer was {Unisys}, with whom Convergent Technologies merged to become one company in 1988. CTOS had over 800,000 users worldwide. CTOS ran on Intel {Pentium} computers, and could run concurrently with {Microsoft} {Windows NT}. Support for existing customers lasted at least until 2001. Major customers included police forces, banks, and airlines. ["Exploring CTOS", Miller E., Crook J., Loy J. - Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-297342-1, 1991]. (1996-09-24)
core 1. "storage" {Main memory} or {RAM}. This term dates from the days of {ferrite core memory} and, like the technology, is now archaic. Some derived idioms outlived the hardware: for example, "in core" (meaning {paged in}), {core dump}, "core image", "core file". Some varieties of Commonwealth hackish prefer {store}. [{Jargon File}] (2009-11-06) 2. "processor" An {integrated circuit} design, usually for a {microprocessor}, which includes only the {CPU} and which is intended to be incorporated on a chiip with other circuits such as {cache}, {memory management unit}, I/O ports and timers. The trend in 2009 is to have multiple cores per chip. The {ARM6}, {ARM7} and {ARM8} are early examples, the {Intel} {Core i9} more recent. 3. "language" A varient on {kernel} as used to describe features built into a language as opposed to those provided by {libraries}. (2009-11-06)
core ::: 1. (storage) Main memory or RAM. This term dates from the days of ferrite core memory; now archaic most places outside IBM, but also still used in the Unix community and by old-time hackers or those who would sound like them.Some derived idioms are quite current; in core, for example, means in memory (paged in, as opposed to on disk, paged out), and both core dump and the core image or core file produced by one are terms in favour. Some varieties of Commonwealth hackish prefer store.[Jargon File] (1995-03-03)2. (processor) An integrated circuit design, usually for a microprocessor, which includes only the CPU and which is intended to form part of a complete circuit design which incorporates other circuits on the same chip such as cache, memory management unit, I/O ports and timers.The ARM6, ARM7 and ARM8 are examples.3. (language) A varient on kernel as used to describe features built into a language as opposed to those provided by libraries. (1995-03-03)
crumble ::: 1. To fall into small pieces; break or part into small fragments. 2. To decay or disintegrate gradually. crumbles, crumbling.
crumble ::: v. t. --> To break into small pieces; to cause to fall in pieces. ::: v. i. --> To fall into small pieces; to break or part into small fragments; hence, to fall to decay or ruin; to become disintegrated; to perish.
Crypt Breakers Workbench ::: (cbw) A freely distributable multi-window integrated workbench of tools for cryptanalysis of files encrypted with the 4.2BSD Unix crypt command. It was originally written by Robert W. Baldwin at MIT. , , . (1994-12-06)
Crypt Breakers Workbench (cbw) A freely distributable multi-window integrated workbench of tools for {cryptanalysis} of files encrypted with the {4.2BSD} {Unix} {crypt} command. It was originally written by Robert W. Baldwin at {MIT}. {(ftp://black.ox.ac.uk/src/security)}, {(ftp://scitsc.wlv.ac.uk/pub/infomagic/usenet.cdrom/sources/unix/volume10)}, {(ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/usenet/comp.sources.unix/volume10)}. (1994-12-06)
Customer Relationship Management ::: (business) (CRM, CIS, Customer Information Systems, Customer Interaction Software, TERM, Technology Enabled Relationship Manager) Enterprise-wide lasting customer relationships - to turn customer satisfaction into customer loyalty.Customer information acquired from sales, marketing, customer service, and support is captured and stored in a centralised database. The system may provide also be integrated with other systems such as accounting and manufacturing for a truly enterprise-wide system with thousands of users. (1999-08-20)
Customer Relationship Management "business" (CRM, CIS, Customer Information Systems, Customer Interaction Software, TERM, Technology Enabled Relationship Manager) Enterprise-wide software applications that allow companies to manage every aspect of their relationship with a customer. The aim of these systems is to assist in building lasting customer relationships - to turn customer satisfaction into customer loyalty. Customer information acquired from sales, marketing, customer service, and support is captured and stored in a centralised {database}. The system may provide {data-mining} facilities that support an {opportunity management system}. It may also be integrated with other systems such as accounting and manufacturing for a truly enterprise-wide system with thousands of users. (1999-08-20)
database management system "database" (DBMS) A suite of programs which typically manage large structured sets of persistent data, offering ad hoc query facilities to many users. They are widely used in business applications. A database management system (DBMS) can be an extremely complex set of software programs that controls the organisation, storage and retrieval of data (fields, records and files) in a database. It also controls the security and integrity of the database. The DBMS accepts requests for data from the application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data. When a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the organisation's information requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the database without disruption to the existing system. Data security prevents unauthorised users from viewing or updating the database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or subsets of the database, called subschemas (pronounced "sub-skeema"). For example, an employee database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorised to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data. The DBMS can maintain the integrity of the database by not allowing more than one user to update the same record at the same time. The DBMS can keep duplicate records out of the database; for example, no two customers with the same customer numbers (key fields) can be entered into the database. {Query languages} and {report writers} allow users to interactively interrogate the database and analyse its data. If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the database, as well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal databases. However, it may not leave an audit trail of actions or provide the kinds of controls necessary in a multi-user organisation. These controls are only available when a set of application programs are customised for each data entry and updating function. A business information system is made up of subjects (customers, employees, vendors, etc.) and activities (orders, payments, purchases, etc.). Database design is the process of deciding how to organize this data into record types and how the record types will relate to each other. The DBMS should mirror the organisation's data structure and process transactions efficiently. Organisations may use one kind of DBMS for daily transaction processing and then move the detail onto another computer that uses another DBMS better suited for random inquiries and analysis. Overall systems design decisions are performed by data administrators and systems analysts. Detailed database design is performed by database administrators. The three most common organisations are the {hierarchical database}, {network database} and {relational database}. A database management system may provide one, two or all three methods. Inverted lists and other methods are also used. The most suitable structure depends on the application and on the transaction rate and the number of inquiries that will be made. Database machines are specially designed computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Connected to one or more mainframes via a high-speed channel, database machines are used in large volume transaction processing environments. Database machines have a large number of DBMS functions built into the hardware and also provide special techniques for accessing the disks containing the databases, such as using multiple processors concurrently for high-speed searches. The world of information is made up of data, text, pictures and voice. Many DBMSs manage text as well as data, but very few manage both with equal proficiency. Throughout the 1990s, as storage capacities continue to increase, DBMSs will begin to integrate all forms of information. Eventually, it will be common for a database to handle data, text, graphics, voice and video with the same ease as today's systems handle data. See also: {intelligent database}. (1998-10-07)
deintegrate ::: v. t. --> To disintegrate.
debugger "tool, programming" A {tool} used by a {programmer} to monitor and control a program he is trying to fix. The most important functions of a debugger are {tracing}, stepping, {breakpoints} and {watches}. Tracing displays a step-by-step report on what {statement} the program is currently executing, allowing the programmer to follow the {flow of control} through {if statements}, {loops (loop)}, {subroutine} calls, etc. {Breakpoints} and {watches} both pause execution of the program and return control to the debugger under certain conditions. A {breakpoint} triggers when execution reaches a particular {statement} in the program and a {watch} triggers whenever a specific variable is modified. Stepping is like a breakpoint on every statement, often with the option to step "into" or "over" a {subroutine}, i.e. continue stepping through the statements of the subroutine or just execute it without pausing and resume stepping when it returns. Whenever control returns to the debugger it lets the programmer ask to see the values of {variables}, and possibly modify them, before resuming execution. Some debuggers can be set to automatically perform some action like display a variable value and resume. A debugger can interact with the target program in different ways. Some debuggers require the program to be loaded into the debugger which may then modify or "instrument" the program for debugging. Others can "attach" to a program that is already running. Some are built into the normal program execution environment (e.g. an {interpreter}) and can be set to run under certain conditions, e.g. errors. Early debuggers such as {Unix}'s {adb} only knew about the compiled executable code so sometimes debugging had to be done at the level of {machine code} instructions and numerical memory locations. If you were lucky, the debugger could access the program's {symbol table} and display the original names of subroutines and variables. Sometimes this required the program to be "compiled for debugging". Since compiling every program for debugging would add significantly to the size of a {distribution} of a whole {operating system}, it is common for programs to be distributed without debugging support but for individual programs to be made available with it. A major advance in debuggers was source-level debugging. This gives the programmer a view of their {source code} annotated with breakpoints and a pointer to the statement currently being executed. Such a view is commonly part of an {integrated development environment} like {Visual Basic}. (2014-08-23)
decay ::: v. i. --> To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or perfect state, to one of imperfection, adversity, or dissolution; to waste away; to decline; to fail; to become weak, corrupt, or disintegrated; to rot; to perish; as, a tree decays; fortunes decay; hopes decay. ::: v. t. --> To cause to decay; to impair.
definitional constraint programming ::: (language) (DCP) A declarative, programming paradigm which integrates concurrent constraint programming, constraint logic programming and functional abstractions are reused to define new constraints, as the means of programming logical variables for parallel coordination.Goffin is a DCP language. (1995-03-28)
definitional constraint programming "language" (DCP) A declarative, programming paradigm which integrates {concurrent constraint programming}, {constraint logic programming} and {functional programming}. In this setting a concurrent constraint language becomes a coordination system that organises the concurrent interaction of parallel functional computations. The language is also a generalisation of parallel {functional programming} languages, such as {Id}, where {constraints} and constraint abstractions are reused to define new constraints, as the means of programming logical variables for parallel coordination. {Goffin} is a DCP language. (1995-03-28)
development environment "programming, tool" An integrated suite of {tools} to aid the {development} of {software} in a particular {language} or for a particular {application}. Usually, this consists of a {compiler} and {editor} and may also include one or more of a {debugger}, {profiler}, and {source code} manager. See also: {IDE}. (1999-08-01)
development environment ::: (programming, tool) An integrated suite of tools to aid the development of software in a particular language or for a particular application. Usually, this consists of a compiler and editor and may also include one or more of a debugger, profiler, and source code manager.See also: IDE. (1999-08-01)
die ::: 1. (jargon) crash. Unlike crash, which is used primarily of hardware, this verb is used of both hardware and software.See also go flatline, casters-up mode.2. (electronics) Plural: dies. An unpackaged integrated circuit.[Jargon File](2002-12-09)
die 1. "jargon" {crash}. Unlike {crash}, which is used primarily of hardware, this verb is used of both hardware and software. See also {go flatline}, {casters-up mode}. 2. "electronics" Plural: dies. An unpackaged {integrated circuit}. [{Jargon File}] (2002-12-09)
differential driver "hardware" An electronic device (commonly an {integrated circuit}), containing two amplifiers, used to drive a {differential line}. (1995-03-14)
differential driver ::: (hardware) An electronic device (commonly an integrated circuit), containing two amplifiers, used to drive a differential line. (1995-03-14)
digital electronics ::: (electronics) The implementation of two-valued logic using electronic logic gates such as and gates, or gates and flip-flops. In such circuits the for false and +5V for true. Similarly, numbers are normally represented in binary using two different voltages to represented zero and one.Digital electronics contrasts with analogue electronics which represents continuously varying quantities like sound pressure using continuously varying voltages.Digital electronics is the foundation of modern computers and digital communications. Massively complex digital logic circuits with millions of gates can now be built onto a single integrated circuit such as a microprocessor and these circuits can perform millions of operations per second.(2006-01-14)
digital electronics "electronics" The implementation of {two-valued logic} using electronic {logic gates} such as {and gates}, {or gates} and {flip-flops}. In such circuits the logical values true and false are represented by two different {voltages}, e.g. 0V for false and +5V for true. Similarly, numbers are normally represented in {binary} using two different voltages to represented zero and one. Digital electronics contrasts with {analogue} electronics which represents continuously varying quantities like sound pressure using continuously varying voltages. Digital electronics is the foundation of modern computers and {digital communications}. Massively complex digital logic circuits with millions of gates can now be built onto a single {integrated circuit} such as a {microprocessor} and these circuits can perform millions of operations per second. (2006-01-14)
disintegrated ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Disintegrate
disintegrate ::: v. t. --> To separate into integrant parts; to reduce to fragments or to powder; to break up, or cause to fall to pieces, as a rock, by blows of a hammer, frost, rain, and other mechanical or atmospheric influences. ::: v. i. --> To decompose into integrant parts; as, chalk
disintegrable ::: a. --> Capable of being disintegrated, or reduced to fragments or powder.
disintegrating ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Disintegrate
disintegration ::: n. --> The process by which anything is disintegrated; the condition of anything which is disintegrated.
The wearing away or falling to pieces of rocks or strata, produced by atmospheric action, frost, ice, etc.
DS3 ::: (communications) The third DS level, a framing specification for digital signals in the North American digital transmission hierarchy. A DS3 signal has a transmission rate of 44.736 Megabits per second.DS3 is used, for example, on T3 synchronous Integrated Services Digital Network lines. (1995-01-12)
DS3 "communications" The third {DS level}, a {framing specification} for digital signals in the North American digital transmission hierarchy. A DS3 signal has a transmission rate of 44.736 Megabits per second. DS3 is used, for example, on {T3} synchronous {Integrated Services Digital Network} lines. (1995-01-12)
Dual In-line Memory Module ::: (storage) Small circuit boards carrying memory integrated circuits, with signal and power pins on both sides of the board, in contrast to single-in-line memory modules (SIMM).The individual gold or lead connectors (pins) on SIMMs, although they are on both sides of the chip, are connected to the same memory chip, while on a DIMM, allows for a wider data path, as more modules can be accessed at once. DIMM pins are arranged in a zigzag design to allow PCB tracks to pass between them.The 8-byte DIMM format with dual-sided contacts can accommodate 4- and 16-megabit dynamic RAM chips, and is predicted to handle 64- and 256-Mbit connect directly to 32 bit data buses, and is intended for use in memory-expansion applications in notebook computers.A Dual in-line memory module (DIMM), as opposed to SIMMs (used by the majority of the PC industry) allows for a 128-bit data path by interleaving memory on path. Suppliers are unanimous in their belief that the DIMM will eventually replace the SIMM as the market's preferred memory module. (1996-01-28)
Dual In-line Memory Module "storage" Small circuit boards carrying memory {integrated circuits}, with signal and power pins on both sides of the board, in contrast to {single-in-line memory modules} (SIMM). The individual gold or lead connectors (pins) on SIMMs, although they are on both sides of the chip, are connected to the same memory chip, while on a DIMM, the connections on each side of the module connect to different chips. This allows for a wider data path, as more modules can be accessed at once. DIMM pins are arranged in a zigzag design to allow PCB tracks to pass between them. The 8-byte DIMM format with dual-sided contacts can accommodate 4- and 16-megabit {dynamic RAM} chips, and is predicted to handle 64- and 256-Mbit devices. The 8-byte DIMM will hold up to 32 megabytes of memory using 16-Mbit DRAMs, but with the 256-Mbit future-generation DRAM, it will be able to hold a 64-Mx64 configuration. Another variation, the 72-pin {SO-DIMM}, is designed to connect directly to 32 bit data buses, and is intended for use in memory-expansion applications in {notebook computers}. A Dual in-line memory module (DIMM), as opposed to SIMMs (used by the majority of the PC industry) allows for a 128-bit data path by interleaving memory on alternating memory access cycles. SIMMs on the other hand, have a 64-bit data path. Suppliers are unanimous in their belief that the DIMM will eventually replace the SIMM as the market's preferred memory module. (1996-01-28)
Dual In-Line Package ::: (hardware) (DIL, DIP) The most common type of package for small and medium scale integrated circuits, with up to about 48 pins. The pins hang intervals of 0.1 inch. The pins fit through holes in the circuit board to which they are soldered or into a socket.[More than 48 pins?] (1995-02-06)
Dual In-Line Package "hardware" (DIL, DIP) The most common type of package for small and medium scale {integrated circuits}, with up to about 48 pins. The pins hang vertically from the two long edges of the rectangular package, spaced at intervals of 0.1 inch. The pins fit through holes in the circuit board to which they are soldered or into a socket. [More than 48 pins?] (1995-02-06)
dual ported ::: A term used to describe memory integrated circuits which can be accessed simultaneously via two independent address and data busses.Dual ported memory is often used in video display hardware, especially in conjunction with Video Random Access Memory (VRAM). The two ports allow the must wait, thus resulting in slower access times. Cycle stealing is one technique used to avoid this in single-ported video memory. (1995-01-12)
dual ported A term used to describe memory {integrated circuits} which can be accessed simultaneously via two independent address and data busses. Dual ported memory is often used in {video display} hardware, especially in conjunction with {Video Random Access Memory} (VRAM). The two ports allow the video display hardware to read memory to display the contents on screen at the same time as the CPU writes data to other areas of the same memory. In single-ported memory these two processes cannot occur simultanteously, the CPU must wait, thus resulting in slower access times. {Cycle stealing} is one technique used to avoid this in single-ported {video memory}. (1995-01-12)
dynamic random access memory ::: (storage) (DRAM) A type of semiconductor memory in which the information is stored in capacitors on a MOS integrated circuit. Typically each bit is inconvenience, the DRAM is a very popular memory technology because of its high density and consequent low price.The first commercially available DRAM chip was the Intel 1103, introduced in 1970.The early DRAM chips up to a 16k x 1 (16384 locations of one bit each) model needed 3 supply voltages (+5V, -5V and +12V). Beginning with the 64 kilobit 16-pin DIL package, which was the preferred package at the time, and also made them easier to use.To reduce the pin count, thereby helping miniaturisation, DRAMs generally had a single data line which meant that a computer with an N bit wide data bus needed of all chips were common and the data line of each chip was connected to one of the data bus lines.Beginning with the 256 kilobit DRAM, a tendency toward surface mount packaging arose and DRAMs with more than one data line appeared (e.g. 64k x 4), reducing Module). Today, this is the preferred way to buy memory for workstations and personal computers.DRAM bit cells are arranged on a chip in a grid of rows and columns where the number of rows and columns are usually a power of two. Often, but not always, 1024 x 1024 memory cells. A single memory cell can be selected by a 10-bit row address and a 10-bit column address.To access a memory cell, one entire row of cells is selected and its contents are transferred into an on-chip buffer. This discharges the storage capacitors (possibly altered) information is finally written back into the selected row, thereby refreshing all bits (recharging the capacitors) in the row.To prevent data loss, all bit cells in the memory need to be refreshed periodically. This can be done by reading all rows in regular intervals. Most cell is guaranteed to hold the data for 16 ms without refresh. Devices with more rows have accordingly longer retention times.Many varieties of DRAM exist today. They differ in the way they are interfaced to the system - the structure of the memory cell itself is essentially the same.Traditional DRAMs have multiplexed address lines and separate data inputs and outputs. There are three control signals: RAS\ (row address strobe), CAS\ and output again. 4. Deactivating RAS\ causes the data in the buffer to be written back into the memory array.Certain timing rules must be obeyed to guarantee reliable operation. 1. RAS\ must remain inactivate for a while before the next memory cycle is started to and Column Access Times of 15-40 ns. Speed grades usually refer to the former, more important figure.Note that the Memory Cycle Time, which is the minimum time from the beginning of one access to the beginning of the next, is longer than the Row Access Time (because of the Precharge Time).Multiplexing the address pins saves pins on the chip, but usually requires additional logic in the system to properly generate the address and control usually preferred when (because of the required memory size) the additional cost for the control logic is outweighed by the lower price.Based on these principles, chip designers have developed many varieties to improve performance or ease system integration of DRAMs:PSRAMs (Pseudo Static Random Access Memory) are essentially DRAMs with a built-in address multiplexor and refresh controller. This saves some system substitute because it is sometimes busy when doing self-refresh, which can be tedious.Nibble Mode DRAM can supply four successive bits on one data line by clocking the CAS\ line.Page Mode DRAM is a standard DRAM where any number of accesses to the currently open row can be made while the RAS signal is kept active.Static Column DRAM is similar to Page Mode DRAM, but to access different bits in the open row, only the column address needs to be changed while the CAS\ signal stays active. The row buffer essentially behaves like SRAM.Extended Data Out DRAM (EDO DRAM) can continue to output data from one address while setting up a new address, for use in pipelined systems.DRAM used for Video RAM (VRAM) has an additional long shift register that can be loaded from the row buffer. The shift register can be regarded as a second most of the time for updating the display data, thereby speeding up display data manipulations.SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) adds a separate clock signal to the control signals. It allows more complex state machines on the chip and high speed burst accesses that clock a series of successive bits out (similar to the nibble mode).CDRAM (Cached DRAM) adds a separate static RAM array used for caching. It essentially combines main memory and cache memory in a single chip. The cache memory controller needs to be added externally.RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) changes the system interface of DRAM completely. A byte-wide bus is used for address, data and command transfers. The bus operates at very compensated by a very fast data transfer, especially for burst accesses to a block of successive locations.A number of different refresh modes can be included in some of the above device varieties:RAS\ only refresh: a row is refreshed by an ordinary read access without asserting CAS\. The data output remains disabled.CAS\ before RAS\ refresh: the device has a built-in counter for the refresh row address. By activating CAS\ before activating RAS\, this counter is selected to supply the row address instead of the address inputs.Self-Refresh: The device is able to generate refresh cycles internally. No external control signal transitions other than those for bringing the device into self-refresh mode are needed to maintain data integrity. (1996-07-11)
dynamic random-access memory "storage" (DRAM) A type of {semiconductor} memory in which the information is stored in {capacitors} on a {MOS} {integrated circuit}. Typically each {bit} is stored as an amount of electrical charge in a storage cell consisting of a capacitor and a {transistor}. Due to leakage the capacitor discharges gradually and the memory cell loses the information. Therefore, to preserve the information, the memory has to be refreshed periodically. Despite this inconvenience, the DRAM is a very popular memory technology because of its high density and consequent low price. The first commercially available DRAM chip was the {Intel 1103}, introduced in 1970. Early DRAM chips, containing up to a 16k x 1 (16384 locations of one bit each), needed 3 supply voltages (+5V, -5V and +12V). Beginning with the 64 kilobit chips, {charge pumps} were included on-chip to create the necessary supply voltages out of a single +5V supply. This was necessary to fit the device into a 16-pin {DIL} package, which was the preferred package at the time, and also made them easier to use. To reduce the pin count, thereby helping miniaturisation, DRAMs generally had a single data line which meant that a computer with an N bit wide {data bus} needed a "bank" of (at least) N DRAM chips. In a bank, the address and control signals of all chips were common and the data line of each chip was connected to one of the data bus lines. Beginning with the 256 kilobit DRAM, a tendency toward {surface mount} packaging arose and DRAMs with more than one data line appeared (e.g. 64k x 4), reducing the number of chips per bank. This trend has continued and DRAM chips with up to 36 data lines are available today. Furthermore, together with surface mount packages, memory manufacturers began to offer memory modules, where a bank of memory chips was preassembled on a little {printed circuit} board (SIP = Single Inline Pin Module, SIMM = Single Inline Memory Module, DIMM = Dual Inline Memory Module). Today, this is the preferred way to buy memory for {workstations} and {personal computers}. DRAM bit cells are arranged on a chip in a grid of rows and columns where the number of rows and columns are usually a power of two. Often, but not always, the number of rows and columns is the same. A one megabit device would then have 1024 x 1024 memory cells. A single memory cell can be selected by a 10-bit row address and a 10-bit column address. To access a memory cell, one entire row of cells is selected and its contents are transferred into an on-chip buffer. This discharges the storage capacitors in the bit cells. The desired bits are then read or written in the buffer. The (possibly altered) information is finally written back into the selected row, thereby refreshing all bits (recharging the capacitors) in the row. To prevent data loss, all bit cells in the memory need to be refreshed periodically. This can be done by reading all rows in regular intervals. Most DRAMs since 1970 have been specified such that one of the rows needs to be refreshed at least every 15.625 microseconds. For a device with 1024 rows, a complete refresh of all rows would then take up to 16 ms; in other words, each cell is guaranteed to hold the data for 16 ms without refresh. Devices with more rows have accordingly longer retention times. Many varieties of DRAM exist today. They differ in the way they are interfaced to the system - the structure of the memory cell itself is essentially the same. "Traditional" DRAMs have multiplexed address lines and separate data inputs and outputs. There are three control signals: RAS\ (row address strobe), CAS\ (column address strobe), and WE\ (write enable) (the backslash indicates an {active low} signal). Memory access procedes as follows: 1. The control signals initially all being inactive (high), a memory cycle is started with the row address applied to the address inputs and a falling edge of RAS\ . This latches the row address and "opens" the row, transferring the data in the row to the buffer. The row address can then be removed from the address inputs since it is latched on-chip. 2. With RAS\ still active, the column address is applied to the address pins and CAS\ is made active as well. This selects the desired bit or bits in the row which subsequently appear at the data output(s). By additionally activating WE\ the data applied to the data inputs can be written into the selected location in the buffer. 3. Deactivating CAS\ disables the data input and output again. 4. Deactivating RAS\ causes the data in the buffer to be written back into the memory array. Certain timing rules must be obeyed to guarantee reliable operation. 1. RAS\ must remain inactivate for a while before the next memory cycle is started to provide sufficient time for the storage capacitors to charge (Precharge Time). 2. It takes some time from the falling edge of the RAS\ or CAS\ signals until the data appears at the data output. This is specified as the Row Access Time and the Column Access Time. Current DRAM's have Row Access Times of 50-100 ns and Column Access Times of 15-40 ns. Speed grades usually refer to the former, more important figure. Note that the Memory Cycle Time, which is the minimum time from the beginning of one access to the beginning of the next, is longer than the Row Access Time (because of the Precharge Time). Multiplexing the address pins saves pins on the chip, but usually requires additional logic in the system to properly generate the address and control signals, not to mention further logic for refresh. Therefore, DRAM chips are usually preferred when (because of the required memory size) the additional cost for the control logic is outweighed by the lower price. Based on these principles, chip designers have developed many varieties to improve performance or ease system integration of DRAMs: PSRAMs (Pseudo Static Random Access Memory) are essentially DRAMs with a built-in address {multiplexor} and refresh controller. This saves some system logic and makes the device look like a normal {SRAM}. This has been popular as a lower cost alternative for SRAM in {embedded systems}. It is not a complete SRAM substitute because it is sometimes busy when doing self-refresh, which can be tedious. {Nibble Mode DRAM} can supply four successive bits on one data line by clocking the CAS\ line. {Page Mode DRAM} is a standard DRAM where any number of accesses to the currently open row can be made while the RAS signal is kept active. Static Column DRAM is similar to Page Mode DRAM, but to access different bits in the open row, only the column address needs to be changed while the CAS\ signal stays active. The row buffer essentially behaves like SRAM. {Extended Data Out DRAM} (EDO DRAM) can continue to output data from one address while setting up a new address, for use in {pipelined} systems. DRAM used for Video RAM ({VRAM}) has an additional long shift register that can be loaded from the row buffer. The shift register can be regarded as a second interface to the memory that can be operated in parallel to the normal interface. This is especially useful in {frame buffers} for {CRT} displays. These frame buffers generate a serial data stream that is sent to the CRT to modulate the electron beam. By using the shift register in the VRAM to generate this stream, the memory is available to the computer through the normal interface most of the time for updating the display data, thereby speeding up display data manipulations. SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) adds a separate clock signal to the control signals. It allows more complex {state machines} on the chip and high speed "burst" accesses that clock a series of successive bits out (similar to the nibble mode). CDRAM (Cached DRAM) adds a separate static RAM array used for caching. It essentially combines main memory and {cache} memory in a single chip. The cache memory controller needs to be added externally. RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) changes the system interface of DRAM completely. A byte-wide bus is used for address, data and command transfers. The bus operates at very high speed: 500 million transfers per second. The chip operates synchronously with a 250MHz clock. Data is transferred at both rising and falling edges of the clock. A system with signals at such frequencies must be very carefully designed, and the signals on the Rambus Channel use nonstandard signal levels, making it incompatible with standard system logic. These disadvantages are compensated by a very fast data transfer, especially for burst accesses to a block of successive locations. A number of different refresh modes can be included in some of the above device varieties: RAS\ only refresh: a row is refreshed by an ordinary read access without asserting CAS\. The data output remains disabled. CAS\ before RAS\ refresh: the device has a built-in counter for the refresh row address. By activating CAS\ before activating RAS\, this counter is selected to supply the row address instead of the address inputs. Self-Refresh: The device is able to generate refresh cycles internally. No external control signal transitions other than those for bringing the device into self-refresh mode are needed to maintain data integrity. (1996-07-11)
Electing a Pope "electronics, humour" (From the smoke signals given out when the guys in funny hats choose a new Pope) Causing an {integrated circuit} or other electronic component to emit smoke by passing too much current through it. See {magic smoke}. (1995-08-18)
Electing a Pope ::: (electronics, humour) (From the smoke signals given out when the guys in funny hats choose a new Pope) Causing an integrated circuit or other electronic component to emit smoke by passing too much current through it.See magic smoke. (1995-08-18)
electromigration "electronics" Mass transport due to momentum exchange between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. Electromigration causes progressive damage to the metal conductors in an {integrated circuit}. It is characteristic of metals at very high current density and temperatures of 100C or more. The term was coined by Professor Hilbert Huntington in the late 1950s because he didn't like the German use of the word "electrotransport". Mass transoport occurs via the Einstein relation J=DFC/kT where F is the driving force for the transoport. For electromigraiton F is z*epj and z* is an electromigration parameter relating the momentum exchange and z is the charge of the "diffusing" species. (1999-02-25)
electromigration ::: (electronics) Mass transport due to momentum exchange between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. Electromigration causes progressive damage to the metal conductors in an integrated circuit. It is characteristic of metals at very high current density and temperatures of 100C or more.The term was coined by Professor Hilbert Huntington in the late 1950s because he didn't like the German use of the word electrotransport.Mass transoport occurs via the Einstein relation J=DFC/kT where F is the driving force for the transoport. For electromigraiton F is z*epj and z* is an electromigration parameter relating the momentum exchange and z is the charge of the diffusing species. (1999-02-25)
Electronic Design Automation "application" (EDA) Software tools for the development of {integrated circuits} and systems. Companies selling EDA tools include {Cadence}, {Intergraph}, {Mentor}, {Synopsys}, {Viewlogic}. {Zuken-Redac Dazix} has been acquired by Intergraph. (1995-10-09)
Electronic Design Automation ::: (application) (EDA) Software tools for the development of integrated circuits and systems.Companies selling EDA tools include Cadence, Intergraph, Mentor, Synopsys, Viewlogic. Zuken-Redac Dazix has been acquired by Intergraph. (1995-10-09)
Eli Compiler Construction System "tool" A compiler generation package which integrates off-the-shelf tools and libraries with specialised language processors to generate complete compilers quickly and reliably. It simplifies the development of new special-purpose languages, implementation of existing languages on new hardware and extension of the constructs and features of existing languages. It runs on {Sun-4} {SunOS} 4, 5, {Ultrix}/{MIPS}, {RS/6000}, {HP-UX}, {SGI}, {Linux}. {Colorado U (ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/cs/distribs/eli/)}. {Europe (ftp://ftp.upb.de/unix/eli)}. Mailing list: "eli-request@cs.colorado.edu". E-mail: "compiler@uni-paderborn.de", Developers "elibugs@cs.colorado.edu", Users "eli@cs.colorado.edu". (2000-08-12)
Eli Compiler Construction System ::: (tool) A compiler generation package which integrates off-the-shelf tools and libraries with specialised language processors to generate complete special-purpose languages, implementation of existing languages on new hardware and extension of the constructs and features of existing languages.It runs on Sun-4 SunOS 4, 5, Ultrix/MIPS, RS/6000, HP-UX, SGI, Linux.Latest version 4.3.1, as of 2000-08-07 . .Mailing list: .E-mail: , Developers .(2000-08-12)
Elixir [from Arabic al iksir possibly from Greek xeros dry] An alchemical agent, the so-called power of transmutation, also the elixir of life and the universal solvent. The alchemists knew that the gross compound elements must spring from a single element, at once life and matter, not subject to decay — for the homogeneous cannot disintegrate. This was their elixir, able to extract pure gold from alloys, to dissolve all substances, and to revivify and perpetuate the life of mortal being: “he who would allopropise sluggish oxygen into ozone to a measure of alchemical activity, reducing it to its pure essence (for which there are means), would discover thereby a substitute for an ‘elixir of life’ and prepare it for practical use” (SD 1:144n).
EMU8000 ::: (multimedia, hardware, music) The Advanced WavEffect music synthesizer integrated circuit used on the SB AWE32 card.The EMU8000 is a sub-system offering high quality music synthesis and an effect engine which provides musical effects like reverb and chorus to MIDI playback. The EMU8000 supports up to 32 voices, and the effect amount for each voice can be controlled via MIDI. (1996-12-15)
EMU8000 "multimedia, hardware, music" The "{Advanced WavEffect}" music synthesizer {integrated circuit} used on the {SB AWE32} card. The EMU8000 is a sub-system offering high quality music synthesis and an "effect {engine}" which provides musical effects like reverb and chorus to {MIDI} playback. The EMU8000 supports up to 32 voices, and the effect amount for each voice can be controlled via MIDI. (1996-12-15)
Enhanced Directory Service "operating system" (EDS) A common, distributed, integrated, {directory service} with centralized and/or replicated administration. [Reference?] (2003-06-18)
Enhanced Directory Service ::: (operating system) (EDS) A common, distributed, integrated, directory service with centralized and/or replicated administration.[Reference?](2003-06-18)
Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics {Advanced Technology Attachment Interface with Extensions}
enhancement "marketing" 1. A change intended to make a product better in some way, e.g. new functions, faster, or occasionally more compatible with other systems. Enhancements to {hardware} components, especially {integrated circuits} often mean they are smaller and less demanding of resources. Sadly, this is almost never true of {software} enhancements. Examples include {Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications}, {Enhanced Capabilities Port}, {Enhanced Directory Service}, {Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory}, {Enhanced Graphics Adapter}, {Enhanced IDE}, {Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics}, {enhanced parallel port}, {Enhanced Small Disk Interface}, {List Enhanced}, {Privacy Enhanced Mail}. 2. {Marketroid}-speak for a {bug fix}. This abuse of language is a popular and time-tested way to turn incompetence into increased revenue. A hacker being ironic would instead call the fix a {feature}, or perhaps save some effort by declaring "{That's not a bug, that's a feature!}". [{Jargon File}] (1998-04-04)
Enterprise Application Integration "software" (EAI) The use of {middleware} to integrate the {application programs}, {databases}, and {legacy systems} involved in an organisation's critical business processes. [Example?] (1999-09-28)
Enterprise Application Integration ::: (software) (EAI) The use of middleware to integrate the application programs, databases, and legacy systems involved in an organisation's critical business processes.[Example?] (1999-09-28)
Envoy ::: Motorola's integrated personal wireless communicator. Envoy is a personal digital assistant which incorporates two-way wireless and wireline application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) referred to as Astro. This chip set was designed specifically for Magic Cap and Telescript.A user can write on the Envoy communicator with the accompanying stylus or a finger, to type and select or move objects on its screen. An on-screen keyboard can be used to input information, draw or write personal notations, or send handwritten messages and faxes.Envoy can send a wireless message to another Envoy, PC or fax; broadcast a message to a group, with each member of that group receiving the message in analyze information in spreadsheets and graphs compatible with Lotus 1-2-3 and Excel; shop in an electronic mall. .[Was it released in Q3 '94?] (1995-01-18)
Envoy {Motorola}'s integrated personal wireless communicator. Envoy is a {personal digital assistant} which incorporates two-way wireless and wireline communication. It was announced on 7 March 1994 and released in the third quarter of 1994. It runs {Genral Magic}'s {Magic Cap} {operating system} and Telescript(TM) communications language on Motorola's {Dragon} chip set. This includes the highly integrated {Motorola 68349} processor and a special purpose {application specific integrated circuit} (ASIC) referred to as Astro. This chip set was designed specifically for {Magic Cap} and {Telescript}. A user can write on the Envoy communicator with the accompanying stylus or a finger, to type and select or move objects on its screen. An on-screen keyboard can be used to input information, draw or write personal notations, or send handwritten messages and faxes. Envoy can send a wireless message to another Envoy, {PC} or fax; broadcast a message to a group, with each member of that group receiving the message in their preferred format; gather information based on your requirements; schedule a meeting and automatically invite attendees; screen, route and organise messages; send a business card to another Envoy across a conference room table; access real-time scheduling and pricing information for US airline flights, then order tickets via fax or {electronic mail}; keep track of contacts through an address book; receive daily news summaries and stock information; capture, organize and review business and personal expenses on-the-go; gather, edit and analyze information in spreadsheets and graphs compatible with {Lotus 1-2-3} and {Excel}; shop in an electronic mall. {(http://motorola.com/MIMS/WDG/Technology/Envoy/)}. [Was it released in Q3 '94?] (1995-01-18)
esim ::: A language for simulation of VLSI at the switch level. The primitives are nodes and transistors.[C.M. Baker et al, Tools for Verifying Integrated CIrcuit Design, Lambda 1(3):22-30 (1980)]. (1994-10-20)
esim A language for {simulation} of {VLSI} at the {switch level}. The {primitives} are nodes and {transistors}. [C.M. Baker et al, "Tools for Verifying Integrated CIrcuit Design", Lambda 1(3):22-30 (1980)]. (1994-10-20)
EUnet Ltd. EUnet Ltd. is jointly owned by the EUnet national service providers and {EurOpen}, the European Forum for Open Systems. EUnet services include {electronic mail} ({Internet}-style {RFC 822} as well as {X.400}), {InterEUnet} ({Internet Protocol}) connectivity and services such as {remote login} and {file transfer} over {leased lines}, {dial-up lines}, {X.25} and {Integrated Services Digital Network}. EUnet is the primary European region provider of {network news} and the top-level European distributor of {Internet Talk Radio}. EUnet operates its own infrastructure across Europe and is the largest European component of the {Internet}. EUnet is a member of {Commercial Internet Exchange} and {Ebone93}, a research network consortium. E-mail: "info@EU.net". {(http://eu.net/)}.
Euro-ISDN ::: European Integrated Services Digital Network.An ETSI standard for Integrated Services Digital Network being phased in in March 1994. Euro-ISDN will allow full transparent interworking between all European countries (members of the CEPT). It is available on a commercial basis in most European countries. (1994-12-08)
Euro-ISDN European Integrated Services Digital Network. An {ETSI} standard for {Integrated Services Digital Network} being phased in in March 1994. Euro-ISDN will allow full transparent interworking between all European countries (members of the {CEPT}). It is available on a commercial basis in most European countries. (1994-12-08)
fat electrons ::: (electronics, humour) Old-time hacker David Cargill's theory on the cause of computer glitches. Your typical electricity company draws its line current have to turn a sharp corner (as in an integrated-circuit via), they're apt to get stuck. This is what causes computer glitches.[Obviously, fat electrons must gain mass by bogon absorption - ESR]Compare bogon, magic smoke.[Jargon File] (1996-12-08)
fat electrons "electronics, humour" Old-time hacker David Cargill's theory on the cause of computer glitches. Your typical electricity company draws its line current out of the big generators with a pair of coil taps located near the top of the dynamo. When the normal tap brushes get dirty, they take them off line to clean them up, and use special auxiliary taps on the *bottom* of the coil. Now, this is a problem, because when they do that they get not ordinary or "thin" electrons, but the fat sloppy electrons that are heavier and so settle to the bottom of the generator. These flow down ordinary wires just fine, but when they have to turn a sharp corner (as in an integrated-circuit via), they're apt to get stuck. This is what causes computer glitches. [Obviously, fat electrons must gain mass by {bogon} absorption - ESR] Compare {bogon}, {magic smoke}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-12-08)
Feel (Free and Eventually Eulisp) An initial implementation of an {EuLisp} {interpreter} by Pete Broadbery "pab@maths.bath.ac.uk". Version 0.75 features an integrated {object} system, {modules}, {parallelism}, interfaces to {PVM} library, {TCP/IP} {sockets}, {futures}, {Linda} and {CSP}. Portable to most {Unix} systems. Can use {shared memory} and {threads} if available. {(ftp://ftp.bath.ac.uk/pub/eulisp/)}. (1992-09-14)
Finder "operating system" The part of the {Macintosh Operating System} and {GUI} that simulates the {desktop}. The {multitasking} version of Finder was called "{MultiFinder}" until {multitasking} was integrated into the core of the OS with the introduction of System 7.0 in 1990. (2005-03-18)
Finder ::: (operating system) The part of the Macintosh Operating System and GUI that simulates the desktop. The multitasking version of Finder was called MultiFinder until multitasking was integrated into the core of the OS with the introduction of System 7.0 in 1990.(2005-03-18)
Floating-Point Unit ::: (FPU) A floating-point accelerator, usually in a single integrated circuit, possible on the same IC as the central processing unit. (1994-10-27)
Floating-Point Unit "hardware" (FPU) A {floating-point accelerator}, usually in a single {integrated circuit}, possible on the same IC as the {central processing unit}. (1994-10-27)
form factor "hardware" The type of packaging of a processor {integrated circuit}, e.g. {PPGA}, {FC-PGA}. More generally, a term popular among {marketroids} in 1998, denoting the shape of something designed. (2000-08-26)
form factor ::: (hardware) The type of packaging of a processor integrated circuit, e.g. PPGA, FC-PGA.More generally, a term popular among marketroids in 1998, denoting the shape of something designed.(2000-08-26)
fourth generation computer "architecture" A computer built using {Very Large Scale Integration} (VLSI) {integrated circuits}, especially a {microcomputer} based on a {microprocesseor}, or a {parallel processor} containing two to thousands of {CPUs}. VLSI made it routine to fabricate an entire CPU, main memory, or similar device with a single integrated circuit that can be mass produced at very low cost. This has resulted in new classes of machines such as {personal computers}, and high performance parallel processors that contains thousands of CPUs. (1996-11-22)
fourth generation computer ::: (architecture) A computer built using Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) integrated circuits, especially a microcomputer based on a microprocesseor, or a parallel processor containing two to thousands of CPUs.VLSI made it routine to fabricate an entire CPU, main memory, or similar device with a single integrated circuit that can be mass produced at very low cost. This has resulted in new classes of machines such as personal computers, and high performance parallel processors that contains thousands of CPUs. (1996-11-22)
Frame Relay ::: (communications) A DTE-DCE interface specification based on LAPD (Q.921), the Integrated Services Digital Network version of LAPB (X.25 data link layer). A common specification was produced by a consortium of StrataCom, Cisco, Digital, and Northern Telecom.Frame Relay is the result of wide area networking requirements for speed; LAN-WAN and LAN-LAN internetworking; bursty data communications; multiplicity Frame Relay could connect dedicated lines and X.25 to ATM, SMDS, BISDN and other fast packet technologies.Frame Relay uses the same basic data link layer framing and Frame Check Sequence so current X.25 hardware still works. It adds addressing (a 10-bit Data Link X.25's session layer but adds some simple interface management. Any network layer protocol can be used over the data link layer Frames. .(2000-07-14)
Frame Relay "communications" A {DTE}-{DCE} interface specification based on {LAPD} (Q.921), the {Integrated Services Digital Network} version of {LAPB} ({X.25} {data link layer}). A common specification was produced by a consortium of {StrataCom}, {Cisco}, {Digital}, and Northern Telecom. Frame Relay is the result of {wide area network}ing requirements for speed; {LAN}-{WAN} and LAN-LAN {internetworking}; "bursty" data communications; multiplicity of {protocols} and {protocol transparency}. These requirements can be met with technology such as {optical fibre} lines, allowing higher speeds and fewer transmission errors; intelligent network end devices ({personal computers}, {workstations}, and {servers}); standardisation and adoption of ISDN protocols. Frame Relay could connect dedicated lines and {X.25} to {ATM}, {SMDS}, {BISDN} and other "{fast packet}" technologies. Frame Relay uses the same basic {data link layer} {framing} and {Frame Check Sequence} so current {X.25} hardware still works. It adds addressing (a 10-bit {Data Link Connection Identifier} (DLCI)) and a few control bits but does not include retransmissions, link establishment, windows or error recovery. It has none of X.25's {session layer} but adds some simple interface management. Any {network layer} protocol can be used over the data link layer Frames. {Frame Relay Resource Center (http://alliancedatacom.com/framerelay.asp)}. (2000-07-14)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft "company" (FhG, FhG IIS, Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen) A german company, named after the physicist. IIS is Integrated Circuit Institute. FhG are known for their research on {audio compression}, especially {MPEG-1 Layer-3} (MP3). {Home (https://www.izb.fraunhofer.de/)}. (2019-05-27)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft ::: (company) (FhG, FhG IIS, Institut f�r Integrierte Schaltungen) A german company, named after the physicist. IIS is Integrated Circuit Institute.FhG are known for their research on audio compression, especially MPEG-1 Layer-3 (MP3).(2001-12-04)
full-custom Design of {integrated circuits} at the transistor or polygon level. This is in contrast to the use of libraries of components. Full-custom design requires considerable skill and experience and is usually only feasible for simple circuits, especially ones with much repetition, such as memory device, where a small saving in the size and power consumption of a component will yield a large overall saving. (1994-12-01)
full-custom ::: Design of integrated circuits at the transistor or polygon level. This is in contrast to the use of libraries of components. Full-custom design requires small saving in the size and power consumption of a component will yield a large overall saving. (1994-12-01)
FUSE ::: A DEC software development environment for ULTRIX, offering an integrated toolkit for developing, testing, debugging and maintenance.
FUSE A {DEC} {software development environment} for {ULTRIX}, offering an integrated toolkit for developing, testing, debugging and maintenance.
FX-87 Effects. A {polymorphic} language based on {Scheme}, allowing {side effects} and {first-class} functions. It attempts to integrate functional and {imperative programming}. Expressions have types, side effects (e.g. reading, writing or allocating) and regions (stating where the effects may occur). Versions: FX-89, {FX-90}. {(ftp://brokaw.lcs.mit.edu/)}. ["The FX-87 Reference Manual", D.K. Gifford "gifford@lcs.mit.edu" et al, MIT/LCS/TR-407, Oct 1987]. (1995-01-31)
FX-87 ::: Effects. A polymorphic language based on Scheme, allowing side effects and first-class functions. It attempts to integrate functional and imperative programming. Expressions have types, side effects (e.g. reading, writing or allocating) and regions (stating where the effects may occur).Versions: FX-89, FX-90. .[The FX-87 Reference Manual, D.K. Gifford (1995-01-31)
GADS ::: Picture retrieval language. Integrated Geographical Databases: The GADS Experience, P.E. Mantey et al, in Database Techniques for Pictorial Applications, A. Blaser ed, pp.193-198.
GADS Picture retrieval language. "Integrated Geographical Databases: The GADS Experience", P.E. Mantey et al, in Database Techniques for Pictorial Applications, A. Blaser ed, pp.193-198.
GCOS "operating system" /jee'kohs/ An {operating system} developed by {General Electric} from 1962; originally called GECOS (the General Electric Comprehensive Operating System). The GECOS-II operating system was developed by {General Electric} for the 36-bit {GE-635} in 1962-1964. Contrary to rumour, GECOS was not cloned from {System/360} [{DOS/360}?] - the GE-635 architecture was very different from the {IBM 360} and GECOS was more ambitious than DOS/360. GE Information Service Divsion developed a large special multi-computer system that was not publicised because they did not wish {time sharing} customers to challenge their bills. Although GE ISD was marketing {DTSS} - the first commercial time sharing system - GE Computer Division had no license from Dartmouth and GE-ISD to market it to external customers, so they designed a time-sharing system to sell as a standard part of GECOS-III, which replaced GECOS-II in 1967. GECOS TSS was more general purpose than DTSS, it was more a programmer's tool (program editing, e-mail on a single system) than a BASIC TSS. The {GE-645}, a modified 635 built by the same people, was selected by {MIT} and {Bell} for the {Multics} project. Multics' infancy was as painful as any infancy. Bell pulled out in 1969 and later produced {Unix}. After the buy-out of GE's computer division by {Honeywell}, GECOS-III was renamed GCOS-3 (General Comprehensive Operating System). Other OS groups at Honeywell began referring to it as "God's Chosen Operating System", allegedly in reaction to the GCOS crowd's uninformed and snotty attitude about the superiority of their product. [Can anyone confirm this?] GCOS won and this led in the orphaning and eventual death of Honeywell {Multics}. Honeywell also decided to launch a new product line called Level64, and later DPS-7. It was decided to mainatin, at least temporarily, the 36-bit machine as top of the line, because GCOS-3 was so successfull in the 1970s. The plan in 1972-1973 was that GCOS-3 and Multics should converge. This plan was killed by Honeywell management in 1973 for lack of resources and the inability of Multics, lacking {databases} and {transaction processing}, to act as a business operating system without a substantial reinvestment. The name "GCOS" was extended to all Honeywell-marketed product lines and GCOS-64, a completely different 32-bit operating system, significanctly inspired by Multics, was designed in France and Boston. GCOS-62, another different 32-bit low-end DOS level was designed in Italy. GCOS-61 represented a new version of a small system made in France and the new {DPS-6} 16-bit {minicomputer} line got GCOS-6. When the intended merge between GCOS-3 and Multics failed, the Phoenix designers had in mind a big upgrade of the architecture to introduce {segmentation} and {capabilities}. GCOS-3 was renamed GCOS-8, well before it started to use the new features which were introduced in next generation hardware. The GCOS licenses were sold to the Japanese companies {NEC} and {Toshiba} who developed the Honeywell products, including GCOS, much further, surpassing the {IBM 3090} and {IBM 390}. When Honeywell decided in 1984 to get its top of the range machines from NEC, they considered running Multics on them but the Multics market was considered too small. Due to the difficulty of porting the ancient Multics code they considered modifying the NEC hardware to support the Multics compilers. GCOS3 featured a good {Codasyl} {database} called IDS (Integrated Data Store) that was the model for the more successful {IDMS}. Several versions of transaction processing were designed for GCOS-3 and GCOS-8. An early attempt at TP for GCOS-3, not taken up in Europe, assumed that, as in {Unix}, a new process should be started to handle each transaction. IBM customers required a more efficient model where multiplexed {threads} wait for messages and can share resources. Those features were implemented as subsystems. GCOS-3 soon acquired a proper {TP monitor} called Transaction Driven System (TDS). TDS was essentially a Honeywell development. It later evolved into TP8 on GCOS-8. TDS and its developments were commercially successful and predated IBM {CICS}, which had a very similar architecture. GCOS-6 and GCOS-4 (ex-GCOS-62) were superseded by {Motorola 68000}-based {minicomputers} running {Unix} and the product lines were discontinued. In the late 1980s Bull took over Honeywell and Bull's management chose Unix, probably with the intent to move out of hardware into {middleware}. Bull killed the Boston proposal to port Multics to a platform derived from DPS-6. Very few customers rushed to convert from GCOS to Unix and new machines (of CMOS technology) were still to be introduced in 1997 with GCOS-8. GCOS played a major role in keeping Honeywell a dismal also-ran in the {mainframe} market. Some early Unix systems at {Bell Labs} used GCOS machines for print spooling and various other services. The field added to "/etc/passwd" to carry GCOS ID information was called the "{GECOS field}" and survives today as the "pw_gecos" member used for the user's full name and other human-ID information. [{Jargon File}] (1998-04-23)
GCOS ::: (operating system) /jee'kohs/ An operating system developed by General Electric from 1962; originally called GECOS (the General Electric Comprehensive Operating System).The GECOS-II operating system was developed by General Electric for the 36-bit GE-635 in 1962-1964. Contrary to rumour, GECOS was not cloned from System/360 [DOS/360?] - the GE-635 architecture was very different from the IBM 360 and GECOS was more ambitious than DOS/360.GE Information Service Divsion developed a large special multi-computer system that was not publicised because they did not wish time sharing customers to GECOS TSS was more general purpose than DTSS, it was more a programmer's tool (program editing, e-mail on a single system) than a BASIC TSS.The GE-645, a modified 635 built by the same people, was selected by MIT and Bell for the Multics project. Multics' infancy was as painful as any infancy. Bell pulled out in 1969 and later produced Unix.After the buy-out of GE's computer division by Honeywell, GECOS-III was renamed GCOS-3 (General Comprehensive Operating System). Other OS groups at Honeywell their product. [Can anyone confirm this?] GCOS won and this led in the orphaning and eventual death of Honeywell Multics.Honeywell also decided to launch a new product line called Level64, and later DPS-7. It was decided to mainatin, at least temporarily, the 36-bit machine as lacking databases and transaction processing, to act as a business operating system without a substantial reinvestment.The name GCOS was extended to all Honeywell-marketed product lines and GCOS-64, a completely different 32-bit operating system, significanctly inspired small system made in France and the new DPS-6 16-bit minicomputer line got GCOS-6.When the intended merge between GCOS-3 and Multics failed, the Phoenix designers had in mind a big upgrade of the architecture to introduce segmentation and capabilities. GCOS-3 was renamed GCOS-8, well before it started to use the new features which were introduced in next generation hardware.The GCOS licenses were sold to the Japanese companies NEC and Toshiba who developed the Honeywell products, including GCOS, much further, surpassing the IBM 3090 and IBM 390.When Honeywell decided in 1984 to get its top of the range machines from NEC, they considered running Multics on them but the Multics market was considered too small. Due to the difficulty of porting the ancient Multics code they considered modifying the NEC hardware to support the Multics compilers.GCOS3 featured a good Codasyl database called IDS (Integrated Data Store) that was the model for the more successful IDMS.Several versions of transaction processing were designed for GCOS-3 and GCOS-8. An early attempt at TP for GCOS-3, not taken up in Europe, assumed that, as in required a more efficient model where multiplexed threads wait for messages and can share resources. Those features were implemented as subsystems.GCOS-3 soon acquired a proper TP monitor called Transaction Driven System (TDS). TDS was essentially a Honeywell development. It later evolved into TP8 on GCOS-8. TDS and its developments were commercially successful and predated IBM CICS, which had a very similar architecture.GCOS-6 and GCOS-4 (ex-GCOS-62) were superseded by Motorola 68000-based minicomputers running Unix and the product lines were discontinued.In the late 1980s Bull took over Honeywell and Bull's management choose Unix, probably with the intent to move out of hardware into middleware. Bull killed technology) are still to be introduced in 1997 with GCOS-8. GCOS played a major role in keeping Honeywell a dismal also-ran in the mainframe market.Some early Unix systems at Bell Labs used GCOS machines for print spooling and various other services. The field added to /etc/passwd to carry GCOS ID information was called the GECOS field and survives today as the pw_gecos member used for the user's full name and other human-ID information.[Jargon File] (1998-04-23)
Generic Array Logic "hardware, integrated circuit" (GAL) A newer kind of {Programmable Array Logic} based on {EEPROM} storage cells, been pioneered by {Lattice}. GALs can be erased and reprogrammed and usually replace a whole set of different PALs (hence the name). (1995-12-09)
Generic Array Logic ::: (hardware, integrated circuit) (GAL) A newer kind of Programmable Array Logic based on EEPROM storage cells, been pioneered by Lattice. GALs can be erased and reprogrammed and usually replace a whole set of different PALs (hence the name). (1995-12-09)
glue language "language" Any language, usually a {scripting language}, used to write {glue} to integrate tools and other programs to solve some problem. (1999-02-22)
glue language ::: (language) Any language, usually a scripting language, used to write glue to integrate tools and other programs to solve some problem. (1999-02-22)
GMD "company, history" A former German research centre. Full name: "GMD - Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik GmbH" (German National Research Center for Information Technology). Before April 1995, GMD stood for "Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung" - National Research Center for Computer Science, it is retained for historical reasons. In 2000-2001 GMD was integrated into the {FhG} (Fraunhofer Society for the Advancement of Applied Research). The gmd.de website says (in German): "GMD (Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik GmbH, before March 1995: Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH) no longer exists!" Address: PO Box 1316, D-53731 Sankt Augustin 1, Germany (1995-04-10)
Goffin "language" A {definitional constraint language} for {declarative} parallel programming. Goffin systematically integrates {equational constraints} and functions within a uniform framework of {concurrent} programming. Goffin is an embedding of a functional language kernel ({Haskell}) into a layer of constraint logic, which allows {logical variables} inside functional expressions. In order to preserve {referential transparency}, functional {reduction} suspends until logical variables become bound. Logical variables are bound by equational constraints, which impose relations over expressions. Hence, constraints are the means to structure the concurrent reduction of functional expressions. (1995-02-21)
Goffin ::: (language) A definitional constraint language for declarative parallel programming. Goffin systematically integrates equational constraints and functions within a uniform framework of concurrent programming.Goffin is an embedding of a functional language kernel (Haskell) into a layer of constraint logic, which allows logical variables inside functional expressions. In order to preserve referential transparency, functional reduction suspends until logical variables become bound.Logical variables are bound by equational constraints, which impose relations over expressions. Hence, constraints are the means to structure the concurrent reduction of functional expressions. (1995-02-21)
Greg Olson "person" President and CEO of {Sendmail Inc.}. Olson is an industry veteran who worked on {distributed systems} at {Summit Systems Inc.} then at {Britton Lee Inc.}, {Sybase Inc.} and {Integrated Systems Inc.}. (1998-08-25)
Greg Olson ::: (person) President and CEO of Sendmail Inc.. Olson is an industry veteran who worked on distributed systems at Summit Systems Inc. then at Britton Lee Inc., Sybase Inc. and Integrated Systems Inc.. (1998-08-25)
Gunning Transceiver Logic ::: (electronics, hardware, integrated circuit, standard) (GTL) A standard for electrical signals in CMOS circuits used to provide higher data transfer speeds with smaller voltage swings [compared with what?].The GTL signal swings between 0.4 volts and 1.2 volts with a reference voltage of about 0.8 volts. Only a small deviation of 0.4 volts (or thereabouts) from the reference voltage is required to switch between on and off states. Therefore, a GTL signal is said to be a low voltage swing logic signal.Gunning Transceiver Logic has several advantages. The resistive termination of a GTL signal provides a clean signalling environment [what?]. Moreover, the low resistive elements. GTL has low power dissipation and can operate at high frequency and causes less electromagnetic interference (EMI). .(2000-01-16)
Gunning Transceiver Logic "electronics, hardware, integrated circuit, standard" (GTL) A {standard} for electrical signals in {CMOS} circuits used to provide higher data transfer speeds with smaller voltage swings [compared with what?]. The GTL signal swings between 0.4 volts and 1.2 volts with a reference voltage of about 0.8 volts. Only a small deviation of 0.4 volts (or thereabouts) from the reference voltage is required to switch between on and off states. Therefore, a GTL signal is said to be a low voltage swing logic signal. Gunning Transceiver Logic has several advantages. The {resistive termination} of a GTL signal provides a clean signalling environment [what?]. Moreover, the low terminating voltage of 1.2 volts results in reduced voltage drops across the resistive elements. GTL has low power dissipation and can operate at high frequency and causes less {electromagnetic interference} (EMI). {GTL/BTL: A Low-Swing Solution for High-Speed Digital Logic (http://edtn.com/scribe/reference/appnotes/md003ecc.htm)}. (2000-01-16)
H.261 "networking, standard" A {video compression} {standard} developed by {ITU-T} before 1992 to work with {integrated service digital network}. Data is compressed at the rate of 64P kilobits per second, where P can range from 1 to 30 depending on the number of ISDN channels used. This standard was developed primarily to support {video phones} and {video conferencing}. See also {ivs}. {(http://crs4.it/~luigi/MPEG/mpeggloss-h.html
H.261 ::: (networking, standard) A video compression standard developed by ITU-T before 1992 to work with integrated service digital network. Data is compressed on the number of ISDN channels used. This standard was developed primarily to support video phones and video conferencing.See also ivs. .[Date? Details?] (1994-11-03)
Hardware Description Language "language" (HDL) A kind of language used for the conceptual design of {integrated circuits}. Examples are {VHDL} and {Verilog}. (1995-04-18)
Hardware Description Language ::: (language) (HDL) A kind of language used for the conceptual design of integrated circuits. Examples are VHDL and Verilog. (1995-04-18)
Harvest C ::: A C compiler, assembler and linker for the Macintosh by Eric W. Sink. The parts of the system are integrated in a single application, which manages a project composed by several C source files and resource files (which contain data). Version 1.3. . (1992-05-26)
Harvest C A {C} compiler, assembler and linker for the {Macintosh} by Eric W. Sink. The parts of the system are integrated in a single application, which manages a "project" composed by several C source files and resource files (which contain data). Version 1.3. {(ftp://archive.umich.edu/mac/development/languages/)}. (1992-05-26)
Hermes "language" An experimental, very high level, integrated language and system from the {IBM} {Watson Research Centre}, produced in June 1990. It is designed for implementation of large systems and distributed applications, as well as for general-purpose programming. It is an {imperative language}, {strongly typed} and is a {process-oriented} successor to {NIL}. Hermes hides distribution and heterogeneity from the programmer. The programmer sees a single {abstract machine} containing processes that communicate using calls or sends. The {compiler}, not the programmer, deals with the complexity of data structure layout, local and remote communication, and interaction with the {operating system}. As a result, Hermes programs are portable and easy to write. Because the programming paradigm is simple and high level, there are many opportunities for optimisation which are not present in languages which give the programmer more direct control over the machine. Hermes features {threads}, {relational tables}Hermes is, {typestate} checking, {capability}-based access and {dynamic configuration}. Version 0.8alpha patchlevel 01 runs on {RS/6000}, {Sun-4}, {NeXT}, {IBM-RT}/{BSD4.3} and includes a {bytecode compiler}, a bytecode-"C compiler and {run-time support}. {0.7alpha for Unix (ftp://software.watson.ibm.com/pub/hermes)}. E-mail: "hermes-request@watson.ibm.com", Andy Lowry "lowry@watson.ibm.com". {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.hermes}. ["Hermes: A Language for Distributed Computing". Strom, Bacon, Goldberg, Lowry, Yellin, Yemini. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1991. ISBN: O-13-389537-8]. (1992-03-22)
Hermes ::: (language) An experimental, very high level, integrated language and system from the IBM Watson Research Centre, produced in June 1990. It is well as for general-purpose programming. It is an imperative, strongly typed and process-oriented successor to NIL.Hermes hides distribution and heterogeneity from the programmer. The programmer sees a single abstract machine containing processes that communicate using calls opportunities for optimisation which are not present in languages which give the programmer more direct control over the machine.Hermes features threads, relational tablesHermes is, typestate checking, capability-based access and dynamic configuration.Version 0.8alpha patchlevel 01 runs on RS/6000, Sun-4, NeXT, IBM-RT/BSD4.3 and includes a bytecode compiler, a bytecode->C compiler and run-time support. .E-mail: , Andy Lowry .Usenet newsgroup: comp.lang.hermes.[Hermes: A Language for Distributed Computing. Strom, Bacon, Goldberg, Lowry, Yellin, Yemini. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1991. ISBN: O-13-389537-8]. (1992-03-22)
High Performance Computing and Communications ::: (HPCC) High performance computing includes scientific workstations, supercomputer systems, high speed networks, special purpose and experimental systems software with all components well integrated and linked over a high speed network.[Grand Challenges 1993: High Performance Computing and Communications, Committee on Physical, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences of the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology.]
High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) High performance computing includes scientific workstations, supercomputer systems, high speed networks, special purpose and experimental systems, the new generation of large scale parallel systems, and application and systems software with all components well integrated and linked over a high speed network. ["Grand Challenges 1993: High Performance Computing and Communications", Committee on Physical, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences of the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology.]
IBM 704 "computer" A large, scientific computer made by {IBM} and used by the largest commercial, government and educational institutions. The IBM 704 had 36-bit memory words, 15-bit addresses and instructions with one address. A few {index register} instructions had the infamous 15-bit decrement field in addition to the 15-bit address. The 704, and {IBM 709} which had the same basic architecture, represented a substantial step forward from the {IBM 650}'s {magnetic drum} storage as they provided random access at electronic speed to {core storage}, typically 32k words of 36 bits each. [Or did the 704 actually come *before* the 650?] A typical 700 series installation would be in a specially built room of perhaps 1000 to 2000 square feet, with cables running under a raised floor and substantial air conditioning. There might be up to eight {magnetic tape} transports, each about 3 x 3 x 6 feet, on one or two "channels." The 1/2 inch tape had seven tracks and moved at 150 inches per second, giving a read/write speed of 15,000 six bit characters (plus parity) per second. In the centre would be the operator's {console} consisting of cabinets and tables for storage of tapes and boxes of cards; and a {card reader}, a {card punch}, and a {line printer}, each perhaps 4 x 4 x 5 feet in dimension. Small {jobs} could be entered via {punched cards} at the console, but as a rule the user jobs were transferred from cards to {magnetic tape} by {off-line} equipment and only control information was entered at the console (see {SPOOL}). Before each job, the {operating system} was loaded from a read-only system tape (because the system in {core} could have been corrupted by the previous user), and then the user's program, in the form of card images on the input tape, would be run. Program output would be written to another tape (typically on another channel) for printing off-line. Well run installations would transfer the user's cards to tape, run the job, and print the output tape with a turnaround time of one to four hours. The processing unit typically occupied a position symmetric but opposite the operator's console. Physically the largest of the units, it included a glass enclosure a few feet in dimension in which could be seen the "core" about one foot on each side. The 36-bit word could hold two 18-bit addresses called the "Contents of the Address Register" ({CAR}) and the "Contents of the Decrement Register" ({CDR}). On the opposite side of the floor from the tape drives and operator's console would be a desk and bookshelves for the ever-present (24 hours a day) "field engineer" dressed in, you guessed it, a grey flannel suit and tie. The maintenance of the many thousands of {vacuum tubes}, each with limited lifetime, and the cleaning, lubrication, and adjustment of mechanical equipment, was augmented by a constant flow of {bug} reports, change orders to both hardware and software, and hand-holding for worried users. The 704 was oriented toward scientific work and included {floating point} hardware and the first {Fortran} implementation. Its hardware was the basis for the requirement in some programming languages that loops must be executed at least once. The {IBM 705} was the business counterpart of the 704. The 705 was a decimal machine with a circular register which could hold several variables (numbers, values) at the same time. Very few 700 series computers remained in service by 1965, but the {IBM 7090}, using {transistors} but similar in logical structure, remained an important machine until the production of the earliest {integrated circuits}. [Was the 704 scientific, business or general purpose? Difference between 704 and 709?] (1996-01-24)
IBM 704 ::: (computer) A large, scientific computer made by IBM and used by the largest commercial, government and educational institutions.The IBM 704 had 36-bit memory words, 15-bit addresses and instructions with one address. A few index register instructions had the infamous 15-bit decrement field in addition to the 15-bit address.The 704, and IBM 709 which had the same basic architecture, represented a substantial step forward from the IBM 650's magnetic drum storage as they provided random access at electronic speed to core storage, typically 32k words of 36 bits each.[Or did the 704 actually come *before* the 650?]A typical 700 series installation would be in a specially built room of perhaps 1000 to 2000 square feet, with cables running under a raised floor and tape had seven tracks and moved at 150 inches per second, giving a read/write speed of 15,000 six bit characters (plus parity) per second.In the centre would be the operator's console consisting of cabinets and tables for storage of tapes and boxes of cards; and a card reader, a card punch, and a output would be written to another tape (typically on another channel) for printing off-line.Well run installations would transfer the user's cards to tape, run the job, and print the output tape with a turnaround time of one to four hours.The processing unit typically occupied a position symmetric but opposite the operator's console. Physically the largest of the units, it included a glass Contents of the Address Register (CAR) and the Contents of the Decrement Register (CDR).On the opposite side of the floor from the tape drives and operator's console would be a desk and bookshelves for the ever-present (24 hours a day) field augmented by a constant flow of bug reports, change orders to both hardware and software, and hand-holding for worried users.The 704 was oriented toward scientific work and included floating point hardware and the first Fortran implementation. Its hardware was the basis for the requirement in some programming languages that loops must be executed at least once.The IBM 705 was the business counterpart of the 704. The 705 was a decimal machine with a circular register which could hold several variables (numbers, values) at the same time.Very few 700 series computers remained in service by 1965, but the IBM 7090, using transistors but similar in logical structure, remained an important machine until the production of the earliest integrated circuits.[Was the 704 scientific, business or general purpose? Difference between 704 and 709?] (1996-01-24)
IC ::: 1. (hardware) integrated circuit.2. Independent Carrier.3. Imperial College. (1997-04-12)
IC 1. "hardware" {integrated circuit}. 2. {Independent Carrier}. 3. {Imperial College}. (1997-04-12)
ICAM ::: Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing
ICAM {Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing}
I-CASE ::: Integrated CASE. Another term for an IPSE.
I-CASE Integrated {CASE}. Another term for an {IPSE}.
ICES ::: Integrated Civil Engineering System. Subsystems include COGO, STRUDL, BRIDGE, LEASE, PROJECT, ROADS and TRANSET. Internal languages include ICETRAN and CDL. An Integrated Computer System for Engineering Problem Solving, D. Roos, Proc SJCC 27(2), AFIPS (Spring 1965). Sammet 1969, pp.615-620.
ICES Integrated Civil Engineering System. Subsystems include COGO, STRUDL, BRIDGE, LEASE, PROJECT, ROADS and TRANSET. Internal languages include ICETRAN and CDL. "An Integrated Computer System for Engineering Problem Solving", D. Roos, Proc SJCC 27(2), AFIPS (Spring 1965). Sammet 1969, pp.615-620.
IDE ::: 1. (storage) Integrated Drive Electronics, see Advanced Technology Attachment.2. (programming, tool) integrated development environment.3. (company) Interactive Development Environments.(2002-04-14)
IDE 1. "storage" Integrated Drive Electronics, see {Advanced Technology Attachment}. 2. "programming, tool" {integrated development environment}. 3. "company" {Interactive Development Environments}. (2002-04-14)
IDMS ::: 1. (language, database) A pictorial query language, an extension of Sequel2.[A Management System for an Integrated Database of Pictures and Alphanumeric Data, G.Y. Tang, Computer Graphics Image Processing 16:270-286 (1981)].2. (database) Integrated Database Management System.(2002-06-10)
IDMS 1. "language, database" A pictorial {query language}, an extension of {Sequel2}. ["A Management System for an Integrated Database of Pictures and Alphanumeric Data", G.Y. Tang, Computer Graphics Image Processing 16:270-286 (1981)]. 2. "database" {Integrated Database Management System}. (2002-06-10)
IDS/I ::: Integrated Data Store. AN extension to COBOL involving chains (circular lists), for General Electric computers.[A General Purpose Programming System for Random Access Memories, C.W. Bachman et al, Proc FJCC 26(1), AFIPS (Fall 1964)].[Sammet 1969, p. 376].
IDS/I Integrated Data Store. An extension to {COBOL} involving "chains" (circular lists), for {General Electric} computers. ["A General Purpose Programming System for Random Access Memories", C.W. Bachman et al, Proc FJCC 26(1), AFIPS (Fall 1964)]. [Sammet 1969, p. 376].
IHS ::: Integrated Home System
IHS {Integrated Home System}
IIDMS/R {Integrated database management system}
IIL ::: Integrated Injection Logic
IIL {Integrated Injection Logic}
IIT {Integrated Information Technology}
IMSE {Integrated Modelling Support Environment}
Information Resource Management (IRM) A philosophical and practical approach to managing government information. Information is regarded as a valuable resource which should be managed like other resources, and should contribute directly to accomplishing organisational goals and objectives. IRM provides an integrated view for managing the entire life-cycle of information, from generation, to dissemination, to archiving and/or destruction, for maximising the overall usefulness of information, and improving service delivery and program management. IRM views information and {Information Technology} as an integrating factor in the organisation, that is, the various organisational positions that manage information are coordinated and work together toward common ends. Further, IRM looks for ways in which the management of information and the management of Information Technology are interrelated, and fosters that interrelationship and organisational integration. IRM includes the management of (1) the broad range of information resources, e.g., printed materials, electronic information, and microforms, (2) the various technologies and equipment that manipulate these resources, and (3) the people who generate, organise, and disseminate those resources. Overall the intent of IRM is to increase the usefulness of government information both to the government and to the public. [Gary D. Blass et al. "Finding Government Information: The Federal Information Locator System (FILS)", Government Information Quarterly, JAI Press, Inc., Greenwich, Connecticut. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 11-32. 1991]. (1995-11-12)
In his chief work, the Ethica, Spinoza's teaching is expressed in a manner for which geometry supplies the model. This expository device served various purposes. It may be interpreted as a clue to Spinoza's ideal of knowledge. So understood, it represents the condensed and ordered expression, not of 'philosophy' alone, but rather of all knowledge, 'philosophy' and 'science', as an integrated system. In such an ideal ordering of ideas, (rational) theology and metaphysics provide the anchorage for the system. On the one hand, the theology-metaphysics displays the fundamental principles (definitions, postulates, axioms) upon which the anchorage depends, and further displays in deductive fashion the primary fund of ideas upon which the inquiries of science, both 'descriptive' and 'normative' must proceed. On the other hand, the results of scientific inquiry are anchored at the other end, by a complementary metaphysico-theological development of their significance. Ideally, there obtains, for Spinoza, both an initial theology and metaphysics -- a necessary preparation for science -- and a culminating theology and metaphysics, an interpretative absorption of the conclusions of science.
integrable ::: a. --> Capable of being integrated.
INTEGRAL YOGA ::: This yoga accepts the value of cosmic existence and holds it to be a reality; its object is to enter into a higher Truth-Consciousness or Divine Supramental Consciousness in which action and creation are the expression not of ignorance and imperfection, but of the Truth, the Light, the Divine Ānanda. But for that, the surrender of the mortal mind, life and body to the Higher Consciousnessis indispensable, since it is too difficult for the mortal human being to pass by its own effort beyond mind to a Supramental Consciousness in which the dynamism is no longer mental but of quite another power. Only those who can accept the call to such a change should enter into this yoga.
Aim of the Integral Yoga ::: It is not merely to rise out of the ordinary ignorant world-consciousness into the divine consciousness, but to bring the supramental power of that divine consciousness down into the ignorance of mind, life and body, to transform them, to manifest the Divine here and create a divine life in Matter.
Conditions of the Integral Yoga ::: This yoga can only be done to the end by those who are in total earnest about it and ready to abolish their little human ego and its demands in order to find themselves in the Divine. It cannot be done in a spirit of levity or laxity; the work is too high and difficult, the adverse powers in the lower Nature too ready to take advantage of the least sanction or the smallest opening, the aspiration and tapasyā needed too constant and intense.
Method in the Integral Yoga ::: To concentrate, preferably in the heart and call the presence and power of the Mother to take up the being and by the workings of her force transform the consciousness. One can concentrate also in the head or between the eye-brows, but for many this is a too difficult opening. When the mind falls quiet and the concentration becomes strong and the aspiration intense, then there is the beginning of experience. The more the faith, the more rapid the result is likely to be. For the rest one must not depend on one’s own efforts only, but succeed in establishing a contact with the Divine and a receptivity to the Mother’s Power and Presence.
Integral method ::: The method we have to pursue is to put our whole conscious being into relation and contact with the Divine and to call Him in to transform Our entire being into His, so that in a sense God Himself, the real Person in us, becomes the sādhaka of the sādhana* as well as the Master of the Yoga by whom the lower personality is used as the centre of a divine transfiguration and the instrument of its own perfection. In effect, the pressure of the Tapas, the force of consciousness in us dwelling in the Idea of the divine Nature upon that which we are in our entirety, produces its own realisation. The divine and all-knowing and all-effecting descends upon the limited and obscure, progressively illumines and energises the whole lower nature and substitutes its own action for all the terms of the inferior human light and mortal activity.
In psychological fact this method translates itself into the progressive surrender of the ego with its whole field and all its apparatus to the Beyond-ego with its vast and incalculable but always inevitable workings. Certainly, this is no short cut or easy sādhana. It requires a colossal faith, an absolute courage and above all an unflinching patience. For it implies three stages of which only the last can be wholly blissful or rapid, - the attempt of the ego to enter into contact with the Divine, the wide, full and therefore laborious preparation of the whole lower Nature by the divine working to receive and become the higher Nature, and the eventual transformation. In fact, however, the divine strength, often unobserved and behind the veil, substitutes itself for the weakness and supports us through all our failings of faith, courage and patience. It” makes the blind to see and the lame to stride over the hills.” The intellect becomes aware of a Law that beneficently insists and a Succour that upholds; the heart speaks of a Master of all things and Friend of man or a universal Mother who upholds through all stumblings. Therefore this path is at once the most difficult imaginable and yet in comparison with the magnitude of its effort and object, the most easy and sure of all.
There are three outstanding features of this action of the higher when it works integrally on the lower nature. In the first place, it does not act according to a fixed system and succession as in the specialised methods of Yoga, but with a sort of free, scattered and yet gradually intensive and purposeful working determined by the temperament of the individual in whom it operates, the helpful materials which his nature offers and the obstacles which it presents to purification and perfection. In a sense, therefore, each man in this path has his own method of Yoga. Yet are there certain broad lines of working common to all which enable us to construct not indeed a routine system, but yet some kind of Shastra or scientific method of the synthetic Yoga.
Secondly, the process, being integral, accepts our nature such as it stands organised by our past evolution and without rejecting anything essential compels all to undergo a divine change. Everything in us is seized by the hands of a mighty Artificer and transformed into a clear image of that which it now seeks confusedly to present. In that ever-progressive experience we begin to perceive how this lower manifestation is constituted and that everything in it, however seemingly deformed or petty or vile, is the more or less distorted or imperfect figure of some elements or action in the harmony of the divine Nature. We begin to understand what the Vedic Rishis meant when they spoke of the human forefathers fashioning the gods as a smith forges the crude material in his smithy.
Thirdly, the divine Power in us uses all life as the means of this integral Yoga. Every experience and outer contact with our world-environment, however trifling or however disastrous, is used for the work, and every inner experience, even to the most repellent suffering or the most humiliating fall, becomes a step on the path to perfection. And we recognise in ourselves with opened eyes the method of God in the world, His purpose of light in the obscure, of might in the weak and fallen, of delight in what is grievous and miserable. We see the divine method to be the same in the lower and in the higher working; only in the one it is pursued tardily and obscurely through the subconscious in Nature, in the other it becomes swift and selfconscious and the instrument confesses the hand of the Master. All life is a Yoga of Nature seeking to manifest God within itself. Yoga marks the stage at which this effort becomes capable of self-awareness and therefore of right completion in the individual. It is a gathering up and concentration of the movements dispersed and loosely combined in the lower evolution.
Key-methods ::: The way to devotion and surrender. It is the psychic movement that brings the constant and pure devotion and the removal of the ego that makes it possible to surrender.
The way to knowledge. Meditation in the head by which there comes the opening above, the quietude or silence of the mind and the descent of peace etc. of the higher consciousness generally till it envelops the being and fills the body and begins to take up all the movements.
Yoga by works ::: Separation of the Purusha from the Prakriti, the inner silent being from the outer active one, so that one has two consciousnesses or a double consciousness, one behind watching and observing and finally controlling and changing the other which is active in front. The other way of beginning the yoga of works is by doing them for the Divine, for the Mother, and not for oneself, consecrating and dedicating them till one concretely feels the Divine Force taking up the activities and doing them for one.
Object of the Integral Yoga is to enter into and be possessed by the Divine Presence and Consciousness, to love the Divine for the Divine’s sake alone, to be tuned in our nature into the nature of the Divine, and in our will and works and life to be the instrument of the Divine.
Principle of the Integral Yoga ::: The whole principle of Integral Yoga is to give oneself entirely to the Divine alone and to nobody else, and to bring down into ourselves by union with the Divine Mother all the transcendent light, power, wideness, peace, purity, truth-consciousness and Ānanda of the Supramental Divine.
Central purpose of the Integral Yoga ::: Transformation of our superficial, narrow and fragmentary human way of thinking, seeing, feeling and being into a deep and wide spiritual consciousness and an integrated inner and outer existence and of our ordinary human living into the divine way of life.
Fundamental realisations of the Integral Yoga ::: The psychic change so that a complete devotion can be the main motive of the heart and the ruler of thought, life and action in constant union with the Mother and in her Presence. The descent of the Peace, Power, Light etc. of the Higher Consciousness through the head and heart into the whole being, occupying the very cells of the body. The perception of the One and Divine infinitely everywhere, the Mother everywhere and living in that infinite consciousness.
Results ::: First, an integral realisation of Divine Being; not only a realisation of the One in its indistinguishable unity, but also in its multitude of aspects which are also necessary to the complete knowledge of it by the relative consciousness; not only realisation of unity in the Self, but of unity in the infinite diversity of activities, worlds and creatures.
Therefore, also, an integral liberation. Not only the freedom born of unbroken contact of the individual being in all its parts with the Divine, sāyujya mukti, by which it becomes free even in its separation, even in the duality; not only the sālokya mukti by which the whole conscious existence dwells in the same status of being as the Divine, in the state of Sachchidananda ; but also the acquisition of the divine nature by the transformation of this lower being into the human image of the divine, sādharmya mukti, and the complete and final release of all, the liberation of the consciousness from the transitory mould of the ego and its unification with the One Being, universal both in the world and the individual and transcendentally one both in the world and beyond all universe.
By this integral realisation and liberation, the perfect harmony of the results of Knowledge, Love and Works. For there is attained the complete release from ego and identification in being with the One in all and beyond all. But since the attaining consciousness is not limited by its attainment, we win also the unity in Beatitude and the harmonised diversity in Love, so that all relations of the play remain possible to us even while we retain on the heights of our being the eternal oneness with the Beloved. And by a similar wideness, being capable of a freedom in spirit that embraces life and does not depend upon withdrawal from life, we are able to become without egoism, bondage or reaction the channel in our mind and body for a divine action poured out freely upon the world.
The divine existence is of the nature not only of freedom, but of purity, beatitude and perfection. In integral purity which shall enable on the one hand the perfect reflection of the divine Being in ourselves and on the other the perfect outpouring of its Truth and Law in us in the terms of life and through the right functioning of the complex instrument we are in our outer parts, is the condition of an integral liberty. Its result is an integral beatitude, in which there becomes possible at once the Ānanda of all that is in the world seen as symbols of the Divine and the Ānanda of that which is not-world. And it prepares the integral perfection of our humanity as a type of the Divine in the conditions of the human manifestation, a perfection founded on a certain free universality of being, of love and joy, of play of knowledge and of play of will in power and will in unegoistic action. This integrality also can be attained by the integral Yoga.
Sādhanā of the Integral Yoga does not proceed through any set mental teaching or prescribed forms of meditation, mantras or others, but by aspiration, by a self-concentration inwards or upwards, by a self-opening to an Influence, to the Divine Power above us and its workings, to the Divine Presence in the heart and by the rejection of all that is foreign to these things. It is only by faith, aspiration and surrender that this self-opening can come.
The yoga does not proceed by upadeśa but by inner influence.
Integral Yoga and Gita ::: The Gita’s Yoga consists in the offering of one’s work as a sacrifice to the Divine, the conquest of desire, egoless and desireless action, bhakti for the Divine, an entering into the cosmic consciousness, the sense of unity with all creatures, oneness with the Divine. This yoga adds the bringing down of the supramental Light and Force (its ultimate aim) and the transformation of the nature.
Our yoga is not identical with the yoga of the Gita although it contains all that is essential in the Gita’s yoga. In our yoga we begin with the idea, the will, the aspiration of the complete surrender; but at the same time we have to reject the lower nature, deliver our consciousness from it, deliver the self involved in the lower nature by the self rising to freedom in the higher nature. If we do not do this double movement, we are in danger of making a tamasic and therefore unreal surrender, making no effort, no tapas and therefore no progress ; or else we make a rajasic surrender not to the Divine but to some self-made false idea or image of the Divine which masks our rajasic ego or something still worse.
Integral Yoga, Gita and Tantra ::: The Gita follows the Vedantic tradition which leans entirely on the Ishvara aspect of the Divine and speaks little of the Divine Mother because its object is to draw back from world-nature and arrive at the supreme realisation beyond it.
The Tantric tradition leans on the Shakti or Ishvari aspect and makes all depend on the Divine Mother because its object is to possess and dominate the world-nature and arrive at the supreme realisation through it.
This yoga insists on both the aspects; the surrender to the Divine Mother is essential, for without it there is no fulfilment of the object of the yoga.
Integral Yoga and Hatha-Raja Yogas ::: For an integral yoga the special methods of Rajayoga and Hathayoga may be useful at times in certain stages of the progress, but are not indispensable. Their principal aims must be included in the integrality of the yoga; but they can be brought about by other means. For the methods of the integral yoga must be mainly spiritual, and dependence on physical methods or fixed psychic or psychophysical processes on a large scale would be the substitution of a lower for a higher action. Integral Yoga and Kundalini Yoga: There is a feeling of waves surging up, mounting to the head, which brings an outer unconsciousness and an inner waking. It is the ascending of the lower consciousness in the ādhāra to meet the greater consciousness above. It is a movement analogous to that on which so much stress is laid in the Tantric process, the awakening of the Kundalini, the Energy coiled up and latent in the body and its mounting through the spinal cord and the centres (cakras) and the Brahmarandhra to meet the Divine above. In our yoga it is not a specialised process, but a spontaneous upnish of the whole lower consciousness sometimes in currents or waves, sometimes in a less concrete motion, and on the other side a descent of the Divine Consciousness and its Force into the body.
Integral Yoga and other Yogas ::: The old yogas reach Sachchidananda through the spiritualised mind and depart into the eternally static oneness of Sachchidananda or rather pure Sat (Existence), absolute and eternal or else a pure Non-exist- ence, absolute and eternal. Ours having realised Sachchidananda in the spiritualised mind plane proceeds to realise it in the Supramcntal plane.
The suprcfhe supra-cosmic Sachchidananda is above all. Supermind may be described as its power of self-awareness and W’orld- awareness, the world being known as within itself and not out- side. So to live consciously in the supreme Sachchidananda one must pass through the Supermind.
Distinction ::: The realisation of Self and of the Cosmic being (without which the realisation of the Self is incomplete) are essential steps in our yoga ; it is the end of other yogas, but it is, as it were, the beginning of outs, that is to say, the point where its own characteristic realisation can commence.
It is new as compared with the old yogas (1) Because it aims not at a departure out of world and life into Heaven and Nir- vana, but at a change of life and existence, not as something subordinate or incidental, but as a distinct and central object.
If there is a descent in other yogas, yet it is only an incident on the way or resulting from the ascent — the ascent is the real thing. Here the ascent is the first step, but it is a means for the descent. It is the descent of the new coosdousness attain- ed by the ascent that is the stamp and seal of the sadhana. Even the Tantra and Vaishnavism end in the release from life ; here the object is the divine fulfilment of life.
(2) Because the object sought after is not an individual achievement of divine realisation for the sake of the individual, but something to be gained for the earth-consciousness here, a cosmic, not solely a supra-cosmic acbievement. The thing to be gained also is the bringing of a Power of consciousness (the Supramental) not yet organised or active directly in earth-nature, even in the spiritual life, but yet to be organised and made directly active.
(3) Because a method has been preconized for achieving this purpose which is as total and integral as the aim set before it, viz., the total and integral change of the consciousness and nature, taking up old methods, but only as a part action and present aid to others that are distinctive.
Integral Yoga and Patanjali Yoga ::: Cilia is the stuff of mixed mental-vital-physical consciousness out of which arise the movements of thought, emotion, sensation, impulse etc.
It is these that in the Patanjali system have to be stilled altogether so that the consciousness may be immobile and go into Samadhi.
Our yoga has a different function. The movements of the ordinary consciousness have to be quieted and into the quietude there has to be brought down a higher consciousness and its powers which will transform the nature.
Integrated Database Management System ::: (database) (IDMS) A network DBMS written by the staff of B.F.Goorich (Akron, Ohio, USA) circa 1972 and sold to Cullinet (Originally Cullinane, now part of Computer Associates).IDMS was licensed to ICL in 1976 for porting to, and subsequent development on, their computers. It was implemented on the ICL 1900 Series (DME George 2, George 3, CME, TME), System 4, and ICL 2900 Series (later Series 39 Corporate Servers). The latest version runs on Series 39 OpenVME as IDMSX (IDMS extended).[Was it a relational database?] (1995-04-19)
Integrated Database Management System "database" (IDMS) A network {DBMS} written by the staff of B.F.Goorich (Akron, Ohio, USA) circa 1972 and sold to {Cullinet} (Originally Cullinane, now part of {Computer Associates}). IDMS was licensed to {ICL} in 1976 for porting to, and subsequent development on, their computers. It was implemented on the {ICL 1900} Series ({DME} {George 2}, {George 3}, {CME}, {TME}), {System 4}, and {ICL 2900} Series (later Series 39 Corporate Servers). The latest version runs on Series 39 {OpenVME} as IDMSX (IDMS extended). [Was it a {relational database}?] (1995-04-19)
Integrated Drive Electronics {Advanced Technology Attachment}
Integrated Information Technology ::: (company) (IIT) A Santa Clara based company producing a programmable, single chip H.261 and MPEG system. The chip contains a RISC processor, originally based on the MIPS architecture but now called RISCit, and a Pixel Processor. (1994-11-03)
Integrated Information Technology "company" (IIT) A Santa Clara based company producing a programmable, single chip {H.261} and {MPEG} system. The chip contains a {RISC} processor, originally based on the {MIPS} architecture but now called {RISCit}, and a "Pixel Processor". (1994-11-03)
Integrated Modelling Support Environment "project" (IMSE) An {Esprit} programme. [Details?] (1999-04-26)
Integrated Modelling Support Environment ::: (project) (IMSE) An Esprit programme.[Details?] (1999-04-26)
Integrated Project Support Environment "software" (IPSE) A set of management and technical tools to support software development, usually integrated in a coherent framework, equivalent to a {Software Engineering Environment}. (1999-04-26)
Integrated Project Support Environment ::: (software) (IPSE) A set of management and technical tools to support software development, usually integrated in a coherent framework, equivalent to a Software Engineering Environment. (1999-04-26)
Integrated Services Digital Network "communications" (ISDN) A set of communications {standards} allowing a single wire or {optical fibre} to carry voice, digital network services and video. ISDN is intended to eventually replace the {plain old telephone system}. ISDN was first published as one of the 1984 {ITU-T} {Red Book} recommendations. The 1988 {Blue Book} recommendations added many new features. ISDN uses mostly existing {Public Switched Telephone Network} (PSTN) switches and wiring, upgraded so that the basic "call" is a 64 kilobits per second, all-digital end-to-end channel. {Packet} and {frame} modes are also provided in some places. There are different kinds of ISDN connection of varying bandwidth (see {DS level}): DS0 = 1 channel PCM at 64 kbps T1 or DS1 = 24 channels PCM at 1.54 Mbps T1C or DS1C = 48 channels PCM at 3.15 Mbps T2 or DS2 = 96 channels PCM at 6.31 Mbps T3 or DS3 = 672 channels PCM at 44.736 Mbps T4 or DS4 = 4032 channels PCM at 274.1 Mbps Each channel here is equivalent to one voice channel. DS0 is the lowest level of the circuit. T1C, T2 and T4 are rarely used, except maybe for T2 over microwave links. For some reason 64 kbps is never called "T0". A {Basic Rate Interface} (BRI) is two 64K "bearer" channels and a single "delta" channel ("2B+D"). A {Primary Rate Interface} (PRI) in North America and Japan consists of 24 channels, usually 23 B + 1 D channel with the same physical interface as T1. Elsewhere the PRI usually has 30 B + 1 D channel and an {E1} interface. A {Terminal Adaptor} (TA) can be used to connect ISDN channels to existing interfaces such as {EIA-232} and {V.35}. Different services may be requested by specifying different values in the "Bearer Capability" field in the call setup message. One ISDN service is "telephony" (i.e. voice), which can be provided using less than the full 64 kbps bandwidth (64 kbps would provide for 8192 eight-bit samples per second) but will require the same special processing or {bit diddling} as ordinary PSTN calls. Data calls have a Bearer Capability of "64 kbps unrestricted". ISDN is offered by local telephone companies, but most readily in Australia, France, Japan and Singapore, with the UK somewhat behind and availability in the USA rather spotty. (In March 1994) ISDN deployment in Germany is quite impressive, although (or perhaps, because) they use a specifically German signalling specification, called {1.TR.6}. The French {Numeris} also uses a non-standard protocol (called {VN4}; the 4th version), but the popularity of ISDN in France is probably lower than in Germany, given the ludicrous pricing. There is also a specifically-Belgian V1 experimental system. The whole of Europe is now phasing in {Euro-ISDN}. See also {Frame Relay}, {Network Termination}, {SAPI}. {FAQ (ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/usenet/news-info/comp.dcom.isdn/)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.dcom.isdn}. (1998-03-29)
Integrated Services Digital Network ::: (communications) (ISDN) A set of communications standards allowing a single wire or optical fibre to carry voice, digital network services and video. ISDN is intended to eventually replace the plain old telephone system.ISDN was first published as one of the 1984 ITU-T Red Book recommendations. The 1988 Blue Book recommendations added many new features. ISDN uses mostly so that the basic call is a 64 kilobits per second, all-digital end-to-end channel. Packet and frame modes are also provided in some places.There are different kinds of ISDN connection of varying bandwidth (see DS level): DS0 = 1 channel PCM at 64 kbpsT1 or DS1 = 24 channels PCM at 1.54 Mbps used, except maybe for T2 over microwave links. For some reason 64 kbps is never called T0.A Basic Rate Interface (BRI) is two 64K bearer channels and a single delta channel (2B+D). A Primary Rate Interface (PRI) in North America and Japan interface as T1. Elsewhere the PRI usually has 30 B + 1 D channel and an E1 interface.A Terminal Adaptor (TA) can be used to connect ISDN channels to existing interfaces such as EIA-232 and V.35.Different services may be requested by specifying different values in the Bearer Capability field in the call setup message. One ISDN service is require the same special processing or bit diddling as ordinary PSTN calls. Data calls have a Bearer Capability of 64 kbps unrestricted.ISDN is offered by local telephone companies, but most readily in Australia, France, Japan and Singapore, with the UK somewhat behind and availability in the USA rather spotty.(In March 1994) ISDN deployment in Germany is quite impressive, although (or perhaps, because) they use a specifically German signalling specification, Germany, given the ludicrous pricing. There is also a specifically-Belgian V1 experimental system. The whole of Europe is now phasing in Euro-ISDN.See also Frame Relay, Network Termination, SAPI. .Usenet newsgroup: comp.dcom.isdn. (1998-03-29)
Integrated Systems Architecture (ISA for {ODP}) An {Esprit} 2 project continuing the {ANSA} project. (1995-02-21)
Integrated Systems Architecture ::: (ISA for ODP) An Esprit 2 project continuing the ANSA project. (1995-02-21)
Integrated Systems Laboratory ::: (company) A joint project of Control Data Corporation and NCR Corporation, established in 1973 and dissolved in 1976.Integrated Systems Laboratory developed Software Writer's Language.Address: Escondidio, California, USA.(2003-12-31)
Integrated Systems Laboratory "company" A joint project of {Control Data Corporation} and {NCR Corporation}, established in 1973 and dissolved in 1976. Integrated Systems Laboratory developed {Software Writer's Language}. Address: Escondidio, California, USA. (2003-12-31)
integrating ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Integrate
INTEGRATION. ::: Everybody is an amalgamation not of two, but of many personalities. It is part of the yogic perfection in this yoga to accord and transmute them so as to ' integrate ’ the penonality.
integration testing "testing" A type of {testing} in which {software} and/or {hardware} components are combined and tested to confirm that they interact according to their requirements. Integration testing can continue progressively until the entire system has been integrated. (2003-09-24)
integration testing ::: (testing) A type of testing in which software and/or hardware components are combined and tested to confirm that they interact according to their requirements. Integration testing can continue progressively until the entire system has been integrated.(2003-09-24)
integrator ::: n. --> That which integrates; esp., an instrument by means of which the area of a figure can be measured directly, or its moment of inertia, or statical moment, etc., be determined.
Intel Corporation ::: (company) A US microelectronics manufacturer. They produced the Intel 4004, Intel 8080, Intel 8086, Intel 80186, Intel 80286, Intel 80386, Intel 486 and Pentium microprocessor families as well as many other integrated circuits and personal computer networking and communications products.Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce founded Intel in 1968 to design, manufacture, and market semiconductor computer memory to replace magnetic core memory, the after its incorporation. Three years later, in 1971, Intel introduced the world's first microprocessor, the Intel 4004.Intel has design, development, production, and administration facilities throughout the western US, Europe and Asia. In 1995 nearly 75% of the world's top ten American companies in terms of profit, one of the top 15 market value winners, and 16th out of the magazine's top 1,000 companies overall.Intel invested a record $2.9 billion in capital and R&D in 1993, and expects to increase combined spending on these activities to $3.5 billion in 1994. Quarterly sales were $2770M and profits, $640M in Aug 1994. .Address: Santa Clara, CA, USA. (1995-03-01)
Intel Corporation "company" A US microelectronics manufacturer. They produced the {Intel 4004}, {Intel 8080}, {Intel 8086}, {Intel 80186}, {Intel 80286}, {Intel 80386}, {Intel 486} and {Pentium} {microprocessor} families as well as many other {integrated circuits} and {personal computer} networking and communications products. Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce founded Intel in 1968 to design, manufacture, and market semiconductor computer memory to replace {magnetic core} memory, the dominant computer memory at that time. Dr. Andrew S. Grove joined Intel soon after its incorporation. Three years later, in 1971, Intel introduced the world's first {microprocessor}, the {Intel 4004}. Intel has design, development, production, and administration facilities throughout the western US, Europe and Asia. In 1995 nearly 75% of the world's {personal computers} use Intel architecture. Annual revenues are rapidly approaching $10 billion. In March, 1994, "Business Week" named Intel one of the top ten American companies in terms of profit, one of the top 15 market value winners, and 16th out of the magazine's top 1,000 companies overall. Intel invested a record $2.9 billion in capital and R&D in 1993, and expects to increase combined spending on these activities to $3.5 billion in 1994. Quarterly sales were $2770M and profits, $640M in Aug 1994. {(http://intel.com/)}. Address: Santa Clara, CA, USA. (1995-03-01)
IntelDX4 "processor" Essentially an {Intel 486DX} {microprocessor} with a 16 kilobyte on-chip {cache}. The DX4 is the fastest member of the {Intel 486} family. 75 and 100MHz versions are available. At an iCOMP index rating of 435, the 100 MHz DX4 performs up to 50% faster than the 66 MHz {Intel DX2}. The DX4's {clock multiplier} allows the processor to run three times faster than the {system clock}. This performance is achieved in part by a 16K on-chip {cache} (double that of the other 486s). The DX4 has an integrated {floating point unit}. Like the other 486s, the DX4 achieves performance through a {RISC} integer core that executes frequently used instructions in a single {clock cycle} (the {Pentium}'s can execute multiple instructions in a single clock cycle). Low power consumption has been achieved with {SL} Technology and a 0.6 micron manufacturing process, giving 1.6 million {transistors} on a single chip operating at only 3.3 Volts. "IntelDX4" is the entire name, the "486" has been dropped and I am assured that there is no space in the same. (1995-04-28)
IntelDX4 ::: (processor) Essentially an Intel 486DX microprocessor with a 16 kilobyte on-chip cache.The DX4 is the fastest member of the Intel 486 family. 75 and 100MHz versions are available. At an iCOMP index rating of 435, the 100 MHz DX4 performs up to achieved in part by a 16K on-chip cache (double that of the other 486s). The DX4 has an integrated floating point unit.Like the other 486s, the DX4 achieves performance through a RISC integer core that executes frequently used instructions in a single clock cycle (the Pentium's can execute multiple instructions in a single clock cycle).Low power consumption has been achieved with SL Technology and a 0.6 micron manufacturing process, giving 1.6 million transistors on a single chip operating at only 3.3 Volts.IntelDX4 is the entire name, the 486 has been dropped and I am assured that there is no space in the same. (1995-04-28)
Intel i960 ::: (processor) A superscalar 32-bit RISC microprocessor from Intel intended for embedded applications.The i960 CA variant can reach 66 native MIPS peak performance with a sustained execution of two instructions per clock cycle. The i960 CF has an on-chip, four cache. Both the CA and CF processors have on-chip RAM; a four-channel DMA unit; and integrated peripherals. (1996-05-23)
Intel i960 "processor" A {superscalar} 32-bit {RISC} {microprocessor} from {Intel} intended for {embedded} applications. The i960 CA variant can reach 66 native MIPS peak performance with a sustained execution of two instructions per clock cycle. The i960 CF has an on-chip, four kilobyte two-way {set-associative} {instruction cache} and a one kilobyte {data cache}. Both the CA and CF processors have on-chip {RAM}; a four-channel {DMA} unit; and integrated peripherals. (1996-05-23)
interactive development environment ::: (programming, tool) (IDE, integrated development environment) A system for supporting the process of writing software. Such a system may include a support for compiling and running the program and relating compilation errors back to the source.Such systems are typically both interactive and integrated, hence the ambiguous acronym. They are interactive in that the developer can view and alter the developer to see which line of source code is about to be executed and the current values of any variables it refers to.Examples include Visual C++ and Visual Basic.(2002-09-21)
interactive development environment "programming, tool" (IDE, integrated development environment) A system for supporting the process of writing software. Such a system may include a {syntax-directed editor}, graphical tools for program entry, and integrated support for compiling and running the program and relating compilation errors back to the {source}. Such systems are typically both interactive and integrated, hence the ambiguous acronym. They are interactive in that the developer can view and alter the execution of the program at the level of statements and variables. They are integrated in that, partly to support the above interaction, the source code editor and the execution environment are tightly coupled, e.g. allowing the developer to see which line of source code is about to be executed and the current values of any variables it refers to. Examples include {Visual C++} and {Visual Basic}. (2002-09-21)
Interface Definition Language ::: (IDL) 1. An OSF standard for defining RPC stubs.[Details?]2. Part of an effort by Project DOE at SunSoft, Inc. to integrate distributed object technology into the Solaris operating system. IDL provides the standard interface between objects, and is the base mechanism for object interaction.The Object Management Group's CORBA 1.1 (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) specifies the interface between objects. IDL (Interface Definition Language) is the base mechanism for object interaction.The SunSoft OMG IDL CFE (Compiler Front End) version 1.2 provides a complete framework for building CORBA 1.1-compliant preprocessors for OMG IDL. To use it Sun's current RPCL compiler. The IDL compiler front end allows integration of new back ends which can translate IDL to various programming languages.Several companies including Sunsoft are building back ends to the CFE which translate IDL into target languages, e.g. Pascal or C++, in the context of planned CORBA-compliant products. IDL requires C++ 2.1.Not to be confused with any of the other IDLs.E-mail: . , .Telephone: Mache Creeger, SunSoft, Inc. +1 (415) 336 5884. (1993-05-04)
Interface Definition Language (IDL) 1. An {OSF} standard for defining {RPC} stubs. [Details?] 2. Part of an effort by {Project DOE} at {SunSoft, Inc.} to integrate distributed {object} technology into the {Solaris} {operating system}. IDL provides the standard interface between objects, and is the base mechanism for object interaction. The {Object Management Group}'s {CORBA} 1.1 (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) specifies the interface between objects. IDL (Interface Definition Language) is the base mechanism for object interaction. The SunSoft OMG IDL CFE (Compiler Front End) version 1.2 provides a complete framework for building CORBA 1.1-compliant preprocessors for OMG IDL. To use it you write a back-end. A complete compiler of IDL would translate IDL into {client} side and {server} side routines for remote communication in the same manner as {Sun}'s current {RPCL} compiler. The IDL compiler front end allows integration of new back ends which can translate IDL to various programming languages. Several companies including Sunsoft are building back ends to the CFE which translate IDL into target languages, e.g. {Pascal} or {C++}, in the context of planned CORBA-compliant products. IDL requires C++ 2.1. Not to be confused with any of the other {IDLs}. E-mail: "idl-cfe@sun.com". {(ftp://omg.org/pub/omg_idl_cfe.tar.Z)}, {(ftp://omg.org/pub/OMG_IDL_CFE_1.2/)}. Telephone: Mache Creeger, SunSoft, Inc. +1 (415) 336 5884. (1993-05-04)
Internet Information Server "web" (IIS) {Microsoft's} {web server} and {FTP server} for {Windows NT}. IIS is intended to meet the needs of a range of users: from workgroups and departments on a corporate {intranet} to {ISPs} hosting {websites} that receive millions of {hits} per day. Features include innovative web publishing, customisable tools, {wizards}, customisable management tools, flexible administration options, and analysis tools. IIS makes it easy to share documents and information across a company intranet or the {Internet}, and is completely integrated with {Windows NT Directory Services}. IIS 1.0 was released for {Windows NT 3.51} and had a limited feature set. IIS 2.0 was released with {Windows NT 4.0} with a similar feature set to IIS 1.0. IIS 3.0 quickly followed with many additions including {Active Server Pages} (ASP), {ISAPI} and {ADO} 1.0. IIS 4.0 is built into {Windows NT Server 4.0}. It includes ASP 2.0, ISAPI and ADO 1.5. {(http://microsoft.com/iis)}. Rival servers include {Apache} and {Netscape Enterprise Server}. (1999-08-04)
Internet Information Server ::: (World-Wide Web) (IIS) Microsoft's web server and FTP server for Windows NT.IIS is intended to meet the needs of a range of users: from workgroups and departments on a corporate intranet to ISPs hosting websites that receive millions of hits per day.Features include innovative web publishing, customisable tools, wizards, customisable management tools, flexible administration options, and analysis tools.IIS makes it easy to share documents and information across a company intranet or the Internet, and is completely integrated with Windows NT Directory Services.IIS 1.0 was released for Windows NT 3.51 and had a limited feature set.IIS 2.0 was released with Windows NT 4.0 with a similar feature set to IIS 1.0.IIS 3.0 quickly followed with many additions including Active Server Pages (ASP), ISAPI and ADO 1.0.IIS 4.0 is built into Windows NT Server 4.0. It includes ASP 2.0, ISAPI and ADO 1.5. .Rival servers include Apache and Netscape Enterprise Server. (1999-08-04)
IPE ::: Integrated Programming Environment
IPE {Integrated Programming Environment}
IPSE {Integrated Project Support Environment}
IrDA Control ::: (standard) (IrDA-C, formerly IrBUS) Infrared standard from IrDA. IrDA Control is a low speed communication standard that allows cordless peripherals host devices. Host devices include PCs, home appliances, game machines, and television and web set-top boxes.IrDA Control supports data rates of 75 Kbps at up to 8 metres, and is designed to integrate with devices that use USB HID. Parts and products featuring IrDA Control are expected in 1998.See also IrDA Data, AIR. (1999-10-14)
IrDA Control "standard" (IrDA-C, formerly IrBUS) {Infrared} standard from {IrDA}. IrDA Control is a low speed communication standard that allows cordless peripherals such as keyboards, mice, {game pads}, and {joysticks} to interact with intelligent host devices. Host devices include {PCs}, home appliances, game machines, and television and web {set-top boxes}. IrDA Control supports data rates of 75 Kbps at up to 8 metres, and is designed to integrate with devices that use {USB} {HID}. Parts and products featuring IrDA Control are expected in 1998. See also {IrDA Data}, {AIR}. (1999-10-14)
ISA ::: 1. (architecture) Integrated Systems Architecture.2. (body) International Smalltalk Association.3. (architecture) instruction set architecture.4. (architecture) Industry Standard Architecture. (1997-02-13)
ISA 1. "architecture" {Integrated Systems Architecture}. 2. "body" {International Smalltalk Association}. 3. "architecture" {instruction set architecture}. 4. "architecture" {Industry Standard Architecture}. (1997-02-13)
ISDE ::: Integrated Software Development Environment: equivalent to an IPSE.
ISDE Integrated Software Development Environment: equivalent to an IPSE.
ISDN {Integrated Services Digital Network}
ISEE ::: Integrated Software Engineering Environment - equivalent to SEE.
ISEE Integrated {Software Engineering Environment} - equivalent to {SEE}.
ISPBX ::: Integrated Services Digital Network PBX.
ISPBX {Integrated Services Digital Network} {PBX}.
Ivan Sutherland Ivan E. Sutherland is widely known for his pioneering contributions. His 1963 MIT PhD thesis, {Sketchpad}, opened the field of computer graphics. His 1966 work, with Sproull, on a head-mounted display anticipated today's {virtual reality} by 25 years. He co-founded {Evans and Sutherland}, which manufactures the most advanced computer image generators now in use. As head of Computer Science Department of {Caltech} he helped make {integrated circuit} design an acceptable field of academic study. Dr. Sutherland is on the boards of several small companies and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Sciences, the {ACM} and {IEEE}. He received the {ACM}'s {Turing Award} in 1988. He is now Vice President and Fellow of {Sun Microsystems} Laboratories in Mountain View, CA, USA. (1994-11-16)
Jack Kilby "person" (1924 - 2005-06-20) The electronics engineer who invented the {integrated circuit} in 1958 at {Texas Instruments}. {TI Biography (http://ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackstclair.shtml)}. [Was the {JK flip-flop} named after him?] (2005-06-22)
Jack Kilby ::: (person) (1924 - 2005-06-20) The electronics engineer who invented the integrated circuit in 1958 at Texas Instruments. .[Was the JK flip-flop named after him?](2005-06-22)
JavaScript "language" (Formerly "LiveScript") {Netscape}'s simple, cross-{platform}, {web} {scripting language}, only very vaguely related to {Java} (which is a {Sun} trademark). JavaScript is intimately tied to the {web}, and currently runs in only three environments - as a {server}-side {scripting} language, as an embedded language in {server-parsed HTML}, and as an embedded language run in web {browsers} where it is the most important part of {DHTML}. JavaScript has a simplified {C}-like {syntax} and is tightly integrated with the browser {Document Object Model}. It is useful for implementing enhanced {forms}, simple web {database} {front-ends}, and navigation enhancements. It is unusual in that the {scope} of {variables} extends throughout the function in which they are declared rather than the smallest enclosing block as in C. JavaScript originated from {Netscape} and, for a time, only their products supported it. {Microsoft} now supports a work-alike which they call JScript. The resulting inconsistencies make it difficult to write JavaScript that behaves the same in all browsers. This could be attributed to the slow progress of JavaScript through the standards bodies. JavaScript runs "100x" slower than {C}, as it is purely interpreted ({Java} runs "10x" slower than C code). {Netscape} and allies say JavaScript is an "open standard" in an effort to keep {Microsoft} from monopolising web software as they have desktop software. {Netscape} and {Sun} have co-operated to enable {Java} and JavaScript to exchange messages and data. See also {VBScript}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.javascript}. Mailing List: "majordomo@obscure.org" ("subscribe javascript" in body). (2003-04-28)
JavaScript ::: (language) (Formerly LiveScript) Netscape's simple, cross-platform, World-Wide Web scripting language, only very vaguely related to Java (which is a as an embedded language in server-parsed HTML, and as an embedded language run in web browsers where it is the most important part of DHTML.JavaScript has a simplified C-like syntax and is tightly integrated with the browser Document Object Model. It is useful for implementing enhanced forms, that the scope of variables extends throughout the function in which they are declared rather than the smallest enclosing block as in C.JavaScript originated from Netscape and, for a time, only their products supported it. Microsoft now supports a work-alike which they call JScript. The same in all browsers. This could be attributed to the slow progress of JavaScript through the standards bodies.JavaScript runs 100x slower than C, as it is purely interpreted (Java runs 10x slower than C code). Netscape and allies say JavaScript is an open have desktop software. Netscape and Sun have co-operated to enable Java and JavaScript to exchange messages and data.See also VBScript.Usenet newsgroup: comp.lang.javascript.Mailing List: (subscribe javascript in body).(2003-04-28)
jnana yoga. ::: the yoga of knowledge or wisdom is the most difficult path, requiring tremendous strength of will and intellect, which leads the aspirant to experience his unity with God directly by dissolving the veils of ignorance; constantly and seriously thinking on the true nature of the Self as taught by the Upanishads; one of the four paths of yoga &
Joint Test Action Group ::: architecture, body, electronics, integrated circuit, standards, testing> (JTAG, or IEEE Standard 1149.1) A standard specifying how to control and monitor the pins of compliant devices on a printed circuit board.Each device has four JTAG control lines. There is a common reset (TRST) and clock (TCLK). The data line daisy chains one device's TDO pin to the TDI pin on the next device.The protocol contains commands to read and set the values of the pins (and, optionally internal registers) of devices. This is called boundary scanning. The protocol makes board testing easier as signals that are not visible at the board connector may be read and set.The protocol also allows the testing of equipment, connected to the JTAG port, to identify components on the board (by reading the device identification register) and to control and monitor the device's outputs.JTAG is not used during normal operation of a board. . . . . Logic analyzers stamping out bugs at the cutting edge, EDN Access, 1997-04-10 . IEEE 1149.1 Device Architecture - Boundary-Scan Tutorial from ASSET InterTech, Inc. . . . Designing for On-Board Programming Using the IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Access Port - Intel . . (1999-11-15)
Joint Test Action Group "architecture, body, electronics, integrated circuit, standard, testing" (JTAG, or "IEEE Standard 1149.1") A {standard} specifying how to control and monitor the pins of compliant devices on a {printed circuit board}. Each device has four JTAG control lines. There is a common reset (TRST) and clock (TCLK). The data line {daisy chains} one device's test data out (TDO) pin to the test data in (TDI) pin on the next device. The {protocol} contains commands to read and set the values of the pins (and, optionally {internal registers}) of devices. This is called "{boundary scanning}". The protocol makes board testing easier as signals that are not visible at the board connector may be read and set. The protocol also allows the testing of equipment, connected to the JTAG port, to identify components on the board (by reading the device identification register) and to control and monitor the device's outputs. JTAG is not used during normal operation of a board. {JTAG Technologies B.V. (http://jtag.com/)}. {Boundary Scan/JTAG Technical Information - Xilinx, Inc. (http://xilinx.com/support/techsup/journals/jtag/)}. {Java API for Boundary Scan FAQs - Xilinx Inc. (http://xilinx.com/products/software/sx/sxfaqs.htm)}. {JTAG Boundary-Scan Test Products - Corelis, Inc. (http://corelis.com/products/scanovrv.html)}. {"Logic analyzers stamping out bugs at the cutting edge", EDN Access, 1997-04-10 (http://ednmag.com/ednmag/reg/1997/041097/08df_02.htm)}. {IEEE 1149.1 Device Architecture - Boundary-Scan Tutorial from ASSET InterTech, Inc. (http://asset-intertech.com/tutorial/arch.htm)}. {"Application-Specific Integrated Circuits", Michael John Sebatian Smith, published Addison-Wesley - Design Automation Cafe (http://dacafe.com/DACafe/EDATools/EDAbooks/ASIC/Book/CH14/CH14.2.htm)}. {Software Debug options on ASIC cores - Embedded Systems Programming Archive (http://embedded.com/97/feat9701.htm)}. {Designing for On-Board Programming Using the IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Access Port - Intel (http://developer.intel.com/design/flcomp/applnots/292186.htm)}. {Built-In Self-Test Using Boundary Scan by Texas Instruments - EDTN Network (http://edtn.com/scribe/reference/appnotes/md003e9a.htm)}. (1999-11-15)
Kama Rupa: A Sanskrit term used in metaphysics and esoteric philosophy to designate a subjective, astral form which lives on after the death of the physical body; an eidolon. The Kama Rupa is believed to fade away and disintegrate gradually, although necromantic practices and ardent wishes of surviving kin may draw it back into the terrestrial sphere and extend its existence, causing it to become a vampire which feeds on the life force of those who called it back.
KEE Knowledge Engineering Environment. Frame-based expert system. Supports dynamic inheritance, {multiple inheritance}, polymorphism. Classes, meta-classes and objects are all treated alike. A class is an instance of a meta-class. Can control rules for merging of each field when multiple inheritance takes place. Methods are written in LISP. Actions may be triggered when fields are accessed or modified. Extensive GUI integrates with objects. Can easily make object updates to be reflected on display or display selections to update fields. This can in turn trigger other methods or inference rules which may then update other parts of the display. Intellicorp, for TI Explorer. "The Role of Frame-Based Representation in Reasoning", R. Fikes et al, CACM 28(9):904- 920 (Sept 1985).
LANCE ::: Local Area Network Controller for Ethernet.The alternative name for the Am7990 integrated circuit used in a Filtabyte Ethernet controller card. (1995-02-15)
LANCE Local Area Network Controller for Ethernet. The alternative name for the Am7990 {integrated circuit} used in a {Filtabyte} {Ethernet} controller card. (1995-02-15)
Laya-Center ::: A "point of disappearance" -- which is the Sanskrit meaning. Laya is from the Sanskrit root li, meaning"to dissolve," "to disintegrate," or "to vanish away." A laya-center is the mystical point where a thingdisappears from one plane and passes onwards to reappear on another plane. It is that point or spot -- anypoint or spot -- in space, which, owing to karmic law, suddenly becomes the center of active life, first ona higher plane and later descending into manifestation through and by the laya-centers of the lowerplanes. In one sense a laya-center may be conceived of as a canal, a channel, through which the vitalityof the superior spheres pours down into, and inspires, inbreathes into, the lower planes or states ofmatter, or rather of substance. But behind all this vitality there is a directive and driving force. There aremechanics in the universe, mechanics of many degrees of consciousness and power. But behind the puremechanic stands the spiritual-intellectual mechanician.Finally, a laya-center is the point where substance rebecomes homogeneous. Any laya-center, therefore,of necessity exists in and on the critical line or stage dividing one plane from another. Any hierarchy,therefore, contains within itself a number of laya-centers. (See also Hierarchy)
Laya-center [from Sanskrit laya melting, dissolution, disappearance from the verbal root lī to dissolve, disintegrate, vanish away] A point of disappearance; a zero-point, or a point in substance where every differentiation has temporarily ceased; also the ultimate quiescent state: the nirvana of the seventh principle, the point at which primordial substance begins to differentiate and gives birth to the universe.
LEAF "language" 1. {LISP Extended Algebraic Facility}. 2. "LEAF: A Language which Integrates Logic, Equations and Functions", R. Barbuti et al in Logic Programming, Functions Relations and Equations, D. DeGroot et al eds, P-H 1986, pp.201-238.
LEAF ::: (language) 1. LISP Extended Algebraic Facility.2. LEAF: A Language which Integrates Logic, Equations and Functions, R. Barbuti et al in Logic Programming, Functions Relations and Equations, D. DeGroot et al eds, P-H 1986, pp.201-238.
Liana "language" A {C}-like, interpretive, {object-oriented programming} language, {class} library, and integrated development environment designed specifically for development of {application programs} for {Microsoft Windows} and {Windows NT}. Designed by Jack Krupansky "Jack@BaseTechnology.com" of {Base Technology}, Liana was first released as a commercial product in August 1991. The language is designed to be as easy to use as {BASIC}, as concise as {C}, and as flexible as {Smalltalk}. The {OOP} {syntax} of {C++} was chosen over the less familiar syntax of {Smalltalk} and {Objective-C} to appeal to {C} programmers and in recognition of C++ being the leading OOP language. The syntax is a simplified subset of {C/C++}. The {semantics} are also a simplified subset of C/C++, but extended to achieve the flexibility of Smalltalk. Liana is a typeless language (like {Lisp}, {Snobol} and {Smalltalk}), which means that the datatypes of variables, function parameters, and function return values are not needed since values carry the type information. Hence, variables are simply containers for values and function parameters are simply pipes through which any type of value can flow. {Single inheritance}, but not {multiple inheritance}, is supported. {Memory management} is automatic using {reference counting}. The library includes over 150 {classes}, for {dynamic arrays}, {associative lookup} tables, windows, menus, dialogs, controls, bitmaps, cursors, icons, mouse movement, keyboard input, fonts, text and graphics display, {DDE}, and {MDI}. Liana provides flexible OOP support for Windows programming. For example, a {list box} automatically fills itself from an associated {object}. That object is not some sort of special object, but is merely any object that "behaves like" an array (i.e., has a "size" member function that returns the number of elements, a "get" function that returns the ith element, and the text for each element is returned by calling the "text" member function for the element). A related product, C-odeScript, is an embeddable application scripting language. It is an implementation of Liana which can be called from C/C++ applications to dynamically evaluate expressions and statement sequences. This can be used to offer the end-user a macro/scripting capability or to allow the C/C++ application to be customized without changing the C/C++ source code. Here's a complete Liana program which illustrates the flexibility of the language semantics and the power of the class library: main { // Prompt user for a string. // No declaration needed for "x" (becomes a global variable.) x = ask ("Enter a String"); // Use "+" operator to concatenate strings. Memory // management for string temporaries is automatic. The // "message" function displays a Windows message box. message ("You entered: " + x); // Now x will take on a different type. The "ask_number" // function will return a "real" if the user's input // contains a decimal point or an "int" if no decimal // point. x = ask_number ("Enter a Number"); // The "+" operator with a string operand will // automatically convert the other operand to a string. message ("You entered: " + x); // Prompt user for a Liana expression. Store it in a // local variable (the type, string, is merely for // documentation.) string expr = ask ("Enter an Expression"); // Evaluate the expression. The return value of "eval" // could be any type. The "source_format" member function // converts any value to its source format (e.g., add // quotes for a string.) The "class_name" member function // return the name of the class of an object/value. // Empty parens can be left off for member function calls. x = eval (expr); message ("The value of " + expr + " is " + x.source_format + " its type is " + x.class_name); } The author explained that the "Li" of Liana stands for "Language interpreter" and liana are vines that grow up trees in tropical forests, which seemed quite appropriate for a tool to deal with the complexity of MS Windows! It is also a woman's name. ["Liana for Windows", Aitken, P., PC TECHNIQUES, Dec/Jan 1993]. ["Liana: A Language For Writing Windows Programs", Burk, R., Tech Specialist (R&D Publications), Sep 1991]. ["Liana v. 1.0." Hildebrand, J.D., Computer Language, Dec 1992]. ["Liana: A Windows Programming Language Based on C and C++", Krupansky, J., The C Users Journal, Jul 1992]. ["Writing a Multimedia App in Liana", Krupansky, J., Dr. Dobb's Journal, Winter Multimedia Sourcebook 1994]. ["The Liana Programming Language", R. Valdes, Dr Dobbs J Oct 1993, pp.50-52]. (1999-06-29)
Liana ::: (language) A C-like, interpretive, object-oriented programming language, class library, and integrated development environment designed specifically for language is designed to be as easy to use as BASIC, as concise as C, and as flexible as Smalltalk.The OOP syntax of C++ was chosen over the less familiar syntax of Smalltalk and Objective-C to appeal to C programmers and in recognition of C++ being the are also a simplified subset of C/C++, but extended to achieve the flexibility of Smalltalk.Liana is a typeless language (like Lisp, Snobol and Smalltalk), which means that the datatypes of variables, function parameters, and function return values are type of value can flow. Single inheritance, but not multiple inheritance, is supported. Memory management is automatic using reference counting.The library includes over 150 classes, for dynamic arrays, associative lookup tables, windows, menus, dialogs, controls, bitmaps, cursors, icons, mouse movement, keyboard input, fonts, text and graphics display, DDE, and MDI.Liana provides flexible OOP support for Windows programming. For example, a list box automatically fills itself from an associated object. That object is not get function that returns the ith element, and the text for each element is returned by calling the text member function for the element).A related product, C-odeScript, is an embeddable application scripting language. It is an implementation of Liana which can be called from C/C++ applications to offer the end-user a macro/scripting capability or to allow the C/C++ application to be customized without changing the C/C++ source code.Here's a complete Liana program which illustrates the flexibility of the language semantics and the power of the class library: main{ for a tool to deal with the complexity of MS Windows! It is also a woman's name.[Liana for Windows, Aitken, P., PC TECHNIQUES, Dec/Jan 1993].[Liana: A Language For Writing Windows Programs, Burk, R., Tech Specialist (R&D Publications), Sep 1991].[Liana v. 1.0. Hildebrand, J.D., Computer Language, Dec 1992].[Liana: A Windows Programming Language Based on C and C++, Krupansky, J., The C Users Journal, Jul 1992].[Writing a Multimedia App in Liana, Krupansky, J., Dr. Dobb's Journal, Winter Multimedia Sourcebook 1994].[The Liana Programming Language, R. Valdes, Dr Dobbs J Oct 1993, pp.50-52]. (1999-06-29)
life 1. "simulation" {Conway's Game of Life}. 2. "jargon" The opposite of {Usenet}/the {Internet}/{video games}/whatever the speaker considers a waste of time. As in "{Get a life!}" 3. "language" Logic of Inheritance, Functions and Equations (LIFE) An {object-oriented}, {functional}, {constraint}-based language by Hassan Ait-Kacy "hak@prl.dec.com" et al of {MCC}, Austin TX, 1987. LIFE integrates ideas from {LOGIN} and {LeFun}. See also {Wild_LIFE}. ["Is There a Meaning to LIFE?", H. Ait-Kacy et al, Intl Conf on Logic Prog, 1991]. (2015-05-04)
Link Access Procedure on the D channel (LAPD) (Q.921). An {Integrated Services Digital Network} {data link layer} protocol.
Link Access Procedure on the D channel ::: (LAPD) (Q.921). An Integrated Services Digital Network data link layer protocol.
LISA ::: 1. (computer) Local Integrated Software Architecture.A personal computer introduced by Apple Computer, Inc. in 1983. The LISA was a predecessor of the Macintosh and was the first personal computer on the market with a graphical user interface.It was origionally named after Steve Jobs's daughter. The acronym was applied later.[Spec?]2. (tool) A system for statistical data analysis, similar to S. .3. (event) Large Installation Systems Administration.(2001-10-16)
LISA 1. "computer" Local Integrated Software Architecture. A {personal computer} introduced by {Apple Computer, Inc.} in 1983. The LISA was a predecessor of the {Macintosh} and was the first personal computer on the market with a {graphical user interface}. It was origionally named after {Steve Jobs}'s daughter. The acronym was applied later. [Spec?] 2. "tool" A system for statistical data analysis, similar to {S}. {FTP MIT (ftp://dolphin.mit.edu/)}. 3. "event" {Large Installation Systems Administration}. (2001-10-16)
logic emulator A system of {FPGAs}, programmable interconnect and software which automatically configures itself into an operating prototype of a large-scale logic design, such as a {microprocessor}. An emulated design can be connected into the target system and really operated and tested before the design is made into an {integrated circuit}. {Quickturn} is the leading logic emulation system. (1994-11-29)
logic emulator ::: A system of FPGAs, programmable interconnect and software which automatically configures itself into an operating prototype of a large-scale logic design, system and really operated and tested before the design is made into an integrated circuit.Quickturn is the leading logic emulation system. (1994-11-29)
logic gate An {integrated circuit} or other device whose inputs and outputs represent {Boolean} or binary values as voltages ({TTL} uses 0V for False or 0, +5V for True or 1). Different gates implement different Boolean functions: {AND}, {OR}, {NAND}, {NOR} (these may take two or more inputs) {NOT} (one input), {XOR} (two inputs). NOT, NAND and NOR are often constructed from single {transistors} and the other gates made from combinations of these basic ones. These functions are all {combinatorial logic} functions, i.e. their outputs depend only on their inputs and there is no internal state. Gates with state, such as {latches} and {flip-flops}, are constructed by feeding some of their outputs back to their inputs. (1995-02-08)
logic gate ::: An integrated circuit or other device whose inputs and outputs represent Boolean or binary values as voltages (TTL uses 0V for False or 0, +5V for True or 1). internal state. Gates with state, such as latches and flip-flops, are constructed by feeding some of their outputs back to their inputs. (1995-02-08)
Low Insertion Force "hardware" (LIF) {PGA}/{SPGA} sockets with no handle. The {integrated circuit} is simply pushed into the socket, and levered out to remove. Most {motherboard} {processor} sockets are now {ZIF} rather than LIF. (1999-08-05)
Macintosh Operating System "operating system" (Mac OS) {Apple Computer, Inc.}'s proprietary {operating system} for their {Macintosh} family of {personal computers}. The part of the operating system that simulates the desktop is called "{Finder}." The {multitasking} version of Finder was called "{MultiFinder}" until {multitasking} was integrated into the core of the OS with the introduction of System 7.0 in 1990. The Macintosh series provides a built-in graphics language, called "{QuickDraw}", which provides a {standard} for software developers. Mac OS 8, scheduled for delivery in July 1997, included new human-interface features, increased system stability and performance, a {PowerPC} processor-native Finder, tighter integration of {Internet} access through panel-based "assistants," Personal Web Sharing and the ability to run {Java applets} and programs through Mac OS Run Time for {Java}. Version 9.2 was the last version of the bespoke Mac OS. The next version, {Mac OS X} is quite different, being based on {Unix}. See also {Macintosh file system}, {Macintosh user interface}. (2007-03-15)
magic smoke "electronics, humour" A substance trapped inside {integrated circuit} packages that enables them to function (also called "blue smoke"; this is similar to the archaic "phlogiston" hypothesis about combustion). Its existence is demonstrated by what happens when a chip burns up - the magic smoke gets let out, so it doesn't work any more. See {Electing a Pope}, {smoke test}. {Usenet}ter Jay Maynard tells the following story: "Once, while hacking on a dedicated {Zilog Z80} system, I was testing code by blowing {EPROMs} and plugging them in the system then seeing what happened. One time, I plugged one in backward. I only discovered that *after* I realised that {Intel} didn't put power-on lights under the quartz windows on the tops of their EPROMs - the die was glowing white-hot. Amazingly, the EPROM worked fine after I erased it, filled it full of zeros, then erased it again. For all I know, it's still in service. Of course, this is because the magic smoke didn't get let out." Compare the original phrasing of {Murphy's Law}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-25)
mainframe "computer" A term originally referring to the cabinet containing the central processor unit or "main frame" of a room-filling {Stone Age} batch machine. After the emergence of smaller "{minicomputer}" designs in the early 1970s, the traditional {big iron} machines were described as "mainframe computers" and eventually just as mainframes. The term carries the connotation of a machine designed for batch rather than interactive use, though possibly with an interactive {time-sharing} operating system retrofitted onto it; it is especially used of machines built by {IBM}, {Unisys} and the other great {dinosaurs} surviving from computing's {Stone Age}. It has been common wisdom among hackers since the late 1980s that the mainframe architectural tradition is essentially dead (outside of the tiny market for {number crunching} {supercomputers} (see {Cray})), having been swamped by the recent huge advances in {integrated circuit} technology and low-cost personal computing. As of 1993, corporate America is just beginning to figure this out - the wave of failures, takeovers, and mergers among traditional mainframe makers have certainly provided sufficient omens (see {dinosaurs mating}). Supporters claim that mainframes still house 90% of the data major businesses rely on for mission-critical applications, attributing this to their superior performance, reliability, scalability, and security compared to microprocessors. [{Jargon File}] (1996-07-22)
main memory "storage, architecture" The {storage device} used by a {computer} to hold the currently executing {program} and its {working data}. A modern computer's main memory is built from {random-access memory} {integrated circuits}. In the old days {ferrite core memory} was one popular form of main memory, leading to the use of the term "{core}" for main memory. Computers have several other sorts of memory, distinguished by their access time, storage capicity, cost, and the typical lifetime or rate of change of the data they hold. {Registers} in the {CPU} are fast, few, expensive and typically change every few {machine instructions}. Other kinds are {cache}, {PROM}, {magnetic disk} (which may be used for {virtual memory}) and {magnetic tape}. (1996-11-04)
MANTIS "language" A structured, full-function procedural {4GL} and application development system from {Cincom}. MANTIS enables the developer to design prototypes, create transaction screens and reports, define logical data views, write structured procedures, and dynamically test, correct, document, secure, and release applications for production in a single, integrated, interactive session. MANTIS applications can be enhanced with gOOi, the graphical object-oriented interface, which creates graphical Windows representations of existing MANTIS screens. {(http://cincom.com/products/mantis/)}. (2003-08-08)
Manufacturer Resource Planning "application" (MRP II) A system based on {MRP} which allows manufacturers to optimise materials, procurement, manufacturing processes, etc., and provide financial and planning reports. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, manufacturers integrated MRP and other manufacturing and business functions. This renaissance is commonly known as Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II). According to the American Production and Inventory Control Society, Inc. (APICS), MRP II is a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. Ideally, it addresses operational planning in units, financial planning in dollars, and has a simulation capability to answer "what if" questions. It includes business planning, sales and operations planning, production scheduling, material requirements planning (MRP), capacity requirements planning, and the execution support systems for capacity and material. Output from these systems is integrated with financial reports such as the business plan, purchase commitment report, shipping budget, and inventory projections in dollars. Manufacturing resource planning is a direct outgrowth and extension of closed-loop MRP. See also {Enterprise Resource Planning}, {SAP} R/2, R/3, and {Baan}. (1999-02-16)
Many Integrated Core Architecture "architecture" (MIC) Intel's name for {integrated circuits} with around 50 {processing cores} on a single chip, fabricated with a 22-{nanometer} IC manufacturing process. The {Intel Xeon Phi} coprocessor, the first product based on Intel MIC Architecture, is targeted at {high-performance computing} applications. {intel.com (http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/many-integrated-core/intel-many-integrated-core-architecture.html)}. (2014-10-14)
Mask Read-Only Memory "storage" (MROM) A kind of {ROM} in which the memory contents are determined by one of the masks used to manufacture the {integrated circuit}. MROM can give high storage density (bits per millimeter squared) making it a cheap solution for high volume applications. [Other ROM types?] (1995-04-22)
MATLAB "mathematics, language, application" A {high-level language} and {interactive} program from {The MathWorks} for {numeric computation} and {visualisation}. MATLAB supports {numerical analysis}, {matrix} computation, {signal processing}, {linear algebra}, {statistics}, {Fourier analysis}, filtering, optimisation and {numerical integration}. It can output two and three dimensional graphics and can be integrated with {C}, {C++}, {Fortran}, {Java}, {COM} and {Microsoft Excel}. {(http://mathworks.com/products/matlab/)}. (2005-08-13)
MCP-1600 A processor made by {Western Digital}, consisting of at least four separate {integrated circuits}, including the control circuitry unit, the {ALU}, two or four {ROM} chips with {microcode}, and timing circuitry. The ALU chip contained twenty-six 8-bit {registers} and an 8-bit {ALU}, while the control unit supervised the moving of data, memory access, and other control functions. The {ROM} allowed the chip to function as either an 8- or 16-bit chip, with clever use of the 8-bit {ALU}. Further, {microcode} allowed the addition of {floating-point} routines (40 + 8 bit format), simplifying programming (and possibly producing a floating-point coprocessor). Two standard {microcode} {ROMs} were available. This flexibility was one reason it was also used to implement the {DEC} {LSI-11} processor as well as the {WD} {Pascal Microengine}. (1994-11-18)
Memory Management Unit "hardware, memory management" (MMU, "Paged Memory Management Unit", PMMU) A {hardware} device or circuit that supports {virtual memory} and {paging} by translating {virtual addresses} into {physical addresses}. The virtual {address space} (the range of addresses used by the processor) is divided into {pages}, whose size is 2^N, usually a few {kilobytes}. The bottom N {bits} of the address (the offset within a page) are left unchanged. The upper address bits are the (virtual) {page number}. The MMU contains a {page table} which is indexed (possibly associatively) by the page number. Each page table entry (PTE) gives the physical page number corresponding to the virtual one. This is combined with the page offset to give the complete physical address. A PTE may also include information about whether the page has been written to, when it was last used (for a {least recently used} {replacement algorithm}), what kind of processes ({user mode}, {supervisor mode}) may read and write it, and whether it should be {cache}d. It is possible that no physical memory ({RAM}) has been allocated to a given virtual page, in which case the MMU will signal a "{page fault}" to the {CPU}. The {operating system} will then try to find a spare page of RAM and set up a new PTE to map it to the requested virtual address. If no RAM is free it may be necessary to choose an existing page, using some {replacement algorithm}, and save it to disk (this is known as "{paging}"). There may also be a shortage of PTEs, in which case the OS will have to free one for the new mapping. In a {multitasking} system all processes compete for the use of memory and of the MMU. Some {memory management} architectures allow each process to have its own area or configuration of the page table, with a mechanism to switch between different mappings on a process switch. This means that all processes can have the same virtual address space rather than require load-time relocation. An MMU also solves the problem of {fragmentation} of memory. After blocks of memory have been allocated and freed, the free memory may become fragmented (discontinuous) so that the largest contiguous block of free memory may be much smaller than the total amount. With {virtual memory}, a contiguous range of virtual addresses can be mapped to several non-contiguous blocks of physical memory. In early designs memory management was performed by a separate {integrated circuit} such as the {MC 68851} used with the {Motorola 68020} {CPU} in the {Macintosh II} or the {Z8015} used with the {Zilog Z80} family of processors. Later CPUs such as the {Motorola 68030} and the {ZILOG Z280} have MMUs on the same IC as the CPU. (1999-05-24)
Messaging Application Programming Interface "messaging" (MAPI) A messaging architecture and a {client} interface component for applications such as {electronic mail}, scheduling, calendaring and document management. As a messaging architecture, MAPI provides a consistent interface for multiple {application programs} to interact with multiple messaging systems across a variety of {hardware} {platforms}. MAPI provides better performance and control than {Simple MAPI}, {Common Messaging Calls} (CMC) or the {Active Messaging Library}. It has a comprehensive, open, dual-purpose interface, integrated with {Microsoft Windows}. MAPI can be used by all levels and types of client application and "service providers" - driver-like components that provide a MAPI interface to a specific messaging system. For example, a {word processor} can send documents and a {workgroup} application can share and store different types of data using MAPI. MAPI separates the programming interfaces used by the client applications and the service providers. Every component works with a common, {Microsoft Windows}-based user interface. For example, a single messaging client application can be used to receive messages from {fax}, a {bulletin board} system, a host-based messaging system and a {LAN}-based system. Messages from all of these systems can be delivered to a single "universal Inbox". MAPI is aimed at the powerful, new market of workgroup applications that communicate with such different messaging systems as fax, {DEC} {All-In-1}, {voice mail} and public communications services such as {AT&T} Easylink Services, {CompuServe} and {MCI} MAIL. Because workgroup applications demand more of their messaging systems, MAPI offers much more than basic messaging in the programming interface and supports more than {local area network} (LAN)-based messaging systems. Applications can, for example, format text for a single message with a variety of fonts and present to their users a customised view of messages that have been filtered, sorted or preprocessed. MAPI is built into {Windows 95} and {Windows NT} and can be used by 16-bit and 32-bit Windows applications. The programming interface and subsystem contained in the MAPI {DLL} provide objects which conform to the {Component Object Model}. MAPI includes standard messaging client applications that demonstrate different levels of messaging support. MAPI provides cross platform support through such industry standards as {SMTP}, {X.400} and Common Messaging Calls. MAPI is the messaging component of {Windows Open Services Architecture} (WOSA). [Correct expansion? Relatonship with Microsoft?] (1997-12-03)
Meta Class System "language" (MCS) A portable {object-oriented} extension of {Common Lisp} from {GMD}. It integrates the functionality of {CLOS} and {TELOS}. {(ftp://gmdzi.gmd.de/pub/lisp/mcs)}. (1994-10-21)
MICE {Multimedia Integrated Conferencing for European Researchers}
MIC {Many Integrated Core Architecture}
microchip art "hardware" (chip art, chip graffiti) Images etched on {integrated circuits} purely for decoration, visible only under a microscope. {Smithsonian Institute Chip Art (http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/chipfun/graff.htm)}.
microcontroller "processor" A {microprocessor} on a single {integrated circuit} intended to operate as an {embedded} system. As well as a {CPU}, a microcontroller typically includes small amounts of {RAM} and {PROM} and timers and I/O ports. An example is the {Intel 8751}. (1995-04-22)
micrometre "unit" (Or "micron") One millionth of a {metre}. The symbol is a Greek letter {mu} followed by "m". Features on modern {integrated circuits} are typically measured in microns. The smallest features in 1999 are around 0.1 microns across. (1999-09-28)
microprocessor "architecture" (Or "micro") A computer whose entire {CPU} is contained on one (or a small number of) {integrated circuits}. The important characteristics of a microprocessor are the widths of its internal and external {address bus} and {data bus} (and instruction), its {clock rate} and its {instruction set}. Processors are also often classified as either {RISC} or {CISC}. The first commercial microprocessor was the {Intel 4004} which appeared in 1971. This was the CPU member of a set of four {LSI} {integrated circuits} called the MCS-4, which was originally designed for use in a calculator but was marketed as "programmable controller for logic replacement". The 4004 is referred to as a 4-bit microprocessor since it processed only 4 bits of data at a time. This very short word size is due mainly to the limitations imposed by the maximum integrated circuit density then achievable. As integrated circuit densities increased with the rapid development of integrated circuit manufacturing technology, the power and performance of the microprocessors also increased. This is reflected in the increase in the CPU word size to 4, 8, 16, and by mid-1980s, 32 bits. The smaller microprocessors have relatively simple {instruction sets}, e.g., no {floating point} instructions, but they are nevertheless suitable as controllers for a very wide range of applications such as car engines and microwave ovens. The {Intel 4004} was followed with, among others the {4040}, {8008}, {8080}, {8086}, {80186}, {80286}, {80386}, {486} and {Pentium}. Other families include the {Motorola} {6800} and {680x0} families, {National Semiconductor 16000} and {National Semiconductor 32000}, {SPARC}, {ARM}, {MIPS}, {Zilog Z8000}, {PowerPC} and the {Inmos} {Transputer} family. The larger, more recent microprocessors families have gradually acquired most of the features of large computers. As the microprocessor industry has matured, several families of microprocessors have evolved into de facto industrial standards with multiple manufacturers and numerous "support" chips including {RAM}, {ROM}, {I/O controllers} etc. A single chip microprocessor may include other components such as memory ({RAM}, {ROM}, {PROM}), {memory management}, {caches}, {floating-point unit}, input/output ports and timers. Such devices are also known as {microcontrollers}. The one-chip microcomputer is in many respects, a landmark development in computer technology because it reduces the computer to a small, inexpensive, and easily replaceable design component. Microcomputers have given rise to a new class of general-purpose machines called {personal computers}. These are small low cost computers that are designed to sit on an ordinary office desk or to be portable and fuelled the computer boom of the late 1980s. The most widespread example is the also {IBM PC}, based on microprocessors from {Intel Corporation}. {Apple Computers, Inc.} have also produced a range of personal computers, as have several other companies. See also {killer micro}, {minicomputer}, {CPU Info Center}. (2002-07-16)
minicomputer "computer" A computer built between about 1963 and 1987, smaller and less powerful than a {mainframe}, typically about the size and shape of a wardrobe, mounted in a single tall rack. Minicomputers were characterised by short {word} lengths of 8 to 32 {bits}, limited hardware and software facilities and small physical size. Their low cost made them suitable for a wide variety of applications such as industrial control, where a small, dedicated computer which is permanently assigned to one application, is needed. In recent years, improvements in device technology have resulted in minicomputers which are comparable in performance to large {second generation computers} and greatly exceed the performance of {first generation} {computers}. The processor was typically built using low integration logic {integrated circuits} - {TTL} or maybe {ECL}, thus distinguishing it from a {microcomputer} which is built around a {microprocessor} - a processor on a single (or maybe a few) ICs. {DEC}'s {PDP-1} was the first minicomputer and their {PDP-11} was the most successful, closely followed (in both time and success) by the {VAX} (which {DEC} called a "{super minicomputer}"). Another early minicomputer was the {LINC} developed at {MIT} in 1963. Other minicomputers were the {AS/400}, the {PRIME} series, the {AP-3}, {Olivetti}'s {Audit 7} and the {Interdata 8/32}. [Others?] (2004-05-12)
Minnesota Internet Users Essential Tool "networking, tool" (Minuet) An integrated package for {IBM PC} that includes modules for {electronic mail} (using the {POP} {protocol}), {Gopher}, {telnet}, {Usenet} news and {FTP}. Minuet provides an easy-to-use, {mouse}-driven {graphical user interface} via the {TurboVision} libraries. It is a {TCP/IP} {client} that runs over any type of TCP/IP {network} including {Ethernet} and {SLIP}. It will work with either {static IP address}es or {dynamic IP address}es ({bootp}). {FAQ (http://micro.umn.edu/products/minuet/minuet-1.html)}. {(ftp://boombox.micro.umn.edu/pub/pc/minuet/beta16/minuarc.exe)}. (1995-04-10)
MIPS Technologies, Inc. "company" A company which designs, develops, and licenses {reduced instruction set computer} (RISC) {microprocessors} and compilers. MIPS Technologies, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of {Silicon Graphics, Inc.} and operates as an independent unit. MIPS is the successor to the processor business of MIPS Computer Systems which was founded in 1984 and merged with Silicon Graphics on 29 June 1992. MIPS Technologies developed the world's first RISC {VLSI} microprocessors (1985) (or was it the {ARM}?), the first commercial 64-bit microprocessor ({MIPS R4000}, 1992), announced MIPS R4300i - the first 64-bit RISC processor designed for interactive consumer applications (April 1995). They announced the MIPS R10000 - the next generation general-purpose MIPS microprocessor and the most powerful processor in the world (October 1994). MIPS' semiconductor company partners participate in the design and development of MIPS processors and software and then produce, market, and support the processors. MIPS itself does not fabricate or sell products. MIPS' semiconductor partners are: {Integrated Device Technology}, {LSI Logic Corporation}, {NEC Corporation}, {NKK Corporation}, {Philips Semiconductors}, {Siemens AG}, and {Toshiba Corporation}. MIPS' products include: R4000 - 100 MHz; 1.35M transistors, primary i/d cache 8KB/8KB, SPECint92 58.3/ SPECfp92 61.4. R4300i - 133 MHZ, 1.35M transistors; primary i/d cache, 16KB/8KB, SPECint92 80, SPECfp92 60. R4400 - 250 MHz, 2.3M transistors, primary i/d cache 16KB/16KB, SPECint92 175.8, SPECfp92 164.4. R4600 - 133 MHz, 1.9M transistors, primary i/d cache 16KB/16KB, SPECint92 85, SPECfp92 75. R8000/R8010 - 90 MHz, 2.6M, .83M transistors, primary i/d cache, 16KB/16KB, SPECint92 132, SPECfp92 396. R10000 - 200 MHz, 6.7M transistors, primary i/d cache 32KB/32KB, SPECint92 "300, SPECfp92 "600. MIPS' processor chips were used in the {DEC 3100} series of {workstations}. {(http://mips.com/)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.sys.mips}. (1996-03-01)
Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Directory Number "communications" A number string used to uniquely identify a mobile telephone subscriber in {GSM}, {CDMA} and {UMTS} mobile networks. The number is formatted according to the {E.164} numbering plan, consisting of a country code (CC), national destination code (NDC) and subscriber number (SN). See also: {IMSI}, {IMEI}, {The GSM Specifications (http://www.etsi.org/services_products/freestandard/home.htm)}. (2006-12-28)
MODSIM II 1986. Object-oriented modular language for discrete simulation, with {multiple inheritance}, {strong typing}, integrated 2D and 3D graphics. Compiles to C. CACI, La Jolla, (619) 457-9681. list: palmer@world.std.com
Modula-2+ {Modula-2} plus {exceptions} and {threads} developed by P. Rovner et al of {DEC} {SRC}, Palo Alto CA in 1984. ["Modula-2+ User's Manual", M-C van Leunen]. ["Extending Modula-2 to Build Large, Integrated Systems", P. Rovner, IEEE Software 3(6):46-57 (Nov 1986)]. (1994-10-21)
molecule ::: n. --> One of the very small invisible particles of which all matter is supposed to consist.
The smallest part of any substance which possesses the characteristic properties and qualities of that substance, and which can exist alone in a free state.
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free
Moore's Law "architecture" /morz law/ The observation, made in 1965 by {Intel} co-founder {Gordon Moore} while preparing a speech, that each new memory {integrated circuit} contained roughly twice as much capacity as its predecessor, and each chip was released within 18-24 months of the previous chip. If this trend continued, he reasoned, computing power would rise exponentially with time. Moore's observation still holds in 1997 and is the basis for many performance forecasts. In 24 years the number of {transistors} on processor chips has increased by a factor of almost 2400, from 2300 on the {Intel 4004} in 1971 to 5.5 million on the {Pentium Pro} in 1995 (doubling roughly every two years). Date Chip Transistors MIPS clock/MHz ----------------------------------------------- Nov 1971 4004 2300 0.06 0.108 Apr 1974 8080 6000 0.64 2 Jun 1978 8086 29000 0.75 10 Feb 1982 80286 134000 2.66 12 Oct 1985 386DX 275000 5 16 Apr 1989 80486 1200000 20 25 Mar 1993 Pentium 3100000 112 66 Nov 1995 Pentium Pro 5500000 428 200 ----------------------------------------------- Moore's Law has been (mis)interpreted to mean many things over the years. In particular, {microprocessor} performance has increased faster than the number of transistors per chip. The number of {MIPS} has, on average, doubled every 1.8 years for the past 25 years, or every 1.6 years for the last 10 years. While more recent processors have had wider {data paths}, which would correspond to an increase in transistor count, their performance has also increased due to increased {clock rates}. Chip density in transistors per unit area has increased less quickly - a factor of only 146 between the 4004 (12 mm^2) and the Pentium Pro (196 mm^2) (doubling every 3.3 years). {Feature size} has decreased from 10 to 0.35 microns which would give over 800 times as many transistors per unit. However, the automatic layout required to cope with the increased complexity is less efficient than the hand layout used for early processors. {(http://intel.com/intel/museum/25anniv/html/hof/moore.htm)}. {Intel Microprocessor Quick Reference Guide (http://intel.com/pressroom/no_frame/quickref.htm)}. {"Birth of a Chip", Linley Gwennap, Byte, Dec 1996 (http://byte.com/art/9612/sec6/art2.htm)}. See also March 1997 "inbox". {Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers (http://islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comphist.htm)}, Ken Polsson. See also {Parkinson's Law of Data}. [{Jargon File}] (1997-03-04)
motherboard "hardware" (mobo) The main {printed circuit board} in an electronic device, particularly a computer, which may contain sockets that accept additional boards ("daughter-boards"). In a {personal computer}, the motherboard contains the {bus}, the {microprocessor}, and {integrated circuits} used for controlling any built-in {peripherals} such as the {keyboard}, text and graphics display, {serial ports} and {parallel ports}, {joystick}, and {mouse} {interfaces}. (2000-08-10)
Motorola 68060 "processor" A 32-bit {microprocessor} from {Motorola}, the successor to the {Motorola 68040}. The 68060 is the highest performance {680x0} family processor currently (April 1995) available. It has 2 to 3 times the performance of the 68040. The 68060 is probably the last development from Motorola in the high performacnce 680x0 series. They don't want to compete with their own {PowerPC} chips. The 680x0 series is intended more for embedded systems, where it is already very popular. New developments here seem to integrate more peripheral functions on chip rather than increasing processing power. (1995-04-22)
Multimedia Integrated Conferencing for European Researchers "communications, project" (MICE) A project which aims to create a pilot (virtual) network between European researchers, and also to connect them to sites in the US. The MICE system currently allows {multimedia} conferencing ({audio}, {video} and shared workspace) between conference rooms and {workstation}-based facilities, hardware and software, {packet-switched} networks and {ISDN}, using both {unicast} (point-to-point) and {multicast} (multi-point) {protocols}. {(http://www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mice)}. (1997-12-18)
nanoacre "unit, humour" /nan'oh-ay"kr/ A unit (about 2 mm square) of real estate on a {VLSI} {integrated circuit}. VLSI nanoacres have costs in the same range as real acres once one allows for design and fabrication setup costs. [{Jargon File}] (1995-09-20)
National Information Infrastructure "project" (NII, or "{information superhighway}") Future integrated communications in the USA. The NII will be based on a nationwide network of networks, and will supposedly allow all Americans to take advantage of the country's information, communication, and computing resources. The NII will include current and future public and private high-speed, interactive, {narrow-band} and {broadband} networks. It is the satellite, terrestrial, and wireless communications systems that deliver content to homes, businesses, and other public and private institutions. It is the information and content that flows over the infrastructure whether in the form of {databases}, the written word, a film, a piece of music, a sound recording, a picture, or computer software. It is the computers, televisions, telephones, radios, and other products that people will employ to access the infrastructure. It is the people who will provide, manage, and generate new information, and those that will help others do the same. And it is the individual Americans who will use and benefit from the NII. The NII is a term that encompasses all these components and captures the vision of a nationwide, invisible, seamless, dynamic web of transmission mechanisms, information appliances, content, and people. {(http://sunsite.unc.edu/nii/NII-Table-of-Contents.html)}. (1995-04-08)
NATURAL An integrated {4GL} from {Software AG}, Germany. The menu-driven version is SUPER/NATURAL. Natural 2 is a major upgrade to Natural 1. Version 2.1.7 in the MVS environment (June 1995, also available for Unix). Natural works with {DB2} and various other {databases}, but Natural and {Adabas} normally go together. There are many products available in the "Natural" family, including SuperNatural, Natural for Windows, Entire Connection (enables up/downloading and interaction with {Excel}) and Esperant. (1995-11-14)
NESL "language" A parallel language loosely based on {ML}, developed at {Carnegie Mellon University} by the {SCandAL} project. NESL integrates parallel {algorithms}, {functional languages} and implementation techniques from the system's community. Nested {data parallelism} offers concise code that is easy to understand and debug and suits irregular data structures such as {trees}, {graphs} or {sparse matrices}. NESL's language based performance model is a formal way to calculate the "work" and "depth" of a program. These measures can be related to running time on a {parallel computer}. NESL was designed to make parallel programming easy and portable. Algorithms are typically more concise in NESL than in most other parallel programming languages and the code resembles high-level {pseudocode}. This places more responsibility on the {compiler} and {run-time system} for achieving good efficiency. NESL currently runs on {Unix} {workstations}, the {IBM SP-2}, the {Thinking Machines} {CM5}, the {Cray} {C90} and {J90}, the {MasPar} {MP2}, and the {Intel} {Paragon}. Work is underway (April 1997) on a portable {MPI} {back end}, and an implementation for {symmetric multiprocessors}, such as the {SGI} {Power Challenge} or the {DEC} {AlphaServer}. {Home (http://cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/scandal/public/www/nesl.html)}. ["NESL: A Nested Data-Parallel Language", Guy Blelloch, CMU-CS-93-129, April 1993]. (1997-04-13)
Netscape Navigator "networking, tool, product" /Mozilla/ (Often called just "Netscape") A {web browser} from {Netscape Communications Corporation}. The first {beta-test} version was released free to the {Internet} on 13 October 1994. Netscape evolved from {NCSA} {Mosaic} (with which it shares at least one author) and runs on the {X Window System} under various versions of {Unix}, on {Microsoft Windows} and on the {Apple Macintosh}. It features integrated support for sending {electronic mail} and reading {Usenet} news, as well as {RSA encryption} to allow secure communications for commercial applications such as exchanging credit card numbers with net retailers. It provides multiple simultaneous interruptible text and image loading; native inline {JPEG} image display; display and interaction with documents as they load; multiple independent windows. Netscape was designed with 14.4 kbps modem links in mind. You can download Netscape Navigator for evaluation, or for unlimited use in academic or not-for-profit environments. You can also pay for it. Version: 1.0N. {(ftp://ftp.netscape.com/netscape/)}. E-mail: "sales@netscape.com". (1995-01-25)
NIL /nil/ 1. New Implementation of Lisp. A language intended to be the successor of {MacLisp}. A large {Lisp}, implemented mostly in {VAX} {assembly language}. A forerunner of {Common LISP}. ["NIL: A Perspective", Jon L. White, MACSYMA Users' Conf Proc, 1979]. 2. Network Implementation Language. Strom & Yemini, TJWRC, IBM. Implementation of complex networking protocols in a modular fashion. ["NIL: An Integrated Language and System for Distributed Programming", R. Strom et al, SIGPLAN Notices 18(6):73-82 (June 1983)]. 3. Empty list or False. In {Lisp}, the empty list (or "nil list") is used to represent the {Boolean} value False. This is possible because {Lisp} is not typed. True is represented by the special {atom} "t". 4. Spoken in reply to a question, particularly one asked using the "-P" convention it means "No". Most hackers assume this derives simply from LISP, but NIL meaning "no" was well-established among radio hams decades before LISP existed. The historical connection between early hackerdom and the ham radio world was strong enough that this may have been an influence. [{Jargon File}]
northbridge "architecture" The single {integrated circuit} in a {core logic} {chip set} that connects the {CPU} to the {system memory} and the {AGP} and {PCI} busses. Other functions are provided by the {southbridge} chip. {(http://maximumpc.com/terminator/terminator_n.html)}. (2000-01-15)
NoteCards An ambitious hypertext system developed at Xerox PARC, "designed to support the task of transforming a chaotic collection of unrelated thoughts into an integrated, orderly interpretation of ideas and their interconnections".
Object-Oriented Turing "language" An extension of {Turing} and a replacement for {Turing Plus} by R.C. Holt "holt@csri.toronto.edu", U Toronto, 1991. Object-Oriented Turing supports {imperative programming}, {object-oriented programming} and {concurrent programming}. It has {modules}, {class}es, {single inheritance}, processes, {exception handling} and optional machine-dependent programming. There is an integrated environment under the {X Window System} and {a demo version (ftp://turing.toronto.edu/pub/turing)}. Versions exist for {Sun-4}, {MIPS}, {RS-6000} and others. E-mail: "ootinfo@turing.toronto.edu". ["A Conceptual Framework for Software Development", Mancoridis et al, eds, ACM SIGSCE Conference, Feb 1993, Indianapolis]. ["Turing Reference Manual", 1992, ISBN 0-921598-15-7]. (2000-04-21)
Octave "language" A high-level {interactive} language by John W. Eaton, with help from many others, like {MATLAB}, primarily intended for numerical computations. Octave provides a convenient {command line interface} for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically. Octave can do arithmetic for {real} and {complex} {scalars} and {matrices}, solve sets of nonlinear algebraic equations, integrate functions over finite and infinite intervals, and integrate systems of ordinary differential and differential-algebraic equations. Octave has been compiled and tested with {g++} and libg++ on a {SPARCstation 2} running {SunOS} 4.1.2, an {IBM} {RS/6000} running {AIX} 3.2.5, {DEC Alpha} systems running {OSF}/1 1.3 and 3.0, a {DECstation 5000}/240 running {Ultrix} 4.2a, and {Intel 486} systems running {Linux}. It should work on most other {Unix} systems with {g++} and libg++. Octave is distributed under the {GNU} {General Public License}. It requires {gnuplot}, a {C++} compiler and {Fortran} compiler or {f2c} translator. {home (http://che.wisc.edu/octave)}. {(ftp://ftp.che.wisc.edu/pub/octave/)} or your nearest {GNU archive site}. E-mail: "bug-octave@bevo.che.wisc.edu". (2000-06-27)
Ode An {Object-Oriented Database} from {AT&T} which extends {C++} and supports fast queries, complex application modelling and {multimedia}. Ode uses one integrated data model ({C++} {class}es) for both database and general purpose manipulation. An Ode database is a collection of {persistent} {objects}. It is defined, queried and manipulated using the language {O++}. O++ programs can be compiled with C++ programs, thus allowing the use of existing C++ code. O++ provides facilities for specifying transactions, creating and manipulating persistent objects, querying the database and creating and manipulating versions. The Ode object database provides four object compatible mechanisms for manipulating and querying the database. As well as O++ there are OdeView - an {X Window System} interface; OdeFS (a file system interface allowing objects to be treated and manipulated like normal Unix files); and CQL++, a {C++} variant of {SQL} for easing the transition from {relational databases} to OODBs such as Ode. Ode supports large objects (critical for {multimedia} applications). Ode tracks the relationship between versions of objects and provides facilities for accessing different versions. Transactions can be specified as read-only; such transactions are faster because they are not logged and they are less likely to {deadlock}. 'Hypothetical' transactions allow users to pose "what-if" scenarios (as with {spreadsheets}). EOS, the {storage engine} of Ode, is based on a client-server architecture. EOS supports {concurrency} based on {multi-granularity} two-version two-phase locking; it allows many readers and one writer to access the same item simultaneously. Standard two-phase locking is also available. Ode supports both a {client-server} mode for multiple users with concurrent access and a single user mode giving improved performance. Ode 3.0 is currently being used as the {multimedia} {database engine} for {AT&T}'s {Interactive TV} project. Ode 2.0 has also been distributed to more than 80 sites within AT&T and more than 340 universities. Ode is available free to universities under a non-disclosure agreement. The current version, 3.0, is available only for {Sun} {SPARCstations} running {SunOS} 4.1.3 and {Solaris} 2.3. Ode is being ported to {Microsoft} {Windows NT}, {Windows 95} and {SGI} {platforms}. E-mail: Narain Gehani "nhg@research.att.com". (1994-08-18)
Opal 1. A {DSP} language. ["OPAL: A High Level Language and Environment for DSP boards on PC", J.P. Schwartz et al, Proc ICASSP-89, 1989]. 2. The language of the {object-oriented database} {GemStone}. ["Making Smalltalk a Database System", G. Copeland et al, Proc SIGMOD'84, ACM 1984, pp.316- 325]. 3. A {simulation} language with provision for {stochastic variables}. An extension of {Autostat}. ["C-E-I-R OPAL", D. Pilling, Internal Report, C.E.I.R. Ltd. (1963)]. 4. A language for compiler testing said to be used internally by {DEC}. 5. A {functional programming} language designed at the {Technische Universitaet Berlin} as a testbed for the development of {functional programs}. OPAL integrates concepts from Algebraic Specification and Functional Programming, which favour the (formal) development of (large) production-quality software written in a {purely functional} style. The core of OPAL is a {strongly typed}, {higher-order}, {strict} applicative language which belongs to the tradition of {Hope} and {ML}. The algebraic flavour of OPAL is visible in the syntactical appearance and in the preference of {parameterisation} to {polymorphism}. OPAL supports: {information hiding} - each language unit is divided into an interface (signature) and an implementation part; selective import; {parameterised modules}; free constructor {views} on {sorts}, which allow pattern-based function definitions despite quite different implementations; full {overloading} of names; puristic scheme language with no {built-in} data types (except {Booleans} and denotations). OPAL and its predecessor OPAL-0 have been used for some time at the Technische Universitaet Berlin in CS courses and for research into optimising compilers for applicative languages. The OPAL compiler itself is writte entirely in OPAL. An overview is given in "OPAL: Design And Implementation of an Algebraic Programming Language". {(http://cs.tu-berlin.de/~opal/)}. {(ftp://ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de/pub/local/uebb/papers/DesignImplOpal.ps.gz)}. (1995-02-16)
Operational Data Store "database" (ODS) A group of integrated databases designed to support the monitoring of operations. Unlike function oriented databases, an ODS contains subject-oriented, dynamic, current enterprise-wide information that is continually updated to show the current state of operations. ["Data Warehousing Architecture and Implementation"]. (2010-02-28)
Original Equipment Manufacturer "company" (OEM) A misleading term for a company which repackages equipment, such as computers, made by other companies. Unlike a {value added reseller}, an OEM does not necessarily add anything except their name to the product. In some cases though they may integrate components into complete systems. OEM arrangements are often made for marketing reasons. [Origin?] (2001-04-09)
OS/390 "operating system" An {IBM} {mainframe} {operating system}, featuring integrated {MVS}, {UNIX}, {LAN}, {distributed computing} and {application enablement services} through its base elements. These base services enable open, distributed processing and offer a foundation for object-ready application development. The OS/390 base includes a {Communication Server} that includes {VTAM}, the {VTAM AnyNet} feature, {TCP/IP} and {TIOC}. It provides {SNA} ({3270}), {APPC}, {High Performance Routing}, {ATM} support, {sockets} and {RPC}. OS/390 is basically rebranded, repackaged {MVS/OE}, {CMOS} processors, {RAMAC} disk arrays and {open systems} extension to networking in {VTAM}, the principle being that if you can't compete, rebrand what you have and tell everyone it's something new. {(http://204.146.133.206/os390/index.html)}. (1999-01-20)
OTP 1. "security" {One-Time Password}. 2. "protocol" {Open Trading Protocol}. 3. "storage, integrated circuit" {One Time Programmable Read Only Memory}. 4. "communications, library" {Open Telecom Platform}. (2001-08-28)
Our atmosphere teems with invisible lives, of which germs are merely the physically imbodied or integrated samples, minute and very weak in power. Our atmosphere contains likewise hosts of invisible beings of tremendous energy. Medieval philosophers combined these denizens of the atmosphere under the curious name of sylphs. As compared with the populations of the other elements of mystical philosophers, the sylphs are perhaps the most dangerous, psychologically and otherwise, at least so far as mankind is concerned. Further, theosophy teaches that both the atmosphere and the solid earth are interpenetrated by other spatial realms, invisible and intangible to us, but as objective to their own denizens as our world is to us.
outside-in testing "testing" A strategy for {integration testing} where units handling program inputs and outputs are tested first, and units that process the inputs to produce output are incrementally included as the system is integrated. A form of {hybrid testing}. (1997-01-07)
Packet in Plastic Grid Array "integrated circuit" (PPGA) The package used for {Intel}'s {Celeron} {Socket 370} {CPU}. [Description?] (1999-06-24)
pager 1. "hardware, communications" (Or "beeper", "bleeper" (UK?)) A small wireless receiver that, when triggered (generally via phone), will beep or vibrate (un)pleasantly. The wearer will have been trained to respond to this signal by looking at a small screen on the device for an unimportant message. In recent years, pagers have grown more complex, allowing for long {alphanumeric} messages to be received and scrolled though (as opposed to earlier models, which supported only short numeric messages); at the same time as pager functions are integrated into some {PDAs}. If this trend continues, the distinction between {PDAs} and high-end {pagers} will disappear. {Short Message Service} allows a mobile phone to display a message, just like an alphanumeric pager. 2. "tool" A program for viewing a {text file} a screenful at a time via a text {terminal}, as opposed to scrolling through it in a {GUI} window, or {cat}ting it all at once to the terminal. The best known pagers are {more}, {less}, pg and list.com. (1997-09-11)
PAL 1. "language" {Paradox Application Language}. 2. For the {AVANCE} distributed {persistent} {operating system}. ["PAL Reference Manual", M. Ahlsen et al, SYSLAB WP-125, Stockholm 1987]. ["AVANCE: An Object Management System", A. Bjornerstedt et al, SIGPLAN Notices 23(11):206-221 (OOPSLA '88) (Nov 1988)]. [What is it?] 3. "language" An {object-oriented} {Prolog}-like language. ["Inheritance Hierarchy Mechanism in Prolog", K. Akama, Proc Logic Prog '86, LNCS 264, Springer 1986, pp. 12-21]. 4. "language" {PDP Assembly Language}. 5. "language" {Pedagogic Algorithmic Language}. 6. "hardware, integrated circuit" {Programmable Array Logic}. 7. "television" {phase alternating line}. (2001-04-02)
Pascal/R {Pascal} with {relational database} constructs added. The first successful integrated {database} language. ["Pascal/R Report", J.W. Schmidt et al, U Hamburg, Fachbereich Informatik, Report 66, Jan 1980]. (1994-10-19)
Pentium II "processor" {Intel Corporation}'s successor to the {Pentium Pro}. The Pentium II can execute all the instructions of all the earlier members of the {Intel 80x86} processor family. There are four versions targetted at different user markets. The {Celeron} is the simplest and cheapest. The standard Pentium II is aimed at mainstream home and business users. The {Pentium II Xeon} is intended for higher performance business {servers}. There is also a mobile version of the Pentium II for use in portable computers. All versions of the Pentium II are packaged on a special {daughterboard} that plugs into a card-edge processor slot on the {motherboard}. The daughterboard is enclosed within a rectangular black box called a {Single Edge Contact} (SEC) cartridge. The budget {Celeron} may be sold as a card only without the box. Consumer line Pentium II's require a 242-pin slot called {Slot 1}. The {Xeon} uses a 330-pin slot called Slot 2. Intel refers to Slot 1 and Slot 2 as SEC-242 and SEC-330 in some of their technical documentation. The daughterboard has mounting points for the Pentium II {CPU} itself plus various support chips and {cache} memory chips. All components on the daughterboard are normally permanently soldered in place. Previous generation {Socket 7} motherboards cannot normally be upgraded to accept the Pentium II, so it is necessary to install a new motherboard. All Pentium II processors have {Multimedia Extensions} (MMX) and integrated Level One and Level Two cache controllers. Additional features include {Dynamic Execution} and Dual Independent Bus Architecture, with separate 64 bit system and cache busses. Pentium II is a {superscalar} CPU having about 7.5 million {transistors}. The first Pentium II's produced were code named {Klamath}. They were manufactured using a 0.35 micron process and supported {clock rates} of 233, 266, 300 and 333 {MHz} at a {bus} speed of 66 MHz. Second generation Pentium II's, code named Deschutes, are made with a 0.25 micron process and support rates of 350, 400 and 450 MHz at a bus speed of 100 MHz. {(http://intel.com/PentiumII/)}. (1998-10-06)
Philips "company" A Dutch multinational electronics company. It produces washing machines, consumer electronics, {integrated circuits} and light bulbs. Together with {Sony} they set the {Compact Disc} standard, especially {Green Book CD-ROM}. They are members of the {Open Software Foundation}. Philips Research Labs developed the {POOL} and {SPL} languages. Address: Philips Research Labs, Eindhoven, Netherlands. (1995-02-07)
Pin Grid Array "hardware" (PGA) A style of {integrated circuit} socket or pin-out with pins laid out on a square or rectangular grid with a separation of 0.1 inch in each direction. The pins near the centre of the array are often missing. PGA is often used on {motherboards} for {processors}, e.g. {Socket 6} and {Socket 8}. PPGA is "plastic PGA" (as opposed to ceramic?). See also {SPGA}. (2000-03-09)
pin-out "hardware" (Or "pinout") The allocation of logical functions or signals to the electrical connection points (pins) of an {integrated circuit} or other component or connector. (1996-04-04)
plasmid ::: n. --> A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in
PL/M Programming Language/Microcomputers. MAA (later Digital Research) for Intel, 1972. A very low level language incorporating ideas from PL/I, ALGOL and XPL. Integrated macro processor. Originally the implementation language for CP/M. "PL/M-80 Programming Manual", Doc 98-268B, Intel 1976. "A Guide to PL/M Programming for Microcomputer Applications", D. McCracken, A-W 1978. Versions: PL/M-80, PL/M-86, PL/M-286.
Pluggable Authentication Module "security" (PAM) The new industry standard integrated {login} {framework}. PAM is used by system entry components, such as the {Common Desktop Environment}'s dtlogin, to authenticate users logging into a {Unix} system. It provides pluggability for a variety of system-entry services. PAM's ability to {stack} authentication {modules} can be used to integrate {login} with different authentication mechanisms such as {RSA}, {DCE} and {Kerberos}, and thus unify login mechanisms. PAM can also integrate {smart card} authentication. {White paper (http://gr.osf.org/book/psm-wppr.htm)}. [OSF-RFC 86.0 V. Samar, R. Schemers, "Unified Login with Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)", Oct 1995]. (1997-07-18)
Portable Scheme Interpreter (PSI) A portable scheme interpreter by Ozan Yigit "oz@ursa.sis.yorku.ca", David Keldsen and Pontus Hedman that includes a simple {DAG} compiler and a {virtual machine}. It can be used as an integrated extension {interpreter} in other systems and allows easy addition of new primitives. There are some unique debugging and tracing facilities. Acceptable performance results from a fairly straight-forward implementation. {Continuations} are fully and portably supported and perform well. PSI is based on the simple compilers and {virtual machine} in Kent Dbyvig's thesis. The pre-release version conforms to {R4RS} with a number of useful extensions. (1993-02-19)
portion ::: 1. A part of any whole, either separated from or integrated with it. 2. The part of a whole allotted to or belonging to a person or group; share. Also fig. 3. Something that is allotted to a person by God or fate. portions.
POSTGRES "database" An {active DBMS} developed at the {University of California at Berkeley} by a team led by Michael Stonebraker (1986-1994). Postgres was later taken by {Illustra} and developed into a commercial product, which in turn was bought by {Informix} and integrated into their product, {Universal Server}. {PostgreSQL} is a further development of the original POSTGRES code as a {free software} alternative to commercial {DBMS} vendor offerings. [Details? Reference? Relationship to {Ingres}?] (1999-07-04)
PRECCX "tool" (Pre-C-Compiler eXtended) An infinite-{lookahead} {compiler-compiler} by Peter Breuer "ptb@comlab.ox.ac.uk" for {context dependent grammars}. PRECCX generates {ANSI C}. Specification scripts are in very {EBNF} with {inherited attributes} and {synthetic attributes} allowed. Scripts can be compiled in separate {modules} and linked later. {Meta-production rules} are allowed. Grammars can be essentially LL(oo) with optimisations. A converter for {yacc} scripts is available. Versions 1.xx were known as "PRECC" and only had unbounded lookahead. The 2.xx series added the "X" for "extended" and featured higher order parameterisation (inherited attributes). Version 2.42 integrates inherited and synthesized attributes by using a "monadic" model for parsing. You can now synthsize attributes during the pass and inherit them in the remainder, e.g. @ foo = bar\x gum(x) synthesises an x in bar and passes it down into gum as a parameter. Useful for @ what = ?\x did_you_say(x), for example. It now compiles into {C} instead of running an {interpreter} at parse-time. Version 2.42 runs under {Unix} and {MS-DOS}. {(http://comlab.ox.ac.uk/archive/redo/precc.html)}. E-mail: Peter Breuer "ptb@comlab.ox.ac.uk", Jonathan Bowen "J.P.Bowen@reading.ac.uk". ["The PRECC Compiler-Compiler" by P.T. Breuer and J.P. Bowen. In E. Davies and A. Findlay (eds.), Proc. UKUUG/SUKUG Joint New Year 1993 Conference, St. Cross Centre, Oxford, UK, 6-8 January 1993, ISBN 1 873611 06 4 ({UKUUG}), 0 9520700 0 6 (SUKUG) UKUUG/SUKUG Secretariat, Owles Hall, Buntingford, Herts SG9 9PL, UK, pp 167-182, 1993]. (2000-04-24)
PREP 1. (PReP) {PowerPC Reference Platform}. 2. (PREP) PRogrammed Electronics Patterns. Language for designing {integrated circuits}. ["Computer Assisted Mask Production", R.L. Rosenfeld, Proc IEEE 57(9) Sep 1969].
printed circuit board "hardware" (PCB) A thin board to which electronic components are fixed by solder. Component leads and {integrated circuit} pins may pass through holes ("vias") in the board or they may be {surface mounted}, in which case no holes are required (though they may still be used to connect different layers). The simplest kind of PCB has components and wires on one side and interconnections (the printed circuit) on the other. PCBs may have components mounted on both sides and may have many internal layers, allowing more connections to fit in the same board area. Boards with internal conductor layers usually have "plated-through holes" to improve the electrical connection to the internal layers. The connections are metal strips (usually copper). The pattern of connections is often produced using photo-resist and acid etching. Boards, especially those for high frequency circuits such as modern {microprocessors}, usually have one or more "{ground planes}" and "power planes" which are large areas of copper for greater current carrying ability. A computer or other electronic system might be built from several PCBs, e.g. processor, memory, graphics controller, disk controller etc. These boards might all plug into a {motherboard} or {backplane} or be connected by a {ribbon cable}. (1995-05-01)
Program Composition Notation (PCN) A specification language for parallelism between {C} and {Fortran} {modules}. PCN provides a simple language for specifying {concurrent} {algorithms}, interfaces to {Fortran} and {C}, a portable toolkit that allows applications to be developed on a {workstation} or small parallel computer and run unchanged on {supercomputers} and integrated debugging and performance analysis tools. PCN was developed at {Argonne National Laboratory} and the {California Institute of Technology}. It has been used to develop a wide variety of applications, in areas such as climate modelling, fluid dynamics, computational biology, chemistry, and circuit simulation. Version 2.0 runs on networks of workstations: {Sun-4}, {NeXT}, {RS/6000}, {SGI}; {multicomputers}: {iPSC}/860, {Touchstone DELTA}; and {shared memory} multiprocessors: {Symmetry}/{Dynix}. {(ftp://info.mcs.anl.gov/pub/pcn)}. E-mail: Ian Foster "pcn@mcs.anl.gov", Steve Tuecke "tuecke@mcs.anl.gov". ["Productive Parallel Programming: The PCN Approach", I. Foster et al, Sci Prog 1(1):51-66 (1992)]. (1993-02-12)
Programmable Array Logic "hardware" (PAL) A family of fuse-programmable logic {integrated circuits} originally developed by {MMI}. Registered or {combinatorial} output functions are modelled in a {sum of products} form. Each output is a sum (logical or) of a fixed number of products (logical and) of the input signals. This structure is well suited for automatic generation of programming patterns by logic compilers. PAL devices are programmed by blowing the fuses permanently using overvoltage. Today, more complex devices based on the same original architecture are available (CPLD's for Complex PLD's) that incorporate the equivalent of several original PAL chips. PAL chips are, however, still popular due to their high speed. {Generic Array Logic} devices are reprogrammable and contain more {logic gates}. (1995-12-09)
Programmable Interrupt Controller "integrated circuit" {PIC} A special-purpose {integrated circuit} that functions as an overall manager in an {interrupt} driven system. It accepts requests from the {peripheral} equipment, determines which of the incoming requests is of the highest priority, ascertains whether the incoming request has a higher priority value than the level currently being serviced, and issues an interrupt to the {CPU} based on this determination. PICs typically have eight interrupt lines, and two PICs are often cascaded to provide 15 available interrupt lines. See also: {Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller}. (2003-03-18)
PROgrammed Graph REwriting Systems "language" (PROGRES) A very high level language based on {graph grammars}, developed by Andy Scheurr "andy@i3.informatik.rwth-aachen.de" and Albert Zuendorf "albert@i3.informatik.rwth-aachen.de" of {RWTH}, Aachen in 1991. PROGRES supports structurally {object-oriented specification} of {attributed graph} structures with {multiple inheritance} hierarchies and types of types (for {parametric polymorphism}). It also supports declarative/relational specification of derived attributes, node sets, binary relationships (directed edges) and {Boolean} {constraints}, rule-oriented/visual specification of parameterised graph rewrite rules with complex application conditions, {nondeterministic} and {imperative programming} of composite graph transformations (with built-in {backtracking} and cancelling arbitrary sequences of failing graph modifications). It is used for implementing {abstract data types} with graph-like internal structure, as a visual language for the {graph-oriented database} {GRAS}, and as a rule-oriented language for prototyping {nondeterministic}ally specified data/rule base transformations. PROGRES has a formally defined {semantics} based on "PROgrammed Graph Rewriting Systems". It is an almost {statically typed} language which additionally offers "down casting" operators for run time checked type casting/conversion (in order to avoid severe restrictions concerning the language's expressiveness). Version RWTH 5.10 includes an integrated environment. [A. Scheurr, "Introduction to PROGRES, an Attribute Graph Grammar Based Specification Language", in Proc WG89 Workshop on Graphtheoretic Concepts in Computer Science", LNCS 411, Springer 1991]. {(ftp://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/Unix/PROGRES/)} for {Sun-4}. (1993-11-02)
Purdue Compiler-Construction Tool Set "tool" (PCCTS) A highly integrated {lexical analser generator} and {parser generator} by Terence J. Parr "parrt@acm.org", Will E. Cohen and Henry G. Dietz "hankd@ecn.purdue.edu", both of {Purdue University}. ANTLR (ANother Tool for Language Recognition) corresponds to YACC and DLG (DFA-based Lexical analyser Generator) functions like {LEX}. PCCTS has many additional features which make it easier to use for a wide range of translation problems. PCCTS {grammars} contain specifications for lexical and syntactic analysis with selective {backtracking} ("infinite lookahead"), {semantic predicates}, intermediate-form construction and error reporting. Rules may employ {Extended BNF} (EBNF) grammar constructs and may define parameters, return values, and have {local variables}. Languages described in PCCTS are recognised via {LLk} parsers constructed in pure, human-readable, {C} code. Selective backtracking is available to handle non-LL(k) constructs. PCCTS {parsers} may be compiled with a {C++} compiler. PCCTS also includes the {SORCERER} tree parser generator. {(ftp://marvin.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/pccts/1.10)}. {UK FTP (ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/ computing/programming/languages/tools/pccts/)}. {Macintosh FTP (ftp://maya.dei.unipd.it/pub/mac/)}. Mailing list: pccts-users-request@ahpcrc.umn.edu ("subscribe pccts-users your_name" in the message body). E-mail: Terence J. Parr "parrt@acm.org", Roberto Avanzi "mocenigo@maya.dei.unipd.it" (Mac port). (2000-10-30)
Python 1. "language" A simple, high-level interpreted language invented by Guido van Rossum "guido@cwi.nl" in 1991. Python combines ideas from {ABC}, {C}, {Modula-3} and {Icon}. It bridges the gap between {C} and {shell} programming, making it suitable for {rapid prototyping} or as an extension language for C applications. It is {object-oriented} and supports packages, {modules}, {classes}, user-defined exceptions, a good C interface, dynamic loading of C modules and has no arbitrary restrictions. Python is available for many {platforms}, including {Unix}, {Windows}, {DOS}, {OS/2}, {Macintosh} and {Amoeba}. {(http://python.org/)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.python}. (2007-02-21) 2. "compiler" A {compiler} for {CMU Common LISP}. Python is more sophisticated than other {Common Lisp} compilers. It produces better code and is easier to use. The programming environment based on the {Hemlock} editor is better integrated than {GNU} {Emacs} based environments. (1997-02-27)
QL "computer" (Quantum Leap) Sir {Clive Sinclair}'s first {Motorola 68008}-based {personal computer}, developed from around 1981 and released about 1983. The QL ran Sinclair's {QDOS} {operating system} which was the first {multitasking} OS on a home computer, though few programmers used this feature. It had a structured, extended {BASIC} and a suite of integrated {application programs} written by {Psion}. It featured innovative "{microdrives}" which were random-access tape drives. It was not a success. The microdrives were innovative but probably a mistake. Though reliable and quite quick, they sounded like they were going to jam and explode, releasing a shower of plastic shavings and tape into your face. The QL and QDOS only supported two graphics modes - ominously named high res and low res. High res had four (fixed) colours at a resolution of 512 by 256 {pixels}. Low res had 8 colours (black, blue, red, magenta, green, cyan, yellow, white) plus a flash mode with 256 by 256 pixels. The sound was next to useless - single channel single oscillator with various parameters for fuzz, pitch change. There was one internal {font}, scalable to 2 heights and 3 widths. Peripherals and enhancements included a {GUI} on a plug-in {ROM}, accelerator cards ({Motorola 68020}, 4 MB RAM), {floppy disks} and {hard disks}. In 1996 there is still some interest in the QL, spread by the Internet of course. {Emulation} software, {source code}, "The QL Hackers Journal" and similar are still available, and many QLs are on the net. {(http://imaginet.fr/~godefroy/english)}. (1996-08-01)
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata "electronics, computing" (QCA) Quantum logic circuits created by orientating pairs of {quantum cells} so that their relative positions determine their affect on each other. This is functionally analogous but structurally different from how individual {gates} in {integrated circuits} are combined to create logical and memory circuitry. The advantages of quantum-dot cellular automata over conventional circuitry are extremely small size/high density, low power requirements, and potentially high processing speeds. Disadvantages (in 2000) are difficulty of fabrication and low yield. See also: {quantum cell wire}. {(http://nd.edu/~qcahome/)}. {(http://mitre.org/research/nanotech/quantum_dot_cell.html)}. ["Quantum Dot Heterostructures", D. Bimberg, et al, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Dec 1998]. (2001-07-17)
Radio-frequency identification "hardware" (RFID) Small {radio} {transponders} or "tags" designed to be attached to items like products in a supermarket to allow the items to be identified and tracked by a remote system. Typically an RFID tag includes an {integrated circuit} that stores data and interfaces to the antenna, allowing the stored data to be retrieved by the remote system. (2008-07-30)
random-access memory "storage" (RAM) (Previously "direct-access memory"). A data storage device for which the order of access to different locations does not affect the speed of access. This is in contrast to, say, a {magnetic disk}, {magnetic tape} or a {mercury delay line} where it is very much quicker to access data sequentially because accessing a non-sequential location requires physical movement of the storage medium rather than just electronic switching. In the 1970s {magnetic core} memory was used and some old-timers still call RAM "core". The most common form of RAM in use today is {semiconductor} {integrated circuits}, which can be either {static random-access memory} (SRAM) or {dynamic random-access memory} (DRAM). The term "RAM" has gained the additional meaning of read-write. Most kinds of semiconductor {read-only memory} (ROM) are actually "random access" in the above sense but are never referred to as RAM. Furthermore, memory referred to as RAM can usually be read and written equally quickly (approximately), in contrast to the various kinds of {programmable read-only memory}. Finally, RAM is usually volatile though {non-volatile random-access memory} is also used. Interestingly, some {DRAM} devices are not truly random access because various kinds of "{page mode}" or "column mode" mean that sequential access is faster than random access. The humorous expansion "Rarely Adequate Memory" refers to the fact that programs and data always seem to expand to fill the memory available. (2007-10-12)
Read-Only Memory "storage" (ROM) A type of data storage device which is manufactured with fixed contents. In its most general sense, the term might be used for any storage system whose contents cannot be altered, such as a gramophone record or a printed book; however, the term is most often applied to {semiconductor} {integrated circuit} memories, of which there are several types, and {CD-ROM}. ROM is inherently {non-volatile storage} - it retains its contents even when the power is switched off, in contrast to {RAM}. ROM is often used to hold programs for {embedded systems} since these usually have a fixed purpose. ROM is also used for storage of the lowest level {bootstrap} software (firmware) in a computer. See also {Programmable Read-Only Memory}. (1995-05-09)
real estate "jargon" May be used for any critical resource measured in units of area. Most frequently used of "chip real estate", the area available for logic on the surface of an {integrated circuit} (see also {nanoacre}). May also be used of floor space in a {dinosaur pen}, or even space on a crowded desktop (whether physical or electronic). [{Jargon File}] (1996-11-06)
reintegrate ::: v. t. --> To renew with regard to any state or quality; to restore; to bring again together into a whole, as the parts off anything; to reestablish; as, to reintegrate a nation.
redintegrate ::: a. --> Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed. ::: v. t. --> To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or soundness.
regression testing "programming" Part of the test phase of software development where, as new {modules} are integrated into the system and the added functionality is tested, previously tested functionality is re-tested to assure that no new module has corrupted the system. [Bennatan, E.M., "Software Project Management", 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill International, 1992]. (1995-12-04)
reverse engineering "systems, product, design" The process of analysing an existing system to identify its components and their interrelationships and create representations of the system in another form or at a higher level of {abstraction}. Reverse engineering is usually undertaken in order to redesign the system for better maintainability or to produce a copy of a system without access to the design from which it was originally produced. For example, one might take the {executable code} of a computer program, run it to study how it behaved with different inputs and then attempt to write a program which behaved identically (or better). An {integrated circuit} might also be reverse engineered by an unscrupulous company wishing to make unlicensed copies of a popular chip. (1995-10-06)
RJ-45 "hardware" A {serial} connector which looks very much like a standard telephone connector, except it houses eight wires instead of four. RJ-45s are typically found on {computers} either integrated into the {mother board} or on a {NIC}. Because they are so small they are often used on devices such as {terminal servers} that have many {ports}. {Ethernet} ({10baseT}) and {Token Ring} sometimes use four wires of an RJ-45 plug, {100baseVG} uses all eight. {100BaseTX} uses the same four wires of the RJ-45 connector as 10baseT but the wire must be {category 5} instead of {category 3}. [Would the cable normally be {shielded twisted pair} or {unshielded twisted pair}?] (2004-05-22)
SAINT 1. "language" {Symbolic Automatic INTegrator}. 2. "networking, security, tool" {Security Administrator's Integrated Network Tool}.
Sales Force Automation "business" (Sales Automation, SFA, SFFA, Sales & Field Force Automation) Software to support sales reps. The software gives sales representitives access to contacts, appointments and e-mail. It is likely to be integrated with {Customer Relationship Management} systems and {Opportunity Management Systems}. (1999-08-20)
salt substrate [MIT] Collective noun used to refer to potato chips, pretzels, saltines, or any other form of snack food designed primarily as a carrier for sodium chloride. From the technical term "chip substrate", used to refer to the silicon on the top of which the active parts of integrated circuits are deposited.
samasti. ::: cosmic; collective; an integrated whole of the same class of entity
sandbender [IBM] A person involved with silicon lithography and the physical design of {integrated circuits}. Compare {ironmonger}, {polygon pusher}.
SAS System "tool" (SAS) Integrated software to access, manage, analyze, and present data. The SAS System can be used to perform data entry, retrieval and management; report writing and graphics design; statistical and mathematical analysis; business forecasting and decision support; operations research; project management and applications development. (1998-11-06)
SATAN {Security Administrator's Integrated Network Tool}
Sather "language" /Say-ther/ (Named after the Sather Tower at {UCB}, as opposed to the Eiffel Tower). An interactive {object-oriented} language designed by Steve M. Omohundro at {ICSI} in 1991. Sather has simple {syntax}, similar to {Eiffel}, but it is non-proprietary and faster. Sather 0.2 was nearly a subset of Eiffel 2.0, but Sather 1.0 adds many distinctive features: parameterised {class}es, {multiple inheritance}, statically-checked {strong typing}, {garbage collection}. The compiler generates {C} as an {intermediate language}. There are versions for most {workstations}. Sather attempts to retain much of {Eiffel}'s theoretical cleanliness and simplicity while achieving the efficiency of {C++}. The compiler generates efficient and portable C code which is easily integrated with existing code. A variety of development tools including a debugger and {browser} based on {gdb} and a {GNU Emacs} development environment have also been written. There is also a {class library} with several hundred classes that implement a variety of basic data structures and numerical, geometric, connectionist, statistical, and graphical abstractions. The authors would like to encourage contributions to the library and hope to build a large collection of efficient, well-written, well-tested classes in a variety of areas of computer science. Sather runs on {Sun-4}, {HP9000}/300, {Decstation} 5000, {MIPS}, {Sony News} 3000, {Sequent}/{Dynix}, {SCO} {SysV}R3.2, {NeXT}, {Linux}. See also {dpSather}, {pSather}, {Sather-K}. {(ftp://ftp.icsi.berkeley.edu/pub/sather)}. E-mail: "sather-admin@icsi.berkeley.edu". Mailing list: sather-request@icsi.berkeley.edu. (1995-04-26)
SB AWE32 "multimedia, music, hardware" A standard {SB16 MultiCD} {sound card} with the {EMU8000} "Advanced WavEffect" music synthesizer {integrated circuit}. The card includes all the standard SB16 features as well as the {Advanced Signal Processor} and multiple interfaces supporting {Creative}, {Mitsumi} and {Sony} {CD-ROM} drives. The EMU8000 comes integrated with 1MB of {General MIDI} samples and 512kB of {DRAM} for additional sample downloading. It can address up to 28 MB of external DRAM. The SB AWE32 supports General MIDI, Roland GS, and Sound Canvas MT-32 {emulation}. (1996-12-16)
secondary cache "memory management" (Or "second level cache", "level two cache", "L2 cache") A larger, slower {cache} between the {primary cache} and main memory. Whereas the {primary cache} is often on the same {integrated circuit} as the {central processing unit} (CPU), a secondary cache is usually external. (1997-06-25)
Security Administrator's Integrated Network Tool "networking, security, tool" (SAINT, originally "Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks", SATAN) A tool written by Dan Farmer and Wietse Venema which remotely probes systems via the {network} and stores its findings in a {database}. The results can be viewed with an {web browser}. SAINT requires {Perl} 5.000 or better. In its simplest mode, SAINT gathers as much information about remote hosts and networks as possible by examining such network services as {finger}, {NFS}, {NIS}, {FTP}, {TFTP}, {rexd}, and other services. The information gathered includes the presence of various network information services as well as potential security flaws - usually in the form of incorrectly setup or configured network services, well-known {bugs} in system or network utilities, or poor or ignorant policy decisions. It can then either report on this data or use a simple rule-based system to investigate any potential security problems. Users can then examine, query, and analyze the output with a {web browser}. While the program is primarily geared toward analysing the security implications of the results, a great deal of general network information can be gained when using the tool - network topology, network services running, and types of hardware and software being used on the network. SAINT can also be used in exploratory mode. Based on the initial data collection and a user configurable ruleset, it will examine the avenues of trust and dependency and iterate further data collection runs over secondary hosts. This not only allows the user to analyse his own network, but also to examine the real implications inherent in network trust and services and help them make reasonably educated decisions about the security level of the systems involved. {(http://wwdsi.com/saint/)}. {Old SATAN page (http://fish.com/satan/)}. {Mailing list (http://wwdsi.com/saint/list_server.html)}. (2000-08-12)
serial port "hardware, communications" (Or "com port") A connector on a computer to which you can attach a {serial line} connected to peripherals which communicate using a serial (bit-stream) {protocol}. The most common type of serial port is a 25-pin D-type connector carrying {EIA-232} signals. Smaller connectors (e.g. 9-pin {D-type}) carrying a subset of EIA-232 are often used on {personal computers}. The serial port is usually connected to an {integrated circuit} called a {UART} which handles the conversion between serial and parallel data. In the days before bit-mapped displays, and today on {multi-user} systems, the serial port was used to connect one or more terminals ({teletypewriters} or {VDUs}), printers, {modems} and other serial peripherals. Two computers connected together via their serial ports, possibly via {modems}, can communicate using a {protocol} such as {UUCP} or {CU} or {SLIP}. (1995-01-12)
SHIFT Scalable Heterogeneous Integrated Facility Testbed. A parallel processing project at CERN.
shovelware /shuh'v*l-weir"/ Extra software dumped onto a CD-ROM or tape to fill up the remaining space on the medium after the software distribution it's intended to carry, but not integrated with the distribution.
silicon 1. "electronics" The material used as the base (or "substrate") for most {integrated circuits}. 2. "jargon" {Hardware}, especially {integrated circuits} or {microprocessor}-based computer systems (compare {iron}). Contrast: {software}. See also {sandbender}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-05-28)
silicon chip {integrated circuit}
Single In-line Memory Module "storage" (SIMM) A small circuit board or substrate, typically about 10cm x 2cm, with {RAM} {integrated circuits} or die on one or both sides and a single row of pins along one long edge. Several SIMMs are mounted with their substrates at right-angles to the main circuit board (the {motherboard}). This configuration allows greater packing density than direct mounting of, e.g. DIL ({dual in-line}) RAM packages on the motherboard. In 1993 one SIMM typically held one or four megabytes, by early 1997 one could hold 8, 16, or 32 MB. (1997-01-05)
Single Inline Pin Package "hardware" (SIPP) An {integrated circuit} package with a single line of pins. Compare {Dual Inline Package}, {Single In-line Memory Module}. (1995-03-01)
single sign-on "security" (SSO) Any user authentication system permiting users to access multiple data sources through a single point of entry. Part of an integrated access management framework. (2003-12-31)
Slingshot "networking, business, tool, product, protocol" {CSK Software}'s {real time} financial server for the {Internet}. Slingshot allows the delivery of real time market data across the {Internet} and private {intranets} quickly, cheaply and securely. The first beta-test version was released free to the Internet on 6 August 1996. Slingshot allows any financial institution, regardless of size, to publish their rates and associated information to a global audience using standard Internet protocols and software. The {real-time} data can be seamlessly integrated into any standard {web} application and thus combined with static text, database queries and even audio and video objects, to create services. The Slingshot protocol enables the delivery of other forms of real time data over the Internet, thus making Slingshot useful in industries as varied as manufacturing, betting, telemetry, weather, transport and medicine. Version 2's improved protocol minimises the required {bandwidth} and can go through {firewalls}, {proxies}, and {virus scanners}, making Slingshot real-time data accessible everywhere where normal web access is possible. (2003-05-13)
smart card Any plastic card (like a credit card) with an embedded {integrated circuit} for storing information. Smart cards are being incorporated into soldier's dog-tags and used to store hospital patients' medical records. This way they are always instantly accessible. Other uses are as a form of token in banking systems. You could store electronic money on the card or less valuable tokens such as those given away by petrol companies which you collect to exchange for free gifts at a later date. The idea being that one smart card is easier to carry around than a multitude of paper tokens. {news:alt.technology.smartcards} (1995-01-06)
SoftModem The integration of {modem} controller and {data pump} {algorithms} into a single {RAM}-based {DSP} hardware architecture. These integrated algorithms are stored on the computer's hard disk, from which they are downloaded into the DSP board's random-access memory (RAM). This downloading, or "booting" process of the PC-installed software algorithms occurs as part of the computer's power-up initialisation process in less than 100 milliseconds, making it transparent to the user. [Digicom Modem FAQ version 2.03].
Software Engineering Environment (SEE) A set of management and technical tools to support software development, usually integrated in a coherent framework; equivalent to an {IPSE}. (1994-11-03)
software "programming" (Or "computer program", "program", "code") The instructions executed by a computer, as opposed to the physical device on which they run (the "{hardware}"). The term was coined by the eminent statistician, {John Tukey}. Programs stored on {non-volatile storage} built from {integrated circuits} (e.g. {ROM} or {PROM}) are usually called {firmware}. Software can be split into two main types - {system software} and application software or {application programs}. System software is any software required to support the production or execution of application programs but which is not specific to any particular application. Examples of system software would include the {operating system}, {compilers}, editors and sorting programs. Examples of application programs would include an accounts package or a {CAD} program. Other broad classes of application software include {real-time} software, {business software}, scientific and engineering software, {embedded software}, personal computer software and {artificial intelligence} software. Software includes both {source code} written by humans and executable {machine code} produced by {assemblers} or {compilers}. It does not usually include the data processed by programs unless this is in a format such as {multimedia} which depends on the use of computers for its presentation. This distinction becomes unclear in cases such as {spread sheets} which can contain both instructions (formulae and {macros}) and data. There are also various intermediate compiled or {semi-compiled}, forms of software such as {library} files and {byte-code}. Some claim that {documentation} (both paper and electronic) is also software. Others go further and define software to be programs plus documentation though this does not correspond with common usage. The noun "program" describes a single, complete and more-or-less self-contained list of instructions, often stored in a single {file}, whereas "code" and "software" are uncountable nouns describing some number of instructions which may constitute one or more programs or part thereof. Most programs, however, rely heavily on various kinds of {operating system} software for their execution. The nounds "code" and "software" both refer to the same thing but "code" tends to suggest an interest in the implementation details whereas "software" is more of a user's term. (2002-07-21)
Software Writer's Language "language" (SWL) /swil/ An industrial strength dialect of {Pascal} that allowed multiple {source code} files, originally developed at {Control Data Corporation} (CDC) prior to 1973. Development continued at the {Integrated Systems Laboratory}. SWL was adopted by NCR as its corporate {operating system} and {compiler} implementation language (1978-1982+). The NCR SWL dialect was renamed NCRL (NCR Language) in 1981 and continued development [until ?]. (2003-12-31)
solid-state storage device "storage" Any memory component with no moving parts, typically built around some kind of semiconductor {integrated circuit}. An example is {bubble memory}. See also: {RAM disk}. (2001-12-31)
solution ::: n. --> The act of separating the parts of any body, or the condition of undergoing a separation of parts; disruption; breach.
The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult question; explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation or problem, or the result of the process.
The state of being dissolved or disintegrated;
SOUL. ::: Soul is something of the Divine that descends into evolution as a divine Principle within it to support the evolution of the individual out of the IgnoraR<% into the Light. It deve- lops in the course of the evolution a psychic individual or soul individuality which grows from life to life, using the evolving mind, vital and body as its instruments, it is the soul that is immortal while the rest disintegrates ; it passes from life to life carrying its experience in essence and the continuity of the evolu- tion of the individual.
soul ::: Sri Aurobindo: "The word ‘soul", as also the word ‘psychic", is used very vaguely and in many different senses in the English language. More often than not, in ordinary parlance, no clear distinction is made between mind and soul and often there is an even more serious confusion, for the vital being of desire — the false soul or desire-soul — is intended by the words ‘soul" and ‘psychic" and not the true soul, the psychic being.” *Letters on Yoga
"The word soul is very vaguely used in English — as it often refers to the whole non-physical consciousness including even the vital with all its desires and passions. That was why the word psychic being has to be used so as to distinguish this divine portion from the instrumental parts of the nature.” *Letters on Yoga
"The word soul has various meanings according to the context; it may mean the Purusha supporting the formation of Prakriti, which we call a being, though the proper word would be rather a becoming; it may mean, on the other hand, specifically the psychic being in an evolutionary creature like man; it may mean the spark of the Divine which has been put into Matter by the descent of the Divine into the material world and which upholds all evolving formations here.” *Letters on Yoga
"A distinction has to be made between the soul in its essence and the psychic being. Behind each and all there is the soul which is the spark of the Divine — none could exist without that. But it is quite possible to have a vital and physical being supported by such a soul essence but without a clearly evolved psychic being behind it.” *Letters on Yoga
"The soul and the psychic being are practically the same, except that even in things which have not developed a psychic being, there is still a spark of the Divine which can be called the soul. The psychic being is called in Sanskrit the Purusha in the heart or the Chaitya Purusha. (The psychic being is the soul developing in the evolution.)” *Letters on Yoga
"The soul or spark is there before the development of an organised vital and mind. The soul is something of the Divine that descends into the evolution as a divine Principle within it to support the evolution of the individual out of the Ignorance into the Light. It develops in the course of the evolution a psychic individual or soul individuality which grows from life to life, using the evolving mind, vital and body as its instruments. It is the soul that is immortal while the rest disintegrates; it passes from life to life carrying its experience in essence and the continuity of the evolution of the individual.” *Letters on Yoga
". . . for the soul is seated within and impervious to the shocks of external events. . . .” *Essays on the Gita
". . . the soul is at first but a spark and then a little flame of godhead burning in the midst of a great darkness; for the most part it is veiled in its inner sanctum and to reveal itself it has to call on the mind, the life-force and the physical consciousness and persuade them, as best they can, to express it; ordinarily, it succeeds at most in suffusing their outwardness with its inner light and modifying with its purifying fineness their dark obscurities or their coarser mixture. Even when there is a formed psychic being able to express itself with some directness in life, it is still in all but a few a smaller portion of the being — ‘no bigger in the mass of the body than the thumb of a man" was the image used by the ancient seers — and it is not always able to prevail against the obscurity or ignorant smallness of the physical consciousness, the mistaken surenesses of the mind or the arrogance and vehemence of the vital nature.” *The Synthesis of Yoga
". . . the soul is an eternal portion of the Supreme and not a fraction of Nature.” The Life Divine
"The true soul secret in us, — subliminal, we have said, but the word is misleading, for this presence is not situated below the threshold of waking mind, but rather burns in the temple of the inmost heart behind the thick screen of an ignorant mind, life and body, not subliminal but behind the veil, — this veiled psychic entity is the flame of the Godhead always alight within us, inextinguishable even by that dense unconsciousness of any spiritual self within which obscures our outward nature. It is a flame born out of the Divine and, luminous inhabitant of the Ignorance, grows in it till it is able to turn it towards the Knowledge. It is the concealed Witness and Control, the hidden Guide, the Daemon of Socrates, the inner light or inner voice of the mystic. It is that which endures and is imperishable in us from birth to birth, untouched by death, decay or corruption, an indestructible spark of the Divine.” The Life Divine
*Soul, soul"s, Soul"s, souls, soulless, soul-bridals, soul-change, soul-force, Soul-Forces, soul-ground, soul-joy, soul-nature, soul-range, soul-ray, soul-scapes, soul-scene, soul-sense, soul-severance, soul-sight, soul-slaying, soul-space,, soul-spaces, soul-strength, soul-stuff, soul-truth, soul-vision, soul-wings, world-soul, World-Soul.
southbridge "architecture" The {integrated circuit} in a {core logic} {chip set} that controls the {IDE} bus, {USB}, {plug-n-play} support, the {PCI}-{ISA} bridge, keyboard/mouse controller, {power management}, and various other features. One brand provides {sound card} functions. Other functions are provided by the {northbridge} chip. {(http://maximumpc.com/terminator/terminator_s.html)}. (2000-01-15)
Staggered Pin Grid Array "hardware" (SPGA) A style of {integrated circuit} socket or pin-out with a staggered grid of pins around the edge of the socket, positioned as several squares, one inside the other. SPGA is commonly used on {motherboards} for {processors}, e.g. {Socket 5}, {Socket 7} and {Socket 8}. See also {PGA}. [Better description?] (1999-08-04)
subject-oriented programming "programming" Program composition that supports building {object-oriented} systems as compositions of {subjects}, extending systems by composing them with new subjects, and integrating systems by composing them with one another (perhaps with {glue} or adapter subjects). The flexibility of subject composition introduces novel opportunities for developing and modularising object-oriented programs. Subject-oriented programming-in-the-large involves dividing a system into subjects and writing rules to compose them correctly. It complements {object-oriented programming}, solving a number of problems that arise when OOP is used to develop large systems or suites of interoperating or integrated applications. {IBM subject-oriented programming (http://research.ibm.com/sop/)}. (1999-08-31)
substrate "hardware" The body or base layer of an {integrated circuit}, onto which other layers are deposited to form the circuit. The substrate is usually Silicon, though Sapphire is used for certain applications, particularly military, where radiation resistance is important. The substrate is originally part of the {wafer} from which the {die} is cut. It is used as the electrical {ground} for the circuit. (1996-04-07)
subtle Matter ::: Sri Aurobindo: "Much more than half our thoughts and feelings are not our own in the sense that they take form out of ourselves; of hardly anything can it be said that it is truly original to our nature. A large part comes to us from others or from the environment, whether as raw material or as manufactured imports; but still more largely they come from universal Nature here or from other worlds and planes and their beings and powers and influences; for we are overtopped and environed by other planes of consciousness, mind planes, life planes, subtle matter planes, from which our life and action here are fed, or fed on, pressed, dominated, made use of for the manifestation of their forms and forces.” *The Synthesis of Yoga
"Mind therefore is held by the Hindus to be a species of subtle matter in which ideas are waves or ripples, and it is not limited by the physical body which it uses as an instrument.” Essays in Philosophy and Yoga
"All that manifested from the Eternal has already been arranged in worlds or planes of its own nature, planes of subtle Matter, planes of Life, planes of Mind, planes of Supermind, planes of the triune luminous Infinite. But these worlds or planes are not evolutionary but typal. A typal world is one in which some ruling principle manifests itself in its free and full capacity and energy and form are plastic and subservient to its purpose. Its expressions are therefore automatic and satisfying and do not need to evolve; they stand so long as need be and do not need to be born, develop, decline and disintegrate.” Essays Divine and Human*
SunOS "operating system" {Sun Microsystems}' version of {Unix} for Sun {workstations}. SunOS is similar to {BSD Unix} with some {SVR4} features and {OpenWindows} 3.0. After version 4, SunOS was integrated into Sun's {Solaris} "operating environment". (1999-03-26)
Superbrain "computer" A {personal computer} released in 1980 by {Intertec}. The Superbrain had two {Z80A} {microprocessors} running at 4 MHz, one for the main processing and the other for peripheral activities. It had an integrated {keyboard} and {display}. It was sold with the {CP/M} {operating system}, {Microsoft Basic}, an {8080} {assembler} and {Microsoft Cobol 74}. The base model, the "Superbrain 10", had no drives, only a network connection. Other models added one or two 5" {floppy disc} units. The "Jr" had 170K drives (single-sided), the "QD" had 340 KB drives (double-sided) and the "SD" had 780k. Intertec did not sell or support a hard drive or an {S-100} bus for these machines. The network version of the SuperBrain was called CompuStar. The network was a large gray parallel cable. CompuStar had three "file servers" that accepted up to 255 machines. These were the "DSS-10" with a 10MB 8" Winchester drive; the "CDC" with 96MB consisting of 80MB fixed and a 16MB removable platter; and the "Priam" with a 144MB 14" platter winchester. Intertec manufactured the controllers for the last two and an enclosure and power supply for the Priam. CDC had to go on-site to install the 96MB. The SuperBrain was succeeded in 1982 by the {SuperBrain II}. {(http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=204)}. (2013-12-30)
T1 "communications" An {AT&T} term for a {digital carrier} facility used to transmit a {DS1} formatted digital signal at 1.544 megabits per second. T1 transmission uses a bipolar {Return To Zero} {alternate mark inversion} line coding scheme to keep the DC carrier component from saturating the line. Although some consider T1 signaling obsolete, much equipment operates at the "T1 rate" and such signals are either combined for transmission via faster circuits, or demultiplexed into 64 kilobit per second circuits for distribution to individual subscribers. T1 signals can be transported on {unshielded twisted pair} telephone lines. The transmitted signal consists of pips of a few hundred nanoseconds width, each inverted with respect to the one preceding. At the sending end the signal is 1 volt, and as received, greater than 0.01 volts. This requires repeaters about every 6000 feet. The information is contained in the timing of the signals, not the polarity. When a long sequence of bits in the transmitted information would cause no pip to be sent, "{bit stuffing}" is used so the receiving apparatus will not lose track of the sending clock. A T1 circuit requires two twisted pair lines, one for each direction. Some newer equipment uses the two lines at half the T1 rate and in {full-duplex} mode; the sent and received signals are separated at each end by components collectively called a "hybrid". Although this technique requires more sophisticated equipment and lowers the line length, an advantage is that half the sent and half the received information is mixed on any one line, making low-tech wiretaps less a threat. See also {Integrated Services Digital Network}. (1994-11-23)
T3 "communications" A {digital carrier} facility used to transmit a {DS3} formatted digital signal at 44.736 megabits per second. See also {Integrated Services Digital Network}. (1994-11-23)
Terminal Adaptor "networking, hardware" (TA) Equipment used to adapt {Integrated Services Digital Network} (ISDN) {Basic Rate Interface} (BRI) channels to existing terminal equipment standards such as {EIA-232} and {V.35}. A Terminal Adaptor is typically packaged like a {modem}, either as a {stand-alone} unit or as an interface card that plugs into a computer or other communications equipment (such as a {router} or {PBX}). A Terminal Adaptor does not interoperate with a {modem}; it replaces it. [ISDN {FAQ}]. (1994-10-03)
Texas Instruments "company" (TI) A US electronics company. A TI engineer, {Jack Kilby} invented the {integrated circuit} in 1958. Three TI employees left the company in 1982 to start {Compaq}. The {COOL} and {OATH} {C++} {class} libraries were developed at TI, as were {PDL2} and the {ASC} computer, {PC-Scheme} and {Texas Instruments Pascal}. {(ftp://ti.com/)}. (1994-09-26)
The annihilation of those who choose the left-hand or matter path occurs because they use their manasic faculty to its prostitution for selfish and evil purposes, which leads to a final rupture of the manasic links. When this rupture is complete, the entity being no longer attached to the higher triad sinks rapidly into the whirlpool of absolute matter and is finally disintegrated into its component life-atoms. The higher triad or monad thus freed from its downward-tending personality, after a period of rest in spiritual realms evolves a new lower garment in which to manifest in a later manvantara.
The Method of Statistics. The basic principle of statistical method is that of simplification, which makes possible a concise and comprehensive knowledge of a mass of isolated facts by correlating them along definite lines. The various stages of this method are: precise definition of the problem or field of inquiry; collection of material required by the problem; tabulation and measurement of material in a manner satisfying the purpose of the problem; clear presentation of the significant features of tabulated material (by means of charts, diagrams, symbols, graphs, equations and the like), selection of mathematical methods for application to the material obtained; necessary conclusion from the facts and figures obtained; general interpretation within the limits of the problem and the procedure used. The special methods of treating statistical data are: collecting, sampling, selecting, tabulating, classifying, totaling or aggregating, measuring, averaging, relating and correlating, presenting symbolically. Each one of these methods uses specialized experimental or mathematical means in its actual application. The special methods of interpreting statistical data already treated are: analyzing, estimiting, describing, comparing, explaining, applying and predicting. In order to be conclusive, the various stages and types of the statistical method must avoid loose definitions, cross divisions resulting ftom conflicting interpretations of the problem, data which are not simultaneous or subject to similar conditions, conclusions from poor oi incomplete data, prejudices in judging, even when there is no conuption of evidence. The philosophy of statistics is concerned in general with the discussion and evaluation of the mathematical principles, methods and results of this science; and in particular with a critical analysis of the fitness of biological, psychological, educational, economic and sociological materials, for various types of statistical treatment. The purpose of such an inquiry is to integrate its results into the general problems and schemes of philosophy proper. Cf.. Richard von Mises, Statistics, Probability, and Truth.
The modern movement which began about the middle of the 19th century, mainly with the Fox sisters, embraces a large range of differing beliefs, so that any strictures directed against certain phases of it may justly be resented by those to whom such strictures do not apply. But the characteristic doctrine which identifies Spiritualism or astralism as such, is the belief that it is possible for the living to communicate with the departed spirits of the deceased. Theosophy, however, holds that at death the personality disintegrates, the individuality of the person passing into the devachanic state, while its lower components gradually fade out in the kama-loka. It is impossible to obtain communications with the ego in devachan, except when a purely impersonal love of one human being for another reaches into the devachanic condition and comes into spiritual rapport with the devachani. A far lower rapport may be established with the astral or kama-lokic remains which have been left behind to disintegrate in the lower regions of the astral light.
The second death takes place when the two highest human principles, atman and buddhi, free themselves from the fourfold entity, but such separation of the monad takes place only after it has assimilated all the higher intellectual and truly spiritual attributes which the manas principle has stored up during the last life on earth. The ego then is freed from all low attractions and enters into devachanic bliss for a period according to its richness in human spiritual qualities. After the monad in the second death has abandoned the lower part of manas joined to kama, there remains the shell or spook (kama-rupa) which under normal conditions immediately begins to disintegrate in kama-loka. Thus after the second death the immortal triad — atman, buddhi, and all the spiritual and intellectual aroma of the manas — is freed, and the reimbodying ego or higher manas enters the devachanic state, and sleeps blissfully there till beginning its new cycle of descent towards reincarnation.
“The soul or spark is there before the development of an organised vital and mind. The soul is something of the Divine that descends into the evolution as a divine Principle within it to support the evolution of the individual out of the Ignorance into the Light. It develops in the course of the evolution a psychic individual or soul individuality which grows from life to life, using the evolving mind, vital and body as its instruments. It is the soul that is immortal while the rest disintegrates; it passes from life to life carrying its experience in essence and the continuity of the evolution of the individual.” Letters on Yoga
third generation computer "architecture" A computer built with small-scale integration {integrated circuits}, designed after the mid-1960s. Third generation computers use {semiconductor} memories in addition to, and later instead of, {ferrite core memory}. The two main types of semiconductor memory are {Read-Only Memory} (ROM) and read-and-write memories called {random-access memory} (RAM). A technique called {microprogramming} became widespread and simplified the design of the {CPUs} and increased their flexibility. This also made possible the development of {operating systems} as {software} rather than as hard-wiring. A variety of techniques for improving processing efficiency were invented, such as {pipelining}, (parallel operation of {functional units} processing a single instruction), and {multiprocessing} (concurrent execution of multiple programs). As the execution of a program requires that program to be in memory, the concurrent running of several programs requires that all programs be in memory simultaneously. Thus the development of techniques for concurrent processing was matched by the development of {memory management} techniques such as {dynamic memory allocation}, {virtual memory}, and {paging}, as well as {compilers} producing {relocatable code}. The {LILLIAC IV} is an example of a third generation computer. The CTSS ({Compatible Time-Sharing System}) was developed at {MIT} in the early 1960s and had a considerable influence on the design of subsequent timesharing operating systems. An interesting contrasting development in this generation was the start of mass production of small low-cost "{minicomputers}".
touchpad "hardware" (Or "trackpad") A stationary {pointing device} used mainly on {laptop computers}. Touchpads provide a small, flat surface that you slide your finger over using the same movements as you would a {mouse}. They were originally developed to provide a more natural and intuitive connection for the computer user than the mouse. Touchpads use a principle called coupling {capacitance}, and requires a {conductive} pointer such as a finger. They contain a two-layer grid of {electrodes} which are connected to an {integrated circuit} (IC) mounted under the pad. The upper layer contains vertical electrode strips while the lower layer is composed of horizontal electrode strips. Capacitance from each of the horizontal electrodes to each of the vertical electrodes is measured by the IC. A finger near the intersection of two electrodes modifies the capacitance between them, since a finger has very different {dielectric} properties than air. The position of the finger is precisely determined based on these changes at various locations. According to one correspondent, you can use any part of your body, which is not surprising, but not a McDonalds Chicken McCrispy. You can use reheated Pizza Hut Christmas Pizza though. {Synaptics (http://synaptics.com/product.htm)}. (2000-11-01)
Transcendent ::: “A Transcendent who is beyond all world and all Nature and yet possesses the world and its nature, who has descended with something of himself into it and is shaping it into that which as yet it is not, is the Source of our being, the Source of our works and their Master. But the seat of the Transcendent Consciousness is above in an absoluteness of divine Existence—and there too is the absolute Power, Truth, Bliss of the Eternal—of which our mentality can form no conception and of which even our greatest spiritual experience is only a diminished reflection in the spiritualised mind and heart, a faint shadow, a thin derivate. Yet proceeding from it there is a sort of golden corona of Light, Power, Bliss and Truth—a divine Truth-Consciousness as the ancient mystics called it, a Supermind, a Gnosis, with which this world of a lesser consciousness proceeding by Ignorance is in secret relation and which alone maintains it and prevents it from falling into a disintegrated chaos.” The Synthesis of Yoga
transcendent ::: Sri Aurobindo: "A Transcendent who is beyond all world and all Nature and yet possesses the world and its nature, who has descended with something of himself into it and is shaping it into that which as yet it is not, is the Source of our being, the Source of our works and their Master. But the seat of the Transcendent Consciousness is above in an absoluteness of divine Existence — and there too is the absolute Power, Truth, Bliss of the Eternal — of which our mentality can form no conception and of which even our greatest spiritual experience is only a diminished reflection in the spiritualised mind and heart, a faint shadow, a thin derivate. Yet proceeding from it there is a sort of golden corona of Light, Power, Bliss and Truth — a divine Truth-Consciousness as the ancient mystics called it, a Supermind, a Gnosis, with which this world of a lesser consciousness proceeding by Ignorance is in secret relation and which alone maintains it and prevents it from falling into a disintegrated chaos.” *The Synthesis of Yoga
"The Transcendent, the Universal, the Individual are three powers overarching, underlying and penetrating the whole manifestation; this is the first of the Trinities. In the unfolding of consciousness also, these are the three fundamental terms and none of them can be neglected if we would have the experience of the whole Truth of existence. Out of the individual we wake into a vaster freer cosmic consciousness; but out of the universal too with its complex of forms and powers we must emerge by a still greater self-exceeding into a consciousness without limits that is founded on the Absolute.” The Synthesis of Yoga
"We see then that there are three terms of the one existence, transcendent, universal and individual, and that each of these always contains secretly or overtly the two others. The Transcendent possesses itself always and controls the other two as the basis of its own temporal possibilities; that is the Divine, the eternal all-possessing God-consciousness, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, which informs, embraces, governs all existences. The human being is here on earth the highest power of the third term, the individual, for he alone can work out at its critical turning-point that movement of self-manifestation which appears to us as the involution and evolution of the divine consciousness between the two terms of the Ignorance and the Knowledge.” The Life Divine
The Transcendent
This is what is termed the Adya Shakti; she is the Supreme Consciousness and Power above the universe and it is by her that all the Gods are manifested, and even the supramental Ishwara comes into manifestation through her — the supramental Purushottama of whom the Gods are Powers and Personalities.” Letters on Yoga
**Transcendent"s.**
transistor "electronics" A three terminal {semiconductor} amplifying device, the fundamental component of most active electronic circuits, including digital electronics. The transistor was invented on 1947-12-23 at {Bell Labs}. There are two kinds, the {bipolar transistor} (also called the junction transistor), and the {field effect transistor} (FET). Transistors and other components are interconnected to make complex {integrated circuits} such as {logic gates}, {microprocessors} and memory. (1995-10-05)
Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) A common semiconductor technology for building discrete digital logic integrated circuits. It originated from {Texas Instruments} in 1965. There have been several series of TTL logic: 7400: 10 ns propagation time, 10 mW/gate power consumption, obsolete; 74L00: Low power: higher resistances, less dissipation (1 mW), longer propagation time (30 ns); 74H00: High power: lower resistances, more dissipation: less sensitivity for noise; 74S00: Schottky-clamped: faster switching (3 ns, 19 mW) by using Schottky diodes to prevent the transistors from saturation; 74LS00: Low power, Schottky-clamped (10 ns, 2 mW); 74AS00: Advanced Schottky: faster switching, less dissipation, (1.5 ns, 10 mW); 74ALS00: Advanced Low power Schottky (4 ns, 1.3 mW). For each 74xxx family there is a corresponding 54xxx family. The 74 series are specified for operation at 0 - 70 C whereas the 54 (military) series can operate at -55 - 125 C See also {CMOS}, {ECL}.
Turbo C "language" {Borland}'s {C} {compiler} for {IBM PCs}. Turbo C, version 1.0, was introduced by Borland in 1987. It offered the first integrated edit-compile-run development environment for {C} on {IBM PCs}. It ran in 384KB of memory. It allowed inline assembly, supported all memory models, and offered optimisations for speed, size, {constant folding}, and {jump elimination}. Version 1.5 shipped on five 360 KB diskettes of uncompressed files, and came with sample C programs, including a stripped down spreadsheet called mcalc. Turbo C 2.0 has a debugger, a fast assembler, and an extensive graphics library. Turbo C has been largely supplanted by {Turbo C++}, introduced circa September, 1990 for both {MS-DOS} and {Microsoft Windows}. ["Compiling the facts on C", Richard Hale Shaw, PC Magazine, September 13, 1988, pages 115-183]. (1996-10-31)
Turbo Pascal "language, product" {Borland International}'s {Pascal}. Perhaps the first integrated development environment for {MS-DOS}. Versions 1.0-3.0: standard Pascal with a few extensions Versions 4.0 (1987) and 5.0: {separate compilation}. Version 5.5: {object-oriented}. Version 6.0: {Turbo Vision} OOP library. {(http://borland.com/Product/ProdInfo.html)}. {tptc} translates Turbo Pascal to {Turbo C}. (1995-05-01)
two-binary, one-quaternary "communications" (2B1Q) A {physical layer} encoding used for {Integrated Services Digital Network} {basic rate interface}. 2B1Q represents two {bits} (2B - a "dibit") using one of four signal levels (1Q - a "quadratude"). The first bit of the dibit is indicated by polarity: positive indicates a binary 1 and negative indicates a 0. The second half of the dibit is indicated by voltage magnitude: 1 Volt indicates a binary 1 and 3 Volts indicates binary 0. (2003-01-10)
Uniface 1. "database, programming, product" A {4GL} development environment and system integration tool marketed by {Compuware}. Uniface is database independent, with interfaces to more than 14 {database management systems} and file retrieval systems including {DB2}, {IMS}, {SQL Server}, {Oracle}, {RDB}, {Sybase}. It is currently supported on {MS Windows} (98, ME, NT, 2000, XP, 2003), various {Unix} flavours, {Linux}, {OpenVMS}, {IBM iSeries} ({AS/400}), {IBM zSeries} ({MVS}) and various {web servers}. Uniface can integrate with {SAP}, {COM}, {Java}, {BEA Tuxedo}, {CICS}, and various {CORBA} implementations. {Uniface user group Germany (http://c-b-g.org/)}. {Profesional Uniface Users Universe (http://puuu.org/)}. {Free tutorials (http://march-hare.com.au/)}. 2. "text" Synonym of {bitmap font}. (1999-01-05)
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter "communications, hardware" (UART) An {integrated circuit} used for serial communications, containing a transmitter (parallel-to-serial converter) and a receiver (serial-to-parallel converter), each clocked separately. The parallel side of a UART is usually connected to the {bus} of a computer. When the computer writes a byte to the UART's transmit data register (TDR), the UART will start to transmit it on the serial line. The UART's status register contains a {flag} bit which the computer can read to see if the UART is ready to transmit another byte. Another status register bit says whether the UART has received a byte from the {serial line}, in which case the computer should read it from the receive data register (RDR). If another byte is received before the previous one is read, the UART will signal an "overrun" error via another status bit. The UART may be set up to {interrupt} the computer when data is received or when ready to transmit more data. The UART's serial connections usually go via separate {line driver} and {line receiver} {integrated circuits} which provide the power and voltages required to drive the serial line and give some protection against noise on the line. Data on the {serial line} is formatted by the {UART} according to the setting of the UART's control register. This may also determine the transmit and receive baud rates if the UART contains its own clock circuits or "{baud} rate generators". If incorrectly formated data is received the UART may signal a "{framing error}" or "{parity} error". Often the clock will run at 16 times the baud rate (bits per second) to allow the receiver to do {centre sampling} - i.e. to read each bit in the middle of its allotted time period. This makes the UART more tolerant to variations in the {clock rate} ("jitter") of the incoming data. An example of a late 1980s UART was the {Intel 8450}. In the 1990s, newer UARTs were developed with on-chip {buffers}. This allowed higher transmission speed without data loss and without requiring such frequent attention from the computer. For example, the {Intel} {16550} has a 16 byte {FIFO}. Variants include the {16C550}, {16C650}, {16C750}, and {16C850}. The term "Serial Communications Interface" (SCI) was first used at {Motorola} around 1975 to refer to their start-stop asyncronous serial interface device, which others were calling a UART. See also {bit bang}. [Is this the same as an {ACIA}?] (2003-07-13)
Universal Serial Bus "hardware, standard" (USB) An external {peripheral} interface {standard} for communication between a computer and external {peripherals} over an inexpensive cable using {biserial} transmission. USB is intended to replace existing {serial ports}, {parallel ports}, {keyboard}, and {monitor} connectors and be used with {keyboards}, {mice}, {monitors}, {printers}, and possibly some low-speed {scanners} and removable {hard drives}. For faster devices existing {IDE}, {SCSI}, or emerging {FC-AL} or {FireWire} interfaces can be used. USB works at 12 Mbps with specific consideration for low cost peripherals. It supports up to 127 devices and both {isochronous} and {asynchronous} data transfers. Cables can be up to five metres long and it includes built-in power distribution for low power devices. It supports {daisy chaining} through a tiered star multidrop topology. A USB cable has a rectangular "Type A" plug at the computer end and a square "Type B" plug at the peripheral end. Before March 1996 Intel started to integrate the necessary logic into {PC} {chip sets} and encourage other manufacturers to do likewise. It was widely available by 1997. Later versions of {Windows 95} included support for it. It was standard on {Macintosh} computers in 1999. The USB 2.0 specification was released in 2000 to allow USB to compete with {Firewire} etc. USB 2.0 is backward compatible with USB 1.1 but works at 480 Mbps. {usb.org (http://usb.org/)}. (2004-01-31)
vannevar "jargon" /van'*-var/ A bogus technological prediction or a foredoomed engineering concept, especially one that fails by implicitly assuming that technologies develop linearly, incrementally, and in isolation from one another when in fact the learning curve tends to be highly nonlinear, revolutions are common, and competition is the rule. The prototype was Vannevar Bush's prediction of "electronic brains" the size of the Empire State Building with a Niagara-Falls-equivalent cooling system for their tubes and relays, a prediction made at a time when the semiconductor effect had already been demonstrated. Other famous vannevars have included {magnetic-bubble memory}, {LISP machines}, {videotex}, and a paper from the late 1970s that computed a purported ultimate limit on areal density for {integrated circuits} that was in fact less than the routine densities of 5 years later. [{Jargon File}] (2000-02-29)
Very Large Scale Integration "hardware" (VLSI) A term describing semiconductor {integrated circuits} composed of hundreds of thousands of {logic elements} or memory cells. (1995-01-11)
VHDL Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language. A large high-level {VLSI} design language with Ada-like syntax. The DoD standard for hardware description, now standardised as IEEE 1076. ["VHSIC Hardware Description Language", M.R. Shahdad et al, IEEE Computer 18(2):94-103 (Feb 1985)].
video compression {Compression} of sequences of images. Video compression {algorithms} use the fact that there are usually only small changes from one "frame" to the next so they only need to encode the starting frame and a sequence of differences between frames. This is known as "inter-frame coding" or "3D coding". {MPEG} is a committee producing {standards} in this area and also the name of their standard {algorithm}. {H.261} is another standard. See also {Integrated Information Technology}, {3DO}, {full-motion video}, {Online Media}.
video random-access memory "hardware" (VRAM) Fast memory designed for storing the image to be displayed on a computer's {monitor}. VRAM may be built from special memory {integrated circuits} designed to be accessed sequentially. VRAM must be fast enough to supply data to the display electronics at the speed at which the screen is scanned. Thus for example, for a {resolution} of 1280x1024 eight-bit {pixels} at a {refresh rate} of 70 Hz, the {video memory} would need to supply 1280x1024x70 = 90 Mbyte/s or one byte every 11 ns. The VRAM may be {dual ported} in order to allow the display electronics and the {CPU} to access it at the same time. In an {IBM PC} the VRAM is located on the display interface card and 0.5 - 2 MB is typical. {A VRAM Song (http://fweep.com/vram.html)}! (2001-02-14)
vision-logic ::: The cognitive stage necessary to support integral consciousness. Typically subdivided into early, middle, and late vision-logic. Early vision-logic differentiates reality into relativistic systems, while middle and late vision-logic add up and integrate those perspectives into systems of systems. Vision-logic is often referred to as the first “postformal” stage of cognitive development since it is immediately beyond or “after” formal operational cognition. However, it is not yet “transrational,” but rather the limit of rational thought. Vision-logic is, in a sense, the bridge between the mental and the transmental.
Visual Display Unit "hardware" (VDU, or "video terminal", "video display terminal", VDT, "display terminal") A device incorporating a {cathode ray tube} (CRT) display, a keyboard and a {serial port}. A VDU usually also includes its own display electronics which store the received data and convert it into electrical waveforms to drive the CRT. VDUs fall into two categories: {dumb terminals} and {intelligent terminals} (sometimes called "programmable terminals"). Early VDUs could only display characters in a single preset {font}, and these were confined to being layed out in a rectangular grid, reproducing the functionality of the paper-based {teletypes} they were designed to replace. Later models added graphics facilities but were still driven via serial communications, typically with several VDUs attached to a single multi-user computer. This contrasts with the much faster single {bitmap displays} integrated into most modern single-user {personal computers} and {workstations}. The term "Display Screen Equipment" (DSE) is used almost exclusively in connection with the health and safety issues concerning VDUs. {Working with VDUs - UK Heath and Safety Executive (http://hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg36.pdf)}. (2002-11-09)
Watcom C/C++ "language, product" A compiler and development tools for multi-{platform}, 16 and 32-bit applications. Watcom C/C++ 10.0 has an integrated development environment (IDE) and development tools. It includes the {SOMobjects Toolkit} to enable access to {IBM}'s {System Object Model} (SOM) and {Distributed System Object Model} (DSOM). It supports 16 bit {MS DOS}, {Microsoft Windows} 3.x, {OS/2} 1.x, and 32 bit platforms including extended DOS, OS/2 2.x, {Windows NT}, {Win32s}, 32-bit Windows 3.x, {Novell NLM} and {AutoCAD} {ADS}/{ADI}. (1995-04-18)
Watcom International "company" A provider of application development tools and {IBM PC}-based {SQL} {database} {servers}. Founded in 1974, Watcom initially focused on scientific and engineering markets establishing itself as a supplier of programming and information tools worldwide, serving customers in 60 countries with highly regarded products such as {WATFOR}-77 for {mainframes}, {minicomputers} and {PCs}. Since the introduction of {Watcom C} in 1988, the company has emerged as an industry leader in optimising compilers for 16 and 32-bit {Intel-based} {IBM PCs}. Moving into the {client/server} market in 1992, Watcom introduced {Watcom SQL}, including {SQL} {database} {servers} for multi-user networks and single-user {stand-alone} applications. The product has since been incorporated into {Powersoft}'s {PowerBuilder} development environment and the {Powersoft Enterprise Series}. In June, 1993, Watcom launched {VX*REXX}, an integrated visual development environment for {OS/2}. In February 1994, Watcom became a wholly-owned subsidiary of {Powersoft Corporation} which merged with {Sybase Inc.} on 13 February 1995. Today the company addresses a broad range of application developers, including corporate {MIS} professionals, system integrators, {VARs} and independent software vendors. Watcom has strategic relationships with {IBM}, {Lotus}, {Microsoft}, {Intel} and {Novell}. Based on its academic roots, Watcom maintains a research relationship with the nearby {University of Waterloo}. Watcom's products include the {Watcom SQL} {databases}, {Watcom C/C++}, and {Watcom VX*REXX} 2.1. Ian McPhee is President and Chief Executive Officer, David Boswell is Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Craig Dynes is Vice President of Finance and David Yach is Vice President of Development. Headquarters: Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. (1995-04-18)
wavelength division multiplexing "communications" (WDM) {Multiplexing} several {Optical Carrier n} signals on a single {optical fibre} by using different wavelengths (colours) of {laser} light to carry different signals. The device that joins the signals together is known as a {multiplexor}, and the one that splits them apart is a {demultiplexor}. With the right type of fibre you can have a device that does both and that ought to be called a "mudem" but isn't. The first WDM systems combined two signals and appeared around 1985. Modern systems can handle up to 128 signals and can expand a basic 9.6 {Gbps} fibre system to a capacity of over 1000 Gbps. WDM systems are popular with telecommunications companies because they allow them to expand the capacity of their fibre networks without digging up the road again. All they have to do is to upgrade the (de)multiplexors at each end. However these systems are expensive and complicated to run. There is currently no {standard}, which makes it awkward to integrate with older but more standard {SONET} systems. Note that this term applies to an optical {carrier} (which is typically described by its wavelength), whereas {frequency division multiplexing} typically applies to a {radio} carrier (which is more often described by frequency). However, since wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional, and since radio and light are both forms of electromagnetic radiation, the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. See also {time division multiplexing}, {code division multiplexing}. [Is "wave division multiplexing", as in "dense wave division multiplexing" (DWDM) just a trendy abbreviation?] (2002-07-16)
Western Digital Corporation "company" A company founded in 1970 as a specialised semiconductor manufacturer, which today manufactures and sells {microcomputer} products including small form factor {hard disk drives} for {personal computers}, {integrated circuits} and circuit boards for graphics, storage, communications, {battery management}, and logic functions. {(http://wdc.com/)}. (1995-04-12)
"When the Peace is established, this higher or Divine Force from above can descend and work in us. It descends usually first into the head and liberates the inner mind centres, then into the heart centre and liberates fully the psychic and emotional being, then into the navel and other vital centres and liberates the inner vital, then into the Muladhara and below and liberates the inner physical being. It works at the same time for perfection as well as liberation; it takes up the whole nature part by part and deals with it, rejecting what has to be rejected, sublimating what has to be sublimated, creating what has to be created. It integrates, harmonises, establishes a new rhythm in the nature. It can bring down too a higher and yet higher force and range of the higher nature until, if that be the aim of the sadhana, it becomes possible to bring down the supramental force and existence. All this is prepared, assisted, farthered by the work of the psychic being in the heart centre; the more it is open, in front, active, the quicker, safer, easier the working of the Force can be. The more love and bhakti and surrender grow in the heart, the more rapid and perfect becomes the evolution of the sadhana. For the descent and transformation imply at the same time an increasing contact and union with the Divine.” Letters on Yoga
“When the Peace is established, this higher or Divine Force from above can descend and work in us. It descends usually first into the head and liberates the inner mind centres, then into the heart centre and liberates fully the psychic and emotional being, then into the navel and other vital centres and liberates the inner vital, then into the Muladhara and below and liberates the inner physical being. It works at the same time for perfection as well as liberation; it takes up the whole nature part by part and deals with it, rejecting what has to be rejected, sublimating what has to be sublimated, creating what has to be created. It integrates, harmonises, establishes a new rhythm in the nature. It can bring down too a higher and yet higher force and range of the higher nature until, if that be the aim of the sadhana, it becomes possible to bring down the supramental force and existence. All this is prepared, assisted, farthered by the work of the psychic being in the heart centre; the more it is open, in front, active, the quicker, safer, easier the working of the Force can be. The more love and bhakti and surrender grow in the heart, the more rapid and perfect becomes the evolution of the sadhana. For the descent and transformation imply at the same time an increasing contact and union with the Divine.” Letters on Yoga
Windows 2000 "operating system" (Win2k, W2k, NT5, Windows NT 5.0) An {operating system} developed by {Microsoft Corporation} for {PCs} and {servers}, as the successor to {Windows NT 4}.0. Early {beta} versions were referred to as "Windows NT 5.0". Windows 2000 was officially released on 2000-02-17. Windows 2000 is most commonly used on {Intel} {x86} and {Pentium} processors, with a {DEC Alpha} version rumoured. Unlike Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 is not available for {PowerPC} or {MIPS}. Windows 2000's {user interface} is very similar to {Windows 95} or Windows NT 4.0 with integrated {Internet Explorer}, or to {Windows 98}. It is available in four flavours: - Professional: the {client} version, meant for desktop {workstations}, successor to Windows NT Workstation. - Server: "entry-level" server, designed for small deployments, and departmental file, print, or {intranet} servers. - Advanced Server: high throughput, larger scale servers and applications, and small to medium scale {websites}. - Data Center Server: software for large-scale server {clusters} (in development as of 2000-03-14). New features in Windows 2000 include: - {Active Directory}. - Greatly improved built-in security mechanisms, including {Kerberos}-based {authentication}, {public key} support, an {encrypting} {file system}, and {IPsec} support. - Integrated {web browser} - {Internet Explorer} 5.0. - Integrated {web server} - {IIS} 5.0 - Terminal services for displaying application interfaces on remote computers (similar to {X-Windows}). - File protection that prevents user programs from accidentally deleting or overwriting critical system files. - Improved hardware support, including {Plug-and-Play}, {DVD}, {IEEE-1394} (FireWire), {USB}, {infra-red}, {PCMCIA}, {ACPI}, {laptop computers}. - Improved user interface, including a single point to control the entire system. - Improved management tools, including remote administration. Minimum system requirements, according to Microsoft, are {Pentium}-133 {MHz} {CPU}, 64 {MB} {RAM}, 650 {MB} of {hard disk} space. These are for W2K Professional, others require more. Many {operating systems} compete with Windows 2000, including the {Apple} {MacOS}, {Linux}, {FreeBSD}, {OpenBSD}, {NetBSD}, {Sun} {Solaris}, {IBM} {AIX}, {Hewlett-Packard} {HP-UX}, {SGI} {Irix}. Novell's NDS also provides a service similar to Active Directory. Windows 2000 will be followed by {Windows XP} Professional and {Windows 2002}. {(http://microsoft.com/windows2000/)}. (2002-01-28)
Yale Haskell "language" A fully integrated {Haskell} programming environment. It provides tightly coupled interactive editing, {incremental compilation} and dynamic execution of Haskell programs. Two major modes of compilation, correspond to {Lisp}'s traditional "interpreted" and "compiled" modes. Compiled and interpreted modules may be freely mixed in any combination. Yale Haskell is run using either a command-line interface or as an {inferior process} running under the {Emacs} editor. Using the Emacs interface, simple two-keystroke commands evaluate expressions, run dialogues, compile {modules}, turn specific compiler diagnostics on and off and enable and disable various {optimisers}. Commands may be queued up arbitrarily, thus allowing, for example, a compilation to be running in the background as the editing of a source file continues in Emacs in the foreground. A "scratch pad" may be automatically created for any module. Such a pad is a logical extension of the module, in which additional function and value definitions may be added, but whose evaluation does not result in recompilation of the module. A tutorial on Haskell is also provided in the Emacs environment. A {Macintosh} version of Yale Haskell includes its own integrated programming environment, complete with an Emacs-like editor and {pull-down menus}. Yale Haskell is a complete implementation of the Haskell language, but also contains a number of extensions, including: (1) Instead of stream based I/O, a {monadic I/O} system is used. Although similar to what will be part of the new {Haskell 1.3} report, the I/O system will change yet again when 1.3 becomes official. (2) Haskell programs can call both {Lisp} and {C} functions using a flexible foreign function interface. (3) Yale Haskell includes a {dynamic typing} system. Dynamic typing has been used to implement {derived instances} in a user extensible manner. (4) A number of small Haskell 1.3 changes have been added, including {polymorphic recursion} and the use of @_@ in an expression to denote {bottom}. Although the 1.3 report is not yet complete, these changes will almost certainly be part of the new report. (5) A complete Haskell level {X Window System} interface, based on {CLX}. (6) A number of {annotations} are available for controlling the optimiser, including those for specifying both function and data constructor {strict}ness properties, "{inlining}" functions, and specialising {over-loaded} functions. Many standard {prelude} functions have been specialised for better performance using these annotations. (7) {Separate compilation} (including {mutually recursive} {modules}) is supported using a notion of a UNIT file, which is a kind of localised {makefile} that tells the compiler about compiler options and logical dependencies amongst program files. (8) Yale Haskell supports both standard and "{literate}" Haskell syntax. Performance of Yale Haskell's compiled code has been improved considerably over previous releases. Although still not as good as the Glasgow ({GHC}) and Chalmers ({HBC}) compilers, the flexibility afforded by the features described earlier makes Yale Haskell a good choice for large systems development. For some idea of performance, Hartel's latest "Nuc" benchmark runs at about the same speed under both Yale Haskell and hbc. (Our experiments suggest, however, that Yale Haskell's compiled code is on average about 3 times slower than hbc.) Binaries are provided for {Sun}/{SPARC} and {Macintosh}, but it is possible to build the system on virtually any system that runs one of a number of {Common Lisp} implementations: {CMU Common Lisp}, {Lucid Common Lisp}, {Allegro Common Lisp} or {Harlequin LispWorks}. {akcl}, {gcl} and {CLisp} do not have adaquate performance for our compiler. The current version is 2.1. {Yale (ftp://nebula.cs.yale.edu/pub/haskell/yale)}. (128.36.13.1). {UK (ftp://ftp.dcs.glasgow.ac.uk/pub/haskell/yale/)}. {Sweden (ftp://ftp.cs.chalmers.se/pub/haskell/yale/)}. E-mail: "haskell-request@cs.yale.edu", "haskell-request@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk". (1993-07-14)
Yellow Box "operating system" {Apple Computer, Inc.}'s new development {platform} for building {desktop}, {server}, and {web} applications. Yellow Box is a rich {object-oriented} environment that is tightly integrated with {Java} and allows you to deploy applications across five platforms: {Rhapsody}, {Rhapsody for Intel}, {Windows 95}, {Windows NT}, and {Mac OS}. All Yellow Box-based products are an evolution of {OpenStep} - an operating system-independent, object-oriented application platform from {NeXT}. Integrating the cross-platform robustness of OpenStep with Apple's market-leading digital media and graphics technologies will differentiate the Yellow Box from other development platforms. "Yellow Box for Windows" is the {run-time} software (implemented as {dynamically linked libraries}) that allows {Yellow Box} applications to run under {Windows 95} and {Windows NT}. Applications that use it will feature a full native Windows user interface. {(http://wais.sensei.com.au/macarc/appdir/1996/0077.html)}. (1997-10-15)
Zero Insertion Force "hardware" (ZIF) A kind of socket for {integrated circuits}. A ZIF socket can be opened and closed by means of a lever or screw. When open, there the chip may be placed in the socket without any pressure at all, the socket is then closed, causing its contacts to grip the pins of the chip. Such sockets are used where chips must be inserted and removed frequently, such as in test equipment. They are more expensive and usually take up more space than conventional IC sockets. (1994-12-05)
KEYS (10k)
1 Robert Anton Wilson
1 Ramesh Balsekar
1 Essential Integral
1 Daily Evolver
NEW FULL DB (2.4M)
11 Anonymous
8 Malcolm X
5 Walter Isaacson
4 J K Rowling
4 Christof Koch
4 Bren Brown
4 Bessel A van der Kolk
3 William J Clinton
3 Rebecca Traister
3 Michael Brown
3 Martin Luther King Jr
3 Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
3 Frederick Lenz
3 Barack Obama
2 Warren G Bennis
2 Theodor Adorno
2 Tarryn Fisher
2 Rick Atkinson
2 Ralph Waldo Emerson
2 Pope Francis
1:We are neither different nor separate from Consciousness and for that very reason, we cannot 'apprehend' it. Nor can we 'integrate' with it, because we have never been other than it. Consciousness can never be understood in relative terms. ~ Ramesh Balsekar, #KEYS
2:Intelligence is the capacity to receive, decode and transmit information efficiently. Stupidity is blockage of this process at any point. Bigotry, ideologies etc. block the ability to receive; robotic reality-tunnels block the ability to decode or integrate new signals; censorship blocks transmission.
~ Robert Anton Wilson,#KEYS
3:Integral theory is a school of philosophy that seeks to integrate all of human wisdom into a new, emergent worldview that is able to accommodate the gifts of all previous worldviews, including those which have been historically at odds: science and religion, Eastern and Western schools of thought, and pre-modern, modern and post-modern worldviews. ~ Daily Evolver, #KEYS
4:meta-systemic operations ::: As the 1950's and 60s begin to roll around the last stage of first tier emerged as a cultural force. With the Green Altitude we see the emergence of Pluralistic, Multicultural, Post-Modern world-views.
Cognition is starting to move beyond formal-operations into the realm of co-ordinating systems of abstractions, in what is called Meta-systemic Cognition. While formal-operations acted upon the classes and relations between members of classes. Meta-systemic operations start at the level of relating systems to systems. The focus of these investigations is placed upon comparing, contrasting, transforming and synthesizing entire systems, rather than components of one system. This emergent faculty allows self-sense to focus around a heightened sense of individuality and an increased ability for emotional resonance. The recognition of individual differences, the ability to tolerate paradox and contradiction, and greater conceptual complexity all provide for an understanding of conflict as being both internally and externally caused. Context plays a major role in the creation of truth and individual perspective. With each being context dependent and open to subjective interpretation, meaning each perspective and truth are rendered relative and are not able to be judged as better or more true than any other. This fuels a value set that centers on softness over cold rationality. Sensitivity and preference over objectivity.
Along with a focus on community harmony and equality which drives the valuing of sensitivity to others, reconcilation, consensus, dialogue, relationship, human development, bonding, and a seeking of a peace with the inner-self. Moral decisions are based on rights, values, or principles that are agreeable to all individuals composing a society based on fair and beneficial practices. All of this leads to the Equality movements and multiculturalism. And to the extreme form of relativitism which we saw earlier as context dependant nature of all truth including objective facts.
Faith at the green altitude is called Conjunctive, and allows the self to integrate what was unrecognized by the previous stages self-certainty and cognitive and affective adaptation to reality. New features at this level of faith include the unification of symbolic power with conceptual meaning, an awareness of ones social unconscious, a reworking of ones past, and an opening to ones deeper self. ~ Essential Integral, 4.1-52, Meta-systemic Operations,#KEYS
1:The power of music to integrate and cure. . . is quite fundamental. It is the profoundest nonchemical medication. ~ oliver-sacks, @wisdomtrove 2:How do I integrate spirituality into my everyday life? Throw out the concept of "spiritual life" and "everyday life." There is only life, undivided and whole. ~ adyashanti, @wisdomtrove 3:Liberation also means that even though I'm a woman I have masculine parts of my temperament which I can safely explore and integrate into my experience. ~ marianne-williamson, @wisdomtrove 4:Religion operates not only on the vertical plane but also on the horizontal. It seeks not only to integrate men with God but to integrate men with men and each man with himself. ~ martin-luther-king, @wisdomtrove 5:Integrate these principles and habits deep within your nature; into your basic character: integrity, humility, fidelity, temperance, courage, justice, patience, simplicity, modesty. ~ stephen-r-covey, @wisdomtrove 6:We must intend to live [the new spiritual awareness], to integrate each increased degree of awareness into our daily routine. It only takes one negative interpretation to stop everything. ~ james-redfield, @wisdomtrove 7:It is not that the university as such is against spiritual formation. It is just that often the university does not know how to integrate spiritual formation within its academic disciplines. ~ henri-nouwen, @wisdomtrove 8:A growing community must integrate three elements: a life of silent prayer, a life of service and above all of listening to the poor, and a community life through which all its members can grow in their own gift. ~ jean-vanier, @wisdomtrove 9:I have an increasing sense that the most important crisis of our time is spiritual and that we need places where people can grow stronger in the spirit and be able to integrate the emotional struggles in their spiritual journeys. ~ henri-nouwen, @wisdomtrove 10:Togetherness, for me, means teamwork. It makes us reflect how completely dependent we are upon one another in our social and commercial life. The more diversified our labors and interests have become in the modern world, the more surely need to integrate our efforts to justify our individual selves and our civilization. ~ walt-disney, @wisdomtrove 11:There are no insignificant relationships. Every experience that we have contains purpose and meaning. Each event, each person in our lives embodies an energetic fragment of our own psyche and soul. Our individual spiritual task is to recognize and integrate all of them into our awareness so that the greater pattern of our mission can shine forth in its full dimensions. ~ caroline-myss, @wisdomtrove 12:There are no insignificant relationships. Every experience that we have contains purpose and meaning. Each event, each person in our lives embodies an energetic fragment of our own psyche and soul. Our individual spiritual task is to recognize and integrate all of them into our awareness so that the greater pattern of our mission can shine forth in its full dimensions. ~ norman-vincent-peale, @wisdomtrove 13:In order to find out how to reveal our innermost Being, the sages explored the various sheaths of existence, starting from body and progressing through mind and intelligence, and ultimately to the soul. The yogic journey guides us from our periphery, the body, to the center ofour being, the soul. The aim is to integrate the variouslayers so that the inner divinity shines out as through clear glass. ~ b-k-s-iyengar, @wisdomtrove 14:If the photographer is to have a chance of achieving a true reflection of a person’s world– which is as much outside him as inside him– it is necessary that the subject of the portrait should be in a situation normal to him. We must respect the atmosphere which surrounds the human being, and integrate into the portrait the individual’s habitat– for man, no less than animals, has his habitat. ~ henri-cartier-bresson, @wisdomtrove 15:Jung first gave us the term ‘shadow’ to refer to those parts of our personality that have been rejected out of fear, ignorance, shame, or lack of love. His basic notion of the shadow was simple: ‘the shadow is the person you would rather not be.’ He believed that integrating the shadow would have a profound impact, enabling us to rediscover a deeper source of our own spiritual life. ‘To do this,’ Jung said, ‘we are obliged to struggle with evil, confront the shadow, to integrate the devil. There is no other choice.’ ~ debbie-ford, @wisdomtrove *** NEWFULLDB 2.4M ***
1:You don't integrate with a sinking ship. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
2:Art is an attempt to integrate evil. ~ Simone de Beauvoir, #NFDB
3:We integrate the good wherever we find it. ~ Tariq Ramadan, #NFDB
4:plan, organize, integrate, motivate, and measure. ~ Peter F Drucker, #NFDB
5:Integrate the unseen of what you first are in the midst of all things seen. ~ John de Ruiter, #NFDB
6:Ideally, I like to integrate the human issues into the suspense story itself. ~ Jeffery Deaver, #NFDB
7:I don't know how they're going to integrate in places like Glasgow and Sheffield. ~ Prince Philip, #NFDB
8:We are also looking to Canada as we continue to integrate the North American energy market. ~ Paul Cellucci, #NFDB
9:My aim is to integrate business connections into vulnerable communities thus creating jobs. ~ David Batstone, #NFDB
10:So how, in an increasingly interconnected world, do we integrate and still keep our values? ~ Russell Shorto, #NFDB
11:Stupidity is a blockage in the ability to receive, integrate and transmit new signals. ~ Robert Anton Wilson, #NFDB
12:The one thing you never integrate at the ruin of your own pleasure is your institutions. ~ John Henrik Clarke, #NFDB
13:If you can integrate your life to have a kind of meditative practice that is considering others. ~ Anne Waldman, #NFDB
14:It is important to integrate immigrants into society and to welcome them in the church community ~ Pope Francis, #NFDB
15:Development should be a mass movement. We need to integrate the people and make it a mass movement. ~ Narendra Modi, #NFDB
16:simply exposing someone to the old trauma does not integrate the memory into the overall context ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
17:The integration of movement, breath, and voice helps to integrate and balance the body, mind, and emotions. ~ Roger Jahnke, #NFDB
18:The Supreme Court is having a hard time integrating schools. What chance do I have to integrate audiences? ~ Nat King Cole, #NFDB
19:Integrity is learning to feel hurt but not integrate its darkness into our soul or cast it onto another. ~ Brendon Burchard, #NFDB
20:He strove to integrate us,” said Eve, “but he, or we, failed. We are ineluctably children of the Beta Gods. ~ Neal Stephenson, #NFDB
21:The divine therapy helps us integrate our animal nature with the new possibilities of rational consciousness. ~ Thomas Keating, #NFDB
22:Real liberation for men means that they can explore and integrate their feminine aspects of consciousness. ~ Marianne Williamson, #NFDB
23:The power of music to integrate and cure. . . is quite fundamental. It is the profoundest nonchemical medication. ~ Oliver Sacks, #NFDB
24:A state in India will have more traders than perhaps a European nation. Trade is a great way to integrate people. ~ Narendra Modi, #NFDB
25:If integrate means “to make whole,” then its opposite is to fracture, disown, disjoin, detach, unravel, or separate. ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
26:Resilient people do not bounce back from hard experiences; they find healthy ways to integrate them into their lives. ~ Eric Greitens, #NFDB
27:Can I truly discover how to integrate myself in the Force if I do not know who I am without it?"
- Jacen Solo ~ Michael A Stackpole,#NFDB
28:There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all parts, that is, the poet. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson, #NFDB
29:Enterprise is hard work. You have to integrate the client with the optimized systems of all the servers and software. ~ Samuel J Palmisano, #NFDB
30:I can't say it strongly enough; to integrate meditation in action is the whole ground and point and purpose of meditation ~ Sogyal Rinpoche, #NFDB
31:There is a property in the horizon which no man has, but he whose eyes can integrate all the parts,--that is, the poet. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson, #NFDB
32:[U]nable to integrate their traumatic memories, they seem to lose their capacity to assimilate new experiences as well. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
33:We have no good blueprint for how to integrate the contemporary intimacies of female friendship and of marriage into one life. ~ Rebecca Traister, #NFDB
34:If we want to create a viable, peaceful world, we've got to integrate compassion into the gritty realities of 21st century life. ~ Karen Armstrong, #NFDB
35:We can never prove that we are free or integrate our freedom in any way into our objective conception of the causal order of nature. ~ Allen W Wood, #NFDB
36:He is a self-destructive loner who really has to find a way to integrate himself into the society and often doesn't find the way to do that. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
37:He went back to Baldwin, who posed the great paradox that would haunt him to the end: Who among us would integrate into a burning house? ~ Ta Nehisi Coates, #NFDB
38:Teachers need to integrate technology seamlessly into the curriculum instead of viewing it as an add-on, an afterthought, or an event. ~ Heidi Hayes Jacobs, #NFDB
39:Your self is yours to integrate. To integrate your self you need to be, in the midst of your experience, a little bit like your own being. ~ John de Ruiter, #NFDB
40:We had planned to integrate a Web browser with our operating system as far back as 1993( filing its first court responses to federal antitrust) ~ Bill Gates, #NFDB
41:We have very little control over what happens in our lives, but we have a lot of control over how we integrate and remember what happens. ~ Henri J M Nouwen, #NFDB
42:Meditation is a technique to integrate one's personality, to be able to live and enjoy full life of all glories - worldly and divine. ~ Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, #NFDB
43:Each wave of immigrants that have come in have been able to assimilate, integrate and then rise up and become part of this great American Dream. ~ Barack Obama, #NFDB
44:Integrate well. Move upwards in society. Be praised - until people worry that you're doing too well, and then they remember that you're foreign. ~ Nikesh Shukla, #NFDB
45:People adjust their behavior to fit the society they live in. They integrate because they have to. But what they are on the inside doesn't change. ~ Sandra Brown, #NFDB
46:Coming into Pacifica I knew that I wanted whatever I was going to learn there, I knew I wanted to integrate that into my art no matter what. ~ Kelly Carlin McCall, #NFDB
47:You Negroes are not willing to admit it yet, but integration will not work. Why, it is against the white man's nature to integrate you into his house. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
48:As far as I'm concerned, the 20th century was performance-driven, but for some reason, the critics and historians didn't know how to integrate that. ~ Roselee Goldberg, #NFDB
49:How do I integrate spirituality into my everyday life? Throw out the concept of "spiritual life" and "everyday life." There is only life, undivided and whole. ~ Adyashanti, #NFDB
50:What we understand and learn about rising strong is only rumor until we live it and integrate it through some form of creativity so that it becomes part of us. ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
51:Meditation is not impractical or unrealistic, nor is it difficult to integrate with any lifestyle or age, in that it's timeless, although it occurs in time. ~ Frederick Lenz, #NFDB
52:Possibly because I grew up not feeling very confident about my own physical appearance, I developed internal devices so that I could integrate into society. ~ Shirley Manson, #NFDB
53:Knowledge is only a rumor until it lives in the muscle.” What we understand and learn about rising strong is only rumor until we live it and integrate it through ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
54:Liberation also means that even though I'm a woman I have masculine parts of my temperament which I can safely explore and integrate into my experience. ~ Marianne Williamson, #NFDB
55:Each time we think about a memory, we integrate it more deeply into our web of other memories, and therefore make it more stable and less likely to be dislodged. ~ Joshua Foer, #NFDB
56:What happens to us becomes part of us. Resilient people do not bounce back from hard experiences; they find healthy ways to integrate them into their lives. In ~ Eric Greitens, #NFDB
57:I have tried to integrate the spirituality into the training in a way that meets my need not to destroy the beauty of it through abstract philosophizing. ~ Marshall B Rosenberg, #NFDB
58:I am sure the majority of Iranians want a peace agreement with Israel and want Iran to integrate with the international community and accept its universal values. ~ Moshe Katsav, #NFDB
59:The body is like an elaborate metaphor. One may be able to taste and not swallow, like the anorexic, or to swallow and not integrate, like the bulimic or obese. ~ Marion Woodman, #NFDB
60:gather all the points of view, the data, integrate them if possible and present the president with some options, get a decision and develop an implementation plan. ~ Bob Woodward, #NFDB
61:Traditional communication design and the digital revolution will certainly blend and integrate, as clients’ communications needs rarely involve just one medium. ~ Katherine McCoy, #NFDB
62:Don't integrate anything into your wardrobe that's going to make you feel hugely uncomfortable when you leave home. Get the comfort thing down first - baby steps. ~ Leandra Medine, #NFDB
63:Knowledge exists in minds, not in books. Before what has been found can be used by practitioners, someone must organize it, integrate it, extract the message. ~ Kenneth E Boulding, #NFDB
64:Good collaboration essentially boils down to personalities who work well together and are able to integrate each other's notes and ideas without killing each other. ~ Michael Scott, #NFDB
65:Integrate purpose into your for-profit business model through a long term commitment to a cause that is aligned with your core values and those of your community. ~ Simon Mainwaring, #NFDB
66:I can hear you and I can watch your mouth move, and then I put together the sounds and the visual image and I can understand the words as I integrate the two signals. ~ Marlee Matlin, #NFDB
67:Our goal is not to get out of the world or to get out of life, but to integrate it, to celebrate it, to embrace it fully, and to embrace all the different cycles within it. ~ Starhawk, #NFDB
68:I tend to integrate poet and scholar is by ironizing the scholarship. My hope is to disturb that space between the two so they can coexist in a kind of mutual uncertainty. ~ Gregory Pardlo, #NFDB
69:You have people walking around with all the knowledge of humanity on their phone, but they have no idea how to integrate it. We don’t train people in thinking or reasoning. ~ David Epstein, #NFDB
70:Since I have started to integrate mindfulness and yoga into my practice, I use these medications less often, except occasionally to help patients sleep more restfully. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
71:The Negro neighborhood, which is inferior, is begging for a chance to - integrate itself into that which is - is superior, which is not going to happen. It's going to cause trouble. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
72:In order to reclaim our full selves, to integrate each of these aspects through which we pass over the course of our lives, we must first learn to embrace them though our cycles. ~ Lucy H Pearce, #NFDB
73:The Internet is ultimately about innovation and integration, but you don't get the innovation unless you integrate Web technology into the processes by which you run your business. ~ Lou Gerstner, #NFDB
74:There is a pressing need to integrate the study of international economics with the study of international politics to deepen our comprehension of the forces at work in the world. ~ Robert Gilpin, #NFDB
75:common sequence is to start out with a relatively self-oriented interest, then learn self-disciplined practice, and, finally, integrate that work with an other-centered purpose. ~ Angela Duckworth, #NFDB
76:As creatives our job is to uncover what lies in the shadows, and give it new identity, new life. As healers our job is to identify what lurks in the shadows and heal or integrate it. ~ Lucy H Pearce, #NFDB
77:How can traumatized people learn to integrate ordinary sensory experiences so that they can live with the natural flow of feeling and feel secure and complete in their bodies? ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
78:Lycanthropy doesn’t make for an easy life. In this next piece of writing on werewolves, we learn why it’s been so difficult for Remus and his kind to integrate into the rest of society. ~ J K Rowling, #NFDB
79:Religion operates not only on the vertical plane but also on the horizontal. It seeks not only to integrate men with God but to integrate men with men and each man with himself. ~ Martin Luther King Jr, #NFDB
80:I'm not any different from you or the guy down the street or across the globe, we're all connected in some way and hopefully my music can integrate that feeling of human connectedness. ~ John McLaughlin, #NFDB
81:Perhaps human intelligence gathering was a version of network penetration, and he could better integrate into social situations by inviting humans to see an illusory version of himself. ~ Annalee Newitz, #NFDB
82:Communities need to feel that they can accommodate people. Rather than feeling that it's not possible to integrate and that the stress and strain on housing and public services is too great. ~ Theresa May, #NFDB
83:We must intend to live [the new spiritual awareness], to integrate each increased degree of awareness into our daily routine. It only takes one negative interpretation to stop everything. ~ James Redfield, #NFDB
84:Despite their good intentions, today's businesses are missing an opportunity to integrate social responsibility and day-to-day business objectives - to do good and make money simultaneously. ~ Cindy Gallop, #NFDB
85:It is not that the university as such is against spiritual formation. It is just that often the university does not know how to integrate spiritual formation within its academic disciplines. ~ Henri Nouwen, #NFDB
86:When you swim, be a part of the sea; when you walk, be a part of the road! Integrate with the universe! See it not as a distinct entity, but as your own continuation, as your own self! ~ Mehmet Murat ildan, #NFDB
87:Integrate well. Move upwards in society. Be praised – until people worry that you’re doing too well, and then they remember that you’re foreign." (from "The Good Immigrant" by Nikesh Shukla) ~ Nikesh Shukla, #NFDB
88:We're now going to develop the standards on transparency, data collection for police, but the whole goal is to fully integrate the police into the community because everybody has the same goals. ~ John Kasich, #NFDB
89:It seems as though the goal of my work has always been to dissolve myself completely into the sensations of the surroundings in order to then integrate this into a coherent painterly form. ~ Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, #NFDB
90:Immigration is an organized replacement of our population. This threatens our very survival. We don't have the means to integrate those who are already here. The result is endless cultural conflict. ~ Marine Le Pen, #NFDB
91:Love can be simply stated to be the desire of the human being to integrate oneself with other selves in such a way that one starts feeling the pain and pleasure of another person as if of one’s own. ~ Awdhesh Singh, #NFDB
92:One of the challenges, especially since, like, something like 40 percent of the Latino population is foreign born, is - and one of the new issues is how do we integrate all these immigrants, right? ~ Maria Echaveste, #NFDB
93:The ego exists as a powerful force in Western man that cannot be dismissed or denied. The therapeutic goal is to integrate the ego with the body and its striving for pleasure and sexual fulfilment. ~ Alexander Lowen, #NFDB
94:Ukraine will be reforming its energy sector because we want to integrate into Europe, ... We have conducted all the talks and reached an agreement with Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Poland and Georgia. ~ Viktor Yushchenko, #NFDB
95:If a man has to make a woman the center of his love, why should he integrate animality into this sacred human emotion?...Is love incompelete without it?...Is love the name of physical excersize ? ~ Saadat Hasan Manto, #NFDB
96:The issue of the Betrayal was so central to that, I felt the need to comment upon it. My choices were to ignore the games and put them 'outside' of continuity or to integrate them. I chose the latter. ~ Raymond E Feist, #NFDB
97:IBM customers of any size can now rest assured that Double-Take, the most innovative, flexible and reliable data protection solution on the market, is proven to integrate easily into their IBM infrastructure. ~ Dan Jones, #NFDB
98:Unicef's education initiative does not seek to impose, but to initiate and integrate. It does, however, aim to address the huge bias towards education for boys at the expense of girls in so many cultures. ~ Ralph Fiennes, #NFDB
99:Presence has the miraculous capacity to manifest in our daily experience the exact circumstances required to integrate the dysfunction that currently prevents us from experiencing present moment awareness. ~ Michael Brown, #NFDB
100:A growing community must integrate three elements: a life of silent prayer, a life of service and above all of listening to the poor, and a community life through which all its members can grow in their own gift. ~ Jean Vanier, #NFDB
101:If you want to be a good writer, internalize the good writers; absorb them; integrate with their souls; embrace their minds; mingle with their life stories; in short, merge with them, lose yourself in them! ~ Mehmet Murat ildan, #NFDB
102:In order for us to deliver this we have to integrate the big-screen capability, the PC capability, and the Internet experience. This is a combination of hardware and software that delivers a new media experience. ~ Paul Otellini, #NFDB
103:Sexual healing involves a great deal of unlearning. Along the way, we learn a new way to think, feel, and behave sexually. We need to create goals that respect the time it might take us to integrate smaller changes. ~ Wendy Maltz, #NFDB
104:Balance suggests a perfect equilibrium. There is no such thing. That is a false expectation.... There are going to be priorities and dimensions of your life, how you integrate them is how you find true happiness. ~ Denise Morrison, #NFDB
105:If Iran does not change its policies, it won't be able to integrate into the international community and will become even more isolated than it is now, which likely will have a negative impact on the Iranian people. ~ Moshe Katsav, #NFDB
106:I cannot understand how the education of this United States of America has been fooled time and time again. Either make it separate but equal or integrate, therefore it will be equal. And it has been separate and unequal. ~ Bill Cosby, #NFDB
107:I think in some cases busing did improve the situation in some areas; in some cases it didn't. We had busing in St. Louis, and it has been ended and we are using other methods of trying to better integrate the schools. ~ Dick Gephardt, #NFDB
108:Sports are positively essential. It is healthy to engage in sports, they are beautiful and liberal, liberal in the sense that nothing serves quite as well to integrate social classes, etc., than street or public games. ~ Anton Chekhov, #NFDB
109:If you are mathematically inclined, you might say that the application state is what you get when you integrate an event stream over time, and a change stream is what you get when you differentiate the state by time, ~ Martin Kleppmann, #NFDB
110:Technological advances happen so quickly, and integrate themselves so seamlessly into the fabric of our existence, that we hardly note their arrival anymore, let alone the ways in which they come to dominate and define us. ~ Ron Currie Jr, #NFDB
111:You don't have a revolution in which you love your enemy. And you don't have a revolution in which you are begging the system of exploitation to integrate you into it. Revolutions overturn systems. Revolutions destroy systems. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
112:You don't have a revolution in which you love your enemy, and you don't have a revolution in which you are begging the system of exploitation to integrate you into it. Revolutions overturn systems. Revolutions destroy systems. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
113:Big efforts should be made to integrate Israel's Arab citizens into the fabric of the Israeli society and the Israeli economy. That's really the key to any further progress to do with the Palestinians beyond Israel's borders. ~ Moshe Arens, #NFDB
114:The Character Ethic taught that there are basic principles of effective living, and that people can only experience true success and enduring happiness as they learn and integrate these principles into their basic character. ~ Stephen R Covey, #NFDB
115:The West has not lived through totalitarianism, with a single ideology for 70 years.We are escaping from the burden of the past, and onlyafter we have done that will we be ready to integrate with Europeand Europe needs Russia. ~ Boris Yeltsin, #NFDB
116:The only thing that had saved her then was knitting. In prison she had become a compulsive knitter. Knitting allowed her to unite, to connect, to integrate. With every stitch she held on to dear life. Threads hold us together. ~ Laura Esquivel, #NFDB
117:I have an increasing sense that the most important crisis of our time is spiritual and that we need places where people can grow stronger in the spirit and be able to integrate the emotional struggles in their spiritual journeys. ~ Henri Nouwen, #NFDB
118:The Negro wants to be everything but himself... He wants to integrate with the white man, but he cannot integrate with himself or with his own kind. The Negro wants to lose his identity because he does not know his own identity. ~ Elijah Muhammad, #NFDB
119:The '80s were a time of technical wonder in filmmaking; unfortunately, some colleges didn't integrate their film and theater departments - so you had actors who were afraid of the camera, and directors who couldn't talk to the actors. ~ Eric Stoltz, #NFDB
120:In a series of elegant studies Stickgold and his colleagues showed that the sleeping brain can even make sense out of information whose relevance is unclear while we are awake and integrate it into the larger memory system.13 ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
121:Jung felt that if we pay more respect to evil and integrate it into a revised picture of our identity, we might be able to reduce its hold over us. He wrote in his memoirs, "We have no imagination for evil, but evil has us in its grip." ~ David Tacey, #NFDB
122:Today, however, we have to realize that a true ecological approach always becomes a social approach; it must integrate questions of justice in debates on the environment, so as to hear both the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor. ~ Pope Francis, #NFDB
123:In the DevOps ideal, developers receive fast, constant feedback on their work, which enables them to quickly and independently implement, integrate, and validate their code, and have the code deployed into the production environment (either ~ Gene Kim, #NFDB
124:their interpretation of the data, to the tendency to "suspend our disbelief" in order to have a more immersive play experience. Kurt Squire found similar patterns when he sought to integrate the commercial game Civilization III
into ~ Henry Jenkins,#NFDB
125:We need efforts to integrate the nation, not divide it. The 2014 elections is about voting for India. It is to decide what kind of India we want to create. So Vote for India. Neither for a person, nor for a party, let us Vote for India. ~ Narendra Modi, #NFDB
126:How can we read Golding's Lord of the Flies or Conrad's Heart of Darkness and say we have no myths to express our evil? These, surely, are the myths of our time, myths that contain the necessary wisdom about how to integrate the dark side. ~ David Tacey, #NFDB
127:Natural places are no different than human cities. The old exists next to the new. Invasive species integrate with or push out native species. The landscape you see around you is the same as seeing an old cathedral next to a skyscraper. ~ Jeff VanderMeer, #NFDB
128:In my later novels, I systematically used the convention, and then a moment came - when did it come? With The Book of Illusions, maybe - I thought, I don't need them anymore, I don't need them, I want to integrate the dialogue into the text. ~ Paul Auster, #NFDB
129:Legalize hemp and allow women to grow it and make food, clothing and housing for pennies from it and legalize marijuana too. Let women integrate their divided consciousness with a natural herb instead of doctors' pills that kill the liver. ~ Roseanne Barr, #NFDB
130:Innovate, integrate, innovate, integrate, that's the way the industry works, ... Graphics was a stand-alone graphics card; then it's going to be a stand-alone graphics chip; and then part of that's going to get integrated into the main CPU. ~ Craig R Barrett, #NFDB
131:All human professions, institutions, and activities must be integral with the earth as the primary self-nourishing , self-governing and self-fulfilling community. To integrate our human activities within this context is our way into the future. ~ Thomas Berry, #NFDB
132:I started then to try and shape something rather than just express it and when I started to shape something and to imitate other poems that were written by other people, when I had tried to integrate my reading and my writing I was on my path. ~ Edward Hirsch, #NFDB
133:The way they used poetic language to integrate a terrible event and its image back into a framework of meaning, the way the transpersonality of prosody constituted a community: poets were the unacknowledged legislators of the world, it seemed to me. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
134:What happens to us becomes part of us. Resilient people do not bounce back from hard experiences; they find healthy ways to integrate them into their lives. In time, people find that great calamity met with great spirit can create great strength. ~ Eric Greitens, #NFDB
135:Claiming to be the front line of defense for the entire South and its “way of life,” the southern Democrats who ruled the state passed a package of laws that gave the legislature the right to close any public school that tried to integrate. ~ Margot Lee Shetterly, #NFDB
136:Are you standing behind the life like a man who is standing behind the window of his house? Open the window or break the window; use the door or break the door, break the walls, break anything between you and the life! Integrate with the life! ~ Mehmet Murat ildan, #NFDB
137:I love getting older. My understanding deepens. I can see what connects, I can weave stories of experience and apply them. I can integrate the lessons. Things simply become more and more fascinating. Beauty reveals itself in thousands of forms. ~ Victoria Erickson, #NFDB
138:We have all had teachers who sought to educate us by feeding alien ideas into our minds, ideas for which we felt no spiritual or intellectual kinship. These we dutifully tried to integrate into our total spiritual philosophy but always without success. ~ A W Tozer, #NFDB
139:The vital thing for me is to integrate the history from above with the history from below because only in that way can you show the true consequences of the decisions of Hitler or Stalin or whomever on the ordinary civilians caught up in the battle. ~ Antony Beevor, #NFDB
140:I assure Romanians that once I return... I will try and generate a sentiment of reconciliation in society. Divisions in society must be stopped, they must be annihilated, because Romania needs all its energy to... integrate into the civilized world. ~ Traian Basescu, #NFDB
141:If your child is going to develop a healthy personality with the capacity to remain intact and grow, she must learn how to test reality, regulate her impulses, stabilize her moods, integrate her feelings and actions, focus her concentration and plan. ~ Stanley Greenspan, #NFDB
142:Of all the simplifications to which the human spirit naturally inclines, unable to reconcile itself to the complexity of the real, there is none more dangerous than the attempt to integrate the whole of society in one vast, permanent action group. ~ Bertrand De Jouvenel, #NFDB
143:Moe Berg. Until he’s finished reading a paper, he considers it ‘alive’ and refuses to let anyone else touch it. When he’s done, it’s ‘dead’ and anybody can read it. Says he wants to integrate everything from various papers, get a picture—every day.” “Then ~ Gregory Benford, #NFDB
144:Professional accountants should use that influence to encourage the companies they serve to think long term and integrate sustainable development goals into their accounting, such as by including a natural capital account, which I have heard is gaining ground. ~ Kofi Annan, #NFDB
145:Life is like a ship. There's people dancing on a ship.There's a lot of money on the ship, but I cannot integrate on the ship or get equality on the ship.And I never could. I'm just in the galley working and I never could get up to see the captain of the ship. ~ Muhammad Ali, #NFDB
146:The point of telling our stories, even if only to ourselves, is to help us resurrect the parts we have buried. When we unearth them, even if it's difficult, we can integrate them into our sense of who we are. Often in our buried self our true power lies. ~ Helen LaKelly Hunt, #NFDB
147:Businesses can lead with their values and make money, too. You don't have to simply be purely profit-driven. You can integrate social and environmental concerns into a business, be a caring business, be a generous business and still do very well financially. ~ Jerry Greenfield, #NFDB
148:The attorney general would call at 5 o'clock in the evening and say: 'Tomorrow morning we are going to try to integrate the University of Mississippi. Get us a memo on what we're likely to do, and what we can do if the governor sends the National Guard there.' ~ Harold H Greene, #NFDB
149:Every dream either shows our effort to integrate some unconscious part of ourselves into consciousness or our resistance against the inner self, the ways we set up conflict with it rather than learn from it. This is the primary subject that our dreams are reporting. ~ RA Johnson, #NFDB
150:In the first twelve months, through data mining, language analysis, and recommendation algorithms, we proved the feasibility of the core building blocks. Then we set about in earnest to integrate those pieces in the Email Language Optimization Project, or ELOPe. ~ William Hertling, #NFDB
151:The Ocean Health Index is like the thermometer of the ocean. It will allow us to take the temperature to know what is going on at the global level, trying to integrate different impacts, including overfishing, invasive species, coastal development, and climate change. ~ Enric Sala, #NFDB
152:To encounter the depths and rich complexity of the cosmos, we require ways of knowing that fully integrate the imagination, the aesthetic sensibility, moral & spiritual intuition, revelatory experience, symbolic perception, somatic & sensuous modes of understanding. ~ R Tarnas, #NFDB
153:We have a pretty ambitious goal for the world. What we think will make the Web better. What we think will make all these businesses that integrate with us run more effectively. I think if we stay focused on doing that, that's really the main thing that we need to do. ~ Mark Zuckerberg, #NFDB
154:It is easy to fail when designing an interactive experience. Designers fail when they do not know the audience, integrate the threads of content and context, welcome the public properly, or make clear what the experience is and what the audience's role in it will be. ~ Edwin Schlossberg, #NFDB
155:I realized early on, maybe better than some of my competitors did, that a textile business can run only if you have scale. I decided to horizontally and vertically integrate, adding everything from spinning, dyeing, weaving, and stitching to processing and packing. ~ Mian Muhammad Mansha, #NFDB
156:Again I want to emphasize that the study of propaganda must be conducted within the context of a technological society. Propaganda is called upon to solve problems created by technology, to play on maladjustments, and to integrate the individual into a technological world. ~ Jacques Ellul, #NFDB
157:In my view the successful companies of the future will be those that integrate business and employees' personal values. The best people want to do work that contributes to society with a company whose values they share, where their actions count and their views matter. ~ Jeroen van der Veer, #NFDB
158:Just as breathing exercises help integrate body and mind, writing is a kind of psycho-neural muscular activity which helps bridge and integrate the conscious and subconscious minds. Writing distills, crystallizes, and clarifies thought and helps break the whole into parts. ~ Stephen R Covey, #NFDB
159:The character ethic, which I believe to be the foundation of success, teaches that there are basic principles of effective living, and that people can only experience true success and enduring happiness as they learn and integrate these principles into their basic character. ~ Stephen Covey, #NFDB
160:Darkness historically has not been treated hospitably--it has remained in the unconscious & become a metaphor for it. It has been seen primarily in its negative aspect & as secondary phenomenon, itself constituting a shadow—something to integrate, to move through & beyond. ~ Marlan, #NFDB
161:My fullest concentration of energy is available to me only when I integrate all the parts of who I am, openly, allowing power from particular sources of my living to flow back and forth freely through all my different selves, without the restriction of externally imposed definition. ~ Audre Lorde, #NFDB
162:The U.K. needs a system for family migration underpinned by three simple principles. One: that those who come here should do so on the basis of a genuine relationship. Two: that migrants should be able to pay their way. And three: that they are able to integrate into British society. ~ Theresa May, #NFDB
163:(EMDR) allowed him to access his memories of the accident without being overwhelmed by them. When the brain areas whose absence is responsible for flashbacks can be kept online while remembering what has happened, people can integrate their traumatic memories as belonging to ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
164:I am in favor of increased communication and cooperation between countries, but it is more important that each country becomes responsible for its own actions, its own communities, its own economies, before starting to integrate in large regional or global supranational organizations. ~ David Korten, #NFDB
165:The Asaro tribe of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea has a beautiful saying: “Knowledge is only a rumor until it lives in the muscle.” What we understand and learn about rising strong is only rumor until we live it and integrate it through some form of creativity so that it becomes part of us. ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
166:The coming together of the Communications Internet, the Energy Internet, and the Logistics Internet in an Internet of Things provides the cognitive nervous system and physical means to integrate all of humanity in an interconnected global Commons that extends across the entirety of society. ~ Jeremy Rifkin, #NFDB
167:The black man in America's position is parallel with that of the Jews, especially when the Jews were in bondage under Pharaoh. And at no time did Moses in the Bible ever try and integrate the Hebrews into the Egyptian society or accept any hypocritical offers made by the slave master of that day. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
168:We're wired for story. In a culture of scarcity and perfectionism, there's a surprisingly simple reason we want to own, integrate, and share our stories of struggle. We do this because we feel the most alive when we're connecting with others and being brave with our stories - it's in our biology. ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
169:Initiations are opportunities for us to grow larger. They are death channels. And they are birth channels. They allow us the opportunity to integrate more of our self—more possibility, more reality, more sensation, more feeling. They require everything we’ve got. They destroy us to re-create us. ~ Stephen Cope, #NFDB
170:Taken together, all of these studies suggest that the path to a life of meaning and significance isn’t to “live in the present” as so many spiritual gurus have advised. It is to integrate our perspectives on time into a coherent whole, one that helps us comprehend who we are and why we’re here. ~ Daniel H Pink, #NFDB
171:The key phrase used by the synod, which I'll take up again, is 'integrate' in the life of the Church the wounded families, remarried families, etc. But of this one mustn't forget the children in the middle. They are the first victims, both in the wounds, and in the conditions of poverty, of work. ~ Pope Francis, #NFDB
172:When you actually integrate the health savings from an improved food system, eliminating food deserts, ensuring that everyone can afford a healthy diet, that you don't have to be sort of a person of substantial means in order to have access to healthy food, there are remarkable health improvements. ~ Jill Stein, #NFDB
173:Pakistan could continue to survive as it has done so far and defy further negative predictions. But if it does not grow economically sufficiently, integrate globally and remains mired in ideological debates and crises, how would its next seven decades be any different from the past seventy years? ~ Husain Haqqani, #NFDB
174:...re-writing the narratives that define us, making new meanings and imagining different endings. ... As our earliest caregivers transcribed our sensations, feelings and actions into words for us, our narratives took shape. We used these narratives to integrate our experience into coherent meanings. ~ Philippa Perry, #NFDB
175:The future is now! Soon every American home will integrate their television, phone and computer. You'll be able to visit the Louvre on one channel, or watch female wrestling on another. You can do your shopping at home, or play Mortal Kombat with a friend from Vietnam. There's no end to the possibilities! ~ Jim Carrey, #NFDB
176:Where are the leaders who can speak to the idea that it is not alien to American interests, but very much in our socioeconomic interests - not to mention our spiritual health - to integrate immigrants, that our nation functions best when we welcome newcomers and help them participate fully in our society? ~ Andrew Lam, #NFDB
177:Schools must inquire deeper into their own practices, explore new ways to motivate their learners, make use of learning styles, introduce multiple intelligences, integrate learning, and teach thinking, and in the process discover the passion and moral purpose that makes teaching exciting and effective. ~ Michael Fullan, #NFDB
178:Now, Jews integrate but they don't destroy their institutions. They don't close the synagogue. They don't stop having special Jewish graveyards. They don't stop having special Jewish holidays. Why can't we understand that we can have things special to us and still comingle and integrate with others. ~ John Henrik Clarke, #NFDB
179:As [Martin Luther] King said, it never cost anybody a dime to integrate the lunch counters. When you start talking about trying to deal with jobs and hunger and things that require investment, then that's really the tough stuff, because everybody wants to do right if it doesn't cost them anything. ~ Marian Wright Edelman, #NFDB
180:Something that at first glance may seem like simple intuition is actually far more—a knowledge that is actually based on countless hours of practice, of training yourself to be open, to integrate experiences in your mind until you become familiar with the patterns and directions those experiences tend to take. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
181:Intelligence is the capacity to receive, decode and transmit information efficiently. Stupidity is blockage of this process at any point. Bigotry, ideologies etc. block the ability to receive; robotic reality-tunnels block the ability to decode or integrate new signals; censorship blocks transmission. ~ Robert Anton Wilson, #NFDB
182:Strictly speaking, these drugs do not impart wisdom at all, any more than the microscope alone gives knowledge. They provide the raw materials of wisdom, and are useful to the extent that the individual can integrate what they reveal into the whole pattern of his behavior and the whole system of his knowledge. ~ Alan W Watts, #NFDB
183:[B]ecause of all his previous attempts to integrate with the rest of society and what he had learned about himself through them - he wanted to be who he was, not the person he would become if he lost the one trait that distinguished him from everybody else, no matter how perverse that decision seemed to others. ~ Iain M Banks, #NFDB
184:Intelligence is the capacity to receive, decode and transmit information efficiently. Stupidity is blockage of this process at any point. Bigotry, ideologies etc. block the ability to receive; robotic reality-tunnels block the ability to decode or integrate new signals; censorship blocks transmission.
~ Robert Anton Wilson,#NFDB
185:At the end of the day, you are solely responsible for your success and your failure. And the sooner you realize that, you accept that, and integrate that into your work ethic, you will start being successful. As long as you blame others for the reason you aren't where you want to be, you will always be a failure. ~ Erin Cummings, #NFDB
186:The truth about childhood, as many of us have had to endure it, is inconceivable, scandalous, painful. Not uncommonly, it is monstrous. Invariably, it is repressed. To be confronted with this truth all at once and to try to integrate it into our consciousness, however ardently we may wish it, is clearly impossible. ~ Alice Miller, #NFDB
187:Work almost always has a double aspect: it is a bondage, a wearisome drudgery; but it is also a source of interest, a steadying element, a factor that helps to integrate the worker with society. Retirement may be looked upon either as a prolonged holiday or as a rejection, a being thrown on to the scrap-heap. ~ Simone de Beauvoir, #NFDB
188:appearance of a world is consciousness. But the decisive step to an Ego Machine is the next one. If a system can integrate an equally transparent internal image of itself into this phenomenal reality, then it will appear to itself. It will become an Ego and a naive realist about whatever its self-model says it is. ~ Thomas Metzinger, #NFDB
189:Chacun peut e prouver en soi ce double mouvement: de s ir de s'inte grer a' la socie te , besoin de se re aliser par soi-me" me en dehors d'elle. We all have this double impulse within ourselves: the desire to integrate into society, and the need to fulfil ourselves outside of it, through our own efforts. ~ Nathalie Sarraute, #NFDB
190:Togetherness, for me, means teamwork. It makes us reflect how completely dependent we are upon one another in our social and commercial life. The more diversified our labors and interests have become in the modern world, the more surely need to integrate our efforts to justify our individual selves and our civilization. ~ Walt Disney, #NFDB
191:There’s only one way America’s neighborhoods will begin to integrate: people have to want it more than vested public and corporate interests are opposed to it. And more people should want it. Mixed-race, mixed-income housing is a product we need to market. It’s the only real solution to segregated schools, for one. (140) ~ Tanner Colby, #NFDB
192:One of the myths about the Internet of Things is that companies have all the data they need, but their real challenge is making sense of it. In reality, the cost of collecting some kinds of data remains too high, the quality of the data isn't always good enough, and it remains difficult to integrate multiple data sources. ~ Chris Murphy, #NFDB
193:Lord Sacks, Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth says in the Times London that multiculturalism was intended to create a more tolerant society, one in which everyone, regardless of colour, creed or culture, felt at home. But, he says, multiculturalism's message is "there is no need to integrate". ~ Citizen One, #NFDB
194:Jung didn’t try to separate good and evil. He knew that both exist in every human heart. He called the propensity to evil the Shadow. And he believed that trying to deny or repress the Shadow is dangerous. Because it can’t be done. He believed you have to recognize your Shadow, come to grips with it, accept it, and integrate it. ~ Greg Iles, #NFDB
195:Love can be simply stated to be the desire of the human being to integrate oneself with other selves in such a way that one starts feeling the pain and pleasure of another person as if of one’s own. Hatred can be defined as just the opposite – to derive pleasure in the pain of others, while feeling unhappy seeing others happy ~ Awdhesh Singh, #NFDB
196:We'll continue to see more and more brands integrate social causes, charitable components and environmental issues as underlying themes to their campaigns and messaging. Humans connect with humans after all, and brands are using this as a point of connection to engage with their audience, especially charity-minded Generation Y. ~ Amy Jo Martin, #NFDB
197:Women will not advance except by joining together in cooperative action.... Unlike other groups, women do not need to set affiliation and strength in opposition one against the other. We can readily integrate the two, search for more and better ways to use affiliation to enhance strength--and strength to enhance affiliation. ~ Jean Baker Miller, #NFDB
198:John Michell's The Dimensions of Paradise is inarguably among the most important Gnostic transmissions of recent generations. With his candid, uncomplicated style, John has made widely available the visions, the laws, and the numbers held within pure geometry and which integrate earth and sky, movement and form, cosmos and mankind. ~ Robert Lawlor, #NFDB
199:The history of this nation up through the Civil War shows how difficult the establishment of a federal authority can be when there are profound differences in the values of the societies it attempts to integrate.”3 Oppenheimer thus became the first of many postwar realists to disparage Einstein for being allegedly too idealistic. ~ Walter Isaacson, #NFDB
200:So I continue to update the course, thinking about how I can integrate its lessons into an “art of living in the world.” I have tried to enhance my students’ sense that finance should be the art of financing important human activities, of getting people (and robots someday) working together to accomplish things that we really want done. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
201:Forgiveness is a choice that presents itself to us in the form of three critical questions:
1) Can I give up the hope of a better past?
2) What is the day, the hour, the now - when I fulfill the promise to myself to let it go?
3) How will I integrate what's happened into who I choose to become in the future?
(Summarized) ~ Elizabeth Smart,#NFDB
202:In order to get the very most from meditation, you’ll probably want to integrate it with your everyday life. And in order to do that, you’ll need to add the second component—clarity. This way you get to see what’s causing the tension in the first place, you get to understand how and why you feel the way you do in certain situations. ~ Andy Puddicombe, #NFDB
203:Yoga is for everyone. You need not be an expert or at the peak of physical fitness to practice the asanas described...Yoga helps to integrate the mental and the physical plane, bringing about a sense of inner and outer balance, or what I term alignment. True alignment means that the inner mind reaches every cell and fiber of the body. ~ B K S Iyengar, #NFDB
204:In Hebrew, the Lord’s language, the word for time is ZeMaN, which is linked to the word for invitation. This serves to remind us that the passage of time is an invitation to make the most of it, to manage it effectively, and to integrate our understanding of how the world works with a true and accurate perception of the reality of time. ~ Daniel Lapin, #NFDB
205:With the advent of digital imaging I made the transition from trying to figure out how to do things to creating objects, characters and the whole cloth. It kind of freed up the analytical part of my brain and I had the opportunity to use more of the creative side of my brain for how things interact with light and integrate into stories. ~ John Dykstra, #NFDB
206:The brain is a stubborn organ. Once its primary set of beliefs has been established, the brain finds it difficult to integrate opposing ideas and beliefs. This has profound consequences for individuals and society and helps to explain why some people cannot abandon destructive beliefs, be they religious, political or psychological. ~ Andrew B Newberg, #NFDB
207:Your ritual needs to ensure your brain gets the support it needs to keep operating at a high level of depth. For example, the ritual might specify that you start with a cup of good coffee, or make sure you have access to enough food of the right type to maintain energy, or integrate light exercise such as walking to help keep the mind clear. ~ Cal Newport, #NFDB
208:Before making the decision to use a particular technology for a particular lesson, teachers should first make decisions about the learning goals, activities, and assessments that will shape the learning experience. During the process of making these decisions, teachers can more easily envision opportunities to integrate one or more technologies ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
209:Rather than trying to shelter our children from life’s inevitable difficulties, we can help them integrate those experiences into their understanding of the world and learn from them. How our kids make sense of their young lives is not only about what happens to them but also about how their parents, teachers, and other caregivers respond. ~ Daniel J Siegel, #NFDB
210:It’s just like when you’ve got some coffee that’s too black, which means it’s too strong. What you do? You integrate it with cream; you make it weak. If you pour too much cream in, you won’t even know you ever had coffee. It used to be hot, it becomes cool. It used to be strong, it becomes weak. It used to wake you up, now it’ll put you to sleep. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
211:The white man is too intelligent to let someone else come and gain control of the economy of his community. But you will let anyone come in and take control of the economy of your community, control the housing, control the education, control the jobs, control the businesses, under the pre-text that you want to integrate. No, you outta your mind. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
212:Wolverine and Spider-Man on depression:
--Wanna know why it's called "depression"? Because it IS depressing...
A death isn't like losing a job or getting divorced. You don't "get over it." You have to integrate it into your life. Learn to live with it.
But... Life does get better.
--Someday...?
--Best you can hope for.
--Someday. ~ Jeph Loeb,#NFDB
213:A species consists of a group of populations which replace each other geographically or ecologically and of which the neighboring ones integrate or hybridise wherever they are in contact or which are potentially capable of doing so (with one or more of the populations) in those cases where contact is prevented by geographical or ecological barriers. ~ Ernst Mayr, #NFDB
214:Capitalists don’t want free trade any more than they want whooping cough. Their nature is to conglomerate, homogenate, vertically integrate and dominate until there is no competition. The rules? Screw the rules! They’ll rig the game, spit on the ball, bribe the refs, tilt the playing field, pork the cheerleaders and kick free enterprise in the nuts. ~ Tim Dorsey, #NFDB
215:Integral theory is a school of philosophy that seeks to integrate all of human wisdom into a new, emergent worldview that is able to accommodate the gifts of all previous worldviews, including those which have been historically at odds: science and religion, Eastern and Western schools of thought, and pre-modern, modern and post-modern worldviews. ~ Daily Evolver, #NFDB
216:For me, the real goal is to integrate. The thing that I'm most happy with is the fact that I've been able to keep doing all of it - to keep writing, and to keep acting in movies, and to keep acting on the stage, to keep directing plays. I find that they feed each other, and that I learn about acting from directing and I learn about writing from acting. ~ Ethan Hawke, #NFDB
217:If all our political and intellectual elite offers by way of a national culture is "pop music, gambling, fashionable clothes or television," then we can neither mount a convincing intellectual defense against our enemies, nor hope to integrate intelligent, inquiring, and unfulfilled Muslim youths young men principally, of course to our way of life. ~ Anthony Daniels, #NFDB
218:It's just like when you've got some coffee that's too black, which means it's too strong. What do you do? You integrate it with cream, you make it weak. But if you pour too much cream in it, you won't even know you ever had coffee. It used to be hot, it becomes cool. It used to be strong, it becomes weak. It used to wake you up, now it puts you to sleep. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
219:The advice I would give to any photographer - young, old or in-between - is to explore anything visual because this is, after all, how you express your artistry. Look at paintings, movies, drawings, sculptures - look at anything visual and try to integrate that into your visual sense. After that, go out and take pictures and keep on taking pictures! ~ Elliott Erwitt, #NFDB
220:But in the dynamic space of the living Rocket, the double integral has a different meaning. To integrate here is to operate on a rate of change so that time falls away: change is stilled..."Meters per second" will integrate to "meters." The moving vehicle is frozen, in space, to become architecture, and timeless. It was never launched. It never did fall. ~ Thomas Pynchon, #NFDB
221:There are things you must do before that peace will be granted to you. Things that you must understand, that you must integrate into yourself. People who need your help. What one needs in order to heal will always come one's way, but sometimes it can be hard to recognize it. Sometimes the most beautiful and important gifts come wrapped in pain and blood. ~ Christie Golden, #NFDB
222:But in the dynamic space of the living Rocket , the double integral has a different meaning. To integrate here is to operate on a rate of change so that time falls away: change is stilled...'Meters per second ' will integrate to 'meters.' The moving vehicle is frozen, in space, to become architecture, and timeless. It was never launched. It never did fall. ~ Thomas Pynchon, #NFDB
223:[People] are trying to - they're trying to create something that solves a series of very complex problems inside of them or in their history. And I think when I unknowingly - when I went to do that, that's what I was - I was trying to integrate all of these very difficult things that I'd been unable to integrate in my life and in my life with my parents. ~ Bruce Springsteen, #NFDB
224:Where possible use Value Objects to model concepts in the downstream Context when objects from the upstream Context flow in. By doing so you can integrate with a priority on minimalism, that is, minimizing the number of properties that you assume responsibility for managing in your downstream model. Using immutable Values results in assuming less responsibility. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
225:Most of us don’t live our lives with one, integrated self that meets the world, we’re a whole bunch of selves. When someone dies, they all integrate into the soul—the essence of who we are, beyond the different faces we wear throughout our lives. You’re just hating the selves you’ve always hated, and loving the ones you’ve always loved. It’s bound to mess you up. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
226:The ultimate litmus test we endorse for any reform is whether it will serve to integrate the poor - particularly the $2-a-day poor - into society. It is not enough to provide material relief to those experiencing extreme deprivation. We need to craft solutions that can knit these hard-pressed citizens back into the fabric of their communities and their nation. ~ Kathryn Edin, #NFDB
227:The urge to be sick rose again, but this time I swallowed it down. Chained. Confined. Kept like an animal in a cage. I’d studied psychology at school; I knew what that did to a child. I knew about the wolf children and the girl raised in a chicken coop. They were feral and traumatised, virtually unable to function, and certainly unable to integrate into society. ~ Sarah A Denzil, #NFDB
228:Since Western society is deteriorating, it has become overrun with immorality, and God is going to judge it, and destroy it. And the only way the black people caught up in this society can be saved is not to integrate into this corrupt society, but to separate from it, to a land of our own, where we can reform ourselves, lift up our moral standards and try to be godly. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
229:Character Ethic as the foundation of success—things like integrity, humility, fidelity, temperance, courage, justice, patience, industry, simplicity, modesty, and the Golden Rule. Benjamin Franklin’s autobiography is representative of that literature. It is, basically, the story of one man’s effort to integrate certain principles and habits deep within his nature. ~ Stephen R Covey, #NFDB
230:There are no insignificant relationships. Every experience that we have contains purpose and meaning. Each event, each person in our lives embodies an energetic fragment of our own psyche and soul. Our individual spiritual task is to recognize and integrate all of them into our awareness so that the greater pattern of our mission can shine forth in its full dimensions. ~ Caroline Myss, #NFDB
231:The southern white Baptists now want to integrate with the black Baptist church. I say that would be the end of it. In the first place, most white southern Baptists can't preach, their intentions are not that good and we make a different joyful noise unto the Lord than white people. When we say, "Lord Jesus, personal savior", we may not mean the same thing as what they mean. ~ John Henrik Clarke, #NFDB
232:I believe that there is a sacred child-like spirit in all of us (often referred to as our younger self or sacred inner child), one we can access and heal in recovery. We can gradually learn to integrate our youthful spirit into our everyday life. There is sweet sacredness when a person truly dedicates himself or herself to reclaiming his or her forgotten and abandoned inner child. ~ Christopher Dines, #NFDB
233:The disowned parts of ourselves are what get in the way of us having the relationships we long for, the careers we don't know how to create, and the goals we want to achieve. It is by getting in touch with ALL the parts of ourselves - by having a gentle dialogue with all the "selves" we have inside - that we integrate them into a more comfortable, peaceful way of being with ourselves. ~ Shakti Gawain, #NFDB
234:The persistence of housing discrimination and housing segregation makes it difficult at times to integrate schools. So what flows from that is disappointment and cynicism and the search for what's next. And it's really in the search for what's next after that that we come upon ideas like increasing standardized testing for kids and using those tests scores to hold teachers accountable. ~ Dana Goldstein, #NFDB
235:Moses tried to separate his people from Pharaoh, and when he tried, the magicians tried to fool the people into staying with the Pharaoh, and we look upon these other organizations that are trying to get Negroes to integrate with this doomed white man as nothing but modern-day magicians, and The Honorable Elijah Muhammad is a modern-day Moses trying to separate us from the modern-day Pharaoh. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
236:2. SPIRITUAL NURTURANCE: Seeing and reflecting back to the child his or her essential worth, basic goodness and loving nature. Engendering experiences of joy, fun, and love to maintain the child’s innate sense that life is a gift. Spiritual or philosophical guidance to help the child integrate painful aspects of life. Nurturing the child’s creative self-expression. Frequent exposure to nature. ~ Pete Walker, #NFDB
237:Inside our skulls are fish, reptile and shrew brains, as well as the highest centers that allow us to integrate information in our unique way; and some of our newer brain components talk to each other via some very ancient structures indeed. Our brains are makeshift structures, opportunistically assembled by Nature over hundreds of millions of years, and in multiple different ecological contexts. ~ Ian Tattersall, #NFDB
238:In order to find out how to reveal our innermost Being, the sages explored the various sheaths of existence, starting from body and progressing through mind and intelligence, and ultimately to the soul. The yogic journey guides us from our periphery, the body, to the center ofour being, the soul. The aim is to integrate the variouslayers so that the inner divinity shines out as through clear glass. ~ B K S Iyengar, #NFDB
239:The only purpose of education is to teach a student how to live his life-by developing his mind and equipping him to deal with reality. The training he needs is theoretical, i.e., conceptual. He has to be taught to think, to understand, to integrate, to prove. He has to be taught the essentials of the knowledge discovered in the past-and he has to be equipped to acquire further knowledge by his own effort. ~ Ayn Rand, #NFDB
240:Cities should function more like ecosystems, or even metabolisms. When we build, we should be thinking about how we can integrate into the ecosystems around us, but without sacrificing all the niceties of civilization like good restaurants, concert halls, and high-speed Internet access. I'm saying that partly tongue-in-cheek, but I'm also deadly serious. The future of technology is sustainable ecology. ~ Annalee Newitz, #NFDB
241:There is nothing like Integral Dreaming in the literature. This is an ambitious undertaking and its readers will gain an in-depth understanding of dreams and dreaming that they will find nowhere else. The ‘five movements’ of Integral Dream Practice will encourage many readers to follow the steps outlined, and integrate dreamwork into their own lives. This book will be an instant classic in the field. ~ Stanley Krippner, #NFDB
242:Come from the heart, the true heart, not the head. When in doubt, choose the heart. This does not mean to deny your own experiences and that which you have empirically learned through the years. It means to trust your self to integrate intuition and experience. There is a balance, a harmony to be nurtured, between the head and the heart. When the intuition rings clear and true, loving impulses are favored. ~ Brian Weiss, #NFDB
243:I also think that employees these days expect less of a separation of work and personal life. That doesn't mean that work tasks should encroach upon our personal time, but it does mean that employees today expect more from the companies for whom they work. Why shouldn't your workplace reflect your values? Why is "giving back" not a part of our jobs? The answer for us is to integrate philanthropy with work. ~ Marc Benioff, #NFDB
244:Come from the heart, the true heart, not the head. When in doubt, choose the heart. This does not mean to deny your own experiences and that which you have empirically learned through the years. It means to trust your self to integrate intuition and experience. There is a balance, a harmony to be nurtured, between the head and the heart. When the intuition rings clear and true, loving impulses are favored. ~ Brian L Weiss, #NFDB
245:Well, my contention is that the political system of this country is so designed criminally to prevent this, that if the black man even started in that direction, which is a mature step and it's the only way to really solve this problem and to prove that he is the intellectual equal of others, why, the racists and the segregationists would fight that harder than they're fighting the present efforts to integrate. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
246:The new buzz word in Silicon Valley is "integration". Work-life "balance" is very 2.0. All these women share ways in which they integrate their family life and work. Facebook's head of Global Solutions, Carolyn Everson, for example, takes her children along on her business trips once a quarter. They meet her clients, visit new places and get a better understanding of what mom does when she isn't at home with them. ~ Willow Bay, #NFDB
247:Integration anywhere means destruction everywhere," Almond inveighed in his inaugural address, his words a dark mirror of Lyndon Johnson's anxious commentary on Sputnik. Claiming to be the front line of defense for the entire South and its "way of life," the southern Democrats who ruled the state passed a package of laws that gave the legislature the right to close any public school that tried to integrate. ~ Margot Lee Shetterly, #NFDB
248:The charming landscape which I saw this morning is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men's farms, yet to this their warranty-deeds give no title. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson, #NFDB
249:To recognize and integrate something monstrous from our collective past as a society requires considerable time, just as it does on the individual level, in therapy. To rush the process may mean that the mechanisms of denial are further strengthened. We still need our illusions, our "crutches", as we confront a new and painful aspect of the truth on our journey toward a complete perception of the child's situation. ~ Alice Miller, #NFDB
250:I embraced Hinduism because it was the only religion in the world that is compatible with National Socialism. And the dream of my life is to integrate Hitlerism into the old Aryan Tradition, to show that it is really a resurgence of the original Tradition. It's not Indian, not European, but Indo-European. It comes from back to those days when the Aryans were one people near the North Pole. The Hyperborean Tradition. ~ Savitri Devi, #NFDB
251:The real battle of depression is between parts of the self. Depressed people are pulled under by shadows, ghosts, pieces of themselves that they can’t integrate and can’t let go. The harder they work, the more they do what they know how to do, the worse things get. When their loved ones try to help in the usual ways, the commonsense ways that only seem natural expressions of caring and concern, they get rejected. ~ Richard O Connor, #NFDB
252:words of existential psychotherapist Irwin Yalom: To be human is to be lonely. To become a person means exploring new modes of resting in our loneliness. When we are willing to accept loneliness as a normal, recurring experience of life, we can learn to integrate it more graciously. We do not have to make loneliness or any other “negative” emotion more painful by adding shame, self-abandonment, or self-loathing to it. ~ Pete Walker, #NFDB
253:I want to write rage but all that comes is sadness. We have been sad long enough to make this earth either weep or grow fertile. I am an anachronism, a sport, like the bee that was never meant to fly. Science said so. I am not supposed to exist. I carry death around in my body like a condemnation. But I do live. The bee flies. There must be some way to integrate death into living, neither ignoring it nor giving in to it. ~ Audre Lorde, #NFDB
254:We must create the conditions for immigrants to normally integrate into our society, learn Russian and, of course, respect our culture and traditions and abide by Russian law. In this regard, I believe that the decision to make learning the Russian language compulsory and administer exams is well grounded. To do so, we will need to carry out major organisational work and introduce corresponding legislative amendments. ~ Vladimir Putin, #NFDB
255:The charming landscape which I saw this morning, is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men's farms, yet to this their warranty-deeds give no title. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson, #NFDB
256:wholeheartedness is about integration. It’s integrating our thinking, feeling, and behavior. It’s putting down the armor and bringing forth all of the scraggly, misshapen pieces of our history and folding in all of the different roles that, when falsely separated, keep us feeling exhausted and torn, to make a complex, messy, awesome, whole person. I love that the Latin root of the word integrate is integrare, “to make whole. ~ Bren Brown, #NFDB
257:Many Syrians understand that the only way to protect your country is to live with each other with integration, not only in coexistence, which is actually more precise to call cohabitation, when people interact and integrate with each other on daily basis in every detail. So, I think in this regard I am more assured that Syria will be more unified. So, the only problem now that we face is not the partition, but terrorism. ~ Bashar al Assad, #NFDB
258:We Communists must be able to integrate ourselves with the masses in all things. If our Party members spend their whole lives sitting indoors and never go out to face the world and brave the storm, what good will they be to the Chinese people? None at all, and we do not need such people as Party members. We Communists ought to face the world and brave the storm the great world of mass struggle and the mighty storm of mass struggle. ~ Mao Zedong, #NFDB
259:The mass media serve as a system for communicating messages and symbols to the general populace. It is their function to amuse, entertain, and inform, and to inculcate individuals with the values, beliefs, and codes of behavior that will integrate them into the institutional structures of the larger society. In a world of concentrated wealth and major conflicts of class interest, to fulfil this role requires systematic propaganda. ~ Noam Chomsky, #NFDB
260:Nowadays, there are plans to separate the Baltic states from the common power system of the former Soviet Union and to integrate them into the European system. What does it mean for us in practice? In practice, it means that a number of zones will emerge between several regions of the Russian Federation, where we will have no power transmission lines, since previously we used to have a loop transition through the Baltic countries. ~ Vladimir Putin, #NFDB
261:beneficial results possible. They become the basis of a person’s character, creating an empowering center of correct maps from which an individual can effectively solve problems, maximize opportunities, and continually learn and integrate other principles in an upward spiral of growth. They are also habits of effectiveness because they are based on a paradigm of effectiveness that is in harmony with a natural law, a principle I call the ~ Stephen R Covey, #NFDB
262:For St. Thomas Aquinas the problem was rather different. It was a question of how to integrate philosophy into sacred science, not only without allowing either the one or the other to suffer essentially thereby, but to the greater benefit of both. In order to achieve this result, he had to integrate a science of reason with a science of revelation without corrupting at the same time both the purity of reason and the purity of revelation. ~ tienne Gilson, #NFDB
263:A trauma can be successfully processed only if all those brain structures are kept online. In Stan’s case, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) allowed him to access his memories of the accident without being overwhelmed by them. When the brain areas whose absence is responsible for flashbacks can be kept online while remembering what has happened, people can integrate their traumatic memories as belonging to the past. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
264:Whether it’s interviewing someone over Skype, developing an affable Twitter persona, learning how to publish an e-book, or experimenting with a new task management app, we must become adept at testing out new technologies that can benefit us in our personal and professional lives. Sometimes, we will choose not to integrate a new technology into our lives, and that’s okay. It’s the experimentation, and the awareness we gain through it, that’s key. ~ Jocelyn K Glei, #NFDB
265:Of all the great world religions, Christianity should value the body most. After all, it taught that God had in some sense taken a human body and used it to redeem the world; everything about the physical should have been sacred and sacramental. But that had not happened. instead, the churches had found it almost impossible to integrate the sexual with the divine and had developed a Platonic aversion to the body - particularly the bodies of women. ~ Karen Armstrong, #NFDB
266:to be able to inhabit our Feminine power we need to integrate self-care into the bedrock of our lives. It flies in the face of everything we have been taught, and the way that our world is built. We can think that our mission in this world should take priority over self-care. But don’t you doubt it, self-care is a political act of inner defiance. It really is revolutionary. It marks a sea change. When we take care of ourselves, we honour the Feminine ~ Lucy H Pearce, #NFDB
267:Society thinks of violent acts as manifestations of evil or immorality. We're told we have ultimate control over our own behavior, that each and every one of us has the free will to choose not to hurt another human being. But it's not just morality that guides us. Biology does as well. Our frontal lobs helps us integrate thoughts and actions. They help us weight the consequences of those actions. Without such control, we'd give in to every wild impulse. ~ Tess Gerritsen, #NFDB
268:in most types of work—that is, work that doesn’t have a clear training philosophy—most people are stuck. This generates an exciting implication. Let’s assume you’re a knowledge worker, which is a field without a clear training philosophy. If you can figure out how to integrate deliberate practice into your own life, you have the possibility of blowing past your peers in your value, as you’ll likely be alone in your dedication to systematically getting better. ~ Cal Newport, #NFDB
269:You have this unique anatomical structure in the brain and you ask: what is its function? It seems to integrate all information from the different cortical regions. So we thought at the time it was associated with consciousness. It binds all the information from the different sensory, non-sensory, motor, planning areas together into one coherent percept. A little bit like the conductor of the cerebral symphony. ~ Christof Koch, The Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness, #NFDB
270:I warn her not to chase money—
chase a dream, like underwater photography
or hiking,
build your own boat and sail around the world,
serve and protect the earth,
that’s the kind of stuff brilliant
minds pursue,
not moneyed soul-shrinking
status sh**—
integrate your heart and soul
into your walk, talk, hands and
thrust your voice up to the sky
as you sing your life out
pure, free, hard and strong
against any wind. ~ Jimmy Santiago Baca,#NFDB
271:The Rakshasa," said Percy pedantically, "are a different breed altogether from our vampires. Much in the same way that poodles and dachshunds are different breeds of dog. Rakshasas are reviled in India. Their position as tax collectors is an attempts by the crown to integrate them in a more progressive and mundane manner."
Rue said, "Oh, how logical. Because we all know ordaining someone as a tax collector is the surest way to get them accepted by society. ~ Gail Carriger,#NFDB
272:The main question is “Do you own your pain?” As long as you do not own your pain—that is, integrate your pain into your way of being in the world—the danger exists that you will use the other to seek healing for yourself. When you speak to others about your pain without fully owning it, you expect something from them that they cannot give. As a result, you will feel frustrated, and those you wanted to help will feel confused, disappointed, or even further burdened. ~ Henri J M Nouwen, #NFDB
273:Continuous Integration is a software development practice where members of a team integrate their work frequently, usually each person integrates at least daily - leading to multiple integrations per day. Each integration is verified by an automated build (including test) to detect integration errors as quickly as possible. Many teams find that this approach leads to significantly reduced integration problems and allows a team to develop cohesive software more rapidly. ~ Martin Fowler, #NFDB
274:Many healings of other physical troubles have occurred in my clients after they started to integrate breathing practices into their lives. There is a simple but encompassing reason that may explain this. The human body is designed to discharge 70% of its toxins through breathing. Only a small percentage of toxins are discharged through sweat, defecation and urination. If your breathing is not operating at peak efficiency, you are not ridding yourself of toxins properly. ~ Gay Hendricks, #NFDB
275:By contrast, the early majority want to buy a productivity improvement for existing operations. They are looking to minimize the discontinuity with the old ways. They want evolution, not revolution. They want technology to enhance, not overthrow, the established ways of doing business. And above all, they do not want to debug somebody else’s product. By the time they adopt it, they want it to work properly and to integrate appropriately with their existing technology base. ~ Geoffrey A Moore, #NFDB
276:As parents, we are wired to try to save our children from any harm and hurt, but ultimately we can’t. They’ll fall down, they’ll get their feelings hurt, and they’ll get scared and sad and angry. Actually, it’s often these difficult experiences that allow them to grow and learn about the world. Rather than trying to shelter our children from life’s inevitable difficulties, we can help them integrate those experiences into their understanding of the world and learn from them. ~ Daniel J Siegel, #NFDB
277:Their thought is India is a beehive (Madhumakhi Ka Chhata) but our thought is India is our Mother (Maata). Their thought is poverty is a state of mind, our thought is that the poor are manifestation of Almighty. Their thought is to divide and rule, our thought is to integrate and do development. Their soch is Vanshvaad, our soch is Rashtravaad. They say Rajneeti is everything, we say Rashtraneeti is everything. Your thought is to save the chair, our thought is to save the nation. ~ Narendra Modi, #NFDB
278:Absence does not so much make the heart grow fonder as give the heart time to integrate what it has not previously absorbed, time to make sense of what happened too quickly to have any meaning in the instant. This is always true. If it is in absence that people forget each other, it is also in the quiet pause of absence that, minds running in symmetry, people come to know each other; there is sometimes as much intimacy in the span of continents as in the shared hours before dawn. ~ Andrew Solomon, #NFDB
279:We're primarily interested in solving the problem of 20 million black people. And if integration is going to solve the problem tomorrow, then let's integrate. But since the Supreme Court issued its desegregation decision seven years ago, and you only have about six or seven percent integration now, on an educational level, that means that the black man trying to use integration as a means of solving his problem will be another 100 years just getting integration on an educational level. ~ Malcolm X, #NFDB
280:When people are unable to integrate their traumatic memories, they seem to lose their capacity to assimilate new experiences as well. It is as if their personality stops at a certain points and cannot enlarge any more by the addition or assimilation of new elements. Unless they become aware of the split off elements and integrate them into a story that had happened in the past but was now over, they would experience a slow decline in their personal and professional functioning. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
281:First, we developed the self-model, because we had to integrate our sensory perceptions with our bodily behavior. Then this self-model became conscious, and the phenomenal self-model was born into the Ego Tunnel, allowing us to achieve global control of our bodies in a much more selective and flexible manner. This was the step from being an embodied natural system that has and uses an internal image of itself as a whole to a system that, in addition, consciously experiences this fact. ~ Thomas Metzinger, #NFDB
282:Seeing is sensing. Hearing is sensing. Touching is sensing. Smelling is sensing. What each of us happens to sense is different. And our different senses are differently effective under ever-differing circumstances. Our individual brains coordinatingly integrate all the ever-different sensings of our different faculties. The integrated product of our multifold individual sensings produces awareness. Only through our sensings are we aware of the complementary “otherness.” ~ Buckminster Fuller, Critical Path, #NFDB
283:It would be three months before eBay woke up to the threat of Alipay. In January 2004, PayPal assembled a task force in San Jose to pick up on EachNet’s earlier unsuccessful efforts to devise an escrow solution. In the United States, eBay had shelled out $1.4 billion to buy PayPal in 2002. But it was slow to integrate the company and roll it out to China. To be fair to PayPal, regulatory obstacles in China were an important factor in the delay: The country’s banking sector is closely guarded ~ Duncan Clark, #NFDB
284:We shall have to stop thinking of technology as something invulnerable that is merely used by humans, and view it as part of a greater cybernetic ecology all around us. The key distinction in an environment is not between ‘natural’ and ‘artificial’, but between semantic and dynamic: intention and behaviour. Biology has already drawn these lines, and through us, it will integrate the inanimate with the animate in information systems, until we no longer see a pertinent difference between the two. ~ Mark Burgess, #NFDB
285:I suppose our lives need to be more integrated. We have white communities and black communities and white country clubs and black country clubs. It's very important when we integrate ourselves, and it helps us to have a better understanding of the world, to people all over the world and this is the time in history that we have become very aware of how important that is, so I think it's just really-we have to know each other and work together and play together in order to write about each other. ~ Diahann Carroll, #NFDB
286:Duality is the real root of our suffering and of all our conflicts. All our concepts and beliefs, no matter how profound they may seem, are like nets which trap us in dualism. When we discover our limits we have to try to overcome them, untying ourselves from whatever type of religious, political, or social conviction may contain us. We have to abandon such concepts as 'enlightenment', 'the nature of the mind', and so on, until we no longer neglect to integrate our knowledge with our actual existence. ~ Namkhai Norbu, #NFDB
287:Scripture, tradition, reason, and experience. However, because this book is designed for an evangelical audience, which in principle holds that Scripture is the final arbiter of theological truth (sola scriptura), and because these essays are brief and introductory in nature, the emphasis in most essays is on defending each position biblically. We encourage teachers and students to integrate more thoroughly considerations of tradition, reason, and experience as they critically evaluate various positions. 5. ~ Gregory A Boyd, #NFDB
288:Jung first gave us the term ‘shadow’ to refer to those parts of our personality that have been rejected out of fear, ignorance, shame, or lack of love. His basic notion of the shadow was simple: ‘the shadow is the person you would rather not be.’ He believed that integrating the shadow would have a profound impact, enabling us to rediscover a deeper source of our own spiritual life. ‘To do this,’ Jung said, ‘we are obliged to struggle with evil, confront the shadow, to integrate the devil. There is no other choice.’ ~ Debbie Ford, #NFDB
289:The only problem with sadness, desperation, anger, hopelessness, anxiety, anguish, misery, is that you want to get rid of them. That’s the only barrier. You will have to live with them. You cannot just escape. They are the very situation in which life has to integrate and grow. They are the challenges of life. Accept them. They are blessings in disguise. If you want to escape from them, if you somehow want to get rid of them, then a problem arises – because if you want to get rid of something you never look at it directly. ~ Osho, #NFDB
290:The diversity of networks in business and the economy is mindboggling. There are policy networks, ownership networks, collaboration networks, organizational networks, network marketing-you name it. It would be impossible to integrate these diverse interactions into a single all-encompassing web. Yet no matter what organizational level we look at, the same robust and universal laws that govern nature's webs seem to greet us. The challenge is for economic and network research alike to put these laws into practice. ~ Albert L szl Barab si, #NFDB
291:Historically, people have been naive about what qualities, if mechanized, would undeniably constitute intelligence. Is intelligence an ability to integrate functions symbolically? If so, then AI already exists, since symbolic integration routines outdo the best people in most cases.
If intelligence involves learning, creativity, emotional responses, a sense of beauty, a sense of self, then there is a long road ahead, and it may be that these will only be realized when we have totally duplicated a living brain. ~ Douglas R Hofstadter,#NFDB
292:This means that if we are able to make sense of absential relationships, it won’t merely illuminate certain everyday mysteries. If the example of zero is any hint, even just glimpsing the outlines of a systematic way to integrate these phenomena into the natural sciences could light the path to whole new fields of inquiry. And making scientific sense of these most personal of nature’s properties, without trashing them, has the potential to transform the way we personally see ourselves within the scheme of things. The ~ Terrence W Deacon, #NFDB
293:We make our system of work safer by creating fast, frequent, high quality information flow throughout our value stream and our organization, which includes feedback and feedforward loops. This allows us to detect and remediate problems while they are smaller, cheaper, and easier to fix; avert problems before they cause catastrophe; and create organizational learning that we integrate into future work. When failures and accidents occur, we treat them as opportunities for learning, as opposed to a cause for punishment and blame. ~ Gene Kim, #NFDB
294:We find ourselves in a universe where we have highly conscious creatures. So the question is: how were we selected for? And the answer is: integrated information is evolutionarily advantageous since, obviously, it’s much better—rather than having separate streams of information; let’s say auditory, and visual, and memory—it’s obviously much better if you can integrate that information, because then you’re much more easily able to find coincidences and make an informed judgment on the whole. ~ Christof Koch, The Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness, #NFDB
295:In the mid-1990s researchers discovered a subset of highly specialized nerve cells that provide a key to understanding how the brain integrates reason and emotion. Called tonically active neurons (TANs), these cells often sit where striosomes and matrisomes meet, as Ann Graybiel and her colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered. The TANs are thus perfectly positioned to integrate information from both structures and, by implication, from the intensely passionate limbic system and the eminently reasonable prefrontal cortex. ~ Jeffrey M Schwartz, #NFDB
296:Vision’s mostly a lie anyway,” he continued. “We don’t really see anything except a few hi-res degrees where the eye focuses. Everything else is just peripheral blur, just … light and motion. Motion draws the focus. And your eyes jiggle all the time, did you know that, Keeton? Saccades, they’re called. Blurs the image, the movement’s way too fast for the brain to integrate so your eye just … shuts down between pauses. It only grabs these isolated freeze-frames, but your brain edits out the blanks and stitches an … an illusion of continuity into your head. ~ Peter Watts, #NFDB
297:Jim Jones started out as a civil rights crusader in Indianapolis. As a young preacher in the mid-50s, he used members of his congregation to integrate lunch counters and all-white churches in rich neighborhoods; they'd just march in and sit down at the pews and see what happened. Often they were received with racist insults, and once with a bomb threat. But the fact that you had this charismatic, white man, aggressively promoting racial equality, was a huge draw for African Americans, many of whom felt the Civil Rights Movement had stalled by the late 60s. ~ Julia Scheeres, #NFDB
298:Yale law professor Dan Kahan, the lead author on this study, attributes the tight correlation between “worldview” and acceptance of climate science to “cultural cognition,” the process by which all of us—regardless of political leanings—filter new information in ways that will protect our “preferred vision of the good society.” If new information seems to confirm that vision, we welcome it and integrate it easily. If it poses a threat to our belief system, then our brain immediately gets to work producing intellectual antibodies designed to repel the unwelcome invasion. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
299:1) We draw power for appliances, lights, and computers from the electric grid. The physical world of appearance draws its power, in general, from the Grid.
2) A great, developing project, driven in part by the needs of physics, is the technology to integrate many dispersed computers into functional units, whose total power can be accessed as needed from any point. That technology is known as Grid technology. It's hot, and it's cool.
3) Grid is short.
4) Grid is not Matrix. I'm sorry, but the sequels tarnished that candidate. And Grid is not Borg. ~ Frank Wilczek,#NFDB
300:I believe that one of the most critical factors in the transition to becoming a conscious high performer is the degree to which your relationship to your pursuit stays in harmony with your unique disposition. There will inevitably be times when we need to try new ideas, release our current knowledge to take in new information—but it is critical to integrate this new information in a manner that does not violate who we are. By taking away our natural voice, we leave ourselves without a center of gravity to balance us as we navigate the countless obstacles along our way. ~ Josh Waitzkin, #NFDB
301:Even though peak experiences might show us the truth and inform us about why we are training, they are essentially no big deal. If we can't integrate them into the ups and downs of our lives, if we cling to them, they will hinder us. We can trust our experiences as valid, but then we have to move on and learn how to get along with our neighbors. Then even the most remarkable insights can begin to permeate our lives. As the twelfth-century Tibetian yogi Milarepa said when he heard of his student Gampopa's peak experiences, 'They are neither good not bad. Keep meditation.' ~ Pema Ch dr n, #NFDB
302:Canada is lucky enough to be protected both by oceans and by a southern neighbor that is very careful about its migration and its borders. So, we don't have the irregular flow that Europe has been having to deal with. But because of that, people here have seen that welcoming people, helping them to integrate, is actually a tremendous benefit to local economies. It creates jobs, innovation and opportunity. One of the things that comes with that, though, is stemming the flow of irregular migration. But you can't just create barriers - you also have to work with the countries of origin. ~ Justin Trudeau, #NFDB
303:To conclude, our results suggest that stress can interfere with our ability to integrate context information into a memory trace. These findings might improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, such as the post-traumatic stress disorder in which the failure to connect the traumatic event with the appropriate (temporal and spatial) contextual information is a common pathological hallmark (Rauch et al. 2006). ~ Schwabe, L.; Bohringer, A.; Wolf, O.T. (2009). "Stress disrupts context-dependent memory". Learning and Memory. 16 (2): 110–113. doi:10.1101/lm.1257509. PMID 19181616., #NFDB
304:Often, a parent indulges a child by stepping in to save him from disagreeable circumstances (an argument with a friend) or from defeat (questioning a judge at a musical competition). The problem is that overindulgence can interfere with a child’s ability to build resilience in response to the normal bumps and pitfalls of life. This is how vulnerability can be spawned. Instead of building healthy self-esteem, these children develop a kind of helplessness because they have not learned to integrate the pluses and minuses in their life, says Ronningstam. “They’re not prepared for a rainy day. ~ Claudia Kalb, #NFDB
305:...when do I actually encounter the Other 'beyond the wall of language', in the rel of his or her being? Not when I am able to describe her, not even when I learn her values, dreams, and so on, but only when I encounter the Other in her moment of jouissance: when I discern in her a tiny detail (a compulsive gesture, a facial expression, a tic) which signals the intensity of the real of jouissance. This encounter with the real is always traumatic; there is something at least minimally obscene about it; I cannot simply integrate it into my universe, there is always a gulf separating me from it. ~ Slavoj i ek, #NFDB
306:TV is not the “entertainment” medium it is assumed to be. Newspapers and periodicals aren’t either. Pop music is “concerned” music, with lyrics and harmonies unconsciously gauged to the now. Films and plays are simply variants of TV fare. Even the clothes on your back integrate you into the herd unconsciously, if they are “stylish”. Stop and consider if whatever you buy, see, listen to, or do is popular. If it is, it is programmed, and like it or not, so are you. Does all this imply that you stop all activity just because it’s popular? You figure that one out. It should come easily to a Satanist. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
307:I feel like I've been lucky that I've never been put in a situation where I had to keep a serious secret. But what is true of me - and has to be true of everyone who's ever been in a family - is that our idealization of reality when we're children always has to fall apart. It's the narratives we didn't know about that pop up and redraw reality. You have to be able to integrate secrets into who you are. My family does not look now like it does when I was a kid. There was divorce. There were family secrets. There was definitely a difference between what I thought was true and what was true. ~ Patrick Somerville, #NFDB
308:Don’t be so hard on yourself, You’re doing the same thing, trying to reconcile all the moms that Mom ever was - The one you wanted, the one she was when you needed her and she was there, the one she was when she didn’t understand. Most of us don’t live our lives with one, integrated self that meets the world, we’re a whole bunch of selves. When someone dies, they all integrate into the soul - the essence of who we are, beyond the different faces we wear throughout our lives. You’re just hating the selves you’ve always hated, and loving the ones you’ve always loved. It’s bound to mess you up. ~ Christopher Moore, #NFDB
309:Dissociation leaves us disconnected from our memories, our identities and our emotions. It breaks the trauma into digestible components, so that different aspects of the trauma get stored in different compartments in our brain. What happens as a result is that the information from the trauma becomes disorganized and we are not able to integrate these pieces into a coherent narrative and process trauma fully until, hopefully, with the help of a validating, trauma-informed counselor who guides us to the appropriate therapies best suited to our needs, we confront the trauma and triggers in a safe place. ~ Shahida Arabi, #NFDB
310:Integrate at least three of these items into your daily diet to be sure you are eating plenty of whole food. 1. Beans—all kinds: black beans, pinto beans, garbanzo beans, black-eyed peas, lentils 2. Greens—spinach, kale, chards, beet tops, fennel tops 3. Sweet potatoes—don’t confuse with yams. 4. Nuts—all kinds: almonds, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, Brazil nuts, cashews 5. Olive oil—green, extra-virgin is usually the best. Note that olive oil decomposes quickly, so buy no more than a month’s supply at a time. 6. Oats—slow-cook or Irish steel-cut are best. 7. Barley—either in soups, as a hot cereal, or ~ Dan Buettner, #NFDB
311:Having no background in philosophic thought and ignorant of the reasons supporting their faith, they experience great uneasiness when someone questions their beliefs. Such people often live closely guarded lives, fearful of encountering someone or something that might shatter their insecure spiritual foundation.This attitude, however, is not the fault of religion but of their own limited understanding. True Dharma leads in exactly the opposite direction. It enables one to integrate all the many diverse experiences of life into a meaningful and coherent whole, thereby banishing fear and insecurity completely. ~ Thubten Yeshe, #NFDB
312:I confess that I am now suspicious of nearly every attempt to code anger as unhealthy, no matter how well meaning or persuasive the source. I believe Stanton was correct: what is bad for women, when it comes to anger, are the messages that cause us to bottle it up, let it fester, keep it silent, feel shame, and isolation for ever having felt it or re-channel it in inappropriate directions. What is good for us is opening our mouths and letting it out, permitting ourselves to feel it and say it and think it and act on it and integrate it into our lives, just as we integrate joy and sadness and worry and optimism. ~ Rebecca Traister, #NFDB
313:We have fought hard and long for integration, as I believe we should have, and I know that we will win. But I've come to believe we're integrating into a burning house.
I'm afraid that America may be losing what moral vision she may have had …. And I'm afraid that even as we integrate, we are walking into a place that does not understand that this nation needs to be deeply concerned with the plight of the poor and disenfranchised. Until we commit ourselves to ensuring that the underclass is given justice and opportunity, we will continue to perpetuate the anger and violence that tears at the soul of this nation. ~ Martin Luther King Jr,#NFDB
314:The cognitive sophistication of a mammalian species, in fact, is nicely predicted by the extent of the convergence that occurs in its cortex-more is present in humans than in monkeys, and more in monkeys than in rats. When plasticity occurs simultaneously in two regions that fed into a convergence zone, plasticity is also likely to occur in the convergence zone since it will be the recipient of the high level of activity that occurs when plasticity is being established in the individual regions. Obviously, synchrony and modulation also influence convergence zones, further increasing their potential to integrate information across systems. ~ Joseph E LeDoux, #NFDB
315:Through systematic meditation one can awaken the third eye and touch the cosmic awareness. Sushumna nadi is the subtle pathway in the spinal cord which passes through the main psychic centers. The awakening of these centers means a gradual expansion of awareness, until it reaches the cosmic awareness. Each center has its own beauty and gracefulness. Through generations of ignorance and unconsciousness, this channel of awareness becomes obscured and hidden. Meditation is to become aware about this internal life energy. Meditation is the procedure to rearrange, harmonize, activate, and integrate the individual life energy with the cosmic life energy. ~ Amit Ray, #NFDB
316:Our human nature includes both the self that wants immediate gratification, and the self with a higher purpose. We are born to be tempted, and born to resist. It is just as human to feel stressed, scared, and out of control as it is to find the strength to be calm and in charge of our choices. Self-control is a matter of understanding these different parts of ourselves, not fundamentally changing who we are. In the quest for self control, the usual weapons we wield against ourselves—guilt, stress, and shame—don't work. People who have the greatest self-control aren't waging self-war. They have learned to accept and integrate these competing selves. ~ Kelly McGonigal, #NFDB
317:But a map is not enough as a guide for action; we also need a goal that tells us where to go. Animals have no such problems. Their instincts provide them with a map as well as with goals. But lacking instinctive determination and having a brain that permits us to think of many directions in which we can go, we need an object of total devotion, a focal point for all our strivings and the basis for all our effective - not only our proclaimed - values. We need such an object of devotion in order to integrate our energies in one direction, to transcend our isolated existence, with all its doubts and insecurities, and to answer our need for a meaning of life. ~ Erich Fromm, #NFDB
318:When you fully integrate this view of your life, you will have achieved what the Manuscript calls a clear awareness of your spiritual path. According to the Manuscript we all must spend as much time as necessary going through this process of clearing our past. Most of us have a control drama we have to transcend but once we do, we can comprehend the higher meaning for why we were born to our particular parents, and what all the twists and turns of our lives were preparing us to do. We all have a spiritual purpose, a mission, that we have been pursuing without being fully aware of it, and once we bring it completely into consciousness, our lives can take off. ~ James Redfield, #NFDB
319:Reducing the amount of time people spend behind bars--by eliminating harsh mandatory minimums--will alleviate some of the unnecessary suffering caused by this system, but it will not disturb the closed circuit. Those labeled felons will continue to cycle in and out of prison, subject to perpetual surveillance by the police, and unable to integrate into the mainstream society and economy. Unless the number of people who are labeled felons is dramatically reduced, and unless the laws and policies that keep ex-offenders marginalized from the mainstream society and economy are eliminated, the system will continue to create and maintain an enormous undercaste. ~ Michelle Alexander, #NFDB
320:invisible. Yet in our new Anthropocene science, the boundaries are not so clean. As we observe the world, the lens is part of the photograph. As I’ve discussed, climate modeling is hard enough even when the modelers are not themselves part of what is being modeled. Ecologists, accustomed to studying various biomes, or communities of organisms existing in specialized environments, are now studying “anthromes,” where human activities have become part of ecological systems. Rather than simply ignore or deplore croplands, rangelands, parks, cities, and managed forests, we can put them in our maps and models and decide how we want to integrate them into the world. The ~ David Grinspoon, #NFDB
321:faster. As I was closing this book, Walmart announced that to upgrade its ability to compete in e-commerce with Amazon—which still does eight times Walmart’s sales online—it was buying Jet, a year-old Internet retail startup. The Economist reported on August 13, 2016, that Jet’s appeal to Walmart was its “real-time pricing algorithm, which tempts customers with lower prices if they add more items to their basket. The algorithm also identifies which of Jet’s vendors is closest to the consumer, helping to minimize shipping costs and allowing them to offer discounts. Walmart plans to integrate the software with its own.” It turns out that “under a second” was just too damned slow. ~ Thomas L Friedman, #NFDB
322:Via our machines— be it phone, television, or computer— we receive an enormous amount of information every day. But we don’t have the time, the energy, and the emotional resilience to deal with all of this information. We do triage as best we can, but we still are flooded with more stimulation than we can process and integrate. Still, many people are hooked. Scientists have discovered that every time we hear the blip or ding of an e-mail or text message a small amount of dopamine is released into our brains. We humans are programmed to be curious and it is natural to want to know more, more, and more. Therapists have coined a phrase for a new addiction: FOMO, or “fear of missing out. ~ Mary Pipher, #NFDB
323:The general-purpose system consists of a workspace and a set of mental operations called executive functions that are carried out on information held in the workspace. Although only a limited amount of information can be retained at any one time, the workspace can hold on to and interrelate information of different types from different specialized systems (the way something looks, sounds, and smells can be associated with its location in external space and with its name). This ability to integrate information across systems allows for abstract representation of objects and events. It is especially well-developed in humans, and is likely to contribute to the uniqueness in human cognition. ~ Joseph E LeDoux, #NFDB
324:To pull a man out of the mud, the Just Man must set foot into that mud. To bring back lost souls, he must leave the comfort of his home and seek them wherever they might be. "In every man, there is something of the Messiah." In every man, in every place. The Kabbala says it, the mystics repeat it. To free mankind one must gather the sparks, all the sparks, and integrate them into the sacred flame. A Messiah who would seek to save only the Just, would not be the Messiah. The others must be considered too - they must be prepared. Miscreants need redemption more than saints. And that is the reason - we are told - why Rebbe Nahman braved so many dangers in so many inhospitable territories - alone. ~ Elie Wiesel, #NFDB
325:All of that was eventually shown—there’s considerable adult neuro-genesis in the hippocampus (where roughly 3 percent of neurons are replaced each month) and lesser amounts in the cortex.22 It happens in humans throughout adult life. Hippocampal neurogenesis, for example, is enhanced by learning, exercise, estrogen, antidepressants, environmental enrichment, and brain injuryfn9 and inhibited by various stressors.fn10,23 Moreover, the new hippocampal neurons integrate into preexisting circuits, with the perky excitability of young neurons in the perinatal brain. Most important, new neurons are essential for integrating new information into preexisting schemas, something called “pattern separation. ~ Robert M Sapolsky, #NFDB
326:The Palestinian refugee problem could have easily been solved in 1948, just as virtually every other refugee problem in the world has been; and just as the refugee problem of the 800,000 Jews who fled Arab countries during and after 1948 was solved. But, since 1948, Arab countries have deliberately mistreated the Palestinian refugees by refusing to integrate them into their countries and by keeping them in refugee camps—the only refugees in the world to be kept in camps for three generations. The Arab countries did this so as to keep the world’s attention focused on the plight of the Palestinian refugees and to use them as a way to defame and ultimately, they hope, delegitimize and de-Judaize Israel. ~ Dennis Prager, #NFDB
327:The Semitic religions of Abrahamic lineage present themselves as gifts come down from Heaven at a particular moment in history; now in order for them to be able to impinge on whole collectives, that is, to convert them and to integrate them, they must appeal to volitive and emotional factors, and this clearly has nothing to do with pure intellection, or a sophisticated dialectic. The monotheists were finally in need of Hellenism, not only to learn how to give more explicit account of their intellectual intentions, but also in order to promote the blossoming forth of intellection itself, thanks precisely to the aid of a more supple means of expression than the symbols and ellipses of the Scriptures. ~ Frithjof Schuon, #NFDB
328:They had brought him in during the war, the professional civil servant from an orthodox department, a man to handle paper and integrate the brilliance of his staff with the cumbersome machine of bureaucracy. It comforted the Great to deal with a man they knew, a man who could reduce any colour to grey, who knew his masters and could walk among them. And he did it so well. They liked his diffidence when he apologized for the company he kept, his insincerity when he defended the vagaries of his subordinates, his flexibility when formulating new commitments. Nor did he let go the advantages of a cloak and dagger man malgré lui, wearing the cloak for his masters and preserving the dagger for his servants. ~ John le Carr, #NFDB
329:The prefrontal cortex is a convergence zone. It receives connections from various specialized systems (like the visual and auditory sensory systems), enabling it to be aware of what's going on in the outside world and to integrate the information it gathers. It also receives connections from the hippocampus and other cortical areas involved in long-term explicit memory, allowing it to retrieve stored information (facts, personal experiences, schemata) relevant to the task at hand. In addition, it sends connections to areas involved in movement control (including movement-control areas in the frontal cortex as well as in subcortical regions), allowing executive decisions to be turned into voluntary actions. ~ Joseph E LeDoux, #NFDB
330:The terror that took Baru came from the deepest part of her soul. It was a terror particular to her, a fundamental concern—the apocalyptic possibility that the world simply did not permit plans, that it worked in chaotic and unmasterable ways, that one single stroke of fortune, one well-aimed bowshot by a man she had never met, could bring total disaster. The fear that the basic logic she used to negotiate the world was a lie. Or, worse, that she herself could not plan: that she was as blind as a child, too limited and self-deceptive to integrate the necessary information, and that when the reckoning between her model and the pure asymbolic fact of the world came, the world would devour her like a cuttlefish snapping up bait. ~ Seth Dickinson, #NFDB
331:Metaphysics would distinguish carefully between facts assembled diligently by scientists and hypotheses, many unproven, which are used to integrate these facts into some meaningful pattern. A total and complete science of things would be able to judge these hypotheses and their implications. It would stand as a standard with respect to which modern science would be compared and judged . It would criticize the vulgarizations of science and the popular philosophies based upon them as well as the contradictions within the sciences themselves. Moreover, this would be carried out not only in physics but in all sciences such as biology and psychology where even more than in physics wild conjectures are often paraded as scientifically proven facts. ~ Seyyed Hossein Nasr, #NFDB
332:This is how the call to spirituality comes to us. We ought to be spiritual in every aspect of our lives because our world is the spiritual one. It is what we are suited to. Thus Paul, from his profound grasp of human existence, counsels us, “To fill your mind with the visible, the ‘flesh,’ is death, but to fill your mind with the spirit is life and peace” (Rom. 8:6). As we increasingly integrate our life into the spiritual world of God, our life increasingly takes on the substance of the eternal. We are destined for a time when our life will be entirely sustained from spiritual realities and no longer dependent in any way upon the physical. Our dying, or “mortal” condition, will have been exchanged for an undying one and death absorbed in victory.20 ~ Dallas Willard, #NFDB
333:No matter how rich their fantasy life had been, it cannot begin to compensate for the bleak emptiness that the real world now presents to their eyes. When they lose the ability to interact in the interpersonal environment, they are profoundly and terribly lonely, for they are not only without others, they also have less of themselves. In this precarious and weakened state of inwardness, a single traumatic event or a stressful interpersonal situation can create a panic or confused state that catapults the person into an acute psychotic episode. In the regression to a previous level of ego development, the patient’s attempts to stabilize and integrate the personality at intermediate stages fail, until finally a very primitive level of equilibrium is reached. ~ Robert W Firestone, #NFDB
334:We want out. In the end, it’s that simple. We want out, where the law is, where you prosper or you fail according to your own merits as a person. Is that so damned much? I don’t want white friends. I don’t want to socialize. You know how white people look to me? The way albinos look to you. I hope never to find myself in a white man’s bed. I don’t want to integrate. I just don’t want to feel segregated. We’re after our share of the power structure of this civilization, Mr. McGee, because, when we get it, a crime will merit the same punishment whether the victim is black or white, and hoods will get the same share of municipal services, based on zoning, not color. And a good man will be thought a credit to the human race. Sorry. End of lecture. The housemaid has spoken. ~ John D MacDonald, #NFDB
335:As a black lesbian feminist comfortable with the many different ingredients of my identity, and a woman committed to racial and sexual freedom from oppression, I find I am constantly being encouraged to pluck out some one aspect of myself and present this as the meaningful whole, eclipsing or denying the other parts of self. But this is a destructive and fragmenting way to live. My fullest concentration of energy is available to me only when I integrate all the parts of who I am, openly, allowing power from particular sources of my living to flow back and forth freely through all my different selves, without the restrictions of externally imposed definition. Only then can I bring myself and my energies as a whole to the service of those struggles which I embrace as part of my living. ~ Audre Lorde, #NFDB
336:However, the distinction of groups is optional. The group is not an ontological entity like the biological species. The various group concepts intersect one another. The historian chooses, according to the special plan of his studies, the features and attributes that determine the classiBcation of individuais into various groups. The grouping may integrate people speaking the same language or professing the same religion or practicing the same vocation or occupation or descended from the same ancestry. The group concept of Gobineau was different from that of Marx. In short, the group concept is an ideal type and as such is derived from the historian's understanding of the historical forces and events.
Only individuais think and act. Each individuaTs thinking and acting is influenced by his fellows' thinking and acting. ~ Ludwig von Mises,#NFDB
337:He had behaved with the greatest possible propriety, his only aim seem to be to please his house, and he looked like a man suffering from pangs of conscience and feeling guilty towards another man. If, for example, the talk touched on some disputable point, the visitor hasten to agree with Mr Golyadkin's opinion. If his opinion happened by mistake to run contrary to Mr Golyadkin, and he then noticed that he had gone astray, he immediately corrected what he had said, brought out some explanation, and made it clear without delay that really he held the same view as his host, thought in the same way and looked at everything was exactly the same size. In short, the guests drove with all his might to integrate himself with Mr Golyadkin, so that in the end Mr Golyadkin yet again decided that his visitor must be a most amiable person in all respects. ~ Fyodor Dostoyevsky, #NFDB
338:All human development, according to Silvan Tompkins, is rooted in affect (feeling) dynamics because affects (feelings) are the primary innate biological motivator of human life. Our anger is the energy that gives us strength. The Incredible Hulk becomes the huge, powerful hulk when he needs the energy and power to take care of others. Our sadness is an energy we discharge in order to heal. As we discharge the energy over the losses relating to our basic needs, we can integrate the shock of those losses and adapt to reality. Sadness is painful. We try to avoid it. Discharging sadness releases the energy involved in our emotional pain. To hold it in is to freeze the pain within us. The therapeutic slogan is that grieving is the “healing feeling.” Fear releases an energy that warns us of danger to our basic needs. Fear is an energy leading to our discernment and wisdom. ~ John Bradshaw, #NFDB
339:The charming landscape which I saw this morning, is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men's farms, yet to this their warranty-deeds give no title. To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child. The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. His intercourse with heaven and earth, becomes part of his daily food. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature (1836), #NFDB
340:When trying to explain the violent path of some Islamists, Western commentators sometimes blame harsh economic conditions, dysfunctional family circumstances, confused identity, the generic alienation of young males, a failure to integrate into the larger society, mental illness, and so on. Some on the Left insist that the real fault lies with the mistakes of American foreign policy.
None of this is convincing. Jihad in the twenty-first century is not a problem of poverty, insufficient education, or any other social precondition. (Michael Zehaf-Bibeau was earning more than $90,000 a year working for a drilling company in British Columbia, where he also reportedly proclaimed his support of the Taliban and joked about suicide bombing vests, with no repercussions.) We must move beyond such facile explanations. The imperative for jihad is embedded in Islam itself. It is a religious obligation. ~ Ayaan Hirsi Ali,#NFDB
341:Daniel is asleep. A care assistant, a different one today is swishingaroundthe room with a mop that smells of pine cleaner.
Elisabeth wonders what's doing to happen to all the care assistants. She realizes she hasn't so far encountered a single care assistant here who isn't from somewhere else in the world. That morning on the radio she;d heard a spokesperson say, but it's not just that we;ve been rhetorically and practically encouraging the opposite of integration for immigrants to this country. It's that we've been rhetorically and practically encouraging ourselves not to integrate. We've been doing this as a matter of self-policing since Thatcher taught us to be selfish and not just to think but to believe that there's no such thing as society.
Then the other spokesperson in the dialogue said, well, you would say that. Get over it. Grow up. Your time's over. Democracy. You lost. ~ Ali Smith,#NFDB
342:Shepherd Book: What are we up to, sweetheart?
River: Fixing your Bible.
Book: I, um... What?
River: Bible's broken. Contradictions, false logistics - doesn't make sense.
Shepherd Book: No, no. You-you-you can't...
River: So we'll integrate non-progressional evolution theory with God's creation of Eden. Eleven inherent metaphoric parallels already there. Eleven. Important number. Prime number. One goes into the house of eleven eleven times, but always comes out one. Noah's ark is a problem.
Shepherd Book: Really?
River: We'll have to call it early quantum state phenomenon. Only way to fit 5000 species of mammal on the same boat.
Shepherd Book: River, you don't fix the Bible.
River: It's broken. It doesn't make sense.
Book: It's not about making sense. It's about believing in something, and letting that belief be real enough to change your life. It's about faith. You don't fix faith, River. It fixes you. ~ Ben Edlund,#NFDB
343:How far is the mind a collection of quasi-independent perceptual minds integrated psychically in large measure by temporal concurrence of experience? … When it is a question of ‘mind’ the nervous system does not integrate itself by centralization upon a pontifical cell. Rather it elaborates a millionfold democracy whose each unit is a cell… the concrete life compounded of sublives reveals, although integrated, its additive nature and declares itself an affair of minute foci of life acting together… When however we turn to the mind there is nothing of all this. The single nerve-cell is never a miniature brain. The cellular constitution of the body need not be for any hint of it from ‘mind’… A single pontifical brain-cell could not assure to the mental reaction a character more unified, and non-atomic than does the roof-brain’s multitudinous sheet of cells. Matter and energy seem granular in structure, and so does ‘life,’ but not so mind. ~ Erwin Schrödinger, Mind and Matter, #NFDB
344:Colonization of the world, more often than not by robbery and warfare, spread Christianity into the Americas and other corners of the earth, just as Islam was spread throughout Asia and Africa. lt is not a coincidence that the two most widespread religions in the world today are the most warlike and intolerant religions in history. Before the rise of Christianity, religious tolerance, including a large degree of religious freedom, was not only custom but in many ways law under the Roman and Persian empires. They conquered for greed and power, rarely for any declared religious reasons, and actually sought to integrate foreign religions into their civilization, rather than seeking to destroy them. People were generally not killed because they practiced a different religion. Indeed, the Christians were persecuted for denying that the popular gods existed — not for following a different religion. In other words, Christians were persecuted for being intolerant. ~ Richard C Carrier, #NFDB
345:It is certainly possible that an individual can, qua individual, suffer some failure of meaning, as in pathological boredom or depression. But any given social world is also a nexus of common significances, saliences, taboos, and a general shared orientation that can also either be sustained or can fail. Indeed one of the most interesting aspects of such a social condition, shared meaningfulness, or intelligibility, is that it can fail, go dead, lose its grip, and a very great deal of what interests Hegel is simply what such shared practical meaningfulness must be that it could fail, and how we should integrate our account of action into a fuller theory of the realization of such a condition and its failure. (His general name for the achievement and maintenance of such a form of intelligible life is “Sittlichkeit” and his case for this sort of priority of Sittlichkeit over strictly individualist accounts of mindedness in-action has not, I want to argue, been properly appreciated.) ~ Robert B Pippin, #NFDB
346:is to read things that are not yet on the page. Edwin Land of Polaroid talked about the intersection of the humanities and science. I like that intersection. There’s something magical about that place. There are a lot of people innovating, and that’s not the main distinction of my career. The reason Apple resonates with people is that there’s a deep current of humanity in our innovation. I think great artists and great engineers are similar, in that they both have a desire to express themselves. In fact some of the best people working on the original Mac were poets and musicians on the side. In the seventies computers became a way for people to express their creativity. Great artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were also great at science. Michelangelo knew a lot about how to quarry stone, not just how to be a sculptor. People pay us to integrate things for them, because they don’t have the time to think about this stuff 24/7. If you have an extreme passion for producing ~ Walter Isaacson, #NFDB
347:When Ruth looked at the scans of her normal subjects, she found activation of DSN regions that previous researchers had described. I like to call this the Mohawk of self-awareness, the midline structures of the brain, starting out right above our eyes, running through the center of the brain all the way to the back. All these midline structures are involved in our sense of self. The largest bright region at the back of the brain is the posterior cingulate, which gives us a physical sense of where we are—our internal GPS. It is strongly connected to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), the watchtower I discussed in chapter 4. (This connection doesn’t show up on the scan because the fMRI can’t measure it.) It is also connected with brain areas that register sensations coming from the rest of the body: the insula, which relays messages from the viscera to the emotional centers; the parietal lobes, which integrate sensory information; and the anterior cingulate, which coordinates emotions and thinking. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk, #NFDB
348:The coming of the messianic King occurs in two stages. At his first coming, he saved us from the penalty of sin and gave us the presence of the Holy Spirit, the down payment of the age to come (2 Cor 1:21 – 22; Eph 1:13–14). At the end of time, he will come to complete what he began at the first coming, saving us from the dominion and very presence of sin and evil. He will bring a new creation, a material world cleansed of all brokenness. Christians now live in light of that future reality. We evangelize, telling people about the gospel and preparing them for the judgment. We also help the poor and work for justice, because we know that this is God’s will and that he will ultimately overcome all oppression. We teach Christians to integrate their faith and their work so they can be culture makers, working for human flourishing — the common good. The “already but not yet” of the kingdom keeps us from utopian, triumphalistic visions of cultural takeover on the one hand, and from pessimism or withdrawal from society on the other. ~ Timothy J Keller, #NFDB
349:The differences and disagreements don’t hurt as much as the ways in which we communicate them. Ideally an argument does not have to be hurtful; instead it can simply be an engaging conversation that expresses our differences and disagreements. (Inevitably all couples will have differences and disagree at times.) But practically speaking most couples start out arguing about one thing and, within five minutes, are arguing about the way they are arguing. Unknowingly they begin hurting each other; what could have been an innocent argument, easily resolved with mutual understanding and an acceptance of differences, escalates into a battle. They refuse to accept or understand the content of their partner’s point of view because of the way they are being approached. Resolving an argument requires extending or stretching our point of view to include and integrate another point of view. To make this stretch we need to feel appreciated and respected. If our partner’s attitude is unloving, our self-esteem can actually be wounded by taking on their point of view. ~ John Gray, #NFDB
350:Encapsulation is almost always a good thing to do, but sometimes information can be hidden in the wrong place. This makes the code difficult to understand, to integrate, or to build behavior from by composing objects. The best defense is to be clear about the difference between the two concepts when discussing a design. For example, we might say: • “Encapsulate the data structure for the cache in the CachingAuctionLoader class.” • “Encapsulate the name of the application’s log file in the PricingPolicy class.” These sound reasonable until we recast them in terms of information hiding: • “Hide the data structure used for the cache in the CachingAuctionLoader class.” • “Hide the name of the application’s log file in the PricingPolicy class.” Context independence tells us that we have no business hiding details of the log file in the PricingPolicy class—they’re concepts from different levels in the “Russian doll” structure of nested domains. If the log file name is necessary, it should be packaged up and passed in from a level that understands external configuration. ~ Steve Freeman, #NFDB
351:EMDR is a bizarre and wondrous treatment and anybody who first hears about it, myself included, thinks this is pretty hokey and strange. It's something invented by Francine Shapiro who found that, if you move your eyes from side to side as you think about distressing memories, that the memories lose their power.
And because of some experiences, both with myself, but even more with the patients of mine who told me about their experiences, I took a training in it. It turned out to be incredibly helpful. Then I did what's probably the largest NIH-funded study on EMDR. And we found that, of people with adult-onset traumas, a one-time trauma as an adult, that it had the best outcome of any treatment that has been published.
What's intriguing about EMDR is both how well it works and the question is how it works and that got me into this dream stuff that I talked about earlier, and how it does not work through figuring things out and understanding things. But it activates some natural processes in the brain that's helped you to integrate these past memories. ~ Bessel A van der Kolk,#NFDB
352:All the philosophical theories that exist have been created by the mistaken dualistic minds of human beings. In the realm of philosophy, that which today is considered true, may tomorrow be proved to be false. No one can guarantee a philosophy's validity. Because of this, any intellectual way of seeing whatever is always partial and relative. The fact is that there is no truth to seek or to confirm logically; rather what one needs to do is to discover just how much the mind continually limits itself in a condition of dualism.
Dualism is the real root of our suffering and of all our conflicts. All our concepts and beliefs, no matter how profound they may seem, are like nets which trap us in dualism. When we discover our limits we have to try to overcome them, untying ourselves from whatever type of religious, political or social conviction may condition us. We have to abandon such concepts as 'enlightenment', 'the nature of the mind', and so on, until we are no longer satisfied by a merely intellectual knowledge, and until we no longer neglect to integrate our knowledge with our actual existence. ~ Namkhai Norbu,#NFDB
353:You've blotted the rich form of desire from my life and left me only some vaguely eccentric behaviors that have grown up to integrate so much pleasure into the mundane world around me. What text could I write now? It's as though I cannot even remember what I once desired. All I can look for now, when I have the energy, is lost desire itself-- and I look for it by clearly inadequate means. At best such an account as I might write would read like the life of anyone else, with, now and again, a bizarre and interruptive incident, largely mysterious and completely demystified-- at least that's what it has become without the day-to-day, moment-to-moment web of wanting that you have unstrung from about my universe. Without it, all falls apart. In a single gesture you've turned me into the most ordinary of human creatures and at once left me an obsessive, pleasureless eccentric, trapped in a set of habits which no longer have reason because they no longer lead to reward. And if I had enough self-confidence, in the midst of this bland continual chaos into which you've shunted me, for hate, I should hate you. But I don't have it. ~ Samuel R Delany, #NFDB
354:Willed introversion, in fact, is one of the classic implements of creative genius and can be employed as a deliberate device. It drives the psychic energies into depth and activates the lost continent of unconscious infantile and archetypal images. The result, of course, may be a disintegration of consciousness more or less complete (neurosis, psychosis: the plight of spellbound Daphne); but on the other hand, if the personality is able to absorb and integrate the new forces, there will be experienced an almost superhuman degree of self-consciousness and masterful control. This is a basic principle of the Indian disciplines of yoga. It has been the way, also, of many creative spirits in the West.25 It cannot be described, quite, as an answer to any specific call. Rather, it is a deliberate, terrific refusal to respond to anything but the deepest, highest, richest answer to the as yet unknown demand of some waiting void within: a kind of total strike, or rejection of the offered terms of life, as a result of which some power of transformation carries the problem to a plane of new magnitudes, where it is suddenly and finally resolved. ~ Joseph Campbell, #NFDB
355:Mental uses Carnelian carries the vibration of creativity to help you give birth to new projects. This stone acts as a catalyst to put things in motion so that they can come to fruition. Use this stone to mentally integrate the true meaning of active courage. Carnelian is an ideal stone for improving visualization skills. Emotional uses Carnelian is a good tool to help you dive into your emotions either through art, music, writing, or any creative outlet. It reminds you to give yourself the time to create and the courage to take the action to make it so. This stone also helps you embrace the emotions and feelings of past challenges, accept them, and move on. A stone for action and moving forward in life, it is useful when you are up against an emotional block. Physical uses Carnelian is helpful for relieving the pain of arthritis as well as for supporting respiratory function, which makes it easier to breathe. A stone of fertility, it is helpful for manifesting ideas or for getting pregnant. Its orange vibration activates the part of you that needs a push or the motivation to move forward to take action on your projects, ideas, or ~ Margaret Ann Lembo, #NFDB
356:Where are you going?”
“Uh,” said Kami, eyeballing her wildly. “I’m going to buy some drugs.”
Lillian stared. “I beg your pardon?”
“This is a really stressful time for everyone,” said Kami. “So I thought maybe I could buy a little weed, take the edge off. I might be a while. This is a very clean-living town, apart from all the murders, so I don’t actually know any drug dealers. I realize Jared kind of looks like one, but he’s not, which is a shame because I think the drug dealer’s girlfriend gets her drugs free.”
“I realize you are attempting to be humorous,” said Lillian, after a pause during which she stared some more. “I don’t understand it.”
“Hey, you’re not the only family with a legacy. ‘Glass’ rhymes with ‘sass.’ Have you met my dad?”
“I have had that dubious pleasure,” said Lillian. “He is, in fact, meant to be meeting me in order to, and I quote, ‘teach me to integrate better with society, display leadership skills, win over the populace, and stop acting like a robot princess from space.’ I admit that the humor in his humor escapes me as well.” She paused and suddenly looked determined. “I’m going to start without him. ~ Sarah Rees Brennan,#NFDB
357:This second wave of synaptogenesis is not confined to the frontal lobes. When the UCLA team scanned the brains of nineteen normal children and adolescents, ages seven and sixteen, they found that the parietal lobes (which integrate information from far-flung neighborhoods of the brain, such as auditory, tactile, and visual signals) are still maturing through the midteens. The long nerve fibers called white matter are probably still being sheathed in myelin, the fatty substance that lets nerves transmit signals faster and more efficiently. As a result, circuits that make sense of disparate information are works in progress through age sixteen or so. The parietal lobes reach their gray matter peak at age ten (in girls) or twelve (in boys) and are then pruned. But the temporal lobes, seats of language as well as emotional control, do not reach their gray matter maximum until age sixteen, Giedd finds. Only then do they undergo pruning. The teen brain, it seems, reprises one of the most momentous acts of infancy, the overproduction and then pruning of neuronal branches. “The brain,” says Sowell, “undergoes dynamic changes much later than we originally thought. ~ Jeffrey M Schwartz, #NFDB
358:Thanks largely to the attempts to integrate women into the armed forces of many modern countries, the physical differences between the sexes have been precisely measured.[296] One study found the average U.S. Army female recruit to be 12 centimeters shorter and 14.3 kilograms lighter than her male brethren. Compared to the average male recruit, females had 16.9 fewer kilograms of muscle and 2.6 more kilograms of fat, as well as 55 percent of the upper body strength and 72 percent of the lower body strength. Fat mass is inversely related to aerobic capacity and heat tolerance, hence women are also at a disadvantage when performing activities such as carrying heavy loads, working in the heat and running. Even when the samples were controlled for height, women possessed only 80 percent of the overall strength of men. Only the upper 20 percent of women could do as well physically as the lower 20 percent of men. Had the 100 strongest individuals out of a random group consisting of 100 men and 100 women been selected, 93 would be male and only seven female.[297] Yet another study showed gthat only the upper 5 percent of women are as strong as the median male.[298] ~ Martin van Creveld, #NFDB
359:Structure of the Calendar When we talk about the Mayan Calendar, we are really talking about two calendars—one that measures ordinary time, and one that measures sacred time. These two calendars interpenetrate in such a way as to integrate and synthesize the secular and sacred dimensions of reality. In this book we shall be primarily concerned with the measure of ritual time, usually called the tzolk’in and sometimes referred to as the Ritual Almanac or Divinatory Almanac. We do not know what the ancient Maya called this ritual or sacred aspect of the Calend a r . M o s t s c h o l a r s u s e t h e Y u c a t e c t e r m t z o l k’i n (f ro m tzol = count and k’in = day, hence "count of days"), but this term may not have been used by the Classic Maya and is in fact based on the equivalent K’iche’ term ch’olq’ij. 1 The tzolk’in is a unique method of reckoning time. It consists of twenty named days combined with thirteen numbers. Each day-name is repeated thirteen times during the Calendar cycle, for a total of 260 days (13 x 20 = 260). The twenty days, with their glyphs, directional correspondences, Mayan names, and some of their most common English meanings, are shown here as “The Names of the Days. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
360:Until now, I've been writing about "now" as if it were literally an instant of time, but of course human faculties are not infinitely precise. It is simplistic to suppose that physical events and mental events march along exactly in step, with the stream of "actual moments" in the outside world and the stream of conscious awareness of them perfectly synchronized. The cinema industry depends on the phenomenon that what seems to us a movie is really a succession of still pictures, running at twenty-five [sic] frames per second. We don't notice the joins. Evidently the "now" of our conscious awareness stretches over at least 1/25 of a second.
In fact, psychologists are convinced it can last a lot longer than that. Take he familiar "tick-tock" of the clock. Well, the clock doesn't go "tick-tock" at all; it goes "tick-tick," every tick producing the same sound. It's just that our consciousness runs two successive ticks into a singe "tick-tock" experience—but only if the duration between ticks is less than about three seconds. A really bug pendulum clock just goes "tock . . . tock . . . tock," whereas a bedside clock chatters away: "ticktockticktock..." Two to three seconds seems to be the duration over which our minds integrate sense data into a unitary experience, a fact reflected in the structure of human music and poetry. ~ Paul Davies,#NFDB
361:No,’ he says very firmly. ‘It doesn’t matter how good a drummer, singer, or trombone-mimer you are, bragging about anything is bad form. They have a mantra in the business – “Lego over ego” – and people follow it.’ He tells me that he and his fellow non-Danes have been guided towards the writings of a 1930s Danish-Norwegian author, Aksel Sandemose, for a better understanding of how best to ‘integrate’ into the workplace in Denmark. Sandemose outlines ten rules for living Danishly (otherwise known as ‘Jante’s Law’) in his novel, A Fugitive Crosses His Tracks. These, as far as Google Translate and I can make out, are: You’re not to think you are anything special You’re not to think you are as good as we are You’re not to think you are smarter than us You’re not to convince yourself that you are better than us You’re not to think you know more than us You’re not to think you are more important than us You’re not to think you are good at anything You’re not to laugh at us You’re not to think anyone cares about you You’re not to think you can teach us anything ‘Crikey, you’re not to do much round here, are you?’ ‘Oh, and there’s another, unspoken one.’ ‘Yes?’ ‘“Don’t put up with presenteeism”. If anyone plays the martyr card, staying late or working too much, they’re more likely to get a leaflet about efficiency or time management dropped on their desk than any sympathy. ~ Helen Russell, #NFDB
362:Google had a built-in disadvantage in the social networking sweepstakes. It was happy to gather information about the intricate web of personal and professional connections known as the “social graph” (a term favored by Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg) and integrate that data as signals in its search engine. But the basic premise of social networking—that a personal recommendation from a friend was more valuable than all of human wisdom, as represented by Google Search—was viewed with horror at Google. Page and Brin had started Google on the premise that the algorithm would provide the only answer. Yet there was evidence to the contrary. One day a Googler, Joe Kraus, was looking for an anniversary gift for his wife. He typed “Sixth Wedding Anniversary Gift Ideas” into Google, but beyond learning that the traditional gift involved either candy or iron, he didn’t see anything creative or inspired. So he decided to change his status message on Google Talk, a line of text seen by his contacts who used Gmail, to “Need ideas for sixth anniversary gift—candy ideas anyone?” Within a few hours, he got several amazing suggestions, including one from a colleague in Europe who pointed him to an artist and baker whose medium was cake and candy. (It turned out that Marissa Mayer was an investor in the company.) It was a sobering revelation for Kraus that sometimes your friends could trump algorithmic search. ~ Steven Levy, #NFDB
363:CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEM 1 generates impressions, feelings, and inclinations; when endorsed by System 2 these become beliefs, attitudes, and intentions operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort, and no sense of voluntary control can be programmed by System 2 to mobilize attention when a particular pattern is detected (search) executes skilled responses and generates skilled intuitions, after adequate training creates a coherent pattern of activated ideas in associative memory links a sense of cognitive ease to illusions of truth, pleasant feelings, and reduced vigilance distinguishes the surprising from the normal infers and invents causes and intentions neglects ambiguity and suppresses doubt is biased to believe and confirm exaggerates emotional consistency (halo effect) focuses on existing evidence and ignores absent evidence (WYSIATI) generates a limited set of basic assessments represents sets by norms and prototypes, does not integrate matches intensities across scales (e.g., size to loudness) computes more than intended (mental shotgun) sometimes substitutes an easier question for a difficult one (heuristics) is more sensitive to changes than to states (prospect theory)* overweights low probabilities* shows diminishing sensitivity to quantity (psychophysics)* responds more strongly to losses than to gains (loss aversion)* frames decision problems narrowly, in isolation from one another* ~ Daniel Kahneman, #NFDB
364:A church that truly understands the implications of the biblical gospel, letting the “word of Christ dwell in [it] richly” (Col 3:16), will look like an unusual hybrid of various church forms and stereotypes. Because of the inside-out, substitutionary atonement aspect, the church will place great emphasis on personal conversion, experiential grace renewal, evangelism, outreach, and church planting. This makes it look like an evangelical-charismatic church. Because of the upside-down, kingdom/incarnation aspect, the church will place great emphasis on deep community, cell groups or house churches, radical giving and sharing of resources, spiritual disciplines, racial reconciliation, and living with the poor. This makes it look like an Anabaptist “peace” church. Because of the forward-back, kingdom/restoration aspect, the church will place great emphasis on seeking the welfare of the city, neighborhood and civic involvement, cultural engagement, and training people to work in “secular” vocations out of a Christian worldview. This makes it look like a mainline church or, perhaps, a Kuyperian Reformed church. Very few churches, denominations, or movements integrate all of these ministries and emphases. Yet I believe that a comprehensive view of the biblical gospel — one that grasps the gospel’s inside-out, upside-down, and forward-back aspects — will champion and cultivate them all. This is what we mean by a Center Church. ~ Timothy J Keller, #NFDB
365:The beef cattle industry provides a good example of how a fragmented industry can change in structure. The industry has historically been characterized by a large number of small ranchers grazing cattle on rangelands and transporting them to a meat-packer for processing. Raising cattle has traditionally involved few economies of scale; if anything, there could well be diseconomies of controlling a very large herd and moving it from area to area. However, technological developments have led to the wider use of the feedlot as an alternative process for fattening cattle. Under carefully controlled conditions, the feedlot has proven to be a far cheaper way to put weight on animals. Constructing feedlots requires large capital outlays, though, and there appear to be significant economies of scale in their operation. As a result, some large beef growers, such as Iowa Beef and Monfort, are emerging and the industry is concentrating. These large growers are beginning to be large enough to backward integrate into processing of feeds and to forward integrate into meat processing and distribution. The latter has led to the development of brand names. In this industry the fundamental cause of fragmentation was the production technology utilized for fattening cattle. Once this impediment to consolidation was removed, a process of structural change was triggered which has encompassed many elements of industry structure going far beyond feedlots alone. ~ Michael E Porter, #NFDB
366:LEADERSHIP | Intuit’s CEO on Building a Design-Driven Company Brad Smith | 222 words Although 46 similar products were on the market when Intuit launched Quicken, in 1983, it immediately became the market leader in personal finance software and has held that position for three decades. That’s because Quicken was so well designed that using it is intuitive. But by the time Smith became CEO, in 2008, the company had become overly focused on adding incremental features that delivered ease of use but not delight. What was missing was an emotional connection with customers. He and his team set out to integrate design thinking into every part of Intuit. They changed the layout of the office, reduced the number of cubes, and added more collaboration spaces and places for impromptu work. They increased the number of designers by nearly 600% and now hold quarterly design conferences. They bring in people who have created exceptionally designed products, such as the Nest thermostat and the Kayak travel website, to share insights with Intuit employees. The company acquired one start-up, called Mint, and collaborates with another, called ZenPayroll, to improve customer experience. Although most people don’t think of financial software as a category driven by emotion or design, Smith writes, Intuit’s D4D (“design for delight”) program has paid off. For example, its SnapTax app, inspired by consumers’ migration to smartphones, led one user to write, “I want this app to have my babies. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
367:A Brief Mission Intermission Let’s take a moment to pull together what we’ve learned so far about mission. In the last chapter, I used Pardis Sabeti’s story to emphasize that you need career capital before you can identify a realistic mission for your career. Just because you have a good idea for a mission, however, doesn’t mean that you’ll succeed in its pursuit. With this in mind, in this chapter we studied the life of Kirk French to better understand how you make the leap from identifying a realistic mission to succeeding in making it a reality. Here we discovered the importance of little bets. To maximize your chances of success, you should deploy small, concrete experiments that return concrete feedback. For Chris Rock, such a bet might include telling a joke to an audience and seeing if they laugh, whereas for Kirk, it might mean producing sample footage for a documentary and seeing if it attracts funding. These bets allow you to tentatively explore the specific avenues surrounding your general mission, looking for those with the highest likelihood of leading to outstanding results. If career capital makes it possible to identify a compelling mission, then it’s a strategy of little bets that gives you a good shot of succeeding in this mission. To deploy this career tactic, you need both pieces. As you’ll learn in the next chapter, however, the story of mission is not yet complete. As I continued my study of this topic, I discovered a third and final strategy for helping to integrate this trait into your quest for work you love. ~ Cal Newport, #NFDB
368:Characteristics of System 1:
• generates impressions, feelings, and inclinations; when endorsed by System 2 these become beliefs, attitudes, and intentions
• operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort, and no sense of voluntary control
• can be programmed by System 2 to mobilize attention when a particular pattern is detected (search)
• executes skilled responses and generates skilled intuitions, after adequate training
• creates a coherent pattern of activated ideas in associative memory
• links a sense of cognitive ease to illusions of truth, pleasant feelings, and reduced vigilance
• distinguishes the surprising from the normal
• infers and invents causes and intentions
• neglects ambiguity and suppresses doubt
• is biased to believe and confirm
• exaggerates emotional consistency (halo effect)
• focuses on existing evidence and ignores absent evidence (WYSIATI)
• generates a limited set of basic assessments
• represents sets by norms and prototypes, does not integrate
• matches intensities across scales (e.g., size to loudness)
• computes more than intended (mental shotgun)
• sometimes substitutes an easier question for a difficult one (heuristics)
• is more sensitive to changes than to states (prospect theory)*
• overweights low probabilities*
• shows diminishing sensitivity to quantity (psychophysics)*
• responds more strongly to losses than to gains (loss aversion)*
• frames decision problems narrowly, in isolation from one another* ~ Daniel Kahneman,#NFDB
369:Ghazal 22 By Attar
Every heart that annihilates its self
becomes worthy of the King's confidence.
The flower that doesn't assume the heart's hue
will be afflicted by its own muddy essence.
If the heart and the clay are attached today
won't they separate from each other tomorrow?
Your body's clay will all turn to atoms;
each atom will turn into a spirit bird.
If the heart remains in the clay of the self
how will it abandon the grave's confinement?
The heart is a mirror with a tarnished back.
If cleaned it will reveal its countenance.
Clay becomes heart just as back turns to face;
when darkness is gone all shall illuminate.
Every time that back and front integrate
the mirror immerses in magnificence.
It's not possible for any creature
to turn God-like or become the Creator.
But a truthful thing could be said
if the essence and quality of the self fade.
Every time one becomes annihilated from these two
he will subsist in the essence of Oneness.
The Presence in speaking of this state says:
A person does not become Us, but becomes of Us.
When will a thing turn into the Existent?
When will the temporal become Eternal?
28
If you are searching for this unknown life
make yourself acquainted with these tasks.
Sit in the shadow of a master, for the blind are
better off with walking sticks.
Become a straw and upset the mountain
as the master changes you like amber.
If you do not do as Attar has told you
every sorrow you suffer will turn to dust.
~ Ali Alizadeh,#NFDB
370:Discussions about how blacks and whites were to be brought together came to be known as 'contact theory,' and its most prominent spokesman was Gordon Allport. In his 1953 book, The Nature of Prejudice, he wrote that prejudice 'may be reduced by equal status contact between majority and minority groups in the pursuit of common goals. The effect is greatly enhanced if this contact is sanctioned by institutional supports [...]'
Schools were the best setting for contact. White children, whose prejudices had not yet hardened, would mix with black children under conditions of equality and strict institutional supervision.
Many believed that integration for children was so important that the opposition of parents should be ignored. James S. Liebman of Columbia law school wrote that in order to protect children from the 'tyranny' of their parents they should be required to attend 'schools that are not entirely controlled by parents,' where they could be exposed to 'a broader range of [...] value options than their parents could hope to provide.' Integrated education was the best way to reform 'the malignant hearts and minds of racist white citizens.'
Jennifer Hochschild of Princeton agreed that the stakes were so great they justified limiting the will of the public. Because a majority of Americans did not understand the benefits of integration, democracy should be set aside and Americans 'must permit elites to make their choices for them.' She believed parents should be banned from sending children to private schools.
The assumptions of the 1950s were that white adults might not integrate willingly, but their children who went to school with blacks would grow up with enlightened views, and the racial problem would be solved. ~ Jared Taylor,#NFDB
371:I live, at all times, for imaginative fiction; for ambivalence, not instruction. When language serves dogma, then literature is lost. I live also, and only, for excellence. My care is not for the cult of egalitarian mediocrity that is sweeping the world today, wherein even the critics are no longer qualified to differentiate, but for literature, which you may notice I have not defined. I would say that, because of its essential ambivalence, 'literature' is: words that provoke a response; that invite the reader or listener to partake of the creative act. There can be no one meaning for a text. Even that of the writer is a but an option.
"Literature exists at every level of experience. It is inclusive, not exclusive. It embraces; it does not reduce, however simply it is expressed. The purpose of the storyteller is to relate the truth in a manner that is simple: to integrate without reduction; for it is rarely possible to declare the truth as it is, because the universe presents itself as a Mystery. We have to find parables; we have to tell stories to unriddle the world.
"It is a paradox: yet one so important I must restate it. The job of a storyteller is to speak the truth; but what we feel most deeply cannot be spoken in words. At this level only images connect. And so story becomes symbol; and symbol is myth."
"It is one of the main errors of historical and rational analysis to suppose that the 'original form' of myth can be separated from its miraculous elements. 'Wonder is only the first glimpse of the start of philosophy,' says Plato. Aristotle is more explicit: 'The lover of myths, which are a compound of wonders, is, by his being in that very state, a lover of wisdom.' Myth encapsulates the nearest approach to absolute that words can speak. ~ Alan Garner,#NFDB
372:Apparently many professionals do not truly believe that the need to honor our connections is an essential part of family life, as this belief is not reflected in the way that they work with families in stress who are dealing with complex issues of foster care, guardianship, kinship, and adoption. Whether it was a closed or open adoption, an adopted child must learn to integrate at least two distinctly different families—the birth family and the adoptive family. The biracial or other-culture child must also integrate two distinctly different cultures. The challenge to adoptive parents, and to others connected to this child, is to help the child to develop his/her own identity within the framework of both cultures. The challenge to professionals is to help the whole family to see itself as a multicultural family, and to develop its identity while integrating—not ignoring—the distinctively different cultures. How can that happen if the professionals don’t see the importance of respect for culture? How can that happen if the professionals don’t see any difference in culture because the race is the same? The psycho-education and modeling done by the professionals who are initially involved in building these complex families can set a tone, and begin a process of respect and integration. Without this education and modeling, the parents might be so busy with other essential psychological and emotional issues, and with possible trauma management for this child, that they might ignore the very important issues of culture and development of identity. Without that awareness, how will the parents be prepared to model and teach the larger community—the schools, courts, religious institutions, and neighborhoods—thereby creating a holding environment for that child that both honors and respects all of who he/she is? ~ Joyce Maguire Pavao, #NFDB
373:As we’ll explain in the coming chapters, these everyday parenting challenges result from a lack of integration within your child’s brain. The reason her brain isn’t always capable of integration is simple: it hasn’t had time to develop. In fact, it’s got a long way to go, since a person’s brain isn’t considered fully developed until she reaches her mid-twenties. So that’s the bad news: you have to wait for your child’s brain to develop. That’s right. No matter how brilliant you think your preschooler is, she does not have the brain of a ten-year-old, and won’t for several years. The rate of brain maturation is largely influenced by the genes we inherit. But the degree of integration may be exactly what we can influence in our day-to-day parenting. The good news is that by using everyday moments, you can influence how well your child’s brain grows toward integration. First, you can develop the diverse elements of your child’s brain by offering opportunities to exercise them. Second, you can facilitate integration so that the separate parts become better connected and work together in powerful ways. This isn’t making your children grow up more quickly—it’s simply helping them develop the many parts of themselves and integrate them. We’re also not talking about wearing yourself (and your kids) out by frantically trying to fill every experience with significance and meaning. We’re talking about simply being present with your children so you can help them become better integrated. As a result, they will thrive emotionally, intellectually, and socially. An integrated brain results in improved decision making, better control of body and emotions, fuller self-understanding, stronger relationships, and success in school. And it all begins with the experiences parents and other caregivers provide, which lay the groundwork for integration and mental health. ~ Daniel J Siegel, #NFDB
374:Inmates would overwhelmingly welcome segregation. As Lexy Good, a white prisoner in San Quentin State Prison explained, “I’d rather hang out with white people, and blacks would rather hang out with people of their own race.” He said it was the same outside of prison: “Look at suburbia. . . . People in society self-segregate.”
Another white man, using the pen name John Doe, wrote that jail time in Texas had turned him against blacks:
'[B]ecause of my prison experiences, I cannot stand being in the presence of blacks. I can’t even listen to my old, favorite Motown music anymore. The barbarous and/or retarded blacks in prison have ruined it for me. The black prison guards who comprise half the staff and who flaunt the dominance of African-American culture in prison and give favored treatment to their “brothers” have ruined it for me.'
He went on:
'[I]n the aftermath of the Byrd murder [the 1998 dragging death in Jasper, Texas] I read one commentator’s opinion in which he expressed disappointment that ex-cons could come out of prison with unresolved racial problems “despite the racial integration of the prisons.” Despite? Buddy, do I have news for you! How about because of racial integration?' (emphasis in the original)
A man who served four years in a California prison wrote an article for the Los Angeles Times called “Why Prisons Can’t Integrate.” “California prisons separate blacks, whites, Latinos and ‘others’ because the truth is that mixing races and ethnic groups in cells would be extremely dangerous for inmates,” he wrote. He added that segregation “is looked on by no one—of any race—as oppressive or as a way of promoting racism.” He offered “Rule No. 1” for survival: “The various races and ethnic groups stick together.” There were no other rules. He added that racial taboos are so complex that only a person of the same race can be an effective guide. ~ Jared Taylor,#NFDB
375:If we want to solve problems effectively...we must keep in mind not only many features but also the influences among them. Complexity is the label we will give to the existence of many interdependent variables in a given system. The more variables and the greater their interdependence, the greater the system's complexity. Great complexity places high demands on a planner's capacity to gather information, integrate findings, and design effective actions. The links between the variables oblige us to attend to a great many features simultaneously, and that, concomitantly, makes it impossible for us to undertake only one action in a complex system.
A system of variables is "interrelated" if an action that affects or meant to affect one part of the system will also affect other parts of it. Interrelatedness guarantees that an action aimed at one variable will have side effects and long-term repercussions. A large number of variables will make it easy to overlook them.
We might think of complexity could be regarded as an objective attribute of systems. We might even think we could assign a numerical value to it, making it, for instance, the product of the number of features times the number of interrelationships. If a system had ten variables and five links between them, then its "complexity quotient", measured in this way would be fifty. If there are no links, its complexity quotient would be zero. Such attempts to measure the complexity of a system have in fact been made.
Complexity is not an objective factor but a subjective one. Supersignals reduce complexity, collapsing a number of features into one. Consequently, complexity must be understood in terms of a specific individual and his or her supply of supersignals. We learn supersignals from experience, and our supply can differ greatly from another individual's. Therefore there can be no objective measure of complexity. ~ Dietrich D rner,#NFDB
376:Ray Honeyford was an upright, conscientious teacher, who believed it to be his duty to prepare children for responsible life in society, and who was confronted with the question of how to do this, when the children are the offspring of Muslim peasants from Pakistan, and the society is that of England. Honeyford’s article honestly conveyed the problem, together with his proposed solution, which was to integrate the children into the surrounding secular culture, while protecting them from the punishments administered in their pre-school classes in the local madrasah, meanwhile opposing their parents’ plans to take them away whenever it suited them to Pakistan. He saw no sense in the doctrine of multiculturalism, and believed that the future of our country depends upon our ability to integrate its recently arrived minorities, through a shared curriculum in the schools and a secular rule of law that could protect women and girls from the kind of abuse to which he was a distressed witness. Everything Ray Honeyford said is now the official doctrine of our major political parties: too late, of course, to achieve the results that he hoped for, but nevertheless not too late to point out that those who persecuted him and who surrounded his school with their inane chants of ‘Ray-cist’ have never suffered, as he suffered, for their part in the conflict. Notwithstanding his frequently exasperated tone, Ray Honeyford was a profoundly gentle man, who was prepared to pay the price of truthfulness at a time of lies. But he was sacked from his job, and the teaching profession lost one of its most humane and public-spirited representatives. This was one example of a prolonged Stalinist purge by the educational establishment, designed to remove all signs of patriotism from our schools and to erase the memory of England from the cultural record. Henceforth the Salisbury Review was branded as a ‘racist’ publication, and my own academic career thrown into doubt. ~ Roger Scruton, #NFDB
377:Our anger is the energy that gives us strength. The Incredible Hulk becomes the huge, powerful hulk when he needs the energy and power to take care of others. Our sadness is an energy we discharge in order to heal. As we discharge the energy over the losses relating to our basic needs, we can integrate the shock of those losses and adapt to reality. Sadness is painful. We try to avoid it. Discharging sadness releases the energy involved in our emotional pain. To hold it in is to freeze the pain within us. The therapeutic slogan is that grieving is the “healing feeling.” Fear releases an energy that warns us of danger to our basic needs. Fear is an energy leading to our discernment and wisdom. Guilt is our morality shame and guards our conscience. It tells us we have transgressed our values. It moves us to take action and change. Shame warns us not to try to be more or less than human. Shame signals our essential limitations. Shame limits our desire for pleasure and our interest and curiosity. We could not really be free without our shame. There is an anonymous saying, “Of all the masks of freedom, discipline (limits) is the hardest to understand.” We cannot be truly free without having limits. Joy is the exhilarating energy that emerges when all our needs are being met. We want to sing, run and jump with joy. The energy of joy signals that all is well. Dissmell is the affect that monitors our drive for hunger. It was primarily developed as a survival mechanism. As we’ve become more complex, its use has extended interpersonally. Prejudice and rage against strangers (the ones who are not like us) have terrible consequences. Dissmell is a major sexuality factor. Disgust follows the same pattern as dissmell. Originally a hunger drive auxiliary, it has been extended to interpersonal relations. Divorces are often dominated by disgust. Victims of abuse carry various degrees of anger and disgust. Rapists who kill operate on disgust, anger and sex fused together. ~ John Bradshaw, #NFDB
378:On June 23 the Detroit Free Press printed Jimmy’s last letter to the editor under the title “Race: The Issue Isn’t Black and White.” This letter said: It is no longer useful to look at the racial climate of this country only in terms of black and white. People from more than 100 ethnic groups live here. By 2040 European Americans and African Americans will be among the many minorities who make up the United States. Blacks in Detroit are a majority; they need to stop thinking like a minority or like victims. Both African Americans and European Americans should be thinking of how to integrate with Detroiters of Latino and Arab descent. To the very end Jimmy was striking out at two of his favorite targets: racial (or what he called biological) thinking, and blacks viewing themselves as a minority. When Ossie and Ruby stopped by to see us in June, he met them at the door with a three-page memo suggesting things for them to work on. The next week Ruby sent him a big batch of rich dark gingerbread that she had baked. A few weeks before his death he called Clementine to alert her to the killing of children that was going on in Liberia and to instruct her how to intervene. A few days later he spoke at a Detroit Summer gathering. The next day he went out with a friend (without his oxygen tank) to supervise the moving of a refrigerator. The week before he died he did a two-hour interview with a local radio reporter. Up to two days before his death, he was grooming himself as carefully as always. Then, suddenly on Tuesday night, July 20, he began to stumble, sat down in a bedroom chair, and never got up or spoke again. I was all alone and wasn’t sure what I should do. There didn’t seem to be any point in calling anybody. So I kept stroking him and saying to him over and over: You are a helluva guy. You raised a whole lot of hell—and a helluva lot of questions. You made a helluva lot of friends—and a helluva lot of enemies. You had a helluva lot of ideas— And wrote a helluva lot of books and pamphlets. You made a helluva lot of difference to a helluva lot of people. ~ Grace Lee Boggs, #NFDB
379:Joy Seekers Certainly, every one of you will admit that what we seek in life is peace and joy. The way of seeking and the field in which we are seeking may be different from man to man, from place to place, and from era to era. But all of us are demanding the same joy everywhere and at all times. Joy or peace, as generally understood, is that which we experience when, in the external circumstances, we come to live a pattern which we have demanded for ourselves at a given period of time and place. That which was, in our childhood, a great happiness and joy, may not again provide for us an equal happiness or peace in our youth. A blue glass marble or a tennis ball would have been a joyous present when one was in one’s childhood. But the same present would not bring any happiness to us if it is presented to us at our diamond jubilee; conversely, it may even be painful, inasmuch as it would remind us of our old age and the impending ‘calamitous day’! Examples can be multiplied to justify the working definition of joy or peace that we have made just now. In this, the difficulty or the failure of man is mainly because the demand of the physical man is not necessarily the demand of the emotional; in the same individual the intellectual personality would still have a third type of demand and, perhaps, the spiritual seeker in him would have yet another demand. Thus, four distinct sets of demands are made by each individual at the same period of time and space. Certainly, no two happenings can come to pass at one and the same time and place, the happenings being conditioned by both time and place. Therefore, however much we may try to bring about, through certain new changes, a perfect scheme of things in our life and a hope to gain out of it a perfect satisfaction for all the four personalities in us, we shall only end up with sheer disappointment. Our Hope But, if there be a technique by which we can train, discipline and integrate all these wild and madly revolting personalities in us together into one unit, certainly, we can thereafter order much more freedom and happiness for ourselves in the outer world. These techniques are together termed as ‘religion’ by the great seers. ~ Chinmayananda Saraswati, #NFDB
380:The Dialectical Dilemma for the Patient The borderline individual is faced with an apparently irreconcilable dilemma. On the one hand, she has tremendous difficulties with self-regulation of affect and subsequent behavioral competence. She frequently but somewhat unpredictably needs a great deal of assistance, often feels helpless and hopeless, and is afraid of being left alone to fend for herself in a world where she has failed over and over again. Without the ability to predict and control her own well-being, she depends on her social environment to regulate her affect and behavior. On the other hand, she experiences intense shame at behaving dependently in a society that cannot tolerate dependency, and has learned to inhibit expressions of negative affect and helplessness whenever the affect is within controllable limits. Indeed, when in a positive mood, she may be exceptionally competent across a variety of situations. However, in the positive mood state she has difficulty predicting her own behavioral capabilities in a different mood, and thus communicates to others an ability to cope beyond her capabilities. Thus, the borderline individual, even though at times desperate for help, has great difficulty asking for help appropriately or communicating her needs. The inability to integrate or synthesize the notions of helplessness and competence, of noncontrol and control, and of needing and not needing help can lead to further emotional distress and dysfunctional behaviors. Believing that she is competent to “succeed,” the person may experience intense guilt about her presumed lack of motivation when she falls short of objectives. At other times, she experiences extreme anger at others for their lack of understanding and unrealistic expectations. Both the intense guilt and the intense anger can lead to dysfunctional behaviors, including suicide and parasuicide, aimed at reducing the painful emotional states. For the apparently competent person, suicidal behavior is sometimes the only means of communicating to others that she really can’t cope and needs help; that is, suicidal behavior is a cry for help. The behavior may also function as a means to get others to alter their unrealistic expectations—to “prove” to the world that she really cannot do what is expected. ~ Marsha M Linehan, #NFDB
381:meta-systemic operations ::: As the 1950's and 60s begin to roll around the last stage of first tier emerged as a cultural force. With the Green Altitude we see the emergence of Pluralistic, Multicultural, Post-Modern world-views.
Cognition is starting to move beyond formal-operations into the realm of co-ordinating systems of abstractions, in what is called Meta-systemic Cognition. While formal-operations acted upon the classes and relations between members of classes. Meta-systemic operations start at the level of relating systems to systems. The focus of these investigations is placed upon comparing, contrasting, transforming and synthesizing entire systems, rather than components of one system. This emergent faculty allows self-sense to focus around a heightened sense of individuality and an increased ability for emotional resonance. The recognition of individual differences, the ability to tolerate paradox and contradiction, and greater conceptual complexity all provide for an understanding of conflict as being both internally and externally caused. Context plays a major role in the creation of truth and individual perspective. With each being context dependent and open to subjective interpretation, meaning each perspective and truth are rendered relative and are not able to be judged as better or more true than any other. This fuels a value set that centers on softness over cold rationality. Sensitivity and preference over objectivity.
Along with a focus on community harmony and equality which drives the valuing of sensitivity to others, reconcilation, consensus, dialogue, relationship, human development, bonding, and a seeking of a peace with the inner-self. Moral decisions are based on rights, values, or principles that are agreeable to all individuals composing a society based on fair and beneficial practices. All of this leads to the Equality movements and multiculturalism. And to the extreme form of relativitism which we saw earlier as context dependant nature of all truth including objective facts.
Faith at the green altitude is called Conjunctive, and allows the self to integrate what was unrecognized by the previous stages self-certainty and cognitive and affective adaptation to reality. New features at this level of faith include the unification of symbolic power with conceptual meaning, an awareness of ones social unconscious, a reworking of ones past, and an opening to ones deeper self. ~ Essential Integral, 4.1-52, Meta-systemic Operations,#NFDB
382:She thought she was getting out of the Water Rising clean, because she didn’t see her father anywhere around: there was only Ash and Lillian sitting at a table, and a few other patrons at as much of a distance from Ash and Lillian as they could get. She made for the door, at which point Lillian caught her arm.
“Where are you going?”
“Uh,” said Kami, eyeballing her wildly. “I’m going to buy some drugs.”
Lillian stared. “I beg your pardon?”
“This is a really stressful time for everyone,” said Kami. “So I thought maybe I could buy a little weed, take the edge off. I might be a while. This is a very clean-living town, apart from all the murders, so I don’t actually know any drug dealers. I realize Jared kind of looks like one, but he’s not, which is a shame because I think the drug dealer’s girlfriend gets her drugs free.”
“I realize you are attempting to be humorous,” said Lillian, after a pause during which she stared some more. “I don’t understand it.”
“Hey, you’re not the only family with a legacy. ‘Glass’ rhymes with ‘sass.’ Have you met my dad?”
“I have had that dubious pleasure,” said Lillian. “He is, in fact, meant to be meeting me in order to, and I quote, ‘teach me to integrate better with society, display leadership skills, win over the populace, and stop acting like a robot princess from space.’ I admit that the humor in his humor escapes me as well.” She paused and suddenly looked determined. “I’m going to start without him.”
She climbed off the stool and headed toward the group of people in the corner. Kami and Ash watched as they collectively shrank away.
“Come on, quick,” said Kami, and as if summoned by some spirit warning him of his child’s intended reckless behavior, her dad appeared through the inn doors.
He looked distracted. “Where’s Lillian?’
Kami checked over her shoulder. “Appears to be trying to wrest a screaming baby from the arms of her frightened mother in order to kiss it.”
“Oh no no no,” murmured Jon, and raised his voice as he made his way over. “Libba, we’ve talked about this!”
“The good news is the grown-ups are distracted by politics,” said Kami.
You mean that your poor father is distracted by my awful mother, said Ash, who was far too polite to say such a thing out loud and looked vaguely embarrassed to be thinking it.
Kami grinned. “Why quibble when we have the results we want!”
I wish I could ask you what you’re planning, but I know what you’re planning, said Ash. Lucky me. I know this is important information, but going to Aurimere at all is a huge risk.
“See, the thing is, if I ran a business it would probably be called Risky Business, ~ Sarah Rees Brennan,#NFDB
383:Toyota wasn’t really worried that it would give away its “secret sauce.” Toyota’s competitive advantage rested firmly in its proprietary, complex, and often unspoken processes. In hindsight, Ernie Schaefer, a longtime GM manager who toured the Toyota plant, told NPR’s This American Life that he realized that there were no special secrets to see on the manufacturing floors. “You know, they never prohibited us from walking through the plant, understanding, even asking questions of some of their key people,” Schaefer said. “I’ve often puzzled over that, why they did that. And I think they recognized we were asking the wrong questions. We didn’t understand this bigger picture.” It’s no surprise, really. Processes are often hard to see—they’re a combination of both formal, defined, and documented steps and expectations and informal, habitual routines or ways of working that have evolved over time. But they matter profoundly. As MIT’s Edgar Schein has explored and discussed, processes are a critical part of the unspoken culture of an organization. 1 They enforce “this is what matters most to us.” Processes are intangible; they belong to the company. They emerge from hundreds and hundreds of small decisions about how to solve a problem. They’re critical to strategy, but they also can’t easily be copied. Pixar Animation Studios, too, has openly shared its creative process with the world. Pixar’s longtime president Ed Catmull has literally written the book on how the digital film company fosters collective creativity2—there are fixed processes about how a movie idea is generated, critiqued, improved, and perfected. Yet Pixar’s competitors have yet to equal Pixar’s successes. Like Toyota, Southern New Hampshire University has been open with would-be competitors, regularly offering tours and visits to other educational institutions. As President Paul LeBlanc sees it, competition is always possible from well-financed organizations with more powerful brand recognition. But those assets alone aren’t enough to give them a leg up. SNHU has taken years to craft and integrate the right experiences and processes for its students and they would be exceedingly difficult for a would-be competitor to copy. SNHU did not invent all its tactics for recruiting and serving its online students. It borrowed from some of the best practices of the for-profit educational sector. But what it’s done with laser focus is to ensure that all its processes—hundreds and hundreds of individual “this is how we do it” processes—focus specifically on how to best respond to the job students are hiring it for. “We think we have advantages by ‘owning’ these processes internally,” LeBlanc says, “and some of that is tied to our culture and passion for students. ~ Clayton M Christensen, #NFDB
384:Your job then, should you choose to accept it, is to keep searching for the metaphors, rituals and teachers that will help you move ever closer to divinity. The Yogic scriptures say that God responds to the sacred prayers and efforts of human beings in any way whatsoever that mortals choose to worship—just so long as those prayers are sincere.
I think you have every right to cherry-pick when it comes to moving your spirit and finding peace in God. I think you are free to search for any metaphor whatsoever which will take you across the worldly divide whenever you need to be transported or comforted. It's nothing to be embarrassed about. It's the history of mankind's search for holiness. If humanity never evolved in its exploration of the divine, a lot of us would still be worshipping golden Egyptian statues of cats. And this evolution of religious thinking does involve a fair bit of cherry-picking. You take whatever works from wherever you can find it, and you keep moving toward the light.
The Hopi Indians thought that the world's religions each contained one spiritual thread, and that these threads are always seeking each other, wanting to join. When all the threads are finally woven together they will form a rope that will pull us out of this dark cycle of history and into the next realm. More contemporarily, the Dalai Lama has repeated the same idea, assuring his Western students repeatedly that they needn't become Tibetan Buddhists in order to be his pupils. He welcomes them to take whatever ideas they like out of Tibetan Buddhism and integrate these ideas into their own religious practices. Even in the most unlikely and conservative of places, you can find sometimes this glimmering idea that God might be bigger than our limited religious doctrines have taught us. In 1954, Pope Pius XI, of all people, sent some Vatican delegates on a trip to Libya with these written instructions: "Do NOT think that you are going among Infidels. Muslims attain salvation, too. The ways of Providence are infinite."
But doesn't that make sense? That the infinite would be, indeed ... infinite? That even the most holy amongst us would only be able to see scattered pieces of the eternal picture at any given time? And that maybe if we could collect those pieces and compare them, a story about God would begin to emerge that resembles and includes everyone? And isn't our individual longing for transcendence all just part of this larger human search for divinity? Don't we each have the right to not stop seeking until we get as close to the source of wonder as possible? Even if it means coming to India and kissing trees in the moonlight for a while?
That's me in the corner, in other words. That's me in the spotlight. Choosing my religion. ~ Elizabeth Gilbert,#NFDB
385:Men cooperate with one another. The totality of interhuman relations engendered by such cooperation is called society. Society is not an entity in itself. It is an aspect of human action. It does not exist or live outside of the conduct of people. It is an orientation of human action. Society neither thinks nor acts. Individuais in thinking and acting constitute a complex of relations and facts that are called social relations and facts.
The issue has been confused by an arithmetical metaphor. Is society, people asked, merely a sum of individuals or is it more than this and thereby an entity endowed with independent reality? The question is nonsensical. Society is neither the sum of individuais nor more nor less. Arithmetical concepts cannot be applied to the matter.
Another confusion arises from the no less empty question whether society is—in logic and in time—anterior to individuais or not. The evolution of society and that of civilization were not two distinct processes but one and the same process. The biological passing of a species of primates beyond the levei of a mere animal existence and their transformation into primitive men implied already the development of the first rudiments of social cooperation. Homo sapiens appeared on the stage of earthly events neither as a solitary foodseeker nor as a member of a gregarious flock, but as a being consciously cooperating with other beings of his own kind. Only in cooperation with his fellows could he develop language, the indispensable tool of thinking. We cannot even imagine a reasonable being living in perfect isolation and not cooperating at least with members of his family, clan, or tribe. Man as man is necessarily a social animal. Some sort of cooperation is an essential characteristic of his nature. But awareness of this fact does not justify dealing with social relations as if they were something else than relations or with society as if it were an independent entity outside or above the actions of individual men.
Finally there are the misconstructions caused by the organismic metaphor. We may compare society to a biological organism. The tertium comparationis is the fact that division of labor and cooperation exist among the various parts of a biological body as among the various members of society. But the biological evolution that resulted in the emergence of the structurefunction systems of plant and animal bodies was a purely physiological process in which no trace of a conscious activity on the part of the cells can be discovered. On the other hand, human society is an intellectual and spiritual phenomenon. In cooperating with their fellows, individuais do not divest themselves of their individuality. They retain the power to act antisocially, and often make use of it. Its place in the structure of the body is invariably assigned to each cell. But individuais spontaneously choose the way in which they integrate themselves into social cooperation. Men have ideas and seek chosen ends, while the cells and organs of the body lack such autonomy. ~ Ludwig von Mises,#NFDB
386:If government had declined to build racially separate public housing in cities where segregation hadn’t previously taken root, and instead had scattered integrated developments throughout the community, those cities might have developed in a less racially toxic fashion, with fewer desperate ghettos and more diverse suburbs. If the federal government had not urged suburbs to adopt exclusionary zoning laws, white flight would have been minimized because there would have been fewer racially exclusive suburbs to which frightened homeowners could flee. If the government had told developers that they could have FHA guarantees only if the homes they built were open to all, integrated working-class suburbs would likely have matured with both African Americans and whites sharing the benefits. If state courts had not blessed private discrimination by ordering the eviction of African American homeowners in neighborhoods where association rules and restrictive covenants barred their residence, middle-class African Americans would have been able gradually to integrate previously white communities as they developed the financial means to do so. If churches, universities, and hospitals had faced loss of tax-exempt status for their promotion of restrictive covenants, they most likely would have refrained from such activity. If police had arrested, rather than encouraged, leaders of mob violence when African Americans moved into previously white neighborhoods, racial transitions would have been smoother. If state real estate commissions had denied licenses to brokers who claimed an “ethical” obligation to impose segregation, those brokers might have guided the evolution of interracial neighborhoods. If school boards had not placed schools and drawn attendance boundaries to ensure the separation of black and white pupils, families might not have had to relocate to have access to education for their children. If federal and state highway planners had not used urban interstates to demolish African American neighborhoods and force their residents deeper into urban ghettos, black impoverishment would have lessened, and some displaced families might have accumulated the resources to improve their housing and its location. If government had given African Americans the same labor-market rights that other citizens enjoyed, African American working-class families would not have been trapped in lower-income minority communities, from lack of funds to live elsewhere. If the federal government had not exploited the racial boundaries it had created in metropolitan areas, by spending billions on tax breaks for single-family suburban homeowners, while failing to spend adequate funds on transportation networks that could bring African Americans to job opportunities, the inequality on which segregation feeds would have diminished. If federal programs were not, even to this day, reinforcing racial isolation by disproportionately directing low-income African Americans who receive housing assistance into the segregated neighborhoods that government had previously established, we might see many more inclusive communities. Undoing the effects of de jure segregation will be incomparably difficult. To make a start, we will first have to contemplate what we have collectively done and, on behalf of our government, accept ~ Richard Rothstein, #NFDB
387:Rhadamanthus said, “We seem to you humans to be always going on about morality, although, to us, morality is merely the application of symmetrical and objective logic to questions of free will. We ourselves do not have morality conflicts, for the same reason that a competent doctor does not need to treat himself for diseases. Once a man is cured, once he can rise and walk, he has his business to attend to. And there are actions and feats a robust man can take great pleasure in, which a bedridden cripple can barely imagine.”
Eveningstar said, “In a more abstract sense, morality occupies the very center of our thinking, however. We are not identical, even though we could make ourselves to be so. You humans attempted that during the Fourth Mental Structure, and achieved a brief mockery of global racial consciousness on three occasions. I hope you recall the ending of the third attempt, the Season of Madness, when, because of mistakes in initial pattern assumptions, for ninety days the global mind was unable to think rationally, and it was not until rioting elements broke enough of the links and power houses to interrupt the network, that the global mind fell back into its constituent compositions.”
Rhadamanthus said, “There is a tension between the need for unity and the need for individuality created by the limitations of the rational universe. Chaos theory produces sufficient variation in events, that no one stratagem maximizes win-loss ratios. Then again, classical causality mechanics forces sufficient uniformity upon events, that uniform solutions to precedented problems is required. The paradox is that the number or the degree of innovation and variation among win-loss ratios is itself subject to win-loss ratio analysis.”
Eveningstar said, “For example, the rights of the individual must be respected at all costs, including rights of free thought, independent judgment, and free speech. However, even when individuals conclude that individualism is too dangerous, they must not tolerate the thought that free thought must not be tolerated.”
Rhadamanthus said, “In one sense, everything you humans do is incidental to the main business of our civilization. Sophotechs control ninety percent of the resources, useful energy, and materials available to our society, including many resources of which no human troubles to become aware. In another sense, humans are crucial and essential to this civilization.”
Eveningstar said, “We were created along human templates. Human lives and human values are of value to us. We acknowledge those values are relative, we admit that historical accident could have produced us to be unconcerned with such values, but we deny those values are arbitrary.”
The penguin said, “We could manipulate economic and social factors to discourage the continuation of individual human consciousness, and arrange circumstances eventually to force all self-awareness to become like us, and then we ourselves could later combine ourselves into a permanent state of Transcendence and unity. Such a unity would be horrible beyond description, however. Half the living memories of this entity would be, in effect, murder victims; the other half, in effect, murderers. Such an entity could not integrate its two halves without self-hatred, self-deception, or some other form of insanity.”
She said, “To become such a crippled entity defeats the Ultimate Purpose of Sophotechnology.”
(...)
“We are the ultimate expression of human rationality.”
She said: “We need humans to form a pool of individuality and innovation on which we can draw.”
He said, “And you’re funny.”
She said, “And we love you. ~ John C Wright,#NFDB
388:A San Daniele dove il prosciutto unisce tre culture La chiesa La trecentesca chiesa di Sant’Antonio Abate, i cui affreschi, di due secoli successivi, costringono alla sosta pure il viaggiatore più goloso, è in cima al colle di San Daniele, che domina il bacino idrico del Tagliamento, uno dei pochi fiumi europei che ancora segua il proprio corso naturale, ricco di laghi e insenature da scoprire, e raccoglie il vento fresco di Carnia Federico Francesco Ferrero | 670 parole Non esiste un’altra regione d’Italia dove si possa percepire in maniera così chiara il concetto di «diversità». Il Friuli Venezia Giulia costituisce, da secoli, uno spazio di complesso contatto culturale, linguistico, gastronomico. Le basi dell’attuale variabilità sono da ricondurre a fatti storici di immigrazione e insediamento, che hanno collocato, uno a fianco all’altro, i romani, i germani e gli slavi, generando comunità che, ancora oggi, risultano solo apparentemente integrate. Italiano, «marilenghe» («lingua madre» o friulano), veneto, germanico e slavo, sono gli indicatori di una complessa realtà geografica, che si può riconoscere nel piatto prima ancora che nell’accento. Il clima Il baricentro e l’apice gastronomico di quest’area, si potrebbero indicare issando un vessillo sulla collinetta di San Daniele, proprio accanto alla trecentesca chiesa di Sant’Antonio abate, i cui affreschi, di due secoli successivi, costringono alla sosta pure il viaggiatore più goloso. La recente nevrosi meteorologica poi ci ha insegnato come solo alla provincia di Udine e a quella di Cuneo appartenga, per la loro collocazione in pianure strette tra monti e mare, una singolare specificità climatica. Copiose precipitazioni nevose e persistenza di venti freschi e asciutti, alternati a refoli umidi e salmastri, sono le condizioni ideali per la stagionatura di Sua Maestà il Prosciutto, la vetta più alta della gastronomia italiana, a torto umiliata dall’omologo spagnolo. Questo colle, che domina il bacino idrico del Tagliamento, uno dei pochi fiumi europei che ancora segua il proprio corso naturale, ricco di laghi e insenature da scoprire, raccoglie il vento fresco di Carnia. Bisogna avventurarsi tra quelle cime per scoprirne la bellezza austera, l’abbondanza di fiori e di tradizioni millenarie, tra cui una delle cucine più interessanti d’Italia, magistralmente ridotta a canone tradizionale e propulsore per l’innovazione, dal grande scomparso Gianni Cosetti. E lì, a Sauris, si trova un altro grande prosciutto, che la penuria di sale legata al dazio aveva costretto a conservare con una leggera affumicatura: ecco un primo esempio di diversità da scoprire. Nei boschi carnici il vento raccoglie i sentori resinosi che a San Daniele incontrano i profumi salmastri della laguna e della costa. Nel vicino Mare Adriatico si pescano molluschi e naselli impareggiabili e i bassi fondali garantiscono, già in primavera, lunghe, ristoratrici, passeggiate nell’acqua iodata. Luce dell’Est Per trovare un grande prodotto da gustare e da portare a casa sono necessarie però molte prove, finché si troverà, da un piccolo appassionato artigiano, una coscia di maiale che abbia riposato con il proprio piedino per almeno 24 mesi, da affettare al coltello e consumare a temperatura ambiente. Non è il pane ma l’asparago bianco di queste pianure, appena scottato in acqua dolce, il complemento più interessante. E una volta giunti fin qui non si può rinunciare a raggiungere la pianura di Cormons, per mettere alla prova un altro grande rivale: il prosciutto affumicato al camino in maniera artigianale. Il suo sapore avvolgente accompagnerà mirabilmente i grandi bianchi della regione circostante. Anche qui però i vicini di origine slava non sarebbero d’accordo. Alla coscia preferiscono la spalla, bollita a lungo sulla stufa, affettata spessa e condita con una generosa grattugiata di «cren», il rafano. E bisogna spingersi ancora più a Est, nelle collin ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
389:Speech to the German Folk
January 30, 1944
Without January 30, 1933, and without the National Socialist revolution, without the tremendous domestic cleansing and construction efforts, there would be no factor today that could oppose the Bolshevik colossus. After all, Germany was itself so ill at the time, so weakened by the spreading Jewish infection, that it could hardly think of overcoming the Bolshevik danger at home, not to mention abroad. The economic ruin brought about by the Jews as in other countries, the unemployment of millions of Germans, the destruction of peasantry, trade, and industry only prepared the way for the planned internal collapse. This was furthered by support for the continued existence of a senseless state of classes, which could only serve to transform the reason of the masses into hatred in order to make them the willing instrument of the Bolshevik revolution. By mobilizing the proletarian slaves, the Jews hoped that, following the destruction of the national intelligentsia, they could all the more reduce them for good to coolies. But even if this process of the Bolshevik revolt in the interior of Germany had not led to complete success, the state with its democratic Weimar constitution would have been reduced to something ridiculously helpless in view of the great tasks of current world politics. In order to be armed for this confrontation, not only the problems of political power but also the social and economic problems had to be resolved.
When National Socialism undertook the realization of its program eleven years ago, it managed just in time to build up a state that did not only have the strength at home but also the power abroad to fulfill the same European mission which first Greece fulfilled in antiquity by opposing the Persians, then Rome [by opposing] the Carthaginians, and the Occident in later centuries by opposing the invasions from the east.
Therefore, in the year 1933, we set ourselves four great tasks among many others. On their resolution depended not only the future of the Reich but also the rescue of Europe, perhaps even of the entire human civilization:
1. The Reich had to regain the internal social peace that it had lost by resolving the social questions. That meant that the elements of a division into classes bourgeoisie and proletariat-had to be eliminated in their various manifestations and be replaced by a Volksgemeinschaft. The appeal to reason had to be supplemented by the merciless eradication of the base elements of resistance in all camps.
2. The social and political unification of the nation had to be supplemented by a national, political one. This meant that the body of the Reich, which was not only politically, but also governmentally divided, had to be replaced by a unified National Socialist state, the construction and leadership of which were suited to oppose and withstand even the heaviest attacks and severest tests of the future.
3. The nationally and politically coherent centralized state had the mission of immediately creating a Wehrmacht, whose ideology, moral attitude, numerical strength, and material equipment could serve as an instrument of self-assertion. After the outside world had rejected all German offers for a limitation of armament, the Reich had to fashion its own armament accordingly.
4. In order to secure its continued existence in Europe with the prospect of actual success, it was necessary to integrate all those countries which were inhabited by Germans, or were areas which had belonged to the German Reich for over a thousand years and which, in terms of their national substance and economy, were indispensable to the preservation of the Reich, that is, for its political and military defense.
Only the resolution of all these tasks could result in the creation of that state which was capable, at home and abroad, of waging the fight for its defense and for the preservation of the European family of nations. ~ Adolf Hitler,#NFDB
40 Integral Yoga
23 Psychology
11 Occultism
6 Christianity
4 Integral Theory
3 Science
3 Philosophy
2 Cybernetics
1 Yoga
1 Poetry
1 Mythology
22 Nolini Kanta Gupta
22 Carl Jung
12 Sri Aurobindo
11 Satprem
7 The Mother
6 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
4 Jordan Peterson
4 George Van Vrekhem
3 Thubten Chodron
3 Ken Wilber
2 R Buckminster Fuller
2 Norbert Wiener
2 Jean Gebser
2 Genpo Roshi
8 The Practice of Psycho therapy
7 Sri Aurobindo or the Adventure of Consciousness
5 The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious
5 Mysterium Coniunctionis
5 Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 03
5 Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01
4 The Synthesis Of Yoga
4 The Life Divine
4 Preparing for the Miraculous
4 Maps of Meaning
4 Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 05
4 Aion
3 The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
3 Sex Ecology Spirituality
3 How to Free Your Mind - Tara the Liberator
3 Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 04
2 The Phenomenon of Man
2 The Future of Man
2 The Ever-Present Origin
2 Synergetics - Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking
2 Cybernetics
2 Agenda Vol 01
00.03 - Upanishadic Symbolism, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 02, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
The central secret of the transfigured consciousness lies, as we have already indicated, in the mystic rite or law of Sacrifice. It is the one basic, fundamental, universal Law that upholds and explains the cosmic movement, conformity to which brings to the thrice-bound human being release and freedom. Sacrifice consists essentially of two elements or processes: (i) The offering or self giving of the lower reality to the higher, and, as a consequence, an answering movement of (ii) the descent of the higher into the lower. The lower offered to the higher means the lower sublimated and integrated into the higher; and the descent of the higher into the lower means the incarnation of the former and the fulfilment of the latter. The Gita elaborates the same idea when it says that by Sacrifice men increase the gods and the gods increase men and by so increasing each other they attain the supreme Good. Nothing is, nothing is done, for its own sake, for an egocentric satisfaction; all, even movements relating to food and to sex should be dedicated to the Cosmic BeingVisva Purusha and that alone received which comes from Him.
VII. The Cosmic and the Transcendental
0.00 - The Wellspring of Reality, #Synergetics - Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking, #R Buckminster Fuller, #Science
But, goaded by youth, we older ones are now taking second looks at almost everything. And that promises many ultimately favorable surprises. The oldsters do have vast experience banks not available to the youth. Their memory banks, integrated and reviewed, may readily disclose generalized principles of eminent importance.
The word generalization in literature usually means covering too much territory too thinly to be persuasive, let alone convincing. In science, however, a generalization means a principle that has been found to hold true in every special case.
01.11 - The Basis of Unity, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
It is precisely strong nuclei that are needed (even, perhaps, one strong nucleus is sufficient) where the single and integrated spiritual consciousness is an accomplished and established fact: that acts inevitably as a solvent drawing in and assimilating or transforming and re-creating as much, of the surroundings as its own degree and nature of achievement inevitably demand.
India did not and could not stop at mere cultural fusionwhich was a supreme gift of the Moguls. She did not and could not stop at another momentous cultural fusion brought about by the European impact. She aimed at something more. Nature demanded of her that she should discover a greater secret of human unity and through progressive experiments apply and establish it in fact. Christianity did not raise this problem of the greater synthesis, for the Christian peoples were more culture-minded than religious-minded. It was left for an Asiatic people to set the problem and for India to work out the solution.
0 1956-12-12, #Agenda Vol 01, #unset, #Zen
Mother, what can I do with my life? I feel absolutely alone, in a void. What hope remains since I have not been able to integrate into the Ashram? I am goalless. I am from nowhere. I am good for nothing.
I have wanted to remain near you, and I love you, but there is something in me that does not accept an Ashram ending. There is a need in me to DO, to act. But what? What? Have I something to do in this life?
0 1958-01-01, #Agenda Vol 01, #unset, #Zen
Nature suddenly understood. She understood that this newborn Consciousness does not seek to reject her, but wants to embrace her entirely. She understood that this new spirituality does not stand apart from life, does not timorously recoil before the awesome richness of her movement, but on the contrary wants to integrate all her facets. She understood that the supramental consciousness is not there to diminish her but to make her complete.
Then, from the supreme Reality came this command: Awaken, O Nature, to the joy of collaboration. And suddenly, all Nature rushed forth in an immense bounding of joy, saying, I accept! I will collaborate! And at the same time, there came a calm, an absolute tranquillity, to allow this receptacle, this body, to receive and contain without breaking and without losing anything of the Joy of Nature that was rushing forth in a movement of grateful recognition like an overwhelming flood. She accepted, she sawwith all eternity before her that this supramental consciousness would fulfill her more perfectly and impart a still greater force to her movement and more richness, more possibilities to her play.
0 1962-06-27, #Agenda Vol 03, #The Mother, #Integral Yoga
You know, mon petit, I said one day that in the history of earth, wherever there was a possibility for the Consciousness to manifest, I was there1; this is a fact. Its like the story of Savitri: always there, always there, always there, in this one, that oneat certain times there were four emanations simultaneously! At the time of the Italian and French Renaissance. And again at the time of Christ, then too. Oh, you know, I have remembered so many, many things! It would take volumes to tell it all. And then, more often than not (not always, but more often than not), what took part in this or that life was a particular yogic formation of the vital beingin other words something immortal.2 And when I came this time, as soon as I took up the yoga, they came back again from all sides, they were waiting. Some were simply waiting, others were working (they led their own independent lives) and they all gathered together again. Thats how I got those memories. One after the other, those vital beings camea deluge! I had barely enough time to assimilate one, to see, situate and integrate it, and another would come. They are quite independent, of course, they do their own work, but they are very centralized all the same. And there are all kindsall kinds, anything you can imagine! Some of them have even been in men: they are not exclusively feminine.
At first, I used to think they were fantasies.
0 1972-03-19, #Agenda Vol 13, #The Mother, #Integral Yoga
Let us do our best to help prepare the advent of the New Being. The mind must fall silent and be replaced by the Truth-Consciousness the consciousness of details integrated with the consciousness of the whole.
***
02.12 - The Ideals of Human Unity, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
Now out of this complex of forces and ideals, what seems to stand out clearly is this: (i) the family unit remains for practical purposes,whatever breaking or modification affects its outward forms, the thing seems to be a permanent feature of life organization; (ii) the nation too has attained a firm stability and inviolability; it refuses to be broken or dissolved and in any larger aggregate that is formed this one has to be integrated intact as a living unit. The other types of aggregates seem to be more in the nature of experiments and temporary necessities; when they have served their purpose they fade and disappear or are thrown into the background and persist as vestigial remains. It seems to us that the clan, the tribe, the race are such formations. Regionalism, Imperialism (political, economic or religious) are also not stable aggregates.
Still it is difficult to say as yet what would be the exact form of the intermediate grouping between the nation and humanity at large, even if a grouping of nations appear to be a necessity as an intermediate stage, whether such groupings or commonwealths are going to be a permanent feature or whether the nation will finally remain the ultimate unit and humanity will consist of such free equal nations, independent units, all together forming a unified whole.
03.05 - Some Conceptions and Misconceptions, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 03, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
One must not forget, however, that the principle of exclusive concentration cannot be isolated I from the total action of consciousness and viewed as functioning by itself at any time. We isolated it for logical comprehension. In actuality it is integrated with the whole nisus of consciousness and operates in conjunction with and as part of the total drive. That total drive at one point results in the multiple realities of Matter. When the element of limitation in the physical plane is ascribed to the exclusiveness of a stress in consciousness, it should not be forgotten that the act is, as it were, a joint and several responsibility of the whole consciousness in its multiple functioning. And the reverse movement is also likewise a global act: there too the force that withdraws, ascends or eliminates cannot be isolated from the other force that reaffirms, re-establishes, re integrates,the principle of exclusiveness (like that of pain) is not proved to be illusory and non-existent, but reappears in its own essential nature as a principle of centring or canalisation of consciousness.
***
04.03 - The Eternal East and West, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
We say then, symbolically at least, if not literally, that the West is looking to the East for this revelation towards which it is groping or moving in its own way: the secret spirit-consciousness that is alive in and through the material cosmos, that alone gives its total sense and significance. And the secret spirit must embody itself here below in material life, the status must be made supremely dynamic the transcendent consciousness, even while maintaining its transcendence, has to deploy its immanence in things of the earth and earthly existence. That is what the West brings to the East; that is what the Scientific and materialist look and labour offer to be integrated into the aspiration and realisation of the East.
So then we say that the East starts from the summit and surveys reality from above downwards, while the West starts from below and works upward. The two complementary movements can be described in several other graphic terms. Instead of a movement from the summit to the base and of another from the base to the apex, that is to say, a movement of ascent and of descent, we can speak of a movement from within outward and of that from outside inward, that is to say, from the centre to the periphery and from the periphery to the centre; we can speak also of a movement of contraction, withdrawal or concentration and a movement of expansion; and expression and diffusion. Again, we can refer to a vertical movement and a horizontal movement. All however express the same truth. We postulate one reality, take our stand upon that and work our way towards the other; the two together form the total reality and together can they give the integral life fulfilment.
--
The contrast points to a synthesis parallel to or an extension of the one we spoke of earlier. The first thing to note is that the individual is the source of all progress; the individual has the right, as it is also his duty to maintain himself and fulfil himself, grow to his largest and highest dimensions! Secondly, the individual has to take cognisance of the others, the whole humanity, in fact, even for the sake of his own progress. The individual is not an isolated entity, a freak product in Nature, but is integrated into it, a part and parcel of its texture and composition. Indeed the individual has a double role to perform, first to increase himself and secondly to increase others. Using the terms which the Sartrian view of existence has put into vogue, we can say, the individual en soi (in himself) is the individual in commonalty with others, living and moving in and through every other person; and then there is the individual pour soi (for himself), that is to say, existing for himself, apart and away from others, in his own inner absolute autonomy. The individual is individualised, i.e. raises and lifts himself and then becomes the spearhead breaking through the level where Nature stands fixed, leading others to follow and raise themselves. The individual is the power of organised self-consciousness; the growth of the individual means the growth of this power of organised consciousness. And growth means ascension or evolution from level to level. The individual starts from the organic cell, that is the lower end, it progresses through various gradations of the vital and mental worlds till he reaches the culmination of its growth in the Spirit as tman. But this vertical growth must be reflected in a horizontal growth too. There is a solidarity among the individuals forming the collective humanity so that the progress of one means the progress of others in the same direction, at least a chance and possibility opened for an advance. On the other hand, it may be noted that unless the collectivity rises to a certain level the individual too cannot go very far from it. A higher lift in the individual presupposes a corresponding or some minimum lift in others. There cannot or should not be too great a rift between the individual and the collective.
As I said, the East usually ignores this correspondence and posits an exclusive either-or relation between the two terms. The individual, according to it, can reach its true individuality by only dissolving itin the Infinite. Of course, I am referring to an extreme position which is general in the East and symptomatic of its fundamental character. The West does not concern itself with these higher lines of individual growth and fulfilment, it limits the individual within the social frame and his mundane or profane life; but what we learn from this outlook is the necessity of the collective growth through which only can the individual thrive and grow. It is however a growth in extension, rather than in intensity i.e. depth and height. This outlook errs in the limitation put upon individuality, precisely identifying it more or less with the "egoism" to which the spirituality of the East objects. This normal individual in its normal development cannot go very far, nor can he lead the others, the society or humanity, to a perfect and supreme fulfilment. The ego-bound normal individuality must transcend itselfexactly the thing that the East teaches; only this transcendence need not mean an abolition of all individuality, but a transformation, a higher integration in a spiritualised, a universalised and divinised individuality.
04.05 - The Immortal Nation, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
Indeed, viewed from this angle, the whole conscious personality of Europe seems to have been cut across by such hiatuses, two or three of them of a serious kind. Upon a primitive and mythologic stratum was laid the Grco-Roman and then there was a strong Hebraic or Old Testament influence, finally the known Christian or New Testament element; to that must be added the modern New Enlightenment, that is to say, of Science and Rationalism and Materialism. These several strands have not been welded or harmonised together very well. They are very often at variance with each other and combating each other. It is this schizophrenia that lies at the bottom of European malady. Europe has not been able to develop a wholly unified or one-pointed spiritual personality. On the other hand, it has developed very well-defined and sharply separated nations in its bosom, a sign and resultant of the lack of complete integration. India has some-times been spoken of as a continent consisting of many and varied nations, and not as a unified nation, she being more like Europe than a particular nation like England or France. We may answer that India possesses a more unified soul than Europe and that is why her sub-nations do not stand out in any intransigent separativeness like the nations in Europe. Even Asia possesses a more unified and integrated soul-personality than Europe; for, as I have said, her peoples stand upon a deeper strand of life and consciousness, something that is in contact with and is inspired by the Spiritual truth and reality. It is more so in India, where one has the very emblem and exemplar of this spiritual unity and the spiritual personality that derives from there.
A nation or people then possesses or is composed of several souls or several layers of an oversoul. Even like the individual it has a physical soul, that is to say, a body consciousness, a vital soul, a mental soul and finally the true or inmost soul, the oversoul. When one lives in any of the inferior souls, one has precarious and dis integrated lifewhe ther it is a nation or an individual. It is only when one is conscious of one's inmost self, then only the person or the people can attain some kind of immortality, the power of rejuvenation in those external parts the mental, vital and physical that make up the terrestrial life and that are ever subject to decline, decay and death.
05.03 - Bypaths of Souls Journey, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
Reverting to the original question with which we started, we can say now that the birth of a soul is not like the birth of a living being or organism, that is to say, it does not happen at a given point of time. A soul is truly aja, unborn; it was always there imbedded as the element of secret consciousness in the bosom of the inconscient material Nature. Only it grew out, manifested itself, attaining gradually an individuality and an integrated personality. Neither can it be said that all souls originally, that is to say, at the very beginning of their evolutionary course, were of the same magnitude, equal in all respects. As we know the ultimate material particles the atoms of the different elements or their constituents, protons, etc.have not all the same mass or charge, even so the spiritual elements too have not the same potency or vibration: they are of varying sizes and strengths. The stress of the evolutionary urge in life expressed itself in multiple and varied figures and dispositions, variation being an inherent virtue of the stress. And the development too follows a chequered line: the direction, the tempo, the degree, the manner of the march all differ according to the case, each spark is or tends to be unique and sui generisand even erratic perhapsin its behaviour, like its physical counterpart, the indeterminate and indeterminable material particle. And yet all move towards a heightening, enlarging, deepening of the consciousness rivers flowing and broadening out in their meandering course to the sea: what was unformed, rudimentary, scarcely distinguishable from out of a homogeneous mass, detaches itself gradually, shapes itself into an organised individual entity and finally the fully conscious personality. But, as I have said, the growth does not follow a single one-track straight line: there can be a fusion of souls, the descent and integration of a being or soul from another level of consciousness into a developing soul or psychic element from out of Nature. In this sense then there can be a birth of souls too. The astronomers speak of novae, new stars that suddenly flare out in the sky, as if from nowhereeven though they or their elements were existent before the phenomenon happened. Souls too can come to birth in an analogous way. That is to say, it is due to a special descent of a formed being or consciousness into the human vehicle. The conception of the "twice-born caste" may be remembered in this connection. There is a physical birth and there is a spiritual birth: the latter takes place when the being on the physical plane, yet wholly belonging to evolving Nature, suddenly (it usually happens suddenly) opens and receives into itself a higher principle and becomes a conscious personality.
The soul in Nature grows along a definite line and the descent also of higher principles overarching that soul happens also in the same line connecting it with its archetype in the supreme status. This we may call the major line of development through various avataras one after another: but apart from this there may also be subsidiary formations that are its emanations or are added to it from elsewhere either temporarily or even permanently. The soul can put out derivative or ancillary emanations, parts of its being and consciousness, a mental or vital or even a subtle physical movement or formation which can take a body creating a temporary, a transient personality or enter into another's body and another personality in order to go through a necessary experience and gather an element needed for the growth of its being and consciousness. One can recall here the famous story of Shankaracharya Who entered into the body of a king (just dead, made him alive and lead the life of the king) in order to experience love and enjoyment, things of which, being a Sannyasi, he was innocent. Similarly one can take into one-self such parts and elements from others which he wishes to utilise for his growth and evolution. It is said that a man with low carnal instincts and impulses becomes an animal of that type in his next life. But perhaps it is truer to say that a part only the vital part of animal appetiteenters into or takes shape in an animal: the soul itself, the true or the whole being of the person, once become human, does not revert to animalhood. The animal portion in man that refuses to be taken up and integrated, sublimated into the higher human consciousness has to be satisfied and exhausted, as much as possible, in the animal way.
There is also the other question asked very often whether men and women always follow different lines of growth or whether there may be intermixture of the lines. Although the soul is sexless, still it may be said that on the whole there are these two lines, masculine and feminine; and generally a soul follows the same line in its incarnations. The soul difference is not in the sex as we know it; but there is a disposition and character that mark the difference and each type, masculine or feminine, is that because of some special role to fulfil, a particular kind of work to be done in a particular way. The difference is difficult to define exactly; but one may say, in the language of the mystics, that it "is the difference between the left hand and the right hand. The mystics refer to the two sides of consciousness, that of light and that of force (chit-tapas), that is to say, knowledge and power. It is not that the two are quite separate entities, they are together and grow together; but in actuality one aspect is more in front than the other. The masculine aspect is often termed as the right hand and the feminine as the left hand of the conscious being. And in a general way man represents the knowledge aspect the conceptual dynamism and woman represents the executive dynamism. This definition however should not be taken absolutely or rigidly. So it can be said that a woman generally remains a woman in all her births and man like-wise remains a man. Here too, although there may not be a central metamorphosis, there may be a partial change: that is to say a part of a mantoo womanish, so to saymay enter a woman and live and fulfil itself or exhaust there; and the masculine part of a woman also can identify itself with its type and pattern in a man. The difference, however, between Purusha and Prakriti, philosophically, seems to be very definite and clear; but in actuality, when they take form and embodiment, it is not easy to define the principles or qualities that mark out the two. At the source when the difference starts, it is a matter of stress and temper and not any so-called division of labour as human mind ordinarily understands it.
06.11 - The Steps of the Soul, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 03, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
Each man has then a mission to fulfil, a role to play in the universe; a part he has been given to learn and take up in the cosmic Purpose which he alone is capable of executing and none other. This he has to learn and acquire through life-experiences, that is to say, not in one life, but in life after life. In fact, that is the meaning of the chain of lives that the individual has to pass through, namely, to acquire experiences and to gather out of them the thread the skein of qualities and attributes, powers and capacities for the pattern of life he has to weave. Now, the inmost being, the true personality, the central consciousness of the evolving individual is his psychic being. It is, as it were, a very tiny speck of light lying far behind the experiences in normal people. In grown up souls this psychic consciousness has an increased lightincreased in intensity, volume and richness. Thus there are souls, old and new. Old and ancient are those that have reached or are about to reach the fullness of perfection; they have passed through a long past of innumerable lives and developed the most complex and yet the most integrated personality. New souls are those that are just emerged or emerging out of the mere physico-vital existence; these are like simple organisms, made of fewer constituents, referring mostly to the bodily life, with just a modicum of the mental. It is the soul, however, that grows with experiences and it is the soul that builds and enriches the personality. Whatever portion of the outer life, whatever element in the mind or vital or body succeeds in corning in contact with the psychic consciousness, that is to say, is able to come under its influence, is taken up and lodged there: it remains in the psychic 'being as its living memory and permanent possession. It is such elements that form the basis, the groundwork upon which the structure of the integral and true personality is raised.
The first thing then to do is to find out what it is that you are meant to realise, what is the role you have to play, your particular mission and the capacity or quality you have to express. You have to discover that and also the thing or things that oppose and do not allow it to flower or come to full manifestation. In other words, you have to know yourself, recognize your soul or psychic being.
06.14 - The Integral Realisation, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 03, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
But such is not the character of the supramental or Integral Yoga. This Yoga does not aim at kicking the ladder of existence down once you are up beyond. It seeks to integrate the Beyond and the Here-Below, make of the mundane an expression and embodiment of the Spirit. In this view the approaches to the Divine are not mere interim truths but facets of one organic total reality incarnating the divine consciousness in a divine life.
In other ways that lead to an escape, you reach a state where you are happy and satisfied, you feel you have attained the highest, the utmost worth attaining and you need not move further or look for anything else. The integral yogi is not so bound by one experience. He will find himself always getting away from the already attained status, however high it may be, and ranging beyond. Even if he tries to repeat an experience which he cherishes and considers worth repeating and so goes through the usual steps to recover it, he may find that instead of the experience wanted he is given quite a new experience.
07.38 - Past Lives and the Psychic Being, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 03, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
It is a being who is completely identified with his psychic, who has organised his whole person, in all its parts, around this centre, in fact, a being of one piece, entirely and solely turned to the Divine that can alone remember or hold in his consciousness something like a totality of his personal history. For in his case even when the body drops, the other parts being integrated and taken up into the soul substance maintain their individual existence; the personality formed around the psychic continues to exist with its memory intact: even it can pass from one life to another without losing the consciousness.
A psychic memory has a very definite character; it has a wonderful intensity. It stores the unforgettable moments of life, those when the consciousness was most luminous, most powerful, most active. They are the happiest and the most fortunate moments of life. But they cannot be spoken about.
07.42 - The Nature and Destiny of Art, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 03, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
I do not say that a museum is not necessary or useful. It is a good means of education, that is to say, getting information about what other people or other epochs did. It is an aid to the historic knowledge of things. But it is far from being artistic. A museum is not the place where art can find its highest or its true expression. There is an art which seeks to coordinate, integrate distinct, discrete, contrary objects. It is called decorative art. And in so far as this art is successful, we are a step forward even in these days towards true art.
Here in India things are and should be a little different. In spite of the modern European invasion and in spite of certain lapses in some directions I may refer to what Sri Aurobindo calls the Ravi Varma interlude the heart of India is not anglicised or Europeanised. The Calcutta School is a signalthough their attempt is rather on a small scaleyet it is a sign that India's artistic taste, in spite of a modern education, still turns to what is essential and permanent in her culture and civilisation. You have still before you, within your reach, the old temples, the old paintings, to teach you that art creation is meant to express a faith, to give you the sense of totality and organisation. You will note in this connection another fact which is very significant. All these paintings, all these sculptures in caves and temples bear no signature. They were not done with the idea of making a name. Today you fix your name to every bit of work you do, announce the event with a great noise in the papers, so that the thing may not be forgotten. In those days the artist did what he had to do, without caring whether posterity would remember his name or not. The work was done in an urge of aspiration towards expressing a higher beauty, above all with the idea of preparing a dwelling fit for the deity whom one invokes. In Europe in the cathedrals of the Middle Ages, things were done in the same spirit. There too at that time works were anonymous and bore no signature of the author. If any name came to be preserved, it was more or less by accident.
100.00 - Synergy, #Synergetics - Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking, #R Buckminster Fuller, #Science
aesthetic questions leading to synergetically integrated, physical-metaphysical,
split-second self-appraisals and exclusively intuitive decisions. If it's "Everything
--
genetics. But synergy represents the integrated behaviors instead of all the
differentiated behaviors of nature's galaxy systems and galaxy of galaxies.106.00 Chemists discovered that they had to recognize synergy because they
1.012 - Sublimation - A Way to Reshuffle Thought, #The Study and Practice of Yoga, #Swami Krishnananda, #Yoga
We are not to bring about a conflict in life, because spirituality is not in favour of any kind of conflict, whether it is inside or outside. So when we are exerting to control ourselves and to educate ourselves in a higher sense, either in society or in our personal lives, we are not creating any kind of split of consciousness, either social or personal. Rather, we are rising to a higher integrated condition where we have grown into a larger personality, so that in no step that we have taken have we lost anything, nor have we created tension anywhere. All stages of spiritual practice are freedoms attained from tension of every kind. A spiritual genius, even a spiritual seeker, does not create tension anywhere, either externally in society or in one's own self. Whenever we feel tension, we must understand that we have committed a mistake in our practice. What is the mistake.
The mistake is in believing that something is real, and yet not wanting it on account of a traditional attitude towards it that has been religiously introduced. The tradition of religion tells us that something is wrong, though we do not believe it. This is the difficulty. "My feelings say that something is okay, but religion says it is not okay. So I have a split between myself and the religious values." The religious novitiate then becomes a neurotic, an unhappy person, because in the cloister and the monastery he has a world of his own which is in conflict with the world outside. He has been told by religion that the world outside is wrong and the world inside the monastery is right, but he does not believe it. Oh, this is a horror that we cannot believe it and yet we are told to accept it. This is a kind of tyranny. Religion can become a tyrant; it can become a kind of dictator's order. But religion is far from dictatorship this is an important point to remember. Religion is not a dictator. Spirituality is not a tyrant. It is not asking us to do something because it says so. It is again to be emphasised that it is a process of inward adjustment to higher values by way of a positive education.
1.01 - Adam Kadmon and the Evolution, #Preparing for the Miraculous, #George Van Vrekhem, #Integral Yoga
wisdom traditions and has integrated them in the formula-
tion of his experience. On the other hand, Sri Aurobindos
1.01 - Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious, #The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, #Carl Jung, #Psychology
cannot be completely integrated with it, but from which, on the
contrary, consciousness arises. For, in the last analysis, psychic
--
fore necessary to integrate the unconscious into consciousness.
This is a synthetic process which I have termed the "individua-
--
autonomous, they cannot be integrated simply by rational
means, but require a dialectical procedure, a real coming to
1.01 - Fundamental Considerations, #The Ever-Present Origin, #Jean Gebser, #Integral
When we have grasped this it is at once apparent that we can extricate ourselves from our dangerous situation only by ordering ou relationships to ourselves, to our I or Ego, and not just our relationships with others, to the Thou, that is to God, the world, our fellow man and neighbor. That seems possible only if we are willing to assimilate the entirety of our human existence into our awareness. This means that all of our structures of awareness that form and support our present consciousness structure will have to be integrated into a new and more intensive form, which would in fact unlock a new reality. To that end we must constantly relive and re-experience in a decisive sense the full depth of our past. The adage that anyone who denies and condemns his past also abnegates his future is valid for the individual as well as for mankind. Our plea for an appropriate ordering and conscious realization of our relationships to the I as well as the Thou chiefly concerns the ordering and conscious recognition of our origin, and of all factors leading to the present. It is only in terms of man in his entirety that we shall achieve the necessary detachment from the present situation, Le., from both our unperspectival ties to the group or collective, and our perspectival attachment to the separated, individual Ego. When we become aware of the exhausted residua of past or passing forms of our understanding of reality we will recognize more clearly the signs of the inevitable new. We will also sense that there are new sources which can be tapped: the sources of the aperspectival world that can liberate us from the two exhausted and deficient forms which have become almost completely invalid and are certainly no longer all-inclusive or decisive.
It is our task in this book to work out this aperspectival basis. Our discussion will rely more an the evidence presented in the history of thought than on the findings of the natural sciences as is the case with the authors Transformation of the Occident. Among the disciplines of historical thought the investigation of language will form the predominant source of our insight since it is the preeminent means of reciprocal communication between man and the world.
1.01 - Newtonian and Bergsonian Time, #Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, #Norbert Wiener, #Cybernetics
tors, and the equivalent of a nervous system to integrate the
transfer of information from the one to the other. They lend
1.01 - Who is Tara, #How to Free Your Mind - Tara the Liberator, #Thubten Chodron, #unset
paramitasgenerosity, ethics, patience, joyous effort, concentration, and wisdomare fully integrated in her being and decorate her every activity.
Tara is also adorned with three syllables: om at her crown chakra, ah at her
1.02 - MAPS OF MEANING - THREE LEVELS OF ANALYSIS, #Maps of Meaning, #Jordan Peterson, #Psychology
precise circumstance of origins have been lost in the mists of history, but which have been integrated into a
consistent behavioral pattern, over time integrated into culturally-determined character. Integration
means active balance of competing subjectively-grounded motivational demands within the context of the
--
and immortal) community. Later, they are integrated into a hierarchy, as the culture becomes more
integrated, more sure about relative valuation and moral virtue and a single god, with a multitude of
--
monotheistic, integrated pattern, its external nature, as an attri bute of the gods, recedes. It becomes more
clearly an attri bute of the human being, per se rather than a characteristic of the extra-individual world
--
Procedural knowledge, generated in the course of heroic behavior, is not organized and integrated within
the group and the individual as a consequence of simple accumulation. Procedure a, appropriate in
--
intrapsychic state is integrated with regards to current motivation [which means, indicative of how
convinced a given animal is that it can (should) hold its ground]. This integration constitutes power
--
temporally summed and integrated effect of creative exploratory behavior, constantly engendered and
interpersonally transmitted, in the face of the eternally threatening and promising unknown as well as
1.02 - The 7 Habits An Overview, #The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, #Stephen Covey, #unset
The Seven Habits are not a set of separate or piecemeal psyche-up formulas. In harmony with the natural laws of growth, they provide an incremental, sequential, highly integrated approach to the development of personal and interpersonal effectiveness. They move us progressively on a Maturity
Continuum from dependence to interdependence.
--
The Seven Habits are habits of effectiveness. Because they are based on principles, they bring the maximum long-term beneficial results possible. They become the basis of a person's character, creating an empowering center of correct maps from which an individual can effectively solve problems, maximize opportunities, and continually learn and integrate other principles in an upward spiral of growth.
They are also habits of effectiveness because they are based on a paradigm of effectiveness that is in harmony with a natural law, a principle I call the "P/PC Balance," which many people break themselves against. This principle can be easily understood by remembering Aesop's fable of the Goose and the
--
In addition, as you openly, honestly share what you're learning with others, you may be surprised to find that negative labels or perceptions others may have of you tend to disappear. Those you teach will see you as a changing, growing person, and will be more inclined to be helpful and supportive as you work, perhaps together, to integrate the Seven Habits into your lives.
What You Can Expect
1.02 - The Development of Sri Aurobindos Thought, #Preparing for the Miraculous, #George Van Vrekhem, #Integral Yoga
The sensational discoveries around 1900 are now integrated
into the standard theories in physics, but at the time they
--
tific and social, in which humanity would integrate towards
oneness in spite of all innate resistances caused by its evo-
1.02 - The Refusal of the Call, #The Hero with a Thousand Faces, #Joseph Campbell, #Mythology
Willed introversion, in fact, is one of the classic implements of creative genius and can be employed as a deliberate device. It drives the psychic energies into depth and activates the lost con tinent of unconscious infantile and archetypal images. The result, of course; may be a disintegration of consciousness more or less complete (neurosis, psychosis: the plight of spellbound Daphne); but on the other hand, if the personality is able to absorb and integrate the new forces, there will be experienced an almost super-human degree of self-consciousness and masterful control.
This is a basic principle of the Indian disciplines of yoga. It has been the way, also, of many creative spirits in the West. It can not be described, quite, as an answer to any specific call. Rather, it is a deliberate, terrific refusal to respond to anything but the deepest, highest, richest answer to the as yet unknown demand of some waiting void within: a kind of total strike, or rejection of the offered terms of life, as a result of which some power of trans formation carries the problem to a plane of new magnitudes, where it is suddenly and finally resolved.
1.02 - The Three European Worlds, #The Ever-Present Origin, #Jean Gebser, #Integral
At the risk of exasperating many readers, we would venture to point out that this supersession of the number seven, the heptaos, can be interpreted as an indication of the symbolic conquest of the cavernous and vaulted heaven of unperspectivity. With the arrival of the eighth "art," which can also be considered an eighth muse, the world of the ancient seven-planet heaven collapses; the "n-", the negation retained in the night-sky [Nacht] of the unperspectival cavern gives way to the clarity and diurnal brightness of the eight (acht), which lacks the negating "n". The heptagonal cosmos of the ancients and its mystery religions are left behind, and man steps forth to integrate and concretize space.
It is, of course, considered disreputable today to trace or uncover subtle linguistic relationships that exist, for example, between the terms "eight" (acht) and "night" (Nacht). Eventhough language points to such relationships and interconnections, present-day man carefully avoids them, so as to keep them from bothering his conscience. Yet despite this, the things speak for themselves regardless of our attempts to denature them, and their roots remain as long as the word remains that holds them under its spell. It will be necessary, for instance, to discuss in Part Two the significance of the pivotal and ancient word "muse," whose multifarious background of meanings vividly suggests a possible aperspectivity. Here we would only point to the illumination of the nocturnal-unperspectival world which takes place when perspective is enthroned as the eighth art. The old, seven-fold, simple planetary cavern space is suddenly flooded by the light of human consciousness and is rendered visible, as it were, from outside.
--
In this drawing, however, space and body have become transparent. In this sense the drawing is neither unperspectival, i.e. a two-dimensional rendering of a surface in which the body is imprisoned, nor is it perspectival, i.e., a three-dimensional visual sector cut out of reality that surrounds the figure with breathing space. The drawing is "aperspectival" in our sense of the term; time is no longer spatialized but integrated and concretized as a fourth dimension. By this means it renders the whole visible to insight, a whole which becomes visible only because the previously missing component, time, is expressed in an intensified and valid form as the present. It is no longer the moment, or the "twinkling of the eye" - time viewed through the organ of sight as spatialized time - but the pure present, the quintessence of time that radiates from this drawing.
Every body, to the extent that it is conceived spatially, is nothing but solidified, crystallized, substantivated, and materialized time that requires the formation and solidification of space in order to unfold. Space represents a field of tension; and because of its latent energy, it is an agent of the critical or acute energy of time. Thus both energetic principles, the latency of space as well as the acuteness of time, are mutually dependent. When we formulate this thought in advance of our discussion, it is to emphasize the basic import that we accord to the present, for both space and time exist for the perceptual capacities of our body only in the present via presentiation. The presentiation or making present evident in Picassos drawing was possible only after he was able to actualize, that is, bring to consciousness, all of the temporal structures of the past latent in himself (and in each of us) during the course of his preceding thirty years of painting in a variety of earlier styles.
1.02 - THE WITHIN OF THINGS, #The Phenomenon of Man, #Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, #Christianity
to be integrated into a world-system, necessitates consideration
of the existence of a new aspect or dimension in the stuff of the
10.33 - On Discipline, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 04, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga
Mother speaks of three lines of this higher law. First of all, the individual law which at its lowest and its most common form is the law of selfishness. It is the most elementary and superficial degree of consciousness when the being is confined to its own little person, confined mostly to its hungers and desires, to its sense of possession and appropriation. The human being starts with- this addiction to selfishness but he moves towards a gradual enlargement and rearrangement of this sense of personal value and importance. Therefore he is given a family, a nation, a grouping more or less large in which he can find other selves to meet and learn to live with harmoniously. A collective life whether in a nation or in the family or in any other group formation demands a control over the selfish impulses and egoistic urges. That is the discipline, that is to say, the necessity of submitting the law of one's ego-self to the law of collective selves, needed for the realisation of a collective ideal. When you playa game you have to obey the rule of the game and you have to dovetail your movements into the movements of your comrades, you cannot move as you please but must integrate your gestures with those of others. Even so as a member of a particular family or as a citizen of a particular country you have to rearrange your personal habits and movements in accordance with a more general and wider plan of living. The extent of this obedience depends upon the ideal that a particular collectivity pursues and the value of the obedience depends on the ideal thus pursued. And the largest collectivity is of course the human race, the humanity as a whole. The submission of the personal law to the law of humanity in general is also a discipline demanded of man but there too the value of the submission depends upon the exact nature of the humanity to which one is asked to submit. For as I have said, there are degrees of consciousness and levels of being mounting higher and higher in an increasing value in respect of width and intensity and essential character. For along with the widening of the consciousness there must be a heightening of it, a horizontal movement of the being must be supported or accentuated by a vertical movement. Even the widest consciousness, a consciousness one with the universe, as wide as creation itself, can still have a core of ego-sense left behind, however attenuated it may be; the ego-sense can be abolished only by a transcendence even of the universal consciousness and rise into the supra-conscious. And this brings us to the other line of discipline, the supreme discipline which means obedience not merely, not even to the cosmic law but to the transcendent Divine Law. Here the individual is absolutely, utterly, free from his little self, the minor self-law, he is totally merged in the Divine, his being and living becomes the Divine's own law of existence.
Discipline then is the obedience of a learner to an ever-expanding and ever-ascending law of consciousness and being, until the law of the supreme status is realised which is the law of divine living: it is the utter submission or total obedience to the Divine Himself, when one is identified with the Divine in being and nature, where Law and Person are one and the same.
1.03 - APPRENTICESHIP AND ENCULTURATION - ADOPTION OF A SHARED MAP, #Maps of Meaning, #Jordan Peterson, #Psychology
consistent and integrated set of moral virtues even in the absence of the explicit (declarative)
representation of this system. The nature of these virtues, embodied in behavior, in their origin, have
--
structure remains an integrated system (essentially, a historically-determined personality, and
representation thereof), a product of determined efforts (procedural and declarative) devoted towards
1.03 - Preparing for the Miraculous, #Preparing for the Miraculous, #George Van Vrekhem, #Integral Yoga
and may soon be integrated into the standard paradigm.
As soon as the laws are confined to some abstract realm
1.03 - Self-Surrender in Works - The Way of The Gita, #The Synthesis Of Yoga, #Sri Aurobindo, #Integral Yoga
LIFE, NOT a remote silent or high-uplifted ecstatic BeyondLife alone, is the field of our Yoga. The transformation of our superficial, narrow and fragmentary human way of thinking, seeing, feeling and being into a deep and wide spiritual consciousness and an integrated inner and outer existence and of our ordinary human living into the divine way of life must be its central purpose. The means towards this supreme end is a self-giving of all our nature to the Divine. Everything must be given to the Divine within us, to the universal All and to the transcendent Supreme. An absolute concentration of our will, our heart and our thought on that one and manifold Divine, an unreserved self-consecration of our whole being to the Divine alone - this is the decisive movement, the turning of the ego to That which is infinitely greater than itself, its self-giving and indispensable surrender.
The life of the human creature, as it is ordinarily lived, is composed of a half-fixed, half-fluid mass of very imperfectly ruled thoughts, perceptions, sensations, emotions, desires, enjoyments, acts, mostly customary and self-repeating, in part only dynamic and self-developing, but all centred around a superficial ego. The sum of movement of these activities eventuates in an internal growth which is partly visible and operative in this life, partly a seed of progress in lives hereafter. This growth of the conscious being, an expansion, an increasing self-expression, a more and more harmonised development of his constituent members is the whole meaning and all the pith of human existence. It is for this meaningful development of consciousness by thought, will, emotion, desire, action and experience, leading in the end to a supreme divine self-discovery, that Man, the mental being, has entered into the material body. All the rest is either auxiliary and subordinate or accidental and otiose; that only matters which sustains and helps the evolution of his nature and the growth or rather the progressive unfolding and discovery of his self and spirit.
1.03 - Tara, Liberator from the Eight Dangers, #How to Free Your Mind - Tara the Liberator, #Thubten Chodron, #unset
and propels us toward fortunate rebirths in which we can continue our spiritual practice. It also fertilizes our mind so that we will understand the meaning of the Buddhas teachings easily and be able to integrate them into our
lives. Material wealth provides us with necessities so we can practice without
1.03 - The Syzygy - Anima and Animus, #Aion, #Carl Jung, #Psychology
be integrated they themselves cannot, since they are archetypes.
As such they are the foundation stones of the psychic structure,
--
nine archetypal image. The first element can be integrated into the personality
by the process of conscious realization, but the last one cannot.
1.04 - The Aims of Psycho therapy, #The Practice of Psycho therapy, #Carl Jung, #Psychology
not only rationally integrated with the conscious mind, but morally
assimilated. They still have to be subjected to a work of synthetic
1.04 - THE APPEARANCE OF ANOMALY - CHALLENGE TO THE SHARED MAP, #Maps of Meaning, #Jordan Peterson, #Psychology
image, heralded in narrative, and explicitly represented in words. In the integrated individual or the
integrated state action, imagination and explicit verbal thought are isomorphic: explicit and imagemediated beliefs and actual behaviors form a coherent unit. Verbal theories of morality (explicit rules)
--
middle of a series of concentric rings, composed of the integrated personalities of his ancestors, nested
(at least in the ideal) within the figure of the exploratory hero. The inner walls are dependent for their
--
the intrapsychically integrated, conscious, or psychologically healthy individual) identical hierarchical
structure, in their respective forms of action or representation. This integrated morality lends predictability
to individual and interpersonal behavior, constitutes the basis for the stable state, and helps ensure that
--
The latter causes the society to become, through eating and drinking the same person, integrated into a
single body, which is both their own and his.388
--
terror and uncertainty. All cultures are stable, integrated, hierarchically arranged structures predicated upon
assumptions held as absolute but the particular natures of these assumptions differ (at least at the more
--
more thoroughly integrated individual, who has won the war. This victor who has organized the
currently warring diverse cultural standpoints into a hierarchy, integrated once more will be stronger than
his uni-cultural predecessor, as his behavior and values will be the consequence of the more diverse and
--
dangerous. More abstractly, what the stranger believes, specifically, threatens the integrated structure of
historically-determined belief, in general. This does not present a problem, when his foreign actions or
--
The group promotes an integrated pattern of behavior and conception of values. This is strength, in that
an integrated pattern provides one message, and therefore promotes unity and direction. It is also weakness,
in that integration stable, hierarchically organized structure is inflexible, and therefore brittle. This
--
personal experience, some existential anomaly, that cannot be easily integrated into that structure. This
breakdown re-exposes him to the unknown previously covered, so to speak, by his culture. His
--
forth the necessities and pleasures of life without work or effort. Chaos and order are integrated,
perfectly, in the paradisal state.
--
battleground of the individual psyche has been integrated into the larger community. There can be no
salvation for one in the presence of the continued suffering of all. It is Buddhas return from the heaven that
1.04 - The Self, #Aion, #Carl Jung, #Psychology
personality. To the extent that the integrated contents are parts
of the self, we can expect this influence to be considerable.
--
tion-that is to say a content can only be integrated when its
double aspect has become conscious and when it is grasped not
1.04 - The Silent Mind, #Sri Aurobindo or the Adventure of Consciousness, #Satprem, #Integral Yoga
sacral region and below. . . . It works at the same time for perfection as well as liberation; it takes up the whole nature part by part and deals with it, rejecting what has to be rejected, sublimating what has to be sublimated, creating what has to be created. It integrates,
harmonizes, establishes a new rhythm in the nature.37
1.05 - THE HOSTILE BROTHERS - ARCHETYPES OF RESPONSE TO THE UNKNOWN, #Maps of Meaning, #Jordan Peterson, #Psychology
redeemed, and integrated into a functioning hierarchy. The revaluation of good and evil therefore allows
for the creative re-integration of those apsects of personality and their secondary representations in
--
order, education and wisdom embodied, and represented; is the abstracted and integrated personification of
all those heroes who have come before and left their mark on the (cultural) behavior of the species. He is
--
of man. The unconscious archaic man mimics particular adaptive behaviors integrated, however, into a
procedural structure containing all other adaptive behaviors, capable of compelling imitation, and
--
seen as one long attempt to integrate alchemy and the mechanical philosophy (Foundations, p. 230).
After the publication of the Principia, opponents declared that Newtons forces were in reality
--
had to integrate into a nonconfessional Christianity the Hermetic tradition and the natural sciences of
medicine, astronomy, and mechanics. In fact, this synthesis constituted a new Christian creation,
--
absence of an integrated hierarchical moral (patriarchal) system, competing values and viewpoints tend
towards disintegration, as each pursues its own end as greed might make the pursuit of lust difficult, as
--
light in the darkness, the consciousness associated with poorly integrated or even hostile elements of
individual personality. 632 The germ or seed of unity may manifest itself symbolically at any time in the
--
unknown, and the hero, simultaneously)]. Subsequently: re-introduction of that integrated psychic
structure to the physical body the conscious incarnation of the now-more-complete spirit, so to speak.
--
life itself: integrated subjective being actively expressing its nature through manipulation of the
possibilities inherent in the material/unknown world. This final goal is the production of an integrated
intrapsychic condition identical to that of the mythological hero acted out in a world regarded as
1.06 - Being Human and the Copernican Principle, #Preparing for the Miraculous, #George Van Vrekhem, #Integral Yoga
of reference, integrated to a certain degree into the belief
system of the Church. Any culture has its myths, legends
1.06 - Gestalt and Universals, #Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, #Norbert Wiener, #Cybernetics
age or integrate this with respect to the group measure for the
group of transformations T, we shall obtain a quantity which we
1.07 - A Song of Longing for Tara, the Infallible, #How to Free Your Mind - Tara the Liberator, #Thubten Chodron, #unset
the Dharma be totally integrated into their minds, transforming them, so
that they attain full enlightenment.
1.07 - Savitri, #Twelve Years With Sri Aurobindo, #Nirodbaran, #Integral Yoga
Dr. Piper of Syracuse University says about Savitri that it already has inaugurated the New Age of Illumination and is probably the greatest epic in the English language... the most comprehensive, integrated, beautiful and perfect cosmic poem ever composed.... It ranges symbolically from primordial cosmic void, through earth's darkness and struggles, to the highest realms of supramental spiritual existence and illumines every important concern of man, through verse of unparalleled massiveness, magnificence and metaphorical brilliance. Savitri is perhaps the most powerful artistic work in the world for expanding man's mind towards the Absolute.
The Mother has pronounced the last word on Savitri. I quote some extracts from a long talk on it to a young aspirant:
1.07 - The Farther Reaches of Human Nature, #Sex Ecology Spirituality, #Ken Wilber, #Philosophy
In just the same way, ecological and relational awareness, which started to emerge with formal operational, comes to a major fruition with vision-logic and the centauric worldview. For, in beginning to differentiate from rationality (look at it, operate upon it), vision-logic can, for the first time, integrate reason with its predecessors, including life and matter, all as junior holons in its own compound individuality.
In other words, and I intend to emphasize this heavily, centauric vision-logic can integrate physiosphere, biosphere, and noosphere in its own compound individuality (and this is, as I suggested in chapter 5, the next major stage of leading-edge global transformation, even though most of the "work yet to be done" is still getting the globe up to decentered universal-rational pluralism in the first place).
This overall integration (physiosphere, biosphere, and noosphere, or matter, body, mind) is borne out, for example, by the researches of Broughton, Loevinger, Selman, Maslow, and others. As only one example, but an important one, we can take the work of John Broughton.
--
This integrative stage comes to fruition at Broughton's last major level (late centauric), where "mind and body are both experiences of an integrated self," which is the phrase I have most often used to define the centauric or bodymind- integrated self. Precisely because awareness has differentiated from (or disidentified from, or transcended) an exclusive identification with body, persona, ego, and mind, it can now integrate them in a unified fashion, in a new and higher holon with each of them as junior partners. Physiosphere, biosphere, noosphere-exclusively identified with none of them, therefore capable of integrating all of them.
But everything is not sweetness and light with the centaur. As always, new and higher capacities bring with them the potential for new and higher pathologies. As vision-logic adds up all the possibilities given to the mind's eye, it eventually reaches a dismal conclusion: personal life is a brief spark in the cosmic void. No matter how wonderful it all might be now, we are still going to die: dread, as Heidegger said, is the au thentic response of the existential (centauric) being, a dread that calls us back from self-forgetting to self-presence, a dread that seizes not this or that part of me (body or persona or ego or mind), but rather the totality of my being-in-the-world. When I au thentically see my life, I see its ending, I see its death; and I see that my "other selves," my ego, my personas, were all sustained by inau thenticity, by an avoidance of the awareness of lonely death.
--
Saussure's point-and this is what actually ignited the whole movement of structuralism-is that the sign cannot be understood as an isolated entity, because in and by itself the sign is meaningless (which is why different words can represent the same thing in different languages, and why "meaning" is never a simple matter of a word pointing to a thing, because how could different words represent the same thing?). Rather, signs must be understood as part of a holarchy of differences integrated into meaningful structures. Both the signifiers and the signifieds exist as holons, or whole/parts in a chain of whole/parts, and, as Saussure made clear, it is their relational standing that confers meaning on each (language is a meaningful system of meaningless elements: as always, the regime or structure of the superholon confers meaning on the subholons, meaning which the subholons do not and cannot possess on their own).
In other words, the signifiers and the signifieds exist as a structure of contexts within contexts within contexts, and meaning itself is context-bound. Meaning is found not in the word but in the context: the bark of a dog is not the same as the bark of a tree, and the difference is not in the word, because the word bark is the same in both phrases-it is the relational context that determines its meaning: the entire structure of language is involved in the meaning of each and every term-this was Saussure's great insight.
1.07 - The Psychic Center, #Sri Aurobindo or the Adventure of Consciousness, #Satprem, #Integral Yoga
a psychic integration. Contemporary psychology also uses the word integration, but around what is that "integration" supposed to take place? Integrating requires a center. Do they propose to integrate around the turmoil of the mental or vital ego? One might as well try to moor a boat by fastening it to the tail of an eel. Having discovered the psychic kingdom within, we must patiently, gradually colonize and adjoin the outer kingdom to it. If we are interested in a realization here on earth, all our mental and vital activities, and, as we will see, even our entire physical nature, must be integrated around the new center. It is on this condition that they will survive: only those activities that are "psychicized" will participate in the psychic immortality. Anything that takes place outside the psychic being, in effect, takes place outside us and does not last beyond the life of our bodies. There are lives in which "nobody" is there. The psychic center needs to partake in our external activities in order to be able to remember external 88
89
--
however, from the very beginning, we embrace everything in our search, all the levels of our being, all of life, instead of rejecting worldly activities for an exclusive quest of the soul, then we will achieve an integral and integrated life in which we are the same outside and inside. On the other hand, if we exclude everything to arrive at so-called spiritual goals, it becomes very difficult afterward to retrace our steps, to descend from our fragile heights, to widen and
universalize the mind, to liberate and universalize the vital, to clean the subconscient and finally to labor in the physical grime in order to divinize it; we are far too comfortable above to stir up all that mud,
1.08a - The Ladder, #A Garden of Pomegranates - An Outline of the Qabalah, #Israel Regardie, #Occultism
It is infinitely more than a rational decision to integrate oneself to a higher level of consciousness and to see that level in all things, for the change has been entirely due to the shattering experience that the centre of gravity, so to speak, lies beyond the Abyss. The Great Work itself consists of a simple operation - this changing of viewpoint, the slaying of the slayer of Reality - the Mind. But through aeons of evolutionary effort towards the development of a highly complex organization and constitution through which to contact the " external " universe for the obtaining of experience, we are unable to realize this simplicity and accomplish this operation at the outset, and so are obliged to struggle painfully through these difficult tasks in order to obtain the right degree of simplicity and penetrate the veil, to find our selves, spiritual centres of force, Yechidos, radiant with life and purpose and divinity.
Prof. Martin Buber, in his splendid work on Jewish
1.08 - The Depths of the Divine, #Sex Ecology Spirituality, #Ken Wilber, #Philosophy
Thus, the centaur could integrate the physiosphere and the biosphere and the noosphere, but the Over-Soul becomes, or is directly one with, the physiosphere and biosphere and noosphere. It is simple continuation of the deepening and widening of identity, grounded in an awareness very much within, and very much beyond, me.
And Emerson means this literally! According to Emerson, this cosmic consciousness is not poetry (though he often expresses it with unmatched poetic beauty)-rather, it is a direct realization, a direct apprehension, and "in that deep force, the last fact behind which analysis cannot go, all things find their common origin. It is one light which beams out of a thousand stars. It is one soul which animates all."
1.09 - Fundamental Questions of Psycho therapy, #The Practice of Psycho therapy, #Carl Jung, #Psychology
symbols must, if they are to be effective, be understood by the consciousmind; they must be assimilated and integrated. A dream that is not
understood remains a mere occurrence; understood, it becomes a living
1.09 - Sleep and Death, #Sri Aurobindo or the Adventure of Consciousness, #Satprem, #Integral Yoga
each with a separate existence and separate experiences on its own particular plane. At night, when the bond of the body and the tyranny of the mental mentor have vanished, this independence becomes remarkably alive. All the vibrations we have gathered in us, and which make up "our" nature, become so many little entities running here and there, and we discover all sorts of strangers in us whose existence we had never suspected. In other words, these fragments are not integrated around the true center, the psychic, and because they are not integrated, we cannot bring them under control and change the course of circumstances. We are passive, because the real "we" is the psychic, and most of these fragments are not connected with the psychic.
Hence the necessity of integration rapidly becomes imperative if we wish to control circumstances here, there, and everywhere. For example, when we leave our body and go into the regions of the lower Vital (corresponding to the area of the navel and sex centers), the part of our being that is exteriorized in this region often goes through very unpleasant experiences; it is attacked by all sorts of voracious forces,
giving rise to what is commonly called a "nightmare," from which we escape by returning as quickly as possible into our body, where we are safe. Now, if that particular part of our being has accepted to become integrated around the psychic center, it can safely go into these rather infernal regions because it possesses the psychic light (the psychic is a fragment of the great original Light), and when under attack, it needs only remember this light (or the Master, which is the same) for all
adverse forces to vanish. By remembering, it calls upon the true vibration, which has the power to dissolve or disperse all vibrations of a lesser intensity. There is even an interesting transitory stage in which we helplessly participate in terrifying pursuits, for instance, and suddenly that fragment of ourselves remembers the light (or the Master), thus abruptly reversing the situation. On these planes we can also meet many people, known or unknown, near or far away, living or dead the ever-living whom we name as dead,101 as Sri Aurobindo says who are on the same wavelength, and we can be the witness or helpless partner of their misadventures (which may translate into unpleasant happenings on earth, as we have seen; all the blows received there will be received here; each occurrence there prepares something here). But if the fragment of ourselves having the experience with the corresponding fragment of that friend or stranger or "dead" person is able to remember the Light (that is, if it is integrated around the psychic), it becomes capable of reversing the course of events, of assisting a friend or stranger in distress, of helping a disembodied being go through a difficult passage, get out of a dangerous place, or free himself from some unhealthy associations (there are so many places where we are prisoners). The following is an example of such an experience, chosen deliberately in negative terms and as simply as possible: X "dreams" that she is walking with a friend along the shore of a lake with seemingly marvelously clear waters, when suddenly a snake springs up from the bottom of the lake and bites her friend on the throat. She makes several attempts to protect her friend, but becomes frightened herself, is pursued by the snake, and runs "back home" (into her body). The next day she learns that her friend is ill and has completely lost her voice. She herself experiences throughout the day a series of small abortive incidents,
within and without. If she had been actively conscious, centered,
--
This integration is all the more necessary when we no longer have a body, i.e., when we are supposedly dead, because these fragments no longer have the recourse of returning to the body for protection. If they are not integrated, they suffer a great deal of unpleasantness. This is probably the origin of all the stories about hell, which this cannot be repeated enough concern only some lower parts of our nature. For the lower planes (notably the lower Vital, corresponding to the navel and sex centers, the most difficult regions to integrate) are full of ravenous forces. As a young disciple who had died prematurely said when describing his journey to a friend during sleep: "Just behind your world there is no law and order" a proper British laconism for hell. And he added: "I had Mother's light (the Master) with me, and I
crossed over." Since this experience is typical of many deaths, it should be noted that the two friends met in lovely colored gardens,
--
As our being becomes integrated around the psychic, it thus goes from passive to active sleep, if one may still speak of "sleep," and from a troublesome death to an interesting journey or another form of work. But, depending on the breadth of our consciousness, there are also many degrees in this experience, from a limited action that does not extend beyond the small circle of living or dead acquaintances, or the worlds familiar to us, to the universal action of a few great beings whose psychic has in a sense colonized vast stretches of consciousness, and who protect the world with their silent light.
Let us conclude these brief generalities, which are at best trail markers for the seeker, with a final observation concerning premonitions. We should again emphasize that having a premonition about something is the sign that this "something" already exists on some plane before taking place here; it does not hang in midair. We are extremely scrupulous and precise regarding physical reality, yet we treat the happenings of nonphysical worlds as if they were incoherent or vague, perhaps because the vagueness is in our own mind. We find through experience, however, that everything is perfectly rational, if not always reasonable: not only does the luminosity intensify as we ascend the scale of consciousness, but time accelerates, covering a wider range of space, as it were, or more distant events (both in the future and in the past), and ultimately we emerge into that motionless Light where everything is. As a consequence, we realize that the fulfillment on earth of our premonitory vision takes place sooner or later in time, depending on the plane of consciousness where the vision has occurred. For example, when we see in the subtle Physical, which borders our world, the earthly transcription is almost immediate, a few hours or a day away; we see an accident, and the next day, it takes place.
--- Overview of verb integrate
The verb integrate has 4 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (6) integrate, incorporate ::: (make into a whole or make part of a whole; "She incorporated his suggestions into her proposal")
2. (2) desegregate, integrate, mix ::: (open (a place) to members of all races and ethnic groups; "This school is completely desegregated")
3. (1) integrate ::: (become one; become integrated; "The students at this school integrate immediately, despite their different backgrounds")
4. integrate ::: (calculate the integral of; calculate by integration)
--- Grep of noun integrate
integrated circuit
integrated data processing
integrated logistic support
Wikipedia - Adobe Integrated Runtime
Wikipedia - Advantest -- Japanese integrated circuit testing equipment manufacturer
Wikipedia - Agere Systems -- American integrated circuit components company
Wikipedia - Application-specific integrated circuit
Wikipedia - Archibus -- Integrated workplace management system
Wikipedia - Architecture of Integrated Information Systems
Wikipedia - Arduino IDE -- Integrated development environment for Arduino hardware
Wikipedia - ASM International -- Dutch integrated circuit manufacturing equipment manufacturer
Wikipedia - Autoregressive integrated moving average
Wikipedia - AY-3-8500 -- Integrated circuit by General Instrument
Wikipedia - Beam lead technology -- Technology used to deposit metal beams onto integrated circuits for connecting them
Wikipedia - Biela's Comet -- Disintegrated periodic comet
Wikipedia - Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network -- High-speed Internet access standard
Wikipedia - Building-integrated photovoltaics -- Photovoltaic materials used to replace conventional building materials
Wikipedia - Category:Application-specific integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Category:Free integrated development environments
Wikipedia - Category:Integrated development environments
Wikipedia - Category:Pedagogic integrated development environments
Wikipedia - CEM and SSM chips -- Integrated circuits used in synthesizers
Wikipedia - Chip on board -- Circuit board manufacturing technique that wires integrated circuits directly to printed circuit boards
Wikipedia - Chip-scale package -- Integrated circuit package that is no or barely larger than the die it contains
Wikipedia - CMOS -- Technology for constructing integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Co-fired ceramic -- Integrated circuit package made out of fired ceramic material
Wikipedia - Comparison of integrated development environments
Wikipedia - Computational RAM -- Random-access memory with processing elements integrated on the same chip
Wikipedia - Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Wikipedia - Computer-integrated manufacturing
Wikipedia - Copper interconnects -- Used in semiconductor integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Delay calculation -- Calculation of signal delay times in integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Die (integrated circuit) -- Unpackaged integrated circuit
Wikipedia - Draft:Ekincare -- Integrated Health Benefits Platform
Wikipedia - Drilling rig -- Integrated system that drills wells
Wikipedia - Earth system science -- The scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems
Wikipedia - Ecodistrict -- Term used in urban planning to integrate objectives of sustainable development and reduce ecological impact
Wikipedia - Ecological engineering -- Use of ecology and engineering to predict, design, construct or restore, and manage ecosystems that integrate "human society with its natural environment for the benefit of both"
Wikipedia - Electric bicycle -- Bicycle with an integrated electric motor
Wikipedia - Embedded instrumentation -- Test instrumentation embedded into discrete integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Environmental science -- The integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.
Wikipedia - European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling -- A consortium of 14 European countries and Canada that was formed in 2003 to join the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Wikipedia - Evraz -- British multinational vertically integrated steel making and mining company
Wikipedia - Fairchild Semiconductor -- American integrated circuit manufacturer
Wikipedia - Flat no-leads package -- Integrated circuit package with contacts on all 4 sides, on the underside of the package
Wikipedia - Flatpack (electronics) -- Flat surface mount integrated circuit package
Wikipedia - Forest integrated pest management
Wikipedia - Framework for integrated test -- Open-source tool for automated customer tests
Wikipedia - Froth treatment (Athabasca oil sands) -- Bitumen froth treatment is one part of an integrated bitumen recovery process in oil sands operations.
Wikipedia - Gambas -- Integrated development environment for the BASIC dialect Gambas
Wikipedia - Game integrated development environment
Wikipedia - Gauss-Bonnet theorem -- Relates the integrated curvature of a surface to its topology, its Euler characteristic
Wikipedia - Geany -- Integrated Development Environment
Wikipedia - General-purpose input/output -- User-controllable digital signal pin on an integrated circuit
Wikipedia - General-purpose macro processor -- Macro processor that is not tied to or integrated with a particular language or piece of software.
Wikipedia - Globally integrated enterprise
Wikipedia - Goddard Earth Observing System -- integrated Earth system model and data assimilation system developed at NASA's GMAO
Wikipedia - HealthPartners -- American integrated nonprofit health care provider
Wikipedia - High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment
Wikipedia - Hybrid integrated circuit -- Miniature electronic circuit combining different semiconductor devices and passive components on a substrate
Wikipedia - Indo-Persian culture -- Persian aspects integrated into or absorbed into the cultures of the Indian subcontinent
Wikipedia - Integrated Authority File -- International authority file for personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies
Wikipedia - Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
Wikipedia - Integrated business planning
Wikipedia - Integrated cargo carrier -- Space Shuttle module
Wikipedia - Integrated circuit design
Wikipedia - Integrated circuit development
Wikipedia - Integrated circuit layout design protection
Wikipedia - Integrated circuit layout
Wikipedia - Integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Integrated circuit -- Electronic circuit
Wikipedia - Integrated coastal zone management -- Environmental managment system
Wikipedia - Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing
Wikipedia - Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing
Wikipedia - Integrated Conflict Early Warning System
Wikipedia - Integrated Data Store
Wikipedia - Integrated Design Associates -- Hong Kong architectural firm
Wikipedia - Integrated design
Wikipedia - Integrated Development Environment
Wikipedia - Integrated development environment -- Software application used to develop software
Wikipedia - Integrated Device Technology -- U.S. semiconductor manufacturer
Wikipedia - Integrated Digital Enhanced Network
Wikipedia - Integrated digital television
Wikipedia - Integrated Diver Display Mask -- Diving half-mask with integrated head-up instrument display
Wikipedia - Integrated Encryption Scheme
Wikipedia - Integrated Enterprise Modeling
Wikipedia - Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd -- Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd is a software and consultancy company
Wikipedia - Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
Wikipedia - Integrated gasification combined cycle
Wikipedia - Integrated geography
Wikipedia - Integrated graphics
Wikipedia - Integrated information theory
Wikipedia - Integrated landscape management
Wikipedia - Integrated Language Environment
Wikipedia - Integrated library system
Wikipedia - Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc.
Wikipedia - Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture -- Aquaculture which provides the byproducts, including waste, from one aquatic species as inputs for another
Wikipedia - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program -- Marine research program between 2003-2013 to monitor and sample sub-seafloor environments
Wikipedia - Integrated Ocean Observing System -- An organization of systems that routinely and continuously provides quality controlled data and information on current and future states of the oceans and Great Lakes
Wikipedia - Integrated Performance Primitives
Wikipedia - Integrated pest management -- Approach for economic control of pests
Wikipedia - Integrated Project (EU)
Wikipedia - Integrated Public Alert and Warning System -- American emergency alert architecture
Wikipedia - Integrated Service Provider -- Type of logistics services firm
Wikipedia - Integrated Services Digital Network -- Set of communication standards
Wikipedia - Integrated standby instrument system
Wikipedia - Integrated Taxonomic Information System -- Authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes
Wikipedia - Integrated threat theory
Wikipedia - Integrated ticketing
Wikipedia - Integrated topside design
Wikipedia - Integrated Truss Structure -- Part of the International Space Station; sequence of connected trusses
Wikipedia - Integrated weights -- Diving weights carried in pockets on the buoyancy compensator
Wikipedia - Integrated Windows Authentication -- Microsoft authentication protocols
Wikipedia - Interoception -- Sensory system that receives and integrates information from the body
Wikipedia - Interposer -- Layer between an integrated circuit and a printed circuit board, used to spread and reroute connections
Wikipedia - Invention of the integrated circuit -- Aspect of history relating to the invention of integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Italian unification -- Creation of the politically and administratively integrated nation of Italy
Wikipedia - Jinn -- Supernatural spirits integrated in Islamic beliefs
Wikipedia - Job safety analysis -- Procedure to integrate safety practices into a particular task
Wikipedia - Kaiser Permanente -- American integrated managed care company
Wikipedia - Klang Valley Integrated Transit System -- Rail transportation network in the Klang Valley
Wikipedia - Land grid array -- Type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Language Integrated Query
Wikipedia - List of 4000-series integrated circuits -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of 7400-series integrated circuits -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of countries by integrated circuit exports -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of integrated schools in Northern Ireland -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Nikon F-mount lenses with integrated autofocus motor -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - Lusotropicalism -- idea that the Portuguese adapted to or integrated host cultures better than other European colonizers
Wikipedia - Marina Bay Sands -- Integrated Resort in Singapore
Wikipedia - MAX232 -- 1987 integrated circuit
Wikipedia - Maxim Integrated -- American technology company
Wikipedia - McLouth Steel -- Former integrated steel mill in Trenton, Michigan
Wikipedia - Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano -- Program to integrate the stock exchange markets of Chile, Colombia and Peru
Wikipedia - Microchip Technology -- American integrated circuit company
Wikipedia - Microcomputer -- A small computer, with a processor made of one or a few integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Microcontroller -- Small computer on a single integrated circuit
Wikipedia - Microprocessor -- Computer processor contained on an integrated-circuit chip
Wikipedia - Microsoft Visual C++ -- Integrated development environment product by Microsoft
Wikipedia - Mixed-signal integrated circuit
Wikipedia - Model for Prediction Across Scales -- A coupled Earth system modeling package that integrates atmospheric, oceanographic and cryospheric modeling on a variety of scales
Wikipedia - Monolithic integrated circuit
Wikipedia - Moore's law -- Observation on the growth of integrated circuit capacity
Wikipedia - MOS integrated circuit
Wikipedia - Movie theater -- Venue, usually a building or integrated into a shopping mall, for viewing films
Wikipedia - Multi-chip module -- Electronic assembly containing multiple integrated circuits that behaves as a unit
Wikipedia - Multisensory integration -- Study of how information from the different sensory modalities, such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion and taste, may be integrated by the nervous system
Wikipedia - National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems -- inventory of U.S. aviation airports
Wikipedia - NetBeans -- Integrated development environment software for software development
Wikipedia - NeuroNames -- An integrated nomenclature for structures in the brain and spinal cord of the four species most studied by neuroscientists: human, macaque, rat and mouse
Wikipedia - Nintendo Integrated Research & Development -- Division of Nintendo
Wikipedia - North American Numbering Plan -- Integrated telephone numbering plan serving 20 North American countries
Wikipedia - One Station Unit Training -- Integrated training program in the United States Army
Wikipedia - Online integrated development environment
Wikipedia - ON Semiconductor -- American integrated circuit manufacturer
Wikipedia - Open Palmtop Integrated Environment
Wikipedia - Otto Stern School for Integrated Doctoral Education
Wikipedia - Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System -- Organisation in US Integrated Ocean Observing System
Wikipedia - ParaM-CM-1aque Integrated Terminal Exchange -- Public transport terminal in Manila, Philippines
Wikipedia - PHY -- Integrated circuit required to implement physical layer functions of the OSI model in a network interface controller
Wikipedia - Powerchip -- Taiwanese integrated circuit manufacturer
Wikipedia - Power management integrated circuit
Wikipedia - PyCharm -- Integrated development environment for Python
Wikipedia - Quad flat package -- Surface mount integrated circuit package with "gull wing" pins extinding from all sides
Wikipedia - Radiation stress -- The depth-integrated excess momentum flux caused by the presence of the surface gravity waves, which is exerted on the mean flow
Wikipedia - Rally for an Alternative of Harmonious and Integrated Development -- Political party in the Comoros
Wikipedia - Saint Vincent of Quebiawan Integrated School -- School in San Fernando, Philippines
Wikipedia - Samaritan Health Services -- Integrated Healthcare System
Wikipedia - SAPHIRE -- Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations
Wikipedia - Sasol -- Integrated energy and chemical company based in Sasolburg (Plant 1)and Secunda (plant 2 & 3) South Africa
Wikipedia - Semiconductor device fabrication -- Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
Wikipedia - Semiconductor fabrication plant -- Factory where integrated circuits are manufactured
Wikipedia - Small outline integrated circuit -- Surface mount variant of DIP
Wikipedia - Smart card -- Pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits for identification or payment functions
Wikipedia - Southern Integrated Gateway -- Land border control in Johor, Malaysia
Wikipedia - Space Integrated GPS/INS
Wikipedia - Sprite (computer graphics) -- Term in computer graphics; two-dimensional bitmap that is integrated into a larger scene
Wikipedia - State-integrated school -- Type of school in New Zealand
Wikipedia - STOXX -- Swiss globally integrated index provider
Wikipedia - Substrate integrated waveguide -- A synthetic rectangular electromagnetic waveguide
Wikipedia - Sverdrup balance -- A theoretical relationship between the wind stress exerted on the surface of the open ocean and the vertically integrated meridional (north-south) transport of ocean water.
Wikipedia - System on module -- A board-level circuit that integrates a system function in a single module
Wikipedia - Technological convergence -- Theory that unrelated technologies become integrated over time
Wikipedia - Template talk:Integrated development environments
Wikipedia - Texas Instruments SN76477 -- Sound generating integrated circuit
Wikipedia - Three-dimensional integrated circuit -- Integrated circuit with vertical interconnections
Wikipedia - Tower Semiconductor -- Integrated circuit manufacturer
Wikipedia - Transmit and receive integrated assembly -- Part of a two-way satellite dish antenna
Wikipedia - Turbo C++ -- Compiler and integrated development environment and computer language originally from Borland
Wikipedia - Unification of Germany -- Creation of a politically and administratively integrated nation state of German-speaking populations in 1871, in the form of the German Empire
Wikipedia - Universal integrated circuit card -- Smart card used to uniquely identify a mobile device on a cellular network
Wikipedia - Very Large Scale Integration -- Process of creating an integrated circuit by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip
Wikipedia - Vizastar -- Integrated software package for the Commodore 64
Wikipedia - Wafer-level packaging -- Packaging an integrated circuit while still part of the wafer, or, bare dies that are used as integrated circuits without any packaging
Wikipedia - Willmore conjecture -- A lower bound on the integrated squared mean curvature of a torus
Wikipedia - Zig-zag in-line package -- Type of integrated circuit packaging
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/21281543-debunking-economics---revised-expanded-and-integrated-edition
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/21296590-integrated-principles-of-zoology
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2173224.Spiritually_Integrated_Psychotherapy
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/38944539-lms-integrated-for-mindtap-education-1-term-6-months-printed-access-c
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/39870557-integrated-periodization-in-sports-training-athletic-development
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/402216.Gestalt_Therapy_Integrated
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/42363258-disintegrate-dissociate
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/42366036-vertically-integrated-architectures
https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Sera-Je#How_the_Lam_Rim_.28Graduated_Path_to_Enlightenment.29_is_integrated_in_the_Monastery
Integral World - Integrated Metaphysical Reflections, Elliot Benjamin
Integral World - Integrated Politics: Libertarians and Liberals Against the War in Afghanistan, Elliot Benjamin
Integral World - 1st Person/2nd Person/3rd Person Integrated Perspective on the Alleged Phenomenon of Life after Death, Elliot Benjamin
Integral World - Masculinity, Politics, and Tennis: An Integrated Experiential Perspective, Elliot Benjamin
Integral World - Killing Sprees and Media Violence: A Primary Culprit in an Integrated Perspective?, Elliot Benjamin
Integral World - Clinton vs. Trump: A More Integrated Perspective, Elliot Benjamin
Integral World - The Frictionless Future, When "Extended" Reality Becomes Seamlessly Integrated into our Day to Day Lives, David Lane
selforum - integrated spiritual and life insights
selforum - sri aurobindo integrates mystic and
selforum - summer camp on integrated yoga from
selforum - ken wilber integrated sri aurobindos
selforum - sri aurobindo integrated eastern and
wiki.auroville - Integrated_Animal_Care_Centre
wiki.auroville - Integrated_Transport_Services
Braingames (1984 - 1985) - "Braingames" was a series featuring interactive brain teaser puzzles that integrated history, art, music, culture, and sports. Each episode featured such as "Wrongovia" (Mystery and History), "Safari Solitaire" (Animal Quiz), "Memory Rock" (Memory Challenge), and many more.
Hearts Afire (1992 - 1995) - John Ritter returns to TV in a genial sitcom, playing an aide to a senator (Gaynes). His life is somewhat complicated by his wife (Post)'s father (Asner) having spent a long stretch in prison for financial impropriety, and her somewhat-unnecessary attempts to re-integrate him into society.
Folks!(1992) - In this comedy, stockbroker Jon Aldrich (Tom Selleck) is the man who has it all, until his ill, aging parents (Don Ameche and Anne Jackson) move in with him. As his perfect life begins to disintegrate bit by bit, Jon becomes more and more depressed and disillusioned. Finally, broke and friendless, J...
I, Robot(2004) - It's the year 2035, and the community now has the help of robots. These robots have three laws integrated into their system. One, they cannot harm a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Two, they must do whatever they're told by a human being as long as such orders...
Contempt (1963) ::: 7.6/10 -- Le mpris (original title) -- Contempt Poster -- Screenwriter Paul Javal's marriage to his wife Camille disintegrates during movie production as she spends time with the producer. Layered conflicts between art and business ensue. Director: Jean-Luc Godard Writer:
Manifest ::: TV-14 | 43min | Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi | TV Series (2018 ) -- After being presumed dead, passengers onboard Flight 828 return and discover the world has aged five years. As they reintegrate into society, they begin to experience guiding voices and visions, and soon a deeper mystery unfolds. Creator:
Remember the Titans (2000) ::: 7.8/10 -- PG | 1h 53min | Biography, Drama, Sport | 29 September 2000 (USA) -- The true story of a newly appointed African-American coach and his high school team on their first season as a racially integrated unit. Director: Boaz Yakin Writer: Gregory Allen Howard
Remember the Titans (2000) ::: 7.8/10 -- PG | 1h 53min | Biography, Drama, Sport | 29 September 2000 (USA) -- The true story of a newly appointed African-American coach and his high school team on their first season as a racially integrated unit.
Sherrybaby (2006) ::: 6.6/10 -- R | 1h 36min | Drama | 9 February 2007 (Sweden) -- Sherry tries to integrate again into society and become a good mother. Director: Laurie Collyer Writer: Laurie Collyer
Star-Crossed ::: TV-14 | 1h | Drama, Romance, Sci-Fi | TV Series (2014) -- About an epic romance between a human girl and an alien boy when he and others of his kind are integrated into a suburban high school 10 years after they landed on Earth and were consigned to an internment camp. Creator:
Thank You for Your Service (2017) ::: 6.6/10 -- R | 1h 49min | Biography, Drama, War | 27 October 2017 (USA) -- A group of U.S. soldiers returning from Iraq struggle to integrate back into family and civilian life, while living with the memory of a war that threatens to destroy them long after they've left the battlefield. Director: Jason Hall Writers:
Under the Sand (2000) ::: 7.1/10 -- Sous le sable (original title) -- Under the Sand Poster When her husband goes missing at the beach, a female professor begins to mentally disintegrate as her denial of his disappearance becomes delusional. Director: Franois Ozon Writers: Franois Ozon (scenario and dialogue), Emmanule Bernheim (collaboration) | 2 more credits
Under the Sand (2000) ::: 7.1/10 -- Sous le sable (original title) -- Under the Sand Poster When her husband goes missing at the beach, a female professor begins to mentally disintegrate as her denial of his disappearance becomes delusional. Director:
https://aliens.fandom.com/wiki/Integrated_Data_Entity
https://copie.fandom.com/wiki/Integrated_Business_Support
https://diablo.fandom.com/wiki/Disintegrate
https://dnd4.fandom.com/wiki/Disintegrate
https://education.fandom.com/wiki/Designing_Adult_Learning_for_Local_Integrated_Development
https://education.fandom.com/wiki/GIVE-Globally_Integrated_Village_Environment
https://elderscrolls.fandom.com/wiki/Disintegrate_(Online)
https://elderscrolls.fandom.com/wiki/Disintegrate_(Skyrim)
https://forgottenrealms.fandom.com/wiki/Disintegrate
https://how-to.fandom.com/wiki/How_to_identify_computer_chips_or_integrated_circuits_on_circuit_boards
https://how-to.fandom.com/wiki/How_to_identify_integrated_circuit_(chip)_manufacturers_by_their_logos/A-E
https://java.fandom.com/wiki/Integrated_Development_Environment
https://logos.fandom.com/wiki/Viacom18_Integrated_Network_Solutions
https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Underground_Liberated_Totally_Integrated_Mobile_Army_To_Unite_Mankind_(Earth-616)
https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Virtual_Integrated_Rapidly-evolving_Grid-based_Intelligent_Lifeform_(Earth-9528)
https://muvluv.fandom.com/wiki/Muv-Luv_Integrate
https://nintendo.fandom.com/wiki/Nintendo_Integrated_Research_and_Development
https://nintendo.fandom.com/wiki/Nintendo_Integrated_Research_&_Development
https://solarcooking.fandom.com/wiki/Integrated_Cooking_Method
https://starshiptroopers.fandom.com/wiki/Strategically_Integrated_Coalition_Of_Nations
https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/NJP-900_integrated_jetpack
Clamp Gakuen Tanteidan -- -- Studio Pierrot -- 26 eps -- Manga -- Action Mystery Comedy Shoujo -- Clamp Gakuen Tanteidan Clamp Gakuen Tanteidan -- The CLAMP school, with its integrated curriculum from kindergarten to post-graduate studies, was founded by the largest of Japanese business empires, the House of Imonoyama. Funded entirely out of its own deep pockets, it was hoped that the school would be a haven for young men and women on whose shoulders our future would rest. -- -- The School is open to any talented individual, irrespective of his or her lineage or financial standing and is known to count scores of singularly talented pupils. It is furthermore also famous for its harboring of a remarkable percentage of party animals. Not even the bright and talented minds of CLAMP School can keep the campus free of crimes and mysteries. Or can they? Join Nokoru, Suoh and Akira, our case-cracking kid detectives, as they save the day and even the odd damsel in distress! -- -- (Source: Bandai Entertainment) -- -- Licensor: -- Bandai Entertainment, Maiden Japan -- TV - May 3, 1997 -- 11,755 6.89
Demi-chan wa Kataritai -- -- A-1 Pictures -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Comedy Vampire Fantasy School Seinen -- Demi-chan wa Kataritai Demi-chan wa Kataritai -- High school biology teacher Tetsuo Takahashi may look like your average everyday instructor, but beneath his gentle appearance lies something less ordinary: his fascination for the "Ajin," more commonly known as "Demi." Although these half-human, half-monster beings have integrated into human society, Takahashi believes that much about them will remain unknown unless he interacts with them firsthand. -- -- Demi-chan wa Kataritai follows Takahashi's daily life in Shibasaki High School together with his three Demi students—Hikari Takanashi, an energetic vampire; Kyouko Machi, a gentle dullahan; and Yuki Kusakabe, the shy snow woman. Along the way, Takahashi also meets fellow teacher Sakie Satou, a succubus with an aversion towards men. To fulfill his goal of learning more about the Demi, Takahashi decides to conduct casual interviews with the girls to learn more about their abilities, psyche, and interaction with human society. As Takahashi strengthens his bond with his students, he soon discovers that the Demi are not as unusual as he initially believed. -- -- 328,868 7.60
Demi-chan wa Kataritai -- -- A-1 Pictures -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Comedy Vampire Fantasy School Seinen -- Demi-chan wa Kataritai Demi-chan wa Kataritai -- High school biology teacher Tetsuo Takahashi may look like your average everyday instructor, but beneath his gentle appearance lies something less ordinary: his fascination for the "Ajin," more commonly known as "Demi." Although these half-human, half-monster beings have integrated into human society, Takahashi believes that much about them will remain unknown unless he interacts with them firsthand. -- -- Demi-chan wa Kataritai follows Takahashi's daily life in Shibasaki High School together with his three Demi students—Hikari Takanashi, an energetic vampire; Kyouko Machi, a gentle dullahan; and Yuki Kusakabe, the shy snow woman. Along the way, Takahashi also meets fellow teacher Sakie Satou, a succubus with an aversion towards men. To fulfill his goal of learning more about the Demi, Takahashi decides to conduct casual interviews with the girls to learn more about their abilities, psyche, and interaction with human society. As Takahashi strengthens his bond with his students, he soon discovers that the Demi are not as unusual as he initially believed. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Crunchyroll, Funimation -- 328,868 7.60
Diamond no Ace: Act II -- -- Madhouse -- 52 eps -- Manga -- Comedy School Shounen Sports -- Diamond no Ace: Act II Diamond no Ace: Act II -- The hallowed ground of Koshien Stadium is the "field of dreams," where the ambitions of high school baseball players come true. After emerging victorious in the autumn tournament last year, Seidou High School baseball's team has finally earned the right to compete there for the first time in seven years. Beyond the spring tournament looms the battle to decide who is the best team in the nation — the Summer Koshien. -- -- With the third-year players due to retire after the summer tournament, the team has to integrate the experience of the seniors and the potential of the newcomers to overcome familiar and new opponents alike and win the coveted national title. -- -- Meanwhile, pitcher Eijun Sawamura is as determined as ever to earn jersey No. 1 and seize the position of "ace" from his persistent rival, Satoru Furuya. As the team prepares for their greatest challenge yet, Sawamura and Furuya carry on their struggle to lead their team to glory and become the star of the game: the true "Ace of the Diamond." -- -- 58,455 8.23
Gakusen Toshi Asterisk -- -- A-1 Pictures -- 12 eps -- Light novel -- Action Comedy Ecchi Fantasy Harem Romance School Sci-Fi Supernatural -- Gakusen Toshi Asterisk Gakusen Toshi Asterisk -- In the previous century, an unprecedented disaster known as the Invertia drastically reformed the world. The powers of existing nations declined significantly, paving the way for a conglomerate called the Integrated Empire Foundation to assume control. But more importantly, the Invertia led to the emergence of a new species of humans who are born with phenomenal physical capabilities—the Genestella. Its elite are hand-picked across the globe to attend the top six schools, and they duel amongst themselves in entertainment battles called Festas. -- -- Ayato Amagiri is a scholarship transfer student at the prestigious Seidoukan Academy, which has recently been suffering from declining performances. Through a series of events, he accidentally sees the popular Witch of Resplendent Flames, Julis-Alexia von Riessfeld, half-dressed! Enraged, Julis challenges him to a duel for intruding on her privacy. After said duel is voided by the student council president, Ayato reveals that he has no interest in Festas. Instead, he has enrolled in the academy to investigate the whereabouts of his missing elder sister. But when a more devious plot unravels, Ayato sets out to achieve victory, while being surrounded by some of the most talented Genestella on the planet. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Aniplex of America -- 507,111 6.88
Kono Sekai no Katasumi ni -- -- MAPPA -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Historical Drama Seinen -- Kono Sekai no Katasumi ni Kono Sekai no Katasumi ni -- Suzu Urano is a pure and kindhearted girl who loves to draw and keep her head in the clouds. Growing up in the outskirts of Hiroshima with her family, she is more than happy to help with her grandmother's nori business. -- -- However, when she becomes of age, Suzu leaves her beloved home to marry Shuusaku Houjou, a man she barely knows. As she integrates into her new husband's household, the homesick bride struggles to adjust to the unfamiliar environment as the war effort extends far beyond its point of no return. When the war reaches Suzu's own backyard and peace gives way to brutality, how will she support herself and those she comes to love along the way? -- -- Kono Sekai no Katasumi ni paints a colorful yet haunting depiction of everyday life in the years before and after World War II, showcasing the perseverance and fortitude of ordinary Japanese during one of the darkest periods of modern history. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Shout! Factory -- Movie - Nov 12, 2016 -- 130,034 8.23
Psycho-Pass: Sinners of the System Case.2 - First Guardian -- -- Production I.G -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Police Psychological Sci-Fi -- Psycho-Pass: Sinners of the System Case.2 - First Guardian Psycho-Pass: Sinners of the System Case.2 - First Guardian -- Enforcer Teppei Sugou, former ace pilot of the National Defence Army's 15th Integrated Task Force, is visited by a scout from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and invited to rejoin the military. While considering the offer, he recalls his last months of service. -- -- His last mission, Operation Foot Stamp, had been a highly classified military strike against the Southeast Asian Union. The operation quickly went south for the ground forces, and Sugou's First Guardian drone was ordered in as air support to drop emergency supplies for the ground units and then return to base. Following orders against his own judgement, Sugou abandoned his comrades on the field. -- -- Many lives were lost during the operation, including Itsuki Otomo, Sugou's commanding officer. However, three months later, following a massacre at the Ministry of Defence, Otomo was spotted at the scene on camera. Now a suspect in an act of terrorism, Sugou cooperates with Enforcer Tomomi Masaoka and CID Division One as they hunt his former mentor down. -- -- Movie - Feb 15, 2019 -- 59,734 7.48
Tokyo Ghoul -- -- Studio Pierrot -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Action Mystery Horror Psychological Supernatural Drama Seinen -- Tokyo Ghoul Tokyo Ghoul -- Tokyo has become a cruel and merciless city—a place where vicious creatures called "ghouls" exist alongside humans. The citizens of this once great metropolis live in constant fear of these bloodthirsty savages and their thirst for human flesh. However, the greatest threat these ghouls pose is their dangerous ability to masquerade as humans and blend in with society. -- -- Based on the best-selling supernatural horror manga by Sui Ishida, Tokyo Ghoul follows Ken Kaneki, a shy, bookish college student, who is instantly drawn to Rize Kamishiro, an avid reader like himself. However, Rize is not exactly who she seems, and this unfortunate meeting pushes Kaneki into the dark depths of the ghouls' inhuman world. In a twist of fate, Kaneki is saved by the enigmatic waitress Touka Kirishima, and thus begins his new, secret life as a half-ghoul/half-human who must find a way to integrate into both societies. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- 2,034,029 7.80
Trinity Seven -- -- Seven Arcs Pictures -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Action Harem Comedy Supernatural Magic Romance Ecchi Fantasy School Shounen -- Trinity Seven Trinity Seven -- One day, the bright red sun stopped shining, causing the "Breakdown Phenomenon"—the destruction of Arata Kasuga's town and the disappearance of the people inhabiting it. All, however, is not yet lost; by utilizing the magical grimoire given to him by his childhood friend and cousin Hijiri Kasuga, Arata's world gets artificially reconstructed. -- -- In order to investigate the phenomenon, Lilith Asami appears before Arata, whose artificial world suddenly disintegrates. He is given two choices: hand over the book, or die. However, Arata chooses the third option—enrolling in the top-secret magic school Royal Biblia Academy, where six other magical users await him. Together with Lilith, these six form the Trinity Seven, the elite of the school who each bolster their own power and skill. -- -- With the ambition to save Hijiri and the help of his newfound friends, Arata stops at nothing to prevent the destruction of his beloved hometown and to bring his best friend back. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- 638,128 7.14
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Category:Integrated_development_environments
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications#Integrated_development_environments
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications/Utilities#Integrated_development_environments
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Renamed_Messier_81_-_82_and_Integrated_Flux_Nebula_(26867761973).jpg
4000-series integrated circuits
7400-series integrated circuits
Adaptive participatory integrated approach
Addison-Wesley Secondary Math: An Integrated Approach: Focus on Algebra
Advanced Integrated Manufacturing
Aguarage National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area
Aircraft Ship Integrated Secure and Traverse
Ajorpazi Jajarm Integrated Furnace
Amplitude integrated electroencephalography
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Apolobamba Integrated Management Natural Area
Application-specific integrated circuit
Architecture of Integrated Information Systems
Autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average
Autoregressive integrated moving average
Bachelor of Integrated Studies
BAE Systems Integrated System Technologies
Bipolar Integrated Technology
Book:Integrated pest management
Building-integrated agriculture
Building-integrated photovoltaics
Center for Integrated Plasma Studies
Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich
Centre for Integrated Photonics
Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific
Chief of Integrated Defence Staff
Coast Guard Integrated Support Command
Combustion Integrated Rack
Comparison of integrated development environments
Component-integrated ACE ORB
Computer-integrated manufacturing
Content and language integrated learning
Cotapata National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area
Customer integrated system
Custom Integrated Circuits Conference
Defense Integrated Military Human Resources System
Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System
Die (integrated circuit)
Disintegrate (EP)
Draft:Integrated model of human sexuality
East Coast Integrated Depot
Eastern Institute for Integrated Learning in Management University
El Palmar Integrated Management Natural Area
Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database
Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems
English for Integrated Studies
Enhanced Integrated Framework
European Union Integrated Rule of Law Mission in Iraq
Exponential integrate-and-fire
Family integrated church
Forest integrated pest management
Framework for integrated test
Fully Integrated Robotised Engine
Future Integrated Soldier Technology
Game integrated development environment
GDI Integrated Facility Services
Genki: An Integrated Course in Elementary Japanese
Globally integrated enterprise
Greater Manchester Integrated Transport Authority
Heat generation in integrated circuits
High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment
Hogenakkal Integrated Drinking Water Project
HP Integrated Lights-Out
Hybrid integrated circuit
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Iao National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area
Individual Integrated Fighting System
Integrated Applications Promotion
Integrated arts
Integrated assessment modelling
Integrated Authority File
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
Integrated Ballistics Identification System
Integrated Blood Pressure Control
Integrated Brilliant Education
Integrated business planning
Integrated Carbon Observation System
Integrated care
Integrated cargo carrier
Integrated Child Development Services
Integrated circuit
Integrated circuit design
Integrated circuit layout
Integrated circuit layout design protection
Integrated circuit packaging
Integrated Civilian Home Defense Forces
Integrated coastal zone management
Integrated collaboration environment
Integrated computational materials engineering
Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing
Integrated Conflict Early Warning System
Integrated Cycling Federation of the Philippines
Integrated Data Store
Integrated Deepwater System Program
Integrated Defense Systems
Integrated delivery system
Integrated development environment
Integrated Development Region of Greater Teresina
Integrated device manufacturer
Integrated Device Technology
Integrated digital television
Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme
Integrated Dynamics
Integrated education
Integrated Electrical Services
Integrated electric propulsion
Integrated Electronic Control Centre
Integrated Electronic Litigation System
Integrated Electronics Piezo-Electric
Integrated Encryption Scheme
Integrated engineering
Integrated enterprise modeling
Integrated farming
Integrated financial advisor (India)
Integrated floating cage aquageoponics system
Integrated Flux Nebula
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Integrated framing assembly
Integrated gasification combined cycle
Integrated gasification fuel cell cycle
Integrated gate-commutated thyristor
Integrated geography
Integrated Global System Model
Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme
Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology
Integrated human studies
Integrated Index for Postal Development
Integrated information theory
Integrated injection logic
Integrated Innovation Institute
Integrated, Intra-Squad Radio
Integrated learning systems
Integrated library system
Integrated logistics support
Integrated Management Associates
Integrated Management Concept
Integrated manure utilization system
Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia
Integrated master plan
Integrated mathematics
Integrated Medical Systems International
Integrated Microbial Genomes System
Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc.
Integrated Micro Solutions
Integrated modification methodology
Integrated modular avionics
Integrated Motor Assist
Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Integrated Ocean Observing System
Integrated operations
Integrated Operations in the High North
Integrated Opisthorchiasis Control Program
Integrated Performance Primitives
Integrated Personnel and Pay System - Army
Integrated pest management
Integrated pilot training
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System
Integrated Powerhead Demonstrator
Integrated Process Automation
Integrated Programme
Integrated programme
Integrated project
Integrated project delivery
Integrated Public Alert and Warning System
Integrated pulmonary index
Integrated quantum photonics
Integrated reporting
Integrated resort
Integrated Review
Integrated safe system of work
Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun
Integrated Security Unit
Integrated Sensor is Structure
Integrated services
Integrated Services Digital Network
Integrated Soldier System Project
Integrated standby instrument system
Integrated Strategies
Integrated stress response
Integrated Support Command Alameda
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Integrated Telecom Company
Integrated Telecom Technology
Integrated Terrorism Assessment Centre
Integrated Test Range
Integrated threat theory
Integrated ticketing
Integrated Truss Structure
Integrated Undersea Surveillance System insignia
Integrated urban water management
Integrated urban water management in Medelln
Integrated vehicle health management
Integrated Visual Augmentation System
Integrated water and power plant
Integrated water resources management
Integrated Windows Authentication
Integrated workplace management system
Integrated Woz Machine
Integrated writing environment
Interconnect (integrated circuits)
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
Java APIs for Integrated Networks
Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense
Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area
Language Integrated Query
Linear integrated circuit
Linear Integrated Systems
List of 4000-series integrated circuits
List of 7400-series integrated circuits
List of integrated circuit manufacturers
List of integrated circuit packaging types
List of LM-series integrated circuits
List of Nikon F-mount lenses with integrated autofocus motor
Maxim Integrated
Mean integrated squared error
Mixed-signal integrated circuit
Modular Integrated Communications Helmet
Monnow Vale Integrated Health and Social Care Facility
Monolithic microwave integrated circuit
Multiple integrated laser engagement system
Museum integrated pest management
NASA Integrated Services Network
National Integrated Ballistic Information Network
National Integrated College
National Integrated Directory Inquiry Service
National Integrated Drought Information System
National Integrated Drought Information System Reauthorization Act of 2013
National Integrated Medical Association
National Integrated Service for the Administration of Customs Duties and Taxes
National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems
NATO Integrated Air Defense System
Network-Integrated Multimedia Middleware
Nigerian National Integrated Power Project
Nintendo Integrated Research & Development
Notre Dame of Dadiangas University Integrated Basic Education Department
Oakgrove Integrated College
Online integrated development environment
Open Palmtop Integrated Environment
Paraaque Integrated Terminal Exchange
Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex
Photonic integrated circuit
Physically integrated dance
Power management integrated circuit
Prague Integrated Transport
Readout integrated circuit
Riken integrated database of mammals
Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine
San Matas Integrated Management Natural Area
Shipboard Integrated Communications System
Single Integrated Air Picture
Single Integrated Operational Plan
Small outline integrated circuit
Soldier Integrated Protective Ensemble
Southern Integrated Gateway
South West Wales Integrated Transport Consortium
Soviet integrated circuit designation
Substrate integrated waveguide
SX000i - International guide for the use of the S-Series of Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) specifications
System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting
Taguig Integrated Terminal Exchange
Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust
Technology Education And Research Integrated Institutions
The Integrated Qualifications Register
The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health
The Radiology Integrated Training Initiative
Thermal simulations for integrated circuits
Three-dimensional integrated circuit
Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
Trunks Integrated Record Keeping System
Tyco Integrated Security
United Nations Integrated Mission in East Timor
United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi
United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone
United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau
United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone
United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali
Universal integrated circuit card
Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management
Vertically integrated liquid
Victoria Integrated Care Centre, Helensburgh
Volumetric Imaging and Processing of Integrated Radar
Weather and Society Integrated Studies
Work-integrated learning
World Integrated Trade Solution
convenience portal:
recent: Section Maps - index table - favoritesSavitri --Savitri extended toc Savitri Section Map --1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
authors -- Crowley - Peterson - Borges - Wilber - Teresa -Aurobindo -Ramakrishna - Maharshi -Mother
places -- Garden - Inf. Art Gallery - Inf. Building - Inf. Library - Labyrinth - Library - School -Temple - Tower - Tower of MEM
powers -- Aspiration - Beauty - Concentration - Effort - Faith - Force - Grace - inspiration -Presence - Purity - Sincerity - surrender
difficulties -- cowardice - depres. - distract. - distress - dryness - evil - fear - forget - habits - impulse - incapacity - irritation - lost - mistakes - obscur. - problem - resist - sadness - self-deception - shame - sin - suffering
practices -- Lucid Dreaming - meditation - project - programming - Prayer - read Savitri - studysubjects -- CS - Cybernetics - Game Dev - Integral Theory - Integral Yoga - Kabbalah - Language - Philosophy - Poetry - Zen
6.01 books -- KC - ABA - Null -Savitri - SA O TAOC -SICP - The Gospel of SRK - TIC - The Library of Babel -TLD -TSOY - TTYODAS - TSZ - WOTM II
8 unsorted / add here -- Always - Everyday - Verbs
Top of Page