TOPICS

new_computer

SEE ALSO

AUTH

BOOKS

Big_Mind,_Big_Heart

Computer_Power_and_Human_Reason

Cybernetics,_or_Control_and_Communication_in_the_Animal_and_the_Machine

Eloquent_Javascript

Enchiridion_text

Full_Circle

General_Principles_of_Kabbalah

Infinite_Library

Life_without_Death

Process_and_Reality

Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs

The_Art_of_Computer_Programming

The_Golden_Bough

the_Stack

The_Use_and_Abuse_of_History

The_Yoga_Sutras

IN CHAPTERS TITLE

1.05_-_Computing_Machines_and_the_Nervous_System

new_computer

IN CHAPTERS CLASSNAME

new_computer

IN CHAPTERS TEXT

0.00_-_The_Wellspring_of_Reality

04.07_-_Matter_Aspires

05.01_-_Man_and_the_Gods

05.06_-_Physics_or_philosophy

06.01_-_The_End_of_a_Civilisation

07.04_-_The_Triple_Soul-Forces

1.00d_-_Introduction

1.01_-_Newtonian_and_Bergsonian_Time

1.02_-_MAPS_OF_MEANING_-_THREE_LEVELS_OF_ANALYSIS

1.02_-_The_7_Habits__An_Overview

1.03_-_Measure_of_time,_Moments_of_Kashthas,_etc.

1.03_-_Questions_and_Answers

1.03_-_Time_Series,_Information,_and_Communication

1.04_-_GOD_IN_THE_WORLD

1.04_-_THE_APPEARANCE_OF_ANOMALY_-_CHALLENGE_TO_THE_SHARED_MAP

1.05_-_2010_and_1956_-_Doomsday?

1.05_-_Computing_Machines_and_the_Nervous_System

1.06_-_Gestalt_and_Universals

1.06_-_The_Breaking_of_the_Limits

1.07_-_A_Song_of_Longing_for_Tara,_the_Infallible

1.07_-_BOOK_THE_SEVENTH

1.07_-_Cybernetics_and_Psychopathology

1.10_-_THE_FORMATION_OF_THE_NOOSPHERE

1.11_-_BOOK_THE_ELEVENTH

1.14_-_The_Book_of_Magic_Formulae

1.15_-_In_the_Domain_of_the_Spirit_Beings

1.22_-_THE_END_OF_THE_SPECIES

1.65_-_Man

1.67_-_The_External_Soul_in_Folk-Custom

1.69_-_Farewell_to_Nemi

1929-05-26_-_Individual,_illusion_of_separateness_-_Hostile_forces_and_the_mental_plane_-_Psychic_world,_psychic_being_-_Spiritual_and_psychic_-_Words,_understanding_speech_and_reading_-_Hostile_forces,_their_utility_-_Illusion_of_action,_true_action

1954-07-14_-_The_Divine_and_the_Shakti_-_Personal_effort_-_Speaking_and_thinking_-_Doubt_-_Self-giving,_consecration_and_surrender_-_Mothers_use_of_flowers_-_Ornaments_and_protection

1f.lovecraft_-_At_the_Mountains_of_Madness

1f.lovecraft_-_In_the_Vault

1f.lovecraft_-_The_Horror_at_Red_Hook

1.rb_-_Bishop_Blougram's_Apology

1.rb_-_Paracelsus_-_Part_II_-_Paracelsus_Attains

1.rb_-_Sordello_-_Book_the_Third

1.rwe_-_Initial_Love

1.rwe_-_Wealth

1.sig_-_Thou_art_One

1.whitman_-_Chanting_The_Square_Deific

1.ww_-_The_Old_Cumberland_Beggar

2.01_-_Habit_1__Be_Proactive

2.02_-_Habit_2__Begin_with_the_End_in_Mind

2.05_-_Habit_3__Put_First_Things_First

2.14_-_The_Unpacking_of_God

2.22_-_Rebirth_and_Other_Worlds;_Karma,_the_Soul_and_Immortality

3.04_-_LUNA

3.05_-_SAL

3.05_-_The_Conjunction

3-5_Full_Circle

37.05_-_Narada_-_Sanatkumara_(Chhandogya_Upanishad)

3.7.1.11_-_Rebirth_and_Karma

4.02_-_Humanity_in_Progress

5.4.01_-_Notes_on_Root-Sounds

Apology

BOOK_III._-_The_external_calamities_of_Rome

BOOK_II._--_PART_I._ANTHROPOGENESIS.

BOOK_II._--_PART_III._ADDENDA._SCIENCE_AND_THE_SECRET_DOCTRINE_CONTRASTED

BOOK_II._--_PART_II._THE_ARCHAIC_SYMBOLISM_OF_THE_WORLD-RELIGIONS

BOOK_I._--_PART_III._SCIENCE_AND_THE_SECRET_DOCTRINE_CONTRASTED

BOOK_XIII._-_That_death_is_penal,_and_had_its_origin_in_Adam's_sin

BOOK_XII._-_Of_the_creation_of_angels_and_men,_and_of_the_origin_of_evil

BOOK_XVIII._-_A_parallel_history_of_the_earthly_and_heavenly_cities_from_the_time_of_Abraham_to_the_end_of_the_world

BOOK_XV._-_The_progress_of_the_earthly_and_heavenly_cities_traced_by_the_sacred_history

BOOK_XXI._-_Of_the_eternal_punishment_of_the_wicked_in_hell,_and_of_the_various_objections_urged_against_it

BS_1_-_Introduction_to_the_Idea_of_God

ENNEAD_02.09_-_Against_the_Gnostics;_or,_That_the_Creator_and_the_World_are_Not_Evil.

ENNEAD_03.07_-_Of_Time_and_Eternity.

ENNEAD_04.02_-_How_the_Soul_Mediates_Between_Indivisible_and_Divisible_Essence.

ENNEAD_06.05_-_The_One_and_Identical_Being_is_Everywhere_Present_In_Its_Entirety.345

Euthyphro

For_a_Breath_I_Tarry

new_computer

The_Act_of_Creation_text

The_Circular_Ruins

The_Dwellings_of_the_Philosophers

The_Last_Question

The_Library_of_Babel

Timaeus

PRIMARY CLASS

programming

technology

SIMILAR TITLES

8 bit computer

comput

computer

computer daemon

Computer Engineering

Computer Power and Human Reason

Computer Science

computer stuff I want to learn and make

Computronium

Essential Books of Computer Science

How cybernetics connects computing, counterculture, and design

my computer

new computer

programs (Computer Science)

Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs

The Art of Computer Programming

the God of Computation

TERMS STARTING WITH

computability theory "mathematics" The area of theoretical computer science concerning what problems can be solved by any computer. A function is computable if an {algorithm} can be implemented which will give the correct output for any valid input. Since computer programs are {countable} but {real numbers} are not, it follows that there must exist real numbers that cannot be calculated by any program. Unfortunately, by definition, there isn't an easy way of describing any of them! In fact, there are many tasks (not just calculating real numbers) that computers cannot perform. The most well-known is the {halting problem}, the {busy beaver} problem is less famous but just as fascinating. ["Computability", N.J. Cutland. (A well written undergraduate-level introduction to the subject)]. ["The Turing Omnibus", A.K. Dewdeney]. (1995-01-13)

computability theory ::: (mathematics) The area of theoretical computer science concerning what problems can be solved by any computer.A function is computable if an algorithm can be implemented which will give the correct output for any valid input.Since computer programs are countable but real numbers are not, it follows that there must exist real numbers that cannot be calculated by any program. Unfortunately, by definition, there isn't an easy way of describing any of them!In fact, there are many tasks (not just calculating real numbers) that computers cannot perform. The most well-known is the halting problem, the busy beaver problem is less famous but just as fascinating.[Computability, N.J. Cutland. (A well written undergraduate-level introduction to the subject)].[The Turing Omnibus, A.K. Dewdeney]. (1995-01-13)

computable ::: a. --> Capable of being computed, numbered, or reckoned.

computable {computability theory}

computational chemistry ::: A branch of chemistry that uses computer simulation to assist in solving chemical problems.

computational complexity "algorithm" The number of steps or arithmetic operations required to solve a computational problem. One of the three kinds of {complexity}. (1996-04-24)

computational complexity ::: (algorithm) The number of steps or arithmetic operations required to solve a computational problem. One of the three kinds of complexity. (1996-04-24)

computational complexity theory ::: Focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating these classes to each other. A computational problem is a task solved by a computer. A computation problem is solvable by mechanical application of mathematical steps, such as an algorithm.

computational creativity

computational cybernetics ::: The integration of cybernetics and computational intelligence techniques.

computational geometry "mathematics" The study of {algorithms} for combinatorial, topological, and metric problems concerning sets of points, typically in {Euclidean space}. Representative areas of research include geometric search, convexity, proximity, intersection, and {linear programming}. (1997-08-03)

computational geometry ::: (mathematics) The study of algorithms for combinatorial, topological, and metric problems concerning sets of points, typically in Euclidean space. Representative areas of research include geometric search, convexity, proximity, intersection, and linear programming. (1997-08-03)

computational humor ::: A branch of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence which uses computers in humor research.[95]

computational intelligence (CI) ::: Usually refers to the ability of a computer to learn a specific task from data or experimental observation.

computational learning {grammatical inference}

computational learning theory ::: In computer science, computational learning theory (or just learning theory) is a subfield of artificial intelligence devoted to studying the design and analysis of machine learning algorithms.[96]

computational linguistics ::: An interdisciplinary field concerned with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions.

computational mathematics ::: The mathematical research in areas of science where computing plays an essential role.

computational molecular biology "application" The area of {bioinformatics} concerning the use of computers to characterise the molecular components of living things. (2005-01-07)

computational molecular biology ::: (application) The area of bioinformatics concerning the use of computers to characterise the molecular components of living things.(2005-01-07)

computational neuroscience

computational number theory

computational problem ::: In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is a mathematical object representing a collection of questions that computers might be able to solve.

computational statistics

computation ::: n. --> The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.
The result of computation; the amount computed.

computed ::: determined by mathematics, especially by numerical methods.

computed ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Compute

computed tomography (CT): imaging technique using X-rays.

computer audition (CA) ::: See machine listening.

computer-automated design (CAutoD) ::: Design automation usually refers to electronic design automation, or Design Automation which is a Product Configurator. Extending Computer-Aided Design (CAD), automated design and computer-automated design[101][102][103] are concerned with a broader range of applications, such as automotive engineering, civil engineering,[104][105][106][107] composite material design, control engineering,[108] dynamic system identification and optimization,[109] financial systems, industrial equipment, mechatronic systems, steel construction,[110] structural optimisation,[111] and the invention of novel systems. More recently, traditional CAD simulation is seen to be transformed to CAutoD by biologically inspired machine learning,[112] including heuristic search techniques such as evolutionary computation,[113][114] and swarm intelligence algorithms.[115]

computer ::: (computer) A machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Computers can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.The physical components from which a computer is constructed (electronic circuits and input/output devices) are known as hardware. Most computers have slower, cheaper, long-term memory (e.g. magnetic disk and magnetic tape) to hold programs and data between jobs.See also analogue computer. (1995-03-10)

computer "computer" A machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Computers can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can store and retrieve large amounts of data. Most computers in use today are electronic {digital computers} (as opposed to {analogue computers}). The physical components from which a computer is constructed are known as {hardware}, which can be of four types: {CPU}, {memory}, {input devices} and {output devices}. The CPU ({central processing unit}) executes {software} {programs} which tell the computer what to do. Input and output (I/O) devices allow the computer to communicate with the user and the outside world. There are many kinds of memory or storage - fast, expensive, short term memory (e.g. {RAM}) to hold intermediate results, and slower, cheaper, long-term memory (e.g. {magnetic disk} and {magnetic tape}) to hold programs and data that are not being used immediately. Computers today are often connected to a {network} (which may be part of the {Internet}). This allows them to be accessed from elsewhere and to exchange data with other computers. (2018-06-25)

computer bus {bus}

computer confetti "jargon" (Or "{chad}") A common term for {punched-card} {chad}, which, however, does not make good confetti, as the pieces are stiff and have sharp corners that could injure the eyes. {GLS} reports that he once attended a wedding at {MIT} during which he and a few other guests enthusiastically threw chad instead of rice. The groom later grumbled that he and his bride had spent most of the evening trying to get the stuff out of their hair. [{Jargon File}] (2001-06-22)

computer confetti ::: (jargon) (Or chad) A common term for punched-card chad, which, however, does not make good confetti, as the pieces are stiff and have sharp corners that could injure the eyes.GLS reports that he once attended a wedding at MIT during which he and a few other guests enthusiastically threw chad instead of rice. The groom later grumbled that he and his bride had spent most of the evening trying to get the stuff out of their hair.[Jargon File](2001-06-22)

computer cookie {HTTP cookie}

computer crime "legal" Breaking the criminal law by use of a computer. See also {computer ethics}, {software law}. (1997-07-09)

computer crime ::: (legal) Breaking the criminal law by use of a computer.See also computer ethics, software law. (1997-07-09)

computer dictionary {Free On-line Dictionary of Computing}

computer ethics ::: (philosophy) Ethics is the field of study that is concerned with questions of value, that is, judgments about what human behaviour is good or any other area. Computers raise problems of privacy, ownership, theft, and power, to name but a few.Computer ethics can be grounded in one of four basic world-views: Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, or Existentialism. Idealists believe that reality is considered RELATIVIST worldviews because they are based or something relational (that is, society or the individual, respectively).Thus ethical judgments will vary, depending on the judge's world-view. Some examples:First consider theft. Suppose a university's computer is used for sending an e-mail message to a friend or for conducting a full-blown private business because they tied up too much memory and slowed down the machine, but the e-mail message wasn't wrong because it had no significant effect on operations.Next consider privacy. An instructor uses her account to acquire the cumulative grade point average of a student who is in a class which she instructs. She the student was consistent with the student's overall academic performance record, the relativist might agree that such use was acceptable.Finally, consider power. At a particular university, if a professor wants a computer account, all she or he need do is request one but a student must obtain problems than faculty? Is this a hold-over from the days of in loco parentis?). .Usenet newsgroups: bit.listserv.ethics-l, alt.soc.ethics. (1995-10-25)

computer ethics "philosophy" Ethics is the field of study that is concerned with questions of value, that is, judgments about what human behaviour is "good" or "bad". Ethical judgments are no different in the area of computing from those in any other area. Computers raise problems of privacy, ownership, theft, and power, to name but a few. Computer ethics can be grounded in one of four basic world-views: Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, or Existentialism. Idealists believe that reality is basically ideas and that ethics therefore involves conforming to ideals. Realists believe that reality is basically nature and that ethics therefore involves acting according to what is natural. Pragmatists believe that reality is not fixed but is in process and that ethics therefore is practical (that is, concerned with what will produce socially-desired results). Existentialists believe reality is self-defined and that ethics therefore is individual (that is, concerned only with one's own conscience). Idealism and Realism can be considered ABSOLUTIST worldviews because they are based on something fixed (that is, ideas or nature, respectively). Pragmatism and Existentialism can be considered RELATIVIST worldviews because they are based or something relational (that is, society or the individual, respectively). Thus ethical judgments will vary, depending on the judge's world-view. Some examples: First consider theft. Suppose a university's computer is used for sending an e-mail message to a friend or for conducting a full-blown private business (billing, payroll, inventory, etc.). The absolutist would say that both activities are unethical (while recognising a difference in the amount of wrong being done). A relativist might say that the latter activities were wrong because they tied up too much memory and slowed down the machine, but the e-mail message wasn't wrong because it had no significant effect on operations. Next consider privacy. An instructor uses her account to acquire the cumulative grade point average of a student who is in a class which she instructs. She obtained the password for this restricted information from someone in the Records Office who erroneously thought that she was the student's advisor. The absolutist would probably say that the instructor acted wrongly, since the only person who is entitled to this information is the student and his or her advisor. The relativist would probably ask why the instructor wanted the information. If she replied that she wanted it to be sure that her grading of the student was consistent with the student's overall academic performance record, the relativist might agree that such use was acceptable. Finally, consider power. At a particular university, if a professor wants a computer account, all she or he need do is request one but a student must obtain faculty sponsorship in order to receive an account. An absolutist (because of a proclivity for hierarchical thinking) might not have a problem with this divergence in procedure. A relativist, on the other hand, might question what makes the two situations essentially different (e.g. are faculty assumed to have more need for computers than students? Are students more likely to cause problems than faculty? Is this a hold-over from the days of "in loco parentis"?). {"Philosophical Bases of Computer Ethics", Professor Robert N. Barger (http://nd.edu/~rbarger/metaethics.html)}. {Usenet} newsgroups: {news:bit.listserv.ethics-l}, {news:alt.soc.ethics}. (1995-10-25)

computer file {file}

computer geek ::: (jargon) (Or turbo nerd, turbo geek) One who eats (computer) bugs for a living. One who fulfils all the dreariest negative stereotypes about hackers: all hackers; compare black-on-black usage of nigger. A computer geek may be either a fundamentally clueless individual or a proto-hacker in larval stage.See also Alpha Geek, propeller head, clustergeeking, geek out, wannabee, terminal junkie, spod, weenie.[Jargon File] (1997-06-26)

computer geek "jargon" (Or "turbo nerd", "turbo geek") One who eats (computer) {bugs} for a living. One who fulfils all the dreariest negative stereotypes about {hackers}: an asocial, malodourous, pasty-faced monomaniac with all the personality of a cheese grater. The term cannot be used by outsiders without implied insult to all {hackers}; compare black-on-black usage of "nigger". A computer geek may be either a fundamentally clueless individual or a proto-hacker in {larval stage}. See also {Alpha Geek}, {propeller head}, {clustergeeking}, {geek out}, {wannabee}, {terminal junkie}, {spod}, {weenie}. [{Jargon File}] (1997-06-26)

computer-generated imagery "graphics" (CGI) Animatied graphics produced by computer and used in film or television. (1998-10-13)

computer-generated imagery ::: (graphics) (CGI) Animatied graphics produced by computer and used in film or television. (1998-10-13)

computerised axial tomograms (CAT): see computed tomography.

computerised imaging techniques:for studying brain function which use computers to convert information into a three-dimensional model of the brain which can be viewed on a television monitor.

computer language {programming language}

computer law ::: (legal) Apart from software law, other relevant laws include those concerning the sale of goods. Communication law is more relevant to the Internet, it has to do with media issues in general, e.g. free speech. (1994-12-05)

computer law "legal" Legal aspects of the production, sale and use of computers; including areas such as {software law}, {copyright}, patents, sale of goods, communication law and general media issues such as free speech. (2012-08-30)

computer literacy ::: (education) Basic skill in use of computers, from the perspective of such skill being a necessary societal skill.The term was coined by Andrew Molnar, while director of the Office of Computing Activities at the National Science Foundation.We started computer literacy in '72 [...] We coined that phrase. It's sort of ironic. Nobody knows what computer literacy is. Nobody can define it. And the OH 234. Center for the History of Information Processing, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota).The term, as a coinage, is similar to earlier coinages, such as visual literacy, which dates to 1971, and the more recent media literacy. (1998-09-07)

computer literacy "education" Basic skill in use of computers, from the perspective of such skill being a necessary societal skill. The term was coined by Andrew Molnar, while director of the Office of Computing Activities at the {National Science Foundation}. "We started computer literacy in '72 [...] We coined that phrase. It's sort of ironic. Nobody knows what computer literacy is. Nobody can define it. And the reason we selected [it] was because nobody could define it, and [...] it was a broad enough term that you could get all of these programs together under one roof" (cited in Aspray, W., (September 25, 1991) "Interview with Andrew Molnar," OH 234. Center for the History of Information Processing, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota). The term, as a coinage, is similar to earlier coinages, such as "visual literacy", which {Merriam-Webster (http://m-w.com/)} dates to 1971, and the more recent "media literacy". A more useful definition from {(http://www.computerliteracyusa.com/)} is: Computer literacy is an understanding of the concepts, terminology and operations that relate to general computer use. It is the essential knowledge needed to function independently with a computer. This functionality includes being able to solve and avoid problems, adapt to new situations, keep information organized and communicate effectively with other computer literate people. (2007-03-23)

computer nerd {computer geek}

computer network {network}

computer ::: n. --> One who computes.

computer programming language "spelling" A somewhat redundant term for {programming language}. (2014-10-18)

computer program {software}

computer science ::: The theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers. It involves the study of algorithms that process, store, and communicate digital information. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.[116]

computer security ::: security

computer security {security}

computer sex "jargon" Two computers interfaced with each other. (1996-02-22)

computer sex ::: (jargon) Two computers interfaced with each other. (1996-02-22)

computer virus {virus}

computer vision ::: A branch of artificial intelligence and image processing concerned with computer processing of images from the real world. Computer vision typically requires a remove noise, increase contrast) and higher level pattern recognition and image understanding to recognise features present in the image.Usenet newsgroup: comp.ai.vision. (1994-11-30)

computer vision ::: An interdisciplinary scientific field that deals with how computers can be made to gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos. From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to automate tasks that the human visual system can do.[117][118][119]

computer vision "application" A branch of {artificial intelligence} and {image processing} concerned with computer processing of images from the real world. Computer vision typically requires a combination of low level {image processing} to enhance the image quality (e.g. remove noise, increase contrast), {pattern recognition} to recognise features such as lines, areas and colours and {image understanding} to translate these features into knowledge about the objects in the scene. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.ai.vision}. (2012-12-25)

compute server "computer, parallel" A kind of {parallel processor} where the parallel processors have no I/O except via a bus or other connection to a {front-end processor} which handles all I/O to disks, {terminals} and network. In some antiquated {IBM} {mainframes}, a second CPU was provided that could not access I/O devices, known as the slave or attached processor, while the CPU having access to all devices was known as the master processor. (1995-03-19)

compute server ::: (computer, parallel) A kind of parallel processor where the parallel processors have no I/O except via a bus or other connection to a front-end processor which handles all I/O to disks, terminals and network.In some antiquated IBM mainframes, a second CPU was provided that could not access I/O devices, known as the slave or attached processor, while the CPU having access to all devices was known as the master processor. (1995-03-19)

compute ::: v. t. --> To determine calculation; to reckon; to count. ::: n. --> Computation.

computing {computer}

computing dictionary {Free On-line Dictionary of Computing}

computing ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Compute

computist ::: n. --> A computer.

computron "jargon" /kom'pyoo-tron"/ 1. A notional unit of computing power combining execution speed and storage capacity. E.g. "That machine can't run GNU Emacs, it doesn't have enough computrons!" 2. A mythical subatomic particle that carries computation or information, in much the same way that an electron carries electric charge (see also {bogon}). [{Jargon File}] (2013-03-02)

computron ::: /kom'pyoo-tron/ 1. A notional unit of computing power combining instruction speed and storage capacity, dimensioned roughly in instructions-per-second times metaphors that treat computing power as a fungible commodity good, like a crop yield or diesel horsepower. See bitty box, Get a real computer!, toy, crank.2. A mythical subatomic particle that bears the unit quantity of computation or information, in much the same way that an electron bears one unit of electric Larry Niven, the best known being What Good is a Glass Dagger?, in which magic is fuelled by an exhaustible natural resource called mana.)[Jargon File]

Computational Adequacy Theorem ::: This states that for any program (a non-function typed term in the typed lambda-calculus with constants) normal order reduction (outermost first) fails significant because it relates the operational notion of a reduction sequence and the denotational semantics of the input and output of a reduction sequence.

Computational Adequacy Theorem This states that for any program (a non-function typed term in the {typed lambda-calculus} with constants) {normal order reduction} (outermost first) fails to terminate if and only if the {standard semantics} of the term is {bottom}. Moreover, if the reduction of program e1 terminates with some {head normal form} e2 then the standard semantics of e1 and e2 will be equal. This theorem is significant because it relates the operational notion of a reduction sequence and the {denotational semantics} of the input and output of a reduction sequence.

Computational biology - the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems.

Computational Fluid Dynamics "language" (CFD) A {Fortran}-based parallel language for the {Illiac IV}. (1994-11-29)

Computational Fluid Dynamics ::: (language) (CFD) A Fortran-based parallel language for the Illiac IV. (1994-11-29)

COMpute ParallEL "language" (Compel) The first {single-assignment} language. ["A Language Design for Concurrent Processes", L.G. Tesler et al, Proc SJCC 32:403-408, AFIPS (Spring 1968)]. (1995-01-19)

COMpute ParallEL ::: (language) (Compel) The first single-assignment language.[A Language Design for Concurrent Processes, L.G. Tesler et al, Proc SJCC 32:403-408, AFIPS (Spring 1968)]. (1995-01-19)

Computer Aided Design "application" (CAD) The part of {CAE} concerning the drawing or physical layout steps of engineering design. Often found in the phrase "CAD/CAM" for ".. manufacturing". (1994-11-30)

Computer Aided Design ::: (application) (CAD) The part of CAE concerning the drawing or physical layout steps of engineering design. Often found in the phrase CAD/CAM for .. manufacturing. (1994-11-30)

Computer aided design (CAD) - The use of computers when designing products.

Computer Aided Detector Design "project, standard" (CADD) A project to standardise {HEP} detector designer. (2011-02-18)

Computer Aided Engineering "application" (CAE) The use of {software} to help with all phases of engineering design work. Like {computer aided design}, but also involving the conceptual and analytical design steps and extending into {Computer-Integrated Manufacturing} (CIM). (1994-10-28)

Computer Aided Engineering ::: (application) (CAE) Use of computers to help with all phases of engineering design work. Like computer aided design, but also involving the conceptual and analytical design steps.[Does it include manufacturing? Example systems?] (1994-10-28)

Computer-Aided Instruction "application, education" (CAI, or "- assisted", "- learning", CAL, Computer-Based Training CBT, "e-learning") The use of computers for education and training. The programs and data used in CAI, known as "courseware", may be supplied on media such as {CD-ROM} or delivered via a {network} which also enables centralised logging of student progress. CAI may constitute the whole or part of a course, may be done individually or in groups ("Computer Supported Collaborative Learning", CSCL), with or without human guidance. (2011-11-25)

Computer-Aided Instruction ::: (application, education) (CAI, or assisted, learning, CAL) The use of (personal) computers for education and training. (1995-04-13)

Computer-Aided Learning {Computer-Aided Instruction}

Computer aided manufacture (CAM) - The use of computers in the manufacture of products.

Computer Aided Software Engineering ::: (programming) (CASE, or assisted) A technique for using computers to help with one or more phases of the software life-cycle, including the Adopting the CASE approach to building and maintaining systems involves software tools and training for the developers who will use them. (1996-05-10)

Computer Aided Software Engineering "programming" (CASE, or "- assisted -") A technique for using computers to help with one or more phases of the {software life-cycle}, including the systematic analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of software. Adopting the CASE approach to building and maintaining systems involves software tools and training for the developers who will use them. (1996-05-10)

Computer-Aided Software Testing "programming" (CAST) Automated software testing in one or more phases of the {software life-cycle}. (1996-05-10)

Computer-Aided Software Testing ::: (programming) (CAST) Automated software testing in one or more phases of the software life-cycle. (1996-05-10)

Computer Aided Test Engineering "testing, electronics" (CATE) {CASE} methods applied to electronics testing and linked to {CAE}. (2007-05-03)

Computer Animation Movie Language ::: [A Computer Animation Movie Language for Educational Motion Pictures, D.D. Weiner et al, Proc FJCC 33(2), AFIPS (Fall 1968)]. (1994-11-30)

Computer Animation Movie Language "language" A programming language for generating {animation}. ["A Computer Animation Movie Language for Educational Motion Pictures", D.D. Weiner et al, Proc FJCC 33(2), AFIPS, Fall 1968]. (2012-01-30)

Computer-Assisted Learning {Computer-Aided Instruction}

Computer-Assisted Software Engineering {Computer-Aided Software Engineering}

Computer Associates International, Inc. ::: (company) (CA) A US software development company, founded in 1976. CA have purchased many other software companies, including Spectrum Software, Inc., Cheyenne Software, Platinum Technology, Inc., ASK Corporation. They produce a number of popular software packages, including Unicenter TNG and Ingres.They had an Initial Public Offering in 1981 valued at more than US$3.2M, had more than US$6B in revenue in 2000, and employ more than 17,000 people. .(20002-04-20)

Computer Associates International, Inc. "company" (CA) A US software development company, founded in 1976. CA have purchased many other software companies, including {Spectrum Software, Inc.}, {Cheyenne Software}, {Platinum Technology, Inc.}, {ASK Corporation}. They produce a number of popular software packages, including {Unicenter TNG} and {Ingres}. They had an {Initial Public Offering} in 1981 valued at more than US$3.2M, had more than US$6B in revenue in 2000, and employ more than 17,000 people. {(http://ca.com/)}. (20002-04-20)

Computer-Based Training ::: (application) (CBT) Training (of humans) done by interaction with a computer. The programs and data used in CBT are known as courseware. (1995-03-13)

Computer-Based Training {Computer-Aided Instruction}

Computer Compiler 1. "language" A proposed language for {compiler} design. [Sammet 1969, p. 695]. 2. A discussion of various applications of computers to the design and production of computers. {ACM (http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464213&CFID=83216609&CFTOKEN=42516197)}. ["A proposal for a computer compiler", Gernot Metze (University of Illinois), Sundaram Seshu (University of Illinois), AFIPS '66 (Spring) Proceedings of the 1966-04-26 - 28, Spring joint computer conference]. (2007-02-13)

Computer Compiler ::: Proposed language for compiler design.[Sammet 1969, p. 695].

Computer Conservation Society "body" (CCS) A British group that aims to promote the conservation and study of historic computers, past and future. The CCS is a co-operative venture between the {British Computer Society}, the Science Museum of London and the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the BCS. A number of active projects and working groups focus on specific computer restorations, early computer technologies and software. Membership is open to anyone interested. {Home (http://computerconservationsociety.org)}. See also {Bletchley Park}. (2012-03-22)

Computer Conservation Society ::: (CCS) A specialist group of the British Computer Society.See also Bletchley Park. (1994-11-17)

Computer Design Language ::: An ALGOL-like language for computer design.[An ALGOL-like Computer Design Language, Y. Chu, CACM 8(10) (Oct 1965)]. (1994-11-17)

Computer Design Language "language" An {ALGOL}-like language for computer design. ["An ALGOL-like Computer Design Language", Y. Chu, CACM 8(10) (Oct 1965)]. (1994-11-17)

Computer Emergency Response Team "security, body" (CERT) An organisation formed by {DARPA} in November 1988 in response to the {Internet worm} incident. The CERT charter is to work with the {Internet} community to help it responf to computer security events involving Internet {hosts}, to raise awareness of computer security issues and to conduct research targeted at improving the security of existing systems. CERT products and services include 24-hour technical assistance for responding to computer security incidents, product {vulnerability} assistance, technical documents and tutorials. {CERT Home (http://cert.org/)}. E-mail: "cert@cert.org" (incident reports). Telephone +1 (412) 268 7090 (24-hour hotline). (2012-05-18)

Computer Emergency Response Team ::: (security, body) (CERT) An organisation formed by DARPA in November 1988 in response to the needs exhibited during the Internet worm incident. The CERT security incidents, product vulnerability assistance, technical documents and tutorials. .E-mail: (incident reports).Telephone +1 (412) 268 7090 (24-hour hotline).(2000-07-09)

Computer Generation Incorporated ::: (company) (CGI) A US software development company and systems integrator. .E-mail: Paul G. Smith Telephone: +1 (404) 705 2800Address: Bldg. G, 4th Floor, 5775 Peachtree-Dunwoody Rd., Atlanta, GA 30342, USA. (1997-02-11)

Computer Generation Incorporated "company" (CGI) A US software development company and systems integrator. {(http://compgen.com/)}. E-mail: Paul G. Smith "pauls@compgen.com" Telephone: +1 (404) 705 2800 Address: Bldg. G, 4th Floor, 5775 Peachtree-Dunwoody Rd., Atlanta, GA 30342, USA. (1997-02-11)

Computer Graphics Metafile "graphics, file format" (CGM) A standard file format for storage and communication of graphical information, widely used on {personal computers} and accepted by {desktop publishing} and technical illustration systems. {MIME type}: image/cgm. {ANSI}/{ISO} 8632-1987. Worked on by the {ISO}/{IEC} group {JTC1/SC24}. {CGM Open Consortium (http://cgmopen.org/)}. See also: {WebCGM}. (1999-02-16)

Computer Graphics Metafile ::: (graphics, file format) (CGM) A standard file format for storage and communication of graphical information, widely used on personal computers and accepted by desktop publishing and technical illustration systems.MIME type: image/cgm.ANSI/ISO 8632-1987. Worked on by the ISO/IEC group JTC1/SC24. .See also: WebCGM. (1999-02-16)

Computer Information File ::: (documentation) (CIF) A collection of information about a computer, including hardware, software, networking and nonphysical characteristics such as maintenance schedule, backup schedule, list of users and security.(2006-09-26)

Computer integrated manufacture- The use of computers to control the entire production process. Information technology - the recording and use of information by electronic means.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing ::: (application) (CIM) .[Summary?](2003-06-07)

Computer Integrated Manufacturing "application" (CIM) Use of computers to control multiple aspects of a production process in a factory. A CIM system may control and/or monitor areas such as design, analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory control, distribution, materials handling and management. (2003-06-07)

Computer Language for AeronauticS and Programming "language" (CLASP) A {real-time} language from NASA, focussing on {fixed-point} mathematics. CLASP is a near subset of {SPL}, with some ideas from {PL/I}. ["Flight Computer and Language Processor Study", Raymond J. Rubey, Management Information Services, Detroit, 1971]. (1994-10-13)

Computer Language for AeronauticS and Programming ::: (language) (CLASP) A real-time language from NASA focussing on fixed-point mathematics. CLASP is a near subset of SPL, with some ideas from PL/I.[Flight Computer and Language Processor Study, Raymond J. Rubey, Management Information Services, Detroit, 1971]. (1994-10-13)

Computer Management Group of Australia "body" (CMGA) An Australian group that organises conferences, exhibitions, meetings and seminars about IT management for its corporate and individual members. {CMGA Home (http://cmga.org.au/)}. (2012-10-25)

Computer Management Group of Australia ::: (body) (CMGA)[Summary?] .(2003-06-15)

Computer Mediated Communication "messaging" (CMC) Communication that takes place through, or is facilitated by, computers. Examples include {e-mail}, the {web}, real-time {chat} tools like {IRC}, {Windows Live Messenger} and {video conferencing}. (2012-10-25)

Computer Mediated Communication ::: (messaging) (CMC) Communication that takes place through, or is facilitated by, computers. Examples include Usenet and e-mail, but CMC also covers real-time chat tools like (1996-11-26)

Computer numerically controlled machines - Machines which have their operations controlled by a computer program.

Computer Output on Microfilm {Enterprise Report Management}

Computer Output to Laser Disc {Enterprise Report Management}

Computer Output to Laser Disk {Enterprise Report Management}

Computer Output to Laser Disk ::: (storage) (COLD) The capture of large (typically mainframe generated) reports on optical media such that sections are accessible as individual documents. A successor technology to COM (Computer Output on Microfilm).In 1999 the AIIM renamed COLD to ERM/COLD (Enterprise Report Management), to better reflect the changes and improvements this technology has undergone throughout the years.An example application is (IMS).(2001-04-30)

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility "body" (CPSR) A non-profit organisation whose mission is to provide the public and policymakers with realistic assessments of the power, promise and problems of {Information Technology} and the effects of computers on society. CPSR was founded in the USA in 1981 but has spread to many other countries. CPSR is supported by its membership. CPSR sponsors conferences such as their Annual Meeting, Directions and Implications in Advanced Computing (DIAC), the Participatory Design Conference (PDC) and the Computers, Freedom and Privacy (CFP) conference. {CPSR Home (http://cpsr.org/)}. (2012-11-04)

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility ::: (CPSR) A non-profit organisation whose mission is to provide the public and policymakers with realistic assessments of the power, promise and problems of Computing (DIAC), the Participatory Design Conference (PDC) and the Computers, Freedom and Privacy (CFP) conference. . (1994-11-30)

Computer "publication" A journal of the {IEEE Computer Society}. (1995-03-10)

Computer ::: (publication) A journal of the IEEE Computer Society. (1995-03-10)

Computer + Science NETwork "body" (CSNET) The networking organisation which combined with {BITNET} to form {CREN}. (1994-11-30)

Computer + Science NETwork ::: (CSNET) The networking organisation which combined with BITNET to form CREN. (1994-11-30)

Computer Software Configuration Item "jargon, software" (CSCI) A {configuration item} consisting of {software}. (2012-11-07)

Computer Software Configuration Item ::: (jargon, software) (CSCI) The thing that a change control request is requesting to be changed.(2000-09-06)

Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning "education" (CSCL) Any form of {Computer-Aided Instruction} that emphasises group learning as opposed to working alone. (2011-11-25)

Computer Supported Cooperative Work "tool" (CSCW) (Or "groupware") Software tools and technology to support groups of people working together on a project, often at different sites. See also {Lotus Notes}. (1994-11-30)

Computer Supported Cooperative Work ::: (tool) (CSCW) (Or groupware) Software tools and technology to support groups of people working together on a project, often at different sites.See also Lotus Notes. (1994-11-30)

Computer Telephone Integration "communications" (CTI or "- Telephony -") Enabling computers to know about and control telephony functions such as making and receiving voice, {fax} and data calls, telephone directory services and {caller identification}. CTI is used in call centres to link incoming calls to computer software functions such as database look-up of the caller's number, supported by services such as {Automatic Number Identification} and {Dialled Number Identification Service}. Application software ({middleware}) can link {personal computers} and servers with telephones and/or a {PBX}. Telephony and {software} vendors such as {AT&T}, {British Telecom}, {IBM}, {Novell}, {Microsoft} and {Intel} have developed CTI services. The main {CTI} functions are integrating {messaging} with {databases}, {word processors} etc.; controlling voice, {fax}, and {e-mail} messaging systems from a single {application program}; graphical call control - using a {graphical user interface} to perform functions such as making and receiving calls, forwarding and conferencing; call and {data} association - provision of information about the caller from databases or other applications automatically before the call is answered or transferred; {speech synthesis} and {speech recognition}; automatic logging of call related information for invoicing purposes or callback. CTI can improve customer service, increase productivity, reduce costs and enhance workflow automation. IBM were one of the first with workable CTI, now sold as "CallPath". {Callware}'s {Phonetastic} is another {middleware} product. CTI came out of the 1980s call centre boom, where it linked central servers and {IVRs} with {PBX}es to provide call transfer and {screen popping}. In the 1990s, efforts were made by several vendors, such as IBM, Novell {TSAPI} and Microsoft {TAPI}, to provide a version for {desktop computers} that would allow control of a desktop telephone and assist in {hot desking}. See also {Telephony Application Programming Interface}. (2012-11-18)

Computer Telephone Integration ::: (communications) (CTI or - Telephony -) Enabling computers to know about and control telephony functions such as making and receiving voice, fax, integration of telephone and computer systems and is a major development in the evolution of the automated office.CTI is not a new concept - such links have been used in the past in large telephone networks - but only dedicated call centres could justify the costs of Novell, Microsoft and Intel are developing better telephony services and capabilities which should eventually enable low cost CTI.The main CTI functions are integrating messaging with databases, word processors etc.; controlling voice, fax, and e-mail messaging systems from a single answered or transferred; speech synthesis and speech recognition; automatic logging of call related information for invoicing purposes or callback.Typical productivity benefits are improved customer service; increased productivity; reduced costs; enhanced workflow automation; protected investment in computers and telephony; computerised telephony intelligence.IBM were one of the first with workable CTI, now sold as CallPath. Callware's Phonetastic is typical of the new breed of middleware.CTI came out of the 1980s call centre boom, where it linked central servers and IVRs with PBXes to provide call transfer and screen popping. In the 1990s, TAPI, to provide a desktop version that would allow control of a desktop telephone and assist in hot desking.Desktop CTI was made obsolete by the mobile phone revolution, e-mail and, above all, VoIP, and CTI has never advanced outside the call centre.See also Telephony Application Programming Interface.(2003-12-04)

Computer Telephony {Computer Telephone Integration}

Computer Telephony Integration {Computer Telephone Integration}

Computer vision - a field that includes methods for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and understanding images and, in general, high-dimensional data from the real world in order to produce numerical or symbolic information. See /r/computervision

Computing Devices Canada Ltd. ::: (company) Canada's largest defence electronics company. It has extensive hardware and software developmental capabilities. Its list of achievements electroluminiscent displays, large multi-sensor displays, coastal intrusion detection systems, and fibre-optic distribution systems.Computing Devices Canada was founded in 1948 and is part of the Ceridian group of companies, owned 100% by the Minneapolis-based company.Annual revenue for 1996 was $376 million. (1997-07-31)

Computing Devices Canada Ltd. {General Dynamics Canada Ltd.}


TERMS ANYWHERE

120 reset "jargon" /wuhn-twen'tee ree'set/ (After 120 volts, US mains voltage) To cycle power on a computer in order to reset or unjam it. Compare {Big Red Switch}, {power cycle}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-23)

16 bit "architecture, programming" Using {words} containing sixteen {bits}. This adjective often refers to the number of bits used internally by a computer's {CPU}. E.g. "The {Intel 8086} is a sixteen bit processor". Its external {data bus} or {address bus} may be narrower. The term may also refer to the size of an instruction in the computer's {instruction set} or to any other item of data. See also {16-bit application}. (1996-05-13)

2. A mathematical expectation is the value of any chance which depends upon some contingent event. Thus, if a person is to receive an amount of money upon the occurrence of an event which has an equal chance of happening or failing, the expectation is worth half that amount. The mathematical expectation of life is the average duration of life (of an individual or a group) after a given age, as determined by computation from the mortality tables.

3. In mathematical theory, prediction is an inference regarding an unknown or future event, from calculations involving probabilities and in particular the computation of correlations. Statistical predictions are usually made by means of regression coefficients and regression lines, which indicate the amount of change of one variable which accompanies a given amount of change in the other variable. The process of predicting values within the range of known data is called interpolation, and the process of predicting values beyond the range of known data is called extrapolation. The reliability of these predictions varies on the basis of the known variables, and of their limits. -- T.G.

3Station "computer, networking" The archetypal {diskless workstation}, developed by {Bob Metcalfe} at {3Com} and first available in 1986/1987. The 3Station/2E had a 10 {MHz} {80286} {processor}, 1 {MB} of {RAM} (expandable to 5 MB), {VGA} compatible graphics with 256 {KB} of {video RAM}, and integrated {AUI}/{BNC} network {transceivers} for {LAN} access. The product used a single {printed-circuit board} with four custom {ASICs}. It had no {floppy disk drive} or {hard disk}, it was booted from a {server} and stored all {end-user} {files} there. 3Com advertised "significant cost savings" due to the 3Station's ease of installation and low maintenance (this would now be referred to under the banner of "{TCO}"). The 3Station cost somewhere between an {IBM PC} {clone} and an IBM PC of the day. It was not commercially successful. (2000-07-05)

6.001 "education" /siks dub*l oh wun/, /dub*l oh wun/ or rarely /siks dub*l oh fun/ {MIT}'s introductory computer class for majors, known for its intensity. Developed by {Gerald Sussman} and {Hal Abelson}, the course is taught in {Scheme} and introduces {recursion}, {higher-order functions}, {object-oriented programming} and much more. Students who grasp the {meta}circular {interpreter} gain entry into the {Knights of the Lambda-Calculus}. 6.001 has been exported to several other colleges, sometimes successfully. The textbook, "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs", written with Julie Sussman is a classic that can be found on the shelves of many computer scientists, whether they took the course or not. Legendary characters from the class, problem sets, and book include the wise Alyssa P. Hacker, Ben Bitdiddle, Lem E. Tweakit and Eva Lu Ator, the careless Louis Reasoner and {Captain Abstraction}. (1994-11-22)

64-bit "architecture" A term describing a computer architecture with an {ALU}, {registers} and {data bus} which handle 64 {bit}s at a time. 64-bit processors were quite common by 1996, e.g. {Digital} {Alpha}, versions of {Sun} {SPARC}, {MIPS}, {IBM} {AS/4000}. The {PowerPC} and {Intel} were expected to move to 64 bits at their next generation - {PPC 620} and {Intel P7}. Being able to deal with 64-bit binary numbers means the processor can work with {signed integers} between +-2^32 or unsigned integers between zero and 2^64-1. A 64-bit {address bus} allows the processor to address 18 million {gigabytes} as opposed to the mere four gigabytes allowed with 32 bits. In 1996 {hard disks} could already hold over 4 GB. Floating point calculations can also be more accurate. A 64-bit {OS} is needed as well to take advantage of the CPU. In 1996 there were only a few 64-bit operating systems, including {OS/400}, {Digital} {Unix}, {Solaris} (partialy). A 32-bit OS can run on a 64-bit CPU. (2004-05-12)

6502 "hardware" An eight-bit {microprocessor} designed by {MOS Technology} around 1975 and made by {Rockwell}. Unlike the {Intel 8080} and its kind, the 6502 had very few {registers}. It was an 8-bit processor, with 16-bit {address bus}. Inside was one 8-bit data register ({accumulator}), two 8-bit {index registers} and an 8-bit {stack pointer} (stack was preset from address 256 to 511). It used these index and stack registers effectively, with more {addressing modes}, including a fast zero-page mode that accessed memory locations from address 0 to 255 with an 8-bit address (it didn't have to fetch a second byte for the address). Back when the 6502 was introduced, {RAM} was actually faster than {CPU}s, so it made sense to optimise for RAM access rather than increase the number of registers on a chip. The 6502 was used in the {BBC Microcomputer}, {Apple II}, {Commodore}, {Apple Computer} and {Atari} {personal computers}. {Steve Wozniak} described it as the first chip you could get for less than a hundred dollars (actually a quarter of the {6800} price). The 6502's {indirect jump} instruction, JMP (xxxx), was {broken}. If the address was hexadecimal xxFF, the processor would not access the address stored in xxFF and xxFF + 1, but rather xxFF and xx00. The {6510} did not fix this bug, nor was it fixed in any of the other {NMOS} versions of the 6502 such as the {8502}. Bill Mensch at {Western Design Center} was probably the first to fix it, in the {65C02}. The 6502 also had undocumented instructions. The {65816} is an expanded version of the 6502. There is a 6502 {assembler} by Doug Jones "jones@cs.uiowa.edu" which supports {macros} and conditional features and can be used for linkage editing of object files. It requires {Pascal}. See also {cross-assembler}, {RTI}, {Small-C}. (2001-01-02)

650x "hardware" A family of {microprocessors} from {MOS Technologies}, based on the design of the {Motorola 6800} (introduced around 1975). The family included the {6502} used in several early {personal computers}.

8250 "hardware" A {UART} that can operate at a maximum of 9600 {baud}. The 8250 is used in {IBM PC XT} computers. It works in an {IBM PC AT} under {DOS} but generates unwanted {interrupts} when used at 9600 {baud}. The {IBM PC} {BIOS} has a bug fix for this chip. (2004-03-21)

88open "body" A consortium with the aim of creating a multi-vendor open computing environment based on the {Motorola 88000} {RISC} processor family. (1995-01-26)

9PAC "tool" 709 PACkage. A {report generator} for the {IBM 7090}, developed in 1959. [Sammet 1969, p.314. "IBM 7090 Prog Sys, SHARE 7090 9PAC Part I: Intro and Gen Princs", IBM J28-6166, White Plains, 1961]. (1995-02-07):-) {emoticon}; {semicolon}" {less than}"g" "chat" grin. An alternative to {smiley}. [{Jargon File}] (1998-01-18)"gr&d" "chat" Grinning, running and ducking. See {emoticon}. (1995-03-17)= {equals}" {greater than}? {question mark}?? "programming" A {Perl} quote-like {operator} used to delimit a {regular expression} (RE) like "?FOO?" that matches FOO at most once. The normal "/FOO/" form of regular expression will match FOO any number of times. The "??" operator will match again after a call to the "reset" operator. The operator is usually referred to as "??" but, taken literally, an empty RE like this (or "//") actually means to re-use the last successfully matched regular expression or, if there was none, empty string (which will always match). {Unix manual page}: perlop(1). (2009-05-28)@ {commercial at}@-party "event, history" /at'par-tee/ (Or "@-sign party") An antiquated term for a gathering of {hackers} at a science-fiction convention (especially the annual Worldcon) to which only people who had an {electronic mail address} were admitted. The term refers to the {commercial at} symbol, "@", in an e-mail address and dates back to the era when having an e-mail address was a distinguishing characteristic of the select few who worked with computers. Compare {boink}. [{Jargon File}] (2012-11-17)@Begin "text" The {Scribe} equivalent of {\begin}. [{Jargon File}] (2014-11-06)@stake "security, software" A computer security development group and consultancy dedicated to researching and documenting security flaws that exist in {operating systems}, {network} {protocols}, or software. @stake publishes information about security flaws through advisories, research reports, and tools. They release the information and tools to help system administrators, users, and software and hardware vendors better secure their systems. L0pht merged with @stake in January 2000. {@stake home (http://atstake.com/research/redirect.html)}. (2003-06-12)@XX "programming" 1. Part of the syntax of a {decorated name}, as used internally by {Microsoft}'s {Visual C} or {Visual C++} {compilers}. 2. The name of an example {instance variable} in the {Ruby} {programming language}. (2018-08-24)[incr Tcl] "language" An extension of {Tcl} that adds {classes} and {inheritence}. The name is a pun on {C++} - an {object-oriented} extension of {C} - [incr variable] is the Tcl {syntax} for adding one to a variable. [Origin? Availability?] (1998-11-27)\ {backslash}\begin "text, chat" The {LaTeX} command used with \end to delimit an environment within which the text is formatted in a certain way. E.g. \begin{table}...\end{table}. Used humorously in writing to indicate a context or to remark on the surrounded text. For example: \begin{flame} Predicate logic is the only good programming language. Anyone who would use anything else is an idiot. Also, all computers should be tredecimal instead of binary. \end{flame} {Scribe} users at {CMU} and elsewhere used to use @Begin/@End in an identical way (LaTeX was built to resemble Scribe). On {Usenet}, this construct would more frequently be rendered as ""FLAME ON"" and ""FLAME OFF"" (a la {HTML}), or "

a1 "language" Address 1 code. An a1 code {interpreter}, by Matthew Newhook "matthew@engr.mun.ca" was used to test compiler output. It requires {gcc} 2.4.2 or higher and is portable to computers with {memory segment} protection. {(ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/a1)}. (1994-07-19)

ABC 1. "computer" {Atanasoff-Berry Computer}. 2. "language" An {imperative language} and programming environment from {CWI}, Netherlands. It is interactive, structured, high-level, and easy to learn and use. It is a general-purpose language which you might use instead of {BASIC}, {Pascal} or {AWK}. It is not a systems-programming language but is good for teaching or prototyping. ABC has only five data types that can easily be combined; {strong typing}, yet without declarations; data limited only by memory; refinements to support top-down programming; nesting by indentation. Programs are typically around a quarter the size of the equivalent {Pascal} or {C} program, and more readable. ABC includes a programming environment with {syntax-directed} editing, {suggestions}, {persistent variables} and multiple workspaces and {infinite precision} arithmetic. An example function words to collect the set of all words in a document:  HOW TO RETURN words document:   PUT {} IN collection   FOR line in document:     FOR word IN split line:       IF word not.in collection:        INSERT word IN collection   RETURN collection {Interpreter}/{compiler}, version 1.04.01, by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens, Steven Pemberton "Steven.Pemberton@cwi.nl". ABC has been ported to {Unix}, {MS-DOS}, {Atari}, {Macintosh}. {(http://cwi.nl/cwi/projects/abc.html)}. {FTP eu.net (ftp://ftp.eu.net/programming/languages/abc)}, {FTP nluug.nl (ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/programming/languages/abc)}, {FTP uunet (ftp://ftp.uu.net/languages/abc)}. Mailing list: "abc-list-request@cwi.nl". E-mail: "abc@cwi.nl". ["The ABC Programmer's Handbook" by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens and Steven Pemberton, published by Prentice-Hall (ISBN 0-13-000027-2)]. ["An Alternative Simple Language and Environment for PCs" by Steven Pemberton, IEEE Software, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1987, pp. 56-64.] (1995-02-09) 2. "language" Argument, Basic value, C?. An {abstract machine} for implementation of {functional languages} and its intermediate code. [P. Koopman, "Functional Programs as Executable Specifications", 1990]. (1995-02-09)

abduction "logic" The process of {inference} to the best explanation. "Abduction" is sometimes used to mean just the generation of hypotheses to explain observations or conclusionsm, but the former definition is more common both in philosophy and computing. The {semantics} and the implementation of abduction cannot be reduced to those for {deduction}, as explanation cannot be reduced to implication. Applications include fault diagnosis, plan formation and {default reasoning}. {Negation as failure} in {logic programming} can both be given an abductive interpretation and also can be used to implement abduction. The abductive semantics of negation as failure leads naturally to an {argumentation}-theoretic interpretation of default reasoning in general. [Better explanation? Example?] ["Abductive Inference", John R. Josephson "jj@cis.ohio-state.edu"]. (2000-12-07)

ABEND "jargon" /o'bend/, /*-bend'/ ABnormal END. Abnormal termination (of {software}); {crash}; {lossage}. Derives from an error message on the {IBM 360}; used jokingly by hackers but seriously mainly by {code grinders}. Usually capitalised, but may appear as "abend". Hackers will try to persuade you that ABEND is called "abend" because it is what system operators do to the computer late on Friday when they want to call it a day, and hence is from the German "Abend" = "Evening". [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-08)

ab ::: n. --> The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August.

abort "programming" To terminate a program or {process} abnormally and usually suddenly, with or without {diagnostic} information. "My program aborted", "I aborted the transmission". The noun form in computing is "abort", not "abortion", e.g. "We've had three aborts over the last two days". If a {Unix} {kernel} aborts it is known as a {panic}. (1997-01-07)

abstract machine 1. "language" A processor design which is not intended to be implemented as {hardware}, but which is the notional executor of a particular {intermediate language} (abstract machine language) used in a {compiler} or {interpreter}. An abstract machine has an {instruction set}, a {register set} and a model of memory. It may provide instructions which are closer to the language being compiled than any physical computer or it may be used to make the language implementation easier to {port} to other {platforms}. A {virtual machine} is an abstract machine for which an {interpreter} exists. Examples: {ABC}, {Abstract Machine Notation}, {ALF}, {CAML}, {F-code}, {FP/M}, {Hermes}, {LOWL}, {Christmas}, {SDL}, {S-K reduction machine}, {SECD}, {Tbl}, {Tcode}, {TL0}, {WAM}. 2. "theory" A procedure for executing a set of instructions in some formal language, possibly also taking in input data and producing output. Such abstract machines are not intended to be constructed as {hardware} but are used in thought experiments about {computability}. Examples: {Finite State Machine}, {Turing Machine}. (1995-03-13)

abstract "philosophy" A description of a concept that leaves out some information or details in order to simplify it in some useful way. Abstraction is a powerful technique that is applied in many areas of computing and elsewhere. For example: {abstract class}, {data abstraction}, {abstract interpretation}, {abstract syntax}, {Hardware Abstraction Layer}. (2009-12-09)

Accelerated Graphics Port "hardware, graphics" (AGP) A {bus} specification by {Intel} which gives low-cost 3D {graphics cards} faster access to {main memory} on {personal computers} than the usual {PCI} bus. AGP dynamically allocates the PC's normal {RAM} to store the screen image and to support {texture mapping}, {z-buffering} and {alpha blending}. Intel has built AGP into a {chipset} for its {Pentium II} microprocessor. AGP cards are slightly longer than a PCI card. AGP operates at 66 {MHz}, doubled to 133 MHz, compared with PCI's 33 Mhz. AGP allows for efficient use of {frame buffer} memory, thereby helping 2D graphics performance as well. AGP provides a coherent memory management design which allows scattered data in system memory to be read in rapid bursts. AGP reduces the overall cost of creating high-end graphics subsystems by using existing system memory. {Specification (http://developer.intel.com/technology/agp/downloads/agp20.htm)}. (2004-07-19)

account ::: n. --> A reckoning; computation; calculation; enumeration; a record of some reckoning; as, the Julian account of time.
A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review; as, to keep one&

ACE 1. {Advanced Computing Environment}. 2. {Adaptive Communication Environment}.

Acknowledgements "introduction" Many thanks to the thousands of {contributors (contributors.html)} and especially to the Guest Editors, mirror site maintainers and the maintainers of the following resources from which some entries originate: Mike Sendall's STING Software engineering glossary "sendall@dxpt01.cern.ch", 1993-10-13, Bill Kinnersley's {Language List (http://people.ku.edu/~nkinners/LangList/Extras/langlist.htm)} v2.2, 1994-01-15, Mark Hopkins' catalogue of Free Compilers and Interpreters v6.4, 1994-02-28, The on-line hacker {Jargon File} v3.0.0, 1993-07-27, Internet Users' Glossary (RFC 1392, FYI 18), Jan 1993. John Cross's computer glossary, 1994-11-01. John Bayko's Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present, v4.0.0, 1994-08-18. {Electronic Commerce Dictionary}. (2014-09-11)

ACL 1. {Access Control List}. 2. {Association for Computational Linguistics}. 3. {A Coroutine Language}.

ACM 1. "body" The {Association for Computing}. 2. "communications" {addressed call mode}.

acorn {Acorn Computers Ltd.}

Acorn Computer Group "company" A holding company for {Acorn Computers} Limited, Acorn Australia, Acorn New Zealand, Acorn GmbH and {Online Media}. Acorn Computer Group owns 43% of {Advanced RISC Machines} Ltd. (1994-11-08)

Acorn Computers Ltd. "company" A UK computer manufacturer, part of the {Acorn Computer Group} plc. Acorn was founded on 1978-12-05, on a kitchen table in a back room. Their first creation was an electronic slot machine. After the {Acorn System 1}, 2 and 3, Acorn launched the first commercial {microcomputer} - the {ATOM} in March 1980. In April 1981, Acorn won a contract from the {BBC} to provide the {PROTON}. In January 1982 Acorn launched the {BBC Microcomputer} System. At one time, 70% of microcomputers bought for UK schools were BBC Micros. The Acorn Computer Group went public on the Unlisted Securities Market in September 1983. In April 1984 Acorn won the Queen's Award for Technology for the BBC Micro and in September 1985 {Olivetti} took a controlling interest in Acorn. The {Master} 128 Series computers were launched in January 1986 and the BBC {Domesday} System in November 1986. In 1983 Acorn began to design the Acorn RISC Machine (ARM), the first low-cost, high volume {RISC} processor chip (later renamed the {Advanced RISC Machine}). In June 1987 they launched the {Archimedes} range - the first 32-bit {RISC} based {microcomputers} - which sold for under UKP 1000. In February 1989 the R140 was launched. This was the first {Unix} {workstation} under UKP 4000. In May 1989 the A3000 (the new {BBC Microcomputer}) was launched. In 1990 Acorn formed {Advanced RISC Machines} Ltd. (ARM) in partnership with {Apple Computer, Inc.} and {VLSI} to develop the ARM processor. Acorn has continued to develop {RISC} based products. With 1992 revenues of 48.2 million pounds, Acorn Computers was the premier supplier of {Information Technology} products to UK education and had been the leading provider of 32-bit RISC based {personal computers} since 1987. Acorn finally folded in the late 1990s. Their operating system, {RISC OS} was further developed by a consortium of suppliers. {Usenet} newsgroups: {news:comp.sys.acorn}, {news:comp.sys.acorn.announce}, {news:comp.sys.acorn.tech}, {news:comp.binaries.acorn}, {news:comp.sources.acorn}, {news:comp.sys.acorn.advocacy}, {news:comp.sys.acorn.games}. {Acorn's FTP server (ftp://ftp.acorn.co.uk/)}. {HENSA software archive (http://micros.hensa.ac.uk/micros/arch.html)}. {Richard Birkby's Acorn page (http://csv.warwick.ac.uk/~phudv/)}. {RiscMan's Acorn page (http://geko.com.au/riscman/)}. {Acorn On The Net (http://stir.ac.uk/~rhh01/Main.html)}. {"The Jungle" by Simon Truss (http://csc.liv.ac.uk/users/u1smt/u1smt.html)}. [Recent history?] (2000-09-26)

Acorn Online Media "company" A company formed in August 1994 by {Acorn Computer Group} plc to exploit the {ARM} RISC in television {set-top box} decoders. They planned to woo {British Telecommunications} plc to use the box in some of its {video on demand} trials. The "STB1" box was based on an {ARM8} core with additional circuits to enable {MPEG} to be decoded in software - possibly dedicated instructions for interpolation, inverse {DCT} or {Huffman} table extraction. A prototype featured audio {MPEG} chips, Acorn's {RISC OS} {operating system} and supported {Oracle Media Objects} and {Microword}. Online planned to reduce component count by transferring functions from boards into the single RISC chip. The company was origianlly wholly owned by Acorn but was expected to bring in external investment. [Article by nobody@tandem.com cross-posted from tandem.news.computergram, 1994-07-07]. In 1996 they releasd the imaginatively titled "Set Top Box 2" (STB20M) with a 32 MHz {ARM 7500} and 2 to 32 MB {RAM}. There was also a "Set Top Box 22". {(http://www.khantazi.org/Archives/MachineLst.html

Actors "theory" A model for {concurrency} by {Carl Hewitt}. Actors are autonomous and concurrent {objects} which execute {asynchronously}. The Actor model provides flexible mechanisms for building parallel and {distributed} software systems. {(http://osl.cs.uiuc.edu/)}. ["Laws for Communicating Parallel Processes", C. Hewitt et al, IFIP 77, pp. 987-992, N-H 1977]. ["ACTORS: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems", Gul A. Agha "agha@cs.uiuc.edu", Cambridge Press, MA, 1986]. (1999-11-23)

actuary ::: n. --> A registrar or clerk; -- used originally in courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk or registrar generally.
The computing official of an insurance company; one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other insurances.

Ada Lovelace "person" (1811-1852) The daughter of Lord Byron, who became the world's first programmer while cooperating with {Charles Babbage} on the design of his mechanical computing engines in the mid-1800s. The language {Ada} was named after her. [{"Ada, Enchantress of Numbers Prophit of the Computer Age", Betty Alexandra Toole (http://well.com/user/adatoole)}]. [More details?] (1999-07-17)

Adam Osborne "person" The ex-book publisher who founded {Osborne Computer Corporation}. (2007-05-21)

Adaplex "language, database" An extension of {Ada} for {functional databases}. ["Adaplex: Rationale and Reference Manual 2nd ed", J.M. Smith et al, Computer Corp America, Cambridge MA, 1983]. (1995-02-14)

Adaptec "company" A company specialising in the aera of movement of data between computers. Adaptec designs hardware and software products to transfer data from a computer to a {peripheral} device or {network}. Founded in 1981, the company achieved profitability in 1984, went public in 1986, and to date has achieved 54 consecutive profitable quarters. Revenues for fiscal 1997 were $934 million, a 42% increase over the prior year. Net income, excluding acquisition charges, for fiscal year 1997 was $198 million or $1.72 per share. {(http://adaptec.com)}. (1999-08-25)

Adaptor "tool" (Automatic DAta Parallelism TranslatOR) A source to source transformation tool that transforms {data parallel} programs written in {Fortran 77} with {array} extensions, parallel loops, and layout directives to parallel programs with explicit {message passing}. ADAPTOR generates {Fortran 77} host and node programs with message passing. The new generated source codes have to be compiled by the compiler of the parallel computer. Version 1.0 runs on {CM-5}, {iPCS/860}, {Meiko CS1}/CS2, {KSR 1}, {SGI}, {Alliant} or a network of {Suns} or {RS/6000s}. {(ftp://ftp.gmd.de/gmd/adaptor/adp_1.0.tar.Z)}. [Connection with Thomas Brandes and GMD?] (1993-06-01)

address 1. "networking" {e-mail address}. 2. "networking" {IP address}. 3. "networking" {MAC address}. 4. "storage, programming" An unsigned integer used to select one fundamental element of storage, usually known as a {word} from a computer's {main memory} or other storage device. The {CPU} outputs addresses on its {address bus} which may be connected to an {address decoder}, {cache controller}, {memory management unit}, and other devices. While from a hardware point of view an address is indeed an integer most {strongly typed} programming languages disallow mixing integers and addresses, and indeed addresses of different data types. This is a fine example for {syntactic salt}: the compiler could work without it but makes writing bad programs more difficult. (1997-07-01)

Aditi "database, project" The Aditi Deductive Database System. A multi-user {deductive database} system from the Machine Intelligence Project at the {University of Melbourne}. It supports base {relations} defined by {facts} (relations in the sense of {relational databases}) and {derived relations} defined by {rules} that specify how to compute new information from old information. Both base relations and the rules defining derived relations are stored on disk and are accessed as required during query evaluation. The rules defining derived relations are expressed in a {Prolog}-like language, which is also used for expressing queries. Aditi supports the full structured data capability of Prolog. Base relations can store arbitrarily nested terms, for example arbitrary length lists, and rules can directly manipulate such terms. Base relations can be indexed with {B-trees} or multi-level signature files. Users can access the system through a {Motif}-based query and database administration tool, or through a command line interface. There is also in interface that allows {NU-Prolog} programs to access Aditi in a transparent manner. Proper {transaction processing} is not supported in this release. The beta release runs on {SPARC}/{SunOS4}.1.2 and {MIPS}/{Irix}4.0. E-mail: "aditi@cs.mu.oz.au". (1992-12-17)

Advanced Computing Environment "body" (ACE) A consortium to agree on an {open} architecture based on the {MIPS R4000} chip. A computer architecture ARCS will be defined, on which either {OS/2} or {Open Desktop} can be run. (1995-02-03)

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface "hardware, standard" (ACPI) An open industry standard developed by {Intel}, {Microsoft}, and {Toshiba} for configuration and {power management}. The key element of the standard is power management with two important improvements. First, it puts the {OS} in control of power management. In the currently existing {APM} model most of the power management tasks are run by the {BIOS}, with limited intervention from the OS. In ACPI, the BIOS is responsible for the dirty details of communicating with hardware equipment but the control is in the OS. The other important feature is bringing power management features now available only in {portable computers} to {desktop computers} and {servers}. Extremely low consumption states, i.e., in which only memory, or not even memory is powered, but from which ordinary interrupts (real time clock, keyboard, modem, etc.) can quickly wake the system, are today available in portables only. The standard should make these available for a wider range of systems. For ACPI to work the operating system, the {motherboard} chipset, and for some functions even the {CPU} has to be designed for it. Microsoft is heavily driving a move toward ACPI, both {Windows NT 5.0} and {Windows 98} will support it. It remains to be seen how much hardware manufacturers will embrace the technology and whether other operating system vendors will support it. {ACPI Information Page (http://teleport.com/~acpi/)}. (1998-03-27)

Advanced Function Presentation "printer, language" (AFP) A {page description language} from {IBM} introduced in 1984 initially as Advanced Function Printing. AFP was first developed for {mainframes} and then brought to {minicomputers} and {workstations}. It is implemented on the various {platforms} by {Print Services Facility} (PSF) software, which generates the {native} IBM printer language, {IPDS} and, depending on the version, {PostScript} and LaserJet {PCL} as well. IBM calls AFP a "printer architecture" rather than a page description language.

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. "company" (AMD) A US manufacturer of {integrated circuits}, founded in 1969. AMD was the fifth-largest IC manufacturer in 1995. AMD focuses on the personal and networked computation and communications market. They produce {microprocessors}, {embedded processors} and related peripherals, memories, {programmable logic devices}, circuits for telecommunications and networking applications. In 1995, AMD had 12000 employees in the USA and elsewhere and manufacturing facilities in Austin, Texas; Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan; Bangkok, Thailand; Penang, Malaysia; and Singapore. AMD made the {AMD 2900} series of {bit-slice} {TTL} components and clones of the {Intel 80386} and {Intel 486} {microprocessors}. {AMD Home (http://amd.com/)}. Address: Sunnyvale, CA, USA. (1995-02-27)

Advanced Power Management "hardware" (APM) A feature of some displays, usually but not always, on {laptop computers}, which turns off power to the display after a preset period of inactivity to conserve electrical power. Monitors with this capability are usually refered to as "green monitors", meaning environmentally friendly. Not to be confused with a {screen blanker} which is {software} that causes the display to go black (by setting every {pixel} to black) to prevent {burn-in}. (1997-08-25)

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network "networking" (ARPANET) A pioneering longhaul {wide area network} funded by {DARPA} (when it was still called "ARPA"?). It became operational in 1968 and served as the basis for early networking research, as well as a central {backbone} during the development of the {Internet}. The ARPANET consisted of individual {packet switching} computers interconnected by {leased lines}. {Protocols} used include {FTP} and {telnet}. It has now been replaced by {NSFnet}. [1968 or 1969?] (1994-11-17)

Advanced Revelation "database" (AREV) A {database development environment} for {personal computers} available from {Revelation Software} since 1982. Originally based on the {PICK} {operating system}, there are over one million users worldwide in 1996. (1996-12-12)

Advanced RISC Computing Specification "standard, hardware" (ARC, previously ARCS) The baseline hardware requirements for an {ACE}-compatible system. (1995-01-16)

Advanced RISC Machine "processor" (ARM, Originally {Acorn} RISC Machine). A series of low-cost, power-efficient 32-bit {RISC} {microprocessors} for embedded control, computing, {digital signal processing}, {games}, consumer {multimedia} and portable applications. It was the first commercial RISC microprocessor (or was the {MIPS R2000}?) and was licensed for production by {Asahi Kasei Microsystems}, {Cirrus Logic}, {GEC Plessey Semiconductors}, {Samsung}, {Sharp}, {Texas Instruments} and {VLSI Technology}. The ARM has a small and highly {orthogonal instruction set}, as do most RISC processors. Every instruction includes a four-bit code which specifies a condition (of the {processor status register}) which must be satisfied for the instruction to be executed. Unconditional execution is specified with a condition "true". Instructions are split into load and store which access memory and arithmetic and logic instructions which work on {registers} (two source and one destination). The ARM has 27 registers of which 16 are accessible in any particular processor mode. R15 combines the {program counter} and processor status byte, the other registers are general purpose except that R14 holds the {return address} after a {subroutine} call and R13 is conventionally used as a {stack pointer}. There are four processor modes: user, {interrupt} (with a private copy of R13 and R14), fast interrupt (private copies of R8 to R14) and {supervisor} (private copies of R13 and R14). The {ALU} includes a 32-bit {barrel-shifter} allowing, e.g., a single-{cycle} shift and add. The first ARM processor, the ARM1 was a prototype which was never released. The ARM2 was originally called the Acorn RISC Machine. It was designed by {Acorn Computers Ltd.} and used in the original {Archimedes}, their successor to the {BBC Micro} and {BBC Master} series which were based on the eight-bit {6502} {microprocessor}. It was clocked at 8 MHz giving an average performance of 4 - 4.7 {MIPS}. Development of the ARM family was then continued by a new company, {Advanced RISC Machines Ltd.} The {ARM3} added a {fully-associative} on-chip {cache} and some support for {multiprocessing}. This was followed by the {ARM600} chip which was an {ARM6} processor {core} with a 4-kilobyte 64-way {set-associative} {cache}, an {MMU} based on the MEMC2 chip, a {write buffer} (8 words?) and a {coprocessor} interface. The {ARM7} processor core uses half the power of the {ARM6} and takes around half the {die} size. In a full processor design ({ARM700} chip) it should provide 50% to 100% more performance. In July 1994 {VLSI Technology, Inc.} released the {ARM710} processor chip. {Thumb} is an implementation with reduced code size requirements, intended for {embedded} applications. An {ARM800} chip is also planned. {AT&T}, {IBM}, {Panasonic}, {Apple Coputer}, {Matsushita} and {Sanyo} either rely on, or manufacture, ARM 32-bit processor chips. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.sys.arm}. (1997-08-05)

Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. "company" (ARM) A company formed in 1990 by {Acorn Computers} Ltd., {Apple Computer, Inc.} and {VLSI Technology} to market and develop the {Advanced RISC Machine} {microprocessor} family, originally designed by Acorn. ARM Ltd. also designs and licenses peripheral chips and supplies supporting software and hardware tools. In April 1993, Nippon Investment and Finance, a Daiwa Securities company, became ARM's fourth investor. In May 1994 Samsung became the sixth large company to have a licence to use the ARM processor core. The success of ARM Ltd. and the strategy to widen the availability of RISC technology has resulted in its chips now being used in a range of products including the {Apple Newton}. As measured by an independent authority, more ARM processors were shipped than {SPARC} chips in 1993. ARM has also sold three times more chips than the {PowerPC} consortium. {(http://systemv.com/armltd/index.html)}. E-mail: armltd.co.uk. Address: Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. Fulbourn Road, Cherry Hinton, Cambridge CB1 4JN, UK. Telephone: +44 (1223) 400 400. Fax: +44 (1223) 400 410. (1994-11-03)

Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface "storage, programming" (ASPI) A set of libraries designed to provide programs running under {Microsoft Windows} with a consistent interface for accessing {SCSI} devices. ASPI has become a {de facto standard}. The ASPI layer is a collection of programs ({DLLs}) that together implement the ASPI interface. Many problems are caused by device manufacturers packaging incomplete sets of these DLLs with their hardware, often with incorrect date stamps, causing newer versions to get replaced with old. ASPICHK from Adaptec will check the ASPI components installed on a computer. The latest ASPI layer as of March 1999 is 1014. The {ATAPI} standard for {IDE} devices makes them look to the system like SCSI devices and allows them to work through ASPI. {(http://resource.simplenet.com/primer/aspi.htm)}. (1999-03-30)

Advanced Technology Attachment "storage, hardware, standard" (ATA, AT Attachment or "Integrated Drive Electronics", IDE) A {disk drive} interface {standard} based on the {IBM PC} {ISA} 16-bit {bus} but also used on other {personal computers}. ATA specifies the power and data signal interfaces between the {motherboard} and the integrated {disk controller} and drive. The ATA "bus" only supports two devices - master and slave. ATA drives may in fact use any physical interface the manufacturer desires, so long as an embedded translator is included with the proper ATA interface. ATA "controllers" are actually direct connections to the ISA bus. Originally called IDE, the ATA interface was invented by {Compaq} around 1986, and was developed with the help of {Western Digital}, {Imprimis}, and then-upstart {Conner Peripherals}. Efforts to standardise the interface started in 1988; the first draft appeared in March 1989, and a finished version was sent to {ANSI} group X3T10 (who named it "Advanced Technology Attachment" (ATA)) for ratification in November 1990. X3T10 later extended ATA to {Advanced Technology Attachment Interface with Extensions} (ATA-2), followed by {ATA-3} and {ATA-4}. {X3T10 (http://symbios.com/x3t10/)}. (1998-10-08)

Advantage Gen "language, software" A {CASE} tool for {rapid application development} which generates code from graphical {business process models}. Formerly called Information Engineering Facility (IEF) and produced by {Texas Instruments}, it was then bought by {Sterling Software, Inc.} who renamed it to COOL:Gen to fit into their COOL line of products. {Computer Associates International, Inc.} then acquired {Sterling Software, Inc.}, and renamed the tool "Advantage Gen". In 2003, CA are supporting Advantage Gen and adding support for {J2EE}/{EJB}, enhanced web enablement, {Web services} and {.Net}. {(http://www3.ca.com/Solutions/Product.asp?ID=256)}. (2003-06-23)

ADVENT "games" /ad'vent/ The prototypical computer {adventure} game, first implemented by Will Crowther for a {CDC} computer (probably the {CDC 6600}?) as an attempt at computer-refereed fantasy gaming. ADVENT was ported to the {PDP-10}, and expanded to the 350-point {Classic} puzzle-oriented version, by Don Woods of the {Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory} (SAIL). The game is now better known as Adventure, but the {TOPS-10} {operating system} permitted only six-letter filenames. All the versions since are based on the SAIL port. David Long of the {University of Chicago} Graduate School of Business Computing Facility (which had two of the four {DEC20s} on campus in the late 1970s and early 1980s) was responsible for expanding the cave in a number of ways, and pushing the point count up to 500, then 501 points. Most of his work was in the data files, but he made some changes to the {parser} as well. This game defined the terse, dryly humorous style now expected in text adventure games, and popularised several tag lines that have become fixtures of hacker-speak: "A huge green fierce snake bars the way!" "I see no X here" (for some noun X). "You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike." "You are in a little maze of twisty passages, all different." The "magic words" {xyzzy} and {plugh} also derive from this game. Crowther, by the way, participated in the exploration of the Mammoth & Flint Ridge cave system; it actually *has* a "Colossal Cave" and a "Bedquilt" as in the game, and the "Y2" that also turns up is cavers' jargon for a map reference to a secondary entrance. See also {vadding}. [Was the original written in Fortran?] [{Jargon File}] (1996-04-01)

AIDS "jargon" /aydz/ A* Infected Disk Syndrome ("A*" is a {glob} pattern that matches, but is not limited to, {Apple Computer}), this condition is quite often the result of practicing unsafe {SEX}. See {virus}, {worm}, {Trojan horse}, {virgin}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-04-13)

Aladdin Systems, Inc. "company" The company that developed and distributes {Stuffit} and other {utility software} for the {Macintosh}, {Microsoft Windows}, and {Palm} {handheld computers}. Not to be confused with {Aladdin Enterprises}. {Aladdin Systems Home (http://aladdinsys.com/)}. (2003-09-20)

A Language with an Extensible Compiler "language" (ALEC) A language Implemented using {RCC} on an {ICL 1906A}. ["ALEC - A User Extensible Scientific Programming Language", R.B.E. Napper et al, Computer J 19(1):25-31]. (1995-04-19)

Alan Turing "person" Alan M. Turing, 1912-06-22/3? - 1954-06-07. A British mathematician, inventor of the {Turing Machine}. Turing also proposed the {Turing test}. Turing's work was fundamental in the theoretical foundations of computer science. Turing was a student and fellow of {King's College Cambridge} and was a graduate student at {Princeton University} from 1936 to 1938. While at Princeton Turing published "On Computable Numbers", a paper in which he conceived an {abstract machine}, now called a {Turing Machine}. Turing returned to England in 1938 and during World War II, he worked in the British Foreign Office. He masterminded operations at {Bletchley Park}, UK which were highly successful in cracking the Nazis "Enigma" codes during World War II. Some of his early advances in computer design were inspired by the need to perform many repetitive symbolic manipulations quickly. Before the building of the {Colossus} computer this work was done by a roomful of women. In 1945 he joined the {National Physical Laboratory} in London and worked on the design and construction of a large computer, named {Automatic Computing Engine} (ACE). In 1949 Turing became deputy director of the Computing Laboratory at Manchester where the {Manchester Automatic Digital Machine}, the worlds largest memory computer, was being built. He also worked on theories of {artificial intelligence}, and on the application of mathematical theory to biological forms. In 1952 he published the first part of his theoretical study of morphogenesis, the development of pattern and form in living organisms. Turing was gay, and died rather young under mysterious circumstances. He was arrested for violation of British homosexuality statutes in 1952. He died of potassium cyanide poisoning while conducting electrolysis experiments. An inquest concluded that it was self-administered but it is now thought by some to have been an accident. There is an excellent biography of Turing by Andrew Hodges, subtitled "The Enigma of Intelligence" and a play based on it called "Breaking the Code". There was also a popular summary of his work in Douglas Hofstadter's book "Gödel, Escher, Bach". {(http://AlanTuring.net/)}. (2001-10-09)

Algebraic Specification Language 1. "language" (ASL) ["Structured Algebraic Specifications: A Kernel Language", M. Wirsing, Theor Comput Sci 42, pp.123-249, Elsevier 1986]. 2. "language" (ASF) A language for equational specification of {abstract data types}. ["Algebraic Specification", J.A. Bergstra et al, A-W 1989]. (1995-12-13)

ALGOL 60 "language" ALGOrithmic Language 1960. A portable language for scientific computations. ALGOL 60 was small and elegant. It was {block-structured}, nested, {recursive} and {free form}. It was also the first language to be described in {BNF}. There were three {lexical} representations: hardware, reference, and publication. The only structured data types were {arrays}, but they were permitted to have lower bounds and could be dynamic. It also had {conditional expressions}; it introduced :=; if-then-else; very general "for" loops; switch declaration (an array of statement {labels} generalising {Fortran}'s {computed goto}). Parameters were {call-by-name} and {call-by-value}. It had {static} local "own" variables. It lacked user-defined types, character manipulation and {standard I/O}. See also {EULER}, {ALGOL 58}, {ALGOL 68}, {Foogol}. ["Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60", Peter Naur ed., CACM 3(5):299-314, May 1960]. (1995-01-25)

ALGOL 60 Modified "language" ["A Supplement to the ALGOL 60 Revised Report", R.M. DeMorgan et al, Computer J 19(4):364]. [SIGPLAN Notices 12(1) 1977]. An erratum in [Computer J 21(3):282 (Aug 1978)] applies to both. (1995-01-25)

ALGOL 68C "language" A variant of {ALGOL 68} developed by S. Bourne and Mike Guy of {Cambridge University} in 1975 and used as the implementation language for the {CHAOS} OS for the {CAP} {capability} computer. ALGOL 68C was ported to the {IBM 360}, {VAX}/{VMS} and several other {platforms}. (1995-05-02)

ALGOL 68S "language" A subset of {ALGOL 68} allowing simpler compilation, intended mainly for numerical computation. It was rewritten in {BLISS} for the {PDP-11}, and later in {Pascal}. It is available as {shareware} from Charles Lindsey "chl@cs.man.ac.uk". Version 2.3 runs on {Sun-3} under {SunOS} 4.x and {Atari} under {GEMDOS} (or potentially other computers supported by the {Amsterdam Compiler Kit}). ["A Sublanguage of ALGOL 68", P.G. Hibbard, SIGPLAN Notices 12(5), May 1977]. (1995-05-04)

algorithmic art "algorithm, recreation" Visual works created using computers for pleasure. {Examples (http://foldoc.org/pub/js/)}. (2019-11-07)

Algorithmic Processor Description Language "language" (APDL) An {ALGOL 60}-like language for describing computer design, for the {CDC G-21}. ["The Description, Simulation, and Automatic Implementation of Digital Computer Processors", J.A. Darringer, Ph.D Thesis EE Dept, CMU May 1969]. (1995-11-26)

Algorithmic Test Case Generation "programming" A computational method for identifying test cases from data, logical relationships or other software {requirements} information. (1996-05-10)

alias 1. "operating system" A name, usually short and easy to remember and type, that is translated into another name or string, usually long and difficult to remember or type. Most {command interpreters} (e.g. {Unix}'s {csh}) allow the user to define aliases for commands, e.g. "alias l ls -al". These are loaded into memory when the interpreter starts and are expanded without needing to refer to any file. 2. "networking" One of several alternative {hostnames} with the same {Internet address}. E.g. in the {Unix} {hosts} database (/etc/hosts or {NIS} map) the first field on a line is the {Internet address}, the next is the official hostname (the "{canonical} name" or "{CNAME}"), and any others are aliases. Hostname aliases often indicate that the host with that alias provides a particular network service such as {archie}, {finger}, {FTP}, or {web}. The assignment of services to computers can then be changed simply by moving an alias (e.g. www.doc.ic.ac.uk) from one {Internet address} to another, without the clients needing to be aware of the change. 3. "file system" The name used by {Apple computer, Inc.} for {symbolic links} when they added them to the {System 7} {operating system} in 1991. (1997-10-22) 4. "programming" Two names ({identifiers}), usually of local or global {variables}, that refer to the same resource ({memory} location) are said to be aliased. Although names introduced in {programming languages} are typically mapped to different {memory} locations, aliasing can be introduced by the use of {address} arithmetic and {pointers} or language-specific features, like {C++} {references}. Statically deciding (e.g. via a {program analysis} executed by a sophisticated {compiler}) which locations of a {program} will be aliased at run time is an {undecidable} problem. [G. Ramalingam: "The Undecidability of Aliasing", ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), Volume 16, Issue 5, September 1994, Pages: 1467 - 1471, ISSN:0164-0925.] (2004-09-12)

Alice "computer, parallel" A parallel {graph rewriting} computer developed by {Imperial College}, {University of Edinburgh} and {ICL}. (1995-01-19)

Aloha Net "networking" (From the Hawaiian greeting) One of the first functioning {networks} in the USA, conceived and implimented at the {University of Hawaii} campus at Manoa. Its purpose was to link the University {mainframe} computer to client computers located on outer islands at University campuses. Put in place in the early 1970s, it was dubed the Aloha Net. {Key punch} cards were fed through a reader, and sent over the commercial phone lines. (1995-12-10)

Alonzo Church "person" A twentieth century mathematician and logician, and one of the founders of computer science. Church invented the {lambda-calculus} and posited a version of the {Church-Turing thesis}. (1995-03-25)

ALPAK "library" A subroutine package used by {ALTRAN}. ["The ALPAK System for Nonnumerical Algebra on a Digital Computer", W.S. Brown, Bell Sys Tech J 42:2081, 1963]. [Sammet 1969, p. 502]. (1995-05-10)

ALPHA "language" (Or "Input") An extension of {ALGOL 60} for the {M-20} computer developed by A.P. Ershov at Novosibirsk in 1961. ALPHA includes {matrix} operations, {slices}, and complex arithmetic. ["The Alpha Automatic Programming System", A.P. Ershov ed., A-P 1971]. (1995-05-10)

ALP "language" A {list processing} extension of {Mercury Autocode}. ["ALP, An Autocode List-Processing Language", D.C. Cooper et al, Computer J 5:28-31, 1962]. (1995-01-24)

ALPS "language" 1. An interpreted {algebraic language} for the {Bendix G15} developed by Dr. Richard V. Andree (? - 1987), Joel C. Ewing and others of the {University of Oklahoma} from Spring 1966 (possibly 1965). Dale Peters "dpeters@theshop.net" reports that in the summer of 1966 he attended the second year of an {NSF}-sponsored summer institute in mathematics and computing at the University of Oklahoma. Dr. Andree's computing class mostly used the language GO-GO, later renamed ALPS. The language changed frequently during the class, which was occasionally disorienting. Dale believes it was also used in Summer 1965 and that it was about this time that {John G. Kemeny} (one of the designers of {Dartmouth BASIC}, 1963) saw it during a visit. Dr. Andree's January 1967 class mimeo notes on ALPS begin: "ALPS is a new programming language designed and perfected by Mr. Harold Bradbury, Mr. Joel Ewing and Mr. Harold Wiebe, members of the O.U. Mathematics Computer Consultants Group under the direction of Dr. Richard V. Andree. ALPS is designed to be used with a minimum of training to solve numerical problems on a computer with typewriter stations and using man-computer cooperation by persons who have little familiarity with advanced mathematics." The initial version of what evolved into ALPS was designed and implemented by Joel Ewing (a pre-senior undergrad) in G15 {machine language} out of frustration with the lack of applications to use the G15's dual-case alphanumeric I/O capabilities. Harold Wiebe also worked on the code. Others, including Ralph Howenstine, a member of the O.U. Math Computer Consultants Group, contributed to the design of extensions and Dr. Andree authored all the instructional materials, made the outside world aware of the language and encouraged work on the language. (2006-10-10) 2. A parallel {logic language}. ["Synchronization and Scheduling in ALPS Objects", P. Vishnubhotia, Proc 8th Intl Conf Distrib Com Sys, IEEE 1988, pp. 256-264]. (1994-11-24)

Altair 8800 "computer" An {Intel 8080}-based machine made by {MITS}. The Altair was the first popular {microcomputer} kit. It appeared on the cover of the January 1975 "Popular Electronics" magazine with an article (probably) by Leslie Solomon. Leslie Solomon was an editor at Popular Electronics who had a knack for spotting kits that would interest people and make them buy the magazine. The Altair 8800 was one such. The MITS guys took the prototype Altair to New York to show Solomon, but couldn't get it to work after the flight. Nonetheless, he liked it, and it appeared on the cover as "The first minicomputer in a kit." Solomon's blessing was important enough that some MITS competitors named their product the "SOL" to gain his favour. Some wags suggested {SOL} was actually an abbreviation for the condition in which kit purchasers would find themselves. {Bill Gates} and Paul Allen saw the article on the Altair 8800 in Popular Electronics. They realised that the Altair, which was programmed via its binary front panel needed a {high level language}. Legend has it that they called MITS with the claim that they had a {BASIC} {interpreter} for the Altair. When MITS asked them to demo it in Albuquerque, they wrote one on the plane. On arrival, they entered the machine code via the front panel and demonstrated and sold their "product." Thus was born "Altair BASIC." The original Altair BASIC ran in less than 4K of RAM because a "loaded" Altair had 4K memory. Since there was no {operating system} on the Altair, Altair BASIC included what we now think of as {BIOS}. It was distributed on {paper tape} that could be read on a {Teletype}. Later versions supported the 8K Altair and the 16K {diskette}-based Altair (demonstrating that, even in the 1970s, {Microsoft} was committed to {software bloat}). Altair BASIC was ported to the {Motorola 6800} for the Altair 680 machine, and to other 8080-based microcomputers produced by MITS' competitors. {PC-History.org Altair 8800 page (http://pc-history.org/altair_8800.htm)}. [Forrest M. Mimms, article in "Computers and Electronics", (formerly "Popular Electronics"), Jan 1985(?)]. [Was there ever an "Altair 9000" microcomputer?] (2002-06-17)

amateur packet radio "communications" (PR) The use of {packet radio} by amateurs to communicate between computers. PR is a complete amateur radio computer network with "digipeaters" (relays), mailboxes (BBS) and other special nodes. In Germany, it is on HF, say, 2m (300 and 1200 BPS), 70cm (1200 to 9600 BPS), 23cm (normally 9600 BPS and up, currently most links between digipeaters) and higher frequencies. There is a KW (short wave) Packet Radio at 300 BPS, too. Satellites with OSCAR (Orbiting Sattelite Carring Amateur Radio) transponders (mostly attached to commercial satellites by the AMateur SATellite (AMSAT) group) carry Packet Radio mailboxes or {digipeaters}. There are both on-line and off-line services on the packet radio network: You can send {electronic mail}, read bulletins, chat, transfer files, connect to on-line DX-Clusters (DX=far distance) to catch notes typed in by other HAMs about the hottest international KW connections currently coming up (so you can pile up). PR uses {AX.25} (an {X.25} derivative) as its {transport layer} and sometimes even {TCP/IP} is transmitted over AX.25. AX.25 is like X.25 but the adressing uses HAM "calls" like "DG8MGV". There are special "wormholes" all over the world which "tunnel" amateur radio traffic through the {Internet} to forward mail. Sometimes mails travels over satelites. Normally amateur satellites have strange orbits, however the mail forwarding or mailbox satellites have very predictable orbits. Some wormholes allow HAMs to bridge from Internet to {AMPR-NET}, e.g. db0fho.ampr.org or db0fho.et-inf.fho-emden.de, but only if you are registered HAM. Because amateur radio is not for profit, it must not be interconnected to the {Internet} but it may be connected through the Internet. All people on the (completely free) amateur radio net must be licensed radio amateurs and must have a "call" which is unique all over the world. There is a special {domain} AMPR.ORG (44.*.*.*) for amateur radio reserved in the IP space. This domain is split between countries, which can further subdivide it. For example 44.130.*.* is Germany, 44.130.58.* is Augsburg (in Bavaria), and 44.130.58.20 is dg8mgv.ampr.org (you may verify this with {nslookup}). Mail transport is only one aspect of packet radio. You can talk interactively (as in {chat}), read files, or play silly games built in the Packet Radio software. Usually you can use the autorouter to let the digipeater network find a path to the station you want. However there are many (sometimes software incompatible) digipeaters out there, which the router cannot use. Paths over 1000 km are unlikely to be useable for {real-time} communication and long paths can introduce significant delay times (answer latency). Other uses of amateur radio for computer communication include {RTTY} ({baudot}), {AMTOR}, {PACTOR}, and {CLOVER}. {A huge hamradio archive (ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:rec.radio.amateur.packet}. (2001-05-12)

AMBIT "language" Algebraic Manipulation by Identity Translation (also claimed: "Acronym May Be Ignored Totally"). An early {pattern-matching} language, developed by C. Christensen of Massachusetts Computer Assocs in 1964, aimed at algebraic manipulation. [Sammet 1969, pp. 454-457]. (1994-12-08)

Amdahl Corporation "company" A US computer manufacturer. Amdahl is a major supplier of large {mainframes}, {UNIX} and {Open Systems} software and servers, data storage subsystems, data communications products, applications development software, and a variety of educational and consulting services. Amdahl products are sold in more than 30 countries for use in both open systems and {IBM} plug-compatible mainframe computing environments. Quarterly sales $397M, profits $13M (Aug 1994). In 1997 Amdahl became a division of {Fujitsu}. {(http://amdahl.com/)}. (1995-05-23)

Amdahl's Law "parallel" (Named after {Gene Amdahl}) If F is the fraction of a calculation that is sequential, and (1-F) is the fraction that can be parallelised, then the maximum {speedup} that can be achieved by using P processors is 1/(F+(1-F)/P). [Gene Amdahl, "Validity of the Single Processor Approach to Achieving Large-Scale Computing Capabilities", AFIPS Conference Proceedings, (30), pp. 483-485, 1967]. (2002-10-16)

American National Standards Institute "body, standard" (ANSI) The private, non-profit organisation (501(c)3) responsible for approving US {standards} in many areas, including computers and communications. ANSI is a member of {ISO}. ANSI sells ANSI and ISO (international) standards. {ANSI Home (http://ansi.org/)}. Address: New York, NY 10036, USA. Sales: 1430 Broadway, NY NY 10018. Telephone: +1 (212) 642 4900. (2004-01-14)

American Standard Code for Information Interchange "character, standard" The basis of {character sets} used in almost all present-day computers. {US-ASCII} uses only the lower seven {bits} ({character points} 0 to 127) to convey some {control codes}, {space}, numbers, most basic punctuation, and unaccented letters a-z and A-Z. More modern {coded character sets} (e.g., {Latin-1}, {Unicode}) define extensions to ASCII for values above 127 for conveying special {Latin characters} (like accented characters, or {German} ess-tsett), characters from non-Latin writing systems (e.g., {Cyrillic}, or {Han characters}), and such desirable {glyphs} as distinct open- and close-{quotation marks}. ASCII replaced earlier systems such as {EBCDIC} and {Baudot}, which used fewer bytes, but were each {broken} in their own way. Computers are much pickier about spelling than humans; thus, {hackers} need to be very precise when talking about characters, and have developed a considerable amount of verbal shorthand for them. Every character has one or more names - some formal, some concise, some silly. Individual characters are listed in this dictionary with alternative names from revision 2.3 of the {Usenet} ASCII pronunciation guide in rough order of popularity, including their official {ITU-T} names and the particularly silly names introduced by {INTERCAL}. See {V} {ampersand}, {asterisk}, {back quote}, {backslash}, {caret}, {colon}, {comma}, {commercial at}, {control-C}, {dollar}, {dot}, {double quote}, {equals}, {exclamation mark}, {greater than}, {hash}, {left bracket}, {left parenthesis}, {less than}, {minus}, {parentheses}, {oblique stroke}, {percent}, {plus}, {question mark}, {right brace}, {right brace}, {right bracket}, {right parenthesis}, {semicolon}, {single quote}, {space}, {tilde}, {underscore}, {vertical bar}, {zero}. Some other common usages cause odd overlaps. The "

America On-Line, Inc. "company, communications" (AOL) A US on-line service provider based in Vienna, Virginia, USA. AOL claims to be the largest and fastest growing provider of on-line services in the world, with the most active subscriber base. AOL offers its three million subscribers {electronic mail}, interactive newspapers and magazines, conferencing, software libraries, computing support, and on-line classes. In October 1994 AOL made {Internet} {FTP} available to its members and in May 1995, full Internet access including {web}. AOL's main competitors are {Prodigy} and {Compuserve}. {(http://aol.com/)}. (1997-08-26)

Amiga "computer" A range of home computers first released by {Commodore Business Machines} in early 1985 (though they did not design the original - see below). Amigas were popular for {games}, {video processing}, and {multimedia}. One notable feature is a hardware {blitter} for speeding up graphics operations on whole areas of the screen. The Amiga was originally called the Lorraine, and was developed by a company named "Amiga" or "Amiga, Inc.", funded by some doctors to produce a killer game machine. After the US game machine market collapsed, the Amiga company sold some {joysticks} but no Lorraines or any other computer. They eventually floundered and looked for a buyer. Commodore at that time bought the (mostly complete) Amiga machine, infused some money, and pushed it through the final stages of development in a hurry. Commodore released it sometime[?] in 1985. Most components within the machine were known by nicknames. The {coprocessor} commonly called the "Copper" is in fact the "{Video} Timing Coprocessor" and is split between two chips: the instruction fetch and execute units are in the "Agnus" chip, and the {pixel} timing circuits are in the "Denise" chip (A for address, D for data). "Agnus" and "Denise" were responsible for effects timed to the {real-time} position of the video scan, such as midscreen {palette} changes, {sprite multiplying}, and {resolution} changes. Different versions (in order) were: "Agnus" (could only address 512K of {video RAM}), "Fat Agnus" (in a {PLCC} package, could access 1MB of video RAM), "Super Agnus" (slightly upgraded "Fat Agnus"). "Agnus" and "Fat Agnus" came in {PAL} and {NTSC} versions, "Super Agnus" came in one version, jumper selectable for PAL or NTSC. "Agnus" was replaced by "Alice" in the A4000 and A1200, which allowed for more {DMA} channels and higher bus {bandwidth}. "Denise" outputs binary video data (3*4 bits) to the "Vidiot". The "Vidiot" is a hybrid that combines and amplifies the 12-bit video data from "Denise" into {RGB} to the {monitor}. Other chips were "Amber" (a "flicker fixer", used in the A3000 and Commodore display enhancer for the A2000), "Gary" ({I/O}, addressing, G for {glue logic}), "Buster" (the {bus controller}, which replaced "Gary" in the A2000), "Buster II" (for handling the Zorro II/III cards in the A3000, which meant that "Gary" was back again), "Ramsey" (The {RAM} controller), "DMAC" (The DMA controller chip for the WD33C93 {SCSI adaptor} used in the A3000 and on the A2091/A2092 SCSI adaptor card for the A2000; and to control the {CD-ROM} in the {CDTV}), and "Paula" ({Peripheral}, Audio, {UART}, {interrupt} Lines, and {bus Arbiter}). There were several Amiga chipsets: the "Old Chipset" (OCS), the "Enhanced Chipset" (ECS), and {AGA}. OCS included "Paula", "Gary", "Denise", and "Agnus". ECS had the same "Paula", "Gary", "Agnus" (could address 2MB of Chip RAM), "Super Denise" (upgraded to support "Agnus" so that a few new {screen modes} were available). With the introduction of the {Amiga A600} "Gary" was replaced with "Gayle" (though the chipset was still called ECS). "Gayle" provided a number of improvments but the main one was support for the A600's {PCMCIA} port. The AGA chipset had "Agnus" with twice the speed and a 24-bit palette, maximum displayable: 8 bits (256 colours), although the famous "{HAM}" (Hold And Modify) trick allows pictures of 256,000 colours to be displayed. AGA's "Paula" and "Gayle" were unchanged but AGA "Denise" supported AGA "Agnus"'s new screen modes. Unfortunately, even AGA "Paula" did not support High Density {floppy disk drives}. (The Amiga 4000, though, did support high density drives.) In order to use a high density disk drive Amiga HD floppy drives spin at half the rotational speed thus halving the data rate to "Paula". Commodore Business Machines went bankrupt on 1994-04-29, the German company {Escom AG} bought the rights to the Amiga on 1995-04-21 and the Commodore Amiga became the Escom Amiga. In April 1996 Escom were reported to be making the {Amiga} range again but they too fell on hard times and {Gateway 2000} (now called Gateway) bought the Amiga brand on 1997-05-15. Gateway licensed the Amiga operating system to a German hardware company called {Phase 5} on 1998-03-09. The following day, Phase 5 announced the introduction of a four-processor {PowerPC} based Amiga {clone} called the "{pre\box}". Since then, it has been announced that the new operating system will be a version of {QNX}. On 1998-06-25, a company called {Access Innovations Ltd} announced {plans (http://micktinker.co.uk/aaplus.html)} to build a new Amiga chip set, the {AA+}, based partly on the AGA chips but with new fully 32-bit functional core and 16-bit AGA {hardware register emulation} for {backward compatibility}. The new core promised improved memory access and video display DMA. By the end of 2000, Amiga development was under the control of a [new?] company called {Amiga, Inc.}. As well as continuing development of AmigaOS (version 3.9 released in December 2000), their "Digital Environment" is a {virtual machine} for multiple {platforms} conforming to the {ZICO} specification. As of 2000, it ran on {MIPS}, {ARM}, {PPC}, and {x86} processors. {(http://amiga.com/)}. {Amiga Web Directory (http://cucug.org/amiga.html)}. {amiCrawler (http://amicrawler.com/)}. Newsgroups: {news:comp.binaries.amiga}, {news:comp.sources.amiga}, {news:comp.sys.amiga}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.advocacy}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.announce}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.applications}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.audio}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.datacomm}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.emulations}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.games}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.graphics}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.hardware}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.introduction}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.marketplace}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.misc}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.multimedia}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.programmer}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.reviews}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.tech}, {news:comp.sys.amiga.telecomm}, {news:comp.Unix.amiga}. See {aminet}, {Amoeba}, {bomb}, {exec}, {gronk}, {guru meditation}, {Intuition}, {sidecar}, {slap on the side}, {Vulcan nerve pinch}. (2003-07-05)

Aminet "networking" (Amiga network) A collection of {FTP} {mirrors} that contain several {gigabytes} of {freely distributable software} for the {Amiga} range of computers. {Home, ftp.wustl.edu (ftp://ftp.wustl.edu)}. (1997-08-31)

Amoeba 1. "operating system" A distributed {operating system} developed by {Andrew S. Tanenbaum} and others of {Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam}. Amoeba is only available under licence from the VUA, but is free of charge and includes all {source}, {binaries} and documentation. {(http://am.cs.vu.nl/)}. [Features?] 2. "computer, abuse" A derogatory term for {Commodore}'s {Amiga} {personal computer}. [{Jargon File}] (1997-05-07)

AMPLE "language, music" A {FORTH}-like language for programming the 500/5000 series of add-on music synthesisers for the {BBC Microcomputer}. AMPLE was produced by Hybrid Technologies, Cambridge, England in the mid 1980s. Many AMPLE programs were published in Acorn User magazine. (1995-11-01)

AMPL "language" Along with {mpl}, the intrinsic parallel languages for {MasPar}'s computers. AMPL and mpl are parallel variants of {C}. Ampl is actually now a {gcc} port. ["AMPL: Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Multiprocessing Language", R. Dannenberg, CMU 1981]. ["Loglan Implementation of the AMPL Message Passing System", J. Milewski SIGPLAN Notices 19(9):21-29 (Sept 1984)]. [Are these the same language?] (1995-11-01)

A. M. Turing, Computability and λ-definability, The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 2 (1937), pp. 153-163.

A. M. Turing, On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, ser. 2 vol. 42 (1937), pp. 230-265, and Correction, ibid., ser. 2 vol. 43 (1937), pp. 544-546.

Amulet "processor" An implementation or the {Advanced RISC Machine} {microprocessor} architecture using the {micropipeline} design style. In April 1994 the Amulet group in the Computer Science department of {Manchester University} took delivery of the AMULET1 {microprocessor}. This was their first large scale asynchronous circuit and the world's first implementation of a commercial microprocessor architecture (ARM) in {asynchronous logic}. Work was begun at the end of 1990 and the design despatched for fabrication in February 1993. The primary intent was to demonstrate that an asynchronous microprocessor can consume less power than a synchronous design. The design incorporates a number of concurrent units which cooperate to give instruction level compatibility with the existing synchronous part. These include an Address unit, which autonomously generates instruction fetch requests and interleaves ({nondeterministic}ally) data requests from the Execution unit; a {Register} file which supplies operands, queues write destinations and handles data dependencies; an Execution unit which includes a multiplier, a shifter and an {ALU} with data-dependent delay; a Data interface which performs byte extraction and alignment and includes an {instruction prefetch} buffer, and a control path which performs {instruction decode}. These units only synchronise to exchange data. The design demonstrates that all the usual problems of processor design can be solved in this asynchronous framework: backward {instruction set} compatibility, {interrupts} and exact {exceptions} for {memory faults} are all covered. It also demonstrates some unusual behaviour, for instance {nondeterministic} prefetch depth beyond a branch instruction (though the instructions which actually get executed are, of course, deterministic). There are some unusual problems for {compiler} {optimisation}, as the metric which must be used to compare alternative code sequences is continuous rather than discrete, and the {nondeterminism} in external behaviour must also be taken into account. The chip was designed using a mixture of custom {datapath} and compiled control logic elements, as was the synchronous ARM. The fabrication technology is the same as that used for one version of the synchronous part, reducing the number of variables when comparing the two parts. Two silicon implementations have been received and preliminary measurements have been taken from these. The first is a 0.7um process and has achieved about 28 kDhrystones running the standard {benchmark} program. The other is a 1 um implementation and achieves about 20 kDhrystones. For the faster of the parts this is equivalent to a synchronous {ARM6} clocked at around 20MHz; in the case of AMULET1 it is likely that this speed is limited by the memory system cycle time (just over 50ns) rather than the processor chip itself. A fair comparison of devices at the same geometries gives the AMULET1 performance as about 70% of that of an {ARM6} running at 20MHz. Its power consumption is very similar to that of the ARM6; the AMULET1 therefore delivers about 80 MIPS/W (compared with around 120 from a 20MHz ARM6). Multiplication is several times faster on the AMULET1 owing to the inclusion of a specialised asynchronous multiplier. This performance is reasonable considering that the AMULET1 is a first generation part, whereas the synchronous ARM has undergone several design iterations. AMULET2 (under development in 1994) was expected to be three times faster than AMULET1 and use less power. The {macrocell} size (without {pad ring}) is 5.5 mm by 4.5 mm on a 1 micron {CMOS} process, which is about twice the area of the synchronous part. Some of the increase can be attributed to the more sophisticated organisation of the new part: it has a deeper {pipeline} than the clocked version and it supports multiple outstanding memory requests; there is also specialised circuitry to increase the multiplication speed. Although there is undoubtedly some overhead attributable to the asynchronous control logic, this is estimated to be closer to 20% than to the 100% suggested by the direct comparison. AMULET1 is code compatible with {ARM6} and is so is capable of running existing {binaries} without modification. The implementation also includes features such as interrupts and memory aborts. The work was part of a broad {ESPRIT} funded investigation into low-power technologies within the European {Open Microprocessor systems Initiative} (OMI) programme, where there is interest in low-power techniques both for portable equipment and (in the longer term) to alleviate the problems of the increasingly high dissipation of high-performance chips. This initial investigation into the role {asynchronous logic} might play has now demonstrated that asynchronous techniques can be applied to problems of the scale of a complete {microprocessor}. {(http://cs.man.ac.uk/amulet)}. (1994-12-08)

analog computer {analogue computer}

analogue computer "computer, hardware" A machine or electronic circuit designed to work on numerical data represented by some physical quantity (e.g. rotation or displacement) or electrical quantity (e.g. voltage or charge) which varies continuously, in contrast to {digital} signals which are either 0 or 1. For example, the turning of a wheel or changes in voltage can be used as input. Analogue computers are said to operate in {real time} and are used for research in design where many different shapes and speeds can be tried out quickly. A computer model of a car suspension allows the designer to see the effects of changing size, stiffness and damping. (1995-05-01)

analogue "electronics" (US: "analog") A description of a continuously variable signal or a circuit or device designed to handle such signals. The opposite is "discrete" or "{digital}". Analogue circuits are much harder to design and analyse than digital ones because the designer must take into account effects such as the gain, linearity and power handling of components, the resistance, capacitance and inductance of PCB tracks, wires and connectors, interference between signals, power supply stability and more. A digital circuit design, especially for high switching speeds, must also take these factors into account if it is to work reliably, but they are usually less critical because most digital components will function correctly within a range of parameters whereas such variations will corrupt the outputs of an analogue circuit. See also {analogue computer}. (1995-11-14)

Analytical Engine "history" A design for a general-purpose digital computer proposed by {Charles Babbage} in 1837 as a successor to his earlier special-purpose {Difference Engine}. The Analytical Engine was to be built from brass gears powered by steam with input given on {punched cards}. Babbage could never secure enough funding to build it, and so it was, and never has been, constructed. {(http://fourmilab.ch/babbage/)}. (1998-10-19)

Andrew File System "operating system, storage" (AFS) The distributed {file system} of the {Andrew Project}, adopted by the {OSF} as part of their {Distributed Computing Environment}. {Frequently Asked Questions (http://transarc.com/Product/AFS/FAQ/faq.html)}. (1994-11-24)

Andrew Project "project" A distributed system project for support of educational and research computing at {Carnegie Mellon University}, named after Andrew Carnegie, an American philanthropist who provided money to establish CMU. See also {Andrew File System}, {Andrew Message System}, {Andrew Toolkit}, {class}. {Home FTP (ftp://emsworth.andrew.cmu.edu)}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.soft-sys.andrew}. [More detail?] (1997-11-17)

Andrew Tanenbaum "person" Professor Andrew S. Tanenbaum (1941-) of the {Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam} in The Netherlands. Tanenbaum is famous for his work and books on computer architecture, {operating systems} and {networks}. He wrote the textbook "Computer Networks", Second Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1981, which describes the {International Standards Organisation}, {Open Systems Interconnection} (ISO-OSI) network model. See {Amoeba}, {Mac-1}, {Mic-1}, {Mic-2}, {Micro Assembly Language}, {MINIX}, {MicroProgramming Language}, {standard}. [Home page?] (1996-04-23)

Angel "operating system" A single {address space}, {micro-kernel} {operating system} for {multiprocessor} computers, developed at {Imperial College} and {City University}, London, UK. [Ariel Burton] (1995-11-24)

ANSI Z39.50 "networking, standard" Information Retrieval Service Definition and Protocol Specification for Library Applications, officially known as ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1992, and ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1995. This {standard}, used by {WAIS}, specifies an {OSI} {application layer} service to allow an application on one computer to query a {database} on another. Z39.50 is used in libraries and for searching some databases on the {Internet}. The US {Library of Congress (http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency/)} is the official maintanence agency for Z39.50. {Index Data}, a Danish company, have released a lot of Z39.50 code. Their {website} explains the relevant {ISO} {standards} and how they are amicably converging in Z39.50 version 4.0. {Overview (http://nlc-bnc.ca/ifla/VI/5/op/udtop3.htm)}. {Z39.50 resources (http://lamp.cs.utas.edu.au/net.html

Anthony Hoare "person" (C. Anthony R. Hoare, Tony) A computer scientist working on programming languages, especially {parallel} ones. Hoare was responsible for {Communicating Sequential Processes} (CSP). See also: {pointer}, {Simone}. [Did he invent the Hoare {powerdomain}? Other details?] (1999-07-22)

antivirus software "tool" Programs to detect and remove computer {viruses}. The simplest kind scans executable files and {boot blocks} for a list of known viruses. Others are constantly active, attempting to detect the actions of general classes of viruses. antivirus software should always include a regular update service allowing it to keep up with the latest viruses as they are released. (1998-02-25)

any key "humour, hardware" The key that particularly confused {users} look for on their computer keyboards when instructed to "Press any key to continue". "But my keyboard doesn't have a key labelled 'any'!". {Compaq FAQ (http://web14.compaq.com/falco/detail.asp?FAQnum=FAQ2859)}. (2003-09-30)

apE "graphics" A graphics package from the Ohio Supercomputer Centre. (1995-11-29)

Apollo Computer "company" A company making {workstations} often used for {CAD}. From 1980 to 1987, Apollo were the largest manufacturer of network {workstations}. Apollo workstations ran {Aegis}, a proprietary {operating system} with a {Posix}-compliant {Unix} alternative frontend. Apollo's networking was particularly elegant, among the first to allow {demand paging} over the network, and allowing a degree of {network transparency} and low {sysadmin}-to-machine ratio that is still unmatched. Apollo's largest customers were Mentor Graphics (electronic design), GM, Ford, Chrysler, and Boeing (mechanical design). Apollo was acquired by {Hewlett-Packard} in 1989, and gradually closed down over the period 1990-1997. (2003-07-18)

Apple {Apple Computer, Inc.}

Apple Attachment Unit Interface "hardware, networking" (AAUI) A 14-position, 0.050-inch-spaced ribbon contact connector. Early {Power Macs} and Quadras had an AAUI (Apple Attachment Unit Interface) {port} (rectangular shaped) for {Ethernet}, which requires a {transceiver}. To use {twisted pair} cabling, you would need to get a {twisted pair} transceiver for the computer with an AAUI port. Some {Power Mac} computers had both an AAUI and {RJ-45} port; you can use one or the other, but not both. The pin-out is: Pin Signal Name   Signal Description ---- -------------- --------------------------------- 1   FN Pwr     Power (+12V @ 2.1W or +5V @ 1.9W) 2   DI-A      Data In circuit A 3   DI-B      Data In circuit B 4   VCC       Voltage Common 5   CI-A      Control In circuit A 6   CI-B      Control In circuit B 7   +5V       +5 volts (from host) 8   +5V       Secondary +5 volts (from host) 9   DO-A      Data Out circuit A 10  DO-B      Data Out circuit B 11  VCC       Secondary Voltage Common 12  NC       Reserved 13  NC       Reserved 14  FN Pwr     Secondary +12V @ 2.1W or +5V @ 1.9W Shell Protective Gnd Protective Ground AAUI signals have the same description, function, and electrical requirements as the {AUI} signals of the same name, as detailed in {IEEE 802.3}-1990 CSMA/CD Standard, section 7. (2000-02-10)

Apple Computer, Inc. "company" Manufacturers of the {Macintosh} range of {personal computers} as well as the earlier {Apple I}, {Apple II} and {Lisa}. Founded on 1 April 1976 by {Steve Jobs} and {Steve Wozniak}. Apples were among the first {microcomputers}. They originally used the {6502} processor and are still being made (August 1994), now using the {65816}. The {Apple II} line, which includes the {Apple I}, is the longest existing line of microcomputers. Steve Jobs left Apple (involuntarily) and started {NeXT} and later returned when Apple bought NeXT in late 1997(?). Quarterly sales $2150M, profits $138M (Aug 1994). {(http://apple.com/)}. [Dates? More?] (1998-03-13)

Apple II "computer" An 8-bit {personal computer} with a {6502} processor, from {Apple Computer}. It was invented by {Steve Wozniak} and was very popular from about 1980 until the first several years of {MS-DOS} {IBM PCs}. (1995-01-12)

Apple Newton "computer" A {Personal Digital Assistant} produced by {Apple Computer}. The Newton provides a clever, {user-friendly} interface and relies solely on pen-based input. Eagerly anticipated, the Newton uses handwriting recognition software to "learn" the users handwriting and provide reliable {character recognition}. Various third-party software applications are available and add-on {peripherals} like wireless {modems} for {Internet} access are being sold by {Apple Computer, Inc.} and its licensees. {Newton Inc.}'s {NewtonOS} competes with {Microsoft Corporation}'s {Windows CE}, and was to be compatible with {DEC}'s {StrongARM} SA-1100, an embedded 200MHz {microprocessor}, which was due in 1998. {(http://newton.apple.com/)}. {Handwriting recognition example (http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~jxm/tablespoons.html)}. (1997-09-12)

Applesoft BASIC "language" A version of {BASIC} for {Apple} computers. (1995-12-10)

Appletalk "networking, protocol" A proprietary {local area network} {protocol} developed by {Apple Computer, Inc.} for communication between Apple products (e.g. {Macintosh}) and other computers. This protocol is independent of the {network layer} on which it runs. Current implementations exist for {Localtalk}, a 235 kilobyte per second local area network and {Ethertalk}, a 10 megabyte per second local area network. (1995-03-08)

application development "programming" Writing {computer programs} to meet specific {requirements}; the job of an Application Developer. Application development often includes responsibility for {requirements capture} and/or {testing} as well as actual {programming} (the more limited activity implied by the term {programmer}). (2013-08-15)

Application Executive "language" (AE) An {embeddable language}, written as a {C} {interpreter} by Brian Bliss at UIUC. AE is compiled with an {application} and thus exists in the same process and address space. It includes a {dbx} {symbol table} scanner to access compiled variables and routines, or you can enter them manually by providing a type/name declaration and the address. When the {interpreter} is invoked, {source code} fragments are read from the input stream (or a string), {parsed}, and evaluated immediately. The user can call compiled functions in addition to a few {built-in} intrinsics, declare new data types and data objects, etc. Different input streams can be evaluated in parallel on {Alliant} computers. AE has been ported to {SunOS} (cc or {gcc}), {Alliant FX} and {Cray YMP} (soon). {(ftp://sp2.csrd.uiuc.edu/pub/at.tar.Z)}. {(ftp://sp2.csrd.uiuc.edu/pub/bliss/ae.tex.Z)}. (1992-04-21)

application server 1. "software" A {designer}'s or {developer}'s suite of {software} that helps {programmers} isolate the {business logic} in their {programs} from the {platform}-related code. {Application} {servers} can handle all of the {application} {logic} and {connectivity} found in {client-server} {applications}. Many {application} {servers} also offer features such as {transaction management}, {clustering} and {failover}, and {load balancing}; nearly all offer {ODBC} support. {Application} {servers} range from small {footprint}, web-based {processors} for intelligent appliances or remote {embedded} devices, to complete environments for assembling, deploying, and maintaining {scalable} {multi-tier} applications across an {enterprise}. 2. "software" Production {programs} run on a mid-sized computer that handle all {application} operations between {browser}-based computers and an organisation's back-end business {applications} or {databases}. The {application} {server} works as a translator, allowing, for example, a customer with a {browser} to search an online retailer's {database} for pricing information. 3. "hardware" The device on which {application} {server} {software} runs. {Application Service Providers} offer commercial access to such devices. {Citrix Application Serving White Paper (http://citrix.com/press/corpinfo/application_serving_wp_0700.pdf)}. {Application Server Sites, a list maintained by Vayda & Herzum (http://componentfactory.org/links/appl.htm)}. {The Application Server Zone at DevX, (http://appserver-zone.com/default.asp)}. {TechMetrix Research's Application Server Directory, (http://techmetrix.com/trendmarkers/techmetrixasd.php3)}. (2001-03-30)

ARC {Advanced RISC Computing Specification}

archie "tool, networking" A system to automatically gather, index and serve information on the {Internet}. The initial implementation of archie by {McGill University} School of Computer Science provided an indexed directory of filenames from all {anonymous FTP} archives on the Internet. Later versions provide other collections of information. See also {archive site}, {Gopher}, {Prospero}, {Wide Area Information Servers}. (1995-12-28)

Archimedes "computer" A family of {microcomputers} produced by {Acorn Computers}, Cambridge, UK. The Archimedes, launched in June 1987, was the first {RISC} based {personal computer} (predating {Apple Computer}'s {Power Mac} by some seven years). It uses the {Advanced RISC Machine} (ARM) processor and includes Acorn's {multitasking} {operating system} and {graphical user interface}, {RISC OS} on {ROM}, along with an interpreter for Acorn's enhanced {BASIC}, {BASIC V}. The Archimedes was designed as the successor to Acorn's sucessful {BBC Microcomputer} series and includes some backward compatibility and a {6502} {emulator}. Several utilities are included free on disk (later in ROM) such as a {text editor}, paint and draw programs. Software emulators are also available for the {IBM PC} as well as add-on {Intel} processor cards. There have been several series of Archimedes: A300, A400, A3000, A5000, A4000 and {RISC PC}. {Usenet FAQ (ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/acorn/)}. {Archive site list (http://cs.vu.nl/~gerben/acorn/acorn-archives.txt)}. {HENSA archive (ftp://micros.hensa.ac.uk/)}. {Stuttgart archive (ftp://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/systems/acorn)}. See also {Crisis Software}, {Warm Silence Software}. (1998-04-03)

argument "programming" (Or "arg") A value or reference passed to a {function}, {procedure}, {subroutine}, command or program, by the caller. For example, in the function definition square(x) = x * x x is the {formal argument} or "parameter", and in the call y = square(3+4) 3+4 is the {actual argument}. This will execute the function square with x having the value 7 and return the result 49. There are many different conventions for passing arguments to functions and procedures including {call-by-value}, {call-by-name}, {call-by-reference}, {call-by-need}. These affect whether the value of the argument is computed by the caller or the callee (the function) and whether the callee can modify the value of the argument as seen by the caller (if it is a variable). Arguments to functions are usually, following mathematical notation, written in parentheses after the function name, separated by commas (but see {curried function}). Arguments to a program are usually given after the command name, separated by spaces, e.g.: cat myfile yourfile hisfile Here "cat" is the command and "myfile", "yourfile", and "hisfile" are the arguments. (2006-05-27)

ARI Service "company" The trading name of the remnants of {AST Research, Inc.}. ARI Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of {Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.}, of Seoul, Korea. They no longer manufacture or distribute computer hardware, but they continue to provide worldwide technical and service support to owners of systems that they manufactured. {AST Computers, LLC} is a separate company. Headquarters: 16225 Alton Parkway, POB 57005, Irvine, California 92619-7005, USA. {(http://ari-service.com/)}. (2000-03-28)

arithmetic ::: n. --> The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.
A book containing the principles of this science.

ARM7 "processor" A {RISC} {microprocessor} architecture from {Advanced RISC Machines} Ltd. (ARM). Building upon the {ARM6} family, the goal of the ARM7 design was to offer higher levels of raw compute performance at even lower levels of power consumption. The ARM7 architecture is now (Dec 1994) the most powerful low voltage {RISC} processor available on the market. The ARM7 offers several architectural extensions which address specific market needs, encompassing fast multiply and innovative embedded {ICE} support. Software development tools are available. The ARM7 architecture is made up of a core CPU plus a range of system peripherals which can be added to a CPU core to give a complete system on a chip, e.g. 4K or 8K {cache}, {Memory Management Unit}, {Write Buffer}, {coprocessor} interface, {ICEbreaker} embedded {ICE} support and {JTAG} {boundary scan}. The {ARM710} {microprocessor} is built around the ARM7 core. {(http://systemv.com/armltd/arm7.html)}. (1995-01-05)

Array Processor Assembly Language "language" (APAL) The {assembly language} for the {DAP} parallel computer. (1994-11-28)

array processor "processor" (Or "vector processor") A {computer}, or extension to its {arithmetic unit}, that is capable of performing simultaneous computations on elements of an {array} or table of data in some number of dimensions. The {IBM AltiVec} (the "Velocity Engine" used in the {Apple G4} computers) is a vector processor. Common uses for array processors include analysis of fluid dynamics and rotation of {3d} objects, as well as data retrieval, in which elements of a {database} are scanned simultaneously. Array processors are very rare now (1998). {Array presentation (http://cs.njit.edu/leon/105/c5/index.htm)}. (2003-09-11)

artificial intelligence "artificial intelligence" (AI) The subfield of computer science concerned with the concepts and methods of {symbolic inference} by computer and symbolic {knowledge representation} for use in making inferences. AI can be seen as an attempt to model aspects of human thought on computers. It is also sometimes defined as trying to solve by computer any problem that a human can solve faster. The term was coined by Stanford Professor {John McCarthy}, a leading AI researcher. Examples of AI problems are {computer vision} (building a system that can understand images as well as a human) and {natural language processing} (building a system that can understand and speak a human language as well as a human). These may appear to be modular, but all attempts so far (1993) to solve them have foundered on the amount of context information and "intelligence" they seem to require. The term is often used as a selling point, e.g. to describe programming that drives the behaviour of computer characters in a game. This is often no more intelligent than "Kill any humans you see; keep walking; avoid solid objects; duck if a human with a gun can see you". See also {AI-complete}, {neats vs. scruffies}, {neural network}, {genetic programming}, {fuzzy computing}, {artificial life}. {ACM SIGART (http://sigart.acm.org/)}. {U Cal Davis (http://phobos.cs.ucdavis.edu:8001)}. {CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository (http://cs.cmu.edu/Web/Groups/AI/html/repository.html)}. (2002-01-19)

Artificial Life "algorithm, application" (a-life) The study of synthetic systems which behave like natural living systems in some way. Artificial Life complements the traditional biological sciences concerned with the analysis of living organisms by attempting to create lifelike behaviours within computers and other artificial media. Artificial Life can contribute to theoretical biology by modelling forms of life other than those which exist in nature. It has applications in environmental and financial modelling and network communications. There are some interesting implementations of artificial life using strangely shaped blocks. A video, probably by the company Artificial Creatures who build insect-like robots in Cambridge, MA (USA), has several mechanical implementations of artificial life forms. See also {evolutionary computing}, {Life}. [Christopher G. Langton (Ed.), "Artificial Life", Proceedings Volume VI, Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity. Addison-Wesley, 1989]. {Yahoo! (http://yahoo.com/Science/Artificial_Life/)}. {Santa Fe Institute (http://alife.santafe.edu/)}. {The Avida Group (http://krl.caltech.edu/avida/Avida.html)}. (1995-02-21)

artificial neural network "artificial intelligence" (ANN, commonly just "neural network" or "neural net") A network of many very simple processors ("units" or "neurons"), each possibly having a (small amount of) local memory. The units are connected by unidirectional communication channels ("connections"), which carry numeric (as opposed to symbolic) data. The units operate only on their local data and on the inputs they receive via the connections. A neural network is a processing device, either an {algorithm}, or actual hardware, whose design was inspired by the design and functioning of animal brains and components thereof. Most neural networks have some sort of "training" rule whereby the weights of connections are adjusted on the basis of presented patterns. In other words, neural networks "learn" from examples, just like children learn to recognise dogs from examples of dogs, and exhibit some structural capability for generalisation. Neurons are often elementary non-linear signal processors (in the limit they are simple threshold discriminators). Another feature of NNs which distinguishes them from other computing devices is a high degree of interconnection which allows a high degree of parallelism. Further, there is no idle memory containing data and programs, but rather each neuron is pre-programmed and continuously active. The term "neural net" should logically, but in common usage never does, also include biological neural networks, whose elementary structures are far more complicated than the mathematical models used for ANNs. See {Aspirin}, {Hopfield network}, {McCulloch-Pitts neuron}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.ai.neural-nets}. (1997-10-13)

AS/400 "computer" An {IBM} {minicomputer} for small business and departmental users, released in 1988 and still in production in October 1998. Features include a menu-driven interface, {multi-user} support, terminals that are (in the grand {IBM} tradition) incompatible with anything else including the {IBM 3270} series, and an extensive library-based {operating system}. The machine survives because its {API} layer allows the {operating system} and {application programs} to take advantage of advances in hardware without recompilation and which means that a complete system that costs $9000 runs the exact same operating system and software as a $2 million system. There is a 64-bit {RISC} processor operating system implementation. Programming languages include {RPG}, {assembly language}, {C}, {COBOL}, {SQL}, {BASIC}, and {REXX}. Several {CASE} tools are available: {Synon}, {AS/SET}, {Lansa}. {(http://as400.ibm.com/)}. (1999-07-26)

A Simulation Process-Oriented Language "language, simulation" (ASPOL) An {ALGOL}-like language for computer {simulation}. ["Process and Event Control in ASPOL", M.H. MacDougall, Proc Symp on Simulation of Computer Systems, NBS (Aug 1975)]. (1996-03-25)

A

ASPLE "language" A {toy language}. ["A Sampler of Formal Definitions", M. Marcotty et al, Computing Surveys 8(2):191-276 (Feb 1976)]. (1995-02-08)

Association for Computational Linguistics "body" (ACL) The international scientific and professional society for people working on problems involving {natural language} and computation. Membership includes the ACL quarterly journal, "Computational Linguistics", reduced registration at most ACL-sponsored conferences, discounts on ACL-sponsored publications, and participation in ACL Special Interest Groups. The ACL started in 1968; there are more than 2000 members worldwide. E-mail: "acl@aclweb.org". {(http://cs.columbia.edu/~acl/)}. (1999-08-31)

Association for Computing "body" (ACM, before 1997 - "Association for Computing Machinery") The largest and oldest international scientific and educational computer society in the industry. Founded in 1947, only a year after the unveiling of {ENIAC}, ACM was established by mathematicians and electrical engineers to advance the science and application of {Information Technology}. {John Mauchly}, co-inventor of the ENIAC, was one of ACM's founders. Since its inception ACM has provided its members and the world of computer science a forum for the sharing of knowledge on developments and achievements necessary to the fruitful interchange of ideas. ACM has 90,000 members - educators, researchers, practitioners, managers, and engineers - who drive the Association's major programs and services - publications, special interest groups, chapters, conferences, awards, and special activities. The ACM Press publishes journals (notably {CACM}), book series, conference proceedings, {CD-ROM}, {hypertext}, {video}, and specialized publications such as curricula recommendations and self-assessment procedures. {(http://info.acm.org/)}. (1998-02-24)

Association for Computing Machinery {Association for Computing}

Association for Progressive Communications "body, philosophy" (APC) A world-wide organisation of like-minded computer networks providing a global communications network dedicated to the free and balanced flow of information. The APC defends and promotes non-commercial, productive online space for NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations) and collaborates with like-minded organisations to ensure that the information and communication needs of civil society are considered in telecommunications, donor and investment policy. A few of APC's partner organisations include The {Institute for Global Communications} (USA), GreenNet (UK), Nicarao (Nicaragua) Enda-Tiers Monde (Senegal) and GlasNet (Ukraine). These organisations serve people working toward goals that include the prevention of warfare, elimination of militarism and poverty, protection of the environment, human rights, social and economic justice, participatory democracy, non-violent conflict resolution, and the promotion of sustainable development. {(http://apc.org/english/)}. E-mail: "apcadmin@apc.org". (2000-10-08)

Association of C and C++ Users "body" (ACCU) A community of people with an interest in the {C} family of programming languages: {K&R C}, {ANSI C}, and {C++}. The community includes professional programmers, the suppliers of {compilers}, and those who are just interested in the languages. ACCU members are using C and C++ on a wide range of platforms - {Unix}, {MS-DOS}, {OS/2}, {CP/M} - home computers, {IBM PCs}, {workstations}, and {super-computers}. Although the organisation is based in the UK, the membership is worldwide. There are members in the US, mainland Europe, Russia, the Middle East, and Australia. E-mail: "info@accu.org", "membership@accu.org", "academic@accu.org" (Academic Liaison Officer). Address: The Membership Secretary, 64 Southfield Road, Oxford OX4 1PA, United Kingdom. (1996-12-02)

AST "company" 1. {ARI Service}. 2. {AST Computers, LLC}. (2000-03-21)

AST Computers, LLC "company" The private company formed in January 1999 when Mr. Beny Alagem, the former chairman of {Packard Bell NEC, Inc.}, bought the name and intellectual property of {AST Research, Inc.}. AST Computers, LLC provide {hardware, software}, and services for small US businesses. {Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.}, of Seoul, Korea, owns a minority stake. {(http://ast.com/)}. Address: Los Angeles, CA, USA. (2000-03-28)

AST Research, Inc. "company" A company, formed some time before 1980, that was a leading {personal computer} manufacturer. AST developed {desktop computers}, {mobile computers}, and {servers} that were sold in more than 100 countries worldwide. In January 1999 the name and intellectual property were acquired by a new company named {AST Computers, LLC}. As of 2000-03-02 it was trading as {ARI Service}. (2000-03-21)

Atanasoff-Berry Computer "computer" (ABC) An early design for a binary calculator, one of the predecessors of the {digital computer}. The ABC was partially constructed between 1937 and 1942 by Dr. {John Vincent Atanasoff} and Clifford Berry at {Iowa State College}. As well as {binary} arithmetic, it incorporated {regenerative memory}, {parallel processing}, and separation of memory and computing functions. The electronic parts were mounted on a rotating drum, making it hybrid electronic/electromechanical. It was designed to handle only a single type of mathematical problem and was not automated. The results of a single calculation cycle had to be retrieved by a human operator, and fed back into the machine with all new instructions, to perform complex operations. It lacked any serious form of logical control or {conditional} statements. Atanasoff's patent application was denied because he never have a completed, working product. Ideas from the ABC were used in the design of {ENIAC} (1943-1946). {(http://cs.iastate.edu/jva/jva-archive.shtml)}. (2003-09-28)

Atari "company, computer" A maker of arcade games, home video game systems, and home computers, especially during the 1970s and 1980s. Atari are best known for their range of 16- and 32-bit {microcomputers}, notable for having a built-in {MIDI} interface. As of February 1994 the range included the Atari 520ST, 1040ST, Mega ST, STe, STacy, Mega STe, TT, and Falcon. There are also emulators that run on the Apple {Macintosh} and {IBM PC}/XT/AT. Atari ceased to be a separate company in 1996 when merged with {JTS}. In 1998, JTS sold the Atari assets to Hasbro. In 2001, {Infogrames} North America operations officially changed their name to Atari. {(http://atarigames.com/)}. {Usenet newsgroups}: {news:comp.binaries.atari.st}, {news:comp.sys.atari.st.tech}, {news:comp.sources.atari.st}, {news:comp.sys.atari.st}, {news:comp.sys.atari.advocacy}, {news:comp.sys.atari.programmer}. {Michigan U (ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu)}, {UK (ftp://micros.hensa.ac.uk/)}, {Germany (ftp://ftp.Germany.EU.net)} [192.76.144.75], {Netherlands (ftp://ftp.cs.ruu.nl/)} [131.211.80.17], {UK (ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/computing/systems/atari/umich)}. (2008-07-23)

Atari ST "computer" A {personal computer} released by {Atari} in 1985. The "ST" stands for "Sixteen/Thirty-two", from the {Motorola 68000}'s 16-bit {external bus} and 32-bit processor. The original 520ST model had an external {floppy drive} and power supply whereas the 1040ST had them built-in. The 520 and later 520STFM came with 512 KB of {RAM}, the 1040 had 1 MB. Several upgraded models followed, up to the 1993 {Motorola 68030} based {Falcon}. The ST was the first home computer with built-in {MIDI ports} and plenty of MIDI software. A wide range of other software from office to games was also available. (2006-10-30)

Atlas Autocode "language" The {Autocode} for the {Ferranti} {Atlas}, which may have been the first commercial computer with {hardware-paged} {virtual memory}. Whereas other {autocodes} were basically {assembly languages}, Atlas Autocode was high-level and {block-structured}, resembling a cross between {Fortran} and {ALGOL 60}. It had {call-by value}, {loops (loop)}, {declarations}, {complex numbers}, {pointers}, {heap} and {stack} storage generators, {dynamic arrays}, and extensible {syntax}. (2000-04-03)

aubergine "jargon" A secret term used to refer to computers in the presence of computerphobic third parties. (1995-01-24)

audio "file format" Sound, one component of {multimedia}. Computers (and audio compact discs and digital audio tape) work with {digital audio}, in contrast to vinyl disks or analogue tape. (1999-07-30)

audiographic teleconferencing "communications" (Or "electronic whiteboarding", "screen sharing") A form of {teleconferencing} in {real time} using both an {audio} and a data connection. The computer screen is shared by more than one site, and used as an electronic blackboard, overhead projector or still video projector. Some systems allow for sharing software also. (1995-10-06)

Audio IFF "file format, music" (AIFF) A format developed by {Apple Computer} Inc. for storing high-quality {digital audio} and musical instrument information. It is also used by {SGI} and several professional audio packages. (1994-10-10)

AUTOCODER "language" Possibly the first primitive {compiler}. AUTOCODER was written by Alick E. Glennie in 1952. It translated symbolic statements into {machine language} for the {Manchester Mark I} computer. Autocoding later came to be a generic term for {assembly language} programming. (1994-11-07)

AUTOGRAF "tool" A system for describing {bar charts}. ["User's Manual for AUTOGRAF", Cambridge Computer Assoc, Dec 1972]. (2001-05-14)

Automated Engineering Design "language" (AED) (Or "ALGOL Extended for Design") A systems language for the {IBM 7090} and {IBM 360} developed at {MIT} System Laboratory ca. 1965 by a team led by Douglas T. Ross (now at {Softech}). AED is an extension of {ALGOL 60} with {records} ("plexes"), pointers, and {dynamic allocation}. {DYNAMO II} was written in AED, as was the first {BCPL} {compiler}. Versions: AED-0, AED-1, AED-JR. ["The Automated Engineering Design (AED) Approach to Generalized Computer-Aided Design", D.T. Ross, Proc ACM 22nd Natl Conf, 1967]. [Sammet 1969 and 1978]. (1995-03-26)

AUTOmated GRouPing system "tool, mathematics" (AUTOGRP) An interactive statistical analysis system, an extension of {CML}. ["AUTOGRP: An Interactive Computer System for the Analysis of Health Care Data", R.E. Mills et al, Medical Care 14(7), Jul 1976]. (1994-11-07)

Automatic Mathematical TRANslation "mathematics, tool" (AMTRAN) A system developed by NASA in Huntsville in 1966 for the {IBM 1620}, based on the {Culler-Fried} System. It required a special terminal. ["AMTRAN: An Interactive Computing System", J. Reinfelds, Proc FJCC 37:537- 542, AFIPS (Fall 1970)]. (1995-11-14)

Automatic Number Identification "communications" (ANI) A service that tells the recipient of a telephone call the telephone number of the person making the call. This number can be passed to computer equipment to automatically retrieve associated information about the caller, i.e. account status, billing records, etc. See {CTI}. (1996-12-08)

Automatic Send Receive "hardware" (ASR) Part of a designation for a hard-copy {terminal}, manufactured by {Teletype Corporation}, which could be commanded remotely to send the contents of its {paper tape} reader. The ASR-33 was the most common {minicomputer} terminal in the early 1970s. (1995-11-23)

automation "systems, robotics" Control of processes, equipment or systems by computer (or simpler electronics), typically replacing human control. Often used for control of a manufacturing process where the term may or may not imply the use of some kind of general purpose robot. See also {design automation}, {office automation}, {manularity}, {Manufacturing Automation Protocol}, {PEARL}, {QBE}. (1994-10-21)

automaton "robotics, mathematics, algorithm" (Plural automata) A machine, {robot}, or {formal system} designed to follow a precise sequence of instructions. Automata theory, the invention and study of automata, includes the study of the capabilities and limitations of computing processes, the manner in which systems receive input, process it, and produce output, and the relationships between behavioural theories and the operation and use of automated devices. See also {cellular automaton}, {finite state machine}. (1996-04-23)

Autopass "programming" ["Autopass: An Automatic Programming System for Computer-Controlled Mechanical Assembly", L.I. Lieberman et al, IBM J Res Dev 21(4):321-333, 1979]. (2001-09-16)

Autostat "language" A language for statistical programming. ["Autostat: A Language for Statistical Programming", A.S. Douglas et al, Computer J 3:61, 1960]. (2001-09-25)

A/UX "operating system" (Apple's UniX) {Apple}'s first version of {Unix} for {Macintosh} computers. A/UX merges the {Macintosh Finder} ({GUI}) with a Unix core, offering functions from both systems. It will run on some late-model {Motorola 68000} Macs, but not on the {Power Mac}. A/UX is based on {AT&T} Unix {System V}.2.2 with numerous extensions from V.3, V.4 and {BSD} 4.2/4.3. It also provides full {POSIX} compliance. A/UX 3.x.x incorporates {System 7} for the Macintosh, thus supporting the vast majority of Macintosh {applications}. System 7 and Unix are fully integrated under A/UX 3.x.x with the Unix file system being seen as a disk drive by the Finder. {jagubox's A/UX Home Page (http://jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov/aux/Info/FAQ.auxl)}. (1997-12-13)

Avalon/Common LISP "language" A {LISP} dialect available as a prototype only. ["Reliable Distributed Computing with Avalon/Common LISP", S.M. Clamen et al, CMU-CS-89-186 and Proc Intl Conf on Computer Languages, Mar 1990]. (2002-02-03)

avatar 1. "chat, virtual reality" An {image} representing a user in a multi-user {virtual reality} (or VR-like, in the case of {Palace}) space. 2. (CMU, Tektronix) {root}, {superuser}. There are quite a few {Unix} computers on which the name of the superuser account is "avatar" rather than "root". This quirk was originated by a {CMU} hacker who disliked the term "superuser", and was propagated through an ex-CMU hacker at {Tektronix}. [{Jargon File}] (1997-09-14)

Avon "language" A {dataflow} language. ["AVON: A Dataflow Language", A. Deb, ICS 87, Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, v.3, pp.9-19, ISI 1987]. (1994-11-28)

Axiomatic Architecture Description Language "language, architecture, parallel" (AADL) A language allowing concise modular specification of {multiprocessor} architectures from the compiler/operating-system interface level down to chip level. AADL is rich enough to specify target architectures while providing a concise model for clocked {microarchitectures}. ["AADL: A Net-Based Specification Method for Computer Architecture Design", W. Damm et al in Languages for Parallel Architectures, J.W. deBakker ed, Wiley, 1989]. (2003-06-30)

axiomatic semantics "theory" A set of assertions about properties of a system and how they are effected by program execution. The axiomatic semantics of a program could include pre- and post-conditions for operations. In particular if you view the program as a state transformer (or collection of state transformers), the axiomatic semantics is a set of invariants on the state which the state transformer satisfies. E.g. for a function with the type: sort_list :: [T] -" [T] we might give the precondition that the argument of the function is a list, and a postcondition that the return value is a list that is sorted. One interesting use of axiomatic semantics is to have a language that has a {finitely computable} sublanguage that is used for specifying pre and post conditions, and then have the compiler prove that the program will satisfy those conditions. See also {operational semantics}, {denotational semantics}. (1995-11-09)

AXIOM "language" A commercially available subset of the {Scratchpad}, {symbolic mathematics} system from {IBM}. ["Axiom - The Scientific Computing System", R. Jenks et al, Springer 1992]. [Relationship with {AXIOM*}?] (1995-02-21)

Babbage "language" The structured {assembly language} for the {General Electric Company} 4xxx range of computers and their {OS4000} {operating system}. It is strictly an assembler in that the generated code is relatively predictable but it can be written in a sufficiently structured manner, with indentation, control statements, function and procedure calls, to make the resultant source easy to read and manage. Even with this visible structure however, it is important to remember that the assembly of the statement is done left to right. The British {videotext} system, {Prestel} is programmed in Babbage. [Datamation, 1980s]. (2007-10-24)

BABEL "language" 1. A subset of {ALGOL 60} with many {ALGOL W} extensions. ["BABEL, A New Programming Language", R.S. Scowen, {National Physics Laboratory}, UK, Report CCU7, 1969]. ["Babel, an application of extensible compilers", R. S. Scowen, National Physical Laboratory, Proceedings of the international symposium on Extensible languages, Grenoble, France 1971-09-06, https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=807971]. 2. A language mentioned in "The Psychology of Computer Programming", G.M. Weinberg, Van Nostrand 1971, p.241. 3. A language based on {higher-order functions} and {first-order logic}. ["Graph-Based Implementation of a Functional Logic Language", H. Kuchen et al, Proc ESOP 90, LNCS 432, Springer 1990, pp. 271-290]. ["Logic Programming with Functions and Predicates: The Language BABEL", Moreno-Navarro et al, J Logic Prog 12(3), Feb 1992]. (1994-11-28)

backing store 1. "storage" Computer memory, usually {magnetic disks}, storing data and programs. Sections of this information can then be copied into the main memory ({RAM}) for processing. Backing store is cheaper but RAM is faster. Such a hierarchy of memory devices allows a trade-off between performance and cost. 2. "text" Character storage in memory or on disk, as opposed to displayed or printed characters. This distinction is important where the visual ordering of characters differs from the order in which they are stored, e.g. bidirectional or non-spacing layout. In a {Unicode} encoding, text is stored in sequential order in the backing store. Logical or backing store order corresponds to the order in which text is typed on the keyboard (after corrections such as insertions, deletions, and overtyping). A text rendering process converts Unicode text in the backing store to readable text. ["The Unicode Standard: Worldwide Character Encoding", Version 1.0, Vol. 1. Addison-Wesley, 1991]. (2001-02-25)

back-propagation (Or "backpropagation") A learning {algorithm} for modifying a {feed-forward} {neural network} which minimises a continuous "{error function}" or "{objective function}." Back-propagation is a "{gradient descent}" method of training in that it uses gradient information to modify the network weights to decrease the value of the error function on subsequent tests of the inputs. Other gradient-based methods from {numerical analysis} can be used to train networks more efficiently. Back-propagation makes use of a mathematical trick when the network is simulated on a digital computer, yielding in just two traversals of the network (once forward, and once back) both the difference between the desired and actual output, and the derivatives of this difference with respect to the connection weights.

backside cache "hardware, processor" An implementation of {secondary cache} memory that allows it to be directly accessed by the {CPU}. Backside cache is used by {Apple Computers, Inc.} in their {PowerPC G3} processor. Previous PowerPC processors used the {system bus} to access both secondary cache and {main memory}. In the PowerPC G3 a dedicated bus handles only {CPU}/cache transactions. This bus can operate faster than the system bus thus improving the overall performance of the processor. The term apparently derives from the relocation of the secondary cache from the {motherboard} to the processor card itself, i.e. on the backside of the processor card. (1998-09-10)

Backup Domain Controller "networking" (BDC) A server in a {network} of {Microsoft Windows} computers that maintains a copy of the {SAM} database and handles access requests that the {Primary Domain Controller} (PDC) doesn't respond to. There may be zero or more BDCs in a network. They increase reliability and reduce load on the PDC. (2006-09-18)

backup "operating system" ("back up" when used as a verb) A spare copy of a file, file system, or other resource for use in the event of failure or loss of the original. The term commonly refers to a copy of the files on a computer's {disks}, made periodically and kept on {magnetic tape} or other removable medium (also called a "{dump}"). This essential precaution is neglected by most new computer users until the first time they experience a {disk crash} or accidentally delete the only copy of the file they have been working on for the last six months. Ideally the backup copies should be kept at a different site or in a fire safe since, though your hardware may be insured against fire, the data on it is almost certainly neither insured nor easily replaced. See also {backup software}, {differential backup}, {incremental backup}, {full backup}. Compare {archive}, {source code management}. (2004-03-16)

balanced computing "jargon" Matching computer tools to job activities so that the computer system structure parallels the organisation structure and work functions. Both {personal computers} and employees operate in a decentralised environment with monitoring of achievement of management objectives from centralised corporate systems. {(http://moultonco.com/balanced.htm)}. (1996-04-15)

bang path 1. "communications" An old-style {UUCP} {electronic-mail address} naming a sequence of hosts through which a message must pass to get from some assumed-reachable location to the addressee (a "{source route}"). So called because each {hop} is signified by a {bang} sign (exclamation mark). Thus, for example, the path ...!bigsite!foovax!barbox!me directs people to route their mail to computer bigsite (presumably a well-known location accessible to everybody) and from there through the computer foovax to the account of user me on barbox. Before {autorouting mailers} became commonplace, people often published compound bang addresses using the { } convention (see {glob}) to give paths from *several* big computers, in the hope that one's correspondent might be able to get mail to one of them reliably. e.g. ...!{seismo, ut-sally, ihnp4}!rice!beta!gamma!me Bang paths of 8 to 10 hops were not uncommon in 1981. Late-night dial-up UUCP links would cause week-long transmission times. Bang paths were often selected by both transmission time and reliability, as messages would often get lost. 2. "operating system" A {shebang}. (1998-05-06)

Banyan "company" A {personal computer} networking company, best known for its "{Vines}" products for {local area networks}. Address: Westborough MA, USA. [More info?] (1995-03-01)

Barbara Liskov "person" Professor Barbara Liskov was the first US woman to be awarded a PhD in computing, and her innovations can be found in every modern programming language. She currently (2009) heads the Programming Methodology Group at the {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}. Professor Liskov's design innovations have, over the decades, made software more reliable and easier to maintain. She has invented two computer progamming languages: {CLU}, an {object-oriented language}, and {Argus}, a {distributed programming language}. Liskov's research forms the basis of modern programming languages such as {Java}, {C

bare metal 1. New computer hardware, unadorned with such snares and delusions as an {operating system}, an {HLL}, or even {assembler}. Commonly used in the phrase "programming on the bare metal", which refers to the arduous work of {bit bashing} needed to create these basic tools for a new computer. Real bare-metal programming involves things like building {boot PROMs} and {BIOS} chips, implementing basic {monitors} used to test {device drivers}, and writing the assemblers that will be used to write the compiler back ends that will give the new computer a real development environment. 2. "Programming on the bare metal" is also used to describe a style of {hand-hacking} that relies on bit-level peculiarities of a particular hardware design, especially tricks for speed and space optimisation that rely on crocks such as overlapping instructions (or, as in the famous case described in {The Story of Mel}, interleaving of opcodes on a magnetic drum to minimise fetch delays due to the device's rotational latency). This sort of thing has become less common as the relative costs of programming time and computer resources have changed, but is still found in heavily constrained environments such as industrial embedded systems, and in the code of hackers who just can't let go of that low-level control. See {Real Programmer}. In the world of personal computing, bare metal programming is often considered a {Good Thing}, or at least a necessary evil (because these computers have often been sufficiently slow and poorly designed to make it necessary; see {ill-behaved}). There, the term usually refers to bypassing the BIOS or OS interface and writing the application to directly access device registers and computer addresses. "To get 19.2 kilobaud on the serial port, you need to get down to the bare metal." People who can do this sort of thing well are held in high regard. [{Jargon File}]

Baroque An early {logic programming} language written by Boyer and Moore in 1972. ["Computational Logic: Structure Sharing and Proof of program Properties", J. Moore, DCL Memo 67, U Edinburgh 1974]. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-22)

base memory "hardware, jargon" The lowest 640 {kilobytes} of memory in an {IBM PC}-compatible computer running {MS-DOS}. Other PC {operating systems} can usually compensate and "ignore" the fact that there is a 640K limit to base memory. This was put in place because the original {CPU} - the {Intel 8088} - could only access one {megabyte} of memory, and {IBM} wanted to reserve the upper 384KB for {device drivers}. The {high memory area} (HMA) lies above 640KB and can be accessed on MS-DOS computers that have an {A20 handler}. (1997-05-30)

Basic Input/Output System "operating system" (BIOS, ROM BIOS) The part of the {system software} of the {IBM PC} and compatibles that provides the lowest level interface to {peripheral} devices and controls the first stage of the {bootstrap} process, including installing the {operating system}. The BIOS is stored in {ROM}, or equivalent, in every PC. Its main task is to load and execute the operating system which is usually stored on the computer's {hard disk}, but may be loaded from {CD-ROM} or {floppy disk} at install time. In order to provide acceptable performance (e.g. for screen display), some software vendors access the routines in the BIOS directly, rather than using the higher level operating system calls. Thus, the BIOS in the compatible computer must be 100% compatible with the IBM BIOS. As if that wasn't bad enough, many {application programs} bypass even the BIOS and address the screen hardware directly just as the BIOS does. Consequently, {register} level compatibility is required in the compatible's display electronics, which means that it must provide the same storage locations and identification as the original IBM hardware. (1999-06-09)

BASIC "language" Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. A simple language originally designed for ease of programming by students and beginners. Many dialects exist, and BASIC is popular on {microcomputers} with sound and graphics support. Most micro versions are {interactive} and {interpreted}. BASIC has become the leading cause of brain-damage in proto-hackers. This is another case (like {Pascal}) of the cascading lossage that happens when a language deliberately designed as an educational toy gets taken too seriously. A novice can write short BASIC programs (on the order of 10-20 lines) very easily; writing anything longer is painful and encourages bad habits that will make it harder to use more powerful languages. This wouldn't be so bad if historical accidents hadn't made BASIC so common on low-end micros. As it is, it ruins thousands of potential wizards a year. Originally, all references to code, both {GOTO} and GOSUB (subroutine call) referred to the destination by its line number. This allowed for very simple editing in the days before {text editors} were considered essential. Just typing the line number deleted the line and to edit a line you just typed the new line with the same number. Programs were typically numbered in steps of ten to allow for insertions. Later versions, such as {BASIC V}, allow {GOTO}-less {structured programming} with named {procedures} and {functions}, IF-THEN-ELSE
IF constructs and {WHILE} loops etc. Early BASICs had no graphic operations except with graphic characters. In the 1970s BASIC {interpreters} became standard features in {mainframes} and {minicomputers}. Some versions included {matrix} operations as language {primitives}. A {public domain} {interpreter} for a mixture of {DEC}'s {MU-Basic} and {Microsoft Basic} is {here (ftp://oak.oakland.edu/pub/Unix-c/languages/basic/basic.tar-z)}. A {yacc} {parser} and {interpreter} were in the comp.sources.unix archives volume 2. See also {ANSI Minimal BASIC}, {bournebasic}, {bwBASIC}, {ubasic}, {Visual Basic}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-03-15)

BASIC V The version of the {Basic} programming language which comes on {ROM} in {Acorn}'s {RISC} computers: the {Archimedes} range and the {RiscPC}. It features REPEAT and WHILE loops, multi-line IF statements, procedures and functions, local variables, error handling, {system calls} and a built-in {assembler}. (1995-01-05)

Bastard Operator From Hell "humour" (BOFH) A rogue {network operator} character invented by Simon Travaglia "simontrav@hotmail.com", regularly featured in "Computing" and "DATAMATION" magazine. See also: {Dilbert}. {(http://angelfire.com/bc/simont/index.html)}. (1999-09-17)

batch processing "programming" A system that takes a sequence (a "batch") of commands or jobs, executes them and returns the results, all without human intervention. This contrasts with an {interactive} system where the user's commands and the computer's responses are interleaved during a single run. A batch system typically takes its commands from a disk file (or a set of {punched cards} or {magnetic tape} in the {mainframe} days) and returns the results to a file (or prints them). Often there is a queue of jobs which the system processes as resources become available. Since the advent of the {personal computer}, the term "batch" has come to mean automating frequently performed tasks that would otherwise be done interactively by storing those commands in a "{batch file}" or "{script}". Usually this file is read by some kind of {command interpreter} but batch processing is sometimes used with GUI-based applications that define script equivalents for menu selections and other mouse actions. Such a recorded sequence of GUI actions is sometimes called a "{macro}". This may only exist in memory and may not be saved to disk whereas a batch normally implies something stored on disk. Unix {cron} jobs and Windows scheduled tasks are batch processing started at a predefined time by the system whereas mainframe batch jobs were typically initiated by an operator loading them into a queue. (2009-09-14)

bay "hardware" (As in an aeroplane "cargo bay") A space in a cabinet into which a device of a certain size can be physically mounted and connected to power and data. Common examples are a "drive bay" into which a {disk drive} (usually either 3.5 inch or 5.25 inch) can be inserted or the space in a {docking station} where you insert a {notebook computer} or {laptop computer} to work as a {desktop computer} or to charge their batteries, print or connect to the office network, etc. (1999-01-11)

BBC Micro {BBC Microcomputer}

BBC Microcomputer A series of {6502}-based personal computers launched by {Acorn Computers} Ltd. in January 1982, for use in the British Broadcasting Corporation's educational programmes on computing. The computers are noted for their reliability (many are still in active service in 1994) and both hardware and software were designed for easy expansion. The 6502-based computers were succeeded in 1987 by the Acorn {Archimedes} family. {xbeeb} is a BBC Micro {emulator} for {Unix} and {X11}.

BBN Butterfly "computer" A {supercomputer} developed at {BBN Technologies}, named after the "butterfly" multi-stage switching network around which it was built. It could have up to 512 {CPUs} connected to allow every CPU access to every other CPU's memory, albeit with about 15 times the latency than for its own. The earlier GP-1000 models used up to 256 {Motorola 68020s}. The later TC-2000 models used up to 512 {Motorola 88100s}. Language developed for, or ported to, the BBN Butterfly were {Butterfly Common LISP}, {Butterfly Scheme}, {Delirium}, and {MultiScheme}. {(http://paralogos.com/DeadSuper/Misc/BBN.html)}. (2003-11-10)

BBN Technologies "company" A company, originally known as Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN), based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. BBN were awarded the original contract to build the {ARPANET} and have been extensively involved in {Internet} development. They are responsible for managing {NNSC}, {CSNET}, and {NEARnet}. The language {LOGO} was developed at BBN, as was the {BBN Butterfly} supercomputer. {BBN Home (http://bbn.com/)}. (2003-11-10)

computability theory "mathematics" The area of theoretical computer science concerning what problems can be solved by any computer. A function is computable if an {algorithm} can be implemented which will give the correct output for any valid input. Since computer programs are {countable} but {real numbers} are not, it follows that there must exist real numbers that cannot be calculated by any program. Unfortunately, by definition, there isn't an easy way of describing any of them! In fact, there are many tasks (not just calculating real numbers) that computers cannot perform. The most well-known is the {halting problem}, the {busy beaver} problem is less famous but just as fascinating. ["Computability", N.J. Cutland. (A well written undergraduate-level introduction to the subject)]. ["The Turing Omnibus", A.K. Dewdeney]. (1995-01-13)

computable ::: a. --> Capable of being computed, numbered, or reckoned.

computable {computability theory}

computational complexity "algorithm" The number of steps or arithmetic operations required to solve a computational problem. One of the three kinds of {complexity}. (1996-04-24)

computational geometry "mathematics" The study of {algorithms} for combinatorial, topological, and metric problems concerning sets of points, typically in {Euclidean space}. Representative areas of research include geometric search, convexity, proximity, intersection, and {linear programming}. (1997-08-03)

computational learning {grammatical inference}

computational molecular biology "application" The area of {bioinformatics} concerning the use of computers to characterise the molecular components of living things. (2005-01-07)

computation ::: n. --> The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.
The result of computation; the amount computed.

computed ::: determined by mathematics, especially by numerical methods.

computed ::: imp. & p. p. --> of Compute

computer "computer" A machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols. Computers can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can store and retrieve large amounts of data. Most computers in use today are electronic {digital computers} (as opposed to {analogue computers}). The physical components from which a computer is constructed are known as {hardware}, which can be of four types: {CPU}, {memory}, {input devices} and {output devices}. The CPU ({central processing unit}) executes {software} {programs} which tell the computer what to do. Input and output (I/O) devices allow the computer to communicate with the user and the outside world. There are many kinds of memory or storage - fast, expensive, short term memory (e.g. {RAM}) to hold intermediate results, and slower, cheaper, long-term memory (e.g. {magnetic disk} and {magnetic tape}) to hold programs and data that are not being used immediately. Computers today are often connected to a {network} (which may be part of the {Internet}). This allows them to be accessed from elsewhere and to exchange data with other computers. (2018-06-25)

computer bus {bus}

computer confetti "jargon" (Or "{chad}") A common term for {punched-card} {chad}, which, however, does not make good confetti, as the pieces are stiff and have sharp corners that could injure the eyes. {GLS} reports that he once attended a wedding at {MIT} during which he and a few other guests enthusiastically threw chad instead of rice. The groom later grumbled that he and his bride had spent most of the evening trying to get the stuff out of their hair. [{Jargon File}] (2001-06-22)

computer cookie {HTTP cookie}

computer crime "legal" Breaking the criminal law by use of a computer. See also {computer ethics}, {software law}. (1997-07-09)

computer dictionary {Free On-line Dictionary of Computing}

computer ethics "philosophy" Ethics is the field of study that is concerned with questions of value, that is, judgments about what human behaviour is "good" or "bad". Ethical judgments are no different in the area of computing from those in any other area. Computers raise problems of privacy, ownership, theft, and power, to name but a few. Computer ethics can be grounded in one of four basic world-views: Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, or Existentialism. Idealists believe that reality is basically ideas and that ethics therefore involves conforming to ideals. Realists believe that reality is basically nature and that ethics therefore involves acting according to what is natural. Pragmatists believe that reality is not fixed but is in process and that ethics therefore is practical (that is, concerned with what will produce socially-desired results). Existentialists believe reality is self-defined and that ethics therefore is individual (that is, concerned only with one's own conscience). Idealism and Realism can be considered ABSOLUTIST worldviews because they are based on something fixed (that is, ideas or nature, respectively). Pragmatism and Existentialism can be considered RELATIVIST worldviews because they are based or something relational (that is, society or the individual, respectively). Thus ethical judgments will vary, depending on the judge's world-view. Some examples: First consider theft. Suppose a university's computer is used for sending an e-mail message to a friend or for conducting a full-blown private business (billing, payroll, inventory, etc.). The absolutist would say that both activities are unethical (while recognising a difference in the amount of wrong being done). A relativist might say that the latter activities were wrong because they tied up too much memory and slowed down the machine, but the e-mail message wasn't wrong because it had no significant effect on operations. Next consider privacy. An instructor uses her account to acquire the cumulative grade point average of a student who is in a class which she instructs. She obtained the password for this restricted information from someone in the Records Office who erroneously thought that she was the student's advisor. The absolutist would probably say that the instructor acted wrongly, since the only person who is entitled to this information is the student and his or her advisor. The relativist would probably ask why the instructor wanted the information. If she replied that she wanted it to be sure that her grading of the student was consistent with the student's overall academic performance record, the relativist might agree that such use was acceptable. Finally, consider power. At a particular university, if a professor wants a computer account, all she or he need do is request one but a student must obtain faculty sponsorship in order to receive an account. An absolutist (because of a proclivity for hierarchical thinking) might not have a problem with this divergence in procedure. A relativist, on the other hand, might question what makes the two situations essentially different (e.g. are faculty assumed to have more need for computers than students? Are students more likely to cause problems than faculty? Is this a hold-over from the days of "in loco parentis"?). {"Philosophical Bases of Computer Ethics", Professor Robert N. Barger (http://nd.edu/~rbarger/metaethics.html)}. {Usenet} newsgroups: {news:bit.listserv.ethics-l}, {news:alt.soc.ethics}. (1995-10-25)

computer ::: n. --> One who computes.

compute ::: v. t. --> To determine calculation; to reckon; to count. ::: n. --> Computation.

computing ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Compute

computist ::: n. --> A computer.

BCS 1. {British Computer Society}. 2. {Binary Compatibility Standard}.

bear paw "jargon" The {Vulcan nerve pinch} for {SGI} computers. The five key keyboard combination "left Ctrl""left Alt""left Shift""{numeric keypad} /""F12" resets the graphics subsystem, including the {window manager}. (1996-10-28)

BeBox "computer" A {microcomputer} produced by {Be Inc}, containing between two and eight {PowerPCs} (the initial model has two {PPC} 603s). The BeBox can take standard {IBM PC} {peripherals}, such as {ISA} and {PCI} cards, {IDE} and {SCSI} disks, and a standard {PS/2} keyboard. Newsgroup: {news:comp.sys.be}. {(http://be.com/)}. [Dates?] (1996-10-05)

bell "character" {ASCII} 7, ASCII {mnemonic} "BEL", the {character code} which prodces a standard audibile warning from the computer or {terminal}. In the {teletype} days it really was a bell, since the advent of the {VDU} it is more likely to be a sound sample (e.g. the sound of a bell) played through a loudspeaker. Also called "G-bell", because it is typed as Control-G. The term "beep" is preferred among some {microcomputer} hobbyists. Compare {feep}, {visible bell}. (1997-04-08)

benchmark "benchmark" A standard program or set of programs which can be run on different computers to give an inaccurate measure of their performance. "In the computer industry, there are three kinds of lies: lies, damn lies, and benchmarks." A benchmark may attempt to indicate the overall power of a system by including a "typical" mixture of programs or it may attempt to measure more specific aspects of performance, like graphics, I/O or computation (integer or {floating-point}). Others measure specific tasks like {rendering} polygons, reading and writing files or performing operations on matrices. The most useful kind of benchmark is one which is tailored to a user's own typical tasks. While no one benchmark can fully characterise overall system performance, the results of a variety of realistic benchmarks can give valuable insight into expected real performance. Benchmarks should be carefully interpreted, you should know exactly which benchmark was run (name, version); exactly what configuration was it run on (CPU, memory, compiler options, single user/multi-user, peripherals, network); how does the benchmark relate to your workload? Well-known benchmarks include {Whetstone}, {Dhrystone}, {Rhealstone} (see {h}), the {Gabriel benchmarks} for {Lisp}, the {SPECmark} suite, and {LINPACK}. See also {machoflops}, {MIPS}, {smoke and mirrors}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.benchmarks}. {Tennessee BenchWeb (http://netlib.org/benchweb/)}. [{Jargon File}] (2002-03-26)

Bend Over, Here It Comes Again "humour" (BOHICA) An utterance of frustration by computer support personnel who anticipate being told (usually via phone) to do something that can't be done, by a boss who doesn't know his ass from deep center field about what he's asking his minions to do. (1995-09-20)

BeOS "operating system" The {operating system} originally designed to run on the {BeBox} {microcomputer}. BeOS is good at both {multitasking} and {real-time} operation. It has a {bash} command shell, with ports of many {GNU} programs by Be, Inc. It has a {GUI} front end (not {X}). A {C++} {compiler} is supplied with the machine, and there are rumours of other languages being ported in the future. BeOs eventually became used on the {x86} and standard {PPC}. Be, Inc. went bankrupt in 1999, after releasing the last upgrade of BeOS (R5.0.3), and was sold to {Palm}. Several groups are currently (2003) attempting to create an R6 version of the OS. The most likely to succeed are {Yellowtab} and {OpenBeOS}, which is likely to be renamed. (2003-05-30)

Berard Object and Class Specifier "tool, object-oriented, modeling" (BOCS) An {object-oriented} {CASE} tool released by US company, {Berard Software Engineering} on 1993-07-05. BOCS helps users document and model a system and its underlying objects. It includes libraries to manage {requirements}, object and {class} specifications and graphical models. [Computerworld, 1993-07-05, p63]. (2015-06-17)

Berkeley EDIF200 translator-building toolkit Wendell C. Baker and Prof A. Richard Newton of the Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the {University of California, Berkeley}. Version 7.6. Restriction: no-profit without permission. {(ftp://ic.berkeley.edu/pub/edif)}. (1990-07-01)

Berkeley Software Design, Inc "company" (BSDI) A company that sells {BSD/OS}, a commercial version of {Berkeley Standard Distribution} {Unix}, networking, and Internet technologies originally developed by the {Computer Systems Research Group} (CSRG) at the {University of California at Berkeley}. Leading CSRG computer scientists founded BSDI in 1991. BSDI's BSD/OS represents over 20 years of development by the worldwide BSD technical community. BSD technology is known worldwide for its powerful, flexible and portable architecture and advanced development environments. BSDI designs, develops, markets, and supports the {BSD/OS} {operating system}, {Internet} server software for {IBM PCs}, and other products. BSDI planned to release an Internet gateway product for {Novell} {IPX} networks in 1995. {(http://bsdi.com/)}. E-mail: "bsdi-info@bsdi.com". Address: 5575 Tech Center Drive,

Berkeley Software Distribution "operating system" (BSD) A family of {Unix} versions developed by {Bill Joy} and others at the {University of California at Berkeley}, originally for the {DEC} {VAX} and {PDP-11} computers, and subsequently ported to almost all modern general-purpose computers. BSD Unix incorporates {paged} {virtual memory}, {TCP/IP} networking enhancements and many other features. BSD UNIX 4.0 was released on 1980-10-19. The BSD versions (4.1, 4.2, and 4.3) and the commercial versions derived from them ({SunOS}, {ULTRIX}, {Mt. Xinu}, {Dynix}) held the technical lead in the Unix world until {AT&T}'s successful standardisation efforts after about 1986, and are still widely popular. See also {Berzerkeley}, {USG Unix}. (2005-01-20)

Bezier curve "graphics" A type of curve defined by mathematical formulae, used in {computer graphics}. A curve with coordinates P(u), where u varies from 0 at one end of the curve to 1 at the other, is defined by a set of n+1 "control points" (X(i), Y(i), Z(i)) for i = 0 to n. P(u) = Sum i=0..n [(X(i), Y(i), Z(i)) * B(i, n, u)] B(i, n, u) = C(n, i) * u^i * (1-u)^(n-i) C(n, i) = n!/i!/(n-i)! A Bezier curve (or surface) is defined by its control points, which makes it invariant under any {affine mapping} (translation, rotation, parallel projection), and thus even under a change in the axis system. You need only to transform the control points and then compute the new curve. The control polygon defined by the points is itself affine invariant. Bezier curves also have the variation-diminishing property. This makes them easier to split compared to other types of curve such as {Hermite} or {B-spline}. Other important properties are multiple values, global and local control, versatility, and order of continuity. [What do these properties mean?] (1996-06-12)

Bezier "graphics" (After Frenchman Pierre Bézier from Regie Renault) A collection of formulae for describing curved lines ({Bezier curve}) and surfaces ({Bezier surface}), first used in 1972 to model automobile surfaces. Curves and surfaces are defined by a set of "control points" which can be moved interactively making Bezier curves and surfaces convenient for interactive graphic design. ["Principles of interactive computer graphics", William M. Newman, Graw-Hill]. (1995-04-04)

Bezier surface "graphics" A surface defined by mathematical formulae, used in {computer graphics}. A surface P(u, v), where u and v vary orthogonally from 0 to 1 from one edge of the surface to the other, is defined by a set of (n+1)*(m+1) "control points" (X(i, j), Y(i, j), Z(i, j)) for i = 0 to n, j = 0 to m. P(u, v) = Sum i=0..n {Sum j=0..m [ (X(i, j), Y(i, j), Z(i, j)) * B(i, n, u) * B(j, m, v)]} B(i, n, u) = C(n, i) * u^i * (1-u)^(n-i) C(n, i) = n!/i!/(n-i)! Bezier surfaces are an extension of the idea of {Bezier curves}, and share many of their properties. (1996-06-12)

Bidouilleurs Sans Argent "body" (BSA, French for "Moneyless Hackers") An association which aim is to help computer users who can't afford to buy commercial software. The main purpose of the association is the promotion of {free software}, and distribution of ex-commercial software. This is clearly an answer to the repressive attitude of the "other" {BSA}. Among BSA members are {Richard Stallman}, creator of the {GNU} project. {(http://bsa.lu/)}. (1998-10-27)

big-endian 1. "data, architecture" A computer {architecture} in which, within a given multi-{byte} numeric representation, the most significant byte has the lowest address (the word is stored "big-end-first"). Most processors, including the {IBM 370} family, the {PDP-10}, the {Motorola} {microprocessor} families, and most of the various {RISC} designs current in mid-1993, are big-endian. See {-endian}. 2. "networking, standard" A backward {electronic mail address}. The world now follows the {Internet} {hostname} {standard} (see {FQDN}) and writes e-mail addresses starting with the name of the computer and ending up with the {country code} (e.g. fred@doc.acme.ac.uk). In the United Kingdom the {Joint Networking Team} decided to do it the other way round (e.g. me@uk.ac.wigan.cs) before the {Internet} {domain} standard was established. Most {gateway sites} required {ad-hockery} in their {mailers} to handle this. By July 1994 this parochial idiosyncracy was on the way out and mailers started to reject big-endian addresses. By about 1996, people would look at you strangely if you suggested such a bizarre thing might ever have existed. [{Jargon File}] (1998-08-09)

big iron "jargon" (Or "heavy metal [Cambridge]) Large, expensive, ultra-fast computers. Used generally of {number crunching} {supercomputers} such as {Crays}, but can include more conventional big commercial {IBM}ish {mainframes}. The term implies approval, in contrast to "{dinosaur}". [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-09)

bignum "programming" /big'nuhm/ (Originally from {MIT} {MacLISP}) A {multiple-precision} computer representation for very large integers. Most computer languages provide a type of data called "integer", but such computer integers are usually limited in size; usually they must be smaller than 2^31 (2,147,483,648) or (on a {bitty box}) 2^15 (32,768). If you want to work with numbers larger than that, you have to use {floating-point} numbers, which are usually accurate to only six or seven decimal places. Computer languages that provide bignums can perform exact calculations on very large numbers, such as 1000! (the factorial of 1000, which is 1000 times 999 times 998 times ... times 2 times 1). For example, this value for 1000! was computed by the {MacLISP} system using bignums: 40238726007709377354370243392300398571937486421071 46325437999104299385123986290205920442084869694048 00479988610197196058631666872994808558901323829669 94459099742450408707375991882362772718873251977950 59509952761208749754624970436014182780946464962910 56393887437886487337119181045825783647849977012476 63288983595573543251318532395846307555740911426241 74743493475534286465766116677973966688202912073791 43853719588249808126867838374559731746136085379534 52422158659320192809087829730843139284440328123155 86110369768013573042161687476096758713483120254785 89320767169132448426236131412508780208000261683151 02734182797770478463586817016436502415369139828126 48102130927612448963599287051149649754199093422215 66832572080821333186116811553615836546984046708975 60290095053761647584772842188967964624494516076535 34081989013854424879849599533191017233555566021394 50399736280750137837615307127761926849034352625200 01588853514733161170210396817592151090778801939317 81141945452572238655414610628921879602238389714760 88506276862967146674697562911234082439208160153780 88989396451826324367161676217916890977991190375403 12746222899880051954444142820121873617459926429565 81746628302955570299024324153181617210465832036786 90611726015878352075151628422554026517048330422614 39742869330616908979684825901254583271682264580665 26769958652682272807075781391858178889652208164348 34482599326604336766017699961283186078838615027946 59551311565520360939881806121385586003014356945272 24206344631797460594682573103790084024432438465657 24501440282188525247093519062092902313649327349756 55139587205596542287497740114133469627154228458623 77387538230483865688976461927383814900140767310446 64025989949022222176590433990188601856652648506179 97023561938970178600408118897299183110211712298459 01641921068884387121855646124960798722908519296819 37238864261483965738229112312502418664935314397013 74285319266498753372189406942814341185201580141233 44828015051399694290153483077644569099073152433278 28826986460278986432113908350621709500259738986355 42771967428222487575867657523442202075736305694988 25087968928162753848863396909959826280956121450994 87170124451646126037902930912088908694202851064018 21543994571568059418727489980942547421735824010636 77404595741785160829230135358081840096996372524230 56085590370062427124341690900415369010593398383577 79394109700277534720000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-27)

bigot A person who is religiously attached to a particular computer, language, operating system, editor, or other tool (see {religious issues}). Usually found with a specifier; thus, "Cray bigot", "ITS bigot", "APL bigot", "VMS bigot", "Berkeley bigot". Real bigots can be distinguished from mere partisans or zealots by the fact that they refuse to learn alternatives even when the march of time and/or technology is threatening to obsolete the favoured tool. It is truly said "You can tell a bigot, but you can't tell him much." Compare {weenie}. [{Jargon File}]

Big Red Switch "jargon" (BRS) IBM jargon for the {power switch} on a computer, especially the "Emergency Pull" switch on an IBM {mainframe} or the power switch on an IBM PC where it really is large and red. "This !@%$% {bitty box} is hung again; time to hit the Big Red Switch." It is alleged that the emergency pull switch on an {IBM 360}/91 actually fired a non-conducting bolt into the main power feed; the BRSes on more recent mainframes physically drop a block into place so that they can't be pushed back in. People get fired for pulling them, especially inappropriately (see also {molly-guard}). Compare {power cycle}, {three-finger salute}, {120 reset}; see also {scram switch}. [{Jargon File}] (2014-08-10)

Big Room "jargon, humour" The extremely large room with the blue ceiling and intensely bright light (during the day) or black ceiling with lots of tiny night-lights (during the night) found outside all computer installations. "He can't come to the phone right now, he's somewhere out in the Big Room." (1996-03-04)

Bill Gates "person" William Henry Gates III, Chief Executive Officer of {Microsoft}, which he co-founded in 1975 with {Paul Allen}. In 1994 Gates is a billionaire, worth $9.35b and {Microsoft} is worth about $27b. He was a {computer nerd} who dropped out of Harvard and one of the first programmers to oppose {software piracy} ("Open Letter to Hobbyists," Computer Notes, February 3, 1976). (1995-03-02)

binary 1. "mathematics" {Base} two. A number representation consisting of zeros and ones used by practically all computers because of its ease of implementation using digital electronics and {Boolean algebra}. 2. "file format" {binary file}. 3. "programming" A description of an {operator} which takes two {arguments}. See also {unary}, {ternary}. (2005-02-21)

binary file "file format" Any {file format} for {digital} {data} that does not consist of a sequence of printable {characters} ({text}). The term is often used for executable {machine code}. All digital data, including characters, is actually binary data (unless it uses some (rare) system with more than two discrete levels) but the distinction between binary and text is well established. On modern {operating systems} a text file is simply a binary file that happens to contain only printable characters, but some older systems distinguish the two file types, requiring programs to handle them differently. A common class of binary files is programs in {machine language} ("{executable} files") ready to load into memory and execute. Binary files may also be used to store data output by a program, and intended to be read by that or another program but not by humans. Binary files are more efficient for this purpose because the data (e.g. numerical data) does not need to be converted between the binary form used by the {CPU} and a printable (ASCII) representation. The disadvantage is that it is usually necessary to write special purpose programs to manipulate such files since most general purpose utilities operate on text files. There is also a problem sharing binary numerical data between processors with different {endian}ness. Some communications {protocols} handle only text files, e.g. most {electronic mail} systems before {MIME} became widespread in about 1995. The {FTP} utility must be put into "binary" mode in order to copy a binary file since in its default "ascii" mode translates between the different {newline} characters used on the sending and receiving computers. Confusingly, some {word processor} files, and {rich text} files, are actually binary files because they contain non-printable characters and require special programs to view, edit and print them. (2005-02-21)

Binary Synchronous Transmission "protocol" (Bisynch) An {IBM} link {protocol}, developed in the 1960 and popular in the 1970s and 1980s. Binary Synchronous Transmission has been largely replaced in IBM environments with {SDLC}. Bisync was developed for {batch} communications between a {System 360} computer and the IBM 2780 and 3780 {Remote Job Entry} (RJE) {terminals}. It supports RJE and on-line terminals in the {CICS}/{VSE} environment. It operates with {EBCDIC} or {ASCII} {character sets}. It requires that every message be acknowledged ({ACK}) or negatively acknowledged ({NACK}) so it has high transmission overhead. It is typically character oriented and {half-duplex}, although some of the bisync protocol flavours or dialects support binary transmission and {full-duplex} operation. (1997-01-07)

BinHex "file format" A {Macintosh} format for representing a {binary file} using only {printable characters}. The file is converted to lines of letters, numbers and punctuation. Because BinHex files are simply text they can be sent through most {electronic mail} systems and stored on most computers. However the conversion to text makes the file larger, so it takes longer to transmit a file in BinHex format than if the file was represented some other way. {Filename extension}: .hqx. See also {BinHex 4.0}, {uuencode}. [Encoding algorithm?] (1994-11-30)

bioinformatics "application" The field of science concerning the application of {computer science} and {information technology} to biology; using computers to handle biological information, especially {computational molecular biology}. (2005-01-07)

BioMeDical Package "language, library, statistics" (BMDP) A statistical language and library of over forty statistical routines developed in 1961 at {UCLA}, Health Sciences Computing Facility under Dr. Wilford Dixon. BMDP was first implemented in {Fortran} for the {IBM 7090}. Tapes of the original source were distributed for free all over the world. BMDP is the second iteration of the original {BIMED} programs. It was developed at {UCLA} Health Sciences Computing facility, with NIH funding. The "P" in BMDP originally stood for "parameter" but was later changed to "package". BMDP used keyword parameters to defined what was to be done rather than the fixed card format used by original BIMED programs. BMDP supports many statistical funtions: simple data description, {survival analysis}, {ANOVA}, {multivariate analyses}, {regression analysis}, and {time series} analysis. BMDP Professional combines the full suite of BMDP Classic (Dynamic) release 7.0 with the BMDP New System 2.0 {Windows} front-end. {BMDP from Statistical Solutions (http://statsol.ie/bmdp/bmdp.htm)}. (2004-01-14)

Bison "tool" {GNU}'s replacement for the {yacc} {parser generator}. Bison runs under {Unix} and on {Atari} computers. It was written by Robert Corbett. As of version 1.24, Bison will no longer apply the {GNU} {General Public License} to your code. You can use the output files without restriction. {FTP GNU.org (ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/)} or your nearest {GNU archive site}. E-mail: "bug-bison@gnu.org". {Bison++} is a version which produces {C++} output. (2000-07-05)

bit bang Transmission of data on a {serial line} accomplished by rapidly changing a single output bit, in software, at the appropriate times. The technique is a simple loop with eight OUT and SHIFT instruction pairs for each byte. Input is more interesting. And {full-duplex} (doing input and output at the same time) is one way to separate the real hackers from the {wannabees}. Bit bang was used on certain early models of {Prime} computers, presumably when {UARTs} were too expensive, and on archaic {Zilog Z80} micros with a {Zilog} PIO but no SIO. In an interesting instance of the {cycle of reincarnation}, this technique is now (1991) coming back into use on some {RISC} architectures because it consumes such an infinitesimal part of the processor that it actually makes sense not to have a {UART}. [{Jargon File}]

bit bucket "jargon" 1. (Or "{write-only memory}", "WOM") The universal data sink (originally, the mythical receptacle used to catch bits when they fall off the end of a {register} during a {shift} instruction). Discarded, lost, or destroyed data is said to have "gone to the bit bucket". On {Unix}, often used for {/dev/null}. Sometimes amplified as "the Great Bit Bucket in the Sky". 2. The place where all lost mail and news messages eventually go. The selection is performed according to {Finagle's Law}; important mail is much more likely to end up in the bit bucket than junk mail, which has an almost 100% probability of getting delivered. Routing to the bit bucket is automatically performed by mail-transfer agents, news systems, and the lower layers of the network. 3. The ideal location for all unwanted mail responses: "Flames about this article to the bit bucket." Such a request is guaranteed to overflow one's mailbox with flames. 4. Excuse for all mail that has not been sent. "I mailed you those figures last week; they must have landed in the bit bucket." Compare {black hole}. This term is used purely in jest. It is based on the fanciful notion that bits are objects that are not destroyed but only misplaced. This appears to have been a mutation of an earlier term "bit box", about which the same legend was current; old-time hackers also report that trainees used to be told that when the CPU stored bits into memory it was actually pulling them "out of the bit box". Another variant of this legend has it that, as a consequence of the "parity preservation law", the number of 1 bits that go to the bit bucket must equal the number of 0 bits. Any imbalance results in bits filling up the bit bucket. A qualified computer technician can empty a full bit bucket as part of scheduled maintenance. In contrast, a "{chad box}" is a real container used to catch {chad}. This may be related to the origin of the term "bit bucket" [Comments ?]. (1996-11-20)

bitmap display "hardware" A computer {output device} where each {pixel} displayed on the {monitor} screen corresponds directly to one or more {bits} in the computer's {video memory}. Such a display can be updated extremely rapidly since changing a pixel involves only a single processor write to memory compared with a {terminal} or {VDU} connected via a serial line where the speed of the serial line limits the speed at which the display can be changed. Most modern {personal computers} and {workstations} have bitmap displays, allowing the efficient use of {graphical user interfaces}, interactive graphics and a choice of on-screen {fonts}. Some more expensive systems still delegate graphics operations to dedicated hardware such as {graphics accelerators}. The bitmap display might be traced back to the earliest days of computing when the Manchester University Mark I(?) computer, developed by F.C. Williams and T. Kilburn shortly after the Second World War. This used a {storage tube} as its {working memory}. Phosphor dots were used to store single bits of data which could be read by the user and interpreted as binary numbers. [Is this history correct? Was it ever used to display "graphics"? What was the resolution?] (2002-05-15)

BITNET "networking" /bit'net/ (Because It's Time NETwork) An academic and research computer network connecting approximately 2500 computers. BITNET provides interactive, {electronic mail} and file transfer services, using a {store and forward} {protocol}, based on {IBM} {Network Job Entry} protocols. Bitnet-II encapsulates the Bitnet protocol within {IP} {packets} and depends on the {Internet} to route them. BITNET traffic and Internet traffic are exchanged via several {gateway} hosts. BITNET is now operated by {CREN}. BITNET is everybody's least favourite piece of the network. The BITNET hosts are a collection of {IBM} {dinosaurs}, {VAXen} (with lobotomised communications hardware), and {Prime Computer} supermini computers. They communicate using 80-character {EBCDIC} card images (see {eighty-column mind}); thus, they tend to mangle the {headers} and text of third-party traffic from the rest of the {ASCII}/{RFC 822} world with annoying regularity. BITNET is also notorious as the apparent home of {BIFF}. [{Jargon File}] (2002-09-02)

bit-paired keyboard "hardware" (Obsolete, or "bit-shift keyboard") A non-standard keyboard layout that seems to have originated with the {Teletype} {ASR-33} and remained common for several years on early computer equipment. The ASR-33 was a mechanical device (see {EOU}), so the only way to generate the character codes from keystrokes was by some physical linkage. The design of the ASR-33 assigned each character key a basic pattern that could be modified by flipping bits if the SHIFT or the CTRL key was pressed. In order to avoid making the thing more of a Rube Goldberg {kluge} than it already was, the design had to group characters that shared the same basic {bit pattern} on one key. Looking at the {ASCII} chart, we find: high low bits bits 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 010    !  "  

bit rot "jargon" A hypothetical disease the existence of which has been deduced from the observation that unused programs or features will often stop working after sufficient time has passed, even if "nothing has changed". The theory explains that bits decay as if they were radioactive. As time passes, the contents of a file or the code in a program will become increasingly garbled. People with a physics background tend to prefer the variant "bit decay" for the analogy with particle decay. There actually are physical processes that produce such effects (alpha particles generated by trace radionuclides in ceramic chip packages, for example, can change the contents of a computer memory unpredictably, and various kinds of subtle media failures can corrupt files in mass storage), but they are quite rare (and computers are built with {error detection} circuitry to compensate for them). The notion long favoured among hackers that {cosmic rays} are among the causes of such events turns out to be a myth. Bit rot is the notional cause of {software rot}. See also {computron}, {quantum bogodynamics}. [{Jargon File}] (1998-03-15)

BitTorrent "networking" A popular, distributed form of {peer-to-peer} {file sharing} that enables a {client} program to fetch different parts of a file (a "torrent") from different sources in parallel. The system is designed to encourage users to make downloaded data available for others to upload. This is aided by a scheme for exchanging unique identifiers, commonly stored in ".torrent" files. A downloader who does not serve data to others is called a "leech". A "seed" is a computer that has a complete copy of a file, possibly the original. The bittorrent.com site claims there are over 100 million users as of 2007-03-24. Most of the data is copyright material like films or commercial software. {(http://www.bittorrent.com/what-is-bittorrent)}. (2007-03-27)

bitty box "abuse" (Or "calculator") /bit'ee boks/ A computer sufficiently small, primitive, or incapable as to cause a hacker acute claustrophobia at the thought of developing software on or for it. The term is especially used of small, obsolescent, {single-tasking}-only {personal computers} such as the {Atari 800}, {Osborne}, {Sinclair}, {VIC-20}, {TRS-80} or {IBM PC}, but the term is a general pejorative opposite of "real computer" (see {Get a real computer!}). See also {mess-dos}, {toaster}, {toy}. (1994-11-29)

bit "unit" (b) {binary} digit. The unit of information; the amount of information obtained by asking a yes-or-no question; a computational quantity that can take on one of two values, such as false and true or 0 and 1; the smallest unit of storage - sufficient to hold one bit. A bit is said to be "set" if its value is true or 1, and "reset" or "clear" if its value is false or 0. One speaks of setting and clearing bits. To {toggle} or "invert" a bit is to change it, either from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0. The term "bit" first appeared in print in the computer-science sense in 1949, and seems to have been coined by the eminent statistician, {John Tukey}. Tukey records that it evolved over a lunch table as a handier alternative to "bigit" or "binit". See also {flag}, {trit}, {mode bit}, {byte}, {word}. [{Jargon File}] (2002-01-22)

black art A collection of arcane, unpublished, and (by implication) mostly ad-hoc techniques developed for a particular application or systems area (compare {black magic}). VLSI design and compiler code optimisation were (in their beginnings) considered classic examples of black art; as theory developed they became {deep magic}, and once standard textbooks had been written, became merely {heavy wizardry}. The huge proliferation of formal and informal channels for spreading around new computer-related technologies during the last twenty years has made both the term "black art" and what it describes less common than formerly. See also {voodoo programming}. [{Jargon File}]

Black Data Processing Associates "body" (BDPA) A non-profit professional association, founded in 1975 to promote positive influence in the {information technology} (IT) industry and how it affects African Americans. The BDPA facilitates African American professional participation in local and national activities keeping up with developing IT trends. BDPA offers a forum for exchanging information and ideas about the computer industry. It provides numerous networking opportunities through monthly program meetings, seminars, and workshops and the annual national conference. Membership is open to anyone interested in IT. The Foundation provides scholarships to students who compete in an annual {Visual Basic} competition. {(http://bdpa.org/conf96)}. E-mail: "nbdpa@ix.netcom.com". Telephone: Ms. Pat Drumming, +1 (800) 727-BDPA. (1996-04-07)

Bletchley Park "body, history" A country house and grounds some 50 miles North of London, England, where highly secret work deciphering intercepted German military radio messages was carried out during World War Two. Thousands of people were working there at the end of the war, including a number of early computer pioneers such as {Alan Turing}. The nature and scale of the work has only emerged recently, with total secrecy having been observed by all the people involved. Throughout the war, Bletchley Park produced highly important strategic and tactical intelligence used by the Allies, (Churchill's "golden eggs"), and it has been claimed that the war in Europe was probably shortened by two years as a result. An exhibition of wartime code-breaking memorabilia, including an entire working {Colossus}, restored by Tony Sale, can be seen at Bletchley Park on alternate weekends. The {Computer Conservation Society} (CCS), a specialist group of the {British Computer Society} runs a museum on the site that includes a working {Elliot} {mainframe} computer and many early {minicomputers} and {microcomputers}. The CCS hope to have substantial facilities for storage and restoration of old artifacts, as well as archive, library and research facilities. Telephone: Bletchley Park Trust office +44 (908) 640 404 (office hours and open weekends). (1998-12-18)

blinkenlights /blink'*n-li:tz/ Front-panel diagnostic lights on a computer, especially a {dinosaur}. Derives from the last word of the famous blackletter-Gothic sign in mangled pseudo-German that once graced about half the computer rooms in the English-speaking world. One version ran in its entirety as follows: ACHTUNG! ALLES LOOKENSPEEPERS! Das computermachine ist nicht fuer gefingerpoken und mittengrabben. Ist easy schnappen der springenwerk, blowenfusen und poppencorken mit spitzensparken. Ist nicht fuer gewerken bei das dumpkopfen. Das rubbernecken sichtseeren keepen das cotten-pickenen hans in das pockets muss; relaxen und watchen das blinkenlichten. This silliness dates back at least as far as 1959 at Stanford University and had already gone international by the early 1960s, when it was reported at London University's ATLAS computing site. There are several variants of it in circulation, some of which actually do end with the word "blinkenlights". In an amusing example of turnabout-is-fair-play, German hackers have developed their own versions of the blinkenlights poster in fractured English, one of which is reproduced here:             ATTENTION This room is fullfilled mit special electronische equippment. Fingergrabbing and pressing the cnoeppkes from the computers is allowed for die experts only! So all the "lefthanders" stay away and do not disturben the brainstorming von here working intelligencies. Otherwise you will be out thrown and kicked anderswhere! Also: please keep still and only watchen astaunished the blinkenlights. See also {geef}. [{Jargon File}]

blit /blit/ 1. To copy a large array of bits from one part of a computer's memory to another part, particularly when the memory is being used to determine what is shown on a display screen. "The storage allocator picks through the table and copies the good parts up into high memory, and then blits it all back down again." See {bitblt}, {BLT}, {dd}, {cat}, {blast}, {snarf}. More generally, to perform some operation (such as toggling) on a large array of bits while moving them. 2. Sometimes all-capitalised as "BLIT": an early experimental {bit-mapped} {terminal} designed by Rob Pike at {Bell Labs}, later commercialised as the {AT&T 5620}. (The folk etymology from "Bell Labs Intelligent Terminal" is incorrect. Its creators liked to claim that "Blit" stood for the Bacon, Lettuce, and Interactive Tomato). [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-16)

blitter "hardware, graphics" /blit'r/ (Or "{raster blaster}"). A special-purpose {integrated circuit} or hardware system built to perform {blit} (or "{bit bang}") operations, especially used for fast implementation of {bit-mapped} graphics. The {Commodore} {Amiga} and a few other {microcomputers} have these, but in 1991 the trend is away from them (however, see {cycle of reincarnation}). [{Jargon File}] (1996-04-30)

blivet /bliv'*t/ [allegedly from a World War II military term meaning "ten pounds of manure in a five-pound bag"] 1. An intractable problem. 2. A crucial piece of hardware that can't be fixed or replaced if it breaks. 3. A tool that has been hacked over by so many incompetent programmers that it has become an unmaintainable tissue of hacks. 4. An out-of-control but unkillable development effort. 5. An embarrassing bug that pops up during a customer demo. 6. In the subjargon of computer security specialists, a denial-of-service attack performed by hogging limited resources that have no access controls (for example, shared spool space on a multi-user system). This term has other meanings in other technical cultures; among experimental physicists and hardware engineers of various kinds it seems to mean any random object of unknown purpose (similar to hackish use of {frob}). It has also been used to describe an amusing trick-the-eye drawing resembling a three-pronged fork that appears to depict a three-dimensional object until one realises that the parts fit together in an impossible way. [{Jargon File}]

block transfer computations "algorithm, humour" (From the UK television series "Dr. Who") Computations so fiendishly subtle and complex that they could not be performed by machines. Used to refer to any task that should be expressible as an {algorithm} in theory, but isn't. [{Jargon File}] (2004-09-28)

blow up 1. "mathematics" A description of a function that, as its input changes over a finite interval, its output goes from stable (steadily increasing or decreasing) to {unstable} (oscilating wildly between extreme values). The term might also be used for successive elements in a discrete sequence or stepwise approximation of a continuous function. Rather than becoming unstable, the value may simply tend to positive or negative {infinity}. When calculating such a function or sequence, a computer will typically suffer {overflow}. 2. {blow out}. [{Jargon File}] (2019-12-27)

Bluetooth "protocol, standard" A specification for short-range radio links between mobile computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, and other portable devices. {(http://bluetooth.com)}. (2001-03-16)

bomb 1. "software" General synonym for {crash} except that it is not used as a noun. Especially used of software or {OS} failures. "Don't run Empire with less than 32K stack, it'll bomb". 2. "operating system" {Atari ST} and {Macintosh} equivalents of a {Unix} "{panic}" or {Amiga} {guru}, in which {icons} of little black-powder bombs or mushroom clouds are displayed, indicating that the system has died. On the {Macintosh}, this may be accompanied by a decimal (or occasionally {hexadecimal}) number indicating what went wrong, similar to the {Amiga} {guru meditation} number. {MS-DOS} computers tend to {lock up} in this situation. 3. "software" A piece of code embedded in a program that remains dormant until it is triggered. Logic bombs are triggered by an event whereas time bombs are triggered either after a set amount of time has elapsed, or when a specific date is reached. [{Jargon File}] (1996-12-08)

book 1. "text" {e-book}. 2. {book titles}. 3. "computer" {MacBook}. 4. {O'Reilly and Associates}.

Boolean algebra "logic" (After the logician {George Boole}) 1. Commonly, and especially in computer science and digital electronics, this term is used to mean {two-valued logic}. 2. This is in stark contrast with the definition used by pure mathematicians who in the 1960s introduced "Boolean-valued {models}" into logic precisely because a "Boolean-valued model" is an interpretation of a {theory} that allows more than two possible truth values! Strangely, a Boolean algebra (in the mathematical sense) is not strictly an {algebra}, but is in fact a {lattice}. A Boolean algebra is sometimes defined as a "complemented {distributive lattice}". Boole's work which inspired the mathematical definition concerned {algebras} of {sets}, involving the operations of intersection, union and complement on sets. Such algebras obey the following identities where the operators ^, V, - and constants 1 and 0 can be thought of either as set intersection, union, complement, universal, empty; or as two-valued logic AND, OR, NOT, TRUE, FALSE; or any other conforming system. a ^ b = b ^ a  a V b = b V a   (commutative laws) (a ^ b) ^ c = a ^ (b ^ c) (a V b) V c = a V (b V c)     (associative laws) a ^ (b V c) = (a ^ b) V (a ^ c) a V (b ^ c) = (a V b) ^ (a V c)  (distributive laws) a ^ a = a  a V a = a     (idempotence laws) --a = a -(a ^ b) = (-a) V (-b) -(a V b) = (-a) ^ (-b)       (de Morgan's laws) a ^ -a = 0  a V -a = 1 a ^ 1 = a  a V 0 = a a ^ 0 = 0  a V 1 = 1 -1 = 0  -0 = 1 There are several common alternative notations for the "-" or {logical complement} operator. If a and b are elements of a Boolean algebra, we define a "= b to mean that a ^ b = a, or equivalently a V b = b. Thus, for example, if ^, V and - denote set intersection, union and complement then "= is the inclusive subset relation. The relation "= is a {partial ordering}, though it is not necessarily a {linear ordering} since some Boolean algebras contain incomparable values. Note that these laws only refer explicitly to the two distinguished constants 1 and 0 (sometimes written as {LaTeX} \top and \bot), and in {two-valued logic} there are no others, but according to the more general mathematical definition, in some systems variables a, b and c may take on other values as well. (1997-02-27)

boot block "operating system" A program on a {hard disk}, {floppy disk} or other media, which is loaded when the computer is turned on or rebooted and which controls the next phase of loading the actual {operating system}. The loading and execution of the boot block is usually controlled by {firmware} in {ROM} or {PROM}. It may be at some fixed location possibly or may be pointed to by the {master boot record}. (2009-05-19)

bootstrap loader "operating system" A short {program} loaded from {non-volatile storage} and used to {bootstrap} a computer. On early computers great efforts were expended on making the bootstrap loader short, in order to make it easy to {toggle} in via the {front panel} switches. It was just clever enough to read in a slightly more complex {program} (usually from {punched cards} or {paper tape}), to which it handed control. This {program} in turn read the {application} or {operating system} from a {magnetic tape} drive or {disk drive}. Thus, in successive steps, the {computer} "pulled itself up by its bootstraps" to a useful operating state. Nowadays the bootstrap loader is usually found in {ROM} or {EPROM}, and reads the first stage in from a fixed location on the {disk}, called the "{boot block}". When this {program} gains control, it is powerful enough to load the actual {OS} and hand control over to it. A {diskless workstation} can use {bootp} to load its OS from the network. (2005-04-12)

bootstrap "operating system, compiler" To load and initialise the {operating system} on a computer. Normally abbreviated to "{boot}". From the curious expression "to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps", one of the legendary feats of Baron von Munchhausen. The {bootstrap loader} is the program that runs on the computer before any (normal) program can run. Derived terms include {reboot}, {cold boot}, {warm boot}, {soft boot} and {hard boot}. The term also applies to the use of a {compiler} to compile itself. The usual process is to write an {interpreter} for a language, L, in some other existing language. The compiler is then written in L and the interpreter is used to run it. This produces an {executable} for compiling programs in L from the source of the compiler in L. This technique is often used to verify the correctness of a compiler. It was first used in the {LISP} community. See also {My Favourite Toy Language}. [{Jargon File}] (2005-04-12)

boot virus An {MS-DOS} {virus} that infects the {boot record} program on {hard disks} and {floppy disks} or the {master boot record} on hard disks. The virus gets loaded into memory before {MS-DOS} and takes control of the computer, infecting any floppy disks subsequently accessed. An infected {boot disk} may stop the computer starting up at all. (1995-02-16)

bot 1. "networking, chat, web" (From "{robot}") Any type of autonomous {software} that operates as an {agent} for a user or a {program} or simulates a human activity. On the {Internet}, the most popular bots are programs (called {spiders} or crawlers) used for searching. They access {web sites}, retrieve documents and follow all the {hypertext links} in them; then they generate catalogs that are accessed by {search engines}. A {chatbot} converses with humans (or other bots). A {shopbot} searches the Web to find the best price for a product. Other bots (such as {OpenSesame}) observe a user's patterns in navigating a website and customises the site for that user. A {knowbot} collects specific information from {websites}. 2. "security" A computer that has been conscripted into a {botnet}. (2019-03-16)

botnet "security" A large number of hijacked computers controlled by a {botmaster} via the Internet. Some botnets have been estimated to include hundreds of thousands of computers. Botnets are sometimes rented out, sometimes for as little as 4 cents per machine. The machines are recruited via a {virus} (e.g. sent by {e-mail}), a {drive-by download} or a {worm}. (2019-03-16)

bottom "theory" The least defined element in a given {domain}. Often used to represent a non-terminating computation. (In {LaTeX}, bottom is written as {\perp}, sometimes with the domain as a subscript). (1997-01-07)

bounce 1. (Perhaps by analogy to a bouncing check) An {electronic mail} message that is undeliverable and returns an error notification (a "{bounce message}") to the sender is said to "bounce". 2. To play volleyball. The now-demolished {D. C. Power Lab} building used by the {Stanford AI Lab} in the 1970s had a volleyball court on the front lawn. From 5 PM to 7 PM was the scheduled maintenance time for the computer, so every afternoon at 5 would come over the intercom the cry: "Now hear this: bounce, bounce!", followed by Brian McCune loudly bouncing a volleyball on the floor outside the offices of known volleyballers. 3. To engage in sexual intercourse; probably from the expression "bouncing the mattress", but influenced by Roo's psychosexually loaded "Try bouncing me, Tigger!" from the "Winnie-the-Pooh" books. Compare {boink}. 4. To casually reboot a system in order to clear up a transient problem. Reported primarily among {VMS} users. 5. (VM/CMS programmers) Automatic warm-start of a computer after an error. "I logged on this morning and found it had bounced 7 times during the night" 6. (IBM) To {power cycle} a peripheral in order to reset it. [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-29)

boustrophedonic "hardware" (From the Greek "boustrophe-don": turning like oxen in plowing; from "bous": ox, cow; "strephein": to turn) An ancient method of writing using alternate left-to-right and right-to-left lines. It used for an optimisation performed by some computer typesetting software and moving-head printers to reduce physical movement of the print head. The adverbial form "boustrophedonically" is also found. (1994-11-29)

box "computer" 1. A computer; especially in the construction "foo box" where foo is some functional qualifier, like "graphics", or the name of an {operating system} (thus, "{Unix} box", "{MS-DOS} box", etc.) "We preprocess the data on Unix boxes before handing it up to the {mainframe}." The plural "{boxen}" is sometimes seen. 2. Without qualification in an {IBM} {SNA} site, "box" refers specifically to an {IBM} {front-end processor}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-29)

Boycott Apple "legal" Some time before 1989, {Apple Computer, Inc.} started a lawsuit against {Hewlett-Packard} and {Microsoft}, claiming they had breeched Apple's {copyright} on the {look and feel} of the {Macintosh user interface}. In December 1989, {Xerox} failed to sue {Apple Computer}, claiming that the software for Apple's {Lisa} computer and {Macintosh} {Finder}, both copyrighted in 1987, were derived from two {Xerox} programs: {Smalltalk}, developed in the mid-1970s and {Star}, copyrighted in 1981. Apple wanted to stop people from writing any program that worked even vaguely like a {Macintosh}. If such {look and feel} lawsuits succeed they could put an end to {free software} that could substitute for commercial software. In the weeks after the suit was filed, {Usenet} reverberated with condemnation for Apple. {GNU} supporters {Richard Stallman}, {John Gilmore} and Paul Rubin decided to take action against Apple. Apple's reputation as a force for progress came from having made better computers; but The {League for Programming Freedom} believed that Apple wanted to make all non-Apple computers worse. They therefore campaigned to discourage people from using Apple products or working for Apple or any other company threatening similar obstructionist tactics (e.g. {Lotus} and {Xerox}). Because of this boycott the {Free Software Foundation} for a long time didn't support {Macintosh} {Unix} in their software. In 1995, the LPF and the FSF decided to end the boycott. [Dates? Other events? Why did Xerox's case against Apple fail?] (1995-04-18)

braille "human language" /breyl/ (Often capitalised) A class of {writing systems}, intended for use by blind and low-vision users, which express {glyphs} as raised dots. Currently employed braille standards use eight dots per cell, where a cell is a glyph-space two dots across by four dots high; most glyphs use only the top six dots. Braille was developed by Louis Braille (pronounced /looy bray/) in France in the 1820s. Braille systems for most languages can be fairly trivially converted to and from the usual script. Braille has several totally coincidental parallels with digital computing: it is {binary}, it is based on groups of eight bits/dots and its development began in the 1820s, at the same time {Charles Babbage} proposed the {Difference Engine}. Computers output Braille on {braille displays} and {braille printers} for hard copy. {British Royal National Institute for the Blind (http://rnib.org.uk/wesupply/fctsheet/braille.htm)}. (1998-10-19)

Brazil An {operating system} from {Acorn Computers} used on an {ARM} card which could be fitted to an {IBM PC}. There was also an {ARM} second processor for the {BBC Microcomputer} which used Brazil. Never used on the {Archimedes}(?). (1994-12-05)

break-even point In the process of implementing a new computer language, the point at which the language is sufficiently effective that one can implement the language in itself. That is, for a new language called, hypothetically, FOOGOL, one has reached break-even when one can write a demonstration compiler for FOOGOL in FOOGOL, discard the original implementation language, and thereafter use working versions of FOOGOL to develop newer ones. This is an important milestone. See {My Favourite Toy Language}. [There actually is a language called {Foogol}].

breath-of-life packet ({XEROX PARC}) An {Ethernet} {packet} that contains {bootstrap} code, periodically sent out from a working computer to infuse the "breath of life" into any computer on the network that has crashed. Computers depending on such packets have sufficient hardware or firmware code to wait for (or request) such a packet during the reboot process. See also {dickless workstation}. The notional "kiss-of-death packet", with a function complementary to that of a breath-of-life packet, is recommended for dealing with hosts that consume too many network resources. Though "kiss-of-death packet" is usually used in jest, there is at least one documented instance of an {Internet} subnet with limited address-table slots in a gateway computer in which such packets were routinely used to compete for slots, rather like Christmas shoppers competing for scarce parking spaces. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-26)

briefcase "tool" A {Win95}/{WinNT} utility for keeping files on two computers without permanent connection in sync. The scenario briefcase was designed for is the combination of an office computer and a {portable} one. You connect the two before leaving your office, create a briefcase on the portable (if you don't already have one on it), then copy the files you want to work on while away into the briefcase. You can at this point disconnect the two computers, take the portable with you and work on the files in the briefcase at home or on the road. When you get back to your office the briefcase utility can automatically update the files you changed on the office computer. (1998-05-18)

bring X to its knees To present a computer, operating system, piece of software, or algorithm with a load so extreme or {pathological} that it grinds to a halt. "To bring a MicroVAX to its knees, try twenty users running {vi} - or four running {Emacs}." Compare {hog}. [{Jargon File}]

British Broadcasting Corporation "company" (BBC) The non-commercial UK organisation that commissions, produces and broadcasts television and radio programmes. The BBC commissioned the "{BBC Micro}" from {Acorn Computers} for use in a television series about using computers. They also have one of the world's most respected news websites (on which I work!). {BBC Home (http://bbc.co.uk/)}. {BBC News (http://news.bbc.co.uk/)}. (2003-07-02)

broadcast quality video "communications, multimedia" Roughly, {video} with more than 30 frames per second at a {resolution} of 800 x 640 {pixels}. The quality of moving pictures and sound is determined by the complete chain from camera to receiver. Relevant factors are the colour temperature of the lighting, the balance of the red, green and blue vision pick-up tubes to produce the correct display colour temperature (which will be different) and the {gamma} pre-correction to cancel the non-linear characteristic of {cathode-ray tubes} in television receivers. The {resolution} of the camera tube and video coding system will determine the maximum number of {pixels} in the picture. Different colour coding systems have different defects. The NTSC system (National Television Systems Committee) can produce {hue} errors. The PAL system (Phase Alternation by Line) can produce {saturation} errors. Television modulation systems are specified by ITU CCIR Report 624. Low-resolution systems have {bandwidths} of 4.2 MHz with 525 to 625 lines per frame as used in the Americas and Japan. Medium resolution of 5 to 6.5 MHz with 625 lines is used in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia. {High-Definition Television} (HDTV) will require 8 MHz or more of bandwidth. A medium resolution (5.5 MHz in UK) picture can be represented by 572 lines of 402 pixels. Note the ratio of pixels to lines is not the same as the {aspect ratio}. A {VGA} display (480n lines of 640 pixels) could thus display 84% of the height of one picture frame. Most compression techniques reduce quality as they assume a restricted range of detail and motion and discard details to which the human eye is not sensitive. Broadcast quality implies something better than amateur or domestic video and therefore can't be retained on a domestic video recorder. Broadcasts use quadriplex or U-matic recorders. The lowest frame rate used for commercial entertainment is the 24Hz of the 35mm cinema camera. When broadcast on a 50Hz television system, the pictures are screened at 25Hz reducing the running times by 4%. On a 60Hz system every five movie frames are screened as six TV frames, still at the 4% increased rate. The six frames are made by mixing adjacent frames, with some degradation of the picture. A computer system to meet international standard reproduction would at least VGA resolution, an interlaced frame rate of 24Hz and 8 bits to represent the luminance (Y) component. For a component display system using red, green and blue (RGB) electron guns and phosphor dots each will require 7 bits. Transmission and recording is different as various coding schemes need less bits if other representations are used instead of RGB. Broadcasts use YUV and compression can reduce this to about 3.5 bits per pixel without perceptible degradation. High-quality video and sound can be carried on a 34 Mbaud channel after being compressed with {ADPCM} and {variable length coding}, potentially in real time. (1997-07-04)

broken arrow "communications" The error code displayed on line 25 of a {IBM 3270} {terminal} (or a {terminal emulator} emulating a 3270) for various kinds of {protocol} violations and "unexpected" error conditions (including connection to a {down} computer). On a PC, simulated with "-"/_", with the two centre characters overstruck. "Broken arrow" is also military jargon for an accident involving nuclear weapons. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-07)

brontobyte "unit, data" A proposed unit of {data} equal to 10^27 {bytes}. A brontobyte is 1000^9 bytes or 1000 {yottabytes}. "Bronto-" is not an official prefix and the term brontobyte is generally attributed to the IBM Dictionary of Computing. One brontobyte would be enough data to store a three-dimensional map of the Earth with one byte for each {voxel} of a one-centimetre grid. See {prefix}. [Where did IBM get it from?] (2013-11-04)

BRUIN Brown University Interactive Language. A simple interactive language with {PL/I}-like {syntax}, for {IBM 360}. ["Meeting the Computational Requirements of the University, Brown University Interactive Language", R.G. Munck, Proc 24th ACM Conf, 1969]. (1995-02-14)

brute force attack "cryptography" A method of breaking a cipher (that is, to decrypt a specific encrypted text) by trying every possible {key}. The quicker the brute force attack, the weaker the cipher. Feasibility of brute force attack depends on the key length of the cipher, and on the amount of computational power available to the attacker. Brute force attack is impossible against the ciphers with variable-size key, such as a {one-time pad} cipher. {Breaking ciphers with many workstations (http://distributed.net/projects.html.en)}. (2000-01-16)

brute force "programming" A primitive programming style in which the programmer relies on the computer's processing power instead of using his own intelligence to simplify the problem, often ignoring problems of scale and applying naive methods suited to small problems directly to large ones. The term can also be used in reference to programming style: brute-force programs are written in a heavy-handed, tedious way, full of repetition and devoid of any elegance or useful abstraction (see also {brute force and ignorance}). The {canonical} example of a brute-force algorithm is associated with the "{travelling salesman problem}" (TSP), a classical {NP-hard} problem: Suppose a person is in, say, Boston, and wishes to drive to N other cities. In what order should the cities be visited in order to minimise the distance travelled? The brute-force method is to simply generate all possible routes and compare the distances; while guaranteed to work and simple to implement, this algorithm is clearly very stupid in that it considers even obviously absurd routes (like going from Boston to Houston via San Francisco and New York, in that order). For very small N it works well, but it rapidly becomes absurdly inefficient when N increases (for N = 15, there are already 1,307,674,368,000 possible routes to consider, and for N = 1000 - well, see {bignum}). Sometimes, unfortunately, there is no better general solution than brute force. See also {NP-complete}. A more simple-minded example of brute-force programming is finding the smallest number in a large list by first using an existing program to sort the list in ascending order, and then picking the first number off the front. Whether brute-force programming should actually be considered stupid or not depends on the context; if the problem is not terribly big, the extra CPU time spent on a brute-force solution may cost less than the programmer time it would take to develop a more "intelligent" algorithm. Additionally, a more intelligent algorithm may imply more long-term complexity cost and bug-chasing than are justified by the speed improvement. When applied to {cryptography}, it is usually known as {brute force attack}. {Ken Thompson}, co-inventor of {Unix}, is reported to have uttered the epigram "When in doubt, use brute force". He probably intended this as a {ha ha only serious}, but the original {Unix} {kernel}'s preference for simple, robust and portable {algorithms} over {brittle} "smart" ones does seem to have been a significant factor in the success of that {operating system}. Like so many other tradeoffs in software design, the choice between brute force and complex, finely-tuned cleverness is often a difficult one that requires both engineering savvy and delicate aesthetic judgment. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-14)

B-tree "algorithm" A multi-way {balanced tree}. The "B" in B-tree has never been officially defined. It could stand for "balanced" or "Bayer", after one of the original designers of the algorithms and structure. A B-tree is _not_ (necessarily?) a "{binary tree}". A B+-tree (as used by {IBM}'s {VSAM}) is a B-tree where the leaves are also linked sequentially, thus allowing both fast {random access} and sequential access to data. [Knuth's Art of Computer Programming]. [Example algorithm?] (2000-01-10)

bug "programming" An unwanted and unintended property of a {program} or piece of {hardware}, especially one that causes it to malfunction. Antonym of {feature}. E.g. "There's a bug in the editor: it writes things out backward." The identification and removal of bugs in a program is called "{debugging}". Admiral {Grace Hopper} (an early computing pioneer better known for inventing {COBOL}) liked to tell a story in which a technician solved a {glitch} in the {Harvard Mark II machine} by pulling an actual insect out from between the contacts of one of its relays, and she subsequently promulgated {bug} in its hackish sense as a joke about the incident (though, as she was careful to admit, she was not there when it happened). For many years the logbook associated with the incident and the actual bug in question (a moth) sat in a display case at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC). The entire story, with a picture of the logbook and the moth taped into it, is recorded in the "Annals of the History of Computing", Vol. 3, No. 3 (July 1981), pp. 285--286. The text of the log entry (from September 9, 1947), reads "1545 Relay

bulletin board system "communications, application" (BBS, bboard /bee'bord/, message board, forum; plural: BBSes) A computer and associated software which typically provides an electronic message database where people can log in and leave messages. Messages are typically split into {topic groups} similar to the {newsgroups} on {Usenet} (which is like a distributed BBS). Any user may submit or read any message in these public areas. The term comes from physical pieces of board on which people can pin messages written on paper for general consumption - a "physical bulletin board". {Ward Christensen}, the programmer and operator of the first BBS (on-line 1978-02-16) called it a CBBS for "computer bulletin board system". Since the rise of the {World-Wide Web}, the term has become antiquated, though the concept is more popular than ever, with many {websites} featuring discussion areas where users can post messages for public consumption. Apart from public message areas, some BBSes provided archives of files, personal {electronic mail} and other services of interest to the system operator ({sysop}). Thousands of BBSes around the world were run from amateurs' homes on {MS-DOS} boxes with a single {modem} line each. Although BBSes were traditionally the domain of hobbyists, many connected directly to the {Internet} (accessed via {telnet}), others were operated by government, educational, and research institutions. Fans of {Usenet} or the big commercial {time-sharing} bboards such as {CompuServe}, {CIX} and {GEnie} tended to consider local BBSes the low-rent district of the hacker culture, but they helped connect hackers and users in the personal-{micro} and let them exchange code. Use of this term for a {Usenet} newsgroup generally marks one either as a {newbie} fresh in from the BBS world or as a real old-timer predating {Usenet}. (2005-09-20)

bullet-proof hosting "networking, legal" A {hosting} company that guarantees not to shut down its {servers} even when requested to do so by law enforcement agencies. These hosting companies are often located off-shore or in nations where computer crime laws are lax or non-existent and where extradition requests will not be honoured. (2019-05-25)

Burroughs Corporation "company" A company which merged with {Sperry Univac} to form {Unisys Corporation}. They produced the {Datatron 200 series} among other computers. (2007-01-16)

bus "architecture, networking" A set of electrical conductors (wires, PCB tracks or connections in an {integrated circuit}) connecting various "stations", which can be {functional units} in a computer or {nodes} in a {network}. A bus is a {broadcast} channel, meaning that each station receives every other station's transmissions and all stations have equal access to the bus. Various schemes have been invented to solve the problem of collisions: multiple stations trying to transmit at once, e.g. {CSMA/CD}, {bus master}. The term is almost certainly derived from the electrical engineering term "bus bar" - a substantial, rigid power supply conductor to which several connections are made. This was once written "'bus bar" as it was a contraction of "omnibus bar" - a connection bar "for all", by analogy with the passenger omnibus - a conveyance "for all". {More on derivation (/pub/misc/omnibus.html)}. There are busses both within the {CPU} and connecting it to external {memory} and {peripheral} devices. The data bus, address bus and control signals, despite their names, really constitute a single bus since each is useless without the others. The width of the data bus is usually specified in {bits} and is the number of parallel connectors. This and the {clock rate} determine the bus's data rate (the number of {bytes} per second which it can carry). This is one of the factors limiting a computer's performance. Most current {microprocessors} have 32-bit busses both internally and externally. 100 or 133 {megahertz} bus clock rates are common. The bus clock is typically slower than the processor clock. Some processors have internal busses which are wider than their external busses (usually twice the width) since the width of the internal bus affects the speed of all operations and has less effect on the overall system cost than the width of the external bus. Various bus designs have been used in the {PC}, including {ISA}, {EISA}, {Micro Channel}, {VL-bus} and {PCI}. Other peripheral busses are NuBus, TURBOchannel, VMEbus, MULTIBUS and STD bus. See also {bus network}. {Ukranian (http://open-taxi.com/mynews/~adrian/10)}. (2010-07-10)

bus master "architecture" The device in a computer which is driving the {address bus} and bus control signals at some point in time. In a simple architecture only the (single) {CPU} can be bus master but this means that all communications between ("slave") I/O devices must involve the CPU. More sophisticated architectures allow other capable devices (or multiple CPUs) to take turns at controling the bus. This allows, for example, a {network controller} card to access a {disk controller} directly while the CPU performs other tasks which do not require the bus, e.g. fetching code from its {cache}. Note that any device can drive data onto the {data bus} when the CPU reads from that device, but only the bus master drives the {address bus} and control signals. {Direct Memory Access} is a simple form of bus mastering where the I/O device is set up by the CPU to read from or write to one or more contiguous blocks of memory and then signal to the CPU when it has done so. Full bus mastering (or "First Party DMA", "bus mastering DMA") implies that the I/O device is capable of performing more complex sequences of operations without CPU intervention (e.g. servicing a complete {NFS} request). This will normally mean that the I/O device contains its own processor or {microcontroller}. See also {distributed kernel}. (1996-08-26)

Butterfly Common LISP A parallel version of {Common LISP} for the {BBN Butterfly} computer.

Butterfly Scheme A parallel version of {Scheme} for the {BBN Butterfly} computer.

by hand 1. Said of an operation (especially a repetitive, trivial, and/or tedious one) that ought to be performed automatically by the computer, but which a hacker instead has to step tediously through. "My mailer doesn't have a command to include the text of the message I'm replying to, so I have to do it by hand." This does not necessarily mean the speaker has to retype a copy of the message; it might refer to, say, dropping into a subshell from the mailer, making a copy of one's mailbox file, reading that into an editor, locating the top and bottom of the message in question, deleting the rest of the file, inserting """ characters on each line, writing the file, leaving the editor, returning to the mailer, reading the file in, and later remembering to delete the file. Compare {eyeball search}. 2. By extension, writing code which does something in an explicit or low-level way for which a presupplied library routine ought to have been available. "This cretinous {B-tree} library doesn't supply a decent iterator, so I'm having to walk the trees by hand." [{Jargon File}]

Byte "publication" A popular computing magazine. {(http://byte.com)}. (1997-03-27)

bytesexual "jargon" /bi:t" sek"shu-*l/ An adjective used to describe hardware, denotes willingness to compute or pass data in either {big-endian} or {little-endian} format (depending, presumably, on a {mode bit} somewhere). See also {NUXI problem}. [{Jargon File}] (2009-05-28)

byte "unit" /bi:t/ (B) A component in the machine {data hierarchy} larger than a {bit} and usually smaller than a {word}; now nearly always eight bits and the smallest addressable unit of storage. A byte typically holds one {character}. A byte may be 9 bits on 36-bit computers. Some older architectures used "byte" for quantities of 6 or 7 bits, and the PDP-10 and IBM 7030 supported "bytes" that were actually {bit-fields} of 1 to 36 (or 64) bits! These usages are now obsolete, and even 9-bit bytes have become rare in the general trend toward power-of-2 word sizes. The term was coined by Werner Buchholz in 1956 during the early design phase for the {IBM} {Stretch} computer. It was a mutation of the word "bite" intended to avoid confusion with "bit". In 1962 he described it as "a group of bits used to encode a character, or the number of bits transmitted in parallel to and from input-output units". The move to an 8-bit byte happened in late 1956, and this size was later adopted and promulgated as a standard by the {System/360} {operating system} (announced April 1964). James S. Jones "jsjones@graceland.edu" adds: I am sure I read in a mid-1970's brochure by IBM that outlined the history of computers that BYTE was an acronym that stood for "Bit asYnchronous Transmission E..?" which related to width of the bus between the Stretch CPU and its CRT-memory (prior to Core). Terry Carr "bear@mich.com" says: In the early days IBM taught that a series of bits transferred together (like so many yoked oxen) formed a Binary Yoked Transfer Element (BYTE). [True origin? First 8-bit byte architecture?] See also {nibble}, {octet}. [{Jargon File}] (2003-09-21)

CA 1. "theory, architecture" {cellular automaton}. 2. "company" {Computer Associates}. 3. "cryptography" {Certificate Authority}.

Cache On A STick "architecture" (COAST) {Intel Corporation} attempt to's standardise the modular {L2 cache} subsystem in {Pentium}-based computers. A COAST module should be about 4.35" wide by 1.14" high. According to earlier specifications from {Motorola}, a module between 4.33" and 4.36" wide, and between 1.12" and 1.16" high is within the COAST standard. Some module vendors, including some major motherboard suppliers, greatly violate the height specification. Another COAST specification violated by many suppliers concerns clock distribution in synchronous modules. The specification requires that the clock tree to each synchronous chip be balanced, i.e. equal length from edge of the connector to individual chips. An unbalanced clock tree increases reflections and noise. For a 256 {kilobyte} cache module the standard requires the same clock be used for both chips but some vendors use separate clocks to reduce loading on the clock driver and hence increase the clock speed. However, this creates unbalanced loading in other motherboard configurations, such as motherboards with soldered caches in the system. (1996-06-10)

CAD/CAM {Computer Aided Design}/Computer Aided Manufacturing.

CAD {Computer Aided Design}

CADD {Computer Aided Detector Design}

CADET Computer Aided Design Experimental Translator. [Sammet 1969, p. 683]. (1994-11-29)

CAE 1. "operating system" {Common Applications Environment}. 2. "application" {Computer Aided Engineering}.

CAI {Computer-Aided Instruction}

CAL 1. {Computer Assisted Learning}. 2. {Course Author Language}.

calculated ::: p. p. & a. --> Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon ball.
Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts calculated to deceive the people.
Likely to produce a certain effect, whether

calculate ::: v. i. --> To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.
To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of; as, to calculate or cast one&

calculation ::: n. --> The act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate.
An expectation based on circumstances.

calculator ::: n. --> One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.

calcule ::: n. --> Reckoning; computation. ::: v. i. --> To calculate

calculus ::: n. --> Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.

callback 1. "programming" A scheme used in {event-driven} programs where the program registers a {subroutine} (a "callback handler") to handle a certain {event}. The program does not call the handler directly but when the event occurs, the {run-time system} calls the handler, usually passing it arguments to describe the event. 2. "communications, security" A {user authentication} scheme used by some computers running {dial-up} services. The user dials in to the computer and gives his {user name} and {password}. The computer then hangs up the connection and uses an {auto-dial} {modem} to call back to the user's registered telephone number. Thus, if an unauthorised person discovers a user's password, the callback will go, not to him, but to the owner of that login who will then know that his account is under attack. However, some {PABXs} can be fooled into thinking that the caller has hung up by sending them a dial tone. When the computer tries to call out on the same line it is not actually dialing through to the authorised user but is still connected to the original caller. 3. "communications" {cost control callback}. (2003-07-13)

Caller ID "communications" (CID) A short piece of text transmitted by some telephone systems describing the origin of a call, e.g. the name of the caller. Some telephone handsets can display this. A {computer telephony integration} system might use it to trigger actions on the callee's computer such as looking up the caller in a database and displaying their details on screen. There may also be a separate "caller id number" giving the telephone number of the originator of the call. (2008-04-30)

Call Unix "communications, tool" (cu) The original {Unix} {virtual terminal} utility. cu allows a user on one computer to log in to another connected via {Ethernet}, direct {serial line} or {modem}. It shares some configuration files with {UUCP} in order to be able to use the same connections without conflict. {Unix manual page}: cu(1). (1997-12-01)

CALS Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support: a DoD standard for electronic exchange of data with commercial suppliers.

CAM 1. "storage, architecture" {content addressable memory}. 2. "application" {computer aided manufacturing}.

CamelCase "programming" The practice of concatenating words with either all words capitalised (e.g. "ICantReadThis" - sometimes called "UpperCamelCase" or "PascalCase") or all except the first ("iCantReadThis" - called "lowerCamelCase"). It is used in contexts where space characters are not allowed, such as identifiers in {source code}. Modern best practice separates words in identifiers with {underscore} for readability (like_this_example). CamelCase is probably a historical throw-back to systems that had no underscore or when the length of identifiers was constrained either by the programming language or by the width of computer displays. Unfortunately it has infected many projects, origanisations and programming languages such as {Java} where the uniniated create identifiers like "MemberSubmissionAddressingWSDLParserExtension". (2014-12-02)

CAMIL Computer Assisted/Managed Instructional Language. A language used for {CAI} at Lowry AFB, CO. ["The CAMIL Programming Language", David Pflasterer, SIGPLAN Notices 13(11):43 (Nov 1978)]. (1994-11-09)

Campus Wide Information System (CWIS) Information and services made publicly available at university sites via {kiosks} running interactive computing systems, possibly via campus networks. Services routinely include directory information, calendars, {bulletin boards} and {databases}. (1994-11-09)

candygrammar "language" A programming-language grammar that is mostly {syntactic sugar}; a play on "candygram". {COBOL}, {Apple Computer}'s {Hypertalk} language, and many {4GLs} share this property. The intent is to be as English-like as possible and thus easier for unskilled people to program. However, {syntax} isn't what makes programming hard; it's the mental effort and organisation required to specify an {algorithm} precisely. Thus "candygrammar" languages are just as difficult to program in, and far more painful for the experienced hacker. {GLS} notes: The overtones from the 1977 Chevy Chase "Jaws" parody on Saturday Night Live should not be overlooked. Someone lurking outside an apartment door tries to get the occupant to open up, while ominous music plays in the background. The last attempt is a half-hearted "Candygram!" When the door is opened, a shark bursts in and chomps the poor occupant. There is a moral here for those attracted to candygrammars. [{Jargon File}] (2004-09-23)

canonical (Historically, "according to religious law") 1. "mathematics" A standard way of writing a formula. Two formulas such as 9 + x and x + 9 are said to be equivalent because they mean the same thing, but the second one is in "canonical form" because it is written in the usual way, with the highest power of x first. Usually there are fixed rules you can use to decide whether something is in canonical form. Things in canonical form are easier to compare. 2. "jargon" The usual or standard state or manner of something. The term acquired this meaning in computer-science culture largely through its prominence in {Alonzo Church}'s work in computation theory and {mathematical logic} (see {Knights of the Lambda-Calculus}). Compare {vanilla}. This word has an interesting history. Non-technical academics do not use the adjective "canonical" in any of the senses defined above with any regularity; they do however use the nouns "canon" and "canonicity" (not "canonicalness"* or "canonicality"*). The "canon" of a given author is the complete body of authentic works by that author (this usage is familiar to Sherlock Holmes fans as well as to literary scholars). "The canon" is the body of works in a given field (e.g. works of literature, or of art, or of music) deemed worthwhile for students to study and for scholars to investigate. The word "canon" derives ultimately from the Greek "kanon" (akin to the English "cane") referring to a reed. Reeds were used for measurement, and in Latin and later Greek the word "canon" meant a rule or a standard. The establishment of a canon of scriptures within Christianity was meant to define a standard or a rule for the religion. The above non-technical academic usages stem from this instance of a defined and accepted body of work. Alongside this usage was the promulgation of "canons" ("rules") for the government of the Catholic Church. The usages relating to religious law derive from this use of the Latin "canon". It may also be related to arabic "qanun" (law). Hackers invest this term with a playfulness that makes an ironic contrast with its historical meaning. A true story: One Bob Sjoberg, new at the {MIT AI Lab}, expressed some annoyance at the incessant use of jargon. Over his loud objections, {GLS} and {RMS} made a point of using as much of it as possible in his presence, and eventually it began to sink in. Finally, in one conversation, he used the word "canonical" in jargon-like fashion without thinking. Steele: "Aha! We've finally got you talking jargon too!" Stallman: "What did he say?" Steele: "Bob just used "canonical" in the canonical way." Of course, canonicality depends on context, but it is implicitly defined as the way *hackers* normally expect things to be. Thus, a hacker may claim with a straight face that "according to religious law" is *not* the canonical meaning of "canonical". (2002-02-06)

can't happen "programming" The traditional program comment for code executed under a condition that should never be true, for example a file size computed as negative. Often, such a condition being true indicates data corruption or a faulty {algorithm}; it is almost always handled by emitting a fatal error message and terminating or crashing, since there is little else that can be done. Some case variant of "can't happen" is also often the text emitted if the "impossible" error actually happens. Although "can't happen" events are genuinely infrequent in production code, programmers wise enough to check for them habitually are often surprised at how frequently they are triggered during development and how many headaches checking for them turns out to head off. See also {firewall code}, {professional programming}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-05-10)

Cantor 1. "person, mathematics" A mathematician. Cantor devised the diagonal proof of the uncountability of the {real numbers}: Given a function, f, from the {natural numbers} to the {real numbers}, consider the real number r whose binary expansion is given as follows: for each natural number i, r's i-th digit is the complement of the i-th digit of f(i). Thus, since r and f(i) differ in their i-th digits, r differs from any value taken by f. Therefore, f is not {surjective} (there are values of its result type which it cannot return). Consequently, no function from the natural numbers to the reals is surjective. A further theorem dependent on the {axiom of choice} turns this result into the statement that the reals are uncountable. This is just a special case of a diagonal proof that a function from a set to its {power set} cannot be surjective: Let f be a function from a set S to its power set, P(S) and let U = { x in S: x not in f(x) }. Now, observe that any x in U is not in f(x), so U != f(x); and any x not in U is in f(x), so U != f(x): whence U is not in { f(x) : x in S }. But U is in P(S). Therefore, no function from a set to its power-set can be surjective. 2. "language" An {object-oriented language} with {fine-grained concurrency}. [Athas, Caltech 1987. "Multicomputers: Message Passing Concurrent Computers", W. Athas et al, Computer 21(8):9-24 (Aug 1988)]. (1997-03-14)

capitalize ::: v. t. --> To convert into capital, or to use as capital.
To compute, appraise, or assess the capital value of (a patent right, an annuity, etc.)
To print in capital letters, or with an initial capital.

Captain Crunch 1. "person" ("Cap'n Crunch") An early 1970s {hacker}/{phreaker}/{phacker} who used a free whistle included with "Cap'n Crunch" breakfast cereal to fake pay phone system tones and make large quantities of free phone calls. Also alludes to "{crunch}". {(http://well.com/user/crunch/)}. 2. (After the above) {wardialer}. 3. Reportedly, a program which {crash}es a computer by overloading the {interrupt} {stack}. (1998-08-25)

CAPTCHA "security" A type of test used to determine whether a request to a {website} comes from a human or a computer program, typically by asking the user to perform some kind of {image recognition} task such as reading distorted text. The term was coined in 2000 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas J. Hopper (all of {Carnegie Mellon University}) and John Langford (of {IBM}) as a contrived acronym for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart". CAPTCHA aims to prevent software tools from performing actions which might degrade the service, such as registering user accounts or automating the playing of a game. (2009-01-02)

Carnegie Mellon University "body, education" (CMU) A university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. {School of Computer Science (http://cs.cmu.edu/Web/FrontDoor.html)}. (1997-06-23)

carrier scanner "security" (Or "wardialer") A program which uses a {modem} to dial a series of phone numbers (say, from 770-0000 to 770-9999), and keeps a log of what phone numbers answer with a modem {carrier}. The results of such a search were generally used by people looking to engage in {random} mischief in {random} machines. Since the 1980s, wardialers have generally fallen into disuse, partly because of easily available "{caller ID}" technology, partly because fax machines are now in wide use and would often be logged as a {carrier} by a wardialer, and partly because there are so many new and more interesting venues for computerised mischief these days. (1997-03-16)

CASE 1. {Computer Aided Software Engineering}. 2. {Common Application Service Element}.

CAST {Computer Aided Software Testing}

CATE {Computer Aided Test Engineering}

CA-Telon "application" A {Computer Aided Software Engineering} (CASE) tool for designing, generating and maintaining {COBOL} and {PL/I} {application programs}. Telon was developed by {Pansophic} Systems who were bought by {Computer Associates} in 1991, whereupon it was renamed CA-Telon. It supports high-level, non-{prodedural} design and prototyping, combined with automatic {code generation}. There are {mainframe} and {PC} versions. The generated COBOL applications can execute in {AIX}, {HP-UX}, {VSE}, {OS/400} for the {AS/400}, {PC-DOS}, or {OS/2}. (2000-01-19)

cathode ray tube "hardware" (CRT) An electrical device for displaying images by exciting phosphor dots with a scanned electron beam. CRTs are found in computer {VDUs} and {monitors}, televisions and oscilloscopes. The first commercially practical CRT was perfected on 29 January 1901 by Allen B DuMont. A large glass envelope containing a negative electrode (the cathode) emits electrons (formerly called "cathode rays") when heated, as in a {vacuum tube}. The electrons are accelerated across a large voltage gradient toward the flat surface of the tube (the screen) which is covered with phosphor. When an electron strikes the phosphor, light is emitted. The electron beam is deflected by electromagnetic coils around the outside of the tube so that it scans across the screen, usually in horizontal stripes. This scan pattern is known as a {raster}. By controlling the current in the beam, the brightness at any particular point (roughly a "{pixel}") can be varied. Different phosphors have different "{persistence}" - the length of time for which they glow after being struck by electrons. If the scanning is done fast enough, the eye sees a steady image, due to both the persistence of the phospor and of the eye itself. CRTs also differ in their {dot pitch}, which determines their spatial {resolution}, and in whether they use {interlace} or not. (1994-11-17)

cationic cocktail "hardware" (Or "Downy cocktail") Diluted fabric softener sprayed on computer room carpets to prevent static electricity from being built up by feet shuffling on carpet. The {canonical} cationic cocktail is one part unscented liquid fabric softener (in the US, usually "Downy" brand) to five parts water. "Cationic" is the chemical term for the most common active ingredient in fabric softeners. The use of the term "cocktail" may be influenced by its use in other jargons, especially pharmacological and chemical, to denote a mixture which, like cationic cocktail, typically contains no alcohol and would be unwise to drink. (1998-04-04)

CAYLEY "symbolic mathematics, tool" A {symbolic mathematics} system for {group theory} written by John Cannon of the {University of Sydney}, Australia in 1976. Cayley was used at about 100 sites but has been superseded by a much more general system, {Magma}. ["An Introduction to the Group Theory Language CAYLEY", J. Cannon, Computational Group Theory, M.D. Atkinson ed, Academic Press 1984, pp. 148-183]. (2000-09-03)

CBT {Computer-Based Training}

CCL 1. Coral Common LISP. 2. Computer Control Language. English-like query language based on COLINGO, for IBM 1401 and IBM 1410.

CCS 1. "networking" {Common Communication Services}. 2. "language, parallel" {Calculus of Communicating Systems}. 3. "history" {Computer Conservation Society}. 4. "storage, standard" {Common Command Set}. 5. "communications" {centum call second}.

CCTA The Government Centre for Information Systems. (Originally "Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency"). CCTA is part of the Office of Public Service and Science, which works to improve government's services to the public. They are responsible for stimulating and promoting the effective use of Information Systems in support of the efficient delivery of business objectives and improved quality of services by the public sector. CCTA had to change its name as it was not an agency in the "Next Steps" sense. The letters were retained as customers were familiar with them. {(http://open.gov.uk/)}. E-mail: "info@open.gov.uk". Address: Norwich, UK. (1995-01-18)

CDC 6600 "computer" A {mainframe} computer from {Control Data Corporation}, first delivered in 1964. It is generally considered to be the first successful {supercomputer}, about three times faster than {STRETCH}. Its successor was the {CDC 7600}. (2007-03-01)

CDL 1. Computer Definition [Design?] Language. A hardware description language. "Computer Organisation and Microprogramming", Yaohan Chu, P-H 1970. 2. Command Definition Language. Portion of ICES used to implement commands. Sammet 1969, p.618-620. 3. Compiler Description Language. C.H.A. Koster, 1969. Intended for implementation of the rules of an affix grammar by recursive procedures. A procedure may be a set of tree-structured alternatives, each alternative is executed until one successfully exits. Used in a portable COBOL-74 compiler from MPB, mprolog system from SzKI, and the Mephisto chess computer. "CDL: A Compiler Implementation Language", in Methods of Algorithmic Language Implementation, C.H.A. Koster, LNCS 47, Springer 1977, pp.341-351. "Using the CDL Compiler Compiler", C.H.A. Koster, 1974. Versions: CDL2, CDLM used at Manchester. 4. Common Design Language. "Common Design Language", IBM, Software Engineering Inst, Sept 1983. 5. Control Definition Language. Ideas which contributed to Smalltalk. ["Control Structures for Programming Languges", David A. Fisher, PhD Thesis, CMU 1970].

CEI-PACT Central European Initiative on Parallel Computation.

Celeron "processor" {Intel Corporation}'s trade name for its family of {Pentium II} {microprocessors} meant for use in low-end computers. The Celeron is constructed on the 0.25 micron Deschutes base. {Clock rates} of 266, 300 and 333 {MHz} are supported. It is built on the same {daughterboard} as the Pentium II without the black plastic case and {heat sink}. Four Celeron models are in production as of October 1998. The 266 and 300 MHz models are essentially Pentium II {CPUs} without the Level 2 {cache} {RAM}. The 300A and 333 MHz Celerons include 128k of Level 2 cache. A special mounting bracket on the motherboard is used to secure the Celeron in place in its standard 242-pin Slot 1 socket. Intel calls the caseless design SEPP (Single Edge Processor Package) to differentiate it from the Pentium II SEC (Single Edge Cartridge). Some believe that the real purpose for the different mounting configurations is to prevent users from placing lower cost processors onto Pentium II motherboards. A Celeron is about one third the cost of a similar speed Pentium II. Hardware {hackers} claim that the Celeron 300 without Level 2 cache could be {overclocked} to perform as well as a Pentium II at a fraction of the price. {(http://intel.com/Celeron/)}. {Tom's Hardware (http://www2.tomshardware.com/cpuslot1.html)}. (1998-10-06)

CELIP "language" A cellular language for {image processing}. ["CELIP: A cellular Language for Image Processing", W. Hasselbring "willi@informatik.uni-essen.de", Parallel Computing 14:99-109 (1990)]. (1994-12-05)

cellular multiprocessing "architecture, parallel" (CMP) The partitioning of {processors} into separate computing environments running different {operating systems}. The term cellular multiprocessing appears to have been coined by {Unisys}, who are developing a system where computers communicate as clustered machines through a high speed {bus}, rather than through communication {protocols} such as {TCP/IP}. The Unisys system is based on {Intel} processors, initially the {Pentium II Xeon} and moving on to the 64-bit {Merced} processors later in 1999. It will be scalable from four up to 32 processors, which can be clustered or partitioned in various ways. For example a sixteen processor system could be configured as four {Windows NT} systems (each functioning as a four-processor {symmetric multiprocessing} system), or an 8-way NT and 8-way {Unix} system. Supported operating systems will be {Windows NT}, {SCO}'s {Unixware} 7.0, Unisys' {SVR4} {Unix} and possibly the OS2200 and MCP-AS {mainframe} operating systems (with the assistance of Unisys' own dedicated {chipset}). {(http://marketplace.unisys.com/ent/cmp.html)}. (1998-09-09)

Cellular Neural Network "architecture" (CNN) The CNN Universal Machine is a low cost, low power, extremely high speed {supercomputer} on a chip. It is at least 1000 times faster than equivalent {DSP} solutions of many complex {image processing} tasks. It is a stored program supercomputer where a complex sequence of image processing {algorithms} is programmed and downloaded into the chip, just like any digital computer. Because the entire computer is integrated into a chip, no signal leaves the chip until the image processing task is completed. Although the CNN universal chip is based on analogue and logic operating principles, it has an on-chip analog-to-digital input-output interface so that at the system design and application perspective, it can be used as a digital component, just like a DSP. In particular, a development system is available for rapid design and prototyping. Moreover, a {compiler}, an {operating system}, and a {user-friendly} CNN {high-level language}, like the {C} language, have been developed which makes it easy to implement any image processing algorithm. [Professor Leon Chua, University of California at Berkeley]. (1995-04-27)

CELP "language" Computationally Extended Logic Programming. ["Computationally Extended Logic Programming", M.C. Rubenstein et al, Comp Langs 12(1):1-7 (1987)]. (1995-04-27)

central processing unit "architecture, processor" (CPU, processor) The part of a computer which controls all the other parts. Designs vary widely but the CPU generally consists of the {control unit}, the {arithmetic and logic unit} (ALU), {registers}, temporary {buffers} and various other logic. The control unit fetches {instructions} from memory and decodes them to produce signals which control the other parts of the computer. These signals cause it to transfer data between memory and ALU or to activate {peripherals} to perform input or output. Various types of memory, including {cache}, {RAM} and {ROM}, are often considered to be part of the CPU, particularly in modern {microprocessors} where a single {integrated circuit} may contain one or more processors as well as any or all of the above types of memory. The CPU, and any of these components that are in separate chips, are usually all located on the same {printed circuit board}, known as the {motherboard}. This in turn is located in the {system unit} (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "CPU"). A {parallel computer} has several CPUs which may share other resources such as memory and peripherals. The term "processor" has to some extent replaced "CPU", though RAM and ROM are not logically part of the processor. {List of processors (http://lldn.timesys.com/complete_list_of_processors)}. (2007-04-02)

Centronics "company, hardware, printer" A company in Hudson N.H., USA, best known for designing the {parallel interface} for printers with the same name, found on many {microcomputers}. [Pin-out?] (1998-03-15)

Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI, Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science) An independent research institute active in the fields of mathematics and computer science. CWI also aims to transfer new knowledge in these fields to society, trade and industry CWI is funded for 70 percent by NWO, the National Organisation for Scientific Research. The remaining 30 percent is obtained through national and international programmes and contract research commissioned by industry. Address: Kruislaan 413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; P.O.Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Telephone: +31 (20) 5929 333. {(http://cwi.nl/)}. {(ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/)}.

CERN "body" The European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Swizerland. Sir {Tim Berners-Lee} invented the {World-Wide Web} while working at CERN. Other notable computing developments at CERN include {ADAMO}, {Application Software Installation Server}, {CERNLIB}, {cfortran.h}, {CHEOPS}, {CICERO}, {Cortex}, {EMDIR}, {HBOOK}, {LIGHT}, {NFT}, {PATCHY}, {PL-11}, {Schoonschip}, {SHIFT}, and {ZEBRA}. {CERN Home (http://cern.ch/)}. (2004-10-24)

CERT {Computer Emergency Response Team}

CFD {Computational Fluid Dynamics}

cfortran.h "library" A {transparent}, machine independent interface between {C} and {Fortran} routines and {global data}, developed by Burkhard Burow at CERN. It provides {macros} which allow the {C} {preprocessor} to translate a simple description of a C (Fortran) routine or global data into a Fortran (C) interface. Version 2.6 runs on {VAX}/{VMS}/{Ultrix}, {DECstation}, {Silicon Graphics}, {IBM} {RS/6000}, {Sun}, {Cray}, {Apollo}, {HP9000}, {LynxOS}, {f2c}, {NAG f90}. {(ftp://zebra.desy.de/cfortran/)}. cfortran.h was reviewed in RS/Magazine November 1992 and a user's experiences with cfortran.h are described in the Jan 93 issue of Computers in Physics. (1992-04-12)

CGI 1. "web" {Common Gateway Interface}. 2. "graphics" {computer-generated imagery}. 3. "company" A French {software engineering} vendor in the US. 4. "company" {Computer Generation Incorporated}.

CGM {Computer Graphics Metafile}

chad "jargon, printer" /chad/ (Or "selvage" /sel'v*j/ (sewing and weaving), "{perf}", "perfory", "snaf"). 1. The perforated edge strips on paper for {sprocket feed} printers, after they have been separated from the printed portion. The term {perf} may also refer to the perforations themselves, rather than the chad they produce when torn. [Why "snaf"?] 2. (Or "chaff", "computer confetti", "keypunch droppings") The confetti-like bits punched out of {punched cards} or {paper tape} which collected in the {chad box}. One of the {Jargon File}'s correspondents believed that "chad" derived from the {chadless keypunch}. [{Jargon File}] (1997-07-18)

chain 1. "operating system" (From {BASIC}'s "CHAIN" statement) To pass control to a child or successor without going through the {operating system} {command interpreter} that invoked you. The state of the parent program is lost and there is no returning to it. Though this facility used to be common on memory-limited {microcomputers} and is still widely supported for {backward compatibility}, the jargon usage is semi-obsolescent; in particular, {Unix} calls this {exec}. Compare with the more modern "{subshell}". 2. "programming" A series of linked data areas within an {operating system} or {application program}. "Chain rattling" is the process of repeatedly running through the linked data areas searching for one which is of interest. The implication is that there are many links in the chain. 3. "theory" A possibly infinite, non-decreasing sequence of elements of some {total ordering}, S x0 "= x1 "= x2 ... A chain satisfies: for all x,y in S, x "= y \/ y "= x. I.e. any two elements of a chain are related. (""=" is written in {LaTeX} as {\sqsubseteq}). [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-03)

channel service unit "communications" (CSU) A type of {interface} used to connect a {terminal} or computer to a digital medium in the same way that a {modem} is used for connection to an analogue medium. A CSU is provided by the {communication carrier} to customers who wish to use their own equipment to retime and regenerate the incoming signals. The customer must supply all of the transmit logic, receive logic and timing recovery in order to use the CSU, whereas a {digital service unit} DSU performs these functions. (1995-01-30)

chaos "mathematics" A property of some {non-linear dynamic systems} which exhibit sensitive dependence on initial conditions. This means that there are initial states which evolve within some finite time to states whose separation in one or more dimensions of {state space} depends, in an average sense, exponentially on their initial separation. Such systems may still be completely {deterministic} in that any future state of the system depends only on the initial conditions and the equations describing the change of the system with time. It may, however, require arbitrarily high precision to actually calculate a future state to within some finite precision. ["On defining chaos", R. Glynn Holt "rgholt@voyager.jpl.nasa.gov" and D. Lynn Holt "lholt@seraph1.sewanee.edu". {(ftp://mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/ippe/preprints/Phil_of_Science/Holt_and_Holt.On_Defining_Chaos)}] Fixed precision {floating-point} arithmetic, as used by most computers, may actually introduce chaotic dependence on initial conditions due to the accumulation of rounding errors (which constitutes a non-linear system). (1995-02-07)

character "character" A {letter} of some alphabet (either upper case or lower case), a {digit}, a {punctuation} or other symbol or a {control character}. In a computer, a character is represented as an {integer}. What character is represented by what integer is determined by the current {character set}. For example, in the {ASCII} character set, "A" is 65. These integers are then stored as a sequence of {bytes} according to a {character encoding}. The character set and encoding is usually implicit in the environment in which the character is being interpreted but it may be specified explicitly, e.g. to convert input to some standard internal representation. A sequence of characters is a (character) {string}. Compare with {glyph}. (1998-10-18)

Charles Babbage "person" The British inventor known to some as the "Father of Computing" for his contributions to the basic design of the computer through his {Analytical Engine}. His previous {Difference Engine} was a special purpose device intended for the production of mathematical tables. Babbage was born on December 26, 1791 in Teignmouth, Devonshire UK. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1814 and graduated from Peterhouse. In 1817 he received an MA from Cambridge and in 1823 started work on the Difference Engine through funding from the British Government. In 1827 he published a table of {logarithms} from 1 to 108000. In 1828 he was appointed to the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge (though he never presented a lecture). In 1831 he founded the British Association for the Advancement of Science and in 1832 he published "Economy of Manufactures and Machinery". In 1833 he began work on the Analytical Engine. In 1834 he founded the Statistical Society of London. He died in 1871 in London. Babbage also invented the cowcatcher, the dynamometer, standard railroad gauge, uniform postal rates, occulting lights for lighthouses, Greenwich time signals, and the heliograph opthalmoscope. He also had an interest in cyphers and lock-picking. [Adapted from the text by J. A. N. Lee, Copyright September 1994]. Babbage, as (necessarily) the first person to work with machines that can attack problems at arbitrary levels of {abstraction}, fell into a trap familiar to {toolsmiths} since, as described here by the English ethicist, Lord Moulton: "One of the sad memories of my life is a visit to the celebrated mathematician and inventor, Mr Babbage. He was far advanced in age, but his mind was still as vigorous as ever. He took me through his work-rooms. In the first room I saw parts of the original Calculating Machine, which had been shown in an incomplete state many years before and had even been put to some use. I asked him about its present form. 'I have not finished it because in working at it I came on the idea of my {Analytical Machine}, which would do all that it was capable of doing and much more. Indeed, the idea was so much simpler that it would have taken more work to complete the Calculating Machine than to design and construct the other in its entirety, so I turned my attention to the Analytical Machine.'" "After a few minutes' talk, we went into the next work-room, where he showed and explained to me the working of the elements of the Analytical Machine. I asked if I could see it. 'I have never completed it,' he said, 'because I hit upon an idea of doing the same thing by a different and far more effective method, and this rendered it useless to proceed on the old lines.' Then we went into the third room. There lay scattered bits of mechanism, but I saw no trace of any working machine. Very cautiously I approached the subject, and received the dreaded answer, 'It is not constructed yet, but I am working on it, and it will take less time to construct it altogether than it would have token to complete the Analytical Machine from the stage in which I left it.' I took leave of the old man with a heavy heart." "When he died a few years later, not only had he constructed no machine, but the verdict of a jury of kind and sympathetic scientific men who were deputed to pronounce upon what he had left behind him, either in papers or in mechanism, was that everything was too incomplete of be capable of being put to any useful purpose." [Lord Moulton, "The invention of algorithms, its genesis, and growth", in G. C. Knott, ed., "Napier tercentenary memorial volume" (London, 1915), p. 1-24; quoted in Charles Babbage "Passage from the Life of a Philosopher", Martin Campbell-Kelly, ed. (Rutgers U. Press and IEEE Press, 1994), p. 34]. Compare: {uninteresting}, {Ninety-Ninety Rule}. (1996-02-22)

CHARM "language" An explicitly {parallel programming language} based on {C}, for both shared and nonshared {MIMD} computers. {(ftp://a.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/CHARM)}. Mailing list: "charm@cs.uiuc.edu". ["The CHARM(3.2) Programming Language Manual", UIUC, Dec 1992]. (2006-04-29)

chase pointers "programming" To determine a chain of memory locations where each location holds a pointer to the next, starting from some initial pointer, e.g. traversing a {linked list} or other {graph} structure. This may be performed by a computer executing a program or by a programmer going through a {core dump} or using a debugger. [{Jargon File}] (2006-05-06)

checksum "storage, communications" A computed value which depends on the contents of a block of data and which is transmitted or stored along with the data in order to detect corruption of the data. The receiving system recomputes the checksum based upon the received data and compares this value with the one sent with the data. If the two values are the same, the receiver has some confidence that the data was received correctly. The checksum may be 8 bits (modulo 256 sum), 16, 32, or some other size. It is computed by summing the bytes or words of the data block ignoring {overflow}. The checksum may be negated so that the total of the data words plus the checksum is zero. {Internet} {packets} use a 32-bit checksum. See also {digital signature}, {cyclic redundancy check}. (1996-03-01)

chemist "jargon" (Cambridge) Someone who wastes computer time on {number crunching} when you'd far rather the computer were working out anagrams of your name or printing Snoopy calendars or running {life} patterns. May or may not refer to someone who actually studies chemistry. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-07)

chicken head "graphics, abuse" The {Commodore} Business Machines logo, which strongly resembles a poultry part. Rendered in {ASCII} as "C=". With the arguable exception of the {Amiga}, Commodore's computers are notoriously crocky little {bitty box}es (see also {PETSCII}). Thus, this usage may owe something to Philip K. Dick's novel "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" (the basis for the movie "Blade Runner"; the novel is now sold under that title), in which a "chickenhead" is a mutant with below-average intelligence. [{Jargon File}] (2006-07-12)

chiclet keyboard "hardware, abuse" A {keyboard} with a small, flat rectangular or lozenge-shaped rubber or plastic keys that look like pieces of Chiclets chewing gum. Used especially to describe the original {IBM PCjr} keyboard. Vendors unanimously liked these because they were cheap, and a lot of early {portable} and {laptop computers} were launched with them. Customers rejected the idea with almost equal unanimity, and chiclets are not often seen on anything larger than a digital watch any more. [{Jargon File}] (1997-05-16)

CHIP-8 "language, games" A low-level {interpretive language} (really a high-level {machine code}) developed at {RCA} in the late 1970s for {video games} on computers using {RCA}'s {CDP1802} processor. It could also be used on the {DREAM 6800}. {Amiga interpreter (ftp://ftp.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/amiga/fish/f5/ff537/CHIP8.lzh)}. (2002-04-09)

Chip Jewelry "jargon" A euphamism for old computers destined to be scrapped or turned into decorative ornaments. "I paid three grand for that {Mac SE}, and now it's nothing but chip jewelry." (1997-03-30)

Chips & Technologies "company" A former leading distributor and supplier of {integrated circuits} and {software} to {personal computer} manufacturers. As well as semiconductors they also made {flat panel displays}, {video controllers} and other computer related products. In 1998, {Intel Corporation} bought Chips and Technologies for their flat panel controllers. In January 2000, {Asiliant Technologies} licensed the rights from Intel to continue to manufacturer and sell Chips and Technologies components. Address: 2950 Zanker Road, San Jose, California 95134, USA. (2006-09-19)

Christopher Strachey "person" Professor of Computation at Oxford, England, born 1916, died May 1975. He invented the term "{currying}". See also: {General Purpose Macro-generator}. (1998-06-29)

CIM 1. "application" {Computer Integrated Manufacturing}. 2. "standard" {Common Information Model}.

Cinderella Book "publication" "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation", by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullman, (Addison-Wesley, 1979). So called because the cover depicts a girl (putatively Cinderella) sitting in front of a Rube Goldberg device and holding a rope coming out of it. On the back cover, the device is in shambles after she has (inevitably) pulled on the rope. See also {book titles}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-12-03)

CIP Language language" (CIP-L, Computer-aided Intuition-guided Programming Language) A {wide-spectrum language} for incremental {program transformation}. There are {ALGOL}- and {Pascal}-like variants. ["The Munich Project CIP, v.I: The Wide Spectrum Language CIP-L", LNCS 183, Springer 1984. Version: CIP85]. (2006-09-20)

CISC {Complex Instruction Set Computer}

CJKV "character" {CJK} plus {Vietnamese}. Vietnamese, like the other three CJK languages, requires 16-bit {character encodings} but it does not use {Han characters}. ["CJKV Information Processing: Chinese, Japanese, Korean & Vietnamese Computing", Ken Lunde, pub. O'Reilly 1998, {(http://oreilly.com/catalog/cjkvinfo/)}]. (2001-03-18)

C "language" A programming language designed by {Dennis Ritchie} at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C is known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book. A modified version has been {standardised (standard)} as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01)

C* "language, parallel" An {object-oriented}, {data-parallel} superset of {ANSI C} with synchronous {semantics}, for the {Connection Machine}, designed by {Thinking Machines}, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "{Parallel C}" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-14)

Claris "company" A subsidiary company of {Apple Computer, Inc.}. In January 1998, Apple restructured Claris to concentrate on their {FileMaker} line of {database} {software} and changed the company's name to {FileMaker, Inc.}. (1998-02-18)

CLASP {Computer Language for AeronauticS and Programming}

class hierarchy "programming" In {object-oriented programming}, a set of {classes} related by {inheritance}. Each class is a "subclass" of another class - its "superclass". The subclass contains all the features of its superclass, but may add new features or redefine existing features. The features of a class are the set of {attributes} (or "properties") that an object of that class has and the {methods} that can be invoked on it. If each class has a just one superclass, this is called {single inheritance}. The opposite is {multiple inheritance}, under which a class may have multiple superclasses. Single inheritance gives the class hierarchy a {tree} structure whereas multiple inheritance gives a {directed graph}. Typically there is one class at the top of the hierarchy which is the "object" class, the most general class that is an ancestor of all others and which has no superclass. In computing, as in genealogy, trees grow downwards, which is why subclasses are considered to be "below" their superclasses. When {invoking a method} on an {object}, the method is first looked for in the object's class, then the superclass of that class, and so on up the hierarchy until it is found. Thus a class need only define those methods which are specific to it and it will inherit all other methods from all its superclasses. An object of the subclass can do everything that an object of the superclass can and possible more. {C++} calls the superclass the "base class" and the subclass the "derived class" (not to be confused with a {derived type}). (2014-09-06)

classic "jargon" An adjective used before or after a noun to describe the original version of something, especially if the original is considered to be better. Examples include "Star Trek Classic" - the original TV series as opposed to the films, ST The Next Generation or any of the other spin-offs and follow-ups; or "PC Classic" - {IBM}'s {ISA}-bus computers as opposed to the {PS/2} series. (1996-10-27)

CLEAR "language" A {specification language} based on {initial algebras}. ["An Informal Introduction to Specification Using CLEAR", R.M. Burstall in The Correctness Problem in Computer Science, R.S. Boyer et al eds, Academic Press 1981, pp. 185-213]. (1994-11-03)

client "programming" A computer system or process that requests a service of another computer system or process (a "{server}") using some kind of {protocol} and accepts the server's responses. A client is part of a {client-server} software architecture. For example, a {workstation} requesting the contents of a file from a {file server} is a client of the file server. (1997-10-27)

CLISP "language" 1. A {Common Lisp} implementation by {Bruno Haible (http://haible.de/bruno/)} of {Karlsruhe University} and {Michael Stoll (http://math.uni-duesseldorf.de/~stoll/)}. of {Munich University}, both in Germany. CLISP includes an {interpreter}, {bytecode compiler}, almost all of the {CLOS} {object system}, a {foreign language interface} and a {socket interface}. An {X11} interface is available through {CLX} and {Garnet}. Command line editing is provided by the {GNU} readline library. CLISP requires only 2 MB of {RAM}. The {user interface} comes in German, English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Russian and can be changed at {run time}. CLISP is {Free Software} and distributed under the {GPL}. It runs on {microcomputers} ({OS/2}, {Microsoft Windows}, {Amiga}, {Acorn}) as well as on {Unix} workstations ({Linux}, {BSD}, {SVR4}, {Sun4}, {Alpha}, {HP-UX}, {NeXTstep}, {SGI}, {AIX}, {Sun3} and others). {Official web page (http://clisp.cons.org)}. {Mailing list (http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/clisp-list)}. (2003-08-04) 2. {Conversational LISP}. (2019-11-21)

Clive Sinclair "person" Sir Clive Sinclair (1939- ) The British inventor who pioneered the home {microcomputer} market in the early 1980s, with the introduction of low-cost, easy to use, {8-bit} computers produced by his company, {Sinclair Research}. Sir Clive also invented and produced a variety of electronic devices from the 1960s to 1990s, including pocket calculators (he marketed the first pocket calculator in the world), radios and televisions. Perhaps he is most famous (or some might say notorious) for his range electric vehicles, especially the Sinclair C5, introduced in 1985. He has been a member of MENSA, the high IQ society, since 1962. {Planet Sinclair (http://nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/)}. ["The Sinclair Story", Rodney Dale, pub. Duckworth 1985] (1998-11-09)

clock "processor" A circuit in a {processor} that generates a regular sequence of electronic pulses used to synchronise operations of the processor's components. The time between pulses is the {cycle time} and the number of pulses per second is the {clock rate} (or frequency). The execution times of instructions on a computer are usually measured by a number of clock cycles rather than seconds. {Clock rates} for various models of the computer may increase as technology improves, and it is usually the relative times one is interested in when discussing the {instruction set}. (1994-12-16)

clock rate "processor, benchmark" The fundamental rate in {cycles} per second at which a computer performs its most basic operations such as adding two numbers or transfering a value from one {register} to another. The clock rate of a computer is normally determined by the frequency of a crystal. The original {IBM PC}, circa 1981, had a clock rate of 4.77 MHz (almost five million cycles/second). As of 1995, {Intel}'s Pentium chip runs at 100 MHz (100 million cycles/second). The clock rate of a computer is only useful for providing comparisons between computer chips in the same {processor family}. An {IBM PC} with an {Intel 486} {CPU} running at 50 MHz will be about twice as fast as one with the same CPU, memory and display running at 25 MHz. However, there are many other factors to consider when comparing different computers. Clock rate should not be used when comparing different computers or different processor families. Rather, some {benchmark} should be used. Clock rate can be very misleading, since the amount of work different computer chips can do in one cycle varies. For example, {RISC} CPUs tend to have simpler instructions than {CISC} CPUs (but higher clock rates) and {pipelined} processors execute more than one instruction per cycle. (1995-01-12)

clone "jargon" 1. An exact copy of a product, made legally or illegally, from {documentation} or by {reverse engineering}, and usually cheaper. E.g. "PC clone": a PC-BUS/{ISA}, {EISA}, {VESA}, or {PCI} compatible {x86}-based {microcomputer} (this use is sometimes misspelled "klone" or "PClone"). These invariably have much more bang per buck than the {IB PCM} they resemble. E.g. "Unix clone": An {operating system} designed to deliver a {Unix}-like environment without Unix licence fees or with additional "mission-critical" features such as support for {real-time} programming. 2. "chat" A {clonebot}. [{Jargon File}] (2000-06-15)

cloud computing "architecture" A loosely defined term for any system providing access via the {Internet} to processing power, storage, software or other computing services, often via a {web browser}. Typically these services will be rented from an external company that hosts and manages them. (2009-04-21)

cloud {cloud computing}

clustergeeking "jargon" /kluh'st*r-gee"king/ ({CMU}) Spending more time at a computer cluster doing CS homework than most people spend breathing. [{Jargon File}] (1994-12-21)

CMC 1. "messaging" {Computer Mediated Communication}. 2. "hardware" {Common Mezzanine Card}.

CMGA 1. "body" {Computer Management Group of Australia} 2. "body" {Community of Massive Gaming Agency}.

CoCo "computer" The {Tandy} Color Computer with a Motorola {MC6809E} {CPU}. The {Dragon} is a CoCo clone. The CoCo was as powerful as the {IBM XT} at the time it was made, and could run {OS-9}. (1997-02-12)

Coco Language "language" (Cocol) A language for writing left-attributed {LL1 grammars}, used as the input language for the {Coco} LL1 {parser generator}, which produces {Modula-2 table-driven parsers} as output. Cocol-2 is a version for the Coco-2 generator. {Cocol/R} is an improvement over the original Cocol and Cocol-2. {(ftp://neptune.inf.ethz.ch/)}. ["A Compiler Generator for Microcomputers", P. Rechenberg et al, P-H 1989]. (1997-12-09)

Coco/R "tool" A program by Hanspeter Moessenboeck "moessenboeck@ssw.uni-linz.ac.at" which generates {recursive descent parsers} and their associated {scanners} from {attributed grammars} (LL1). Coco/R can {bootstrap} itself to generate its own driver, {parser}, scanner and {semantic evaluator} from an attributed grammar included in the distribution. Versions exist for generating {Oberon}, {Modula-2}, {Pascal}, {C}, and {C++} source for {MS-DOS} and {Unix}. A {Java} implementation was planned. Coco/R was ported to {Modula-2} by Marc Brandis, Christof Brass, and Pat Terry. {(ftp://ftp.ssw.uni-linz.ac.at/pub/Coco)}. Mail server: "server@ftp.psg.com" (Subject: send pub/modula-2/coco/). E-mail: Pat Terry "p.terry@ru.ac.za" (Modula/Pascal versions), Hanspeter Moessenboeck "moessenboeck@ssw.uni-linz.ac.at" (Oberon, Java versions), Frankie Arzu "farzu@uvg.edu.gt" (C, C++ versions). ["A compiler generator for microcomputers", by Rechenberg and Mossenbock, Prentice Hall, 1989, 0-13-155136-1]. [Moessenboeck, H., "A Generator for Fast Compiler Front-Ends", Report 127, Dept. Informatik, ETH Zurich, 1990]. [Terry, P.D., "Compilers and Compiler Generators: An Introduction with C++", ITCP: ISBN 1-85032-298-8]. (1997-12-09)

code 1. "software" Instructions for a computer in some programming language, often {machine language} (machine code). The word "code" is often used to distinguish instructions from {data} (e.g. "The code is marked 'read-only'") whereas the word "{software}" is used in contrast with "{hardware}" and may consist of more than just code. (2000-04-08) 2. "cryptography" Some method of {encryption} or the resulting encrypted message. (2006-11-10)

Code 2.0 "language" A {coarse-grain} {dataflow} language with a graphical interface for users to draw communication structure. {(http://cs.utexas.edu/users/code)}. E-mail: Emery Berger "emery@cs.utexas.edu". ["The CODE 2.0 Parallel Programming Language", P. Newton et al, Proc ACM Intl Conf on Supercomput, Jul 1992]. (1996-01-13)

Code-Generator Generator Language "language" ("seagull") (CGGL) A {machine description language} based on modelling the computer as a {finite-state machine}. ["A Code Generator Generator Language", M.K. Donegan et al, SIGPLAN Notices 14(8):58-64, Aug 1979]. (1994-10-24)

code grinder "jargon, abuse" A {suit}-wearing minion of the sort hired in legion strength by banks and insurance companies in the {Real World} to implement payroll packages in {RPG} and other such unspeakable horrors. In its native habitat, the code grinder often removes the suit jacket to reveal an underplumage consisting of button-down shirt (starch optional) and a tie. In times of dire stress, the sleeves (if long) may be rolled up and the tie loosened about half an inch. It seldom helps. The {code grinder}'s milieu is about as far from hackerdom as one can get and still touch a computer; the term connotes pity. Used of or to a {hacker}, this term is a really serious slur on the person's creative ability; it connotes a design style characterised by primitive technique, rule-boundedness, {brute force} and utter lack of imagination. Compare {card walloper}. Contrast {real programmer}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-11-11)

codes 1. "jargon" Programs. This usage is common among scientific computing people who use {supercumputers} for heavy-duty {number crunching}. 2. "cryptography" Something to do with {cryptography}. [{Jargon File}] (1994-10-28)

cognitive architecture "architecture" A computer architecure involving {non-deterministic}, multiple {inference} processes, as found in {neural networks}. Cognitive architectures model the human brain and contrast with single processor computers. The term might also refer to software architectures, e.g. {fuzzy logic}. [Origin? Better definition? Reference?] (1995-11-29)

Coherent Parallel C "language" A {data parallel} version of {C}. ["Coherent Parallel C", E. Felten et al in Third Conf on Hypercube Concurrent Computers and Appls, ACM, 1988, pp. 440-450]. (1995-01-04)

COIF "language" {Fortran} with {interactive} graphic extensions for {circuit design}, on {UNIVAC 1108}. ["An Interactive Software System for Computer-Aided Design: An Application to Circuit Projects", CACM 9(13), Sep 1970]. (1995-01-04)

COLD 1. "language" A {sugar}ed version of {COLD-K}. 2. "storage" Computer Output to Laser Disk - see {Enterprise Report Management}. (2007-07-24)

Colossus (A huge and ancient statue on the Greek island of Rhodes). 1. "computer" The Colossus and Colossus Mark II computers used by {Alan Turing} at {Bletchley Park}, UK during the Second World War to crack the "Tunny" cipher produced by the Lorenz SZ 40 and SZ 42 machines. Colossus was a semi-fixed-program {vacuum tube} calculator (unlike its near-contemporary, the freely programmable {Z3}). ["Breaking the enemy's code", Glenn Zorpette, IEEE Spectrum, September 1987, pp. 47-51.] 2. The computer in the 1970 film, "Colossus: The Forbin Project". Forbin is the designer of a computer that will run all of America's nuclear defences. Shortly after being turned on, it detects the existence of Goliath, the Soviet counterpart, previously unknown to US Planners. Both computers insist that they be linked, whereupon the two become a new super computer and threaten the world with the immediate launch of nuclear weapons if they are detached. Colossus begins to give its plans for the management of the world under its guidance. Forbin and the other scientists form a technological resistance to Colossus which must operate underground. {The Internet Movie Database (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0064177)}. (2007-01-04)

Columbia AppleTalk Package "networking" (CAP) An implementation of {Apple Computer}'s {AppleTalk} {protocols} for {Unix} {4.2BSD} and its derivatives, from {Columbia University}. There are two different {LAP} delivery mechanisms for: {IPTalk} and {Ethertalk} (possibly using {UAB}). CAP supports the following {AppleTalk} {protocols}: {AppleTalk Transaction Protocol} (ATP), {Name Binding Protocol} (NBP), {Printer Access Protocol} (PAP), {AppleTalk Session Protocol} (ASP), {AppleTalk Filing Protocol} (AFP) client side. In addition, the {Datagram Delivery Protocol} (DDP) and {Zone Information Protocol} (ZIP) are partially available. The structure of the {Internet Appletalk Bridge} software makes it impossible to provide full DDP service. Only the Get Zone List ATP ZIP command is implemented for ZIP. (1995-01-10)

COM 1. "programming" {Component Object Model}. 2. "storage" Computer Output on Microfilm - see {Enterprise Report Management}.

Comdex "business" A computer show that is held twice yearly, once in the spring (in Atlanta) and once in autumn (in Las Vegas). Comdex is a major show during which new releases of software and hardware are made. {Microsoft}, for example, often annouces its products at Comdex. (1995-01-11)

COME FROM "programming, humour" A semi-mythical language construct dual to the "go to"; "COME FROM" "label" would cause the referenced label to act as a sort of {trapdoor}, so that if the program ever reached it, control would quietly and {automagically} be transferred to the statement following the "COME FROM". "COME FROM" was first proposed in R.L. Clark's "A Linguistic Contribution to GOTO-less programming", which appeared in a 1973 {Datamation} issue (and was reprinted in the April 1984 issue of "{Communications of the ACM}"). This parodied the then-raging "{structured programming}" {holy wars} (see {considered harmful}). Mythically, some variants are the "assigned COME FROM" and the "computed COME FROM" (parodying some nasty control constructs in {Fortran} and some extended {BASICs}). Of course, {multitasking} (or {nondeterminism}) could be implemented by having more than one "COME FROM" statement coming from the same label. In some ways the {Fortran} "DO" looks like a "COME FROM" statement. After the terminating statement number/"CONTINUE" is reached, control continues at the statement following the DO. Some generous Fortrans would allow arbitrary statements (other than "CONTINUE") for the statement, leading to examples like:   DO 10 I=1,LIMIT C imagine many lines of code here, leaving the C original DO statement lost in the spaghetti...   WRITE(6,10) I,FROB(I) 10 FORMAT(1X,I5,G10.4) in which the trapdoor is just after the statement labelled 10. (This is particularly surprising because the label doesn't appear to have anything to do with the flow of control at all!) While sufficiently astonishing to the unsuspecting reader, this form of "COME FROM" statement isn't completely general. After all, control will eventually pass to the following statement. The implementation of the general form was left to {Univac Fortran}, ca. 1975 (though a roughly similar feature existed on the {IBM 7040} ten years earlier). The statement "AT 100" would perform a "COME FROM 100". It was intended strictly as a debugging aid, with dire consequences promised to anyone so deranged as to use it in production code. More horrible things had already been perpetrated in production languages, however; doubters need only contemplate the "{ALTER}" verb in {COBOL}. {SCL} on {VME} {mainframes} has a similar language construct called "whenever", used like this: whenever x=123345 then S; Meaning whenever variable x reached the value 123345 then execute statement S. "COME FROM" was supported under its own name for the first time 15 years later, in {C-INTERCAL} (see {INTERCAL}, {retrocomputing}); knowledgeable observers are still reeling from the shock. [{Jargon File}] (1998-04-19)

COMIT II "language" ["Computer Programming with COMIT II", Victor H. Yngve, MIT Press, 1963]. (1995-01-11)

Comma "project" COMputable MAthematics. An {ESPRIT} project at KU {Nijmegen}. (1994-11-30)

Commodore 128 "computer" (C128) An expanded {Commodore 64}, {Commodore Business Machines}' last commercially released 8-bit computer. However, they did prototype the {Commodore 65} and {Commodore SX64}. (1996-06-05)

Commodore 64 "computer" (C64) An 8-bit {Commodore Business Machines} {personal computer} released around September 1981. Prototypes were (apparently) made before Christmas 1980 (and shown at some computer fair). The {CPU} was a {6510} from {MOS Technology} (who were a wholly owned subsiduary of Commodore at this time(?)). The C64 had 64 {kilobytes} of {RAM} as standard and a 40-column text, 320x200 {pixel} display generating {composite video}, usually connected to a television. {DMA}-based memory expanders for the C64 (and C128) allowed 128, 256, and 512 kb of RAM. Several third party manufacturers produce accelerators and RAM expanders for the C64 and C128. (Some, risking a {holy war}, compare this to putting a brick on roller-skates). Such accelerators come in speeds up to 20MHz (20 times the original) and RAM expanders to 16MB. The C64's {1541} 5.25 {floppy disk} drive had a {6502} processor as a {disk controller}. See also {Commodore 65}. ["Assembly language programming with the Commodore 64", Marvin L. De Jong]. (1996-06-05)

Commodore 65 "computer" (Or Commodore 64DX, C65, C64DX) The last 8-bit computer designed by {Commodore Business Machines}, about 1989-1991. The C65 boasts an {ugly} collection of {custom} {integrated circuits} which makes even the {Amiga} hardware look standard. The core of the C65 {chipset} is the {CSG 4510} and {CSG 4569}. The 4510 is a {65CE02} with two {6526} {CIAs}. The 4569 is equivalent to a combination of the {6569} VIC-II and the {MMU} of the {Commodore 64}. The C65 also has a {DMA controller} (Commodore's purpose built {DMAgic}) which also functions as a simple {blitter}, and a {floppy controller} for the internal {Commodore 1581}-like disk drive. The floppy controller, known as the {F011}, supports seven drives (though the {DOS} only supports 2). The {4510} supports all the {C64} {video modes}, plus an 80 column text mode, and {bitplane} modes. The bitplane modes can use up to eight bitplanes, and {resolutions} of up to 1280 x 400. The {palette} is 12-bit like the {Amiga 500}. It also has two SID's (MOS 8580/6581) for stereo audio. The C65 has two busses, D and E, with 64 {kilobytes} of {RAM} on each. The VIC-III can access the D-bus while the CPU accesses the E-bus, and then they can swap around. This effectively makes the whole 8MB {address space} both {chip ram} and {fast ram}. {RAM} expansion is accomplished through a {trap door} slot in the bottom which uses a {grock} of a connector. The C65 has a {C128}-like native mode, where all of the new features are enabled, and the CPU runs at 3.5 megahertz with its {pipeline} enabled. It also has a C64 {incompatibility mode} which offers approx 50-80% compatibility with C64 software by turning off all its {bells and whistles}. The {bells and whistles} can still be accessed from the C64 mode, which is dissimilar to the C128's inescapable C64 mode. Production of the C65 was dropped only a few weeks before it moved from the Alpha stage, possibly due to Commodore's cash shortage. Commodore estimate that "between 50 and 10000" exist. There are at least three in Australia, about 30 in Germany and "some" in the USA and Canada. (1996-04-07)

Commodore Business Machines "company" (CBM) Makers of the {PET}, {Commodore 64}, {Commodore 16}, {Commodore 128}, and {Amiga} {personal computers}. Their logo is a {chicken head}. The Commodore name is controlled by Commodore Licensing BV, now a subsidiary of Asiarim. Commodore USA signed an agreement with Commodore Licensing BV. On 1994-04-29, Commodore International announced that it had been unable to renegotiate terms of outstanding loans and was closing down the business. Commodore US was expected to go into liquidation. Commodore US, France, Spain, and Belgium were liquidated for various reasons. The names Commodore and Amiga were maintained after the liquidation. After 1994, the rights to the Commodore name bounced across several European companies. On 1995-04-21, German retailer {Escom AG} bought Commodore International for $14m and production of the Amiga resumed. Netherlands-based {Tulip Computers} took over the brand. Production of the 8-bit range alledgedly never stopped during the time in liquidation because a Chinese company were producing the {C64} in large numbers for the local market there. In 2004, Tulip sold the Commodore name to another Dutch firm, Yeahronimo, that eventually changed its name to Commodore International. In April 2008 three creditors took the company to court demanding a bankruptcy ruling. On 2010-03-17, Commodore USA announced that it was to release a new PC in June 2010 which looks very similar to the old Commodore 64 but comes with a {Core 2 Duo}, {Core 2 Quad}, {Pentium D} or {Celeron D} processor and with {Ubuntu} {Linux} or {Windows 7} installed. {PC World article (http://pcworld.com/article/192415)}. (2010-09-14)

Commodore "company, computer" {Commodore Business Machines} or one of their computers such as the {Commodore 64}. (2010-09-14)

Commodore SX64 "computer" A "portable" {Commodore 64}. Shaped vaguely like a seat cushion, this cumbersome experiment in transportable computers had a detachable keyboard on one end which, when removed, revealed a 6" {monitor} and a 5 1/4" {floppy disk} drive. The curious combination of a bulky design and microscopic display are the most likely cause for the SX64's discontinuation. [Processor? RAM? Dates?] (1997-10-25)

COmmon Business Oriented Language "language, business" /koh'bol/ (COBOL) A programming language for simple computations on large amounts of data, designed by the {CODASYL} Committee in April 1960. COBOL's {natural language} style is intended to be largely self-documenting. It introduced the {record} structure. COBOL was probably the most widely used programming language during the 1960s and 1970s. Many of the major programs that required repair or replacement due to {Year 2000} {software rot} issues were originally written in COBOL, and this was responsible for a short-lived increased demand for COBOL programmers. Even in 2002 though, new COBOL programs are still being written in some organisations and many old COBOL programs are still running in {dinosaur} shops. Major revisions in 1968 (ANS X3.23-1968), 1974 (ANS X3.23-1974) and 1985. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.cobol}. ["Initial Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language" DoD, US GPO, Apr 1960]. (2002-02-21)

Communication and Network Riser "hardware, standard" (CNR) A specification for {audio}, {modem}, {USB} and {Local Area Networking} interfaces of core computer logic {chip sets}. {Intel} introduced CNR on 2000-02-07. It was mainly developed by hardware and software developers who helped release AMR ({Audio/Modem Riser}) and is used by several computer manufacturers. {(http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cnr.htm)}. (2007-03-15)

Communications of the ACM "publication" (CACM) A monthly publication by the {Association for Computing Machinery} sent to all members. CACM is an influential publication that keeps computer science professionals up to date on developments. Each issue includes articles, case studies, practitioner oriented pieces, regular columns, commentary, departments, the ACM Forum, technical correspondence and advertisements. {(http://acm.org/cacm/)}. (1995-01-18)

Compact Disc Read-Only Memory "storage" (CD-ROM) A {non-volatile} optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio {compact discs}, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. CD-ROM is popular for distribution of large databases, software and especially {multimedia} {applications}. The maximum capacity is about 600 megabytes. A CD can store around 640 {megabytes} of data - about 12 billion bytes per pound weight. CD-ROM drives are rated with a speed factor relative to music CDs (1x or 1-speed which gives a data transfer rate of 150 {kilobytes} per second). 12x drives were common in April 1997. Above 12x speed, there are problems with vibration and heat. {Constant angular velocity} (CAV) drives give speeds up to 20x but due to the nature of CAV the actual throughput increase over 12x is less than 20/12. 20x was thought to be the maximum speed due to mechanical constraints but on 1998-02-24, {Samsung Electronics} introduced the SCR-3230, a 32x CD-ROM drive which uses a ball bearing system to balance the spinning CD-ROM in the drive to reduce noise. CD-ROM drives may connect to an {IDE} interface, a {SCSI} interface or a propritary interface, of which there are three - Sony, Panasonic, and Mitsumi. Most CD-ROM drives can also play audio CDs. There are several formats used for CD-ROM data, including {Green Book CD-ROM}, {White Book CD-ROM} and {Yellow Book CD-ROM}. {ISO 9660} defines a standard {file system}, later extended by {Joliet}. See also {Compact Disc Recordable}, {Digital Versatile Disc}. {Byte, February 1997 (http://byte.com/art/9702/sec17/art5.htm)}. (2006-09-25)

Compact Disc "storage" (CD) (Not "disk", this spelling is part of the standard). A 4.72 inch disc developed by {Sony} and {Philips} that can store, on the same disc, still and/or moving images in monochrome and/or color; stereo or two separate sound tracks integrated with and/or separate from the images; and digital program and information files. The same fabrication process is used to make both audio CDs and {CD-ROMs} for storing computer data, the only difference is in the device used to read the CD (the player or drive). {CD Information Center (http://cd-info.com/cd-info/CDInfoCenter.html)}. (1999-06-23)

Compaq Computer Corporation "company" A US manufacturer and vendor of {IBM PC compatible} {personal computers} and servers. Compaq was started in 1982 by three ex-{Texas Instruments} employees and by 1995 had become the largest PC manufacturer. Quarterly sales $2499M, profits $210M (Aug 1994). Compaq was acquired by {Hewlett-Packard} in 2004. {(http://compaq.com/)}. (1995-10-24)

COMPASS COMPrehensive ASSembler. The {assembly language} on {CDC} computers. (1995-01-19)

Compatible Timesharing System "operating system" (CTSS) One of the earliest (1963) experiments in the design of interactive {time-sharing} {operating systems}. CTSS was ancestral to {Multics}, {Unix}, and {ITS}. It was developed at the {MIT} Computation Center by a team led by Fernando J. Corbato. CTSS ran on a modified {IBM 7094} with a second 32K-word bank of memory, using two {2301 drums} for swapping. {Remote access} was provided to up to 30 users via an {IBM 7750} {communications controller} connected to {dial-up} {modems}. The name {ITS} (Incompatible {time-sharing} System) was a hack on CTSS, meant both as a joke and to express some basic differences in philosophy about the way I/O services should be presented to user programs. (1997-01-29)

Compel {COMpute ParallEL}

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) A processor where each instruction can perform several low-level operations such as memory access, arithmetic operations or address calculations. The term was coined in contrast to {Reduced Instruction Set Computer}. Before the first RISC processors were designed, many computer architects were trying to bridge the "{semantic gap}" - to design {instruction sets} to support {high-level languages} by providing "high-level" instructions such as procedure call and return, loop instructions such as "decrement and branch if non-zero" and complex {addressing modes} to allow data structure and {array} accesses to be compiled into single instructions. While these architectures achieved their aim of allowing high-level language constructs to be expressed in fewer instructions, it was observed that they did not always result in improved performance. For example, on one processor it was discovered that it was possible to improve the performance by NOT using the procedure call instruction but using a sequence of simpler instructions instead. Furthermore, the more complex the instruction set, the greater the overhead of decoding an instruction, both in execution time and silicon area. This is particularly true for processors which used {microcode} to decode the (macro) instruction. It is easier to debug a complex instruction set implemented in microcode than one whose decoding is "{hard-wired}" in silicon. Examples of CISC processors are the {Motorola} {680x0} family and the {Intel 80186} through {Intel 486} and {Pentium}. (1994-10-10)

complexity "algorithm" The level in difficulty in solving mathematically posed problems as measured by the time, number of steps or arithmetic operations, or memory space required (called time complexity, computational complexity, and space complexity, respectively). The interesting aspect is usually how complexity scales with the size of the input (the "{scalability}"), where the size of the input is described by some number N. Thus an {algorithm} may have computational complexity O(N^2) (of the order of the square of the size of the input), in which case if the input doubles in size, the computation will take four times as many steps. The ideal is a constant time algorithm (O(1)) or failing that, O(N). See also {NP-complete}. (1994-10-20)

complexity class "algorithm" A collection of {algorithms} or {computable functions} with the same {complexity}. (1996-04-24)

complexity measure "algorithm" A quantity describing the {complexity} of a computation. (1996-04-24)

COMPL "language, operating system" ["The COMPL Language and Operating System", A.G. Fraser et al, Computer J 9(2):144-156, 1966]. (1995-01-24)

Component Integration Laboratories "project" (CIL) An effort to create a common framework for interoperability between {application programs} on {desktop} {platforms}, formed by {Apple Computer, Inc.}, {IBM}, {Novell}, {Oracle}, {Taligent}, {WordPerfect} and {Xerox}. [When? What happened?] (1994-10-24)

compression 1. "application" (Or "compaction") The coding of data to save storage space or transmission time. Although data is already coded in digital form for computer processing, it can often be coded more efficiently (using fewer bits). For example, {run-length encoding} replaces strings of repeated characters (or other units of data) with a single character and a count. There are many compression {algorithms} and utilities. Compressed data must be decompressed before it can be used. The standard {Unix} compression utilty is called {compress} though {GNU}'s superior {gzip} has largely replaced it. Other compression utilties include {pack}, {zip} and {PKZIP}. When compressing several similar files, it is usually better to join the files together into an {archive} of some kind (using {tar} for example) and then compress them, rather than to join together individually compressed files. This is because some common compression {algorithms} build up tables based on the data from their current input which they have already compressed. They then use this table to compress subsequent data more efficiently. See also {TIFF}, {JPEG}, {MPEG}, {Lempel-Ziv Welch}, "{lossy}", "{lossless}". {Compression FAQ (ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/compression-faq/)}. {Web Content Compression FAQ (http://perl.apache.org/docs/tutorials/client/compression/compression.html)}. {Usenet} newsgroups: {news:comp.compression}, {news:comp.compression.research}. 2. "multimedia" Reducing the dynamic range of an audio signal, making quiet sounds louder and loud sounds quieter. Thus, when discussing digital audio, the preferred term for reducing the total amount of data is "compaction". Some advocate this term in all contexts. (2004-04-26)

compt ::: n. --> Account; reckoning; computation. ::: v. t. --> To compute; to count. ::: a.

Compulink Information eXchange (CIX) A London-based conferencing system, also providing {electronic mail}, {FTP}, {telnet}, {IRC}, {Gopher} and {web}. Includes conferences "archimedes" or "bbc" for users of {Acorn} computers. E-mail: "cixadmin@cix.compulink.co.uk". Telephone: +44 (181) 390 8446. (1994-11-08)

CompuServe Corporation "company" The parent organisation of {CompuServe Information Service}, CompuServe Network Services and CompuServe Remote Computing Services. CompuServe was owned by H.R. Block but is now (1999) owned by {America On-Line}. {(http://compuserve.com/)}. (1995-09-12)

CompuServe Information Service "company" (CIS, CompuServe Interactive Services). An ISP and on-line service {portal} based in Columbus, Ohio, USA; part of {AOL} since February 1998. CIS was founded in 1969 as a computer {time-sharing service}. Along with {AOL} and {Prodigy}, CIS was one of the first pre-Internet, on-line services for consumers, providing {bulletin boards}, on-line conferencing, business news, sports and weather, financial transactions, {electronic mail}, {Usenet} news, travel and entertainment data and on-line editions of computer publications. CIS was originally run by {CompuServe Corporation}. In 1979, CompuServe was the first service to offer {electronic mail} and technical support to personal computer users. In 1980 they were the first to offer {real-time} {chat} with its CB Simulator. By 1982, the company had formed its Network Services Division to provide wide-area networking to corporate clients. Initially mostly serving the USA, in 1986 they developed a Japanese version called NIFTYSERVE. In 1989, they expanded into Europe and became a leading {Internet service provider}. In 2001 they released version 7.0 of their client program. {CompuServe home (http://compuserve.com/)}. (2009-04-02)

Compusult Ltd. A computer consulting firm (in Newfoundland, Canada?) that provides a public access {Unix}. (1994-10-20)

Computational Adequacy Theorem This states that for any program (a non-function typed term in the {typed lambda-calculus} with constants) {normal order reduction} (outermost first) fails to terminate if and only if the {standard semantics} of the term is {bottom}. Moreover, if the reduction of program e1 terminates with some {head normal form} e2 then the standard semantics of e1 and e2 will be equal. This theorem is significant because it relates the operational notion of a reduction sequence and the {denotational semantics} of the input and output of a reduction sequence.

Computational Fluid Dynamics "language" (CFD) A {Fortran}-based parallel language for the {Illiac IV}. (1994-11-29)

COMpute ParallEL "language" (Compel) The first {single-assignment} language. ["A Language Design for Concurrent Processes", L.G. Tesler et al, Proc SJCC 32:403-408, AFIPS (Spring 1968)]. (1995-01-19)

Computer Aided Design "application" (CAD) The part of {CAE} concerning the drawing or physical layout steps of engineering design. Often found in the phrase "CAD/CAM" for ".. manufacturing". (1994-11-30)

Computer Aided Detector Design "project, standard" (CADD) A project to standardise {HEP} detector designer. (2011-02-18)

Computer Aided Engineering "application" (CAE) The use of {software} to help with all phases of engineering design work. Like {computer aided design}, but also involving the conceptual and analytical design steps and extending into {Computer-Integrated Manufacturing} (CIM). (1994-10-28)

Computer-Aided Instruction "application, education" (CAI, or "- assisted", "- learning", CAL, Computer-Based Training CBT, "e-learning") The use of computers for education and training. The programs and data used in CAI, known as "courseware", may be supplied on media such as {CD-ROM} or delivered via a {network} which also enables centralised logging of student progress. CAI may constitute the whole or part of a course, may be done individually or in groups ("Computer Supported Collaborative Learning", CSCL), with or without human guidance. (2011-11-25)

Computer-Aided Learning {Computer-Aided Instruction}

Computer Aided Software Engineering "programming" (CASE, or "- assisted -") A technique for using computers to help with one or more phases of the {software life-cycle}, including the systematic analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of software. Adopting the CASE approach to building and maintaining systems involves software tools and training for the developers who will use them. (1996-05-10)

Computer-Aided Software Testing "programming" (CAST) Automated software testing in one or more phases of the {software life-cycle}. (1996-05-10)

Computer Aided Test Engineering "testing, electronics" (CATE) {CASE} methods applied to electronics testing and linked to {CAE}. (2007-05-03)

Computer Animation Movie Language "language" A programming language for generating {animation}. ["A Computer Animation Movie Language for Educational Motion Pictures", D.D. Weiner et al, Proc FJCC 33(2), AFIPS, Fall 1968]. (2012-01-30)

Computer-Assisted Learning {Computer-Aided Instruction}

Computer-Assisted Software Engineering {Computer-Aided Software Engineering}

Computer Associates International, Inc. "company" (CA) A US software development company, founded in 1976. CA have purchased many other software companies, including {Spectrum Software, Inc.}, {Cheyenne Software}, {Platinum Technology, Inc.}, {ASK Corporation}. They produce a number of popular software packages, including {Unicenter TNG} and {Ingres}. They had an {Initial Public Offering} in 1981 valued at more than US$3.2M, had more than US$6B in revenue in 2000, and employ more than 17,000 people. {(http://ca.com/)}. (20002-04-20)

Computer-Based Training {Computer-Aided Instruction}

Computer Compiler 1. "language" A proposed language for {compiler} design. [Sammet 1969, p. 695]. 2. A discussion of various applications of computers to the design and production of computers. {ACM (http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464213&CFID=83216609&CFTOKEN=42516197)}. ["A proposal for a computer compiler", Gernot Metze (University of Illinois), Sundaram Seshu (University of Illinois), AFIPS '66 (Spring) Proceedings of the 1966-04-26 - 28, Spring joint computer conference]. (2007-02-13)

Computer Conservation Society "body" (CCS) A British group that aims to promote the conservation and study of historic computers, past and future. The CCS is a co-operative venture between the {British Computer Society}, the Science Museum of London and the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the BCS. A number of active projects and working groups focus on specific computer restorations, early computer technologies and software. Membership is open to anyone interested. {Home (http://computerconservationsociety.org)}. See also {Bletchley Park}. (2012-03-22)

Computer Design Language "language" An {ALGOL}-like language for computer design. ["An ALGOL-like Computer Design Language", Y. Chu, CACM 8(10) (Oct 1965)]. (1994-11-17)

Computer Emergency Response Team "security, body" (CERT) An organisation formed by {DARPA} in November 1988 in response to the {Internet worm} incident. The CERT charter is to work with the {Internet} community to help it responf to computer security events involving Internet {hosts}, to raise awareness of computer security issues and to conduct research targeted at improving the security of existing systems. CERT products and services include 24-hour technical assistance for responding to computer security incidents, product {vulnerability} assistance, technical documents and tutorials. {CERT Home (http://cert.org/)}. E-mail: "cert@cert.org" (incident reports). Telephone +1 (412) 268 7090 (24-hour hotline). (2012-05-18)

Computer "publication" A journal of the {IEEE Computer Society}. (1995-03-10)

Counting: (Lat. computare, to reckon, compute) The process of determining the number of a class of objects by establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the class in question and a portion of the class of natural numbers beginning with 1 and ordered in the usual way. -- A.C.B.

count ::: v. t. --> To tell or name one by one, or by groups, for the purpose of ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection; to number; to enumerate; to compute; to reckon.
To place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to consider or esteem as belonging.
To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think, judge, or consider.
The act of numbering; reckoning; also, the number

digit ::: n. --> One of the terminal divisions of a limb appendage; a finger or toe.
A finger&

drachma ::: n. --> A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, having a different value in different States and at different periods. The average value of the Attic drachma is computed to have been about 19 cents.
A gold and silver coin of modern Greece worth 19.3 cents.
Among the ancient Greeks, a weight of about 66.5 grains; among the modern Greeks, a weight equal to a gram.

duodecimal ::: a. --> Proceeding in computation by twelves; expressed in the scale of twelves. ::: n. --> A twelfth part; as, the duodecimals of an inch.
A system of numbers, whose denominations rise in a scale of twelves, as of feet and inches. The system is used chiefly by

dynactinometer ::: n. --> An instrument for measuring the intensity of the photogenic (light-producing) rays, and computing the power of object glasses.

ephemeris ::: n. --> A diary; a journal.
A publication giving the computed places of the heavenly bodies for each day of the year, with other numerical data, for the use of the astronomer and navigator; an astronomical almanac; as, the "American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac."
Any tabular statement of the assigned places of a heavenly body, as a planet or comet, on several successive days.
A collective name for reviews, magazines, and all kinds

epilogism ::: n. --> Enumeration; computation.

equation ::: n. --> A making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium.
An expression of the condition of equality between two algebraic quantities or sets of quantities, the sign = being placed between them; as, a binomial equation; a quadratic equation; an algebraic equation; a transcendental equation; an exponential equation; a logarithmic equation; a differential equation, etc.
A quantity to be applied in computing the mean place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any one of the several

figure ::: n. 1. The form or shape of anything; appearance, aspect. 2. The human form, esp. as regards size or shape. 3. A representation or likeness of the human form.4. An emblem, type, symbol. 5. An amount or value expressed in numbers. 6. A written symbol other than a letter. v. 7. To compute or calculate. 8. To represent by a pictorial or sculptured figure, a diagram, or the like; picture or depict. 9. To shape to; symbolize; represent. figures, figured, figuring, figure-selves.**

Free On-line Dictionary of Computing "introduction" FOLDOC is a searchable dictionary of acronyms, jargon, programming languages, tools, architecture, operating systems, networking, theory, conventions, standards, mathematics, telecoms, electronics, institutions, companies, projects, products, history, in fact anything to do with computing. Copyright 1985 by Denis Howe Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, Front- or Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "{GNU Free Documentation License}". Please refer to the dictionary as "The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, http://foldoc.org/, Editor Denis Howe" or similar. Please make the URL both text (for humans) and a hyperlink (for Google). You can search the latest version of the dictionary at URL http://foldoc.org/. Where {LaTeX} commands for certain non-{ASCII} symbols are mentioned, they are described in their own entries. "\" is also used to represent the Greek lower-case lambda used in {lambda-calculus}. See {Pronunciation} for how to interpret the pronunciation given for some entries. Cross-references to other entries look {like this}. Note that not all cross-references actually lead anywhere yet, but if you find one that leads to something inappropriate, please let me know. Dates after entries indicate when that entry was last updated. {More about FOLDOC (about.html)}. (2018-05-22)

incomputable ::: a. --> Not computable.

indigitate ::: v. i. --> To communicative ideas by the fingers; to show or compute by the fingers. ::: v. t. --> To point out with the finger; to indicate.

inestimable ::: a. --> Incapable of being estimated or computed; especially, too valuable or excellent to be measured or fully appreciated; above all price; as, inestimable rights or privileges.

measurable ::: a. --> Capable of being measured; susceptible of mensuration or computation.
Moderate; temperate; not excessive.

miscomputation ::: n. --> Erroneous computation; false reckoning.

miscompute ::: v. t. --> To compute erroneously.

misreckoning ::: n. --> An erroneous computation.

Missing definition "introduction" First, this is an (English language) __computing__ dictionary. It includes lots of terms from related fields such as mathematics and electronics, but if you're looking for (or want to submit) words from other subjects or general English words or other languages, try {(http://wikipedia.org/)}, {(http://onelook.com/)}, {(http://yourdictionary.com/)}, {(http://www.dictionarist.com/)} or {(http://reference.allrefer.com/)}. If you've already searched the dictionary for a computing term and it's not here then please __don't tell me__. There are, and always will be, a great many missing terms, no dictionary is ever complete. I use my limited time to process the corrections and definitions people have submitted and to add the {most frequently requested missing terms (missing.html)}. Try one of the sources mentioned above or {(http://techweb.com/encyclopedia/)}, {(http://whatis.techtarget.com/)} or {(http://google.com/)}. See {the Help page (help.html)} for more about missing definitions and bad cross-references. (2014-09-20)! {exclamation mark}!!!Batch "language, humour" A daft way of obfuscating text strings by encoding each character as a different number of {exclamation marks} surrounded by {question marks}, e.g. "d" is encoded as "?!!!!?". The language is named after the {MSDOS} {batch file} in which the first converter was written. {esoteric programming languages} {wiki entry (http://esolangs.org/wiki/!!!Batch)}. (2014-10-25)" {double quote}

multiplication ::: n. --> The act or process of multiplying, or of increasing in number; the state of being multiplied; as, the multiplication of the human species by natural generation.
The process of repeating, or adding to itself, any given number or quantity a certain number of times; commonly, the process of ascertaining by a briefer computation the result of such repeated additions; also, the rule by which the operation is performed; -- the reverse of division.

neptune ::: n. --> The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of the sea. He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter.
The remotest known planet of our system, discovered -- as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris -- by Galle, of Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78 years.

outreckon ::: v. t. --> To exceed in reckoning or computation.

overcast ::: v. t. --> To cast or cover over; hence, to cloud; to darken.
To compute or rate too high.
To take long, loose stitches over (the raw edges of a seam) to prevent raveling.

Range ::: the difference between the highest and lowest score in a distribution (often 1 is added to the result when computing statistics to allow for the 0.5 on either end lost due to rounding).

recast ::: v. t. --> To throw again.
To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new form or shape; to reconstruct; as, to recast cannon; to recast an argument or a play.
To compute, or cast up, a second time.

reckoner ::: n. --> One who reckons or computes; also, a book of calculations, tables, etc., to assist in reckoning.

reckoning ::: p. pr. & vb. n. --> of Reckon ::: n. --> The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or counting; calculation.
An account of time
Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of

reckon ::: v. t. --> To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.
To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.
To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain quality or value.
To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of

residual ::: a. --> Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken. ::: n. --> The difference of the results obtained by observation, and by computation from a formula.
The difference between the mean of several observations and any one of them.

rudolphine ::: a. --> Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; -- so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany.

sexenary ::: a. --> Proceeding by sixes; sextuple; -- applied especially to a system of arithmetical computation in which the base is six.

Sri Aurobindo: "This idea of universality, of oneness not only with God or the eternal Self in me, but with all humanity and other beings, is growing to be the most prominent strain in our minds and it has to be taken more largely into account in any future idea or computation of the significance of rebirth and karma.” Essays in Philosophy and Yoga

Statement: See Meaning, Kinds of, 1. Statistics: The systematic study of quantitative facts, numerical data, comparative materials, obtained through description and interpretation of group phenomena. The method of using and interpreting processes of classification, enumeration, measurement and evaluation of group phenomena. In a restricted sense, the materials, facts or data referring to group phenomena and forming the subject of systematic computation and interpretation. The Ground of Statistics. Statistics have developed from a specialized application of the inductive principle which concludes from the characteristics of a large number of parts to those of the whole. When we make generalizations from empirical data, we are never certain of having expressed adequately the laws connecting all the relevant and efficient factors in the case under investigation. Not only have we to take into account the personal equation involved and the imperfection of our instru ments of observation and measurement, but also the complex character of physical, biological, psychological and social phenomena which cannot be subjected to an exhaustive analysis. Statistics reveals precisely definite trends and frequencies subject to approximate laws, in these various fields in which phenomena result from many independently varying factors and involve a multitude of numerical units of variable character. Statistics differs fiom probability insofar as it makes a more consistent use of empirical data objectively considered, and of methods directly inspired by the treatment of these data.

stereometry ::: n. --> The art of measuring and computing the cubical contents of bodies and figures; -- distinguished from planimetry.

tabular ::: a. --> Having the form of, or pertaining to, a table (in any of the uses of the word).
Having a flat surface; as, a tabular rock.
Formed into a succession of flakes; laminated.
Set in squares.
Arranged in a schedule; as, tabular statistics.
Derived from, or computed by, the use of tables; as, tabular right ascension.

trochometer ::: n. --> A contrivance for computing the revolutions of a wheel; an odometer.

universality ::: “This idea of universality, of oneness not only with God or the eternal Self in me, but with all humanity and other beings, is growing to be the most prominent strain in our minds and it has to be taken more largely into account in any future idea or computation of the significance of rebirth and karma.” Essays in Philosophy and Yoga

V. Probability as an Operattonal Concept: In this interpretation, which is due particularly to Kemble, probability is discussed in terms of the mental operations involved in determining it numerically. It is pointed out that probability enters the postulates of physical theories as a useful word employed to indicate the manner in which results of theoretical calculations are to be compared with experimental data. But beyond the usefulness of this word, there must be a more fundamental concept justifying it; this is called primary probability which should be reached by an instrumentalist procedure. The analogy of the thermometer, which connects a qualitative sensation with a number, gives an indication for such a procedure. The expectation of the repetition of an event is an elementary form of belief which can be strengthened by additional evidence. In collecting such evidence, a selection is naturally made, by accepting the relevant data and rejecting the others. When the selected data form a pattern which does not involve the event as such or its negative, the event is considered as probable. The rules of collecting the data and of comparing them with the theoretical event and its negative, involve the idea ol correspondence which leads to the use of numbers for its expression. Thus, probability is a number computed from empirical data according to given rules, and used as a metric and a corrective to the sense of expectation, and the ultimate value of the theory of probability is its service as a guide to action. The main interest of this theory lies in its psychological analysis and its attempt to unify the various conceptions of probability. But it is not yet complete; and until its epistemological implications are made clear, its apparent eclecticism may cover many of the difficulties it wishes to avoid. -- T.G.

KEYS (10k)


NEW FULL DB (2.4M)

*** WISDOM TROVE ***

*** NEWFULLDB 2.4M ***

   12 Integral Yoga
   12 Christianity
   8 Poetry
   8 Philosophy
   7 Occultism
   5 Psychology
   5 Cybernetics
   3 Fiction
   2 Philsophy
   1 Science
   1 Mythology
   1 Hinduism
   1 Alchemy


   6 Saint Augustine of Hippo
   5 Norbert Wiener
   5 Nolini Kanta Gupta
   4 Plotinus
   3 Sri Aurobindo
   3 Plato
   3 H P Lovecraft
   3 Carl Jung
   2 The Mother
   2 Satprem
   2 Robert Browning
   2 Ralph Waldo Emerson
   2 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
   2 Jorge Luis Borges
   2 Jordan Peterson
   2 James George Frazer
   2 Franz Bardon


   6 City of God
   5 Cybernetics
   4 The Secret Doctrine
   4 The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
   3 Lovecraft - Poems
   3 Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01
   2 The Practice of Magical Evocation
   2 The Golden Bough
   2 On the Way to Supermanhood
   2 Mysterium Coniunctionis
   2 Maps of Meaning
   2 Labyrinths
   2 Emerson - Poems
   2 Browning - Poems

0.00 - The Wellspring of Reality, #Synergetics - Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking, #R Buckminster Fuller, #Science   We are able to assert that this rationally coordinating system bridge has been established between science and the humanities because we have made adequate experimental testing of it in a computerized world-resource-use-exploration system, which by virtue of the proper inclusion of all the parameters-as guaranteed by the synergetic start with Universe and the progressive differentiation out of all the parts-has demonstrated a number of alternate ways in which it is eminently feasible not only to provide full life support for all humans but also to permit all humans' individual enjoyment of all the Earth without anyone profiting at the expense of another and without any individuals interfering with others.   While it takes but meager search to discover that many well-known concepts are false, it takes considerable search and even more careful examination of one's own personal experiences and inadvertently spontaneous reflexing to discover that there are many popularly and even professionally unknown, yet nonetheless fundamental, concepts to hold true in all cases and that already have been discovered by other as yet obscure individuals. That is to say that many scientific generalizations have been discovered but have not come to the attention of what we call the educated world at large, thereafter to be incorporated tardily within the formal education processes, and even more tardily, in the ongoing political-economic affairs of everyday life. Knowledge of the existence and comprehensive significance of these as yet popularly unrecognized natural laws often is requisite to the solution of many of the as yet unsolved problems now confronting society. Lack of knowledge of the solution's existence often leaves humanity confounded when it need not be.   --   Children freed of the ignorantly founded educational traditions and exposed only to their spontaneously summoned, computer-stored and -distributed outflow of reliable-opinion-purged, experimentally verified data, shall indeed lead society to its happy egress from all misinformedly conceived, fearfully and legally imposed, and physically enforced customs of yesterday. They can lead all humanity into omnisuccessful survival as well as entrance into an utterly new era of human experience in an as-yet and ever-will-be fundamentally mysterious Universe.   And whence will come the wealth with which we may undertake to lead world man into his new and validly hopeful life? From the wealth of the minds of world man-whence comes all wealth. Only mind can discover how to do so much with so little as forever to be able to sustain and physically satisfy all humanity.

04.07 - Matter Aspires, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga    For example, the computing machine. It has been developed to a marvellous extent. Not only big but complicated calculations are done by it, not only the four major arithmetical operations, but higher algebraic and trigonometrical problems too are tackled successfully. The electronic computer seems to possess a veritable mathematical brain.    It is asked now if the machine is capable of so much mathematics, may it not be capable also of poetic creation? The possibility has been discussed in a very lively and interesting manner in The Hibbert Journal (October, '49 and January, '50). The writer Sir Robert Watson-Watt thinks it is not impossible, indeed quite possible, for a machine to write, for example, a sonnet. Only the question will be with regard to the kind the quality and standardof the poetic creation. What will come out of the machine will depend upon what has been put into it, that is to say, what the brain that constructed it succeeded in transplanting into it. The writer after weighing the pros and cons arrives at the remarkable and amusing conclusion that a machine built by a second class brain may succeed in producing a poem of third class merit, but it can never produce anything first class. To produce a first class poem through a machine at least a first class brain' must work at it. But the pity is that a Shakespeare or a Milton would prefer to write straight away a poem himself instead of trying to work it out through a machine which may give out in the end only a second class or worse production.

05.01 - Man and the Gods, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga    The gods are especial powers and executive agents of the one Divine. They move and act in a special way with a special end in view. They are, we may say, highbrow entities: they carry things with a high hand. That is to say, what they have got to do, they seek to do without any consideration or computation of the means, without regard to the pauses and hindrances that naturally attend all terrestrial and human achievements. God said, let there be light, and there was light. That is also the way of the gods. There is here an imperial majesty and grandeur, a sweeping mastery and sovereign indifference,    Remote from the Force that cries out in its pain, ||12.11||

05.06 - Physics or philosophy, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 01, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga    The principle of indeterminacy carries two revolutionary implications. First, that it is not possible to determine the movement of the ultimate particles of matter individually and severally, it is not possible even theoretically to follow up the chain of modulations of an electron from its birth to its dissolution (if such is the curve of its destiny), as Laplace considered it quite possible for his super-mathematician. One cannot trace the complete evolution of each and every or even one particular particle, not because of a limitation in the human capacity, but because of an inherent impossibility in the nature of things. In radioactive substances, for example, there is no ground or data from which one can determine which particle will go off or not, whether it will go off the chance that seems to reign here. In radiation too, there is no formula, and no formula can be framed for determining the course of a photon in relation to a half-reflecting surface, whether it will pass through or be reflected. In this field of infinitesimals what we know is the total behaviour of an assemblage of particles, and the laws of nature are only laws of average computation. Statistics has ousted the more exact and rigid arithmetics. And statistics, we know, is a precarious science: the knowledge it gives is contingent, contingent upon the particular way of arranging and classifying the data. However, the certainty of classical mechanistic knowledge is gone, gone too the principle of uniformity of nature.    The second element brought in in the indeterminacy picture is the restoration of the "subject" to its honoured or even more than the honoured place it had in the Mediaeval Ages, and from which it was pulled down by young arrogant Science. A fundamental question is now raised in the very methodology of the scientific apparatus. For Science, needless to say, is first and foremost observation. Now it is observed that the very fact of observation affects and changes the observed fact. The path of an electron, for example, has to be observed; one has then to throw a ray of lighthurl a photonupon it: the impact is sufficient to deflect the electron from the original path. If it is suggested that by correction and computation, by a backward calculation we can deduce the previous position, that too is not possible. For we cannot fix any position or point that is not vitiated by the observer's interference. How to feel or note the consistency of a thing, if the touch itself, the temperature of the finger, were sufficient to change the consistency? The trouble is, as the popular Indian saying goes, the very amulet that is to exorcise the ghost is possessed by the ghost itself.    So the scientists of today are waking up to this disconcerting fact. And some have put the question very boldly and frankly: do not all laws of Nature contain this original sin of the observer's interference, indeed may not the laws be nothing else but that? Thus Science has landed into the very heart the bog and quagmire, if you likeof abstruse metaphysics. Eddington says, there is no other go for Science today but to admit and delcare that its scheme and pattern of things, as described by what is called laws of Nature, is only a mental construct of the Scientist. The "wonderful" discoveries are nothing but jugglery and legerdemain of the mindwhat it puts out of itself unconsciously into the outside world, it recovers again and is astonished at the miracle. A scientific law is a pure deduction from the mind's own disposition. Eddington goes so far as to say that if a scientist is sufficiently introspective he can trace out from within his brain each and every law of Nature which he took so much pains to fish out from Nature by observation and experiment. Eddington gives an analogy to explain the nature of scientific law and scientific discovery. Suppose you have a fishing net of a particular size and with interstices of a particular dimension; you throw it into the sea and pull out with fishes in it. Now you count and assort the fishes, and according to the data thus obtained, you declare that the entire sea consists of so many varieties of fish and of such sizes. The only error is that you could not take into account the smaller fishes that escaped through the interstices and the bigger ones that did not at all fall into the net. Scientific statistics is something of this kind. Our mind is the net, and the pattern of Nature is determined by the mind's own pattern.

06.01 - The End of a Civilisation, #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 03, #Nolini Kanta Gupta, #Integral Yoga    And yet if the civilisation really goes, it will not be a small thing, even when measured on the cosmic scale. A civilisation is to be judged and valued not at its nadir, but at its zenith, in its total effect and not by a temporary phase in its course. Civilisation really means preparation of the instrument: the human instrument that is to express the Divine. The purpose of creation, we have often said, is the establishment of the highest spiritual consciousness in the embodied life on earth. The embodied life means man's body and life and mind; individually and socially these constitute the instrument through which the higher light is to manifest itself. The instrument has to be prepared, made ready for the purpose; Actually it is obscure, ignorant, narrow, weak; at the outset and for a long time it expresses only or mainly the inferior animal nature. Civilisation is an attempt to raise this inferior nature, to refine, enlarge and heighten it, to cultivate and increase its potentialities and capacities. The present civilisation, we have said, is a growth of thousands of years-at least five thousand years according to the most modest archaeological computation. In this period man has developed his brain, his rational intelligence, has unravelled some of the great mysteries of nature; he has controlled and organised life to an extent that has opened new possibilities of growth and achievement; even with respect to the body he has learnt to treat it with greater skill and endowed it with finer and more potent efficiencies. There have been aberrations and misuses, no doubt; but the essence of things achieved still remains and is always an invaluable asset: that must not be allowed to go.    If the civilisation goes, it means the instrument is gone, the basis on which the edifice for the Divine Consciousness is to be raised is removed, nothing remains to stand firmly on. So the labour has to start again: one must begin from the beginning. The work has to be done and will be done, it cannot be allowed to terminate into a labour of Sisyphus.

1.00d - Introduction, #On the Way to Supermanhood, #Satprem, #Integral Yoga   Because Truth is simple. It is the simplest thing in the world that is why we do not see it. There is but one Thing in the world, not two, as the modern physicists and mathematicians have begun to realize, and as a child well knows as he smiles at the waves on a sun-swept beach where the same foam seems to have rolled in since the beginning of time, recalling a great rhythm that wells up out of ancient memory and weaves days and sorrows into a single story, so old it feels like an unchanging presence, so encompassing in its immensity it even embraces the glides of a sea gull. And everything is contained in one second, the sum of all ages and all souls, all within one simple little point glistening for an instant on the wild foam. But we have lost that point, and that smile, and the singing second. So we have tried to restore that Oneness by addition: 1+1+1... like our computers, as if adding up all possible knowledge from every conceivable direction would finally yield the right note, the one note that brings forth song and moves the worlds and the heart of a forgotten child. We have tried to manufacture that Simplicity for every pocketbook, but the more we multiplied our clever push buttons, to simplify life, the farther away the bird flew, and the smile even the sparkling foam is polluted by our equations. We are not even entirely sure our body is still ours the beautiful Machine has devoured everything.   Yet that one Thing is also the one and only Power because what shines in one point shines also in all other points. Once that is understood, all the rest is understood; there is but one Power in the world, not two. Even a child knows that: he is king, he is invulnerable. But the child grows up; he forgets. And men have grown up, and nations and civilizations, each in its own way seeking the Great Secret, the simple secret through war and conquest, through meditation or magic, through beauty, religion or science. Though, in truth, we do not know who is most advanced: the Acropolis builder, the Theban magician, the Cape Kennedy astronaut, or the Cistercian monk, for one has rejected life in order to understand it, one has embraced it without understanding it, another has left a trace of beauty, and still another, a white trail in a changeless sky we are merely the last on the list, that's all. And we still have not found our magic. The point, the potent little point, is still there on the open beach of the world; it shines for whoever will seize it, just as it shone before we were humans under the stars.

1.01 - Newtonian and Bergsonian Time, #Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, #Norbert Wiener, #Cybernetics   and the computation of their future and past positions, while   not easy in detail, is easy and precise in principle. On the other   --   made and their future positions and velocities computed, we   should have nothing but an impenetrable mass of figures which   --   in which for the first time it was possible to compute longitudes   with a respectable precision, and to convert the commerce of the   --   The wonders of the automatic computing machine belong to   the same realm of ideas, which was certainly never so actively   --   plane, or computes the solution of a differential equation.   Neither the Greek nor the magical automaton lies along   --   controlled oil-­cracking stills, ultra-­rapid computing machines,   and the like. They had begun to be used long before the war-­

1.02 - MAPS OF MEANING - THREE LEVELS OF ANALYSIS, #Maps of Meaning, #Jordan Peterson, #Psychology   to the computer. Psychologists in the west have concentrated their energies on determining how the brain   determines what is out there, so to speak out there, from the objective viewpoint. The Russians, by   --   capacities of the computer. The cortical event-related potential is a measure of brain activity derived by    computer from EEG recordings averaged at different delays after the subject being evaluated has been

1.02 - The 7 Habits An Overview, #The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, #Stephen Covey, #unset   In our quest for short-term returns, or results, we often ruin a prized physical asset -- a car, a computer, a washer or dryer, even our body or our environment. Keeping P and PC in balance makes a tremendous difference in the effective use of physical assets.   It also powerfully impacts the effective use of financial assets. How often do people confuse principal with interest? Have you ever invaded principal to increase your standard of living, to get more golden eggs? The decreasing principal has decreasing power to produce interest or income. And the dwindling capital becomes smaller and smaller until it no longer supplies even our basic needs.

1.03 - Measure of time, Moments of Kashthas, etc., #Vishnu Purana, #Vyasa, #Hinduism   ga Purāṇas exactly agree with our authority. In Manu, I. 64, we have the same computation, with a difference in the first article, eighteen Nimeṣas being one Kaṣṭhā. The Bhaviṣya P. follows Manu in that respect, and agrees in the rest with the Padma, which has,   [4]: These calculations of time are found in most of the Purāṇas, with some additions occasionally, of no importance, as that of the year of the seven Ṛṣis, 3030 mortal years, and the year of Dhruva, 9090 such years, in the Li   ga P. In all essential points the computations accord, and the scheme, extravagant as it may appear, seems to admit of easy explanation. We have, in the first place, a computation of the years of the gods in the four ages, or, p. 24   [5]: The details of these, as occurring in each Manvantara, are given in the third book, c. 1 and 2.   [6]: 'One and seventy enumerations of the four ages, with a surplus.' A similar reading occurs in several other Purāṇas, but none of them state of what the surplus or addition consists; but it is, in fact, the number of years required to reconcile two computations of the Kalpa. The most simple, and probably the original calculation of a Kalpa, is its being 1000 great ages, or ages of the gods: ### Bhaviṣya P. Then 4.320.000 years, or a divine age, x 1000 = 4320.000.000 years, or a day or night of Brahmā,. But a day of Brahmā is also seventy-one times a great age multiplied by fourteen: 4.320.000 x 71 x 14= 4.294.080.000, or less than the preceding by 25.920.000; and it is to make up for this deficiency that a certain number of years must be added to the computation by Manvantaras. According to the Sūrya Siddhānta, as cited by Mr. Davis (A. R. 2. 231), this addition consists of a Sandhi to each Manvantara, equal to the Satya age, or 5.728.000 years; and one similar Sandhi at the commencement of the Kalpa: thus p. 25 4.320.000 x 71 = 306.720.000 + 1.728.000 = 308.448.000 x 14 = 4318.272.000 + 1.728.000 = 4320.000.000. The Pauranics, however, omit the Sandhi of the Kalpa, and add the whole compensation to the Manvantaras. The amount of this in whole numbers is 1.851.428 in each Manvantara, or 4.320.000 x 71= 306.720.000 + 1.851.428 = 308.571.428 x 14 = 4319.999.992; leaving a very small inferiority to the result of the calculation of a Kalpa by a thousand great ages. To provide for this deficiency, indeed, very minute subdivisions are admitted into the calculation; and the commentator on our text says, that the additional years, if of gods, are 5142 years, 10 months, 8 days, 4 watches, 2 Muhūrttas, 8 Kalās, 17 Kāṣṭhās, 2 Nimeṣas, and 1/7th; if of mortals, 1.851.428 years, 6 months, 24 days, 12 Nāris, 12 Kalās, 25 Kāṣṭhas, and 10 Nimeṣas. It will be observed, that in the Kalpa we have the regular descending series 4, 3, 2, with cyphers multiplied ad libitum.   [7]: The Brahma Vaivartta says 108 years, but this is unusual. Brahmā's life is but a Nimeṣa of Kṛṣṇa, according to that work; a Nimeṣa of Śiva, according to the Saiva Purāṇa.   --   ga Purāṇa, and others of the Saiva division, above thirty Kalpas are named, and some account given of several, but they are evidently sectarial embellishments. The only Kalpas usually specified are those which follow in the text: the one which was the last, or the Pādma, and the present p. 26 or Vārāha. The first is also commonly called the Brāhma; but the Bhāgavata distinguishes the Brāhma, considering it to be the first of Brahmā's life, whilst the Pādma was the last of the first Parārddha. The terms Manā, or great Kalpa, applied to the Padma, is attached to it only in a general sense; or, according to the commentator, because it comprises, as a minor Kalpa, that in which Brahmā was born from a lotus. Properly, a great Kalpa is not a day, but a life of Brahmā; as in the Brahma Vaivartta: 'Chronologers compute a Kalpa by the life of Brahmā. Minor Kalpas, as Samvartta and the rest, are numerous.' Minor Kalpas here denote every period of destruction, or those in which the Samvartta wind, or other destructive agents, operate. Several other computations of time are found in different Purāṇas, but it will be sufficient to notice one which occurs in the Hari Vaṃśa, as it is peculiar, and because it is not quite correctly given in M. Langlois' translation. It is the calculation of the Mānava time, or time of a Menu.

1.03 - Questions and Answers, #Book of Certitude, #unset, #Zen   ANSWER: The starting-point for computation is the day the couple part, and if, therefore, they have separated a year before the husband's departure, and if the fragrance of affection hath not been renewed between the couple, divorce may take place. Otherwise the year must be counted from the day of his departure, and the conditions set forth in the Kitab-i-Aqdas observed.   20. QUESTION: Concerning the age of maturity with respect to religious duties.   --   ANSWER: Nineteen out of one hundred is established by the ordinance of God. computation should be made on this basis. It may then be ascertained what amount is due on nineteen.   90. QUESTION: When one's wealth exceeds nineteen, is it necessary for it to increase by a further nineteen before Huquq is due again, or would it be due on any increase?

1.03 - Time Series, Information, and Communication, #Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, #Norbert Wiener, #Cybernetics   suited to a treatment employing hand computation or ordinary   numerical tools such as slide rules and computing machines.   Their study belongs to the more conventional parts of statistical   --   devices, corresponding to the whole apparatus of computing   machines and schedules, and the staff of computers, of the sta-   tistical laboratory. The ingenuity needed in their use has been   --   whether in the computing laboratory or in the telephone circuit,   have to deal with the recording, preservation, transmission, and   --   equilibrium, we can compute with probable error zero the entire   set of statistical parameters of an ensemble in statistical equilib-   --   or a median or a mode-­we can compute it from the known dis-   tribution, and obtain a prediction to meet any desired criterion   of goodness of prediction. We can compute the merit of the pre-   diction, using any desired statistical basis of this merit-­mean   --   on. We can compute the amount of information concerning any   statistical parameter or set of statistical parameters, which fixing   of the past will give us. We can even compute the whole amount   of information which a knowledge of the past will give us of

1.04 - GOD IN THE WORLD, #The Perennial Philosophy, #Aldous Huxley, #Philosophy   Looking backwards across the carnage and the devastation, we can see that Vigny was perfectly right. None of those gay travellers, of whom Victor Hugo was the most vociferously eloquent, had the faintest notion where that first, funny little Puffing Billy was taking them. Or rather they had a very clear notion, but it happened to be entirely false. For they were convinced that Puffing Billy was hauling them at full speed towards universal peace and the brotherhood of man; while the newspapers which they were so proud of being able to read, as the train rumbled along towards its Utopian destination not more than fifty years or so away, were the guarantee that liberty and reason would soon be everywhere triumphant. Puffing Billy has now turned into a four-motored bomber loaded with white phosphorus and high explosives, and the free press is everywhere the servant of its advertisers, of a pressure group, or of the government. And yet, for some inexplicable reason, the travellers (now far from gay) still hold fast to the religion of Inevitable Progresswhich is, in the last analysis, the hope and faith (in the teeth of all human experience) that one can get something for nothing. How much saner and more realistic is the Greek view that every victory has to be paid for, and that, for some victories, the price exacted is so high Uiat it outweighs any advantage that may be obtained! Modern man no longer regards Nature as being in any sense divine and feels perfectly free to behave towards her as an overweening conqueror and tyrant. The spoils of recent technological imperialism have been enormous; but meanwhile nemesis has seen to it that we get our kicks as well as halfpence. For example, has the ability to travel in twelve hours from New York to Los Angeles given more pleasure to the human race than the dropping of bombs and fire has given pain? There is no known method of computing the amount of felicity or goodness in the world at large. What is obvious, however, is that the advantages accruing from recent technological advancesor, in Greek phraseology, from recent acts of hubris directed against Natureare generally accompanied by corresponding disadvantages, that gains in one direction entail losses in other directions, and that we never get something except for something. Whether the net result of these elaborate credit and debit operations is a genuine Progress in virtue, happiness, charity and intelligence is something we can never definitely determine. It is because the reality of Progress can never be determined that the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have had to treat it as an article of religious faith. To the exponents of the Perennial Philosophy, the question whether Progress is inevitable or even real is not a matter of primary importance. For them, the important thing is that individual men and women should come to the unitive knowledge of the divine Ground, and what interests them in regard to the social environment is not its progressiveness or non-progressiveness (whatever those terms may mean), but the degree to which it helps or hinders individuals in their advance towards mans final end.   next chapter: 1.05 - CHARITY

1.04 - THE APPEARANCE OF ANOMALY - CHALLENGE TO THE SHARED MAP, #Maps of Meaning, #Jordan Peterson, #Psychology   this story, while I was at the computer, so I was able to get it verbatim:   Mikhaila: Julians eyes falled out

1.05 - 2010 and 1956 - Doomsday?, #Preparing for the Miraculous, #George Van Vrekhem, #Integral Yoga   Apollo 11 and the nuclear rockets, the computer, and an   increasing miniaturization of things technological. The de-

1.05 - Computing Machines and the Nervous System, #Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, #Norbert Wiener, #Cybernetics   object:1.05 - computing Machines and the Nervous System   subject class:Cybernetics   --   There exist at present two great types of computing machines:   those like the Bush differential analyzer, 1 which are known as   --   This is, in fact, the use of the ordinary desk computing   machine, as employed in banks, in business offices, and in   --   any computing machine is used because machine methods are   faster than hand methods. In any combined use of means of   --   of computation and to introduce it only where it is absolutely   unavoidable, at the very beginning and the very end. Under   --   of computations, and to perform all intermediate processes on   the binary scale.   The ideal computing machine must then have all its data   inserted at the beginning, and must be as free as possible from   --    computation. Thus the computing machine must be a logical   machine as well as an arithmetic machine and must combine   --   The relays used in a computing machine may be of very var-   ied character. They may be purely mechanical, or they may be   --   we have said, a function equally in demand for computing   machines, is that of memory, the ability to preserve the results   --   devices which have been used in computing machines, or at   least suggested for such a use. There are two conditions which   --   We have already spoken of the computing machine, and   consequently the brain, as a logical machine. It is by no means   --   be able-­with enough time and enough computational aids-­to   prove every single case of a theorem P n ; but if there is no sys-   --   There is nothing in the nature of the computing machine   which forbids it to show conditioned reflexes. Let us remember   that a computing machine in action is more than the concatena-   tion of relays and storage mechanisms which the designer has computing Machines and the Nervous System   --   We have also seen that in the nervous computing machine it is   highly probable that information is stored largely as changes in   --   A more detailed account of learning apparatus in comput-   ing and control machines, and the uses to which it may be put,   --   such as those of the modern computing machine, are almost   indispensable.   --   purely mathematical theory. Here computational methods are   not only important for the handling of particular numerical   --   quite different from those in use in manual computation or in   the use of machines of smaller capacity. For example, even the   use of machines for computing determinants of moderately   high order or for the simultaneous solution of twenty or thirty   --   rapid computing machine are out of place in the hands of those   not possessing a sufficient degree of technical skill to take full   --   rapid computing machine will   certainly not decrease the need for mathematicians with a high   --   cal or electrical construction of computing machines, there are   a few maxims which deserve consideration. One is that mech-   --   As a final remark, let me point out that a large computing   machine, whether in the form of mechanical or electric appa-   --   than that entering it. No other computing machine approaches   the economy of energy of the brain. In a large apparatus like

1.06 - Gestalt and Universals, #Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, #Norbert Wiener, #Cybernetics   the adding and multiplying assemblies of a computing machine.   Under the circumstances, it is worth considering how such a   --   cal computing machine.   Lastly, the scanning apparatus should have a certain intrin-

1.06 - The Breaking of the Limits, #On the Way to Supermanhood, #Satprem, #Integral Yoga   We had set out in search of a self amid all this inner and outer machinery; we so much needed something other than this generic sum, this legal fiction, this curriculum vitae which is like a curriculum of death, this sum of actions and daily gestures adding up to zero or perpetually in hope of an inscrutable and elusive something, this crest of existence forever slipping away from under our feet and receding into the distance, toward another wave, the more or less happy repetition of the same old story, of the same program stored in the computer with our parents' chromosomes, our studies, our formative and deformative years; something that was not the attach case we lug around everywhere, nor the stethoscope, nor the pen, not the sum of our feelings nor the sum of our changeless thoughts that leave us forever the same and alone in our little island of self which is not self, which is millions of things crammed into us from the outside, from around and above and below us, from life, from the world, from other beings where is the self? What is me in all that? Where am I? The question had become so unbearable that one day we stepped outside stepped into nothing, which was perhaps something, but it was everything, the only way out of the leaden island. Then, little by little, in the tiny empty interval between this shadow of mechanical self and that something, or nothing, which watches it all, we saw a flame of need grow in us, a need that became more and more intense and burning as the darkness grew thicker in and around us, an inexplicable flame leaping in that stifling nothingness. And slowly, very slowly, like a vague dawn emerging from under the night, like a faraway city wrapped in fog, we saw twinkling little lights start to appear, faint signs, so faint they looked like lights floating on a dark sea, which could have been ten feet or ten miles away, unless they were the reflection of stars or the phosphorescence of noctilucas beneath the waves. But even that nothing was already something in a world filled with such unsurpassed nothingness. So we persevered. The little flame of need settled in us (or was it outside us, or in our stead?); it became our companion, our presence amid an absence of everything, our gauge, our ever-burning intimacy. And the more it grew, calling out from within us, calling so desperately in this empty and suffocating nothing, the brighter the signs grew, twinkled a little everywhere beneath our steps, as if to say, See? See?, as if calling the new world brought it to birth, as if something answered, became steadier, formed into lines, coordinates, channels, and we began to enter another country, another consciousness, another way of being but where is me in all this, the one who directs and owns, that singular traveler, the center that is neither of the ape nor of man?   So we looked intently right and left: where is me, who is me?... There is no me! Not a trace, not a single ripple of it. What is the use? There is this little shadow in front, which appropriated and piled up feelings, thoughts, powers, plans, like a beggar afraid of being robbed, afraid of destitution; it hoarded desperately on its island, yet kept dying of thirst, a perpetual thirst in the middle of the lovely sheet of water; it kept building lines of defense and fortresses against that overwhelming vastness. But we left the leaden island; we let the stronghold fall, which was not so strong as all that. We entered another current that seemed inexhaustible, a treasure giving itself unsparingly: why should we hold back anything from the present minute when at the next one there were yet other riches? Why should we think or plan anything when life organized itself according to another plan, which foiled all the old plans and, sometimes, for a second, in a sort of ripple of laughter, let us catch a glimpse of an unexpected marvel, a sudden freedom, a complete disengagement from the old program, a light and unfettered little law that opened all doors, toppled the ineluctable consequences and all the old iron laws with the flick of a finger, and left us stunned for a minute, on the threshold of an inconceivable expanse of sunlight, as though we had stepped into another solar system which is perhaps not a system at all as if breaking the mechanical limits inside had caused the same breaking of the mechanical limits outside. Maybe because the Machinery we are facing is one and the same: The world of man is what he thinks it; its laws are the result of his own constraint.

1.07 - A Song of Longing for Tara, the Infallible, #How to Free Your Mind - Tara the Liberator, #Thubten Chodron, #unset   Bon March is just not appealing to a bodhisattva. The idea of getting a discount on a ashy new car just doesnt make their day. Upgrading their computer and buying the latest digital camera doesnt jazz them. While   bodhisattvas remain involved in the world, they dont get excited about these

1.07 - BOOK THE SEVENTH, #Metamorphoses, #Ovid, #Poetry   Or cou'd they be to computation brought,   The history would a romance be thought:

1.07 - Cybernetics and Psychopathology, #Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, #Norbert Wiener, #Cybernetics   as a computing machine. Those who may draw such specific   conclusions from the considerations of this book do so at their   --   referring to the computing machine are of great practical impor-   tance, for here a chain of operations, each covering a fraction   --   possible for a chain of computational operations to involve 10 9   separate steps. Under these circumstances, the chance that at   --   In ordinary computational practice by hand or by desk   machines, it is the custom to check every step of the computa-   tion and, when an error is found, to localize it by a backward   --   nism. Like the computing machine, the brain probably works   on a variant of the famous principle expounded by Lewis Carroll   --   physical structure of the computing machine that corresponds   to the brain-­to the adult brain, at least-­but the combination   --   unknown in the case of mechanical or electrical computing   machines. A tooth of a wheel may slip under just such condi-   --   normal relations, or a high-­speed electrical computing machine   may go into a circular process which there seems to be no way to

1.10 - THE FORMATION OF THE NOOSPHERE, #The Future of Man, #Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, #Christianity   ishing electronic computers which, pulsating with signals at the   rate of hundreds of thousands a second, not only relieve our brains

1.14 - The Book of Magic Formulae, #The Practice of Magical Evocation, #Franz Bardon, #Occultism   The genuine magician has to compute his book of formulae in this or a similar manner and, in consequence, has to procede by it.   If he is acquainted with the knowledge of quabbalah, he may use the names of the relevant deities whenever he is placing his consciousness into a certain sphere. This is however just another of his aids, a support to his memory, and the true magician will be able to do without it. The first operation will presumably always be a little uncertain, but time will teach the magician everything he needs in this respect and he will, sooner or later, become a perfect master in this field of magic. Hard work will bring its reward.

1.15 - In the Domain of the Spirit Beings, #The Practice of Magical Evocation, #Franz Bardon, #Occultism   God's image, an immortal individual spirit. Although it is possible to make, out of a being computed of only one element, a fourelement-being by special magical operations and to give it an immortal spirit, a true magician will do this very seldom, and never without special reasons which must be valid enough to be justified before Divine Providence.   The Akasha-principle of the astral sphere determines also the re-incarnation into the physical world of a human being living in the astral world. The astral material of light, usually called astral light, is the most divine emanation in the astral world. To initiates who see the divine principle of the astral world this lightprinciple appears as bright as the light of the burning sun or as the sun itself, provided they were in the physical world able to behold Divine Providence in the Light without having their deity transformed into a particular shape. The individual religion of a person has its due place in the astral world insomuch as he has attributed a certain shape and name to his deity according to his religious views in the physical world. Atheists feel no necessity for a God even in the astral world and are therefore not able to form an idea of the deity there. Nevertheless, they long for something higher, much like a thirsty man longs for water. People who have believed in several religions or deities during their existance on earth will find chaotic conditions. They will have a difficult time there, if they are not able to make up their minds to follow a certain form. However, during their course of development in the astral world their conception of God will be clarified so that finally they will believe in the deity which was really best for them. This conception of God then usually determines the place of their re-incarnation.

1.65 - Man, #Magick Without Tears, #Aleister Crowley, #Philosophy   Note: In the original this letter was accompanied by four Tree of Life diagrams, three of which were copies of those which appeared in The Book of Thoth. They have been redrawn and in some cases re-arranged in an attempt to make the information readable on a computer screen.   THE KEY SCALE.

1.67 - The External Soul in Folk-Custom, #The Golden Bough, #James George Frazer, #Occultism   Batak believes that he has seven or, on a more moderate computation,   three souls. One of these souls is always outside the body, but

1.69 - Farewell to Nemi, #The Golden Bough, #James George Frazer, #Occultism   which is only about 4% of the present number of computer users.   Here is the briefest record of our progress (* means estimated):   --   disk or other eBook medium, a computer virus, or computer   codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1929-05-26 - Individual, illusion of separateness - Hostile forces and the mental plane - Psychic world, psychic being - Spiritual and psychic - Words, understanding speech and reading - Hostile forces, their utility - Illusion of action, true action, #Questions And Answers 1929-1931, #The Mother, #Integral Yoga   Whether the thing to be done takes a thousand years or only a year according to the human computation, does not matter at all, if you are one with the Divine Consciousness; for then you leave outside you the things of the human nature and you enter into the infinity and eternity of the Divine Nature. Then you escape from this feeling of a great eagerness of hurry with which men are obsessed, because they want to see things done. Agitation, haste, restlessness lead nowhere. It is foam on the sea; it is a great fuss that stops with itself. Men have a feeling that if they are not all the time running about and bursting into fits of feverish activity, they are doing nothing. It is an illusion to think that all these so-called movements change things. It is merely taking a cup and beating the water in it; the water is moved about, but it is not changed for all your beating. This illusion of action is one of the greatest illusions of human nature. It hurts progress because it brings on you the necessity of rushing always into some excited movement. If you could only perceive the illusion and see how useless it all is, how it changes nothing! Nowhere can you achieve anything by it. Those who are thus rushing about are the tools of forces that make them dance for their own amusement. And they are not forces of the best quality either.   Whatever has been done in the world has been done by the very few who can stand outside the action in silence; for it is they who are the instruments of the Divine Power. They are dynamic agents, conscious instruments; they bring down the forces that change the world. Things can be done in that way, not by a restless activity. In peace, in silence and in quietness the world was built; and each time that something is to be truly built, it is in peace and silence and quietness that it must be done. It is ignorance to believe that you must run from morning to night and labour at all sorts of futile things in order to do something for the world.

1954-07-14 - The Divine and the Shakti - Personal effort - Speaking and thinking - Doubt - Self-giving, consecration and surrender - Mothers use of flowers - Ornaments and protection, #Questions And Answers 1954, #The Mother, #Integral Yoga   Well, it was an agreement like this: the numerical value corresponded to something that it was understood Nature would give me for my work, but the significance of the flower also was something agreed upon between me and Nature. For example, take transformations. When there was a computationit was sometimes by thousands during the season, you knowwell, it represented (it was an understanding with Nature) that the same number of men would be transformed. And it was even much better than this. It was that when I gave somebody one, two, three, four, five flowers I gave him at the same time the power to transform as many elements within him. But naturally, for this to work in all sincerity, it had not to pass through the head; because when their head starts workingnot always in the right waymen spoil everything. That is why I never used to say anything about this.   It was the same thing for all flowers, aspiration, for example: the aspiration flowers which used to come in large basketfuls, you know; there were thousands and thousands of them, all counted. Well, each one represented an aspiration; and even now, sometimes, when I have flowers like prayer I have at times told you when I distribute prayer flowers, It is a prayer. Be careful, this prayer is granted. I did that, you remember, dont you? And I told you, Take care of your prayer. Pray only for what you want should be! Take great care! Because this prayer is granted. I give the flower, but at the same time the possibility of []3 the prayer you will make. Well, it will be granted. It was very interesting, in the see that I always used to tell Nature, You know, if you dont want me to have these things, you need not give them to me. There were fluctuations, there were times when things came in abundance, when I insisted; there were times when they stopped abruptly, why one couldnt tell, one did not understand She did not agree to give us Other things, on the contrary, she gave in great abundance.

1f.lovecraft - At the Mountains of Madness, #Lovecraft - Poems, #unset, #Zen    exploration. We had wormed our way very close to the computed site of    the tunnels mouthhaving crossed a second-story bridge to what seemed

1f.lovecraft - In the Vault, #Lovecraft - Poems, #unset, #Zen    and could be piled up like blocks; so he began to compute how he might    most stably use the eight to rear a scalable platform four deep. As he

1f.lovecraft - The Horror at Red Hook, #Lovecraft - Poems, #unset, #Zen    necessary to compute their numbers, ascertain their sources and    occupations, and find if possible a way to round them up and deliver

1.rb - Paracelsus - Part II - Paracelsus Attains, #Browning - Poems, #Robert Browning, #Poetry   To the extent above; fairly compute   All I have clearly gained; for once excluding

1.rb - Sordello - Book the Third, #Browning - Poems, #Robert Browning, #Poetry   For myriad ages as we men compute,   Returning into it without a break

1.rwe - Initial Love, #Emerson - Poems, #Ralph Waldo Emerson, #Philosophy   And write, and reason, and compute,   And ride, and run, and have, and hold,

1.rwe - Wealth, #Emerson - Poems, #Ralph Waldo Emerson, #Philosophy   The reeling brain can ill compute)   Copper and iron, lead and gold?

1.sig - Thou art One, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction    English version by Bernard Lewis Original Language Hebrew Thou art One, the beginning of all computation, the base of all construction. Thou art One, and in the mystery of Thy Oneness the wise of heart are astonished, for they know not what it is. Thou art One, and Thy Oneness neither diminishes nor increases, neither lacks nor exceeds. Thou art One, but not as the One that is counted or owned, for number and change cannot reach Thee, nor attribute, nor form. Thou art One, but my mind is too feeble to set Thee a law or a limit, and therefore I say: "I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue." Thou art One, and Thou art exalted high above abasement and falling -- not like a man, who falls when he is alone. [1568.jpg] -- from The Heart and the Fountain: An Anthology of Jewish Mystical Experiences, by Joseph Dan <

1.whitman - Chanting The Square Deific, #Whitman - Poems, #unset, #Zen   Aged beyond computationyet ever newever with those mighty laws       rolling,

1.ww - The Old Cumberland Beggar, #Wordsworth - Poems, #unset, #Zen    Of idle computation. In the sun,    Upon the second step of that small pile,

2.01 - Habit 1 Be Proactive, #The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, #Stephen Covey, #unset   Even the most intelligent animals have none of these endowments. To use a computer metaphor, they are programmed by instinct and/or training. They can be trained to be responsible, but they can't take responsibility for that training; in other words, they can't direct it. They can't change the programming. They're not even aware of it.   But because of our unique human endowments, we can write new programs for ourselves totally apart from our instincts and training. This is why an animal's capacity is relatively limited and man's is unlimited. But if we live like animals, out of our own instincts and conditioning and conditions, out of our collective memory, we too will be limited.

2.02 - Habit 2 Begin with the End in Mind, #The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, #Stephen Covey, #unset   Personal responsibility, or proactivity, is fundamental to the first creation. Returning to the computer metaphor, Habit 1 says "You are the programmer." Habit 2, then, says, "Write the program."   Until you accept the idea that you are responsible, that you are the programmer, you won't really invest in writing the program.

2.05 - Habit 3 Put First Things First, #The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, #Stephen Covey, #unset   Returning once more to the computer metaphor, if Habit 1 says "You're the programmer" and Habit   2 says "Write the program," then Habit 3 says "Run the program," "Live the program." And living it is primarily a function of our independent will, our self-discipline, our integrity, and commitment -- not to short-term goals and schedules or to the impulse of the moment, but to the correct principles and our own deepest values, which give meaning and context to our goals, our schedules, and our lives.

2.14 - The Unpacking of God, #Sex Ecology Spirituality, #Ken Wilber, #Philosophy   (For example: all ecological forecasts are forms of as-if and what-if scientific projections, often computerized.   These can only be grasped by formop. Teach these what-if scenarios to preop or conop individuals, and no matter how much they repeat the words, they do not possess the developmental signified and thus they have no real idea of the actual referent. Genuinely global or worldcentric consciousness is not possible short of formop. In other words, global consciousness is not an objective belief that can be taught to anybody and everybody, but a subjective transformation in the interior structures that can hold the belief in the first place, which itself is the product of a long line of inner consciousness development.)

2.22 - Rebirth and Other Worlds; Karma, the Soul and Immortality, #The Life Divine, #Sri Aurobindo, #Integral Yoga   In Indian astrology which considers all life circumstances to be Karma, mostly predetermined or indicated in the graph of the stars, there is still provision made for the energy and force of the being which can change or cancel part or much of what is so written or even all but the most imperative and powerful bindings of Karma. This is a reasonable account of the balance: but there is also to be added to the computation the fact that destiny is not simple but complex; the destiny which binds our physical being, binds it so long or in so far as a greater law does not intervene. Action belongs to the physical part of us, it is the physical outcome of our being; but behind our surface is a freer life power, a freer mind power which has another energy and can create another destiny and bring it in to modify the primary plan, and when the soul and self emerges, when we become consciously spiritual beings, that change can cancel or wholly remodel the graph of our physical fate. Karma, then, - or at least any mechanical law of Karma, - cannot be accepted as the sole determinant of circumstances and the whole machinery of rebirth and of our future evolution.   But this is not all; for the statement of the Law errs by an over-simplification and the arbitrary selection of a limited principle. Action is a resultant of the energy of the being, but this energy is not of one sole kind; the consciousness-force of the spirit manifests itself in many kinds of energies: there are inner activities of mind, activities of life, of desire, passion, impulse, character, activities of the senses and the body, a pursuit of truth and knowledge, a pursuit of beauty, a pursuit of ethical good or evil, a pursuit of power, love, joy, happiness, fortune, success, pleasure, life satisfactions of all kinds, life enlargement, a pursuit of individual or collective objects, a pursuit of the health, strength, capacity, satisfaction of the body. All this makes an exceedingly complex sum of the manifold experience and manysided action of the spirit in life, and its variety cannot be set aside in favour of a single principle, neither can it be hammered into so many sections of the single duality of ethical good and evil; ethics, the maintenance of human standards of morality, cannot, therefore, be the sole preoccupation of the cosmic Law or the sole principle of determination of the working of Karma.

3.04 - LUNA, #Mysterium Coniunctionis, #Carl Jung, #Psychology   [196] This is what has happened in our text: the thief is contrasted with the winged youth, who represents the other aspect, or personifies the true sulphur, the spirit of inner truth which measures man not by his relation to the mass but by his relation to the mystery of the psyche. This winged youth (the spiritual Mercurius) is obviously aware of his own weakness and flees shuddering from the crude sulphur. The standpoint of the inner man is the more threatened the more overpowering that of the outer man is. Sometimes only his invisibility saves him. He is so small that no one would miss him if he were not the sine qua non of inner peace and happiness.345 In the last resort it is neither the eighty-million-strong nation nor the State that feels peace and happiness, but the individual. Nobody can ever get round the simple computation that a million noughts in a row do not add up to 1, just as the loudest talk can never abolish the simple psychological fact that the larger the mass the more nugatory is the individual.   [197] The shy and delicate youth stands for everything that is winged in the psyche or that would like to sprout wings. But it dies from the poison of organizational thinking and mass statistics; the individual succumbs to the madness that sooner or later overtakes every mass the death-instinct of the lemmings. In the political sphere the name for this is war.

3.05 - SAL, #Mysterium Coniunctionis, #Carl Jung, #Psychology    mentioned earlier. Just as the numerous synonyms and attri butes of the lapis stress now one and now another of its aspects, so do the symbols of the self. Apart from its preservative quality salt has mainly the metaphorical meaning of sapientia. With regard to this aspect the Tractatus aureus states: It is said in the mystic language of our sages, He who works without salt will never raise dead bodies. . . . He who works without salt draws a bow without a string. For you must know that these sayings refer to a very different kind of salt from the common mineral. . . . Sometimes they call the medicine itself Salt. 652 These words are ambiguous: here salt means wit as well as wisdom. As to the importance of salt in the opus, Johannes Grasseus says of the arcane substance: And this is the Lead of the Philosophers, which they also call the lead of the air. In it is found the shining white dove, named the salt of the metals, wherein is the whole magistery of the work. This [dove] is the pure, chaste, wise, and rich Queen of Sheba.653 Here salt, arcane substance (the paradoxical lead of the air), the white dove (spiritus sapientiae), wisdom, and femininity appear in one figure. The saying from the Gloria mundi is quite clear: No man can understand this Art who does not know the salt and its preparation.654 For the Aquarium sapientum the sal sapientiae comes from the aqua benedicta or aqua pontica, which, itself an extract, is named heart, soul, and spirit. At first the aqua is contained in the prima materia and is of a blood-red colour; but after its preparation it becomes of a bright, clear, transparent white, and is called by the sages the Salt of Wisdom.655 Khunrath boldly summarizes these statements about the salt when he says: Our water cannot be made without the salt of wisdom, for it is the salt of wisdom itself, say the philosophers; a fire, and a salt fire, the true Living Universal Menstruum. Without salt the work has no success.656 Elsewhere he remarks: Not without good reason has salt been adorned by the wise with the name of Wisdom. Salt is the lapis, a mystery to be hidden.657 Vigenerus says that the Redeemer chose his disciples that they might be the salt of men and proclaim to them the pure and incorruptible doctrine of the gospel. He reports the Cabalists as saying that the computatio658 of the Hebrew word for salt (melach) gives the number 78. This number could be divided by any divisor and still give a word that referred to the divine Name. We will not pursue the inferences he draws from this but will only note that for all those reasons salt was used for the service of God in all offerings and sacrifices.659 Glauber calls Christ the sal sapientiae and says that his favourite disciple John was salted with the salt of wisdom.660   [330] Apart from its lunar wetness and its terrestrial nature, the most outstanding properties of salt are bitterness and wisdom. As in the double quaternio of the elements and qualities, earth and water have coldness in common, so bitterness and wisdom would form a pair of opposites with a third thing between. (See diagram on facing page.) The factor common to both, however incommensurable the two ideas may seem, is, psychologically, the function of feeling. Tears, sorrow, and disappointment are bitter, but wisdom is the comforter in all psychic suffering. Indeed, bitterness and wisdom form a pair of alternatives: where there is bitterness wisdom is lacking, and where wisdom is there can be no bitterness. Salt, as the carrier of this fateful alternative, is co-ordinated with the nature of woman. The masculine, solar nature in the right half of the quaternio knows neither coldness, nor a shadow, nor heaviness, melancholy, etc., because, so long as all goes well, it identifies as closely as possible with consciousness, and that as a rule is the idea which one has of oneself. In this idea the shadow is usually missing: first because nobody likes to admit to any inferiority, and second because logic forbids something white to be called black. A good man has good qualities, and only the bad man has bad qualities. For reasons of prestige we pass over the shadow in complete silence. A famous example of masculine prejudice is Nietzsches Superman, who scorns compassion and fights against the Ugliest Man the ordinary man that everyone is. The shadow must not be seen, it must be denied, repressed, or twisted into something quite extraordinary. The sun is always shining and everything smiles back. There is no room for any prestige-diminishing weakness, so the sol niger is never seen. Only in solitary hours is its presence feared.

3.05 - The Conjunction, #The Practice of Psycho therapy, #Carl Jung, #Psychology   when the dream material comes to be analysed. Many alchemists compute   the duration of the opus to be that of a pregnancy, and they liken the entire

3-5 Full Circle, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction   Stated more simply, each person is a complex key and every social habitat a compound lock. For thousands of years mankind has matched its human locks and keys by the expensive, painful, inconclusive method of theory-less trial and error. The first part of this chapter departs from this method by putting in train the classification of locks and keys. Its second part, by Arthur Jensen, describes the ever more accurate and reliable diagnoses of peoples' inborn genotypic capabilities. To this must then be added the diagnosis of habitat capabilities for transforming the individuals' genetic potentials into phenotypic actualities. Together, these operations will become a technology second to none in importance. (In the section on mapping the web-of-mind, a method is developed for cheap and painless computer simulation of the mutual consequences of placing each of the various kinds of students in any of the various kinds of schools, extant and theoretical. No means and effort should be spared to develop this technology as fast as possible.)   Human Stratification and Periodicity, Figure IV-1, and their development, Figure IV-2, are here, I believe, accounted for in a manner consistent with the data and operations of all the sciences involved: with genetics, psychology, linguistics, history, anthropology, and sociology.9 Geometrized political science, briefly presented in the second Chapter which is strongly concerned with the qualitative, directional component of human cultures--accords with all these data and theories.1 Its detailed presentation, however, like that of the present quantitative (not numerically, but geometrically quantitative) studies, display the same background structure as do the six lower Major Strata (natural kingdoms) and Major Periods (natural empires), conforming to what Heisenberg calls the central order.   --   Stated more simply, each person is a complex key and every social habitat a compound lock. For thousands of years mankind has matched its human locks and keys by the expensive, painful, inconclusive method of theory-less trial and error. The first part of this chapter departs from this method by putting in train the classification of locks and keys. Its second part, by Arthur Jensen, describes the ever more accurate and reliable diagnoses of peoples' inborn genotypic capabilities. To this must then be added the diagnosis of habitat capabilities for transforming the individuals' genetic potentials into phenotypic actualities. Together, these operations will become a technology second to none in importance. (In the section on mapping the web-of-mind, a method is developed for cheap and painless computer simulation of the mutual consequences of placing each of the various kinds of students in any of the various kinds of schools, extant and theoretical. No means and effort should be spared to develop this technology as fast as possible.)   Human Stratification and Periodicity, Figure IV-1, and their development, Figure IV-2, are here, I believe, accounted for in a manner consistent with the data and operations of all the sciences involved: with genetics, psychology, linguistics, history, anthropology, and sociology.9 Geometrized political science, briefly presented in the second Chapter which is strongly concerned with the qualitative, directional component of human cultures--accords with all these data and theories.1 Its detailed presentation, however, like that of the present quantitative (not numerically, but geometrically quantitative) studies, display the same background structure as do the six lower Major Strata (natural kingdoms) and Major Periods (natural empires), conforming to what Heisenberg calls the central order.   --   This order, abstracted from the whole System-hierarchy, is System-theoretic in nature. It is thus, as Northrop advocates, deductively formulated and operationally verifiable. The second step will then be to map a previously bewildering detail within the bigger map. Namely, the exploratory "voyages" being made by some American colleges and universities whose destinations, this map and compass predict, will prove disastrous. By such prediction--and by computer simulation which this mapping permits and which, if opportunity to do so were provided, would be faster and cheaper--we might prevent irreversible destruction.   The big map represents the territory described by three explorers whose discoveries supplement each other and coincide with the central order described in Chapter II. Arnold Toynbee's Study of History,7 Digby Baltzell's "Protestant Establishment--Aristocracy and Caste in America",15 and Lloyd Warner and associates Yankee City Series.9 Using the characteristic numbers set forth in the Periodic Table of Human Cultures, the following map outlines the cybernetic structure of human cultures.   --   Would-be controllers and navigators are then ready to pay real attention to the new map. I admit that it is imperfect, but point out that with computer help it is perfectible. And what is the alternative? To go on muddling to the bitter end.l6   This map represents the two main components of all lower Industrial nations, Period 6. It does so regardless of whether they are capitalist, socialist, communist, or fascist; and regardless whether they are Caucasoid, Mongoloid, or Negroid.   --   The parts of Unified Science are mutually illuminating, reciprocally correcting, and Circle expanding. Among these parts is the microcosm: the mentalities of all the human Periods and Strata, from naked Hunters and Gatherers in dry Australian deserts to space-suited, computer-guided astronauts on the airless moon. Unified Science conveys to each of these microcosms, and internalizes within it, the macrocosm's verifiable and compelling natural and moral law.34   In the light of this Full Circle, the above-mapped 19th century American and 20th century Soviet webs-of-mind gain meaning and permit prediction. For in both of these cultures the distinction between controller and work component, Minority and Majority, is clear, and their ordination is cybernetically correct. Each of these systems had, or has, a public philosophy at the time in question which accords with the central order in regard to the superordination of controller over work component. Unified Science permits us to formulate the problem of open and selective admissions and to predict the outcomes of these alternative solutions as follows:   --   29. These tests will of course also show the existence and the size of what Thomas Jefferson called the artficial aristocracy. "There is also an artificial aristocracy," he wrote in the same letter, "founded on wealth and birth, without either virtue or talents."28 We probably can, however, go a great deal deeper: with computer help we probably can show various degrees of talents, and degrees of diverse temperaments. Also significant combinations of these degrees and kinds of innate talent and virtue or viciousness, as the case may be. These we can then match with appropriate schools and other kinds of training.   30. The giant corporations and monopolistic trade unions are fully as disintegrative, intensifying the system's malfunction (see Mintz, Morton, and J. S. Cohen, with a preface by Ralph Nader, "America, Inc.--Who Owns and Operates the United States," Dial Press, New York, 197I.)   --   Some such developments are already being redirected: America's vast Super Sonic Transport project, for instance, was scrapped by the United States Government at enormous financial cost, and a powerful revival attempt was later resisted even by its manufacturers themselves. Dr. George T. Lodge has consolidated this position by demonstrating the preponderance of undesirable over desirable consequences of Super Sonic Transport.7 What we see here emerging is the technological ombudsman which Alvin Toffler described in Future Shock.8 computer simulation of webs-of-life and webs-of-mind (Chapters II and IV) will probably become its most effective method. The time will soon come when no proposed technological innovation will be executed until it has been subjected to moral analysis; that is, oriented relative to the Periodic coordinate system and judged to be constructive and ectropic over-all. May not, then, Unified Science be called "sovereign becoming's" charioteer?   2. UNIFIED SCIENCE IS MODERN PHILOSOPHY IN THE   --   Being (n.) sentient. (Res cogitans) Sentience is the capacity of a being or system to simulate systems behavior, as also to simulate simulation; that is, to simulate the behavior of sentient systems, living or mechanical, such as computers. Sentient systems thus form a systems-hierarchy (q.v.) such, that each higher member of the hierarchy accurately simulates the behavior of lower members than itself. (See Simulation.) The hierarchy evolves by emergence (through mutation, maturation, training or invention) of ever higher levels of abstraction (q.v.). Simulation of the behavior of higher by lower members of the hierarchy is called mimesis (q.v.). The part of the universe excluded from Western science in the l7th century by mutual consent of scientists and theologians.   Biocenose (n.) A living community, usually including abiotic, plant and animal components. (See Biome, Ecosystem.)   --   Simulation (n.) The matching of a system's structure or behavior by another system such, that some degree of isomorphy or structural correspondence of the two behaviors or structures results. (See Model, Modelling.) Simulation differs from duplication (q.v.) in that the medium in which, and method by which, the model is simulated is different from the materials of which the model is composed or enacted, and the method by which it was developed. In duplication, materials and methods are substantially the same in all resultant isomorphic systems. Simulation can be techno-logical (primarily controlled by mind) or techno-genetic (primarily controlled by the genetic apparatus) . Some insects simulate plants technogenetically. Some computers simulate webs of life (q.v.) technologically. (See Technology, Technogeny.)   Social Capital (term coined by Gottlieb Duttweiler ca. 1935) A free-enterprise or capitalist economy displaying a vertical front (q.v.). Here, one side of the vertical front is traditionally capitalistic, displaying both predation and parasitism, (q.v.); the other side is symbiotic (q.v.) or class-cooperative. It is controlled by a creative Minority (q.v.) and competes with the part of society controlled by the dominant Minority (q.v.), forcing it into class cooperation ( - , + ) ( + , + ) or ( + , - ) ( + , + ). Social capital is a peaceful and sucessful alternative to socialism. C.f. Schizmogenesis, Front, vertical, Front, horizontal.   --   The first step, then, in defining type specimens in this domain, is to select ecosystems with clearly discernible controllers such as, say, beaver valleys, and to compile the most reliable written, pictorial, and film records of them in existence. The next step is to draw up the ecosystem's web-of life, on the general pattern displayed in Figure II-14b. This involves clear assessment of each participant's Characteristic Number, relating each organismic and abiotic factor to the Periodic Table in each major respect. This will disclose role-duplications, triplications, and higher multiplications; reveal many unsuspected forms of indirect coaction; display gaps in our image of the web and lead us to fill them in. This procedure will yield us far more complete and detailed understanding of each participant's own ecosystem--its own organism habitat system--than we now have, and prepare the third step. This is to assess the quantities of the processes comprising the strategic organismic or abiotic factors' webs. This will, in turn, permit us to simulate strategic webs with a computer, modifying, introducing, or eliminating factors at will and predicting the consequences. This will permit empirical verification, with subsequent changes and improvements of our image (theory) until its accuracy is as great as necessary for feasible and effective control.   This project should coordinate large sectors of biological data and research, as the verification and completion of the Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements did for chemical data after 1869. This is a pre-condition for technology assessment.

37.05 - Narada - Sanatkumara (Chhandogya Upanishad), #Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta - Vol 08, #unset, #Zen    RISHI Sanatkumara was once approached by Narada (evidently not yet become a Rishi), who said, "Lord, I desire to be taught by you. Please teach me." The Rishi replied, "Very well, but first tell me how much you know; then I shall tell you if you need more." Narada thereupon made out an inventory of his learning; it was a formidable list. "My Lord, this is what I have learnt: Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, Atharvaveda, the Fifth Veda comprising History and Mythology; next, Grammar, Mathematics, Logic and Politics, the Science of computing Time, Theology, Fine Arts and the Ritual Lore; Demonology, Astrology, and the Art of Predicting Fate; the Knowledge of Ancestors and of Serpents. I know all this, my Lord, and very well. This has made me master of the Word, but has not given me knowledge of the Self. I have heard that only by the knowledge of the Self can one pass beyond sorrow and pain. I am immersed in sorrow and pain, please reach me to the other shore."    Sanatkumara said, "All that you have studied and learnt is nothing but 'Name', no more than words. You have reached as far as 'Name' can take you, giving you as fruit the power to roam at will, that is, you can go unimpeded where you will. But that is about all." Then Narada asked, "Is there anything superior to Name?" "Of course, there is," replied Sanatkumara. "Then tell me about it." "Superior to Name is Speech, that is, Name with form and meaning." Thus he went on replying to the series of Narada's questions.

3.7.1.11 - Rebirth and Karma, #Essays In Philosophy And Yoga, #Sri Aurobindo, #Integral Yoga   The old idea of rebirth errs on the contrary by an excessive individualism. Too self-concentrated, it treated ones rebirth and karma as too much ones own single affair, a sharply separate movement in the whole, leaned too much on ones own concern with ones self and even while it admitted universal relations and a unity with the whole, yet taught the human being to see in life principally a condition and means of his own spiritual benefit and separate salvation. That came from the view of the universe as a movement which proceeds out of something beyond, something from which each being enters into life and returns out of it to its source, and the absorbing idea of that return as the one thing that at all matters. Our being in the world, so treated, came in the end to be regarded as an episode and in sum and essence an unhappy and discreditable episode in the changeless eternity of the Spirit. But this was too summary a view of the will and the ways of the Spirit in existence. Certain it is that while we are here, our rebirth or karma, even while it runs on its own lines, is intimately one with the same lines in the universal existence. But my self-knowledge and self-finding too do not abolish my oneness with other life and other beings. An intimate universality is part of the glory of spiritual perfection. This idea of universality, of oneness not only with God or the eternal Self in me, but with all humanity and other beings, is growing to be the most prominent strain in our minds and it has to be taken more largely into account in any future idea or computation of the significance of rebirth and karma. It was admitted in old times; the Buddhist law of compassion was a recognition of its importance; but it has to be given a still more pervading power in the general significance.   The self-effectuation of the Spirit in the world is the truth on which we take our foundation, a great, a long self-weaving in time. Rebirth is the continuity of that self-effectuation in the individual, the persistence of the thread; Karma is the process, a force, a work of energy and consequence in the material world, an inner and an outer will, an action and mental, moral, dynamic consequence in the soul evolution of which the material world is a constant scene. That is the conception; the rest is a question of the general and particular laws, the way in which karma works out and helps the purpose of the spirit in birth and life. And whatever those laws and ways may be, they must be subservient to this spiritual self-effectuation and take from it all their meaning and value. The law is a means, a line of working for the spirit, and does not exist for its own sake or for the service of any abstract idea. Idea and law of working are only direction and road for the souls progress in the steps of its existence.

4.02 - Humanity in Progress, #Hymn of the Universe, #Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, #Christianity   invention, mathematics, art, the exact computation   of space and time, the dreams and anxieties of love:

5.4.01 - Notes on Root-Sounds, #Vedic and Philological Studies, #Sri Aurobindo, #Integral Yoga   dimension, computation; proof, authority; likeness.    my, mine

Apology, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction   other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or   cannot be read by your equipment.   --    computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It   exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations

BOOK III. - The external calamities of Rome, #City of God, #Saint Augustine of Hippo, #Christianity   Then followed the victory of Sylla, the so-called avenger of the cruelties of Marius. But not only was his victory purchased with great bloodshed; but when hostilities were finished, hostility survived, and the subsequent peace was bloody as the war. To the former and still recent massacres of the elder Marius, the younger Marius and Carbo, who belonged to the same party, added greater atrocities. For when Sylla approached, and they despaired not only of victory, but of life itself, they made a promiscuous massacre of friends and foes. And, not satisfied with staining every corner of Rome with blood, they besieged the senate, and led forth the senators to death from the curia as from a prison. Mucius Scvola the pontiff was slain at the altar of Vesta, which he had clung to[Pg 130] because no spot in Rome was more sacred than her temple; and his blood well-nigh extinguished the fire which was kept alive by the constant care of the virgins. Then Sylla entered the city victorious, after having slaughtered in the Villa Publica, not by combat, but by an order, 7000 men who had surrendered, and were therefore unarmed; so fierce was the rage of peace itself, even after the rage of war was extinct. Moreover, throughout the whole city every partisan of Sylla slew whom he pleased, so that the number of deaths went beyond computation, till it was suggested to Sylla that he should allow some to survive, that the victors might not be destitute of subjects. Then this furious and promiscuous licence to murder was checked, and much relief was expressed at the publication of the prescription list, containing though it did the death-warrant of two thousand men of the highest ranks, the senatorial and equestrian. The large number was indeed saddening, but it was consolatory that a limit was fixed; nor was the grief at the numbers slain so great as the joy that the rest were secure. But this very security, hard-hearted as it was, could not but bemoan the exquisite torture applied to some of those who had been doomed to die. For one was torn to pieces by the unarmed hands of the executioners; men treating a living man more savagely than wild beasts are used to tear an abandoned corpse. Another had his eyes dug out, and his limbs cut away bit by bit, and was forced to live a long while, or rather to die a long while, in such torture. Some celebrated cities were put up to auction, like farms; and one was collectively condemned to slaughter, just as an individual criminal would be condemned to death. These things were done in peace when the war was over, not that victory might be more speedily obtained, but that, after being obtained, it might not be thought lightly of. Peace vied with war in cruelty, and surpassed it: for while war overthrew armed hosts, peace slew the defenceless. War gave liberty to him who was attacked, to strike if he could; peace granted to the survivors not life, but an unresisting death.     29. A comparison of the disasters which Rome experienced during the Gothic and Gallic invasions, with those occasioned by the authors of the civil wars.

BOOK II. -- PART I. ANTHROPOGENESIS., #The Secret Doctrine, #H P Blavatsky, #Theosophy   ancients, as that of their cycles and computations. From the Egyptians down to the Jews it was held as   the highest sin to divulge anything pertaining to the correct measure of time. It was for divulging the   --   the time a conjunction of the Sun and Moon -- and Bailly proved by a lengthy and careful computation   of that date, that, even if fictitious, the epoch from which they had started to establish the beginning of

BOOK II. -- PART III. ADDENDA. SCIENCE AND THE SECRET DOCTRINE CONTRASTED, #The Secret Doctrine, #H P Blavatsky, #Theosophy   account could only be followed through Kabalistic computation, and with a key to it in the hand. . .   We had characterised the late George Smith's chronology of the Chaldeans and Assyrians, made by   --   Mr. St. George Mivart is found arguing that -. . . . ". . . . it will be a moderate computation to allow 25,000,000 for the deposition of   the strata down to and including the Upper Silurian. If,   --   (our Earth) came not into the computation when the Six were created (the six spheres above our globe   in the terrestrial chain), so the first seven Kings of Edom are left out of calculation in Genesis. By the   --   makes some approach to our esoteric computation, if we leave the first two semi-human, ethereal   races, and the early Third Race out of the computation.   The question, however, arises -- who were these Palaeolithic men of the European quaternary epoch?

BOOK II. -- PART II. THE ARCHAIC SYMBOLISM OF THE WORLD-RELIGIONS, #The Secret Doctrine, #H P Blavatsky, #Theosophy   is said to give a near approach to the true relation among the various values for the computations of the   value of [[pi]], the author of the "Source of Measures" reproduces a curious statement. Mr. Bentley, it   --   "Hanokh transmitted the science of (astronomical) calculation and of computing the seasons to Noah,"   says the Midrash Pirkah R. Eliezar (cap. viii.), referring to Henoch that which others did to Hermes   --   their secret computations, the Japanese have the same figures in their cycles. As to the Brahmins, their   Puranas and Upanishads are a good proof of it. The latter have passed entirely into Gnostic literature;   --   shows the ancients counting, in their chronological computations, days for years. Dr. Sepp in his   ingenious plagiarism -- exposed elsewhere -- of the Hindu 432 in thousands and millions of years (the   --   their year into twenty-four fortnights, but such computation did not, nor does it prevent their having an   astronomical year just the same as ours. And they have a period of sixty days -- the Southern Indian

BOOK I. -- PART III. SCIENCE AND THE SECRET DOCTRINE CONTRASTED, #The Secret Doctrine, #H P Blavatsky, #Theosophy   astronomical, and makes its computations accordingly. Nor will it hear of any other than imaginary   circles or circuits in the starry heavens that gird them -"With centric and eccentric scribbled o'er   --   predetermined by even simple astronomical computations. Believers in astrology will understand our   meaning, sceptics will laugh at the belief and mock the idea. Thus they shut their eyes, ostrich-like, to   --   and mathematically correct computations which enable the WISE MEN OF THE EAST to foretell,   for instance, that England is on the eve of such or another catastrophe; France, nearing such a point of

BOOK XIII. - That death is penal, and had its origin in Adam's sin, #City of God, #Saint Augustine of Hippo, #Christianity    computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by   your equipment.   --   electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers   including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists   because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from

BOOK XII. - Of the creation of angels and men, and of the origin of evil, #City of God, #Saint Augustine of Hippo, #Christianity   They are deceived, too, by those highly mendacious documents which profess to give the history of many thousand years, though, reckoning by the sacred writings, we find that not 6000 years have yet passed.[533] And, not to spend many words in exposing the baselessness of these documents, in[Pg 495] which so many thousands of years are accounted for, nor in proving that their authorities are totally inadequate, let me cite only that letter which Alexander the Great wrote to his mother Olympias,[534] giving her the narrative he had from an Egyptian priest, which he had extracted from their sacred archives, and which gave an account of kingdoms mentioned also by the Greek historians. In this letter of Alexander's a term of upwards of 5000 years is assigned to the kingdom of Assyria; while in the Greek history only 1300 years are reckoned from the reign of Bel himself, whom both Greek and Egyptian agree in counting the first king of Assyria. Then to the empire of the Persians and Macedonians this Egyptian assigned more than 8000 years, counting to the time of Alexander, to whom he was speaking; while among the Greeks, 485 years are assigned to the Macedonians down to the death of Alexander, and to the Persians 233 years, reckoning to the termination of his conquests. Thus these give a much smaller number of years than the Egyptians; and indeed, though multiplied three times, the Greek chronology would still be shorter. For the Egyptians are said to have formerly reckoned only four months to their year;[535] so that one year, according to the fuller and truer computation now in use among them as well as among ourselves, would comprehend three of their old years. But not even thus, as I said, does the Greek history correspond with the Egyptian in its chronology. And therefore the former must receive the greater credit, because it does not exceed the true account of the duration of the world as it is given by our documents, which are truly sacred. Further, if this letter of Alexander, which has become so famous, differs widely in this matter of chronology from the probable credible account, how much less can we believe these documents which, though full of fabulous and fictitious antiquities, they would fain oppose to the authority of our well-known and divine books, which predicted[Pg 496] that the whole world would believe them, and which the whole world accordingly has believed; which proved, too, that it had truly narrated past events by its prediction of future events, which have so exactly come to pass!     11. Of those who suppose that this world indeed is not eternal, but that either there are numberless worlds, or that one and the same world is perpetually resolved into its elements, and renewed at the conclusion of fixed cycles.

BOOK XVIII. - A parallel history of the earthly and heavenly cities from the time of Abraham to the end of the world, #City of God, #Saint Augustine of Hippo, #Christianity   To be brief, the city of Rome was founded, like another Babylon, and as it were the daughter of the former Babylon, by which God was pleased to conquer the whole world, and subdue it far and wide by bringing it into one fellowship of government and laws. For there were already powerful and brave peoples and nations trained to arms, who did not easily yield, and whose subjugation necessarily involved great danger and destruction as well as great and horrible labour. For when the Assyrian kingdom subdued almost all Asia, although this was done by fighting, yet the wars could not be very fierce or difficult, because the nations were as yet untrained to resist, and neither so many nor so great as afterward; forasmuch as, after that greatest and indeed universal flood, when only eight men escaped in Noah's ark, not much more than a thousand years had passed when Ninus subdued all Asia with the exception of India. But Rome did not with the same quickness and facility wholly subdue all those nations of the east and west which we see brought under the Roman empire, because, in its gradual increase, in whatever direction it was extended, it found them strong and warlike. At the time when Rome was founded, then, the people of Israel had been in the land of promise seven hundred and eighteen years. Of these years twenty-seven belong to Joshua the son of Nun, and after that three hundred and twenty-nine to the period of the judges. But from the time when the kings began to reign there, three hundred and sixty-two years had passed. And at that time there was a king in Judah called Ahaz, or, as others compute, Hezekiah his successor, the best and most pious king, who it is admitted reigned in the times of[Pg 242] Romulus. And in that part of the Hebrew nation called Israel, Hoshea had begun to reign.   23. Of the Erythran sibyl, who is known to have sung many things about Christ more plainly than the other sibyls.   --   Daniel and Ezekiel, other two of the greater prophets, also first prophesied in the very captivity of Babylon. Daniel even defined the time when Christ was to come and suffer by the exact date. It would take too long to show this by computation, and it has been done often by others before us. But of His power and glory he has thus spoken: "I saw in a night vision, and, behold, one like the Son of man was coming with the clouds of heaven, and He came even to the Ancient of days, and He was brought into His presence. And to Him there was given dominion, and honour, and a kingdom: and all people, tribes, and tongues shall serve Him. His power is an everlasting power, which shall not pass away, and His kingdom shall not be destroyed."[559]   Ezekiel also, speaking prophetically in the person of God the Father, thus foretells Christ, speaking of Him in the prophetic manner as David because He assumed flesh of the seed of David, and on account of that form of a servant in which He was made man, He who is the Son of God is also called the servant of God. He says, "And I will set up over[Pg 259] my sheep one Shepherd, who will feed them, even my servant David; and He shall feed them, and He shall be their shepherd. And I the Lord will be their God, and my servant David a prince in the midst of them. I the Lord have spoken."[560] And in another place he says, "And one King shall be over them all: and they shall no more be two nations, neither shall they be divided any more into two kingdoms: neither shall they defile themselves any more with their idols, and their abominations, and all their iniquities. And I will save them out of all their dwelling-places wherein they have sinned, and will cleanse them; and they shall be my people, and I will be their God. And my servant David shall be king over them, and there shall be one Shepherd for them all."[561]   --   Truly Jesus Himself shall extinguish by His presence that last persecution which is to be made by Antichrist. For so it is written, that "He shall slay him with the breath of His mouth, and empty him with the brightness of His presence."[613] It is customary to ask, When shall that be? But this is quite unreasonable. For had it been profitable for us to know this, by whom could it better have been told than by God Himself, the Master, when the disciples questioned Him? For they were not silent when with Him, but inquired of Him, saying, "Lord, wilt Thou at this time present the kingdom to Israel, or when?"[614] But He said, "It is not for you to know the times, which the Father hath put in His own power." When they got that answer, they had not at all questioned Him about the hour, or day, or year, but about the time. In vain, then, do we attempt to compute definitely the years that may remain to this world, when we may hear from the mouth of the Truth that it is not for us to know this. Yet some have said that four hundred, some five hundred, others a thousand years, may be completed from the ascension of the Lord up to His final coming. But to point out how each of them supports his own opinion would take too long, and is not necessary; for indeed they use human conjectures, and bring forward nothing certain from the authority of the canonical Scriptures. But on this subject He puts aside the figures of the calculators, and orders silence, who says, "It is not for you to know the times, which the Father hath put in His own power."   [Pg 289]

BOOK XV. - The progress of the earthly and heavenly cities traced by the sacred history, #City of God, #Saint Augustine of Hippo, #Christianity   10. Of the different computation of the ages of the antediluvians, given by the Hebrew manuscripts and by our own.[166]   Wherefore, although there is a discrepancy for which I cannot account between our manuscripts and the Hebrew, in the very number of years assigned to the antediluvians, yet the discrepancy is not so great that they do not agree about their longevity. For the very first man, Adam, before he begot his son Seth, is in our manuscripts found to have lived 230 years, but in the Hebrew mss. 130. But after he begot Seth, our copies read that he lived 700 years, while the Hebrew give 800. And thus, when the two periods are taken together, the sum agrees. And so throughout the succeeding generations, the period before the father begets a son is always made shorter by 100 years in the Hebrew, but the period after his son is begotten is longer by 100 years in the Hebrew than in our copies. And thus, taking the two periods together, the result is the same in both. And in the sixth[Pg 66] generation there is no discrepancy at all. In the seventh, however, of which Enoch is the representative, who is recorded to have been translated without death because he pleased God, there is the same discrepancy as in the first five generations, 100 years more being ascribed to him by our mss. before he begat a son. But still the result agrees; for according to both documents he lived before he was translated 365 years. In the eighth generation the discrepancy is less than in the others, and of a different kind. For Methuselah, whom Enoch begat, lived, before he begat his successor, not 100 years less, but 100 years more, according to the Hebrew reading; and in our mss. again these years are added to the period after he begat his son; so that in this case also the sum-total is the same. And it is only in the ninth generation, that is, in the age of Lamech, Methuselah's son and Noah's father, that there is a discrepancy in the sum-total; and even in this case it is slight. For the Hebrew mss. represent him as living twenty-four years more than ours assign to him. For before he begat his son, who was called Noah, six years fewer are given to him by the Hebrew mss. than by ours; but after he begat this son, they give him thirty years more than ours; so that, deducting the former six, there remains, as we said, a surplus of twenty-four.   --   From this discrepancy between the Hebrew books and our own arises the well-known question as to the age of Methuselah;[167] for it is computed that he lived for fourteen years after the deluge, though Scripture relates that of all who were then upon the earth only the eight souls in the ark escaped destruction by the flood, and of these Methuselah was not one. For, according to our books, Methuselah, before he begat the son whom he called Lamech, lived 167 years; then Lamech himself, before his son Noah was born, lived 188 years, which together make 355 years. Add to these the age of Noah at the date of the deluge, 600 years, and this gives a total of 955 from the birth of Methuselah to the[Pg 67] year of the flood. Now all the years of the life of Methuselah are computed to be 969; for when he had lived 167 years, and had begotten his son Lamech, he then lived after this 802 years, which makes a total, as we said, of 969 years. From this, if we deduct 955 years from the birth of Methuselah to the flood, there remain fourteen years, which he is supposed to have lived after the flood. And therefore some suppose that, though he was not on earth (in which it is agreed that every living thing which could not naturally live in water perished), he was for a time with his father, who had been translated, and that he lived there till the flood had passed away. This hypothesis they adopt, that they may not cast a slight on the trustworthiness of versions which the Church has received into a position of high authority,[168] and because they believe that the Jewish mss. rather than our own are in error. For they do not admit that this is a mistake of the translators, but maintain that there is a falsified statement in the original, from which, through the Greek, the Scripture has been translated into our own tongue. They say that it is not credible that the seventy translators, who simultaneously and unanimously produced one rendering, could have erred, or, in a case in which no interest of theirs was involved, could have falsified their translation; but that the Jews, envying us our translation of their Law and Prophets, have made alterations in their texts so as to undermine the authority of ours. This opinion or suspicion let each man adopt according to his own judgment. Certain it is that Methuselah did not survive the flood, but died in the very year it occurred, if the numbers given in the Hebrew mss. are true. My own opinion regarding the seventy translators I will, with God's help, state more carefully in its own place, when I have come down (following the order which this work requires) to that period in which their translation was executed.[169] For the present question, it is enough that, according to our versions, the men of that age had lives so long as to make it quite possible that, during the lifetime of the first-born of the two sole parents then[Pg 68] on earth, the human race multiplied sufficiently to form a community.   12. Of the opinion of those who do not believe that in these primitive times men lived so long as is stated.   For they are by no means to be listened to who suppose that in those times years were differently reckoned, and were so short that one of our years may be supposed to be equal to ten of theirs. So that they say, when we read or hear that some man lived 900 years, we should understand ninety,ten of those years making but one of ours, and ten of ours equalling 100 of theirs. Consequently, as they suppose, Adam was twenty-three years of age when he begat Seth, and Seth himself was twenty years and six months old when his son Enos was born, though the Scripture calls these months 205 years. For, on the hypothesis of those whose opinion we are explaining, it was customary to divide one such year as we have into ten parts, and to call each part a year. And each of these parts was composed of six days squared; because God finished His works in six days, that He might rest the seventh. Of this I disputed according to my ability in the eleventh book.[170] Now six squared, or six times six, gives thirty-six days; and this multiplied by ten amounts to 360 days, or twelve lunar months. As for the five remaining days which are needed to complete the solar year, and for the fourth part of a day, which requires that into every fourth or leap-year a day be added, the ancients added such days as the Romans used to call "intercalary," in order to complete the number of the years. So that Enos, Seth's son, was nineteen years old when his son Cainan was born, though Scripture calls these years 190. And so through all the generations in which the ages of the antediluvians are given, we find in our versions that almost no one begat a son at the age of 100 or under, or even at the age of 120 or thereabouts; but the youngest fathers are recorded to have been 160 years old and upwards. And the reason of this, they say, is that no one can beget children when he is ten years old, the age spoken of by those men as 100, but that sixteen is the age of puberty, and competent now to propagate offspring; and this is the age[Pg 69] called by them 160. And that it may not be thought incredible that in these days the year was differently computed from our own, they adduce what is recorded by several writers of history, that the Egyptians had a year of four months, the Acarnanians of six, and the Lavinians of thirteen months.[171] The younger Pliny, after mentioning that some writers reported that one man had lived 152 years, another ten more, others 200, others 300, that some had even reached 500 and 600, and a few 800 years of age, gave it as his opinion that all this must be ascribed to mistaken computation. For some, he says, make summer and winter each a year; others make each season a year, like the Arcadians, whose years, he says, were of three months. He added, too, that the Egyptians, of whose little years of four months we have spoken already, sometimes terminated their year at the wane of each moon; so that with them there are produced lifetimes of 1000 years.   By these plausible arguments certain persons, with no desire to weaken the credit of this sacred history, but rather to facilitate belief in it by removing the difficulty of such incredible longevity, have been themselves persuaded, and think they act wisely in persuading others, that in these days the year was so brief that ten of their years equal but one of ours, while ten of ours equal 100 of theirs. But there is the plainest evidence to show that this is quite false. Before producing this evidence, however, it seems right to mention a conjecture which is yet more plausible. From the Hebrew manuscripts we could at once refute this confident statement; for in them Adam is found to have lived not 230 but 130 years before he begat his third son. If, then, this mean thirteen years by our ordinary computation, then he must have begotten his first son when he was only twelve or thereabouts. Who can at this age beget children according to the ordinary and familiar course of nature? But not to mention him, since it is possible he may have been able to beget his like as soon as he was created,for it is not credible that he was created so little as our infants are,not to mention him, his[Pg 70] son was not 205 years old when he begat Enos, as our versions have it, but 105, and consequently, according to this idea, was not eleven years old. But what shall I say of his son Cainan, who, though by our version 170 years old, was by the Hebrew text seventy when he beget Mahalaleel? If seventy years in those times meant only seven of our years, what man of seven years old begets children?   13. Whether, in computing years, we ought to follow the Hebrew or the Septuagint.   But if I say this, I shall presently be answered, It is one of the Jews' lies. This, however, we have disposed of above, showing that it cannot be that men of so just a reputation as the seventy translators should have falsified their version. However, if I ask them which of the two is more credible, that the Jewish nation, scattered far and wide, could have unanimously conspired to forge this lie, and so, through envying others the authority of their Scriptures, have deprived themselves of their verity; or that seventy men, who were also themselves Jews, shut up in one place (for Ptolemy king of Egypt had got them together for this work), should have envied foreign nations that same truth, and by common consent inserted these errors: who does not see which can be more naturally and readily believed? But far be it from any prudent man to believe either that the Jews, however malicious and wrong-headed, could have tampered with so many and so widely-dispersed manuscripts; or that those renowned seventy individuals had any common purpose to grudge the truth to the nations. One must therefore more plausibly maintain, that when first their labours began to be transcribed from the copy in Ptolemy's library, some such misstatement might find its way into the first copy made, and from it might be disseminated far and wide; and that this might arise from no fraud, but from a mere copyist's error. This is a sufficiently plausible account of the difficulty regarding Methuselah's life, and of that other case in which there is a difference in the total of twenty-four years. But in those cases in which there is a methodical resemblance in the falsification, so that uniformly the one version allots to the period before a son and successor is born 100 years more than the other, and to the[Pg 71] period subsequent 100 years less, and vice vers, so that the totals may agree, and this holds true of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh generations,in these cases error seems to have, if we may say so, a certain kind of constancy, and savours not of accident, but of design.   Accordingly, that diversity of numbers which distinguishes the Hebrew from the Greek and Latin copies of Scripture, and which consists of a uniform addition and deduction of 100 years in each lifetime for several consecutive generations, is to be attributed neither to the malice of the Jews nor to men so diligent and prudent as the seventy translators, but to the error of the copyist who was first allowed to transcribe the manuscript from the library of the above-mentioned king. For even now, in cases where numbers contri bute nothing to the easier comprehension or more satisfactory knowledge of anything, they are both carelessly transcribed, and still more carelessly emended. For who will trouble himself to learn how many thousand men the several tribes of Israel contained? He sees no resulting benefit of such knowledge. Or how many men are there who are aware of the vast advantage that lies hid in this knowledge? But in this case, in which during so many consecutive generations 100 years are added in one manuscript where they are not reckoned in the other, and then, after the birth of the son and successor, the years which were wanting are added, it is obvious that the copyist who contrived this arrangement designed to insinuate that the antediluvians lived an excessive number of years only because each year was excessively brief, and that he tried to draw the attention to this fact by his statement of their age of puberty at which they became able to beget children. For, lest the incredulous might stumble at the difficulty of so long a lifetime, he insinuated that 100 of their years equalled but ten of ours; and this insinuation he conveyed by adding 100 years whenever he found the age below 160 years or thereabouts, deducting these years again from the period after the son's birth, that the total might harmonize. By this means he intended to ascribe the generation of offspring to a fit age, without diminishing the total sum of years ascribed to the[Pg 72] lifetime of the individuals. And the very fact that in the sixth generation he departed from this uniform practice, inclines us all the rather to believe that when the circumstance we have referred to required his alterations, he made them; seeing that when this circumstance did not exist, he made no alteration. For in the same generation he found in the Hebrew MS. that Jared lived before he begat Enoch 162 years, which, according to the short year computation, is sixteen years and somewhat less than two months, an age capable of procreation; and therefore it was not necessary to add 100 short years, and so make the age twenty-six years of the usual length; and of course it was not necessary to deduct, after the son's birth, years which he had not added before it. And thus it comes to pass that in this instance there is no variation between the two manuscripts.   This is corroborated still further by the fact that in the eighth generation, while the Hebrew books assign 182[172] years to Methuselah before Lamech's birth, ours assign to him twenty less, though usually 100 years are added to this period; then, after Lamech's birth, the twenty years are restored, so as to equalize the total in the two books. For if his design was that these 170 years be understood as seventeen, so as to suit the age of puberty, as there was no need for him adding anything, so there was none for his subtracting anything; for in this case he found an age fit for the generation of children, for the sake of which he was in the habit of adding those 100 years in cases where he did not find the age already sufficient. This difference of twenty years we might, indeed, have supposed had happened accidentally, had he not taken care to restore them afterwards as he had deducted them from the period before, so that there might be no deficiency in the total. Or are we perhaps to suppose that there was the still more astute design of concealing the deliberate and uniform addition of 100 years to the first period and their deduction from the subsequent period,did he design to conceal this by doing something similar, that is to[Pg 73] say, adding and deducting, not indeed a century, but some years, even in a case in which there was no need for his doing so? But whatever may be thought of this, whether it be believed that he did so or not, whether, in fine, it be so or not, I would have no manner of doubt that when any diversity is found in the books, since both cannot be true to fact, we do well to believe in preference that language out of which the translation was made into another by translators. For there are three Greek mss., one Latin, and one Syriac, which agree with one another, and in all of these Methuselah is said to have died six years before the deluge.

BOOK XXI. - Of the eternal punishment of the wicked in hell, and of the various objections urged against it, #City of God, #Saint Augustine of Hippo, #Christianity   From the book of Marcus Varro, entitled, Of the Race Of the Roman People, I cite word for word the following instance: "There occurred a remarkable celestial portent; for Castor records that, in the brilliant star Venus, called Vesperugo by Plautus, and the lovely Hesperus by Homer, there occurred so strange a prodigy, that it changed its colour, size, form, course, which never happened before nor since. Adrastus of Cyzicus, and Dion of Naples, famous mathematicians, said that this occurred in the reign of Ogyges." So great an author as Varro would certainly not have called this a portent had it not seemed to be contrary to nature. For we say that all portents are contrary to nature; but they are not so. For how is that contrary to nature which happens by the will of God, since the will of so mighty a Creator is certainly the nature of each created thing? A portent, therefore, happens not contrary to nature, but contrary to what we know as nature. But who can number the multitude of portents recorded in profane histories? Let us then at present fix our attention on this one only which concerns the matter in hand. What is there so arranged by the Author of the nature of heaven and earth as the exactly ordered course of the stars? What is there established by laws so sure and inflexible? And yet, when it pleased Him who with sovereignty and supreme power regulates all He has created, a star conspicuous among the rest by its size and splendour changed its colour, size, form, and, most wonderful of all, the order and law of its course! Certainly that phenomenon disturbed the canons of the astronomers, if there were any then, by which they tabulate, as by unerring computation, the past and future movements of the stars, so as to take upon them to affirm that this which happened to the morning star (Venus) never happened before nor since. But we read in the divine books that even the sun itself stood still when a holy man, Joshua the son of Nun, had begged this from God[Pg 430] until victory should finish the battle he had begun; and that it even went back, that the promise of fifteen years added to the life of king Hezekiah might be sealed by this additional prodigy. But these miracles, which were vouchsafed to the merits of holy men, even when our adversaries believe them, they attribute to magical arts; so Virgil, in the lines I quoted above, ascribes to magic the power to   "Turn rivers backward to their source, And make the stars forget their course."

BS 1 - Introduction to the Idea of God, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction   Jung didnt believe thatespecially not after interacting with Freudbecause he saw that human beings were deeply, deeply affected by things that were beyond their conscious control. No one really knows how to conceptualize those things. The cognitive psychologists think of them as computational machines. The ancient people thought of them as gods, although its more complicated than that. Mars would be the God of rage; thats the thing that possesses you when youre angry. It has a viewpoint, and it says what it wants to say, and that might have very little to do with what you want to say, when youre being sensible. It doesnt just inhabit you: it inhabits everyone, and it lives forever, and it even inhabits animals. Its this transcendent psychological entity that inhabits the body politic, like a thought inhabiting the brain. Thats one way of thinking about it. Its a very strange way of thinking, but it certainly has its merits. Those things, in some sense, are deities. But its not that simple.   Jung got very interested in dreams, and he started to understand the relationship between dreams and myths. He was deeply read in mythology, and he would see, in his clients dreams, echoes of stories that he knew. He started to believe that the dream was the birthplace of the myth and that there was a continual interaction between the two processes: the dream and the story, and storytelling. You can tell your dreams as stories, when you remember them, and some people remember dreams all the timetwo or three, at night. Ive had clients like that. They often have archetypal dreams that have very clear mythological structures. I think thats more the case with people who are creativeespecially if theyre a bit unstable at the timebecause the dream tends to occupy the space of uncertainty, and to concentrate on fleshing out the unknown reality, before you get a real grip on it. So the dream is the birthplace of thinking. Thats a good way of thinking about it, because its not that clear. Its doing its best to formulate something. That was Jungs notion, as of post-Freud, who believed that there were internal censors that were hiding the dreams true message. Thats not what Jung believed. He believed the dream was doing its best to express a reality that was still outside of fully articulated, conscious comprehension.

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ENNEAD 03.07 - Of Time and Eternity., #Plotinus - Complete Works Vol 03, #Plotinus, #Christianity    computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by   your equipment.   --   electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers   including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists   because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from

ENNEAD 04.02 - How the Soul Mediates Between Indivisible and Divisible Essence., #Plotinus - Complete Works Vol 01, #Plotinus, #Christianity    computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by   your equipment.   --   electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers   including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists   because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from

ENNEAD 06.05 - The One and Identical Being is Everywhere Present In Its Entirety.345, #Plotinus - Complete Works Vol 04, #Plotinus, #Christianity    computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by   your equipment.   --   electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers   including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists   because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from

Euthyphro, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction    computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by   your equipment.   --   electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers   including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists   because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from

For a Breath I Tarry, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction      "For so long as you shall continue to function. For so long as you can transmit and receive, coodinate, measure, compute, scan, and utilize your powers as you do in the service of Solcom."      Frost was silent. Mordel waited.

new computer, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction   object:new computer   class: computer   Just wanted to take some notes about what I am looking for in the new computer. Mine is a 10-12 year old laptop, so even a cheap computer often offers like 4-8 times the ram for example.   on that note:

The Act of Creation text, #The Act of Creation, #Arthur Koestler, #Psychology   be codified in their turn. computer engineers have actually built elec-   tronic brains in which both the rules and the stratagems of simple board   --   with an image computer (a kind of magic lantern with an automatic   slide-changer). Out of the hundreds of rhymes and similes produced   --   temporaries navigated with the aid of planetary tables, computed by   astronomers who thought the planets ran on circles, knew nothing of   --   in this computer age we would have to improve on its wording (as   Orwell did on Ecclesiastes): Beauty is a function of truth, truth a   --   inspired a great many neurologists and computer-theorists, the   Cambridge psychologist K. J. Craik put forward the idea that the   --   exclusively by logical analysis. A computer built on these lines, after   being fed a number of West End plays, would probably filter down   --   nervous system in terms of computer models is a risky affair, and may   yet lure psychology into a cul-de-sac as the telephone-exchange   --   digital computers, whereas the third was equally persistent in using language   appropriate to the wet software that lives inside the skull. After a decade of   --   To compute the sum of the series of flight-stretches is a rather   complicated task. But if we think aside, forget about the distances   covered by the bird, and compute the time until the two trains will   meet two and a half hours we see at once that the bird has also   --   the bird, the subject must compute the distance D flown by the bird,   and he knows that distances are computed by the rule of the game   D= v.t. The velocity v of the bird is given, and he could get the t in

The Circular Ruins, #Labyrinths, #Jorge Luis Borges, #Poetry   His victory and peace became blurred with boredom. In the twilight times of dusk and dawn, he would prostrate himself before the stone figure, perhaps imagining his unreal son carrying out identical rites in other circular ruins downstream; at night he no longer dreamed, or dreamed as any man does. His perceptions of the sounds and forms of the universe became somewhat pallid: his absent son was being nourished by these diminution of his soul. The purpose of his life had been fulfilled; the man remained in a kind of ecstasy. After a certain time, which some chronicles prefer to compute in years and others in decades, two oarsmen awoke him at midnight; he could not see their faces, but they spoke to him of a charmed man in a temple of the North, capable of walking on fire without burning himself. The wizard suddenly remembered the words of the god. He remembered that of all the creatures that people the earth, Fire was the only one who knew his son to be a phantom. This memory, which at first calmed him, ended by tormenting him. He feared lest his son should meditate on this abnormal privilege and by some means find out he was a mere simulacrum. Not to be a man, to be a projection of another man's dreams--what an incomparable humiliation, what madness! Any father is interested in the sons he has procreated (or permitted) out of the mere confusion of happiness; it was natural that the wizard should fear for the future of that son whom he had thought out entrail by entrail, feature by feature, in a thousand and one secret nights.   His misgivings ended abruptly, but not without certain forewarnings. First (after a long drought) a remote cloud, as light as a bird, appeared on a hill; then, toward the South, the sky took on the rose color of leopard's gums; then came clouds of smoke which rusted the metal of the nights; afterwards came the panic-stricken flight of wild animals. For what had happened many centuries before was repeating itself. The ruins of the sanctuary of the god of Fire was destroyed by fire. In a dawn without birds, the wizard saw the concentric fire licking the walls. For a moment, he thought of taking refuge in the water, but then he understood that death was coming to crown his old age and absolve him from his labors. He walked toward the sheets of flame. They did not bite his flesh, they caressed him and flooded him without heat or combustion. With relief, with humiliation, with terror, he understood that he also was an illusion, that someone else was dreaming him.

The Dwellings of the Philosophers, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction   and this salary is computed in proportion to his skill, his efforts and his perseverance. And as   practical science that has always been recognized as a genuine gift of God by all the

The Last Question, #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction   Alexander Adell and Bertram Lupov were two of the faithful attendants of Multivac. As well as any human beings could, they knew what lay behind the cold, clicking, flashing face -- miles and miles of face -- of that giant computer. They had at least a vague notion of the general plan of relays and circuits that had long since grown past the point where any single human could possibly have a firm grasp of the whole.   Multivac was self-adjusting and self-correcting. It had to be, for nothing human could adjust and correct it quickly enough or even adequately enough -- so Adell and Lupov attended the monstrous giant only lightly and superficially, yet as well as any men could. They fed it data, adjusted questions to its needs and translated the answers that were issued. Certainly they, and all others like them, were fully entitled to share In the glory that was Multivac's.   --   Jerrodd scarcely knew a thing about the thick rod of metal except that it was called a Microvac, that one asked it questions if one wished; that if one did not it still had its task of guiding the ship to a preordered destination; of feeding on energies from the various Sub-galactic Power Stations; of computing the equations for the hyperspacial jumps.   Jerrodd and his family had only to wait and live in the comfortable residence quarters of the ship.   Someone had once told Jerrodd that the "ac" at the end of "Microvac" stood for "analog computer" in ancient English, but he was on the edge of forgetting even that.   Jerrodine's eyes were moist as she watched the visiplate. "I can't help it. I feel funny about leaving Earth."   --   Then, after a reflective pause, "I tell you, it's a lucky thing the computers worked out interstellar travel the way the race is growing."   "I know, I know," said Jerrodine miserably.   --   It was a nice feeling to have a Microvac of your own and Jerrodd was glad he was part of his generation and no other. In his father's youth, the only computers had been tremendous machines taking up a hundred square miles of land. There was only one to a planet. Planetary ACs they were called. They had been growing in size steadily for a thousand years and then, all at once, came refinement. In place of transistors had come molecular valves so that even the largest Planetary AC could be put into a space only half the volume of a spaceship.   Jerrodd felt uplifted, as he always did when he thought that his own personal Microvac was many times more complicated than the ancient and primitive Multivac that had first tamed the Sun, and almost as complicated as Earth's Planetary AC (the largest) that had first solved the problem of hyperspatial travel and had made trips to the stars possible.   --   Matter and energy had ended and with it, space and time. Even AC existed only for the sake of the one last question that it had never answered from the time a half-drunken computer ten trillion years before had asked the question of a computer that was to AC far less than was a man to Man.   All other questions had been answered, and until this last question was answered also, AC might not release his consciousness.

The Library of Babel, #Labyrinths, #Jorge Luis Borges, #Poetry   thereof, can be computed as zero.   At that time it was also hoped that a clarification of humanity's basic

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Wikipedia - BBC Micro -- Series of microcomputers by Acorn

Wikipedia - BBC Two 'Computer Generated 2' ident -- Ident used by BBC Two between 1979 and 1986

Wikipedia - BCPL -- Multi-paradigm computer programming language

Wikipedia - Bdale Garbee -- Computer scientist from the United States

Wikipedia - Beach Chair (film test) -- 1986 short computer animation by Eben Fiske Ostby

Wikipedia - Beatrice Worsley -- First female computer scientist in Canada

Wikipedia - Bee Card -- ROM cartridge medium for MSX computer software

Wikipedia - Behat (computer science)

Wikipedia - Behavioral modeling in computer-aided design -- High-level circuit modeling technique where behavior of logic is modeled

Wikipedia - Behavior computing

Wikipedia - Belady's anomaly -- Computer storage phenomenon

Wikipedia - Bell's law of computer classes

Wikipedia - Ben Bederson -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ben Chiu -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Benchmark (computing)

Wikipedia - Beowulf (computing)

Wikipedia - Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing

Wikipedia - Bernhard Steffen (computer scientist) -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bernhard Thalheim -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bernt Schiele -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bert Bos -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bert Sutherland -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - BESK -- Sweden's first electronic computer

Wikipedia - BESM -- Series of Soviet mainframe computers built in 1950-60s

Wikipedia - Bette Korber -- American computational biologist

Wikipedia - Bettina Speckmann -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Betty Holberton -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Beyond Dark Castle -- 1987 computer game

Wikipedia - Bezier curve -- Curve used in computer graphics and related fields

Wikipedia - Bfloat16 floating-point format -- Floating-point number format used in computer processors

Wikipedia - Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook operator -- Collision operator used in a computational fluid dynamics technique

Wikipedia - Biblical software -- Computer applications to read or study biblical texts

Wikipedia - Big Hero 6 (film) -- 2014 American 3D computer-animated superhero-comedy film

Wikipedia - Big iron (computing)

Wikipedia - Bill Atkinson -- American computer engineer and photographer

Wikipedia - Bill Buxton -- Canadian computer scientist and designer

Wikipedia - Bill Dally -- American computer scientist and educator

Wikipedia - Bill English (computer engineer) -- American computer engineer, inventor of the computer mouse

Wikipedia - Billiard-Ball Computer

Wikipedia - Bill Inmon -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bill Joy -- American computer scientist and co-founder of Sun Microsystems

Wikipedia - Bill Paxton (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Bill Roscoe -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bill Thies -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bill Wagner (software) -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Bill Zeller -- American computer programmer (1983-2011)

Wikipedia - Bing Liu (computer scientist) -- Chinese-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bingo (1998 film) -- 1998 computer-animated short film directed by Chris Landreth

Wikipedia - Bioche's rules -- Aids the computation of indefinite integrals involving sines and cosines

Wikipedia - Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech -- Research organization for computational biology and related fields

Wikipedia - BioCompute Object

Wikipedia - Biocomputer

Wikipedia - Bioinformatics -- Computational analysis of large, complex sets of biological data

Wikipedia - Bio-inspired computing

Wikipedia - Biological computation

Wikipedia - Biological computing

Wikipedia - Biologically inspired computing

Wikipedia - Biomedical Computation Review -- Open-access magazine

Wikipedia - Biopython -- Collection of open-source Python software tools for computational biology

Wikipedia - Birgit Vogel-Heuser -- German computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Bit bucket -- Lost data in computing

Wikipedia - Bit (computing)

Wikipedia - Bit field -- Data structure used in computer programming

Wikipedia - BitKeeper -- Proprietary software tool for distributed revision control of computer source code

Wikipedia - Bits and Bytes -- Canadian educational TV series about computers

Wikipedia - Bitwise operation -- Computer operation that operates on values at the level of their individual bits

Wikipedia - Bjarne Stroustrup -- Danish computer scientist, creator of C++

Wikipedia - B.K. Syngal -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - BlackBerry PlayBook -- Tablet computer

Wikipedia - Black hat (computer security) -- Computer hacker with malicious intent

Wikipedia - Blacklist (computing) -- Criteria to control computer access

Wikipedia - BlackNurse (Computer Security)

Wikipedia - Blade server -- Server computer that uses less energy and space than a conventional server

Wikipedia - Blaster (computer worm)

Wikipedia - BleachBit -- Free disk space cleaner, privacy manager, and computer system optimizer

Wikipedia - Bleeping Computer -- Technology news and computer help website

Wikipedia - Blender (software) -- 3D computer graphics software

Wikipedia - Blit (computer terminal)

Wikipedia - Blitzkrieg 3 -- 2017 Online RTS computer game

Wikipedia - Blocking (computing) -- A state for a computing process

Wikipedia - Blue screen of death -- Error screen displayed after a fatal system error on a Windows computer

Wikipedia - Blue Sky Studios -- American computer animation film studio

Wikipedia - Blue Waters -- Supercomputer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States

Wikipedia - Blum's speedup theorem -- Rules out assigning to arbitrary functions their computational complexity

Wikipedia - Board representation (computer chess)

Wikipedia - Bob Bates -- American computer games designer

Wikipedia - Bobby Hersom -- British mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bob Scheifler -- American computer scientist.

Wikipedia - Bolo Computer Museum

Wikipedia - Bonjour (software) -- Computer networking technology

Wikipedia - Bonk's Adventure -- 1989 computer and video game

Wikipedia - Bonnie Berger -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bonnie Dorr -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bonnie Webber -- Computational linguist

Wikipedia - Book:Computer science

Wikipedia - Book on Numbers and Computation -- Chinese mathematical treatise written between 202 BC and 186 BC

Wikipedia - Boot disk -- Removable disk from which a computer can boot an operating system

Wikipedia - Bootstrapping (computing)

Wikipedia - Borka Jerman BlaM-EM->iM-DM-^M -- Slovenian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bossa (computing)

Wikipedia - Boxing (computer science)

Wikipedia - Bradford J. Shwedo -- Joint Staff Director for Command, Control, Communications, and Computers/Cyber

Wikipedia - Brad Karp -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Brain-computer interface

Wikipedia - Brain (computer virus)

Wikipedia - Bram Moolenaar -- Dutch computer programmer

Wikipedia - Branch (computer science)

Wikipedia - Brantley Coile -- American businessman and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Brave (2012 film) -- 2012 American computer-animated fantasy film

Wikipedia - Break key -- Key of a computer keyboard

Wikipedia - Bremermann's limit -- Highest possible rate of computation in this universe

Wikipedia - Brenda Baker -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Brendan Eich -- American computer programmer and technologist

Wikipedia - Brendan Q. Ferguson -- American computer game designer, writer, programmer

Wikipedia - Brent Hailpern -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Brent Waters -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bret Taylor -- American computer programmer and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Brewster Kahle -- American computer engineer, founder of the Internet Archive

Wikipedia - Brian Acton -- American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur, co-founder of WhatsApp

Wikipedia - Brian Behlendorf -- American computer programmer and executive

Wikipedia - Brian d foy -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Brian Fox (computer programmer) -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Brianna Wu -- American video game developer and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Brian Oakley -- Civil servant, chief executive, computer scientist

Wikipedia - Brian Randell -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Brian Reid (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Brian Silverman -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - BricsCAD -- Computer-aided design software

Wikipedia - Bright Computing

Wikipedia - Brigitte Jaumard -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Brigitte Plateau -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - British Colloquium for Theoretical Computer Science

Wikipedia - British Computer Society

Wikipedia - British computer

Wikipedia - BRL-CAD -- Computer-aided design software

Wikipedia - BRLESC -- Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer

Wikipedia - Broadcasting (computing)

Wikipedia - Broadcast, unknown-unicast and multicast traffic -- Computer networking concept

Wikipedia - Bruce Ableson -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Bruce Bastian -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bruce Davie -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bruce Eckel -- American computer programmer, author and consultant

Wikipedia - Bruce Gilchrist -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bruce Jay Nelson -- North american computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bruno Courcelle -- French mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Brutus cluster -- Computer network at the ETH Zurich university in Switzerland

Wikipedia - Bryan Cantrill -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Bubble memory -- Obsolete type of non-volatile computer memory

Wikipedia - Buff (computer gaming)

Wikipedia - Buffer overflow -- Anomaly in computer security and programming

Wikipedia - Burroughs large systems -- Range of mainframe computers in the 1960s and 70s

Wikipedia - Bus (computing) -- System that transfers data between components within a computer

Wikipedia - Business entity (computer science)

Wikipedia - Business Process Execution Language -- Computer executable language

Wikipedia - Button (computing)

Wikipedia - Butt-Ugly Martians -- English language computer-animated television series

Wikipedia - Byte (magazine) -- Defunct American microcomputer magazine

Wikipedia - Byte Sieve -- Computer-based implementation of the Sieve of Eratosthenes

Wikipedia - Byzantine fault -- Fault in a computer system that presents different symptoms to different observers

Wikipedia - C++23 -- Computer programming language

Wikipedia - C4 Engine -- Proprietary computer game engine developed by Terathon Software

Wikipedia - Cache (computing) -- Computing component that transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster

Wikipedia - Cache prefetching -- Computer processing technique to boost memory performance

Wikipedia - Cadabra (computer program)

Wikipedia - CAD/CAM -- Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing

Wikipedia - Calcomp plotter -- Computer graphics output device

Wikipedia - Callback (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Callback (computer science)

Wikipedia - Call stack -- Stack data structure that stores information about the active subroutines of a computer program

Wikipedia - Cal Newport -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Cambridge Algebra System -- Computer algebra system

Wikipedia - Cambridge CAP computer

Wikipedia - Cambridge Computer Laboratory

Wikipedia - Cambridge Computer Lab

Wikipedia - Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science

Wikipedia - Cambridge Ring (computer network)

Wikipedia - Cambridge University Computer Laboratory

Wikipedia - Camilla Pang -- British computational biologist, writer

Wikipedia - Canaan Creative -- Chinese computer manufacturer

Wikipedia - Canon X-07 -- Early personal computer made by Canon

Wikipedia - Capability-based security -- Computer safety concept

Wikipedia - CAP computer

Wikipedia - Caps Lock -- Computer key

Wikipedia - CAPTCHA -- Computer test to discriminate human users from spambots

Wikipedia - Carbon (computing)

Wikipedia - CARDboard Illustrative Aid to Computation

Wikipedia - Cargo cult programming -- Ritual inclusion of computer code that serve no purpose

Wikipedia - Carla Brodley -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carla Ellis -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carla Gomes -- Portuguese-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carl Chang (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carl Hewitt -- American computer scientist and designer of Planner programming language

Wikipedia - Carme Torras -- Spanish mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carnegie Mellon Human Computer Interaction Institute

Wikipedia - Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Carola Wenk -- German-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carole Goble -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carol E. Reiley -- American businesswoman, computer scientist, and model

Wikipedia - Carol Frieze -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carolina Cruz-Neira -- American computer scientist and educator

Wikipedia - Carol Jane Anger Rieke -- American astronomer, computational chemist and mathematics educator

Wikipedia - Carol Spradling -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Carroll Morgan (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Cars 2 -- 2011 American computer-animated action comedy spy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios

Wikipedia - Carsen Stringer -- American computational neuroscientist

Wikipedia - Cars Toons -- American series of computer animated short films, started 2008

Wikipedia - Caryn Navy -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Cascade (computer virus)

Wikipedia - CAS latency -- Time delay between data read command and availability of data in a computer's RAM

Wikipedia - Cast (computer science)

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Wikipedia - C. Dianne Martin -- American computer scientist

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Wikipedia - Cellular automaton -- A discrete model studied in computer science

Wikipedia - Cellular computing

Wikipedia - Cellular Potts model -- Computational model of cells and tissues

Wikipedia - Cel shading -- Computer graphics rendering technique used to mimic the look of 2D animation

Wikipedia - Center for Computation and Technology

Wikipedia - Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science

Wikipedia - Center for Research on Computation and Society -- Research center at Harvard University

Wikipedia - Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency -- Defunct UK government agency based in Norwich, England

Wikipedia - Centralized computing

Wikipedia - Central Philippine University - College of Computer Studies -- Computer school at Central Philippine University

Wikipedia - Central processing unit -- Central component of any computer system which executes input/output, arithmetical, and logical operations

Wikipedia - Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing

Wikipedia - Centre for Computing History

Wikipedia - Centre for Development of Advanced Computing -- An autonomous scientific society

Wikipedia - Cerebra Computers -- Indian computer hardware company

Wikipedia - Certificate revocation list -- In computing, a list of revoked certificates

Wikipedia - Chad (computer)

Wikipedia - Chai Keong Toh -- Singaporean computer scientist

Wikipedia - Chandrajit Bajaj -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Chan-Jin Chung -- Computer science professor (born 1959)

Wikipedia - Channel system (computer science) -- Finite-state machine with fifo buffers for memory

Wikipedia - Chaos Computer Club

Wikipedia - Character (computer)

Wikipedia - Character (computing)

Wikipedia - Character computing -- Field of research

Wikipedia - Charles Bachman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Charles Edge (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist and author

Wikipedia - Charles H. Bennett (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Charles Ingram -- English novelist, computer repairman, army major, and fraudster

Wikipedia - Charles Katz -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Charles Petzold -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Charlie Lee (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Charlotte Davis Mooers -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Charlotte Froese Fischer -- Canadian-American applied mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Charming (film) -- 2019 computer-animated musical comedy film

Wikipedia - Ch (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Checkerboard rendering -- 3D computer graphics rendering technique

Wikipedia - Checksum -- A small-size datum computed from digital data for detecting transmission errors

Wikipedia - Cheekah Bow Bow (That Computer Song) -- 2000 single by Vengaboys

Wikipedia - Chemical computer

Wikipedia - Cherry (company) -- German computer peripheral company

Wikipedia - Chess computer

Wikipedia - ChessV -- Computer program designed to play chess variants

Wikipedia - Chia Shen -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Chieko Asakawa -- Japanese computer scientist

Wikipedia - CHIP (computer)

Wikipedia - Choplifter -- Video game first made in 1982 for the Apple II computer

Wikipedia - Chorded keyboard -- Computer input device

Wikipedia - Chris Danforth -- American computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Chris Gladwin (engineer) -- American inventor, computer engineer

Wikipedia - Chris Kubecka -- American computer programmer and computer security researcher

Wikipedia - Chris Lilley (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Chris Piche -- Canadian computer scientist and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Chris Pile (programmer) -- British computer programmer

Wikipedia - Chris Roberts (video game developer) -- Computer game designer, game programmer, film producer and film director

Wikipedia - Christel Baier -- German theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Christian Borgs -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Christiane Floyd -- Austrian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Christine P. Hendon -- Electrical Engineer and Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - Christine Piatko -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Christmas Tree EXEC -- First widely disruptive computer worm

Wikipedia - Christofari -- Supercomputer

Wikipedia - Christopher Blizzard -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - Christopher Boyd (IT security) -- Computer Security researcher

Wikipedia - Christopher Dunn (computer programmer) -- British writer and computer enthusiast

Wikipedia - Christopher Evans (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Christopher Langton -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Christopher P. Gane -- British-American computer scientist (1938-)

Wikipedia - Christopher Strachey -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Chris Wallace (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Chromatic (programmer) -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Chromebook -- Laptop or tablet computer running Chrome OS

Wikipedia - Chuck Easttom -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Chung Laung Liu -- Taiwanese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Chunking (computational linguistics)

Wikipedia - Church-Turing thesis -- Thesis on the nature of computability

Wikipedia - CID-201 -- Digital computer from Cuba

Wikipedia - Cindy Grimm -- American computer scientist, roboticist, and mechanical engineer

Wikipedia - Circuit (computer science)

Wikipedia - Circuit Merit -- Computed telephone line quality measure

Wikipedia - Claire Mathieu -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Clan (computer gaming)

Wikipedia - Clara.io -- 3D computer graphics software

Wikipedia - Clarence Ellis (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Class (computer programming) -- In object-oriented programming, a definition that specifies how an object works

Wikipedia - Class (computer science)

Wikipedia - Class (computing)

Wikipedia - Classes (computer science)

Wikipedia - Classes of computers

Wikipedia - Claudia Linnhoff-Popien -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Claudico -- Artificial intelligence poker playing computer program

Wikipedia - Claudio Silva (computer scientist) -- Computer scientist and data scientist

Wikipedia - ClearCube -- Computer systems maufacturer in Austin, Texas, U.S.A.

Wikipedia - Click of death -- Computing term that indicates storage failure

Wikipedia - Client (computing) -- Piece of computer hardware or software accessing a server service

Wikipedia - Client-server model -- Distributed application structure in computing

Wikipedia - Cliff Jones (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Cliff Shaw -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Climateprediction.net -- Volunteer distributed computing project

Wikipedia - Clint Curtis -- American lawyer and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Clipboard (computing) -- Data storage used to support copy and paste operations

Wikipedia - Clipping (computer graphics) -- Computer graphics term

Wikipedia - C-list (computer security)

Wikipedia - CLIWOC -- A research project to convert ships' logbook weather data into a computerised database

Wikipedia - Clone (computer and video games)

Wikipedia - Clone (computing)

Wikipedia - Closure (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Closure (computer science)

Wikipedia - Cloud-based quantum computing

Wikipedia - Cloud computing security

Wikipedia - Cloud computing -- Form of Internet-based computing that provides shared computer processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand

Wikipedia - Cloud gaming -- Streaming of video games as video to clients via cloud computing

Wikipedia - Cloud Native Computing Foundation -- Linux Foundation project

Wikipedia - Cloud Sherpas -- American cloud computing technology services company

Wikipedia - Cloud storage -- Model of computer data storage

Wikipedia - Cloud-to-cloud integration -- Integration that allows users to connect disparate cloud computing platforms

Wikipedia - Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 -- 2013 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film

Wikipedia - Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film) -- 2009 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film

Wikipedia - Cls (computing)

Wikipedia - Cluster Computing (journal)

Wikipedia - Cluster (computing)

Wikipedia - Cluster computing

Wikipedia - CNGrid -- Chinese national high performance computing network

Wikipedia - Coco (2017 film) -- 2017 computer-animated film produced by Pixar Animation Studios

Wikipedia - Codata (computer science)

Wikipedia - Code Red II -- Computer worm

Wikipedia - Code refactoring -- Restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behavior

Wikipedia - Codewars -- Computer programming community and challenge site

Wikipedia - Cognitive computing

Wikipedia - Cohesion (computer science)

Wikipedia - ColcaSac -- American manufacturer of computer accessories

Wikipedia - Cold boot attack -- a means of compromising computer security by restarting the computer

Wikipedia - Coleco Adam -- Home computer by Coleco, released in 1983

Wikipedia - Colette Bangert -- American computer and visual artist

Wikipedia - Colette Rolland -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Collection (computer science)

Wikipedia - Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies

Wikipedia - College of Technology and Computer Science at East Carolina University

Wikipedia - Collision (computer science)

Wikipedia - Collision detection -- Term in computer science

Wikipedia - Colobot -- Computer game

Wikipedia - Colossal Typewriter -- Computer program

Wikipedia - Colossus computer -- Early British cryptanalysis computer

Wikipedia - Colour banding -- Inaccuracy in computer graphics

Wikipedia - COMDEX -- Former computer expo

Wikipedia - Command (computing) -- Directive to a computer program

Wikipedia - Command key -- Computer key

Wikipedia - Command language -- Language for job control in computing

Wikipedia - Command-line interface -- Type of computer interface based on entering text commands and viewing text output

Wikipedia - Comment (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Commodity computer

Wikipedia - Commodity computing

Wikipedia - Commodore 16 -- Home computer

Wikipedia - Commodore 65 -- Prototype computer

Wikipedia - Commodore bus -- A serial bus of the home computers series of Commodore

Wikipedia - Commodore International -- American home computer and electronics manufacturer

Wikipedia - Commodore VIC-20 -- Home computer

Wikipedia - Common Admission Test -- Computer based test held in India

Wikipedia - Common Information Model (computing)

Wikipedia - Communication protocol -- System for exchanging messages between computing systems

Wikipedia - Communications, Computers, and Networks (Scientific American)

Wikipedia - Communications, Computers, and Networks -- Special issue of Scientififc American magazine

Wikipedia - Community Memory -- Public computerized bulletin board system

Wikipedia - Compact (computing)

Wikipedia - Compaq Portable III -- 1987 computer

Wikipedia - Compaq SLT -- Line of computers made by Compaq in the 1980s

Wikipedia - Compaq -- American manufacturer of computers

Wikipedia - Comparison of 3D computer graphics software

Wikipedia - Comparison of CalDAV and CardDAV implementations -- Comparison of computer protocols

Wikipedia - Comparison of computer-aided design editors

Wikipedia - Comparison of computer-aided design software

Wikipedia - Comparison of computer shells

Wikipedia - Comparison of computer viruses

Wikipedia - Comparison of note-taking software -- Comparison of computer software designed for taking notes

Wikipedia - Compiler -- Computer program which translates code from one programming language to another

Wikipedia - Complex Instruction Set Computer

Wikipedia - Complex instruction set computer -- a processor executing one instruction in multiple clock cycles

Wikipedia - Complex instruction set computing

Wikipedia - Complexity and Real Computation

Wikipedia - Complexity class -- Set of problems in computational complexity theory

Wikipedia - Composable disaggregated infrastructure -- data centers gain benefits of cloud computing with on-premises equipment

Wikipedia - Computability in Europe

Wikipedia - Computability logic

Wikipedia - Computability theory (computation)

Wikipedia - Computability theory (computer science)

Wikipedia - Computability Theory

Wikipedia - Computability theory -- Branch of mathematical logic, computer science, and the theory of computation studying computable functions and Turing degrees

Wikipedia - Computability

Wikipedia - Computable Document Format

Wikipedia - Computable function -- Mathematical function that can be computed by a program

Wikipedia - Computable number -- Real number that can be computed within arbitrary precision

Wikipedia - Computable real

Wikipedia - Computable set

Wikipedia - Computably enumerable

Wikipedia - Computational algebraic geometry

Wikipedia - Computational anatomy

Wikipedia - Computational and Statistical Genetics

Wikipedia - Computational archaeology -- Archaeological sub-discipline

Wikipedia - Computational astrophysics -- Methods and computing tools developed and used in astrophysics research

Wikipedia - Computational Biology Department

Wikipedia - Computational Biology

Wikipedia - Computational biology

Wikipedia - Computational biomodeling

Wikipedia - Computational chemistry -- Branch of chemistry

Wikipedia - Computational cognition -- Study of the computational basis of learning and inference

Wikipedia - Computational Complexity Conference

Wikipedia - Computational complexity of mathematical operations

Wikipedia - Computational complexity theory -- Study of inherent difficulty of computational problems

Wikipedia - Computational complexity

Wikipedia - Computational creativity

Wikipedia - Computational criminology

Wikipedia - Computational economics

Wikipedia - Computational electromagnetics

Wikipedia - Computational engineering

Wikipedia - Computational finance

Wikipedia - Computational fluid dynamics -- Branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows

Wikipedia - Computational forensics

Wikipedia - Computational game theory

Wikipedia - Computational gene

Wikipedia - Computational genomics

Wikipedia - Computational Geometry (journal)

Wikipedia - Computational geometry -- Branch of computer science

Wikipedia - Computational geophysics

Wikipedia - Computational hardness assumption

Wikipedia - Computational heuristic intelligence -- Programming techniques in computational intelligence

Wikipedia - Computational history

Wikipedia - Computational human phantom -- Computational human phantoms are models of the human body

Wikipedia - Computational humor

Wikipedia - Computational immunology -- Bioinformatics approaches to immunology

Wikipedia - Computational informatics

Wikipedia - Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics -- Organization that advances Earth science

Wikipedia - Computational Intelligence (journal)

Wikipedia - Computational intelligence

Wikipedia - Computational irreducibility

Wikipedia - Computationalism

Wikipedia - Computational learning theory

Wikipedia - Computational lexicology

Wikipedia - Computational Linguistics (journal)

Wikipedia - Computational Linguistics

Wikipedia - Computational linguistics -- Interdisciplinary field

Wikipedia - Computational logic

Wikipedia - Computationally indistinguishable

Wikipedia - Computationally universal

Wikipedia - Computational materials science -- Subfield of materials science

Wikipedia - Computational mathematics

Wikipedia - Computational mechanics

Wikipedia - Computational metaphysics

Wikipedia - Computational microscopy -- Subfield of computational imaging

Wikipedia - Computational modeling of Ischemic stroke -- Computational modeling of Ischemic stroke

Wikipedia - Computational modeling

Wikipedia - Computational modelling

Wikipedia - Computational models of language acquisition

Wikipedia - Computational models

Wikipedia - Computational model

Wikipedia - Computational musicology -- Interdisciplinary research area between musicology and computer science

Wikipedia - Computational neuroscience

Wikipedia - Computational number theory -- Study of algorithms for performing number theoretic computations

Wikipedia - Computational origami

Wikipedia - Computational overhead

Wikipedia - Computational particle physics

Wikipedia - Computational philosophy

Wikipedia - Computational photography -- Computational Photography

Wikipedia - Computational phylogenetics -- The application of computational algorithms, methods, and programs to phylogenetic analyses

Wikipedia - Computational physics

Wikipedia - Computational power

Wikipedia - Computational problems

Wikipedia - Computational problem

Wikipedia - Computational psychometrics

Wikipedia - Computational RAM -- Random-access memory with processing elements integrated on the same chip

Wikipedia - Computational reflection

Wikipedia - Computational-representational understanding of mind

Wikipedia - Computational resource -- Something a computer needs needed to solve a problem, such as processing steps or memory

Wikipedia - Computational science and engineering

Wikipedia - Computational science -- Field that uses computers and mathematical models to analyze and solve scientific problems

Wikipedia - Computational scientist

Wikipedia - Computational semantics -- The study of how to automate the process of constructing and reasoning with meaning representations of natural language

Wikipedia - Computational semiotics

Wikipedia - Computational social science

Wikipedia - Computational sociology

Wikipedia - Computational statistics

Wikipedia - Computational systems biology

Wikipedia - Computational theorist

Wikipedia - Computational theory of mind

Wikipedia - Computational theory

Wikipedia - Computational tools for artificial intelligence

Wikipedia - Computational topology

Wikipedia - Computational visualistics

Wikipedia - Computational

Wikipedia - Computational X

Wikipedia - Computation of cyclic redundancy checks

Wikipedia - Computation of time (Catholic canon law)

Wikipedia - Computation theory

Wikipedia - Computation time

Wikipedia - Computation tree logic

Wikipedia - Computation

Wikipedia - Computec -- German computer media company

Wikipedia - Computed axial lithography

Wikipedia - Computed axial tomography

Wikipedia - Computed tomography of the head -- Cross-sectional X-rays of the head

Wikipedia - Computed tomography

Wikipedia - Compute kernel -- Computing routine compiled for an accelerator

Wikipedia - Compute Node Linux -- Runtime environment based on the Linux kernel for several Cray supercomputer systems based on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

Wikipedia - Computer 2000 -- Computer

Wikipedia - Computer access control

Wikipedia - Computer accessibility -- Ability of a computer system to be used by all people

Wikipedia - Computer adaptive testing

Wikipedia - Computer addiction -- Excessive or compulsive use of the computer

Wikipedia - Computer: A History of the Information Machine

Wikipedia - Computer aided assessment

Wikipedia - Computer Aided Design

Wikipedia - Computer-Aided Design

Wikipedia - Computer aided design

Wikipedia - Computer-aided design -- Constructing a product by means of computer

Wikipedia - Computer-aided diagnosis

Wikipedia - Computer-aided dispatch

Wikipedia - Computer-aided engineering

Wikipedia - Computer-aided garden design

Wikipedia - Computer-aided geometric design

Wikipedia - Computer-aided industrial design

Wikipedia - Computer aided manufacturing

Wikipedia - Computer-aided manufacturing

Wikipedia - Computer-aided proof

Wikipedia - Computer-Aided Software Engineering

Wikipedia - Computer-aided software engineering

Wikipedia - Computer-aided technologies

Wikipedia - Computer Algebra System

Wikipedia - Computer algebra system

Wikipedia - Computer algebra -- Scientific area at the interface between computer science and mathematics

Wikipedia - Computer algorithms

Wikipedia - Computer algorithm

Wikipedia - Computer and information science

Wikipedia - Computer and network surveillance

Wikipedia - Computer and video game genres

Wikipedia - ComputerAndVideoGames.com

Wikipedia - Computer and Video Games

Wikipedia - Computer Animation and Social Agents

Wikipedia - Computer Animation Production System

Wikipedia - Computer animation -- Art of creating moving images using computers

Wikipedia - Computer appliance -- Computer with software or firmware that is specifically designed to provide a specific computing resource

Wikipedia - Computer application

Wikipedia - Computer architecture simulator

Wikipedia - Computer Architecture

Wikipedia - Computer architecture -- Set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems

Wikipedia - Computer Arimaa

Wikipedia - Computer Arts Society

Wikipedia - Computer art -- Art genre

Wikipedia - Computer assisted composition

Wikipedia - Computer-assisted gaming

Wikipedia - Computer assisted learning

Wikipedia - Computer-assisted proof

Wikipedia - Computer-assisted reviewing

Wikipedia - Computer-assisted telephone interviewing -- Telephone surveying technique that includes assistance by a software application

Wikipedia - Computer-assisted translation

Wikipedia - Computer Associates

Wikipedia - Computer Audition

Wikipedia - Computer-automated design

Wikipedia - Computer Automation

Wikipedia - Computer Baba -- Indian ascetic and environmentalist

Wikipedia - Computer Bismarck

Wikipedia - Computer bridge -- Playing of contract bridge with computer software

Wikipedia - Computer bug

Wikipedia - Computer bus

Wikipedia - Computer capacity measurements

Wikipedia - Computer case -- Enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer

Wikipedia - Computer Center Corporation

Wikipedia - Computer checkers

Wikipedia - Computer chess bet

Wikipedia - Computer Chess (film)

Wikipedia - Computer Chess

Wikipedia - Computer chess -- Computer hardware and software capable of playing chess

Wikipedia - Computer chip

Wikipedia - Computer Chronicles -- American television broadcast on computer technology

Wikipedia - Computer Clubhouse -- Out-of-school learning program

Wikipedia - Computer cluster

Wikipedia - Computer code

Wikipedia - Computer compatibility

Wikipedia - Computer components

Wikipedia - Computer.com -- Dot-com company (1999-2000)

Wikipedia - Computer configuration

Wikipedia - Computer Conservation Society

Wikipedia - Computer Consoles Inc.

Wikipedia - Computer cooling

Wikipedia - Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section -- United States federal law enforcement agency

Wikipedia - Computer crime

Wikipedia - Computer data storage -- Storage of digital data readable by computers

Wikipedia - Computer dating

Wikipedia - Computer Decisions -- computer magazine, monthly, 1970s & 1980s

Wikipedia - Computer desk -- Furniture for computer users

Wikipedia - Computer display standard -- Specification of display attributes

Wikipedia - Computer displays

Wikipedia - Computer display

Wikipedia - Computer Emergency Readiness Team

Wikipedia - Computer emergency response team -- Organisation which responds to computer security incidents

Wikipedia - Computer emulator

Wikipedia - Computer Engineer Barbie -- 126th career version of Mattel's Barbie doll

Wikipedia - Computer Engineering

Wikipedia - Computer engineering

Wikipedia - Computer engineer

Wikipedia - Computer Entertainment Rating Organization

Wikipedia - Computer ethics

Wikipedia - Computer facial animation

Wikipedia - Computer fan

Wikipedia - Computer files

Wikipedia - Computer file -- Computer resource

Wikipedia - Computer font -- Digital description of a typographical font

Wikipedia - Computer forensics -- Branch of digital forensic science

Wikipedia - Computer form factor -- Indication of size and mounting options of a computer or its components

Wikipedia - Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

Wikipedia - Computer fraud

Wikipedia - Computer game bot Turing Test

Wikipedia - Computer game bot

Wikipedia - Computer Games Magazine

Wikipedia - Computer games

Wikipedia - Computer game

Wikipedia - Computer gaming

Wikipedia - Computer Gaming World

Wikipedia - Computer-generated holography

Wikipedia - Computer-generated imagery -- Application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images

Wikipedia - Computer-generated music

Wikipedia - Computer Go -- Field of artificial intelligence dedicated to creating a computer program that plays Go

Wikipedia - Computer graphics (computer science) -- Sub-field of computer science

Wikipedia - Computer graphics (disambiguation)

Wikipedia - Computer Graphics International

Wikipedia - Computer graphics lighting -- Simulation of light in computer graphics

Wikipedia - Computer Graphics Metafile -- Image file format family

Wikipedia - Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice

Wikipedia - Computer Graphics

Wikipedia - Computer graphics -- Graphics created using computers

Wikipedia - Computer hackers

Wikipedia - Computer hacking

Wikipedia - Computer hardware platforms

Wikipedia - Computer hardware -- Physical components of a computer

Wikipedia - Computer History Museum

Wikipedia - Computer image analysis

Wikipedia - Computer industry

Wikipedia - Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Wikipedia - Computer-integrated manufacturing

Wikipedia - Computer intelligence

Wikipedia - Computer interface

Wikipedia - Computerised National Identity Card -- Pakistani identity card

Wikipedia - Computerized adaptive testing -- A form of computer-based test that adapts to the examinee's ability level

Wikipedia - Computerized axial tomography

Wikipedia - Computerized CBT

Wikipedia - Computerized classification test

Wikipedia - Computer (job description) -- Person performing mathematical calculations, before electronic computers became available

Wikipedia - Computer Journal

Wikipedia - Computer keyboard -- Computer keyboard hardware

Wikipedia - Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge

Wikipedia - Computer languages

Wikipedia - Computer language

Wikipedia - Computer Lib / Dream Machines

Wikipedia - Computer Lib/Dream Machines

Wikipedia - Computer Literacy Bookshops

Wikipedia - Computer literacy

Wikipedia - Computer Love (Zapp song) -- 1986 single by Zapp

Wikipedia - Computer (magazine)

Wikipedia - Computer Measurement Group

Wikipedia - Computer mediated communication

Wikipedia - Computer-mediated communication

Wikipedia - Computer-mediated reality -- Ability to manipulate one's perception of reality through the use of a computer

Wikipedia - Computer memory -- Device used on a computer for storing data

Wikipedia - Computer Misuse Act 1990

Wikipedia - Computer modeling

Wikipedia - Computer model

Wikipedia - Computer Modern -- Family of typefaces

Wikipedia - Computer monitor -- Computer output device

Wikipedia - Computer mouse -- Pointing device used to control a computer

Wikipedia - Computer multitasking -- Concurrent execution of multiple processes

Wikipedia - Computer Music Center

Wikipedia - Computer Music Journal -- American peer-reviewed academic journal

Wikipedia - Computer music

Wikipedia - Computer network diagram

Wikipedia - Computer networking

Wikipedia - Computer network programming

Wikipedia - Computer Networks (journal)

Wikipedia - Computer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing

Wikipedia - Computer Networks

Wikipedia - Computer networks

Wikipedia - Computer network -- Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other

Wikipedia - Computer number format -- Internal representation of numeric values in a digital computer

Wikipedia - Computer Numerical Control

Wikipedia - Computer numerical control

Wikipedia - Computer numeric control

Wikipedia - Computer operator

Wikipedia - Computer organisation

Wikipedia - Computer Othello -- Abstract strategy game

Wikipedia - Computer People for Peace -- American left-wing political organization

Wikipedia - Computer performance by orders of magnitude

Wikipedia - Computer performance

Wikipedia - Computer peripherals

Wikipedia - Computer Physics Communications

Wikipedia - Computer Pioneer Award

Wikipedia - Computer pioneer

Wikipedia - Computer platform

Wikipedia - Computer poker players

Wikipedia - Computer poker player

Wikipedia - Computer port (hardware) -- Computer hardware

Wikipedia - Computer Power and Human Reason

Wikipedia - Computer printer

Wikipedia - Computer processing of body language

Wikipedia - Computer processor

Wikipedia - Computer process

Wikipedia - Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility

Wikipedia - Computer programmers

Wikipedia - Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Computer programming in the punch card era

Wikipedia - Computer programming in the punched card era

Wikipedia - Computer programming language

Wikipedia - Computer Programming

Wikipedia - Computer programming -- Process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs

Wikipedia - Computer Programs Directive

Wikipedia - Computer programs

Wikipedia - Computer program -- Instructions to be executed by a computer

Wikipedia - Computer puzzle game

Wikipedia - Computer rage -- Anger directed towards a computer

Wikipedia - Computer reasoning

Wikipedia - Computer repair technician -- Person who repairs and maintains computers and servers

Wikipedia - Computer representation of surfaces

Wikipedia - Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences -- Iranian online Islamic resource

Wikipedia - Computer reservation system

Wikipedia - Computer revolution

Wikipedia - Computer role playing game

Wikipedia - Computer role-playing game

Wikipedia - Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness

Wikipedia - Computers and Intractability

Wikipedia - Computers and the environment

Wikipedia - Computers and Typesetting

Wikipedia - Computers and writing

Wikipedia - Computer says no -- Decision making based on data but without common sense

Wikipedia - Computer Science and Engineering

Wikipedia - Computer science and engineering -- University academic program

Wikipedia - Computer science education

Wikipedia - Computer Science Ontology

Wikipedia - Computer Science Press, Inc.

Wikipedia - Computer Science Press

Wikipedia - Computer Sciences Corporation

Wikipedia - Computer sciences

Wikipedia - Computer Science Teachers Association -- Professional association

Wikipedia - Computer science theory

Wikipedia - Computer Science Tripos

Wikipedia - Computer Science

Wikipedia - Computer science -- Study of the foundations and applications of computation

Wikipedia - Computer scientists

Wikipedia - Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - Computer scientist -- Scientist specializing in computer science

Wikipedia - Computer screen film -- Film subgenre where the action takes place entirely on a screen of a computer or a smartphone

Wikipedia - Computer screen

Wikipedia - Computer security audit

Wikipedia - Computer security compromised by hardware failure

Wikipedia - Computer security conference

Wikipedia - Computer security model -- Plan for specifying and enforcing security policies

Wikipedia - Computer security software -- Computer program for information security

Wikipedia - Computer Security

Wikipedia - Computer security -- The protection of computer systems from theft or damage

Wikipedia - Computer server

Wikipedia - Computer services

Wikipedia - Computers for African Schools -- American charity

Wikipedia - Computershare -- Australian financial services company

Wikipedia - Computer shogi

Wikipedia - Computer Shopper (UK magazine)

Wikipedia - Computer-simulated

Wikipedia - Computer simulations

Wikipedia - Computer simulation -- Process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer

Wikipedia - Computers in Entertainment

Wikipedia - Computers in the classroom

Wikipedia - Computer Society of India

Wikipedia - Computer Society

Wikipedia - Computer software

Wikipedia - Computer Space -- 1971 space combat arcade game

Wikipedia - Computer speakers -- Type of speakers sold for use with computers

Wikipedia - Computerspielemuseum Berlin

Wikipedia - Computer stereo vision

Wikipedia - Computer storage device

Wikipedia - Computer storage

Wikipedia - Computer-supported collaboration

Wikipedia - Computer Supported Collaborative Learning

Wikipedia - Computer-supported collaborative learning -- Pedagogical approach wherein learning takes place via social interaction using a computer or through the Internet

Wikipedia - Computer Supported Cooperative Work

Wikipedia - Computer supported cooperative work

Wikipedia - Computer-supported cooperative work -- Field studying how people work in groups with the support of computing systems

Wikipedia - Computers

Wikipedia - Computer systems in the Soviet Union

Wikipedia - Computer Systems Research Group

Wikipedia - Computer systems

Wikipedia - Computer system

Wikipedia - Computer technician

Wikipedia - Computer technology for developing areas

Wikipedia - Computer technology

Wikipedia - Computer terminal -- Computer input/output device; an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system update programming

Wikipedia - Computer!Totaal -- Dutch monthly magazine

Wikipedia - Computer translation

Wikipedia - Computer Usage Company

Wikipedia - Computer user satisfaction

Wikipedia - Computer video game

Wikipedia - Computer viruses

Wikipedia - Computer virus -- Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread

Wikipedia - Computer Vision Annotation Tool -- free and open source, web-based image and video annotation tool

Wikipedia - Computer vision dazzle -- A type of camouflage used to hamper facial recognition software

Wikipedia - Computer Vision

Wikipedia - Computer vision -- Computerized information extraction from images

Wikipedia - Computer wargame -- Wargame played on a computer or other digital device

Wikipedia - Computer Weekly

Wikipedia - Computer -- Automatic general-purpose device for performing arithmetic or logical operations

Wikipedia - Computerwoche

Wikipedia - Computer workstation

Wikipedia - Computerworld UK

Wikipedia - Computer World

Wikipedia - ComputerWorld

Wikipedia - Computerworld -- American information technology magazine

Wikipedia - Computer worm -- Malware

Wikipedia - COMPUTE!'s Gazette

Wikipedia - Compute!'s Gazette -- Defunct US magazine about the Commodore computers

Wikipedia - Compute shader

Wikipedia - Compute! -- Defunct American home computer magazine

Wikipedia - Computex -- Taiwanese annual computer technology trade fair

Wikipedia - Computing Community Consortium

Wikipedia - Computing hardware

Wikipedia - Computing (journal)

Wikipedia - Computing Machine Laboratory

Wikipedia - Computing machinery and intelligence

Wikipedia - Computing Machinery and Intelligence -- 1950 article by Alan Turing on artificial intelligence that introduced the Turing test

Wikipedia - Computing (magazine) -- Weekly newspaper/magazine published in the UK

Wikipedia - Computing platforms

Wikipedia - Computing platform

Wikipedia - Computing Research Association

Wikipedia - Computing resource

Wikipedia - Computing Science

Wikipedia - Computing science

Wikipedia - Computing Surface

Wikipedia - Computing Tabulating Recording Company

Wikipedia - Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company -- American business machines company

Wikipedia - Computing utility

Wikipedia - Computing -- Branch of knowledge

Wikipedia - Computing with words and perceptions

Wikipedia - Computo (character) -- Fictional supervillain in DC comics universe

Wikipedia - Computo (Danielle Foccart) -- Fictional character

Wikipedia - Computon

Wikipedia - Computronium -- Theoretical arrangement of matter that is the best possible form of computing device for that amount of matter

Wikipedia - Computus -- calculation of the date of Easter

Wikipedia - COM Structured Storage -- Computer technology developed by Microsoft

Wikipedia - Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming

Wikipedia - Conceptual model (computer science)

Wikipedia - Concern (computer science)

Wikipedia - Concise Command Language -- Computer language

Wikipedia - Concurrency (computer science) -- Ability of different parts or units of a program, algorithm, or problem to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the final outcome

Wikipedia - Concurrent computer

Wikipedia - Concurrent computing -- Form of computing in which several computations are executing during overlapping time periods

Wikipedia - Conditional (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Condor High-Throughput Computing System

Wikipedia - Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Wikipedia - Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Wikipedia - Conficker -- Computer worm

Wikipedia - Configure (computing)

Wikipedia - Connascence (computer science)

Wikipedia - Connected (upcoming film) -- Upcoming American computer-animated science fiction comedy film

Wikipedia - Connor Freff Cochran -- American author and illustrator, computer and music industry journalist, publisher, producer, and business manager

Wikipedia - Conor McBride -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Consensus (computer science)

Wikipedia - Constant (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Constant (computer science)

Wikipedia - Const (computer programming) -- Type qualifier

Wikipedia - Constraint (computational chemistry) -- Method for satisfying the Newtonian motion of a rigid body which consists of mass points

Wikipedia - Constructor (computer science)

Wikipedia - Content Security Policy -- Computer security standard to prevent cross-site scripting and related attacks

Wikipedia - Context of computational complexity

Wikipedia - Context switch -- Switch between processes or tasks on a computer

Wikipedia - Continuation -- representation of the control state of a computer program

Wikipedia - Contract Net Protocol -- Computer task-sharing protocol

Wikipedia - Control-Alt-Delete -- Computer keyboard shortcut that triggers a reboot or system security function

Wikipedia - Control Data Corporation -- Defunct supercomputer firm

Wikipedia - Control-X -- Computer command

Wikipedia - Convergence (evolutionary computing)

Wikipedia - Conversational user interface -- Computer interface that emulates a conversation with a human

Wikipedia - Convex Computer

Wikipedia - Cookie stuffing -- Computer affiliate marketing technique

Wikipedia - Cooler Master -- Taiwanese computer hardware company

Wikipedia - CopSSH -- Remote shell services or command execution for secure network services between two networked computers

Wikipedia - Cordelia Schmid -- Computer vision researcher

Wikipedia - Cordell Green -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - CORDIC -- Algorithm for computing trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic and exponential functions

Wikipedia - Core-and-pod -- Computer network design

Wikipedia - Core dump -- Record of computer memory data at one moment

Wikipedia - Corinna Cortes -- Danish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Cornell box -- Computer graphics 3D reference model

Wikipedia - Coronary CT angiography -- Use of computed tomography angiography to assess the coronary arteries of the heart

Wikipedia - Coronary CT calcium scan -- Computed tomography scan of the heart for the assessment of severity of coronary artery disease

Wikipedia - Correctness (computer science)

Wikipedia - Corsair Gaming -- American computer peripherals and hardware company

Wikipedia - Corvette (computer) -- Series of personal home computers

Wikipedia - Cosmology@Home -- Volunteer computing project galaxy simulation

Wikipedia - Cotton Candy (single-board computer)

Wikipedia - Countermeasure (computer)

Wikipedia - Counting problem (complexity) -- Type of computational problem

Wikipedia - Coupling (computer programming) -- Degree of interdependence between software modules

Wikipedia - Coupling (computer science)

Wikipedia - Covariance and contravariance (computer science)

Wikipedia - Covert channel -- Computer security attack that creates a capability to transfer information between processes that are not supposed to be allowed to communicate

Wikipedia - CPL (programming language) -- Multi-paradigm computer programming language

Wikipedia - Craig Gentry (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Craig Larman -- Canadian-born computer scientist, author, and organizational development consultant

Wikipedia - Craig McClanahan -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Craig Neidorf -- Computer hacker

Wikipedia - Craig Reynolds (computer graphics) -- American computer graphics expert

Wikipedia - Craig Steven Wright -- Australian computer scientist and businessman

Wikipedia - Crash (computing) -- When a computer program stops functioning properly and self-terminates

Wikipedia - Crash (magazine) -- Computer magazine

Wikipedia - CRA-W: Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research

Wikipedia - Cray-1 -- Supercomputer manufactured by Cray Research

Wikipedia - Cray Urika-GD -- Graph discovery appliance, made by supercomputer maker Cray

Wikipedia - Cray Urika-XA -- Extreme analytics platform, manufactured by supercomputer maker Cray

Wikipedia - Cray -- American supercomputer manufacturer

Wikipedia - Cray XC30 -- Supercomputer manufactured by Cray

Wikipedia - Cray XC50 -- Supercomputer manufactured by Cray

Wikipedia - Cray XT3 -- Distributed memory massively parallel MIMD supercomputer

Wikipedia - Cray XT5 -- Family of supercomputers

Wikipedia - Cray Y-MP -- Supercomputer by Cray Research

Wikipedia - Creative Computing (magazine)

Wikipedia - Creative Computing

Wikipedia - Creative computing

Wikipedia - CRISPR/Cas Tools -- Computer software that aids design of guide RNAs for CRISPR gene editing

Wikipedia - Cristina Bazgan -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Cristina Conati -- Italian and Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Crossfire (computer game)

Wikipedia - Cross-platform software -- Computer software implemented on multiple computing platforms

Wikipedia - Cross-site scripting -- Computer security vulnerability

Wikipedia - Cruft -- Jargon word for redundant, obtrusive material, originally used in computing

Wikipedia - CS50 -- Computer science course

Wikipedia - CSIRAC -- Australia's first digital computer, and the fifth stored program computer in the world

Wikipedia - C't -- German computer magazine

Wikipedia - Cub Linux -- Computer operating system

Wikipedia - Curry-Howard correspondence -- Isomorphism between computer programs and constructive mathematical proofs

Wikipedia - Cursor (computers)

Wikipedia - Curtis Yarvin -- American political blogger and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Custom PC (magazine) -- UK-based computer magazine

Wikipedia - Cyberbullying -- Type of bullying occurs within electronic communication networking, the Internet and computer technology

Wikipedia - Cybercrimes Act in Tanzania -- Law in Tanzania for criminalizing offences related to computer systems and Information Communication Technologies; provides for investigation, collection, and use of electronic evidence in Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar

Wikipedia - Cybercrime -- Crime involving a computer and a network

Wikipedia - Cyberethics -- Philosophic study of ethics pertaining to computers

Wikipedia - Cybernetics -- the study of computer of how governing automatic processes and communications

Wikipedia - Cyberoam -- Computer security company

Wikipedia - Cyber-physical system -- Engineered systems built and operated with seamless integration physical components and computation

Wikipedia - Cyclone (computer) -- Vacuum tube computer built by Iowa State College

Wikipedia - Cynthia Beath -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Cynthia B. Lee -- Computer science lecturer at Stanford University

Wikipedia - Cynthia Breazeal -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Cynthia Dwork -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Cynthia Rudin -- American computer scientist and statistician

Wikipedia - Cynthia Solomon -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - DACAPO -- Quantum mechanical molecular dynamics computer code

Wikipedia - Daemon (computer software)

Wikipedia - Daemon (computing)

Wikipedia - Dahlia Malkhi -- Israeli-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dale Skeen -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dana Angluin -- Professor of computer science

Wikipedia - Dana Moshkovitz -- Israeli theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dan Benjamin -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Dan Connolly (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dan Crow (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Dan Geer -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dangerous Dave in the Haunted Mansion -- Computer game

Wikipedia - Daniel D. McCracken -- American computer scientist, academic, educator and writer

Wikipedia - Daniel Jackson (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Daniel Kottke -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - Danielle Belgrave -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Danielle Feinberg -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Daniel Murphy (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Daniel Robbins (computer programmer) -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Daniel Shiffman -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Daniel Siewiorek -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - Daniel Weinreb -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Dan Ingalls -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dan Klein -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Danny Cohen (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Danny Dolev -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Danny Goodman -- American computer programmer, technology consultant

Wikipedia - Dan Olsen -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Danqi Chen -- Chinese-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Danut Marcu -- Romanian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dan Willard -- American computer scientist, logician, and professor

Wikipedia - Daphne Koller -- Israeli-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Darius Kazemi -- Computer programmer and artist

Wikipedia - Darwin (operating system) -- Computer operating system

Wikipedia - Das Keyboard -- Series of computer keyboards sold by Metadot Corporation

Wikipedia - DASK -- First computer in Denmark, 1957

Wikipedia - Data as a service -- Cloud computing term regarding readily-available data for consumers

Wikipedia - Database server -- Computer server providing database services

Wikipedia - Data center -- Building or room used to house computer servers and related equipment

Wikipedia - Data cleansing -- Correcting inaccurate computer records

Wikipedia - Data (computing) -- Quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer

Wikipedia - Data control language -- Syntax similar to a computer programming language used to control access to data stored in a database

Wikipedia - Data General Nova -- 16-bit minicomputer series

Wikipedia - Data-intensive computing

Wikipedia - Data link layer -- Point-to-point communications layer of the OSI model of computer networking

Wikipedia - Data mining -- Finding patterns in large data sets using complex computational methods

Wikipedia - Data scrubbing -- Computer error correction technique

Wikipedia - Data structure alignment -- The way data is arranged and accessed in computer memory, involving data alignment and data structure padding and packing, so that reads and writes to memory can be efficiently performed

Wikipedia - Data structure -- Particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer

Wikipedia - David Abrahams (computer programmer)

Wikipedia - David A. Smith (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David Avis -- Canadian and British computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Bader (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Baron (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Coons -- Computer graphics and scanning professional

Wikipedia - David DeWitt -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Eppstein -- American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1963)

Wikipedia - David F. Bacon -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - David Hanson (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David Hartley (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - David J. Brown (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David J. Farber -- American computer scientist currently in Japan

Wikipedia - David Johnson-Davies -- Computer scientist and journalist

Wikipedia - David Karger -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Korn (computer scientist) -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - David L. Mills -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Lowe (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David May (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Park (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David Patterson (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David Pearson, Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - David Pearson (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David P. Reed -- American computer scientist (born 1952)

Wikipedia - David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science

Wikipedia - David R. Kaeli -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Siegel (computer scientist) -- Computer scientist and entrepreneur (b. 1961)

Wikipedia - David Silver (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David Turner (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Ungar -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Watt (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Wheeler (British computer scientist)

Wikipedia - David Wheeler (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - David Zuckerman (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Dawson Engler -- American computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Dazzle Draw -- Raster graphics editor for Apple II computers

Wikipedia - Dc (computer program)

Wikipedia - DCEbus -- Late 20th century computer bus standard

Wikipedia - DDR SDRAM -- Type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Deborah Estrin -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Deborah Frincke -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Deborah Joseph -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Deborah McGuinness -- American computer scientist, professor

Wikipedia - Deborah Washington Brown -- US computer scientist and speech recognition researcher

Wikipedia - Debora Marks -- Computational biologist

Wikipedia - Debugger -- Computer program used to test and debug other programs

Wikipedia - Debugging -- Process of finding and resolving defects or problems within a computer program

Wikipedia - Decentralized application -- Type of computer application

Wikipedia - Decentralized autonomous organization -- Computer network organization model

Wikipedia - Decentralized computing

Wikipedia - Decimal computer

Wikipedia - Decimal floating point -- decimal representation of real numbers in computing

Wikipedia - Decision problem -- Yes/no problem in computer science

Wikipedia - Declaration (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Declaration (computer science)

Wikipedia - DEC Multia -- Desktop computers

Wikipedia - Decomposition (computer science)

Wikipedia - DEC Professional (computer)

Wikipedia - DECUS -- Independent computer user group related to Digital Equipment Corporation

Wikipedia - Deep Blue (chess computer) -- Chess-playing computer made by IBM

Wikipedia - Deep Medhi -- Indo-American computer scientist and inventor

Wikipedia - Deep Thought (chess computer)

Wikipedia - Default gateway -- Node in a computer network

Wikipedia - Defense in depth (computing)

Wikipedia - Defense strategy (computing)

Wikipedia - Defensive computing

Wikipedia - Deforestation (computer science)

Wikipedia - DEGIMA (computer cluster)

Wikipedia - Dekatron -- Early and obsolete type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Delay line memory -- Early type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Dell M1000e -- Computer

Wikipedia - Dell -- American multinational computer technology corporation

Wikipedia - Dell XPS -- Line of high performance computers manufactured by Dell

Wikipedia - Deltaco -- Swedish computer hardware company

Wikipedia - Demetri Terzopoulos -- American professor of computer science

Wikipedia - Demi Getschko -- Brazilian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Demoscene -- Computer art subculture

Wikipedia - Dennis L. Montgomery -- Computer software designer

Wikipedia - Dennis Ritchie -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge

Wikipedia - Department of Computer Science of TU Darmstadt -- Department of Computer Science of the Technische UniversitM-CM-$t Darmstadt

Wikipedia - Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol

Wikipedia - Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Wikipedia - Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester

Wikipedia - Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford -- Department of the University of Oxford

Wikipedia - Department of Computer Science (University of Toronto)

Wikipedia - Department of Computing, Imperial College London

Wikipedia - Department of Defense Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process -- Computer security process

Wikipedia - DePaul University College of Computing and Digital Media

Wikipedia - Dependency (computer science)

Wikipedia - Deployment environment -- Computer system in which a computer program or software component is deployed and executed

Wikipedia - Derek Atkins -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Derive (computer algebra system)

Wikipedia - Design Automation Standards Committee -- Oversees IEEE Standards that are related to computer-aided design

Wikipedia - Design computing

Wikipedia - Design pattern (computer science)

Wikipedia - Desktop Computer

Wikipedia - Desktop computer -- Computer designed to be used on a fixed location

Wikipedia - Desktop computing

Wikipedia - Desktop metaphor -- Concept used on desktop computer graphical user interfaces

Wikipedia - Desktop publishing -- Creation of documents using page layout skills on a personal computer

Wikipedia - Desktop replacement computer -- Larger, bulkier laptop designed to replace a desktop

Wikipedia - Destructor (computer science)

Wikipedia - Deterministic computation

Wikipedia - Deterministic parsing -- Parsing related to computer science

Wikipedia - Developer Transition Kit -- Prototype ARM-based Mac computer

Wikipedia - Device driver -- Computer program

Wikipedia - Device fingerprint -- Information collected about a remote computing device for the purpose of full or partial identification

Wikipedia - Dew computing

Wikipedia - Diablo Data Systems -- Computer hardware company, printers, disk drives

Wikipedia - Dialect (computing)

Wikipedia - Diamond-based quantum computer

Wikipedia - Diamond-square algorithm -- Method for generating heightmaps for computer graphics

Wikipedia - Diana Maynard -- British computational linguist

Wikipedia - Diana McSherry -- American computer scientist and biophysicist

Wikipedia - Diana Merry -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Diane Gromala -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Diane Kelly (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Diane Souvaine -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dianna Xu -- Mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dick Smith (software) -- Chicago, Illinois-based software engineer, computer consultant and a science fiction fanzine publisher

Wikipedia - Differentiable neural computer -- Artificial neural network architecture

Wikipedia - Differentiation rules -- Wikimedia list article with rules for computing the derivative of a function in calculus

Wikipedia - Digital Accessible Information System -- Technical standard for digital audiobooks, periodicals and computerized text

Wikipedia - Digital audio workstation -- computer workstation or software application used for editing and creating music and audio

Wikipedia - Digital computers

Wikipedia - Digital computer

Wikipedia - Digital computing

Wikipedia - Digital Data Storage -- Computer data storage technology based on magnetic tape

Wikipedia - Digital Equipment Corporation -- U.S. computer manufacturer 1957-1998

Wikipedia - Digital fur -- Computer generated imagery technique

Wikipedia - Digital library -- Online database of digital objects stored in electronic media formats and accessible via computers

Wikipedia - Digital Reasoning -- American cognitive computing company

Wikipedia - Digital signal processing -- Mathematical signal manipulation by computers

Wikipedia - Digraph (computing)

Wikipedia - DikuMUD -- Multiplayer text-based role-playing computer game from 1991

Wikipedia - Dilution of precision (computer graphics) -- Computer graphics algorithmic method

Wikipedia - Dina Katabi -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dinosaur (film) -- 2000 American computer-animated adventure film by Eric Leighton and Ralph Zondag

Wikipedia - Direct mind-computer interface

Wikipedia - Directory (computing)

Wikipedia - Dirty COW -- Computer security vulnerability

Wikipedia - Discrete and Computational Geometry

Wikipedia - Discrete > Computational Geometry

Wikipedia - Discrete element method -- Numerical methods for computing the motion and effect of a large number of small particles

Wikipedia - Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science

Wikipedia - Disney Magic Kingdoms -- 2016 world builder mobile and computer game based on the Disney theme parks

Wikipedia - Disparate system -- Data processing system without interaction with other computer data processing systems

Wikipedia - Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society

Wikipedia - Distributed computation

Wikipedia - Distributed Computing Environment

Wikipedia - Distributed Computing (journal)

Wikipedia - Distributed computing project

Wikipedia - Distributed computing -- System whose components are located on different networked computers

Wikipedia - Distributed Interactive Simulation -- IEEE standard for real-time platform-level wargaming across multiple host computers

Wikipedia - Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet -- Tunneling and virtualization technology for computer networks

Wikipedia - Dive computer -- Instrument to record dive profile and calculate decompression obligations in real time

Wikipedia - Divergence (computer science)

Wikipedia - Division algorithm -- Algorithms for computing the quotient and the remainder of an integer division

Wikipedia - Dixie Garr -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - DJ Patil -- American mathematician and computer scientist (born 1974)

Wikipedia - DjVu -- Computer file format

Wikipedia - DMZ (computing) -- Subnetwork of a system exposed to external world

Wikipedia - DNA computing

Wikipedia - Dna computing

Wikipedia - Doc (computing) -- Filename extension

Wikipedia - DOCSIS -- Standard for computer networking over a cable television system

Wikipedia - Documation -- American computer hardware manufacturer

Wikipedia - Document-oriented database -- A document-oriented NoSQL database, or document store, is a computer program designed for storing, retrieving and managing semi-structured, document-oriented information.

Wikipedia - Doel (computer)

Wikipedia - Domain Name System -- Hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network

Wikipedia - Domain (software engineering) -- target subject of a computer program

Wikipedia - Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences

Wikipedia - Donald Knuth -- American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at Stanford University

Wikipedia - Don Fussell -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Doors (computing)

Wikipedia - Dorcas Muthoni -- Kenyan computer engineer and businesswoman

Wikipedia - Dorit Aharonov -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Doron A. Peled -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dorothea Blostein -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dorothea Wagner -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dorothy Blum -- American computer scientist and cryptanalyst

Wikipedia - Dorothy McEwen Kildall -- American [[microcomputer]] industry pioneer

Wikipedia - Dorothy Monekosso -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Dorothy Stein -- American psychologist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Double-precision floating-point format -- 64-bit computer number format

Wikipedia - Douglas Crockford -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Download -- Computer file operation

Wikipedia - Do You Trust This Computer?

Wikipedia - Draft:Astronomical Data Query Language -- Computer language for astronomical data

Wikipedia - Draft:Brett Buerhaus -- American computer security researcher

Wikipedia - Draft:Luke Aaron Reynolds -- Australian-born Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - Draft:Michel Bercovier -- Professor of Scientific Computing

Wikipedia - Draft:Nazir Peroz -- German computer scientist researching IT in developing countries

Wikipedia - Draft:Oleksandr Kosovan -- Inventor, computer engineer

Wikipedia - Draft:Pyg and Tam: Loves babies -- American computer-animated streaming television series produced by DreamWorks Animation

Wikipedia - Draft:QuEra Computing -- Quantum computing company

Wikipedia - Draft:Sadegh Nobari -- computer scientist

Wikipedia - Draft:Snehasis Banerjee -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Draft:Vincent Troia -- Computer security professional

Wikipedia - Dragon 32/64 -- Home computer model

Wikipedia - Dragon Book (computer science)

Wikipedia - DreamLab -- Volunteer computing mobile app for medical research

Wikipedia - Drive-by download -- Unintended download of computer software from the Internet, either M-bM-^QM- which a person has authorized but without understanding the consequences or M-bM-^QM-! download that happens without a person's knowledge, often a computer virus, spyware, malware

Wikipedia - Drobe -- Computing news web site with a focus on the RISC OS operating system

Wikipedia - Drude Berntsen -- Norwegian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Drugwars -- Turn-based strategy computer game created in 1984

Wikipedia - Dungeon (computer game)

Wikipedia - Dungeons > Dragons Computer Fantasy Game

Wikipedia - Duqu -- Collection of computer malware discovered in 2011

Wikipedia - D-Wave Systems -- Canadian Quantum Computing Company

Wikipedia - Dword (Computer)

Wikipedia - Dynabook -- Early portable computer concept

Wikipedia - Dynamic binding (computing)

Wikipedia - Dynamic random-access memory -- Type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Dynamic simulation -- Computer modeling of time-varying behavior of a dynamical system

Wikipedia - E3 -- American annual computer and video game industry trade event

Wikipedia - East Front (video game) -- 1997 computer wargame

Wikipedia - ECC memory -- Self-correcting computer data storage

Wikipedia - Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company

Wikipedia - Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation

Wikipedia - Economic planning -- resource allocation system based on a computational procedure

Wikipedia - ECSE (Academic Degree) -- Academic Degree in computer science

Wikipedia - Edda Sveinsdottir -- Icelandic/Danish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Eddie Kohler -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Edge computing

Wikipedia - Edit distance -- Computer science metric of string similarity

Wikipedia - Edith Cohen -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Edith Elkind -- Estonian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Edmund M. Clarke -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ed Roberts (computer engineer) -- American engineer, entrepreneur and doctor

Wikipedia - Ed Roberts (computers)

Wikipedia - EDSAC 2 -- Early computer from 1958

Wikipedia - EDSAC -- 1940s-1950s British computer

Wikipedia - Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing

Wikipedia - Edsger W. Dijkstra -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Edson Hendricks -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - EDVAC -- One of the earliest electronic computers, delivered in 1949

Wikipedia - Edward W. Veitch -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Edwin Catmull -- Computer scientist and former president of Pixar

Wikipedia - EEPROM -- Computer memory used for small quantities of data

Wikipedia - Effective results in number theory -- Theorems whose content is effectively computable

Wikipedia - E-GIF -- Scheme for ensuring the inter-operation of computer-based systems

Wikipedia - Egocentric vision -- Type of computer vision

Wikipedia - Eiichi Goto -- Japanese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elaine M. McGraw -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Elaine Oran -- American aerospace engineer, computer scientist, physicist

Wikipedia - Elaine Shi -- Chinese and American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elaine Weyuker -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elanor Huntington -- Australian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elbrus (computer)

Wikipedia - Elbrus supercomputer

Wikipedia - Eleanor Ireland -- Early British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Eleazar Eskin -- American computer scientist and geneticist

Wikipedia - Electra (supercomputer) -- NASA supercomputer

Wikipedia - Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Wikipedia - Electrochemical RAM -- Novel type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity

Wikipedia - Electronic computers

Wikipedia - Electronic computer

Wikipedia - Electronic computing

Wikipedia - Electronic literature -- Literary genre consisting of works of literature that originate within digital environments and require digital computation

Wikipedia - Elena Besley -- Computational chemist, researcher

Wikipedia - Eleni Stroulia -- Greek/Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elephant Managers Association -- International learned society for computing

Wikipedia - Elette Boyle -- American and Israeli computer scientist and cryptographer

Wikipedia - Elham Kashefi -- Computer scientist and quantum computing researcher

Wikipedia - Elisabeth Andre -- German Computer Scientist from Saarlouis.

Wikipedia - Elisabeth Larsson (scientific computing) -- Swedish applied mathematician and numerical analyst

Wikipedia - Elizabeth Belding -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elizabeth Langdon Williams -- American human computer and astronomer

Wikipedia - Elizabeth O'Neil -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elizabeth Rather -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - ELIZA -- Early natural language processing computer program

Wikipedia - Ellen Fetter -- American computer scientist and chaos theory researcher

Wikipedia - Ellen Gethner -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ellen Spertus -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ellen Voorhees -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ellen W. Zegura -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elliot Koffman -- American computer scientist and educationist

Wikipedia - Elliott Brothers (computer company)

Wikipedia - Elsie Shutt -- American computer programmer and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Elvira Mayordomo -- Spanish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Elvis operator -- Binary operator in computer programming

Wikipedia - Elza Erkip -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - EMachines eOne -- Desktop computer

Wikipedia - EMac -- All-in-one desktop computer designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc.

Wikipedia - E. Mark Gold -- American physicist, mathematician, and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Embedded computer

Wikipedia - Embedded system -- Computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system

Wikipedia - Emily Mower Provost -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Emma Hart (computer scientist) -- English computer scientist

Wikipedia - Emma Haruka Iwao -- Japanese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Emmanuel Mogenet -- French computer engineer

Wikipedia - Emo Welzl -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Emulation (computing)

Wikipedia - Encapsulation (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Encapsulation (computer science)

Wikipedia - Encore Computer

Wikipedia - Endianness -- Order of bytes in a computer word

Wikipedia - End-of-file -- Offset that corresponds to the first byte beyond the length of a computer file

Wikipedia - End system -- Computers connected to a computer network

Wikipedia - End-to-end principle -- design principle for computer networking

Wikipedia - End-user (computer science)

Wikipedia - ENIAC -- First electronic general-purpose digital computer

Wikipedia - Enid Mumford -- British social scientist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - ENlight Cloud -- Cloud computing platform

Wikipedia - Enomaly -- Cloud computing company

Wikipedia - Enrique Alba -- Spanish computer science professor (born 1968)

Wikipedia - Enter key -- Key on computer keyboards

Wikipedia - Enterprise cognitive system -- Computing system

Wikipedia - Enthusiast computing -- High-end, high-performance personal computing

Wikipedia - Entropy (computing)

Wikipedia - Entscheidungsproblem -- Impossible task in computing

Wikipedia - Enumerator (in theoretical computer science)

Wikipedia - EPIC (form factor) -- Computer form factor for a single board computer

Wikipedia - Epoch Co. -- Japanese toy and computer games company

Wikipedia - Epoch Game Pocket Computer -- Handheld game console by Epoch Co.

Wikipedia - EPROM -- Early type of solid state computer memory

Wikipedia - Erable -- computer algebra system for Hewlett-Packard graphing calculators

Wikipedia - Eric Allman -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Eric Bach -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Eric Brewer (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Eric Gilbert -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Eric Haines -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Eric Horvitz -- American computer scientist, and Technical Fellow at Microsoft

Wikipedia - Eric Sink -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Eric S. Raymond -- American computer programmer, author, and advocate for the open source movement

Wikipedia - Erik Bloodaxe (hacker) -- Computer hacker

Wikipedia - Erik Demaine -- Professor of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Erik Meijer (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Erik Naggum -- Norwegian computer programmer

Wikipedia - Erin Johnson -- Canadian computational chemist

Wikipedia - Ernest Friedman-Hill -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Ernst-Rudiger Olderog -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Escom (computer company)

Wikipedia - ESET NOD32 -- Computer protection software

Wikipedia - Espresso heuristic logic minimizer -- computer program for complexity reduction of digital logic circuits

Wikipedia - EternalBlue -- Computer security exploit

Wikipedia - Ethel Bellamy -- English astronomical computer and seismologist

Wikipedia - Ethereum Classic -- Open source blockchain computing platform

Wikipedia - Ethereum -- Open source blockchain computing platform

Wikipedia - Ethernet -- Computer networking technology

Wikipedia - Eucalyptus (computing)

Wikipedia - Euclidean algorithm -- Algorithm for computing greatest common divisors

Wikipedia - Eugene M. Luks -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - European Association for Theoretical Computer Science

Wikipedia - European Computer Manufacturers Association

Wikipedia - European Conference on Computational Biology

Wikipedia - European Conference on Computer Vision

Wikipedia - European Grid Infrastructure -- Effort to provide access to high-throughput computing resources across Europe

Wikipedia - EuroWordNet -- Computational linguistics database

Wikipedia - Evelyn Berezin -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Event (computing)

Wikipedia - Event-driven programming -- Computer programming paradigm

Wikipedia - Eventual consistency -- Consistency model used in distributed computing to achieve high availability

Wikipedia - Evgeniy Gabrilovich -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Evil maid attack -- Type of computer security breach

Wikipedia - Evolutionary Bioinformatics -- A peer-reviewed open access scientific journal focusing on computational biology in the study of evolution

Wikipedia - Evolutionary Computation (journal)

Wikipedia - Evolutionary Computation

Wikipedia - Evolutionary computation -- Trial and error problem solvers with a metaheuristic or stochastic optimization character

Wikipedia - Evolutionary computing

Wikipedia - Evolved antenna -- Antenna designed by an evolutionary computer algorithm

Wikipedia - Ewa Deelman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ewin Tang -- American computer scientist (born 2000)

Wikipedia - Exascale computing

Wikipedia - Exception (computer science)

Wikipedia - Exec (computing)

Wikipedia - Execution (computers)

Wikipedia - Execution (computing) -- running of a program by a computer

Wikipedia - Expansion card -- Circuit board able to be connected to a computer system to add functionality

Wikipedia - Expensive Desk Calculator -- Computer program

Wikipedia - Expensive Tape Recorder -- Computer program

Wikipedia - Expensive Typewriter -- Computer program

Wikipedia - EXperimental Computing Facility

Wikipedia - Explicitly parallel instruction computing -- Instruction set architecture

Wikipedia - Exploit (computer security)

Wikipedia - Exporter (computing) -- Video game development tool

Wikipedia - Expression (computer science)

Wikipedia - Expressive power (computer science)

Wikipedia - Extended Euclidean algorithm -- Method for computing the relation of two integers with their greatest common divisor

Wikipedia - Extensible Host Controller Interface -- Computer interface specification

Wikipedia - Extensions for Scientific Computation

Wikipedia - Eyewire -- Human-based computation game

Wikipedia - Fabric computing

Wikipedia - FACOM 100 -- Japanese relay-based electromechanical computer

Wikipedia - FACT (computer language)

Wikipedia - FACT computer language

Wikipedia - Fahiem Bacchus -- Canadian professor of computer science

Wikipedia - Fail2ban -- Intrusion prevention software framework that protects computer servers from brute-force attacks

Wikipedia - Failover -- Automatic switching to a standby computer system or component upon the failure of a previously active system or component

Wikipedia - Fallacies of distributed computing

Wikipedia - Fallout (computer game)

Wikipedia - Family Computer Disk System

Wikipedia - FastBack -- Backup program for personal computers

Wikipedia - Father Christmas (computer worm)

Wikipedia - Fault-tolerant computer system

Wikipedia - FDA Adverse Event Reporting System -- US FDA supporting computerized database

Wikipedia - F. David Boswell -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Feature detection (computer vision)

Wikipedia - Federal Computer Week

Wikipedia - Federated Computing Research Conference

Wikipedia - Fe FET -- Novel computer memory type

Wikipedia - Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery

Wikipedia - Fellow of the British Computer Society

Wikipedia - Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery

Wikipedia - Feng-hsiung Hsu -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Fengqi You -- professor and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Fermat (computer algebra system)

Wikipedia - Fernanda Viegas -- Brazilian-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ferranti MRT -- Application-specific handheld computer

Wikipedia - Ferroelectric RAM -- Novel type of computer memory

Wikipedia - FESOM -- A multi-resolution ocean general circulation model that solves the equations of motion describing the ocean and sea ice using finite-element and finite-volume methods on unstructured computational grids

Wikipedia - Fiber (computer science) -- Lightweight thread of execution in the field of computer science

Wikipedia - FidoNet -- International computer network

Wikipedia - Field (computer science)

Wikipedia - FIFO (computing and electronics)

Wikipedia - Fifth Generation Computer Systems project

Wikipedia - Fifth Generation Computer

Wikipedia - Fifth generation computer

Wikipedia - Filename -- Text string used to uniquely identify a computer file

Wikipedia - File size -- Measure of data usage by computer files

Wikipedia - Files transferred over shell protocol -- Computer protocol

Wikipedia - Finale Doshi-Velez -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Finite-state machine -- Mathematical model of computation

Wikipedia - Firebase -- Cloud computing and development platform by Google

Wikipedia - Fire HD -- Tablet computer manufactured by Amazon

Wikipedia - Firewall (computing) -- Software or hardware-based network security system

Wikipedia - First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC -- First published description of the logical design of a stored-program computer

Wikipedia - First-order logic -- Collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science

Wikipedia - Fixed-point arithmetic -- Computer format for representing real numbers

Wikipedia - FJG RAM -- Novel type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Flag (computing)

Wikipedia - Flag day (computing)

Wikipedia - FLAIM -- Modular tool designed to allow computer and network log sharing

Wikipedia - Flame (malware) -- Modular computer malware discovered in 2012

Wikipedia - Flash memory -- Electronic non-volatile computer storage device

Wikipedia - Flat network -- Type of computer network design

Wikipedia - Flavors (computer science)

Wikipedia - Floating-point arithmetic -- Computer format for representing real numbers

Wikipedia - Flooding (computer networking)

Wikipedia - FLOPS -- Measure of computer performance

Wikipedia - Flow shop scheduling -- class of computational problem

Wikipedia - Fluid Framework -- computer platform for real-time collaboration across applications

Wikipedia - Flynn's taxonomy -- Classification of computer architectures

Wikipedia - FM-7 -- 1982 Fujitsu home computer

Wikipedia - FM Towns -- Japanese personal computer

Wikipedia - Fog computing

Wikipedia - Folder (computing)

Wikipedia - Folding@home -- Distributed computing project simulating protein folding

Wikipedia - Forky Asks a Question -- Series of computer-generated animated short films by Pixar

Wikipedia - Formal Aspects of Computing Science

Wikipedia - Formal Aspects of Computing

Wikipedia - Forrest N. Iandola -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science

Wikipedia - Fourth-generation programming language -- Group of computer programming languages

Wikipedia - Fourth Industrial Revolution -- Current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. It includes cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things and cloud computing

Wikipedia - Fractint -- Computer program to render and display many kinds of fractals

Wikipedia - Fragmentation (computer)

Wikipedia - Frances Allen -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Frances A. Rosamond -- Australian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Francesca Rossi -- Italian computer scientist, University of Padova

Wikipedia - Frances Spence -- American physicist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Francine Berman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Francois Fluckiger -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Francois Lionet -- French computer programmer

Wikipedia - Franc Solina -- Slovene computer scientist and university professor

Wikipedia - Franz Aurenhammer -- Austrian computational geometer

Wikipedia - Franz Josef Och -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Frederic T. Chong -- American computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Fred W. Glover -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Free Birds -- 2013 American 3D computer-animated buddy comedy film directed by Jimmy Hayward

Wikipedia - Free energy perturbation -- Method in computational chemistry

Wikipedia - Free On-line Dictionary of Computing -- Online, searchable, encyclopedic dictionary of computing subjects

Wikipedia - Freeze (computing)

Wikipedia - French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation

Wikipedia - Frieder Nake -- German mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Front-end (computing)

Wikipedia - Frozen (2013 film) -- 2013 computer animated film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios

Wikipedia - Fugaku (supercomputer)

Wikipedia - Fujitsu Computer Products of America -- American computer products company

Wikipedia - Fujitsu Siemens Computers -- 1999-2009 Japanese-German computer technology company

Wikipedia - Full disclosure (computer security) -- Policy in computer security

Wikipedia - Full virtualization -- Computing technique involving instances of an environment

Wikipedia - Fulufhelo Nelwamondo -- Fulufhelo Nelwamondo (1982-) is a South African engineer and computer scientist known for his work on computational intelligence techniques

Wikipedia - Functional Programming Languages and Computer Architecture

Wikipedia - Function composition (computer science)

Wikipedia - Function (computer science)

Wikipedia - Function (computing)

Wikipedia - Function key -- Key on aM-BM- computerM-BM- orM-BM- terminalM-BM- keyboard

Wikipedia - Fundamental matrix (computer vision)

Wikipedia - Fun.exe virus -- computer virus

Wikipedia - Futurebus -- 1980s computer bus standard that saw limited use

Wikipedia - Gabriela Ochoa -- Venezuelan British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Gadget (computer science)

Wikipedia - Gail C. Murphy -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Gail Williams -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Galaxy (computational biology)

Wikipedia - Gameframe -- Hybrid computer system

Wikipedia - GamesMaster (magazine) -- Multi-format computer and video game magazine

Wikipedia - Games-X -- defunct computer and video games magazine 1991-1992

Wikipedia - Gaming computer -- Desktop or laptop computer meant for running demanding video games and other applications

Wikipedia - GammaFax -- First personal computer fax board

Wikipedia - G. Anthony Gorry -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - GAP (computer algebra system)

Wikipedia - Gap theorem -- There are arbitrarily large computable gaps in the hierarchy of complexity classes

Wikipedia - Garbage collection (computer science) -- Form of automatic memory management

Wikipedia - Garbage (computer science)

Wikipedia - Gary Gadget -- Series of computer games

Wikipedia - Gary Kildall -- American computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Gary Miller (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Gaston Gonnet -- Computer Scientist, Entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Gates-Dell Complex -- Computer Science department at the University of Texas at Austin

Wikipedia - Gateway (computer networking)

Wikipedia - Gauntlet (keyboard) -- Wireless glove that can be used as a computer keyboard input device

Wikipedia - Gaze-contingency paradigm -- Techniques for changing computer screen display depending on where the viewer is looking

Wikipedia - GeForce -- Range of computer graphics cards by Nvidia

Wikipedia - Gemini Guidance Computer

Wikipedia - Gene Amdahl -- American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur

Wikipedia - General-purpose computer

Wikipedia - General-purpose computing on graphics processing units

Wikipedia - General recursive function -- One of several equivalent definitions of a computable function

Wikipedia - Generator (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Generator (computer science)

Wikipedia - Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference

Wikipedia - Genetic memory (computer science)

Wikipedia - GeneXus -- Computer programming tool

Wikipedia - Geoffrey Hinton -- British-Canadian computer scientist and psychologist

Wikipedia - Geologic modelling -- Applied science of creating computerized representations of portions of the Earth's crust

Wikipedia - GEORGE (computer) -- Computer built in 1957 by Argonne National Laboratory

Wikipedia - George Coulouris (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - George Danezis -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - George Hotz -- celebrity computer engineer

Wikipedia - George N. Baird -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - George Perlegos -- Computer scientist and engineer

Wikipedia - George Sadowsky -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Georg Essl -- Austrian computer scientist and musician

Wikipedia - George Stibitz -- Bell Labs researcher; one of the fathers of the modern first digital computer

Wikipedia - Georg Gottlob -- Austrian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing

Wikipedia - Georgia Institute of Technology School of Computational Science & Engineering -- School of computer science in Atlanta, Georgia

Wikipedia - Georgia Institute of Technology School of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Georgia Institute of Technology School of Interactive Computing

Wikipedia - Georgia Tech College of Computing

Wikipedia - Georgia Tech Online Master of Science in Computer Science

Wikipedia - Geraldine Fitzpatrick -- Australian computer scientist in Vienna

Wikipedia - Gerald Jay Sussman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Gerard Le Lann -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Gerhard Hund -- German mathematician, computer scientist and chess player

Wikipedia - Gerth Stolting Brodal -- Danish computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Ghostball (computer virus)

Wikipedia - Ghost work -- Type of conditions of computer work

Wikipedia - Gift wrapping algorithm -- Algorithm for computing convex hulls in a set of points

Wikipedia - Gil Kalai -- Israeli mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Gillian Dobbie -- NZ computer scientist

Wikipedia - Gillian Docherty -- British computer scientist and CEO

Wikipedia - Gillian Lovegrove -- British computer scientist and academic

Wikipedia - GITEX -- Computer and electronics trade show

Wikipedia - Giulio Prisco -- Italian computer scientist

Wikipedia - GLaDOS -- Artificially superintelligent computer system in the Portal series of video games

Wikipedia - Glen Kuban -- American computer programmer and independent investigator

Wikipedia - Glenn Ricart -- Computer scientist and Internet pioneer

Wikipedia - Glitch -- Short-lived fault in a computer system

Wikipedia - Global illumination -- Group of rendering algorithms used in 3D computer graphics

Wikipedia - Gloria Gordon Bolotsky -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Glossary of backup terms -- List of definitions of terms and jargon related to computer data backups

Wikipedia - Glossary of computer chess terms -- Wikipedia glossary

Wikipedia - Glossary of computer graphics

Wikipedia - Glossary of computer hardware terms

Wikipedia - Glossary of computer science -- List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in computer science

Wikipedia - Glossary of computer software terms -- Wikipedia glossary

Wikipedia - Glossary of reconfigurable computing -- Wikipedia glossary list

Wikipedia - G. M. Nijssen -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Gnomeo & Juliet -- computer-animated film loosely based on ''Romeo and Juliet''

Wikipedia - GnosticPlayers -- Computer hacking group

Wikipedia - GNU nano -- Text editor for Unix-like computing systems

Wikipedia - Good Morning Today -- Computer-animated television show

Wikipedia - Google Fuchsia -- Computer operating system by Google

Wikipedia - Google Glass -- Optical head-mounted computer glasses

Wikipedia - Gordon Bell -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - Gordon Daugherty -- American computer scientist and author

Wikipedia - Gordon Eubanks -- American computer pioneer

Wikipedia - Gordon Kindlmann -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Government hacking -- Computer hacking perpetrated by governments

Wikipedia - GPD Win 2 -- Handheld Windows gaming computer

Wikipedia - GPD Win Max -- [[Handheld PC| ]]Handheld Windows gaming computer

Wikipedia - Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing -- American conference for women in computing

Wikipedia - Grace Hopper -- American computer scientist and US Navy admiral (1906-1992)

Wikipedia - Grace Murray Hopper Award -- Computer science award

Wikipedia - Graham scan -- Algorithm for computing convex hulls in a set of points

Wikipedia - Grammar checker -- Computer program that verifies written text for grammatical correctness

Wikipedia - Granularity (parallel computing)

Wikipedia - Graph (computer science)

Wikipedia - Graphics display resolution -- Width and height of an electronic visual display device, such as a computer monitor, in pixels

Wikipedia - Graphite (software) -- Tool that monitors and graphs the performance of computer systems

Wikipedia - Greedy algorithm -- This article describes a type of algorithmic approach that is used to solve computer science problems

Wikipedia - Green computing

Wikipedia - Greenspun's tenth rule -- Computing aphorism

Wikipedia - Greenware (computing) -- Software license

Wikipedia - Grid Compass -- Early laptop computer

Wikipedia - Grid Computing

Wikipedia - Grid computing -- Use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal

Wikipedia - Grigore Rosu -- Computer science professor

Wikipedia - Ground-glass opacity -- Radiologic sign on radiographs and computed tomography scans

Wikipedia - Group 42 (Emirati company) -- Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing company

Wikipedia - Group (computing) -- Grouping of users as part of an access control system on a computer

Wikipedia - Groupe Bull -- French-owned computer company

Wikipedia - GST Computer Systems -- Group of computer companies based in Cambridge

Wikipedia - Gtkmm -- Computer Program

Wikipedia - Gtranslator -- Free computer-assisted translation software

Wikipedia - Guard (computer science)

Wikipedia - Guard (computing)

Wikipedia - Gudrun J. Klinker -- German computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Gul Agha (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Gumstix -- Company that makes similarly named single board computers

Wikipedia - Gustafson's law -- Theoretical speedup formula in computer architecture

Wikipedia - Gustavo Stolovitzky -- IBM Fellow and computational systems biologist

Wikipedia - Gutmann method -- Algorithm for securely erasing computer hard drives

Wikipedia - Guy L. Steele Jr. -- American computer scientist (born 1954)

Wikipedia - H2Ceramic cooling -- Computer cooling product

Wikipedia - Hack (computer code)

Wikipedia - Hack (computing)

Wikipedia - Hacker (computer security)

Wikipedia - Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution -- 1984 non-fiction book by Steven Levy

Wikipedia - Hacker -- Computing term

Wikipedia - Hacktivism -- Use of computers and computer networks as a means of protest to promote political ends

Wikipedia - Hack (video game) -- Computer game

Wikipedia - Hagit Attiya -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Hagit Hel-Or -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Haitao Zheng -- Chinese-American computer scientist and engineer

Wikipedia - HAL Computer Systems

Wikipedia - Half-precision floating-point format -- 16-bit computer number format

Wikipedia - Hampton Catlin -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Handheld computer

Wikipedia - Handheld PC -- Computer that is significantly smaller than a laptop

Wikipedia - Handle (computing)

Wikipedia - Hands-free computing

Wikipedia - Hang (computing)

Wikipedia - Hank Levy (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Hannah Bast -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Hanna Wallach -- Computational social scientist

Wikipedia - Hanneke Jansen -- Computational chemist

Wikipedia - Hans-Jurgen Appelrath -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Hans-Paul Schwefel -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Hans Reiser -- American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and convicted murderer

Wikipedia - Hao Li -- American computer scientist & university professor

Wikipedia - Harald Ganzinger -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Harbour (programming language) -- Computer programming language

Wikipedia - Hardening (computing)

Wikipedia - Hardware acceleration -- Use of specialized computer hardware to perform some functions more efficiently than is possible in software running on a more general-purpose CPU

Wikipedia - Hardware description language -- Specialized computer language used to describe the structure and behavior of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital logic circuits

Wikipedia - Hardware virtualization -- The virtualization of computers or operating systems

Wikipedia - Harlan Anderson -- American computer engineer and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Harlan Mills -- Computer science professor

Wikipedia - Harold Thimbleby -- British computer scientist (born 1955)

Wikipedia - Harri Hursti -- Finnish computer programmer

Wikipedia - Harry Buhrman -- Dutch Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - Harry R. Lewis -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Harvard Computers

Wikipedia - Hava Siegelmann -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Havoc Pennington -- American computer engineer and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Hawkboard -- Single board computer

Wikipedia - Hawk-Eye -- Computer vision system

Wikipedia - Hayes Microcomputer Products -- U.S.-based manufacturer of modems

Wikipedia - Hazard (computer architecture)

Wikipedia - Header (computing)

Wikipedia - Headless computer

Wikipedia - Head-of-line blocking -- A performance-limiting phenomenon in computer network data transfer

Wikipedia - Heap (data structure) -- Computer science data structure

Wikipedia - Hector Garcia-Molina -- Mexican computer scientist

Wikipedia - Heikki Mannila -- Finnish computer scientist

Wikipedia - HeinrichsWeikamp -- German manufacturer of dive computers and other underwater electronics for recreational diving.

Wikipedia - He Jifeng -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Helmut Veith -- Austrian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Hemchandra Kekre -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Henriette Avram -- American computer programmer and system analyst

Wikipedia - Henri Gouraud (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Henry Baker (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Herb Sutter -- US computer programmer and author

Wikipedia - Hercules Computer Technology

Wikipedia - Herman Lukoff -- American computer pioneer

Wikipedia - Hermann Bottenbruch -- German mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Heterogeneous computing

Wikipedia - Heuristic (computer science)

Wikipedia - Hex dump -- Hexadecimal view of computer data

Wikipedia - Hidden-surface determination -- Visibility in 3D computer graphics

Wikipedia - HiFive Unleashed -- Single board computer development board

Wikipedia - Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation

Wikipedia - High Performance Computing Act of 1991

Wikipedia - High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991

Wikipedia - High Performance Computing

Wikipedia - High-Performance Computing

Wikipedia - High performance computing

Wikipedia - High-performance computing

Wikipedia - High Performance Fuzzy Computing

Wikipedia - High-performance technical computing

Wikipedia - High-throughput computing -- The use of many computing resources over long periods of time to accomplish a computational task

Wikipedia - Hilary Finucane -- American computational biologist

Wikipedia - Hilary Kahn -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Hiroshi Ishii (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - History of CAD software -- Computer-aided design software

Wikipedia - History of computer and video games

Wikipedia - History of computer animation

Wikipedia - History of computer games

Wikipedia - History of computer hardware in Bulgaria

Wikipedia - History of computer hardware in Soviet Bloc countries

Wikipedia - History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia

Wikipedia - History of computer hardware

Wikipedia - History of computer science -- Aspect of history

Wikipedia - History of computers

Wikipedia - History of computing hardware (1960s-present)

Wikipedia - History of computing hardware -- From early calculation aids to modern day computers

Wikipedia - History of computing in Poland

Wikipedia - History of computing in Romania

Wikipedia - History of computing in the Soviet Union -- Soviet technology

Wikipedia - History of computing

Wikipedia - History of IBM -- Evolution of the American computer company

Wikipedia - History of personal computers

Wikipedia - History of supercomputing

Wikipedia - History of the Internet -- History of the Internet, a global system of interconnected computer networks

Wikipedia - HM-aM-;M-^S Thanh ViM-aM-;M-^Gt -- Vietnamese computer programmer

Wikipedia - Holly Rushmeier -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Homebrew Computer Club -- Computer hobbyist users' group in California

Wikipedia - Home computer -- Class of microcomputers

Wikipedia - Homeworld: Deserts of Kharak -- Real-time strategy computer game

Wikipedia - Homeworld -- 1999 real-time strategy computer game

Wikipedia - Homomorphic encryption -- A form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts

Wikipedia - Honeypot (computing)

Wikipedia - Horizon (IT system) -- Computer system used by Post Office Ltd.

Wikipedia - Hostname -- Label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network

Wikipedia - Host (network) -- computer or other device connected to a computer network

Wikipedia - Hot spot (computer science)

Wikipedia - Howard H. Aiken -- Pioneer in computing, original conceptual designer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I computer

Wikipedia - Howard Schmidt -- American computer security expert

Wikipedia - HP-1000/RTE -- 1966 real-time computer system from HP

Wikipedia - HP Pavilion (computer)

Wikipedia - HP Pavilion -- Line of computers produced by Hewlett-Packard

Wikipedia - HSLuv -- A color space for computer displays

Wikipedia - HTCondor -- High-throughput computing software

Wikipedia - HUD (computing)

Wikipedia - Hugh Darwen -- English academic and writer about computers

Wikipedia - Hughes Dynamics -- American computer firm

Wikipedia - Hugh McGregor Ross -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Hugo Brandt Corstius -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Human-based computation

Wikipedia - Human-based evolutionary computation

Wikipedia - Human Biocomputer

Wikipedia - Human biocomputer

Wikipedia - Human-centered computing (disambiguation)

Wikipedia - Human-Centered Computing

Wikipedia - Human-centered computing

Wikipedia - Human computation

Wikipedia - Human Computer Information Retrieval

Wikipedia - Human Computer Interaction

Wikipedia - Human-Computer Interaction

Wikipedia - Human-computer Interaction

Wikipedia - Human computer interaction

Wikipedia - Humancomputer interaction

Wikipedia - Human-computer interaction -- Academic discipline studying the relationship between computer systems and their users

Wikipedia - Human computer

Wikipedia - Human interface device -- Computer device that takes input from humans and gives output to humans

Wikipedia - Humdinger (computer) -- 8-bit computer introduced in 1983

Wikipedia - Hybrid computer

Wikipedia - Hymn (software) -- Computer software

Wikipedia - HyperCard -- Hypermedia system for Apple Macintosh and Apple IIGS computers

Wikipedia - Hypercomputation

Wikipedia - Hypercomputer

Wikipedia - Hypot -- Computationally safe computer function to calculate the hypotenuse of a right triangle

Wikipedia - Iamus (computer)

Wikipedia - Ian Clarke (computer scientist) -- Irish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ian McPhee (computer scientist) -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ian Munro (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Ian Murdock -- American computer scientist, open source developer, entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Ian Sommerville (technician) -- British electronics technician and computer programmer

Wikipedia - IAS machine -- First electronic computer to be built at the Institute for Advanced Study

Wikipedia - IBM 1130 -- 16-bit IBM minicomputer introduced in 1965

Wikipedia - IBM 1132 -- Line printer, part of the IBM 1130 computer system

Wikipedia - IBM 1620 -- IBM scientific computer released in 1959

Wikipedia - IBM 305 RAMAC -- IBM computer released in 1956, notable as first commercially available computer system to include a hard disk drive

Wikipedia - IBM 308X -- Series of IBM mainframe computer models from 1980s

Wikipedia - IBM 3090 -- Series of high-end 1980s IBM mainframe computers

Wikipedia - IBM 610 -- Vacuum tube computer system

Wikipedia - IBM 650 -- Vacuum tube computer system

Wikipedia - IBM 700/7000 series -- Mainframe computer systems made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s

Wikipedia - IBM 702 -- Vacuum tube computer system

Wikipedia - IBM 7030 Stretch -- First IBM supercomputer using dedicated transistors

Wikipedia - IBM 704 -- Vacuum tube computer system

Wikipedia - IBM 7070 -- Decimal computer introduced by IBM in 1958

Wikipedia - IBM 709 -- vacuum tube computer system

Wikipedia - IBM 728 -- Magnetic tape drive used on the SAGE AN/FSQ-7 computer

Wikipedia - IBM 7302 -- Computer storage unit

Wikipedia - IBM 7950 Harvest -- Cryptanalysis computer

Wikipedia - IBM 801 -- Experimental minicomputer by IBM

Wikipedia - IBM Advanced/36 -- midrange computer

Wikipedia - IBM Aptiva -- Line of personal computers developed and commercialized by IBM

Wikipedia - IBM cloud computing

Wikipedia - IBM eFUSE -- Technology to reprogram computer chips.

Wikipedia - IBML -- American computer software company

Wikipedia - IBM mainframe -- Large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952

Wikipedia - IBM PC compatible -- Computers similar to the IBM PC and its derivatives

Wikipedia - IBM Personal Computer AT

Wikipedia - IBM Personal Computer/AT

Wikipedia - IBM Personal Computer -- Personal computer model released in 1981

Wikipedia - IBM Personal Computer XT

Wikipedia - IBM Personal System/2 -- Third generation of personal computers by IBM

Wikipedia - IBM Portable Personal Computer

Wikipedia - IBM PS/1 -- IBM home computer models, 1990-1994

Wikipedia - IBM Series/1 -- 1970s era IBM minicomputer

Wikipedia - IBM Shoebox -- 1961 speech recognition computer

Wikipedia - IBM System/32 -- Type of mini computer

Wikipedia - IBM System/360 Model 195 -- Discontinued mainframe computer system

Wikipedia - IBM System/360 -- Mainframe computer system family delivered between 1965 and 1978

Wikipedia - IBM System/370 Model 168 -- Discontinued mainframe computer system

Wikipedia - IBM System/370 -- Family of mainframe computers 1970-1990

Wikipedia - IBM System/390 -- Line of mainframe computers

Wikipedia - IBM System z9 -- Line of mainframe computers

Wikipedia - IBM ThinkPad Butterfly keyboard -- Foldout laptop computer keyboard

Wikipedia - IBM Z -- Family name used by IBM for its non-POWER mainframe computers from the Z900 on

Wikipedia - IBook -- Series of laptops by Apple Computer

Wikipedia - Ice Age: Collision Course -- 2016 American computer-animated science-fiction comedy film

Wikipedia - Icon (computing)

Wikipedia - Identifier (computer languages)

Wikipedia - IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

Wikipedia - IEEE Annals of the History of Computing -- Academic journal

Wikipedia - IEEE Computational Intelligence Society

Wikipedia - IEEE Computer Pioneer Award

Wikipedia - IEEE Computer Society Press

Wikipedia - IEEE Computer Society

Wikipedia - IEEE Computer

Wikipedia - IEEE Internet Computing

Wikipedia - IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award

Wikipedia - IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science

Wikipedia - IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science

Wikipedia - IEEE Transactions on Computers

Wikipedia - IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing

Wikipedia - IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation

Wikipedia - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

Wikipedia - IEEE Xplore -- Research database focused on computer science, electrical engineering, electronics, and allied fields

Wikipedia - IJCAI Computers and Thought Award

Wikipedia - Ike Nassi -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ileana Streinu -- Romanian-American computer scientist and mathematician

Wikipedia - Ilkay Altintas -- Turkish-American data and computer scientist

Wikipedia - ILLIAC IV -- First massively parallel computer

Wikipedia - ILLIAC I -- Vacuum tube computer built in 1952 by the University of Illinois

Wikipedia - ILLIAC -- Series of supercomputers built between 1951 and 1974

Wikipedia - Illustris project -- Computer-simulated universes

Wikipedia - ILOVEYOU -- Computer worm

Wikipedia - IMac G3 -- An all-in-one personal computer by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - IMac G4 -- All-in-one personal computer designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc.

Wikipedia - IMac (Intel-based) -- Line of all-in-one desktop computers by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - IMac Pro -- All-in-one desktop computer designed and built by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - IMac -- Line of all-in-one desktop computers by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - Immediate mode (computer graphics)

Wikipedia - Immunocomputing

Wikipedia - IMPACT (computer graphics)

Wikipedia - Imperialist competitive algorithm -- Computational method used to solve optimization problems of different types

Wikipedia - Important publications in computability

Wikipedia - Importer (computing) -- Video game development tool

Wikipedia - Include directive -- Type of file in computer programming

Wikipedia - Incredibles 2 -- 2018 American computer-animated superhero film

Wikipedia - Indeterminacy in concurrent computation

Wikipedia - Index of computing articles -- Wikipedia index

Wikipedia - Indian Computer Emergency Response Team

Wikipedia - Indicator of compromise -- Artifact observed on a network or in an operating system that indicates a computer intrusion

Wikipedia - Individual Computers Catweasel

Wikipedia - Individual Computers

Wikipedia - Industrial computed tomography -- Computer-aided tomographic process

Wikipedia - InfiniBand -- High-speed, low-latency computer networking bus used in supercomputing

Wikipedia - Infinite Flight -- 2011 flight simulator computer program

Wikipedia - Influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market

Wikipedia - Informatics -- Concept in computer science

Wikipedia - Information and Computation

Wikipedia - Information and Computer Science

Wikipedia - Information and computer science

Wikipedia - Information-Technology Engineers Examination -- Group of Japanese computing examinations

Wikipedia - Information technology -- Computer-based technology

Wikipedia - Ingo Wegener -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ingrid Verbauwhede -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Inheritance (computer science)

Wikipedia - INK (operating system) -- Operating system that runs on the input output nodes of the IBM Blue Gene supercomputer

Wikipedia - Input (computer science)

Wikipedia - Insert key -- Computer keyboard key

Wikipedia - Installation (computer programs) -- Act of making a computer program ready for execution

Wikipedia - Instance (computer science) -- Concrete manifestation of an object (class) in software development

Wikipedia - Instart -- Defunct American multinational computer technology corporation

Wikipedia - Institute for Computational and Experimental Research in Mathematics -- Research institute at Brown University

Wikipedia - Institute for Theoretical Computer Science

Wikipedia - Institute of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Wikipedia - Institution (computer science)

Wikipedia - Instruction (computer science)

Wikipedia - Instruction (computing)

Wikipedia - Instruction set architecture -- Set of abstract symbols which describe a computer program's operations to a processor

Wikipedia - Instrumentation (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Integer BASIC -- BASIC interpreter of the Apple I and original Apple II computers

Wikipedia - Integer (computer science) -- Datum of integral data type

Wikipedia - Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing

Wikipedia - Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Wikipedia - Intel Compute Stick

Wikipedia - Interactive computation

Wikipedia - Interactive computer graphics

Wikipedia - Interactive computing

Wikipedia - Interactive evolutionary computation

Wikipedia - Interactive kiosk -- Computer terminal that provides access to information, communication, commerce, etc.

Wikipedia - Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation

Wikipedia - Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling -- Supercomputing and research data centre

Wikipedia - Interface (computer science)

Wikipedia - Interface (computing) -- Concept of computer science; point of interaction between two things

Wikipedia - Intergalactic Computer Network

Wikipedia - Interleaved memory -- Computer memory access architecture

Wikipedia - International Association for Computing and Philosophy

Wikipedia - International Committee on Computational Linguistics

Wikipedia - International Computer Music Association

Wikipedia - International Computers and Tabulators

Wikipedia - International Computer Science Institute

Wikipedia - International Computers Limited -- British computer company (1968-2002)

Wikipedia - International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

Wikipedia - International Conference on Computer Communications

Wikipedia - International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

Wikipedia - International Conference on Computer Vision

Wikipedia - International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks -- Computer networking conference

Wikipedia - International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems

Wikipedia - International Conference on High Performance Computing

Wikipedia - International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

Wikipedia - International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology -- Journal

Wikipedia - International Journal of Computational Geometry and Applications

Wikipedia - International Journal of Computer Vision

Wikipedia - International Journal of Creative Computing

Wikipedia - International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science

Wikipedia - International Obfuscated C Code Contest -- Computer programming contest

Wikipedia - International Paderborn Computer Chess Championship

Wikipedia - International Society for Computational Biology Student Council

Wikipedia - International Society for Computational Biology

Wikipedia - International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation, and Engineering

Wikipedia - International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation

Wikipedia - International Symposium on Computer Architecture

Wikipedia - International Symposium on Distributed Computing

Wikipedia - International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory

Wikipedia - International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation

Wikipedia - Internet culture -- Culture that has emerged from the use of computer networks

Wikipedia - Internet Protocol television -- Television transmitted over a computer network

Wikipedia - Internet Protocol -- Communication protocol that establishes the Internet across computer network boundaries

Wikipedia - Internet security -- Branch of computer security specifically related to Internet, often involving browser security and the World Wide Web

Wikipedia - Internet -- Global system of connected computer networks

Wikipedia - Interpreter (computer software)

Wikipedia - Interpreter (computing)

Wikipedia - Interpreter directive -- Computer language construct to control an interpreter

Wikipedia - Interprocedural optimization -- Computer program optimization method

Wikipedia - Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation

Wikipedia - Introduction to the Theory of Computation

Wikipedia - Introspection (computer science)

Wikipedia - Invariant (computer science)

Wikipedia - In-vivo computing

Wikipedia - IPad (1st generation) -- The line of tablet computers designed by Apple, Inc.

Wikipedia - IPad (2017) -- Mid-range tablet computer produced by Apple

Wikipedia - IPad (2018) -- Tablet computer developed and marketed by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - IPad (2019) -- Tablet computer developed and marketed by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - IPad (2020) -- Tablet computer developed and marketed by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - IPad (3rd generation) -- Series of tablet computers

Wikipedia - IPad Air 2 -- Series of tablet computers

Wikipedia - IP address management -- Methodology implemented in computer software for planning and managing assignment and use of IP addresses and closely related resources of a computer network

Wikipedia - IPad Mini -- Line of mini tablet computers from Apple Inc

Wikipedia - IPad Pro -- Line of iPad tablet computers by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - IPad -- Line of tablet computers by Apple

Wikipedia - IPv6 address -- Label to identify a network interface of a computer or other network node

Wikipedia - Irene Greif -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Irma Wyman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Iryna Gurevych -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - IS-IS -- Computer network routing protocol

Wikipedia - ISmell -- Computer accessory

Wikipedia - ISO/IEEE 11073 -- Standard on communication between medical devices and external computer systems

Wikipedia - Iterator -- In computing, an object that enables a programmer to traverse a container, particularly lists

Wikipedia - Itsy Pocket Computer

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Wikipedia - Ivet Bahar -- Computational Biologist

Wikipedia - IWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It

Wikipedia - IWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It

Wikipedia - Ixia (company) -- US computer networking company

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Wikipedia - Jack Dorsey -- American internet computer software executive and CEO of Twitter and Square

Wikipedia - Jack Edmonds -- American/Canadian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jacob Abraham -- American computer scientist and engineer

Wikipedia - Jacob Appelbaum -- American computer security researcher and journalist (born 1 April 1983)

Wikipedia - Jacquelyn S. Fetrow -- American computational biologist (born 1960)

Wikipedia - Jacques Cohen (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Jacques Vallee -- Computer scientist, ufologist

Wikipedia - Jade Wang -- American computer programmer and neuroscientist

Wikipedia - Jaggies -- Computer graphics effect

Wikipedia - Jaguar (supercomputer)

Wikipedia - Jaguar supercomputer

Wikipedia - Jaime Carbonell -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks -- Irish computer-animated children's television series

Wikipedia - J. Alan George -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - James Alty -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - James Clavell's ShM-EM-^Mgun -- 1989 interactive fiction computer game

Wikipedia - James Cordy -- Canadian computer scientist and educator

Wikipedia - James Dolan (computer security expert) -- American computer security expert, co-developed SecureDrop

Wikipedia - James D. Sachs -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - James Gosling -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - James H. Davenport -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - James H. Wilkinson Prize in Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing

Wikipedia - James Mickens -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - James P. Clements -- American computer scientist and academic administrator

Wikipedia - James Whelton -- Irish software developer and computing club promoter

Wikipedia - Jamila Abbas -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jana KoM-EM-!ecka -- Slovak computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jane Grimson -- Computer engineer

Wikipedia - JANET -- Academic computer network in the United Kingdom

Wikipedia - Jan Friso Groote -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Janice E. Cuny -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Janice Lourie -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Janine Shertzer -- American computational physicist

Wikipedia - Jan Peters (computer scientist) -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jan Verelst (scientist) -- Belgian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jan Wielemaker -- Dutch computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Jan WM-DM-^Yglarz -- Polish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Japanese input method -- Methods used to input Japanese characters on a computer

Wikipedia - Jarkko Oikarinen -- Finnish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jaron Lanier -- American computer scientist, musician, and author

Wikipedia - Jason Spisak -- American voice actor and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Java Access Bridge -- Component of the Java computing software platform

Wikipedia - Java Platform, Standard Edition -- Computing software platform

Wikipedia - JAWS (screen reader) -- Computer screen reader software

Wikipedia - Jayme Luiz Szwarcfiter -- Brazilian computer scientist

Wikipedia - J. C. R. Licklider -- American psychologist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jean Bacon -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jean Bartik -- American ENIAC computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jean-Bernard Condat -- Computer hacker

Wikipedia - Jean Dollimore -- English computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jean E. Sammet -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jean Gallier -- computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jean-loup Gailly -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jeanne Clare Adams -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jeanne Ferrante -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jeannette Wing -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jeanne W. Ross -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jean-Raymond Abrial -- French computer scientist and inventor

Wikipedia - Jean Scholtz -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jeff Dean (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist and software engineer

Wikipedia - Jeff Prosise -- Computer writer

Wikipedia - Jeffrey Heer -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jeffrey Shallit -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jeffrey Vetter -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jeff Sutherland -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jelani Nelson -- American Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - Jen Golbeck -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jenifer Haselgrove -- British physicist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jennifer Li (neuroscientist) -- Computational neuroscience researcher

Wikipedia - Jennifer Mankoff -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jennifer Rexford -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jennifer Seberry -- Australian cryptographer, mathematician, and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jennifer Tour Chayes -- American computer scientist and mathematician

Wikipedia - Jennifer Widom -- University professor in Computer Science

Wikipedia - Jenny Preece -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jenny's Journeys -- Educational Computer Game

Wikipedia - Jeremie Miller -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jeremy Ashkenas -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jeremy Gibbons -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jerome R. Cox, Jr. -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jeromy Carriere -- Canadian computer software engineer

Wikipedia - Jerry L. Prince -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jerry Saltzer -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jerry Yang -- computer programmer and Founder of Yahoo!

Wikipedia - Jerusalem (computer virus)

Wikipedia - Jesse Vincent -- Businessperson and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jessica Hammer -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jessica Hodgins -- American roboticist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jessica Mink -- American astronomer and theoretical computing

Wikipedia - Jessica Staddon -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jetty Kleijn -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jiebo Luo -- Chinese-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jill Slay -- British-Australian engineer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jill Zimmerman -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jim Brown (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Jim Davies (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Jim Ellis (computing) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jim Gettys -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jim Gray (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Jim Hall (computer programmer) -- American programmer and FreeDOS founder

Wikipedia - Jim Kent -- American research scientist and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius -- 2001 computer-animated film by John A. Davis

Wikipedia - Jim Waldo -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jim Weirich -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jim Woodcock -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jing-Pha Tsai -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jit Bose -- Canadian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jiuzhang (quantum computer)

Wikipedia - J. J. Stiffler -- American electrical engineer, computer scientist and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - JJ Zhuang -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Joan Ball -- Computer dating pioneer

Wikipedia - Joan Francioni -- American Professor of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Joan L. Mitchell -- American computer scientist and inventor

Wikipedia - Joanna Hoffman -- American computer developer

Wikipedia - Joanna McGrenere -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joanna Rutkowska -- Polish hacker and computer security expert

Wikipedia - Job (computing)

Wikipedia - Job control (computing)

Wikipedia - Jochen Liedtke -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joe Armstrong (programmer) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joel McCormack -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joel Moses -- Computer scientist (b. 1941)

Wikipedia - Joe Stoy -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Johan HM-CM-%stad -- Swedish computer scientist

Wikipedia - John A. Postley -- American computer software entrepreneur

Wikipedia - John Barnes (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John Carmack -- American computer programmer, engineer, and businessman

Wikipedia - John Cocke -- American computer scientist and mathematician

Wikipedia - John E. Savage -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - John F. Hughes (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John Fitzgerald (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John Gage -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - John Harris (software developer) -- Computer programmer, hacker and software developer

Wikipedia - John Hughes (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John Knoll -- American computer graphics professional

Wikipedia - John Langford (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John L. Hennessy -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - John Lilly (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John Maeda -- American artist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - John Makepeace Bennett -- Australian computer scientist

Wikipedia - John Mashey -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - John Mathieson (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John McAfee -- American computer programmer and businessman

Wikipedia - John McCarthy (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist and cognitive scientist

Wikipedia - John Miller-Kirkpatrick -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - John M. Scholes (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John Murphy (engineer) -- American inventor and computer engineer

Wikipedia - JOHNNIAC -- Early computer built by the RAND Corporation

Wikipedia - Johnny Long -- American computer security expert

Wikipedia - John Pinkerton (computer designer)

Wikipedia - John Platt (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John R. Rice (computer scientist) -- American mathematician

Wikipedia - John Todd (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - John Vincent Atanasoff -- American computer pioneer (1903-1995)

Wikipedia - John von Neumann Computer Society

Wikipedia - John Walker (journalist) -- British computer games journalist

Wikipedia - John Warnock -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Johny Srouji -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joins (concurrency library) -- Asynchronous concurrent computing API for .NET

Wikipedia - Joint Computer Conference

Wikipedia - JoM-CM-+lle Coutaz -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - JoM-CM-+lle Pineau -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jonathan Alexander (computer programmer) -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jonathan Bowen -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jonathan Katz (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Jonathan Potter (computer programmer)

Wikipedia - Jonathan Shewchuk -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jonathan Zarra -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Jon Bentley (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jon Callas -- American computer security expert

Wikipedia - Jon Crowcroft -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jon Hare -- English computer game designer

Wikipedia - Joost-Pieter Katoen -- Dutch theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jordan Antiquities Database and Information System -- Computer database of antiquities in Jordan

Wikipedia - Joseph A. Konstan -- American professor and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joseph Goguen -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joseph Henry Condon -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joseph Henry Wegstein -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Josep Torrellas -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Josh Gare -- English computer programmer

Wikipedia - Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics -- Quarterly peer-reviewed journal covering nonlinear dynamics

Wikipedia - Journal of Computational Biology

Wikipedia - Journal of Computational Geometry

Wikipedia - Journal of Computer and System Sciences

Wikipedia - Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography -- Bimonthly peer-reviewed journal

Wikipedia - Journal of Logic and Computation

Wikipedia - Journal of Symbolic Computation

Wikipedia - Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery

Wikipedia - Journal of Universal Computer Science

Wikipedia - Joy Buolamwini -- American computer scientist and digital activist

Wikipedia - Joyce Currie Little -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Joy's law (computing)

Wikipedia - J. Presper Eckert -- American electrical engineer and computer pioneer

Wikipedia - J. Todd Coleman -- American computer game designer

Wikipedia - Juan Benet (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Juan Pavon -- Spanish computer scientist (b.1962)

Wikipedia - Judit Bar-Ilan -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Judith Blake (scientist) -- Computational biologist

Wikipedia - Judith Donath -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Judith Gal-Ezer -- Israeli computer science professor

Wikipedia - Judith S. Olson -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Judy Clapp -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Judy Goldsmith (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Julia Chuzhoy -- Israeli mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Julia Hirschberg -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Julia Kempe -- French, German, and Israeli researcher in quantum computing

Wikipedia - Julia Schnabel -- Computer imaging researcher

Wikipedia - Julie Dorsey -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Julie Zhuo -- Chinese-American businessperson and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Jumper (computing)

Wikipedia - Jump server -- A computer on a network used to access a separate security zone

Wikipedia - Jungle computing -- Form of high performance computing that distributes computational work across cluster, grid and cloud computing

Wikipedia - Juraj HromkoviM-DM-^M -- Slovak computer scientist

Wikipedia - Justine Cassell -- American linguist, professor and human-computer interaction researcher

Wikipedia - Justin Frankel -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Kaavo -- Cloud computing management company

Wikipedia - Kai-Christian Bruhn -- German computational archaeologist (b. 1970)

Wikipedia - Kai Krause -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kai Paulsen -- Norwegian journalist, photographer, and computer collector

Wikipedia - Kaisa Sere -- Finnish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kanaka Rajan -- Indian-American computational neuroscientist

Wikipedia - Kanchana Kanchanasut -- Computer scientist and Internet pioneer

Wikipedia - Kane quantum computer

Wikipedia - Kapali Eswaran -- Computer developer

Wikipedia - Karen Banks -- British computer networking pioneer

Wikipedia - Karen Devine -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Karen Holtzblatt -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Karen Petrie -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Karen SpM-CM-$rck Jones -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Karen Willcox -- Aerospace engineer and computational scientist

Wikipedia - Karin Schnass -- Austrian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Karrie Karahalios -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Karyn Moffat -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kasia Glowicka -- Polish computer music composer (born 1977)

Wikipedia - Kate Devlin -- British computer scientist, AI specialist

Wikipedia - Kate Keahey -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist) -- Ukrainian Soviet and Ukrainian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Katherine St. John -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Katherine Yelick -- American computer scientist and academic

Wikipedia - Kathleen Antonelli -- Irish-American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Kathleen Booth -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kathleen Fisher -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kathleen McKeown -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kathleen Nichols -- American computer scientist and computer networking researcher

Wikipedia - Kathrin Klamroth -- German mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kathryn Leonard -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kathryn S. McKinley -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Katia Sycara -- Greek-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Katie Bouman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Katie Moussouris -- American computer security researcher, entrepreneur, and pioneer in vulnerability disclosure

Wikipedia - Katja Hose -- Danish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Katrina Ligett -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kavita Bala -- Indian computer scientist and academic

Wikipedia - Kawasaki's Riemann-Roch formula -- Computes the Euler characteristic of an orbifold

Wikipedia - K Computer Mae Station -- Railway station in Kobe, Japan

Wikipedia - K computer -- Supercomputer in Kobe, Japan

Wikipedia - KeePass -- Computer password management utility

Wikipedia - Kees van Hee -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Keith Clark (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Kelton Flinn -- American computer game designer

Wikipedia - Ken Arnold -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Ken Hinckley -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ken Kennedy (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Kenneth A De Jong -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kenneth Bowles -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kenneth L. Clarkson -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ken Olsen -- American computer engineer and businessman

Wikipedia - Ken Schwaber -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ken Thompson (computer programmer)

Wikipedia - Ken Thompson -- American computer scientist, creator of the Unix operating system

Wikipedia - Kerberos (protocol) -- Computer authentication protocol

Wikipedia - Kernel (computer science)

Wikipedia - Kernel (computing)

Wikipedia - Kernel (operating system) -- Core of a computer operating system

Wikipedia - Kerrie Holley -- American research computer scientist (born 1954)

Wikipedia - Kevin Lano -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kevin Lynch (computing) -- American software developer

Wikipedia - Kevin Mitnick -- American computer security consultant, author, convicted criminal, and hacker

Wikipedia - Kevin Scott (computer scientist) -- Chief Technology Officer at Microsoft

Wikipedia - Keyboard (computing)

Wikipedia - Keyboard layout -- Any specific physical, visual, or functional arrangement of the keys of a computer keyboard

Wikipedia - Keyword (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Killer Bean Forever -- 2009 American computer-animated action film by Jeff Lew

Wikipedia - Kimber Lockhart -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kimberly Keeton -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kim Binsted -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kim Cameron (computer scientist) -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kim Rees -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kingston Technology -- American multinational computer technology company

Wikipedia - King-Sun Fu -- computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kira Radinsky -- Israelien computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kit Clayton -- American musician and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Kiwi! -- 2006 computer-generated animation

Wikipedia - Klaus Pohl (computer scientist) -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - K. Mani Chandy -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Knowledge-based systems -- Computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems

Wikipedia - KoalaPad -- 1980s computer graphics tablet

Wikipedia - Kobbi Nissim -- computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kohsuke Kawaguchi -- Jenkins creator and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Konrad Berkowicz -- Polish politician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Konrad Zuse -- 20th-century German computer scientist and engineer

Wikipedia - Kori Inkpen -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Krishnendu Chatterjee -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kristen Grauman -- Computer vision and machine learning researcher

Wikipedia - Kristen Nygaard -- Computer scientist, mathematician

Wikipedia - Kristian Kersting -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kristina Hook -- Swedish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kronos (computer)

Wikipedia - Kunihiko Fukushima -- Japanese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kurt Akeley -- American computer graphics engineer

Wikipedia - Kurt Jensen (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - KVM switch -- Device that connects computer front-end hardware to multiple computers

Wikipedia - Kwan-Liu Ma -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Kyle Milliken -- American computer hacker and security consultant

Wikipedia - Label (computer science)

Wikipedia - Laboratory for Computer Science

Wikipedia - Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science

Wikipedia - LaFarr Stuart -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - LA Law: The Computer Game -- 1992 video game

Wikipedia - Lale Akarun -- Turkish electrical engineer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lamport timestamp -- Algorithm used to determine the order of events in a distributed computer system

Wikipedia - LAN gaming center -- local area network for playing multiplayer computer games

Wikipedia - Language Acquisition Device (computer)

Wikipedia - Language and Computers

Wikipedia - Language Computer Corporation -- Research company

Wikipedia - Language (computer science)

Wikipedia - Lanix -- Mexican computer and phone manufacturer

Wikipedia - Laptop computers

Wikipedia - Laptop computer

Wikipedia - Laptop -- Personal computer for mobile use

Wikipedia - Larry Ewing -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Larry Harris (computer scientist) -- American AI researcher and businessman

Wikipedia - Larry McVoy -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Larry Page -- American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Larry Tesler -- American computer scientist (1945-2020)

Wikipedia - Larry Wall -- American computer programmer and author

Wikipedia - Lars Arge -- Danish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lars Bak (computer programmer) -- Danish computer programmer

Wikipedia - Laser Hawk -- 1986 video game for Atari 8-bit computers

Wikipedia - Latanya Sweeney -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Launch Vehicle Digital Computer -- Computer of the Saturn V rocket

Wikipedia - Laura Boykin -- American computational biologist and botanist

Wikipedia - Laura Gagliardi -- Italian theoretical and computational chemist

Wikipedia - Laura M. Haas -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Laura Waller -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lauren McCarthy -- American artist and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Laurie Hendren -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lawrence J. Fogel -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lawrence M. Breed -- Computer scientist and early Burning Man contributor

Wikipedia - Lawrence Paulson -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lazy loading -- Design pattern in computer programming

Wikipedia - LCFG -- Computer configuration management system

Wikipedia - Leaf subroutine -- Subroutines in computer science

Wikipedia - Leah Culver -- American computer scientist and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Leah Findlater -- Canadian/American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Wikipedia - Leecher (computing) -- One who benefits from others effort, Without giving in return

Wikipedia - Lee Felsenstein -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - Lee Sang-mook -- South Korean marine geologist and computational scientist (born 1962)

Wikipedia - Legacy-free PC -- Type of personal computer

Wikipedia - Legionnaire (video game) -- Real-time tactics strategy computer game from 1982 for Atari computers

Wikipedia - Leila De Floriani -- Italian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Leila Pirhaji -- Iranian computational biologist

Wikipedia - Leila Takayama -- Human-computer interaction specialist

Wikipedia - Lemuel Davis -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Lenore Blum -- American computer scientist and mathematician

Wikipedia - Lenore Cowen -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - LEO (computer)

Wikipedia - LEO computer

Wikipedia - Leonard Adleman -- American theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science and molecular biology at the University of Southern California

Wikipedia - Leonard Shapiro -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Leonid Rudin -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Leon Shklar -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Leslie Benzies -- Scottish computer programmer and businessman

Wikipedia - Leslie Lamport -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Leszek A. GM-DM-^Esieniec -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Level (computer and video games)

Wikipedia - Level of detail (computer graphics) -- Adjusting the complexity of a 3D model representation to save storage and computation

Wikipedia - Levenshtein distance -- Computer science metric for string similarity

Wikipedia - Lexical analysis -- Conversion of character sequences into token sequences in computer science

Wikipedia - Leysia Palen -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - LG G Pad 7.0 -- Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics

Wikipedia - LG G Pad 8.0 -- Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by LG Electronics

Wikipedia - LHC Computing Grid

Wikipedia - Liang-Jie Zhang -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Library (computer science)

Wikipedia - Library (computing) -- Collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development.

Wikipedia - Libratus -- Artificial intelligence poker playing computer program

Wikipedia - LibreCAD -- Computer-aided design software

Wikipedia - Librem -- Computer line by Purism featuring free software

Wikipedia - Li-Chen Wang -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Li Fan (engineer) -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - LIFO (computing)

Wikipedia - Light-front computational methods -- Technique in computational quantum field theory

Wikipedia - Light front quantization -- Technique in computational quantum field theory

Wikipedia - Light pen -- Computer input device

Wikipedia - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Light-weight process -- A means of achieving computer multitasking

Wikipedia - Li Gong (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Li Guojie (computer scientist) -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lila Kari -- Romanian and Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lili Qiu -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lilith (computer)

Wikipedia - Lillian Lee (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Lilya Budaghyan -- Armenian cryptographer, computer scientist

Wikipedia - Limits of computation -- Overview of the limits of computation

Wikipedia - Limits to computation

Wikipedia - Linda Pagli -- Italian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Linear optical quantum computing

Wikipedia - Line break (computing)

Wikipedia - Linker (computing)

Wikipedia - Link-local address -- Computer network address that is only usable on the same local network

Wikipedia - Lisa Anthony -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lisa (computer chip)

Wikipedia - Lisa Gelobter -- Computer scientist, technologist and chief executive

Wikipedia - Lise Getoor -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lisp and Symbolic Computation

Wikipedia - List (abstract data type) -- Abstract data type used in computer science

Wikipedia - List (computer science)

Wikipedia - List (computing)

Wikipedia - List of 3D computer graphics software -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of academic computer science departments -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of books in computational geometry

Wikipedia - List of British computers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of combinatorial computational geometry topics -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of common resolutions -- Computer/TV screen specifications

Wikipedia - List of companies involved in quantum computing or communication -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computability and complexity topics -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computational chemists

Wikipedia - List of computer algebra systems -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer-animated films -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer-animated television series -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer-assisted organic synthesis software -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer books -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer criminals -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer graphics and descriptive geometry topics -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer hardware manufacturers in the Soviet Union -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer hardware manufacturers -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer magazines in Spain -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer magazines -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer museums -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer occupations -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer pioneers

Wikipedia - List of computer-related awards -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer science awards -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer science conference acronyms -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer science conferences -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer science journals -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer scientists -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer security certifications

Wikipedia - List of computer simulation software -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer size categories -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computers running CP/M -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer standards -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Computers With On-Board BASIC

Wikipedia - List of computers with on-board BASIC -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer system emulators -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer system manufacturers -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer systems from Croatia -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer systems from Serbia -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer systems from Slovenia -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer systems from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer technology code names -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer term etymologies -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computer worms -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computing and IT abbreviations -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computing people -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of computing schools in Pakistan -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of convertible tablet computer brands -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of convicted computer criminals

Wikipedia - List of cosmological computation software -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of countries by computer exports -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of distributed computing conferences -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of distributed computing projects -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of early microcomputers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Enix home computer games -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Family Computer Disk System games -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Family Computer games -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of fastest computers -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of fellows of IEEE Computational Intelligence Society

Wikipedia - List of Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery

Wikipedia - List of fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Fellows of the International Society for Computational Biology

Wikipedia - List of fictional computers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of films about computers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Fortune 500 computer software and information companies -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of home computers by video hardware -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of home computers -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of human-computer interaction topics

Wikipedia - List of important publications in computer science -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of important publications in concurrent, parallel, and distributed computing -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of important publications in theoretical computer science -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Indian computer scientists

Wikipedia - List of Jewish American computer scientists -- List

Wikipedia - List of Linux-supported computer architectures

Wikipedia - List of members of the National Academy of Engineering (Computer science)

Wikipedia - List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (Biophysics and computational biology)

Wikipedia - List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (Computer and information sciences)

Wikipedia - List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (computer and information sciences)

Wikipedia - List of MT-32-compatible computer games -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of numerical computational geometry topics -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of open problems in computer science

Wikipedia - List of open-source computing hardware -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of pioneers in computer science -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of presidents of the British Computer Society -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Slovenian computer scientists -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of Soviet computer systems -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of text-based computer games -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of transistorized computers -- Wikimedia list article

Wikipedia - List of TRS-80 and Tandy-branded computers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of unsolved problems in computer science -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of vacuum tube computers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - List of VAX computers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - Lists of computers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - Lists of microcomputers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - Lists of mobile computers -- Wikipedia list article

Wikipedia - Literal (computer programming) -- Notation for representing a fixed value in source code

Wikipedia - Literal (computer science)

Wikipedia - Little Computer 3

Wikipedia - Little man computer

Wikipedia - Liuba Shrira -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Liu Jiren -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Liu Zhiming (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Livescribe -- Computing platform

Wikipedia - Living Computer Museum

Wikipedia - Living Computers: Museum + Labs

Wikipedia - Li Wei (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Lixia Zhang -- Professor of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Liz Bacon -- Professor of computer science

Wikipedia - Liz Liddy -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Load balancing (computing) -- Set of techniques to improve the distribution of workloads across multiple computing resources

Wikipedia - Load (computing)

Wikipedia - Loader (computing)

Wikipedia - Local area network -- Computer network that connects devices over a limited area

Wikipedia - Locale (computer hardware)

Wikipedia - Locale (computer software) -- Standard UNIX utility

Wikipedia - Location-based service -- General class of computer program-level services that use location data to control features

Wikipedia - Lock (computer science)

Wikipedia - Lock screen -- Computer user interface element

Wikipedia - Lockstep (computing)

Wikipedia - Log file -- Chronological record of computer data processing operations

Wikipedia - Logical Methods in Computer Science

Wikipedia - Logic for Computable Functions

Wikipedia - Logic gate -- Computational equipment, physical or theoretical, that performs a boolean logic function

Wikipedia - Logic in computer science -- Academic discipline

Wikipedia - Logic Theorist -- 1956 computer program written by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon and Cliff Shaw

Wikipedia - Login -- process by which individual access to a computer system is controlled by identifying and authenticating the user through the credentials presented by the user

Wikipedia - Logo (programming language) -- Computer programming language

Wikipedia - Log rotation -- Aspect of computer systems management

Wikipedia - Lois Haibt -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lola (computing)

Wikipedia - Loop (computing)

Wikipedia - Lora Aroyo -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Loren Carpenter -- American computer graphics researcher

Wikipedia - Lori A. Clarke -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lori L. Pollock -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lorinda Cherry -- Computer scientist and original Unix team member

Wikipedia - Lorraine Borman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Loss-DiVincenzo quantum computer

Wikipedia - Lotfi A. Zadeh -- Electrical engineer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Louiqa Raschid -- Sri Lankan computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lourdes Agapito -- Professor and researcher in computer 3D-vision

Wikipedia - Love Thru the Computer -- 2019 single by Gucci Mane featuring Justin Bieber

Wikipedia - Lov Grover -- Indian-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lowest common denominator (computers)

Wikipedia - LPDDR -- Computer hardware

Wikipedia - Lsh -- Remote shell services or command execution for secure network services between two networked computers

Wikipedia - Lucas Cruz -- Spanish computer engineer

Wikipedia - Luck (2022 film) -- Upcoming American computer-animated comedy film

Wikipedia - Lucy Gilbert -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Ludvig Strigeus -- Swedish computer programmer

Wikipedia - Luis Villa -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Luis von Ahn -- Guatemalan entrepreneur and computer scientist

Wikipedia - LWN.net -- Computing webzine with an emphasis on Unix-like operating systems

Wikipedia - Lydia Kavraki -- Greek computer scientist

Wikipedia - Lynn Abbey -- American computer programmer and author

Wikipedia - Lynn Conway -- American computer scientist and electrical engineer

Wikipedia - M4 (computer language)

Wikipedia - Mabel Addis -- First woman computer games designer

Wikipedia - MacBook (2006-2012) -- Line of notebook computers by Apple

Wikipedia - MacBook (2015-2019) -- Discontinued line of portable Apple computers

Wikipedia - MacBook -- Lines of Apple laptop computers

Wikipedia - MacCormack method -- Equation in computational fluid dynamics

Wikipedia - MACD operations -- Computer network terminology

Wikipedia - Machine code -- Set of instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU)

Wikipedia - Machine learning -- Scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform tasks without explicit instructions

Wikipedia - Machine-readable dictionary -- Dictionary stored as machine (computer) data

Wikipedia - Machinima -- Use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production

Wikipedia - Macintosh Classic -- Brand of personal computers

Wikipedia - Macintosh computers

Wikipedia - Macintosh IIfx -- Personal computer by Apple

Wikipedia - Macintosh IIvi -- Personal computer by Apple

Wikipedia - Macintosh IIvx -- Personal computer by Apple

Wikipedia - Macintosh LC -- Personal computer by Apple

Wikipedia - Macintosh Office -- Apple's effort to bring Macintosh computers into business environments

Wikipedia - Macintosh operating systems -- Family of operating systems for Macintosh computers

Wikipedia - Macintosh Performa -- Family of personal computers by Apple

Wikipedia - Macintosh Portable -- First battery-powered portable computer by Apple

Wikipedia - Macintosh startup -- Startup sequence for Macintosh computers

Wikipedia - Macintosh -- Family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - Mac Mini -- Desktop computer by Apple

Wikipedia - Mac Pro -- Line of workstation and server computers for professionals

Wikipedia - Macro (computer science) -- In computer science, a concise representation of a pattern

Wikipedia - Macro virus (computing)

Wikipedia - Macro virus -- Computer virus written in a macro language

Wikipedia - Mac transition to Intel processors -- 2005-2006 transition of Apple Inc.'s Mac computers from PowerPC to Intel x86 processors

Wikipedia - Macworld -- Web site and monthly computer magazine dedicated to products and software from Apple

Wikipedia - Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa -- 2008 American computer-animated comedy film

Wikipedia - Madagascar (franchise) -- Computer-animated media franchise produced by DreamWorks Animation

Wikipedia - Mads Tofte -- Danish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Magdalena Balazinska -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Magdolna Zimanyi -- Hungarian mathematician, computer scientist

Wikipedia - Magerit -- Supercomputer in Madrid, Spain

Wikipedia - Maggie Cheng -- Applied mathematician, computer scientist, and network scientist

Wikipedia - Magic Mouse 2 -- Computer mouse developed and released by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - Magic state distillation -- Quantum computing algorithm

Wikipedia - Magic: The Gathering (1997 video game) -- Computer game published by MicroProse

Wikipedia - Magma (computer algebra system)

Wikipedia - Magnetic-core memory -- A type of computer memory used from 1955 to 1975

Wikipedia - Magnetoresistive RAM -- Novel type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Magnuson Computer Systems

Wikipedia - Mahsa Mohaghegh -- Iranian-born New Zealand computer engineer

Wikipedia - Mahta Moghaddam -- Iranian-American electrical and computer engineer

Wikipedia - Mainframe computers

Wikipedia - Mainframe computer -- Computers used primarily by large organizations for business-critical applications

Wikipedia - Mainframe Studios -- Canadian computer animation company

Wikipedia - Maja Mataric -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maksim Yakubets -- Ukrainian national and a computer expert

Wikipedia - Malaysian National Computer Confederation

Wikipedia - Manchester Baby -- First electronic stored-program computer, 1948

Wikipedia - Manchester computers -- Series of stored-program electronic computers

Wikipedia - Manchester Electronic Computer

Wikipedia - Manchester Mark 1 -- English stored-program computer, 1949

Wikipedia - Man-Computer Symbiosis

Wikipedia - Mandy Chessell -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - MANIAC I -- Early computer

Wikipedia - Manik Varma (computer scientist) -- An Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Manila Christian Computer Institute for the Deaf -- Christian Institute for the Deaf

Wikipedia - Manny Lehman (computer scientist) -- Known for Lehman's laws of software evolution

Wikipedia - Manuela M. Veloso -- Portuguese-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Manuel Blum -- Venezuelan computer scientist

Wikipedia - Many-task computing

Wikipedia - Map (computer science)

Wikipedia - Maple computer algebra system

Wikipedia - Marc Auslander -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marcel Kolaja -- Czech computer specialist, activist and politician

Wikipedia - Marching cubes -- Computer graphics algorithm

Wikipedia - Marc van Kreveld -- Dutch computational geometer

Wikipedia - Margaret Burnett -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Margaret Helen Harper -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Margaret H. Wright -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Margaret Marrs -- English computer programmer

Wikipedia - Margaret Martonosi -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Margaret Ross (academic) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Margarita Chli -- Greek computer vision and robotics researcher

Wikipedia - Margolus-Levitin theorem -- Theorem which gives a fundamental limit on quantum computation

Wikipedia - Margo Seltzer -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maria-Florina Balcan -- Romanian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maria Klawe -- Canadian-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maria L. Gini -- Italian and American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mariana Weissmann -- Argentinian physicist, specialized in computational physics

Wikipedia - Mariangiola Dezani-Ciancaglini -- Italian logician and theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marian Petre -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maria Orlowska -- Polish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maria von Wedemeyer -- German theologian and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marie-Claude Gaudel -- French mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marie desJardins -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marie-Francine Moens -- Belgian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marie-Paule Cani -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marilyn Tremaine -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marjorie Devaney -- American mathematician, electrical engineer, and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mark Braverman (mathematician) -- Israeli mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mark Canepa -- American computer technology executive

Wikipedia - Mark Dean (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Mark de Berg -- Dutch computational geometer

Wikipedia - Mark Delany -- Australian computer programmer

Wikipedia - Mark d'Inverno -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mark Handley (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Mark Harman (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Mark Harris (programmer) -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Mark Kilgard -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Mark Kryder -- American computer engineer

Wikipedia - Marko Calasan -- Macedonian computer systems prodigy

Wikipedia - Mark Overmars -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mark Pilgrim -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Mark Randel -- American computer game designer

Wikipedia - Mark Spencer (computer engineer) -- Computer engineer

Wikipedia - Marlene Hazle -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marsha Berger -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marshalling (computer science)

Wikipedia - Marshall Kirk McKusick -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marta Filizola -- Computational biophysicist

Wikipedia - Martha E. Pollack -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Martha Evens -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Martha Palmer -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Marti Hearst -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Martine Kempf -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Martin L. Kersten -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Martin Newell (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Martin Richards (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Martin Roesch -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Marvin Stein (computer scientist) -- Jewish American mathematician

Wikipedia - Mary Allen Wilkes -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mary Ann Horton -- American computer scientist and Usenet pioneer (born 1955)

Wikipedia - Mary Beth Rosson -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mary Edwards (human computer) -- British mathematician and astronomer

Wikipedia - Mary Fernandez -- American computer scientist and activist

Wikipedia - Mary Gardiner -- Australian computer scientist and activist

Wikipedia - Mary Jane Irwin -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mary Jean Harrold -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mary Kenneth Keller -- First American woman to receive a PhD in computer science

Wikipedia - Mary K. Hawes -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mary Lee Woods -- British mathematician and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Mary Lou Soffa -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mary Shaw (computer scientist) -- American software engineer

Wikipedia - Marzyeh Ghassemi -- Canada-based researcher in the field of computational medicine

Wikipedia - Masaru Kitsuregawa -- Japanese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mask (computing)

Wikipedia - Massachusetts Computer Associates

Wikipedia - Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center

Wikipedia - Massively parallel (computing)

Wikipedia - Massively parallel computing

Wikipedia - Master of Computer Applications

Wikipedia - Matchbox Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine -- Analogue computer made of matchboxes

Wikipedia - Mateo Valero -- Spanish computer architect (born 1952)

Wikipedia - Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Mathematical model of computation

Wikipedia - Mathematics of Computation

Wikipedia - Mathew Bevan -- British computer hacker

Wikipedia - Mathias Payer -- Liechtensteinian computer scientist

Wikipedia - MATHLAB -- Computer algebra system

Wikipedia - MathWorks -- Company that produces mathematical computing software

Wikipedia - MATLAB -- Numerical computing environment and programming language

Wikipedia - Matrioshka brain -- hypothetical megastructure of immense computational capacity

Wikipedia - Matt Dillon (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Matthew Dillon (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Matthew Garrett -- Irish computer programmer

Wikipedia - Matthew Hackett -- American computer graphics animator

Wikipedia - Matthew K. Franklin -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Matt Kaufmann -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Matt Welsh (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Maureen C. Stone -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maurice Herlihy -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maurice Karnaugh -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maurice Wilkes -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maxime Crochemore -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Maxine D. Brown -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Max Mathews -- American pioneer in computer music

Wikipedia - Max Planck Institute for Computer Science

Wikipedia - Maya Ackerman -- Russian-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - McAfee -- American global computer security software company

Wikipedia - McGill University School of Computer Science

Wikipedia - M-CM-^]mir Vigfusson -- Icelandic computer programmer

Wikipedia - Mechanical computer -- Computer built from mechanical components such as levers and gears

Wikipedia - Medical calculator -- Computer software for health indices

Wikipedia - Medical image computing

Wikipedia - Megamind -- 2010 American 3D computer-animated superhero comedy film directed by Miles Leonard

Wikipedia - Megan Squire -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mei Hong (computer scientist) -- Chinese computer scientist (born1963)

Wikipedia - Melanie Rieback -- Dutch-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Melissa A. Wilson -- American computational evolutionary biologist

Wikipedia - Mellanox Technologies -- Israeli-American multinational supplier of computer networking products

Wikipedia - Mellon optical memory -- Early type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Membrane computing

Wikipedia - Memcached -- Software that caches strings in computer memory, often used for web sites

Wikipedia - Memory architecture -- Methods used to implement electronic computer data storage

Wikipedia - Memory bank -- Logical unit of storage in computer architecture

Wikipedia - Memory-bound function -- Type of computing function

Wikipedia - Memory cell (computing)

Wikipedia - Memory (computers)

Wikipedia - Memory (computing)

Wikipedia - Memory-hard function -- Computer algorithm that requires a lot of memory

Wikipedia - Memory leak -- Computer science term

Wikipedia - Memory management -- Computer memory management methodology

Wikipedia - Memory space (computational resource)

Wikipedia - Mentec PDP-11 -- Computer company focused on DEC's PDP-11

Wikipedia - Menu (computing) -- List of options or commands within a computer program

Wikipedia - Mephisto (chess computer)

Wikipedia - Meral M-CM-^Vzsoyoglu -- Turkish-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Meredith Ringel Morris -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Merope (supercomputer) -- NASA supercomputer

Wikipedia - Mesa (computer graphics) -- Free and open-source library for 3D graphics rendering

Wikipedia - Mesh Computers -- Private computer company

Wikipedia - Mesh networking -- Computer networking using a mesh topology

Wikipedia - Message (computer science)

Wikipedia - Message passing in computer clusters

Wikipedia - Message Passing Interface -- Message-passing system for parallel computers

Wikipedia - Metacharacter -- Character that has a special meaning to a computer program

Wikipedia - Metadata (computing)

Wikipedia - Metadata controller -- Computer data storage technology

Wikipedia - Meta-learning (computer science)

Wikipedia - Meta learning (computer science) -- Subfield of machine learning

Wikipedia - Metaphor Computer Systems

Wikipedia - Metasploit Project -- Computer security testing tool

Wikipedia - Method (computer programming) -- Computer function or subroutine that is tied to a particular instance or class

Wikipedia - Method (computer science)

Wikipedia - Method (computing)

Wikipedia - Methods of computing square roots -- Algorithms for calculating square roots

Wikipedia - Metropolitan area network -- Computer network serving a populated area

Wikipedia - MEX (computing)

Wikipedia - Michael A. Jackson -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Backes -- German professor of computer science

Wikipedia - Michael Butler (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Michael Collins (computational linguist)

Wikipedia - Michael Deering -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Franz -- |American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Genesereth -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Goldsmith (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Gregg -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Guy (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Michael Guy -- British mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Heath (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Michael J. Black -- American-born computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael J. C. Gordon -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael J. Freedman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Kearns (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael L. Littman -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Osinski -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Michael Overton -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael P. Barnett -- British theoretical chemist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Sperberg-McQueen -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Michael Spivey -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Stonebraker -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michael Tomczyk -- American businessman and home computer pioneer

Wikipedia - Michal Feldman -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michal Irani -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michal Linial -- Israeli computational biologist

Wikipedia - Michal Parnas -- Israeli theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michela Taufer -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Michele Sebag -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - MicroBee -- Series of networkable home computers

Wikipedia - Microcomputer revolution

Wikipedia - Microcomputers

Wikipedia - Microcomputer -- A small computer, with a processor made of one or a few integrated circuits

Wikipedia - Microcontroller -- Small computer on a single integrated circuit

Wikipedia - Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation

Wikipedia - Microprocessor -- Computer processor contained on an integrated-circuit chip

Wikipedia - Microservices -- A collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications

Wikipedia - Microsoft Adventure -- 1979 computer game

Wikipedia - Microsoft Azure -- Cloud computing service created by Microsoft

Wikipedia - Microsoft BackOffice Server -- Computer software package

Wikipedia - Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer -- Computer security evaluation tool

Wikipedia - Microsoft Endpoint Manager -- Cloud based computer software

Wikipedia - Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004: A Century of Flight -- 2003 flight simulation computer game

Wikipedia - Microsoft Flight Simulator X -- Flight simulation computer game

Wikipedia - Microsoft Mobile -- Subsidiary of multinational company Microsoft, involved in the development and manufacturing of mobile phones and mobile computing devices

Wikipedia - Microsoft OneNote -- Free-form note-taking app for personal computers and smartphones

Wikipedia - Microsoft Windows -- Family of computer operating systems developed by Microsoft

Wikipedia - MicroVAX -- Family of low-cost minicomputers

Wikipedia - Middleware -- Computer software that provides services to software applications

Wikipedia - MIDI keyboard -- Piano-style keyboard that sends MIDI inputs to a computer or device

Wikipedia - Midrange computer -- Class of computer systems that fall in between mainframes and minicomputers

Wikipedia - Migration Assistant (Apple) -- macOS software utility developed by Apple that transfers data from an existing computer or full drive backup to a new computer

Wikipedia - Mihaela Cardei -- Romanian-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mihaela van der Schaar -- computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mihai Ptracu (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Mike Paterson -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mike Shapiro (programmer) -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Mikey Dickerson -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - MikroDatorn -- Swedish computer magazine

Wikipedia - Military computers

Wikipedia - Millipede memory -- Novel type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Milly Koss -- American computing pioneer

Wikipedia - Milton Smith -- American computer security application developer, researcher, and writer

Wikipedia - Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas

Wikipedia - Ming C. Lin -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Minh Le -- Vietnamese-Canadian computer game developer who created the mod ''Counter-Strike''

Wikipedia - Mini-computers

Wikipedia - Minicomputers

Wikipedia - Mini computer

Wikipedia - Minicomputer -- Mid-1960s-late-1980s class of smaller computers

Wikipedia - Minimal instruction set computer -- CPU architecture

Wikipedia - Minimalism (computing)

Wikipedia - Minisupercomputer

Wikipedia - Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium

Wikipedia - Minsk family of computers

Wikipedia - MIPS Computer Systems Inc.

Wikipedia - MIPS Computer Systems

Wikipedia - Mira Mezini -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - MIR (computer)

Wikipedia - Miredo -- Tunneling client allowing connectivity between IPv6 and IPv4 computers

Wikipedia - Mireille Broucke -- electrical and computer engineer

Wikipedia - Mirella Lapata -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mirka Miller -- Czech-Australian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Misha Mahowald -- American computational neuroscientist

Wikipedia - Mitchell Waite -- Computer book writer

Wikipedia - M.I.T. Computation Center

Wikipedia - MIT Computation Center

Wikipedia - MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory -- CS and AI Laboratory at MIT

Wikipedia - MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department

Wikipedia - MIT General Circulation Model -- A numerical computer method that solves the equations of motion for the ocean or atmosphere using the finite volume method

Wikipedia - MIT Laboratory for Computer Science

Wikipedia - MIT Schwarzman College of Computing -- College at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Wikipedia - M. Madan Babu -- Computational biologist

Wikipedia - Moana (2016 film) -- 2016 computer animated film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios

Wikipedia - MOBIDIC -- Transistorized computer

Wikipedia - Mobile cloud computing

Wikipedia - Mobile computers

Wikipedia - Mobile computer

Wikipedia - Mobile Computing and Communications Review

Wikipedia - Mobile Computing

Wikipedia - Mobile computing -- Human-computer interaction in which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage

Wikipedia - Mobile device -- Small, hand-held computing device

Wikipedia - Mobile edge computing

Wikipedia - Mod (computer gaming)

Wikipedia - Model M keyboard -- Series of computer keyboards

Wikipedia - Model of computation

Wikipedia - Models of computation

Wikipedia - Models of neural computation

Wikipedia - Modular arithmetic -- Computation modulo a fixed integer

Wikipedia - Modular connector -- Electrical connector commonly used in telephone and computer networks

Wikipedia - Modulo operation -- Computational operation

Wikipedia - Mohamed Fayad -- Egyptian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Mohamed G. Gouda -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Moj mikro -- Slovene-language computer magazine

Wikipedia - Molecular computer

Wikipedia - Molecular graphics -- Computer graphics

Wikipedia - Molly Holzschlag -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - MONIAC -- Fluidic analogue computer simulating the UK ecomomy

Wikipedia - Monica S. Lam -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Monika Henzinger -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Monique Laurent -- French computer scientist and mathematician

Wikipedia - Monoculture (computer science)

Wikipedia - Mono (software) -- Computer software project

Wikipedia - Monsters vs. Aliens (TV series) -- American computer-animated television series

Wikipedia - Monte Davidoff -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Monty Taylor -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Mor Harchol-Balter -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - MorphOS -- Amiga-compatible computer operating system

Wikipedia - Morris worm -- Late 1980s computer worm noted for being the first to gain wider media attention

Wikipedia - Morrow Pivot II -- 1985 personal computer

Wikipedia - Moses Charikar -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - MOS Technology VIC-II -- Video microchip in the Commodore 64 and C128 home computers

Wikipedia - Motherboard -- Main printed circuit board (PCB) for a computing device

Wikipedia - Mount (computing)

Wikipedia - Mouse (computer)

Wikipedia - Mouse (computing)

Wikipedia - Moustafa Youssef -- Egyptian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Movable cellular automaton -- A method in computational solid mechanics based on the discrete concept

Wikipedia - MPC Corporation -- American computer hardware company

Wikipedia - MP/M -- Discontinued family of computer operating systems

Wikipedia - MS-DOS -- Discontinued computer operating system

Wikipedia - MSX -- a family of standardized home computer architectures released between 1983 and 1990

Wikipedia - M. Tamer M-CM-^Vzsu -- Computer scientist (b. 1951)

Wikipedia - Muffy Calder -- Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - MULE -- Computer software

Wikipedia - M.U.L.E. -- Turn-based economics strategy simulation computer game of 1983

Wikipedia - Multicast routing -- computer networking protocol for forwarding transmissions from one sender to multiple receivers

Wikipedia - Multicast -- Computer networking technique for transmission from one sender to multiple receivers

Wikipedia - Multi-core (computing)

Wikipedia - Multi-factor authentication -- Method of computer access control

Wikipedia - Multithreading (computer architecture)

Wikipedia - Multivac -- Fictional supercomputer in several science fiction stories by American writer Isaac Asimov

Wikipedia - Multivariate optical computing -- Compressed sensing spectroscopic technique

Wikipedia - Muneeb Ali -- Pakistani-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Music download -- Digital transfer of music from an Internet-facing computer or website to a user's local desktop computer

Wikipedia - Music Macro Language -- Programming language for generating computerized music

Wikipedia - Mustafa Akgul -- Turkish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Myra Wilson -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Myron W. Krueger -- American computer artist

Wikipedia - MyTunes -- Computer program

Wikipedia - Nada Golmie -- American computer scientist and engineer

Wikipedia - Nadia Heninger -- American cryptographer, computer security expert

Wikipedia - Nadia Magnenat Thalmann -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nagios -- Computer system and network monitoring application software

Wikipedia - Nalini Venkatasubramanian -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Name server -- Computer hardware or software server

Wikipedia - Nancy D. Griffeth -- American computer scientist and mathematician

Wikipedia - Nancy Hafkin -- South African computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nancy M. Amato -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nancy R. Mead -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nanocomputer

Wikipedia - Nano-RAM -- Novel computer memory type

Wikipedia - Naomi Sager -- Computational linguistics expert

Wikipedia - Narayanan Shivakumar -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - NASA Advanced Supercomputing facility

Wikipedia - N. Asokan -- Professor of Computer Science at University of Waterloo

Wikipedia - Nassib Nassar -- American computer scientist and classical pianist

Wikipedia - Natalie Enright Jerger -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Natalie Jeremijenko -- Artist; computer researcher

Wikipedia - Natalie Rusk -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - NataM-EM-!a Jonoska -- Macedonian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nathaniel Borenstein -- American computer scientist and designers of the MIME protocol

Wikipedia - Nathaniel Rochester (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - National Center for Computational Sciences

Wikipedia - National Center for Supercomputer Applications

Wikipedia - National Center for Supercomputing Applications -- Illinois-based applied supercomputing research organization

Wikipedia - National Centre for Computing Education

Wikipedia - National Computer Conference

Wikipedia - National Computer Security Center

Wikipedia - National Computer Training and Research Academy -- Research institute in Bangladesh

Wikipedia - National Development Programme in Computer Aided Learning

Wikipedia - National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center -- Supercomputer facility operated by the US Department of Energy in Berkeley, California

Wikipedia - National Museum of Computing

Wikipedia - National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou

Wikipedia - National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences -- School

Wikipedia - Native (computing)

Wikipedia - Natural Computing (journal)

Wikipedia - Natural computing

Wikipedia - Naturalist computationalism

Wikipedia - Natural language processing -- Field of computer science and linguistics

Wikipedia - Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System Model -- Weather prediction computer model

Wikipedia - Nebulae (computer)

Wikipedia - Neil Burgess (neuroscientist) -- English Professor of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (born 1966)

Wikipedia - Neil Lawrence -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Neil Siegel -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nell B. Dale -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nesting (computing)

Wikipedia - NetBIOS -- API allowing applications on separate computers to communicate over LAN via the session layer

Wikipedia - NetHack -- Classical roguelike ASCII graphics computer game released in 1987

Wikipedia - Netscape -- American computer services company

Wikipedia - NetWare -- Computer network operating system developed by Novell, Inc

Wikipedia - Network administrator -- Individual that is responsible for the maintenance of computer hardware and software systems that make up a computer network

Wikipedia - Network and service management taxonomy -- Classification system for research on computer networks

Wikipedia - Network-attached storage -- Computer data storage server

Wikipedia - Network Computer

Wikipedia - Network computer

Wikipedia - Network Computing System

Wikipedia - Network Computing -- computer networking tech news

Wikipedia - Network Control Program -- Obsolete program that provided the middle layers of the protocol stack running on host computers of the ARPANET

Wikipedia - Network enclave -- Limited access computer network

Wikipedia - Network enumeration -- Computing activity

Wikipedia - Network flow problem -- Class of computational problems

Wikipedia - Networking hardware -- Devices that mediate data transmission in a computer network

Wikipedia - Network management -- the dicipline of administering and managing computer networks

Wikipedia - Network mapping -- Study of a computer network's physical connections

Wikipedia - Network News Transfer Protocol -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Network operating system -- Computer software for running local area networks

Wikipedia - Network security -- Computer network access control

Wikipedia - Network topology -- Arrangement of the various elements of a computer network; topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically

Wikipedia - Neural Computation (journal)

Wikipedia - Neural computation

Wikipedia - Neural computing

Wikipedia - Neuralink -- American brain-computer interface company

Wikipedia - Neurocomputing

Wikipedia - Neuromorphic computing

Wikipedia - NewHope -- Cryptographic protocol designed to resist quantum computer attacks

Wikipedia - Newline -- Special character in computing signifying the end of a line of text

Wikipedia - New Mathematics and Natural Computation

Wikipedia - New media -- Forms of media native to computers

Wikipedia - Newton Lee -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - New World Computing

Wikipedia - New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab

Wikipedia - NeXT Computer

Wikipedia - Next-Generation Secure Computing Base

Wikipedia - Next Gen (film) -- 2018 computer-animated science fiction film directed by Kevin R. Adams and Joe Ksander

Wikipedia - Next Unit of Computing -- Small form factor PC designed by Intel

Wikipedia - NeXT -- American computer company

Wikipedia - Nexus 9 -- Google's Android Tablet computer

Wikipedia - Nicholas Ayache -- Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - Nichole Pinkard -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nick Collins (composer) -- British academic and computer music composer

Wikipedia - Nick Gerakines -- American writer and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Nick Pippenger -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nicky Robinson (game programmer) -- Computer game programmer

Wikipedia - Nico Habermann -- Dutch computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nicola Leone -- Italian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nicola Pellow -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nicole Immorlica -- Theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nicole Megow -- German mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Niels Provos -- German-American computer scientist and software engineer

Wikipedia - Nils John Nilsson -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nimatron -- First computer game

Wikipedia - Nimbus Data -- American computer data storage software

Wikipedia - Nimda -- Malicious file infecting computer worm

Wikipedia - Nimrod (computer)

Wikipedia - Nina Amenta -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nitin Saxena -- Indian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nixdorf Computer

Wikipedia - NLS (computer system)

Wikipedia - NLTSS -- Supercomputer operating system

Wikipedia - Noa Marom -- Israeli materials scientist and computational physicist

Wikipedia - Node (computer science)

Wikipedia - No instruction set computing

Wikipedia - Nokia Lumia 2520 -- Tablet computer by Nokia

Wikipedia - Non-breaking space -- In computer text processing, a space character that prevents an automatic line break at its position

Wikipedia - Nondeterministic Turing machine -- Theoretical model of computation

Wikipedia - NonStop (server computers)

Wikipedia - NonVisual Desktop Access -- Software to describe a computer display for visually impaired users

Wikipedia - Non-volatile memory -- Computer memory that does not lose its contents after being turned off

Wikipedia - Non-volatile random-access memory -- Type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Noor Shaker -- Syrian-Danish computer scientist and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Nora de Leeuw -- Computational chemist and researcher

Wikipedia - Norbert Fuhr -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Nord-100 -- 16-bit microcomputer series

Wikipedia - Norman Abramson -- American engineer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Norman E. Gibbs -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Norman Margolus -- Canadian-American physicist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Norsk Data -- Norwegian computer manufacturer

Wikipedia - North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Wikipedia - North American Computer Chess Championship

Wikipedia - Norton Internet Security -- Computer protection software

Wikipedia - Norwegian Computing Center

Wikipedia - Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law

Wikipedia - Novena (computing platform)

Wikipedia - NRDS Dhamdhama -- Private computer institute in India

Wikipedia - Ntopng -- Free software for monitoring traffic on a computer network

Wikipedia - Nuclear computation

Wikipedia - Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer

Wikipedia - Nucleic acid structure prediction -- Computational prediction of nucleic acid structure

Wikipedia - Numerical computation

Wikipedia - Numerical Electromagnetics Code -- Computer program for antenna modeling

Wikipedia - Num Lock -- Computer key

Wikipedia - Nuria Lopez Bigas -- Researcher on computational cancer genomics

Wikipedia - Nuria Oliver -- Spanish computer scientist

Wikipedia - NVDIMM -- Type of random-access memory for computers

Wikipedia - Nvidia Drive -- Computer platform by Nvidia

Wikipedia - Nvidia Jetson -- Series of embedded computing boards from Nvidia

Wikipedia - Nvidia Tesla Personal Supercomputer

Wikipedia - NVIR -- Computer virus

Wikipedia - Object (computer science)

Wikipedia - Object (computing)

Wikipedia - Object recognition (computer vision)

Wikipedia - Octet (computing) -- Unit of digital information

Wikipedia - Octuple-precision floating-point format -- 256-bit computer number format

Wikipedia - OCZ -- Former American computer hardware manufacturer

Wikipedia - Oded Regev (Computer Scientist)

Wikipedia - Odra (computer)

Wikipedia - Offline reader -- Computer software

Wikipedia - Offset (computer science)

Wikipedia - Ohio Supercomputer Center

Wikipedia - Olaf Storaasli (computing)

Wikipedia - Olga Russakovsky -- Russian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Olga Sorkine-Hornung -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Olive, the Other Reindeer -- American 2D computer-animated Christmas film

Wikipedia - OLPC XO -- Inexpensive subnotebook computer intended to be distributed to children in developing countries around the world

Wikipedia - Omega (computer science)

Wikipedia - OmegaT -- Computer assisted translation tool written in Java

Wikipedia - On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem

Wikipedia - One instruction set computer

Wikipedia - One-instruction set computer -- Abstract machine that uses only one instruction

Wikipedia - One-way quantum computer

Wikipedia - Online Computer Library Center

Wikipedia - Onshape -- Computer-aided design software system

Wikipedia - On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computer Science

Wikipedia - Ontology (computer science)

Wikipedia - Ontology language (computer science)

Wikipedia - Oo-Topos -- Interactive fiction computer game first made for the Apple II in 1981

Wikipedia - Op5 Monitor -- Computer system and network monitoring application software

Wikipedia - OpenBCI -- Open-source brain-computer interface platform

Wikipedia - OpenCL -- Open standard for programming heterogenous computing systems, such as CPUs or GPUs

Wikipedia - Open Compute Project -- Organization that shares designs of data center products

Wikipedia - OpenCV -- Computer vision library

Wikipedia - Open Firmware -- Standard for computer bootstrap code

Wikipedia - OpenNebula -- Cloud computing platform for managing heterogeneous distributed data center infrastructures

Wikipedia - Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call

Wikipedia - OpenShift -- Cloud computing software

Wikipedia - Open-shop scheduling -- Scheduling problem in computer science

Wikipedia - Open-source computing hardware

Wikipedia - OpenSSH -- Set of computer programs providing encrypted communication sessions

Wikipedia - OpenStack -- Cloud computing software

Wikipedia - Open system (computing)

Wikipedia - OpenVMS -- Computer operating system

Wikipedia - OpenWindows -- Computer desktop environment

Wikipedia - Open world -- Type of computer game design

Wikipedia - Operating Systems: Design and Implementation -- Computer science textbook

Wikipedia - Operating system -- Software that manages computer hardware resources

Wikipedia - Operation Match -- The first computer dating service in the United States

Wikipedia - Operator (computer programming) -- Construct associated with a mathematical operation in computer programs

Wikipedia - Operators in C and C++ -- Similar syntax in both computer languages

Wikipedia - Optical computing -- Computer that uses photons or light waves

Wikipedia - Optical mouse -- Type of computer mouse

Wikipedia - Optical storage -- Method to store and retrieve computer data using optics

Wikipedia - Optimization (computer science)

Wikipedia - Oracle Cloud -- Cloud computing service

Wikipedia - ORACLE (computer)

Wikipedia - Oracle Corporation -- American multinational computer technology corporation Stock going up to 90.00 a share

Wikipedia - Oracle Grid Engine -- Batch-queuing system for computer clusters

Wikipedia - Orchestration (computing) -- Automated configuration, coordination, and management of computer systems and software

Wikipedia - Order of operations -- In mathematics and computer science, order in which operations are performed

Wikipedia - Orders of magnitude (data) -- Computer data measurements and scales.

Wikipedia - ORDVAC -- Ordnance Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

Wikipedia - Organic computing

Wikipedia - Organismic computing

Wikipedia - Orna Kupferman -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Oskar von Stryk -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Osnat Penn -- Israeli computational biologist

Wikipedia - Otavio Good -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Otsu's method -- In computer vision and image processing

Wikipedia - Outline of computer engineering

Wikipedia - Outline of computer programming

Wikipedia - Outline of computer science

Wikipedia - Outline of computer security

Wikipedia - Outline of computers

Wikipedia - Outline of computer vision

Wikipedia - Outline of computing

Wikipedia - Out of memory -- State of computer operation where no additional memory can be allocated

Wikipedia - Output (computing)

Wikipedia - Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education

Wikipedia - Overclocking -- Practice of increasing the clock rate of a computer to exceed that certified by the manufacturer

Wikipedia - Overhead (computing)

Wikipedia - OVH -- Web hosting service and cloud computing company

Wikipedia - Owl Scientific Computing -- Numerical programming library for the OCaml programming language

Wikipedia - OwnCloud -- Free software for cloud computing

Wikipedia - Oxford University Computing Laboratory

Wikipedia - Oxford University Department of Computer Science

Wikipedia - P2P caching -- Computer network traffic management technology

Wikipedia - Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing

Wikipedia - Packard Bell -- Dutch-based computer manufacturing subsidiary of Acer

Wikipedia - Paco MenM-CM-)ndez -- Spanish computer programmer

Wikipedia - Padma Raghavan -- Indian-born computer scientist

Wikipedia - Page 6 -- Defunct British computer magazine

Wikipedia - Page (computer memory) -- Fixed-length contiguous block of virtual memory

Wikipedia - Page (computing)

Wikipedia - Palette (computing) -- In computer graphics, a finite set of colors

Wikipedia - Pamela Cosman -- Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Wikipedia - Pamela Zave -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - P. Anandan -- Indian computer scientist and businessman

Wikipedia - Pancomputationalism

Wikipedia - Pandora FMS -- Software for monitoring computer networks

Wikipedia - Paned window (computing) -- Computer user interface window that is divided into sections known as "panes"

Wikipedia - Panel (computer software)

Wikipedia - Paola Bonizzoni -- Italian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Paola Flocchini -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Paola Velardi -- Professor of computer science

Wikipedia - Paper data storage -- Use of paper as computer memory

Wikipedia - Paralives -- Upcoming life simulation computer game

Wikipedia - Parallel computation

Wikipedia - Parallel computer hardware

Wikipedia - Parallel Computers, Inc. -- American computer manufacturing company

Wikipedia - Parallel computers

Wikipedia - Parallel computer

Wikipedia - Parallel Computing

Wikipedia - Parallel computing -- Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously

Wikipedia - Parallelism (computing)

Wikipedia - Parallel port -- Computer interface

Wikipedia - Parallel programming model -- Abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs

Wikipedia - Parallel RAM -- Abstract computer for designing parallel algorithms

Wikipedia - Parameter (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Parameter (computer science)

Wikipedia - Paritosh Pandya -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Partial word -- Computer science string term

Wikipedia - Partition (computing)

Wikipedia - Pascal Van Hentenryck -- Belgian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Password cracking -- Recovering passwords from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system

Wikipedia - Patch (computing) -- Piece of software designed to update a computer program to fix or improve it

Wikipedia - Pat Hanrahan -- American computer graphics researcher

Wikipedia - Pat Hayes -- Computer science researcher in artificial intelligence

Wikipedia - Path (computing)

Wikipedia - Pathfinding -- Plotting by a computer application

Wikipedia - Patinho Feio -- First minicomputer created entirely in Brazil

Wikipedia - Patricia D. Lopez -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Patrician IV -- Historical trading simulation computer game

Wikipedia - Patricia Selinger -- American computer scientist and IBM Fellow

Wikipedia - Patrick Buckland -- British computer programmer

Wikipedia - Patrick Cousot -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Patrick Jaillet -- French-American electrical engineer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Patrick J. Hanratty -- American computer scientist and businessperson

Wikipedia - Patrick Piemonte -- American interface designer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Patterson Hume -- Canadian computer scientist and physicist (b. 1923, d. 2013)

Wikipedia - Paula (computer chip)

Wikipedia - Paul A. D. de Maine -- American computer scientist (1924-1999)

Wikipedia - Paul Brainerd -- American computer programmer in the field of computer-aided editing, design and publishing.

Wikipedia - Paul Buchheit -- American computer engineer; created Gmail

Wikipedia - Paul Dourish -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Paul F. Whelan -- Irish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Paul Graham (computer programmer)

Wikipedia - Paul Haeberli -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Paul Jones (computer technologist)

Wikipedia - Paul Syverson -- Computer scientist and mathematician at the US Naval Research Laboratory, inventor of onion routing

Wikipedia - Paul Viola -- American computer vision researcher

Wikipedia - Paul Vitanyi -- Dutch theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - PAW Patrol: The Movie -- Computer-animated film

Wikipedia - Paxos (computer science)

Wikipedia - Payload (computing)

Wikipedia - PC Direct -- Defunct British computer magazine

Wikipedia - PCI Express -- Computer expansion bus standard

Wikipedia - PC World -- Computer magazine

Wikipedia - PDP-10 -- 36 bit mainframe computer family built 1966-1983

Wikipedia - PDP-11 -- Series of 16-bit minicomputers

Wikipedia - PDP-1 -- Computer

Wikipedia - PDP-8/E -- 1970 model of the DEC PDP-8 line of minicomputers

Wikipedia - PDP-8 -- First commercially successful minicomputer

Wikipedia - Pearl Pu -- Swiss computer scientist

Wikipedia - Pedro Felipe Felzenszwalb -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Pegasus (computer)

Wikipedia - Pen computing -- Uses a stylus and tablet/touchscreen

Wikipedia - Penetration test -- Method of evaluating computer and network security by simulating a cyber attack

Wikipedia - Penguin Computing

Wikipedia - People's Computer Company

Wikipedia - Peptide computing

Wikipedia - Perceptual Computing

Wikipedia - Performer (Computer Graphics API)

Wikipedia - Peripheral -- Auxiliary input/output device for a computer

Wikipedia - PERM (computer)

Wikipedia - Perry O. Crawford Jr. -- American computer engineer (1917-2006)

Wikipedia - Persistence (computer science)

Wikipedia - Personal area network -- Computer network centered on an individual person's workspace

Wikipedia - Personal Computer Games -- Defunct British magazine

Wikipedia - Personal computer game

Wikipedia - Personal computer hardware

Wikipedia - Personal Computer Magazine -- Dutch computing magazine

Wikipedia - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association -- Computing industry body

Wikipedia - Personal Computer News -- Defunct British computer review magazine

Wikipedia - Personal computer revolution

Wikipedia - Personal computers

Wikipedia - Personal Computer

Wikipedia - Personal computer -- Computer intended for use by an individual person

Wikipedia - Personal Computer World -- British computer magazine

Wikipedia - Personal computing

Wikipedia - Personal supercomputer

Wikipedia - Pervasive computing

Wikipedia - Petals ESB -- Type of computer software

Wikipedia - Petascale computing -- Computer systems capable of one petaFLOPS

Wikipedia - Peter Buneman -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Peter Chen -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Peter Druschel -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Peter Gutmann (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Peter H. Salus -- American linguist and computer programmer

Wikipedia - Peter J. Denning -- American computer scientist and writer

Wikipedia - Peter Karp (scientist) -- American Computational Biologist

Wikipedia - Peter Landin -- British computer scientist (1930-2009)

Wikipedia - Peter Lee (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Peter Lucas (computer scientist) -- Austrian computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Peter MacDonald (computer programmer)

Wikipedia - Peter Mattis -- American computer programmer, entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Peter Mosses -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Peter Nordin -- Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - Peter Robinson (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Peter Samson -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Peter Sanders (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Peter Schnell -- German computer scientist and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Peter Sheridan Dodds -- American computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Peter Smith (computer scientist) -- British university professor (born 1956)

Wikipedia - Peter T. Kirstein -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Petit Computer

Wikipedia - Petra Mutzel -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - PETSCII -- Character encoding on Commodore computers

Wikipedia - Phase-change memory -- Novel computer memory type

Wikipedia - Phil Farrand -- American computer programmer and consultant, webmaster and author

Wikipedia - Phil Husbands -- English academic and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Philip Emeagwali -- Nigerian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Philip Hazel -- British computer programmer

Wikipedia - Philippa Gardner -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Philip Wadler -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Phillip Hallam-Baker -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Philosophy of computer science

Wikipedia - Phoenix (computer) -- IBM mainframe computer

Wikipedia - Photonic computing

Wikipedia - Phyllis Fox -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Physical access -- Ability of people to physically gain access to a computer system

Wikipedia - Physical computing

Wikipedia - Physically based rendering -- Computer graphics technique

Wikipedia - Physics of computation -- Overview of the physics of computation

Wikipedia - Pico (text editor) -- Text editor for Unix and Unix-based computer systems

Wikipedia - Pieter Van den Abeele -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Pinar Heggernes -- Turkish-born Norwegian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Pin (computer program)

Wikipedia - Pine64 -- Company building ARM based computers

Wikipedia - Ping Fu -- Chinese computer scientist and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Ping (networking utility) -- Computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a host

Wikipedia - Ping of death -- Attack on a computer system that involves sending a malformed or otherwise malicious ping to a computer

Wikipedia - Pingus -- Computer game

Wikipedia - Pip-Boy -- Fictional wearable computer in the post-apocalyptic Fallout video game franchise

Wikipedia - Pipeline (computing)

Wikipedia - Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center

Wikipedia - Pixar Image Computer

Wikipedia - Pixar -- American computer-animation studio

Wikipedia - Piz Daint (supercomputer)

Wikipedia - Pizza box form factor -- Style of computer or other device case

Wikipedia - Placeholder (Computer syntax)

Wikipedia - Plain text -- Term for computer data consisting only of unformatted characters of readable material

Wikipedia - Plankton and Karen -- Antagonists of the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants; Plankton, a green planktonic copepod, and Karen, a waterproof supercomputer

Wikipedia - Platform as a service -- Category of cloud computing services

Wikipedia - Platform (computing)

Wikipedia - Platinum Technology -- Defunct computer software company

Wikipedia - PLATO (computer system)

Wikipedia - PlayStation Move -- Motion game controller by Sony Computer Entertainment

Wikipedia - PLOS Computational Biology

Wikipedia - Plotter -- Computer output device that draws lines on paper by moving a pen

Wikipedia - Plotting algorithms for the Mandelbrot set -- Algorithms and methods of plotting the Mandelbrot set on a computing device

Wikipedia - Plug computer

Wikipedia - Plugin (computing)

Wikipedia - Plug-in (computing) -- Software component that adds a specific feature to an existing software application

Wikipedia - Pocket computer

Wikipedia - Pocket PC -- Obsolete type of computer, similar to smartphones

Wikipedia - Pocket-sized computer -- Type of hardware devices

Wikipedia - Point and click -- Computer technique

Wikipedia - Pointer (computer programming) -- Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program

Wikipedia - Pointer (computer science)

Wikipedia - Pointer (computing)

Wikipedia - Point of no return (computer games)

Wikipedia - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Police National Computer -- UK database of criminal, driving and property records

Wikipedia - Polling (computer science)

Wikipedia - Polygon (computer graphics)

Wikipedia - Polymorphism (computer science)

Wikipedia - Pool (computer science) -- Collection of computer resources that are kept ready to use rather than acquired on use and released afterwards

Wikipedia - Population protocol -- Distributed computing model

Wikipedia - Portability (computer science)

Wikipedia - Portable computer

Wikipedia - Portable Draughts Notation -- Computer data format for recording draughts games

Wikipedia - Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation

Wikipedia - Portable Game Notation -- Computer format for recording chess games

Wikipedia - Portal:Computer programming

Wikipedia - Portal (computer) -- 1980 portable microcomputer

Wikipedia - Port (computer networking) -- Communications endpoint in an operating system

Wikipedia - Poser -- 3D computer graphics program optimized for modeling of human figures

Wikipedia - Post-quantum cryptography -- Cryptography that is secure against quantum computers

Wikipedia - Potentially unwanted program -- Computer software which can be perceived as unwanted and/or harmful

Wikipedia - PowerBook 190, PowerBook 190cs -- Laptop computers manufactured by Apple Computer

Wikipedia - PowerBook 500 series -- Range of Apple Macintosh PowerBook portable computers

Wikipedia - PowerBook Duo -- Line of subnotebooks manufactured and sold by Apple Computer

Wikipedia - PowerBook G3 -- Line of laptop Macintosh computers

Wikipedia - Power ISA -- Computer instruction set architecture

Wikipedia - Power Mac G4 Cube -- Personal computer by Apple

Wikipedia - Power Mac G4 -- Series of personal computers

Wikipedia - Power Mac G5 -- A line of tower computers designed and manufactured by Apple.

Wikipedia - Power Macintosh 6100 -- First computer from Apple to use the PowerPC processor

Wikipedia - Power supply unit (computer)

Wikipedia - Power Unlimited -- Dutch computer and video games magazine

Wikipedia - Practical Computing -- Monthly UK computer magazine

Wikipedia - Prasad V. Tetali -- Indian-American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Precision (computer science)

Wikipedia - Precompiled header -- Optimized type of file in computer programming

Wikipedia - Precomputation -- Act of performing an initial computation before run time

Wikipedia - Preemption (computing) -- Act of temporarily interrupting a task being carried out by a computer system, without requiring its cooperation, and with the intention of resuming the task at a later time

Wikipedia - Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science

Wikipedia - President of the British Computer Society

Wikipedia - Pretty Good Privacy -- Computer program for data encryption, primarily in email

Wikipedia - Preview (computing)

Wikipedia - Prime Computer

Wikipedia - Primitive recursive function -- Function that can be computed with loops of bounded length

Wikipedia - Primitives (computer graphics)

Wikipedia - Principle of least astonishment -- Principle in computer system design

Wikipedia - Printer (computing) -- Computer peripheral that prints text or graphics

Wikipedia - Priority queue -- Abstract data type in computer science

Wikipedia - Prith Banerjee -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Privacy-invasive software -- Computer software ignoring user privacy with a commercial intent

Wikipedia - Privilege (computer science)

Wikipedia - Privilege (Computing)

Wikipedia - Privilege (computing)

Wikipedia - Privilege escalation -- Gaining control of computer privileges beyond what is normally granted

Wikipedia - Privilege revocation (computing)

Wikipedia - Probabilistic computation

Wikipedia - Procedure (computer science)

Wikipedia - Procedure (computing)

Wikipedia - Process (computing) -- Particular execution of a computer program

Wikipedia - Process management (computing)

Wikipedia - Processor (computing) -- Class of electronic units for electronic data processings

Wikipedia - Processor Technology -- Personal computer company, founded 1975

Wikipedia - Pro Display XDR -- Computer monitor sold by Apple Inc.

Wikipedia - Production (computer science) -- In computer science, a rewrite rule specifying a substitution that can be recursively performed to generate new sequences

Wikipedia - Production system (computer science)

Wikipedia - Professional certification (computer technology)

Wikipedia - Profile-guided optimization -- Compiler optimization technique in computer programming that uses profiling to improve program runtime performance

Wikipedia - Profiler (computer science)

Wikipedia - Profiling (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Program analysis (computer science)

Wikipedia - Program (computing)

Wikipedia - Programmable computer

Wikipedia - Programmable logic controller -- Programmable digital computer used to control machinery

Wikipedia - Programmable ROM -- Type of solid state computer memory that becomes read only after being written once

Wikipedia - Programmed Data Processor -- Name used for several lines of minicomputers

Wikipedia - Programmer -- Person who writes computer software

Wikipedia - Programming by demonstration -- Technique for teaching a computer or a robot new behaviors

Wikipedia - Programming Computable Functions

Wikipedia - Programming language for Computable Functions

Wikipedia - Programming language implementation -- System for executing computer programs

Wikipedia - Programming language theory -- |Branch of computer science

Wikipedia - Project Sauron -- A computer malware

Wikipedia - Proposed directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions

Wikipedia - Protection ring -- Layer of protection in computer systems

Wikipedia - Protocol (computer science)

Wikipedia - Protocol (computing)

Wikipedia - Protocol Wars -- Computer science debate

Wikipedia - Proview International Holdings -- Chinese manufacturer of computer monitors

Wikipedia - Proxy server -- Computer server that makes and receives requests on behalf of a user

Wikipedia - Pseudocode -- Informal high-level description of the operation of a computer program or other algorithm

Wikipedia - Pseudo-polynomial transformation -- A function used in computational complexity theory

Wikipedia - Psystar Corporation -- American computer company

Wikipedia - PTS-DOS -- Computer operating system for x86 processors

Wikipedia - Purely functional programming -- Programming paradigm that treats all computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions

Wikipedia - Purism (company) -- Computer manufacturer focusing on software freedom

Wikipedia - P versus NP problem -- Unsolved problem in computer science

Wikipedia - Pwn2Own -- Computer hacking contest

Wikipedia - Pyramid of doom (programming) -- Computer programming problem

Wikipedia - Qatar Computing Research Institute

Wikipedia - Q-Bus -- Computer bus

Wikipedia - QC Ware -- Quantum computing company

Wikipedia - Qi Lu (computer scientist) -- Chinese software executive and engineer

Wikipedia - Qimonda -- 2006-2011 German computer memory manufacturer

Wikipedia - Quadrature based moment methods -- Class of computational fluid dynamics methods

Wikipedia - Quadruple-precision floating-point format -- 128-bit computer number format

Wikipedia - Quanta Computer -- Taiwan-based manufacturer of notebook computers and other electronic hardware

Wikipedia - Quantum cellular automaton -- An abstract model of quantum computation

Wikipedia - Quantum Computation and Quantum Information

Wikipedia - Quantum computation

Wikipedia - Quantum computers

Wikipedia - Quantum computer

Wikipedia - Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction

Wikipedia - Quantum Computing Since Democritus

Wikipedia - Quantum Computing

Wikipedia - Quantum computing

Wikipedia - Quantum error correction -- Process in quantum computing

Wikipedia - Quantum logic gate -- Basic circuit in quantum computing

Wikipedia - Quantum memory -- Quantum-mechanical version of computer memory

Wikipedia - Quarantine (antivirus program) -- Act of isolating computer files with viruses

Wikipedia - Quasi-opportunistic supercomputing

Wikipedia - Quentin Stafford-Fraser -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Quest for Camelot Dragon Games -- 1998 children's computer game by Knowledge Adventure

Wikipedia - Question answering -- Computer science discipline

Wikipedia - Queue automaton -- Computation model, equivalent to Turing machines

Wikipedia - QUIC -- New transport layer computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Quine (computing) -- A self-replicating program

Wikipedia - Racetrack memory -- Novel computer memory type

Wikipedia - Rachel Harrison (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist and software engineer

Wikipedia - Rachel Sibande -- Malawian technology expert and computer scientist.

Wikipedia - Rachel Thomas (academic) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rachid Guerraoui -- Moroccan-Swiss computer scientist and academic

Wikipedia - Radeon -- Brand of computer products

Wikipedia - Radhika Nagpal -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Radio Computing Services -- Radio software and services provider

Wikipedia - Radiosity (computer graphics) -- Computer graphics rendering method using diffuse reflection

Wikipedia - RADIUS -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Rael Dornfest -- American computer programmer and author

Wikipedia - Raft (computer science)

Wikipedia - Rainbow table -- Precomputed table for reversing cryptographic hash functions

Wikipedia - Raissa D'Souza -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Raja Koduri -- Computer engineer at Intel

Wikipedia - Raj Reddy -- Indian-American computer scientist (born 1937)

Wikipedia - Rakesh Agrawal (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Ralph Johnson (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Rama Akkiraju -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rambo (1985 video game) -- 1985 computer game

Wikipedia - Rana el Kaliouby -- Egyptian-American computer scientist and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Randal Bryant -- American computer scientist (born 1952)

Wikipedia - Random-access memory -- Form of computer data storage

Wikipedia - Randomized benchmarking -- Method for assessing quantum computer hardware capabilities

Wikipedia - Randy Pausch -- American professor of computer science, human-computer interaction and design

Wikipedia - Randy Suess -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Rango (2011 film) -- 2011 computer-animated Western comedy film directed by Gore Verbinski

Wikipedia - Rapelang Rabana -- Computer scientist, Entrepreneur, and keynote speaker

Wikipedia - Rascal (single-board computer)

Wikipedia - Raspberry Pi -- Series of inexpensive single-board computers used for educational purposes and embedded systems

Wikipedia - Raymond J. Mooney -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ray Tomlinson -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Ray Turner (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - RDI PowerLite -- Series of SPARC-based laptop computers

Wikipedia - RDRAND -- Computer instruction for returning hardware-generated random numbers

Wikipedia - Reachability analysis -- Solution to the reachability problem in distributed systems (computer science)

Wikipedia - Real computation

Wikipedia - Real computer

Wikipedia - Real-time computer graphics

Wikipedia - Real time computing

Wikipedia - Real-time computing -- Study of hardware and software systems that have a "real-time constraint"

Wikipedia - Rebecca Bace -- American computer security expert

Wikipedia - Rebecca Garcia -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Rebecca Grinter -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rebecca Mercuri -- American expert in computer security

Wikipedia - Rebecca N. Wright -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - ReBoot: The Guardian Code -- 2018 reimagining of 1994's computer-animated TV series ''ReBoot''

Wikipedia - Reboot -- Process by which a computer system is restarted

Wikipedia - Reconfigurable computing

Wikipedia - Recordable offence -- Offence that must be recorded on the Police National Computer in England and Wales

Wikipedia - Record (computer science) -- Information block that is part of a database (data row)

Wikipedia - Recursion (computer science)

Wikipedia - Rediet Abebe -- Ethiopian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Redirection (computing)

Wikipedia - Redshift (software) -- Computer display color temperature auto-adjuster

Wikipedia - Red Storm (computing)

Wikipedia - Reduce (computer algebra system)

Wikipedia - Reduced instruction set computer -- Processor executing one instruction in minimal clock cycles

Wikipedia - Reduced instruction set computing

Wikipedia - Reeves AN/TPQ-2 Close Air Support System -- | post-World War II radar/computer/communications system

Wikipedia - Reference (computer science)

Wikipedia - Reference implementation (computing)

Wikipedia - Refinement (computing)

Wikipedia - Reflection (computer graphics) -- Simulation of reflective surfaces

Wikipedia - Reflection (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Reflection (computer science)

Wikipedia - Reflection formula -- Numerical computation of special functions

Wikipedia - Regan Mandryk -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Regina Barzilay -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Regius Professor of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Reification (computer science)

Wikipedia - Reiser4 -- Computer file system, successor to ReiserFS

Wikipedia - Reliability (computer networking)

Wikipedia - Relocation (computing)

Wikipedia - Remake (computing)

Wikipedia - Remote administration -- Control of computer from remote location

Wikipedia - Remote Desktop Protocol -- Proprietary protocol that can provide a user with the graphical interface from another remote computer

Wikipedia - Remote desktop software -- Software that allows a personal computer's desktop environment to be run remotely on a server or PC

Wikipedia - Rena Gasimova -- Azerbaijani computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rendering (computer graphics) -- Process of generating an image from a model

Wikipedia - RenM-CM-)e James -- Former president of Intel. Currently CEO of Ampere Computing

Wikipedia - Replication (computer science)

Wikipedia - Replication (computing)

Wikipedia - Research in Computational Molecular Biology -- Annual bioinformatics conference

Wikipedia - Reservoir computing

Wikipedia - Resilient Packet Ring -- Technology for computer networking

Wikipedia - Resistive random-access memory -- Novel type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Resource (computer science)

Wikipedia - Resource leak -- A particular type of resource consumption problem by a computer program where the program does not release resources it has acquired

Wikipedia - Resource management (computing)

Wikipedia - Responsive computer-aided design

Wikipedia - Retrocomputing

Wikipedia - Return address (computing)

Wikipedia - Reversible computing

Wikipedia - Reynold B. Johnson -- American inventor and computer pioneer

Wikipedia - RFB protocol -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Rhinoceros 3D -- 3D computer graphics software

Wikipedia - Ribbon (computing)

Wikipedia - Rice Institute Computer

Wikipedia - Richard Bird (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Richard Brodie (programmer) -- American computer programmer and author

Wikipedia - Richard Milton Bloch -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Richard Stearns (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing

Wikipedia - Richard Turner (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Richard Wallace (scientist) -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Rich Hickey -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Ric Weiland -- American computer software pioneer and philanthropist

Wikipedia - Rigetti Computing

Wikipedia - Rina Dechter -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ring (computer security)

Wikipedia - Ring learning with errors -- Computational problem possibly useful for post-quantum cryptography

Wikipedia - Ring Tone Transfer Language -- Computing language developed by Nokia for transfer of ringtones to cellphones

Wikipedia - RISC OS -- computer operating system by Acorn Computers Ltd

Wikipedia - Rishab Aiyer Ghosh -- Indian journalist, computer scientist, Open-source software advocate and software entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Rising Sun (video game) -- 2000 computer wargame

Wikipedia - Rita Cucchiara -- Italian Electrical and Computer Engineer

Wikipedia - Rita Orji -- Nigerian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rivka Ladin -- American computer specialist

Wikipedia - RK05 -- Disk drive for Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputers

Wikipedia - Roadrunner (supercomputer)

Wikipedia - Robert B. Schnabel -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Robert C. Seacord -- American computer security expert

Wikipedia - Robert D. Macredie -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Robert Everett (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Robert Fano -- Italian-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Robert Fourer -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Robert Harper (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Robert Iannucci -- Americana computer scientist

Wikipedia - Robert Lafore -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Robert Mercer -- American computer scientist, businessman and funder of right-wing causes

Wikipedia - Robert M. Graham -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Roberto Ierusalimschy -- Brazilian computer scientist (born 1960)

Wikipedia - Robert S. Boyer -- American mathematician, computer scientist and philosopher

Wikipedia - Robert Sedgewick (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Robert S. Lancaster -- American computer programmer and skeptical activist

Wikipedia - Robert SzelepcsM-CM-)nyi -- Slovak computer scientist

Wikipedia - Robert Tappan Morris -- American computer scientist; creator of Morris Worm; associate professor at MIT

Wikipedia - Robert Taylor (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Robert Watson (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Robin Milner -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Robotron K 1820 -- East German clone of the MicroVAX II computer

Wikipedia - Robotron K 1840 -- East German clone of the VAX-11/780 computer

Wikipedia - Robust geometric computation

Wikipedia - Robustness (computer science)

Wikipedia - Robyn Owens -- Australian mathematician and computer vision researcher

Wikipedia - Roccat -- German computer accessories manufacturer

Wikipedia - Rocks Cluster Distribution -- Linux-distro for high-performance computing clusters

Wikipedia - Rocksteady Studios -- British computer and video game developer

Wikipedia - Rod memory -- Type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Rodnay Zaks -- American computer programmer and author (born 1946)

Wikipedia - Roger Craig (Jeopardy! contestant) -- American computer scientist, businessman and game show contestant

Wikipedia - Roger Dingledine -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Roger Moore (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Roger Needham -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rogue (computer game)

Wikipedia - Rohini Kesavan Srihari -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Roll-away computer -- Theoretical device

Wikipedia - Rollover (key) -- Ability of a computer keyboard to correctly handle several simultaneous keystrokes

Wikipedia - Roman Slowinski -- Polish computer scientist, Vice President of Polish Academy of Sciences

Wikipedia - Roman Yampolskiy -- Russian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rona Gurkewitz -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ronald Stamper -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ron Sun -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Roopam Sharma -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rosalind Picard -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rose Dieng-Kuntz -- Senegalese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rosemary Candlin -- Scottish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Rosetta@home -- Distributed computing protein folding project

Wikipedia - Ross Cohen -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Router (computing) -- Device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork

Wikipedia - Routing domain -- Computer networking concept

Wikipedia - Routing Information Protocol -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Roxana Geambasu -- Associate professor of Computer Science at Columbia University

Wikipedia - Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer

Wikipedia - Roy Clay -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Roy Wisbey -- British pioneer of humanities computing

Wikipedia - Rozetta Zhilina -- Soviet mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - RP (complexity) -- Randomized polynomial time class of computational complexity theory

Wikipedia - RPG Metanoia -- 2010 Philippine 3D computer-animated adventure film

Wikipedia - R (programming language) -- Language and environment for statistical computing and graphics

Wikipedia - RSA Security -- American computer security company

Wikipedia - Ruchi Sanghvi -- Indian computer engineer

Wikipedia - Rugged computer

Wikipedia - Run (magazine) -- Defunct American computer magazine

Wikipedia - Runtime (computing)

Wikipedia - Russell Kirsch -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Russ Wetmore -- American computer programmer and video game designer

Wikipedia - Ruth Aylett -- British Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ruth Misener -- American computer scientist and academic

Wikipedia - Ruzena Bajcsy -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ryan Williams (computer scientist) -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - S-100 bus -- Early computer bus

Wikipedia - S3 Graphics -- U.S.-based computer graphics company

Wikipedia - Sabine Susstrunk -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sabine Van Huffel -- Belgian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sabre (computer system)

Wikipedia - Sadia Bashir -- Pakistani computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sad Satan -- Computer game

Wikipedia - SAGA (computing)

Wikipedia - Saket Modi -- Indian computer company executive

Wikipedia - Sally Shlaer -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Samantha John -- American engineer. computer programmer and business executive

Wikipedia - Sam Curry -- American computer security researcher

Wikipedia - Samir Das -- Indian-American computer scientist and engineer

Wikipedia - SAML-based products and services -- List of computer security products using Security Assertion Markup Language

Wikipedia - Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 -- Tablet computer

Wikipedia - Samsung Galaxy Tab series -- Tablet computer series

Wikipedia - Samsung Galaxy -- Series of Android mobile computing device and android applications

Wikipedia - Samsung Sens -- Notebook computer series made by Samsung Electronics

Wikipedia - Samuel Genensky -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sandbox (computer security) -- Computer security mechanism for isolating running programs from each other in a highly controlled environment

Wikipedia - Sandboxie -- Open-source sandboxing computer program

Wikipedia - San Diego Supercomputer Center -- Supercomputer at UC San Diego.

Wikipedia - Sandra Hutchins -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sandra Mitchell Hedetniemi -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sandra Zilles -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sandy Carter -- American computer scientist, marketer, and businesswoman

Wikipedia - Sanghamitra Mohanty -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sanja Fidler -- Computer vision researcher

Wikipedia - Sanjiva Weerawarana -- Sri Lankan computer scientist and entrepreneur.

Wikipedia - SAP Converged Cloud -- Private computing cloud

Wikipedia - SAPO (computer)

Wikipedia - Sarah Ann Douglas -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sarah Gordon -- Computer security researcher

Wikipedia - Sarita Adve -- Computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Sarit Kraus -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - SCA (computer virus)

Wikipedia - Scalar (computing)

Wikipedia - Scale (computing)

Wikipedia - Scanline rendering -- 3D computer graphics image rendering method

Wikipedia - Scatternet -- Type of ad hoc computer network

Wikipedia - Scenechronize -- Computer software platform

Wikipedia - Schahram Dustdar -- Austrian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Scheduler (computing)

Wikipedia - Scheduling (computing)

Wikipedia - School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton

Wikipedia - Schwarzman College of Computing

Wikipedia - Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks

Wikipedia - Scientific computation

Wikipedia - Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute

Wikipedia - Scientific computing

Wikipedia - SciPy -- Open-source Python library for scientific computing

Wikipedia - Scope (computer science)

Wikipedia - Scope (computing)

Wikipedia - Scores (computer virus)

Wikipedia - Scott Aaronson -- American scientist, working on the field of quantum computing

Wikipedia - Scott Guthrie -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance

Wikipedia - Scott Kirkpatrick -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Scott Meyers -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Scott Werndorfer -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Screencast -- Digital recording of computer screen output

Wikipedia - Screen of death -- Computer operating system fatal error display

Wikipedia - Screensaver -- Computer program that blanks the screen or fills it with moving images

Wikipedia - Screen space ambient occlusion -- Implementation of an ambient occlusion illumination in computer graphics

Wikipedia - Script (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Script (computing)

Wikipedia - Scroll Lock -- Computer key

Wikipedia - SCSI -- Set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices

Wikipedia - SDS 930 -- Commercial 24-bit computer using bipolar junction transistors sold in the 1960s

Wikipedia - SEAC (computer)

Wikipedia - Search engine (computing)

Wikipedia - Seattle Computer Products

Wikipedia - Secure copy protocol -- Network protocol for copying files between computers

Wikipedia - Secure multi-party computation

Wikipedia - Secure multiparty computation

Wikipedia - Security and Privacy in Computer Systems

Wikipedia - Security hacker -- Computer security term; someone who hacks computer systems

Wikipedia - Security information and event management -- Computer security

Wikipedia - Security switch -- Hardware device to protect computers, laptops, smartphones and similar devices from unauthorized access or operation

Wikipedia - Segmentation fault -- Computer fault caused by access to restricted memory

Wikipedia - Selectron tube -- Early and obsolete type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Self-healing (computer science)

Wikipedia - Self-management (computer science)

Wikipedia - Selmer Bringsjord -- American computer and cognitive scientist

Wikipedia - Semantic computing

Wikipedia - Semantics (computer science) -- The field concerned with the rigorous mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages

Wikipedia - Semi-Automatic Ground Environment -- Historic computer network

Wikipedia - Sentient computing -- Form of ubiquitous computing which uses sensors to perceive its environment and react accordingly

Wikipedia - Sequent Computer Systems

Wikipedia - Serge Abiteboul -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Serge Belongie -- Professor of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Sergey Lebedev (scientist) -- Soviet computer scientist

Wikipedia - Serial computer

Wikipedia - Serialization (computing)

Wikipedia - Serialization -- Conversion process for computer data

Wikipedia - Server (computing) -- Computer to access a central resource or service on a network

Wikipedia - Server room -- Room containing computer servers

Wikipedia - Serviceability (computer)

Wikipedia - Service discovery -- Automatic detection of devices and services offered by these devices on a computer network

Wikipedia - Session (computer science)

Wikipedia - Session Initiation Protocol -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Set (computer science)

Wikipedia - Severin Hacker -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award

Wikipedia - Seymour Cray Computer Science and Engineering Award

Wikipedia - Seymour Cray -- Supercomputer architect and engineer

Wikipedia - SGI Challenge -- Supercomputer family from Silicon Graphics

Wikipedia - SGI Fuel -- Workstation computer from Silicon Graphics

Wikipedia - Shadow Network -- China-based computer espionage operation

Wikipedia - Shadow of the Beast (1989 video game) -- 1989 computer game

Wikipedia - Shadow table -- Object in computer science used to improve the way machines, networks and programs handle information

Wikipedia - Shadow volume -- Computer graphics technique

Wikipedia - Shafi Goldwasser -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sham Kakade -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Shamoon -- Modular computer virus

Wikipedia - SHARE (computing)

Wikipedia - Shark Tale -- 2004 American computer-animated comedy film by Vicky Jenson, Bibo Bergeron, and Rob Letterman

Wikipedia - Sharla Boehm -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sharon Oviatt -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Shawn Bayern -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Shawn Fanning -- American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and angel investor

Wikipedia - Shay Kutten -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Shazia Sadiq -- Australian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Shearwater Research -- Canadian manufacturer of dive computers and rebreather electronics.

Wikipedia - Sheelagh Carpendale -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sheila Greibach -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sheila McIlraith -- Professor of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Shell (computing)

Wikipedia - Sheree Atcheson -- Sri Lankan-born Irish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Shikoh Gitau -- Kenyan computer scientist and technology innovator

Wikipedia - Shim (computing) -- Software that intercepts and modifies behavior

Wikipedia - Shinjini Kundu -- Indian American physician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Shlomo Argamon -- computer scientist and forensic linguist

Wikipedia - Short Code (computer language)

Wikipedia - Shortcut (computing)

Wikipedia - SHRDLU -- Computer program for understanding natural language

Wikipedia - Shuchi Chawla -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Shutdown (computing)

Wikipedia - SIAM/ACM Prize in Computational Science and Engineering

Wikipedia - SIAM Journal on Computing

Wikipedia - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing

Wikipedia - Sibel Adali -- Turkish-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sibyl M. Rock -- Pioneer in mass spectrometry and computing

Wikipedia - Siddharth Batra -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sidebar (computing)

Wikipedia - Side-channel attack -- Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system

Wikipedia - Side-effect (computer science)

Wikipedia - Side effect (computer science) -- Of a function, an additional effect besides returning a value

Wikipedia - Sierra (supercomputer) -- Supercomputer developed by IBM

Wikipedia - SIGCSE Award for Lifetime Service to Computer Science Education

Wikipedia - SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education

Wikipedia - SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education

Wikipedia - SIGGRAPH -- Conference series revolving around 3D computer graphics

Wikipedia - Sigil (computer programming) -- Symbol affixed to a variable name

Wikipedia - Sigma coordinate system -- A coordinate system used in computational models for oceanography, meteorology and other fields where fluid dynamics are relevant

Wikipedia - Signal (computing)

Wikipedia - Signal (IPC) -- Form of inter-process communication in computer systems

Wikipedia - Signature (computer science)

Wikipedia - Sihem Amer-Yahia -- Algerian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Silicon Graphics International -- Former computer hardware and software company

Wikipedia - SimCity -- Computer and video game series

Wikipedia - Simmtronics -- Indian computer technology company

Wikipedia - Simon Colton -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Simone Severini -- Italian-born British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Simon Marlow -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Simon Peyton Jones -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Simon Phipps (programmer) -- computer scientist and web and open source advocate

Wikipedia - Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing

Wikipedia - Simple Network Management Protocol -- Computer network management and monitoring protocol

Wikipedia - Simulation hypothesis -- Proposal that reality could in fact be a computer simulation

Wikipedia - Simultaneous localization and mapping -- computational problem of constructing a map while tracking an agent's location within it

Wikipedia - Single-board computer -- Computer whose components are on a single printed circuit board

Wikipedia - Single-chip Cloud Computer

Wikipedia - Single photon emission computed tomography

Wikipedia - Single-photon emission computed tomography -- Nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique

Wikipedia - Single-precision floating-point format -- 32-bit computer number format

Wikipedia - Single sign-on -- computer log in

Wikipedia - Single UNIX Specification -- standards for computer operating systems that qualify for using the "UNIX" trademark

Wikipedia - Sir Billi -- 2012 British computer-animated adventure comedy film

Wikipedia - SixthSense -- gesture-based wearable computer system

Wikipedia - Skin (computing)

Wikipedia - Skynet (video game) -- 1996 first-person shooter computer game

Wikipedia - Slider (computing)

Wikipedia - Slowloris (computer security)

Wikipedia - Slurm Workload Manager -- Free and open-source job scheduler for Linux and similar computers

Wikipedia - Small Rockets -- Defunct computer game developer company

Wikipedia - Smart Display -- Touchscreen computer project by Microsoft

Wikipedia - Smartwatch -- computerized wristwatch

Wikipedia - S.M.A.R.T. -- Monitoring system in computer drives

Wikipedia - SMIL (computer) -- Swedish first-generation computer

Wikipedia - Smile (software) -- Macintosh computer programming and working environment

Wikipedia - Smoking clover -- Computer display hack

Wikipedia - SMS gateway -- |SMS or MMS gateway allows a computer to send or receive text messages (Short Message Service or Multimedia Messaging Service) to or from a telecommunications network

Wikipedia - Smurf attack -- type of attack on a computer network

Wikipedia - Smurfs: The Lost Village -- 2017 American computer-animated fantasy comedy film

Wikipedia - Snapshot (computer storage)

Wikipedia - Snipes (video game) -- Computer game

Wikipedia - SNOMED CT -- Systematically organized computer processable collection of medical terms providing codes, terms, synonyms and definitions used in clinical documentation and reporting

Wikipedia - Snowball (single-board computer)

Wikipedia - Snowflake Computing

Wikipedia - Social computing

Wikipedia - Social engineering (computer security)

Wikipedia - Socially relevant computing

Wikipedia - Society for Computation in Psychology -- Scholarly organization

Wikipedia - Soft-body dynamics -- Computer graphics simulation of deformable objects

Wikipedia - Soft computing

Wikipedia - Software bug -- Error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system

Wikipedia - Software engineering -- Branch of computing science

Wikipedia - Software patent -- Patent that covers a computer program

Wikipedia - Software release life cycle -- Sum of the phases of development and maturity for computer software

Wikipedia - Software -- Non-tangible executable component of a computer

Wikipedia - Sofya Raskhodnikova -- Belarusian and American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Soha Hassoun -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sol-20 -- Computer

Wikipedia - Solar notebook -- Computer whose batteries use solar power

Wikipedia - Solver (computer science)

Wikipedia - Sonia AM-CM-/ssa -- Canadian electrical engineer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - SONOS -- Computer memory technology

Wikipedia - Sony Computer Entertainment America v. George Hotz

Wikipedia - Sony Computer Entertainment America

Wikipedia - Sony Computer Entertainment

Wikipedia - Sophia Ananiadou -- Greek computational linguist

Wikipedia - Sorelle Friedler -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sound and music computing

Wikipedia - Sound Blaster Audigy -- Computer sound card

Wikipedia - Sound Blaster X-Fi -- Computer sound card

Wikipedia - Source code -- Collection of computer instructions written using some human-readable computer language

Wikipedia - SpaceOrb 360 -- Computer input device

Wikipedia - Spambot -- Computer spam program (malware)

Wikipedia - Spanish Supercomputing Network -- Distributed infrastructure involving the interconnection of 12 supercomputers in Spain

Wikipedia - Spanning Tree Protocol -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Spark (cluster computing framework)

Wikipedia - Spatial decision support system -- Computerised aid to land use decisions

Wikipedia - Spawn (computing)

Wikipedia - Speakeasy (computational environment)

Wikipedia - Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing

Wikipedia - Special Interest Group on Design Automation -- Association for Computing Machinery special interest group

Wikipedia - SPECint -- Computer benchmark specification for CPU integer processing power

Wikipedia - Speculative multithreading -- Computer runtime parallelization technique

Wikipedia - Spencer Kimball (computer programmer) -- American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and business

Wikipedia - Spindle (computer)

Wikipedia - Spinner (computing)

Wikipedia - Spin qubit quantum computer

Wikipedia - Spirit Riding Free -- American computer-animated series

Wikipedia - Spring Joint Computer Conference

Wikipedia - Sprite (computer graphics) -- Term in computer graphics; two-dimensional bitmap that is integrated into a larger scene

Wikipedia - Sprout (computer)

Wikipedia - Spybot worm -- large computer worm family

Wikipedia - Stack (computer science)

Wikipedia - Stack Overflow -- Website hosting questions and answers on a wide range of topics in computer programming

Wikipedia - Stack Resource Policy -- Resource allocation policy used in real-time computing

Wikipedia - Standard Galactic Alphabet -- Computer game script

Wikipedia - Stanford bunny -- Computer graphics 3D reference model

Wikipedia - Stanford dragon -- Computer graphics 3D test model

Wikipedia - Stardent Computer

Wikipedia - Stardust (1993 video game) -- Shoot 'em up computer game for the Amiga

Wikipedia - Star Trek (1971 video game) -- 1971 command line computer game

Wikipedia - Starvation (computer science) -- Resource shortage in computers

Wikipedia - State (computer science) -- Remembered information in a computer system

Wikipedia - Statement (computer science)

Wikipedia - Stefan Decker -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Stefano Soatto -- Italian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Stefan Roth -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Stephanie Forrest -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Stephanie Seneff -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Stephanie Wehner -- German physicist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Stephanie Weirich -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Stephen R. Bourne -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Stephen Wolfram -- British-American computer scientist, mathematician, physicist, writer and businessman (born 1959)

Wikipedia - Steve Capps -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Steve Chen (computer engineer)

Wikipedia - Steve Coast -- British computer programmer

Wikipedia - Steve Furber -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Steve Gibson (computer programmer) -- Computer enthusiast, software engineer and security researcher

Wikipedia - Steve Lawrence (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Steve Mann (inventor) -- Professor and wearable computing researcher

Wikipedia - Steven McGeady -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Steve Omohundro -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Steve Reeves (computer scientist) -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Steve Russell (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Steve Schneider (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Steve Ward (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Steve Wilhite -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Steve Wozniak -- American inventor, computer engineer, and programmer

Wikipedia - Stochastic computing

Wikipedia - Stoned (computer virus)

Wikipedia - Stone Soupercomputer

Wikipedia - Stored program computer

Wikipedia - Stored-program computer -- Computer that stores program instructions in electronically or optically accessible memory

Wikipedia - Strategic Computing Initiative -- US government initiative related to developing computer hardware and artificial intelligence

Wikipedia - Stream (computing)

Wikipedia - Strela computer

Wikipedia - String (computer science) -- Sequence of characters, data type

Wikipedia - String (computing)

Wikipedia - StrongARM -- Family of computer microprocessors

Wikipedia - Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs -- Computer science textbook

Wikipedia - Structured program theorem -- Control flow graphs with 3 types of control structures can compute any computable function

Wikipedia - Stuart J. Russell -- Computer scientist and author

Wikipedia - STUDENT (computer program)

Wikipedia - Sturm's theorem -- Count of the roots of a polynomial in an interval, without computing them

Wikipedia - Style sheet language -- Computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents

Wikipedia - Stylus (computing)

Wikipedia - Subclass (computer science)

Wikipedia - Subhash Kak -- Indian American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sue Black (computer scientist) -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sue Sentance -- British computer scientist and educator

Wikipedia - Sue Whitesides -- Canadian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Summit (supercomputer) -- Supercomputer developed by IBM

Wikipedia - Sun Microsystems -- Defunct American computer hardware and software company

Wikipedia - Sun Modular Datacenter -- Up to 280 computer servers built into a portable 20-foot container

Wikipedia - Sun Ninghui -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Superclass (computer science)

Wikipedia - Supercomputer architecture

Wikipedia - Supercomputer (disambiguation)

Wikipedia - Supercomputer operating systems

Wikipedia - Supercomputer operating system

Wikipedia - Supercomputers

Wikipedia - Supercomputer

Wikipedia - Supercomputing and Visualization Center of Madrid

Wikipedia - Supercomputing Conference

Wikipedia - Supercomputing in China

Wikipedia - Supercomputing in Europe

Wikipedia - Supercomputing in India

Wikipedia - Supercomputing in Japan

Wikipedia - Supercomputing

Wikipedia - Superconducting quantum computing

Wikipedia - Superminicomputer

Wikipedia - SuperOffice -- European computer software company

Wikipedia - Supersingular isogeny graph -- Class of expander graphs arising in computational number theory

Wikipedia - Supinfo -- Private institution of higher education in general Computer Science

Wikipedia - Supratik Chakraborty -- An Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Surface Pro (2017) -- Microsoft hybrid notebook computer

Wikipedia - Surface Pro 2 -- Tablet-hybrid computer device

Wikipedia - Susan Barnes (computing)

Wikipedia - Susan B. Horwitz -- American computer scientist, academic, educator

Wikipedia - Susan Dumais -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Susan Hockey -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Susan H. Rodger -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Susan L. Graham -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Susanne Albers -- German theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Susanne Bodker -- Danish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Susanne Wetzel -- German computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - Susan Owicki -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sushmita Mitra -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Sushmita Ruj -- Indian computer scientist

Wikipedia - SWAC (computer)

Wikipedia - Swap (computer science)

Wikipedia - Swapping (computing)

Wikipedia - Swedish Chess Computer Association

Wikipedia - Swiss National Supercomputing Centre

Wikipedia - Switch access -- Computer device for disabled persons

Wikipedia - Swizzling (computer graphics) -- Vector computation used in computer graphics

Wikipedia - Sycamore processor -- Supercomputer from Google

Wikipedia - Sylvia Wilbur -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Symbolic computation

Wikipedia - Symbolic computing

Wikipedia - Symbolic integration -- In mathematics, computation of an antiderivative in a closed form

Wikipedia - Symbolic-numeric computation

Wikipedia - Symposium on Computational Geometry

Wikipedia - Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Symposium on Logic in Computer Science

Wikipedia - Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing

Wikipedia - Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Symposium on Theory of Computing

Wikipedia - Synchronization (computer science) -- Concept in computer science, referring to processes, or data

Wikipedia - Synchronous Backplane Interconnect -- Internal processor-memory bus used by early VAX computers manufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation

Wikipedia - Synchronous dynamic random-access memory -- Type of computer memory

Wikipedia - System76 -- Computer manufacturer using free software

Wikipedia - System administrator -- Person who maintains and operates a computer system or computer network

Wikipedia - Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine -- Systematic, computer-processable collection of medical terms, in human and veterinary medicine

Wikipedia - System bus -- A single computer bus that connects the major components of a computer system

Wikipedia - System deployment -- Deployment of a mechanical device, electrical system, computer program from packaged to operational states

Wikipedia - System monitor -- System used to monitor resources and performance in a computer system

Wikipedia - Systems biology -- Computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems

Wikipedia - System X (computing)

Wikipedia - Systime Computers Ltd

Wikipedia - Systime Computers -- British computer manufacturer

Wikipedia - Table computer

Wikipedia - Tablet computer

Wikipedia - Talkdesk -- Computer software company

Wikipedia - Tamara Broderick -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tamara Munzner -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tamar Eilam -- Israeli-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tandem Computers

Wikipedia - Tandy Computers

Wikipedia - Tandy Warnow -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tangled -- 2010 computer-animated musical fantasy-comedy film by Disney

Wikipedia - Tanja Kortemme -- Computational biologist

Wikipedia - Tanja Stadler -- German mathematician and professor of computational evolution

Wikipedia - Tao Yang -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tar (computing) -- Computer file format that can combine multiple files into a single file called "tarball"

Wikipedia - Target (video game) -- 1976 video game for S-100 microcomputers

Wikipedia - Tarn Adams -- American computer game programmer

Wikipedia - Task (computing)

Wikipedia - Tatyana Sharpee -- American computational neuroscientist

Wikipedia - Tavis Ormandy -- English-born computer security analyst known for detecting high-risk vulnerabilities in software

Wikipedia - Tawanna Dillahunt -- American computer scientist and information scientist

Wikipedia - Team Soho -- Subsidiary of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.

Wikipedia - Team Umizoomi -- Computer animated fantasy musical series

Wikipedia - Technology transfer in computer science

Wikipedia - Ted Henter -- American computer programmer and businessman

Wikipedia - Ted Kaehler -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Telengard -- Dungeon crawler computer game from 1982

Wikipedia - Teletype Model 33 -- 1963-1981 ASCII communications/computer terminal device

Wikipedia - Television set -- Device for viewing computer's screen and shows broadcast through satellites or cables

Wikipedia - Telle Whitney -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Template talk:Association for Computing Machinery

Wikipedia - Template talk:Basic computer components

Wikipedia - Template talk:BBC Computer Literacy Project

Wikipedia - Template talk:CBM computers

Wikipedia - Template talk:Computable knowledge

Wikipedia - Template talk:Computer algebra systems

Wikipedia - Template talk:Computer files

Wikipedia - Template talk:Computer graphics

Wikipedia - Template talk:Computer hacking

Wikipedia - Template talk:Computer language

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Wikipedia - Template talk:Computer-science-journal-stub

Wikipedia - Template talk:Computer science

Wikipedia - Template talk:Computer sizes

Wikipedia - Template talk:Concurrent computing

Wikipedia - Template talk:Cray computers

Wikipedia - Template talk:Differentiable computing

Wikipedia - Template talk:Evolutionary computation

Wikipedia - Template talk:Guidance computers

Wikipedia - Template talk:History of computing

Wikipedia - Template talk:IBM personal computers

Wikipedia - Template talk:Konrad zuse computer

Wikipedia - Template talk:Major computer hardware companies

Wikipedia - Template talk:No cost computer games

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Wikipedia - Template talk:Timelines of computing

Wikipedia - Template talk:TopicTOC-Computer science

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Wikipedia - Tera Computer Company

Wikipedia - Ternary computer

Wikipedia - Terry A. Davis -- American computer programmer, creator of TempleOS

Wikipedia - Terry Bollinger -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tesco Hudl 2 -- Tablet computer

Wikipedia - Tessellation (computer graphics)

Wikipedia - Testing high-performance computing applications

Wikipedia - Texas Advanced Computing Center

Wikipedia - Texas Instruments TI-99/4A -- Home computer by Texas Instruments

Wikipedia - Text editor -- Computer software used to edit plain text documents

Wikipedia - Text file -- Computer file containing plain text

Wikipedia - Text mode -- Computer display mode based on characters

Wikipedia - Text sim -- Text-based computer games

Wikipedia - Thea D. Hodge -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - The Art of Computer Programming -- Series of tomes by Donald Knuth

Wikipedia - The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society

Wikipedia - The Centre for Computing History

Wikipedia - The ChubbChubbs! -- 2002 American computer-animated comedy short film directed by Eric Armstrong

Wikipedia - The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies

Wikipedia - The Computational Brain

Wikipedia - The Computer and the Brain -- Book

Wikipedia - The Computer Journal

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Wikipedia - The Computer Museum, Boston

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Wikipedia - The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes -- 1969 American film directed by Robert Butler

Wikipedia - The Fool's Errand -- Meta-puzzle computer game from 1987

Wikipedia - The Journal of Supercomputing -- Academic computer science journal

Wikipedia - The Karate Kid Part II: The Computer Game -- 1986 beat 'em up game

Wikipedia - The Learning Company (formerly SoftKey) -- Publisher and distributor of CD-ROM based personal computer software

Wikipedia - The Limoges Computer Sciences Engineering School -- French engineering school

Wikipedia - Thelma Estrin -- American computer scientist and engineer

Wikipedia - The Man Who Invented the Computer

Wikipedia - Theme (computing)

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Wikipedia - The Mother of All Demos -- 1968 computer demonstration by Douglas Engelbart

Wikipedia - The National Museum of Computing -- Museum in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Wikipedia - Theodore Ts'o -- American computer scientist, free software developer

Wikipedia - Theoretical Computer Science (journal)

Wikipedia - Theoretical Computer Science

Wikipedia - Theoretical computer science

Wikipedia - Theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Theory of computation -- Academic subfield of computer science

Wikipedia - Theory of Computing (journal)

Wikipedia - Theory of Computing Systems

Wikipedia - The Palace (computer program)

Wikipedia - The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work

Wikipedia - The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer

Wikipedia - The Prisoner (computer game)

Wikipedia - The Reckoning of Time -- Computation of Easter by Bede

Wikipedia - Therese Biedl -- Austrian computer scientist

Wikipedia - The Secret Life of Pets -- 2016 American 3D computer animated comedy film

Wikipedia - The Story of Mel -- Computer programmer

Wikipedia - Thin client -- Non-powerful computer optimized for remote server access

Wikipedia - Thin-film memory -- Early high speed computer memory

Wikipedia - Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About

Wikipedia - ThinkCentre -- desktop computers by Lenovo

Wikipedia - This (computer programming) -- In programming languages, the object or class the currently running code belongs tot

Wikipedia - Thomas Chesney -- British-Irish computational social scientist

Wikipedia - Thomas Colcombet -- French theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Thomas E. Kurtz -- American computer scientist and educator (born 1928)

Wikipedia - Thomas G. Shanks -- American computer programmer, author

Wikipedia - Thomas Huang -- Chinese-American engineer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Thomas Reardon -- American computational neuroscientist and co-founder of CTRL-labs

Wikipedia - Thomas Sterling (computing)

Wikipedia - Thrashing (computer science) -- Computer constantly exchanging data between memory and storage leaving little capacity for productive processing

Wikipedia - Thread (computer science)

Wikipedia - Thread (computing)

Wikipedia - Threads (computer science)

Wikipedia - Threat (computer)

Wikipedia - Three Rivers Computer Corporation

Wikipedia - Three-tier (computing)

Wikipedia - Throttling process (computing)

Wikipedia - Thunderbolt (interface) -- Computer hardware interface

Wikipedia - Thundering herd problem -- Resource allocation problem in computer science

Wikipedia - Thunk (delayed computation)

Wikipedia - Thunk -- Computing term

Wikipedia - Tianhe-1 -- Supercomputer

Wikipedia - Tiberiu Popoviciu High School of Computer Science -- High school

Wikipedia - Tide-Predicting Machine No. 2 -- A special-purpose mechanical analog computer used by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey to compute the height and time of high and low tides for specific locations

Wikipedia - Tide-predicting machine -- A mechanical analog computer, constructed and set up to predict the ebb and flow of sea tides and the variations in their heights

Wikipedia - Tim Berners-Lee -- English computer scientist, inventor of the World Wide Web (born 1955)

Wikipedia - Timeline of computer security hacker history

Wikipedia - Timeline of computer viruses and worms -- computer malware timeline

Wikipedia - Timeline of computing hardware before 1950 -- Timeline of events in the history of computing hardware: from prehistory until 1949

Wikipedia - Timeline of computing -- Timeline of the history of computing

Wikipedia - Timeline of quantum computing

Wikipedia - Timeline of scientific computing

Wikipedia - Timeline of women in computing

Wikipedia - Timeout (computing)

Wikipedia - Time-sharing -- Method of sharing a computing resource among multiple concurrent users

Wikipedia - Tim Finin -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tim Kindberg -- computer scientist

Wikipedia - Timnit Gebru -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tim O'Reilly -- Irish computer programmer, author and businessman

Wikipedia - Timothy Budd -- Associate professor of computer science at Oregon State University

Wikipedia - Tim Paterson -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Tina Eliassi-Rad -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Titan (1963 computer)

Wikipedia - Titan (supercomputer) -- American supercomputer

Wikipedia - TM-CM-)rcio Pacitti -- Brazilian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tohru Eguchi -- American theoretical physicist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Token Ring -- Technology for computer networking

Wikipedia - Tomaso Poggio -- Italian physicist and computational neuroscientist

Wikipedia - Tom Hudson (programmer) -- American computer programme

Wikipedia - Tom Lane (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Tom Proulx -- American computer programmer and entrepreneur

Wikipedia - Tom Rolander -- American computer engineer and entrepreneur, known for MP/M

Wikipedia - Tom Truscott -- American computer scientist (born 1956)

Wikipedia - Tom Van Vleck -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Tom West -- American computer hardware engineer

Wikipedia - Tomy Tutor -- Home computer

Wikipedia - Toni Scullion -- Scottish computer science teacher

Wikipedia - Tony Brooker -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Tony Guntharp -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Tony Hoare -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Topological quantum computer

Wikipedia - Topological quantum computing

Wikipedia - Topology control -- Computing technique

Wikipedia - Top Secret Rosies: The Female "Computers" of WWII

Wikipedia - Top type -- In mathematical logic and computer science, a type that contains all types as subtypes

Wikipedia - Torch Computers

Wikipedia - Toronto Computer Leasing Inquiry -- Corruption inquiry in Toronto, Canada

Wikipedia - Tova Milo -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago -- Private college focused on computer science

Wikipedia - Toy Story Toons -- Series of computer-generated animated short films by Pixar

Wikipedia - TP-Link -- Chinese computer networking company

Wikipedia - Traceroute -- Computer network diagnostic tool

Wikipedia - Tracy Camp -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Trailer (computing)

Wikipedia - Trainer (games) -- Program that modifies computer game memory to allow cheating

Wikipedia - Train simulator -- Computer-based simulation of rail transport operations

Wikipedia - Trait (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Trait (computer science)

Wikipedia - Traits (computer science)

Wikipedia - Trampoline (computing)

Wikipedia - T-RAM -- Novel type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Transaction Protocol Data Unit -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Transcomputational problem

Wikipedia - Transient (computer programming)

Wikipedia - Transient execution CPU vulnerability -- computer vulnerability using speculative execution

Wikipedia - Transistor computer -- computer built using discrete transistors

Wikipedia - Transistorized computer

Wikipedia - Translator (computing)

Wikipedia - Trap (computing)

Wikipedia - Trapped ion quantum computer

Wikipedia - Trash (computing) -- Temporary storage for deleted files

Wikipedia - Treasure Cove! -- 1992 computer game

Wikipedia - TRE (computing)

Wikipedia - TreeDL -- Computer code language used to create tree data structures

Wikipedia - Trenton Computer Festival -- Oldest continuously-running personal computer show in the world

Wikipedia - TRILL (Computer Networking)

Wikipedia - TRILL (computing)

Wikipedia - Trim (computing) -- ATA and SCSI commands that informs a solid-state drive (SSD) of blocks which are no longer considered in use and can be wiped internally

Wikipedia - Trinity (supercomputer)

Wikipedia - Triple Play 97 -- 1996 computer game

Wikipedia - Trish Sarson -- British/American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Trojan horse (computing)

Wikipedia - Trolls (franchise) -- American computer-animated franchise

Wikipedia - TRS-80 Color Computer -- Line of home computers

Wikipedia - TRS-80 -- Microcomputer launched in 1977, sold by Tandy Corporation through RadioShack stores

Wikipedia - Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria

Wikipedia - Trusted computing base -- Set of all computer components critical to its security

Wikipedia - Trusted Computing Group

Wikipedia - Trusted computing

Wikipedia - Trusted Computing -- Technology developed and promoted by the Trusted Computing Group

Wikipedia - Tryggve Fossum -- Norwegian computer architect at Intel

Wikipedia - TSS/8 -- 1968 operating system for the PDP-8 computer

Wikipedia - Tsubame (supercomputer) -- Series of supercomputers

Wikipedia - Tukey depth -- Computational geometry concept

Wikipedia - Tunneling protocol -- Computer communications protocol

Wikipedia - Tuple (computer science)

Wikipedia - Turbo button -- Computer button

Wikipedia - Turbo C++ -- Compiler and integrated development environment and computer language originally from Borland

Wikipedia - Turbo (film) -- 2013 American 3D computer-animated comedy sports film directed by David Soren

Wikipedia - Turing Award -- American annual computer science prize

Wikipedia - Turing completeness -- The ability of a theoretical computing system to simulate a Turing machine

Wikipedia - Turing-computable function

Wikipedia - Turing computable

Wikipedia - Turing-computable

Wikipedia - Turing reduction -- Concept in computability theory

Wikipedia - Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh -- Limited-edition Apple computer

Wikipedia - T. William Olle -- British computer scientist and consultant

Wikipedia - Twistor memory -- Early type of computer memory

Wikipedia - Tymshare -- Defunct computer time-sharing service

Wikipedia - Type (computer science)

Wikipedia - UBC Department of Computer Science

Wikipedia - Ubiquitous Computing

Wikipedia - Ubiquitous computing -- Concept in software engineering and computer science

Wikipedia - UCPH Department of Computer Science -- Department at University of Copenhagen

Wikipedia - U.F.O.s (video game) -- 1997 computer game

Wikipedia - Ulrich Frank -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ultra-mobile PC -- Obsolete type of computer, similar to smartphones but with a desktop operating system and a physical keyboard

Wikipedia - Una-May O'Reilly -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Uncertainty quantification -- Characterization and reduction of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications

Wikipedia - Uncomputable function

Wikipedia - Unconventional computing -- Computing by a wide range of new or unusual method

Wikipedia - Underwater computer vision -- A subfield of computer vision

Wikipedia - Unibus -- Computer bus

Wikipedia - Unicode font -- Computer font that maps glyphs to code points defined in the Unicode Standard

Wikipedia - Unicomp -- Computer keyboard manufacturer

Wikipedia - Unification (computer science)

Wikipedia - Unification (computing)

Wikipedia - Union (computer science)

Wikipedia - United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team

Wikipedia - United States Naval Computing Machine Laboratory

Wikipedia - UNIVAC III -- 1962 computer model

Wikipedia - UNIVAC I -- General-purpose computer design for robot business application first produced in the United States in 2551

Wikipedia - Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter -- Computer hardware device

Wikipedia - Universal computation

Wikipedia - Universal computer

Wikipedia - Universally unique identifier -- 128-bit number used to identify information in computer systems

Wikipedia - Universal quantum computer

Wikipedia - UniverseMachine -- Computer simulated universes

Wikipedia - University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory

Wikipedia - University of Computer Studies, Mandalay -- IT/Computer Studies university in Myanmar

Wikipedia - University of Computer Studies (Maubin) -- University in Myanmar

Wikipedia - University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences

Wikipedia - University of Maryland Human - Computer Interaction Lab

Wikipedia - University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Lab -- Research lab at the University of Maryland, College Park

Wikipedia - University of Oregon Department of Computer and Information Science

Wikipedia - University of Santo Tomas Institute of Information and Computing Sciences -- Philippine Catholic university

Wikipedia - University of Southampton School of Electronics and Computer Science

Wikipedia - University of Utah School of Computing -- School in University of Utah

Wikipedia - Unix time -- System for identifying instants in time for computers

Wikipedia - Unix -- Family of computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix

Wikipedia - Unsolved problems in computer science

Wikipedia - UNSW School of Computer Science and Engineering

Wikipedia - Up (2009 film) -- 2009 American 3D computer-animated comedy-adventure film

Wikipedia - Upload -- Computer file operation

Wikipedia - Upper ontology (computer science)

Wikipedia - Upper semicomputable

Wikipedia - Ural (computer)

Wikipedia - Uriel Feige -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ursula Martin -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Ursula Rothlisberger -- Professor of computational chemistry

Wikipedia - USB computer keyboard

Wikipedia - USB -- Industry standard for computer connectors

Wikipedia - User (computing) -- Person who uses a computer or network service

Wikipedia - User error -- Term used by computer technicians as a 'joke' for to define when a computer error exists between the keyboard and chair

Wikipedia - Userland (computing)

Wikipedia - Utah teapot -- Computer graphics 3D reference and test model

Wikipedia - Utility computing

Wikipedia - UTM theorem -- Affirms the existence of a computable universal function

Wikipedia - Vacuum tube computer

Wikipedia - Vagif Rza Ibrahimov -- Azerbaijani scientist in computational mathematics (b. 1947)

Wikipedia - Valeria De Antonellis -- Italian professor of computer science and engineering

Wikipedia - Valeria de Paiva -- Brazilian mathematician, logician, and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Valerie Aurora -- American computer scientist and activist

Wikipedia - Valerie Barr -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Valerie Taylor (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Value (computer science) -- Expression in computer science which cannot be evaluated further

Wikipedia - Vanilla (computing)

Wikipedia - Variable (computer science)

Wikipedia - Variance (computer science)

Wikipedia - VAX-11 -- Family of minicomputers by Digital Equipment Corporation

Wikipedia - VEB Robotron -- East German manufacturer of computers and consumer electronics

Wikipedia - Vectored interrupt -- Processing technique in computer science

Wikipedia - Vector graphics -- Computer graphics images defined by points, lines and curves

Wikipedia - Vendetta (1989 video game) -- 1989 beat 'em up computer game by System 3

Wikipedia - Verbum (magazine) -- Former personal computer and computer graphics magazine

Wikipedia - Verena Rieser -- German computer scientist

Wikipedia - Vernor Vinge -- American mathematician, computer scientist, and science fiction writer

Wikipedia - Vern Paxson -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Veronica Becher -- Argentinian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Veronica Dahl -- Canadian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Veronika Megler -- Australian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Vertex (computer graphics)

Wikipedia - VIA C3 -- Family of x86 central processing units for personal computers

Wikipedia - Vicki L. Hanson -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Victor A. Vyssotsky -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Victor Bahl -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Victoria Bellotti -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Victor Poor -- American engineer and computer pioneer

Wikipedia - VideoBrain Family Computer

Wikipedia - Video Electronics Standards Association -- Technical standards organization for computer display standards

Wikipedia - Video game addiction -- Addiction to computer and video games

Wikipedia - Video game console -- Interactive entertainment computer or customized computer system for running video games

Wikipedia - Video game programmer -- Software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebase for video games

Wikipedia - Vienna Development Method -- Formal method for the development of computer-based systems

Wikipedia - Vietnamese language and computers

Wikipedia - Vijay K. Garg -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Viktorya Aviyente -- Turkish computational chemist

Wikipedia - Viliam Geffert -- Slovak theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Vincent Lepetit -- French computer scientist

Wikipedia - Vintage Computer Festival

Wikipedia - Vint Cerf -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Virgil D. Gligor -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Virgil Griffith -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Virginia Dignum -- Computer scientist and artificial intelligence researcher

Wikipedia - Virginia Vassilevska Williams -- Theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Virtual archaeology -- Use of computer based simulations of archaeological excavations

Wikipedia - Virtual legacy wires -- Component in legacy computing

Wikipedia - Virtual Museum of Computing

Wikipedia - Virtual Network Computing -- Graphical desktop-sharing system

Wikipedia - Virtual Organization (Grid computing)

Wikipedia - Virtual organization (grid computing)

Wikipedia - Virtual private server -- One of many virtual machines running on a single computer

Wikipedia - Virtual reality -- Computer-simulated environment simulating physical presence in real or imagined worlds

Wikipedia - Virtual Storage Personal Computing

Wikipedia - Virtual Studio Technology -- software plug-in interface used in computer-based audio production

Wikipedia - Virtual world -- Large-scale, interactive computer-simulated environment

Wikipedia - Visibility (computer science)

Wikipedia - Visualization (computer graphics)

Wikipedia - VM-CM-)ronique Cortier -- French mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - VM-DM-^[ra KM-EM-/rkova -- Czech mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - VMEbus -- Computer bus standard physically based on Eurocard sizes

Wikipedia - VMware ESXi -- Enterprise-class, type-1 hypervisor for deploying and serving virtual computers

Wikipedia - Volatile memory -- Computer memory that loses its contents when unpowered

Wikipedia - Volume (computing)

Wikipedia - Volume licensing -- Practice of selling a license authorizing one computer program to be used on a large number of computers or by a large number of users

Wikipedia - Volunteer computing

Wikipedia - VT100 -- Computer terminal

Wikipedia - Vulkan (API) -- Cross-platform 3D graphics and computing programming interface

Wikipedia - Vulnerability assessment (computing)

Wikipedia - Vulnerability (computer science)

Wikipedia - Vulnerability (computing) -- exploitable weakness in a computer system

Wikipedia - Vulnerability database -- Computer security vulnerabilities

Wikipedia - Wahoo Studios -- Computer and video game development company

Wikipedia - Wake-on-LAN -- mechanism to wake up computers via a network

Wikipedia - Wallpaper (computing) -- Digital image used as a decorative background on a computer desktop

Wikipedia - Walls and Mirrors -- Computer science textbook

Wikipedia - Walter Bright -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - Walter Pitts -- American logician and computational neuroscientist

Wikipedia - Wanda Orlikowski -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Wang-Chiew Tan -- Singaporean computer scientist

Wikipedia - Wang Jian (computer scientist) -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - WANK (computer worm)

Wikipedia - Ward Christensen -- Computer pioneer, invented Xmodem and co-invented BBS

Wikipedia - Ward Cunningham -- American computer programmer who developed the first wiki

Wikipedia - Wardialing -- Computer security attack via dial-up modems

Wikipedia - Wardriving -- Search for wireless networks with mobile computing equipement

Wikipedia - Wargame Construction Set III: Age of Rifles 1846-1905 -- 1996 computer wargame

Wikipedia - Warshipping -- Computer security attack via package delivery

Wikipedia - Watson (computer) -- Artificial intelligence computer system made by IBM

Wikipedia - Wayne Bell -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - WDR paper computer -- Educational computer built of paper

Wikipedia - Wearable computer

Wikipedia - Wearable technology -- Clothing and accessories incorporating computer and advanced electronic technologies

Wikipedia - WebSocket -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Weird-Oh's -- American/Canadian computer animated television series

Wikipedia - Wei Wang (computer scientist) -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Welchia -- Computer worm

Wikipedia - Wendi Heinzelman -- American electrical engineer and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Wendy Hall -- British computer scientist

Wikipedia - Wendy Lehnert -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Wendy Mackay -- Computer Scientist

Wikipedia - Wendy Myrvold -- Canadian mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Wes Graham -- Canadian computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - West Area Computers -- All-African American group of female mathematicians at the NACA Langley Research Center

Wikipedia - West Coast Computer Faire

Wikipedia - West Front (video game) -- 1998 computer wargame

Wikipedia - Wetware computer

Wikipedia - What Computers Can't Do

Wikipedia - Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (video game) -- 1989 computer and video game

Wikipedia - Whirlwind (computer)

Wikipedia - White box (computer hardware)

Wikipedia - White hat (computer security) -- Computer hacker who hacks ethically (white hat hacker)

Wikipedia - Whitespace (computer science)

Wikipedia - WHOIS -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Wide area network -- Computer network that connects devices across a large distance and area

Wikipedia - Widening (computer science)

Wikipedia - Wi-Fi Protected Access -- Security protocol to secure wireless computer networks

Wikipedia - Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Computer science

Wikipedia - Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Computing

Wikipedia - Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services -- technical computing infrastructure created to support software for Wikimedia

Wikipedia - Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer graphics -- Wikimedia subject-area collaboration

Wikipedia - Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer music -- Wikimedia subject-area collaboration

Wikipedia - Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science -- Wikimedia subject-area collaboration

Wikipedia - Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing/Computer hardware task force -- Sub-project of WikiProject Computing

Wikipedia - Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing/Computer networking task force -- Sub-project of WikiProject Computing

Wikipedia - Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing/Early computers task force -- Sub-project of WikiProject Computing

Wikipedia - Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing -- WikiProject improving the quality and quantity of computing-related articles

Wikipedia - Wilk Elektronik -- Polish computer memory manufacturer

Wikipedia - Will Harvey -- Computer programmer and businessperson

Wikipedia - William Barden Jr. -- American computer programmer

Wikipedia - William Clinger (computer scientist) -- American computer scientist and associate professor at Northeastern University

Wikipedia - William Cook (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - William English (computer engineer)

Wikipedia - William Gasarch -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - William Gates Computer Science Building (Stanford)

Wikipedia - William J. Kettinger -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - William Newman (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - William Opdyke -- American computer scientist and enterprise architect

Wikipedia - Williams tube -- Early form of computer memory

Wikipedia - Wil van der Aalst -- Dutch computer scientist and professor

Wikipedia - WIMP (computing)

Wikipedia - Window (computing) -- Visual area containing some kind of user interface

Wikipedia - Windows 10 -- personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in 2015

Wikipedia - Windows 2000 -- personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in 1999

Wikipedia - Windows 7 -- Personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in 2009

Wikipedia - Windows 8 -- personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in 2012

Wikipedia - Windows 98 -- Microsoft personal computer operating system released in 1998

Wikipedia - Windows 9x -- Series of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems

Wikipedia - Windows Compute Cluster Server

Wikipedia - Windows (computing)

Wikipedia - Windows for Pen Computing

Wikipedia - Windows HPC Server 2008 -- Operating system for high performance computing

Wikipedia - Windows Me -- Personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in 2000

Wikipedia - Window Snyder -- Computer security expert

Wikipedia - Windows Vista -- personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in 2006

Wikipedia - Windows XP -- Personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in 2001

Wikipedia - Wing Hung Wong -- Chinese-American statistician and computational biologist

Wikipedia - Winifred Asprey -- American computer scientist and mathematician

Wikipedia - Wintel -- Partnership of Microsoft Windows and Intel producing personal computers using Intel x86-compatible processors running Microsoft Windows

Wikipedia - Wire-frame model -- Visual presentation of a 3-dimensional or physical object used in 3D computer graphics

Wikipedia - Wireless computing

Wikipedia - Wireless LAN -- Computer network that links devices using wireless communication within a limited area

Wikipedia - Wireless Router Application Platform -- single board computer format

Wikipedia - Wirth's law -- Computing adage made popular by Niklaus Wirth

Wikipedia - Wisconsin Integrally Synchronized Computer

Wikipedia - Wish Dragon -- Upcoming Chinese-American computer-animated comedy film

Wikipedia - Witold Lipski -- Polish computer scientist

Wikipedia - Wizards: Tales of Arcadia -- American computer-animated fantasy series

Wikipedia - Wolfram Mathematica -- Computational software program

Wikipedia - Women in Computing

Wikipedia - Women in computing

Wikipedia - Woody Bledsoe -- American mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Wootware -- Online retailer of computer hardware and software based in Somerset West

Wikipedia - Word (computer architecture) -- Base memory unit handled by a computer

Wikipedia - WordNet -- Computational lexicon of English

Wikipedia - Word processor program -- Computer program that provides word processing functions

Wikipedia - Word processor -- Device or computer program used for writing and editing documents

Wikipedia - Workbench (AmigaOS) -- Graphical user interface for the Amiga computer

Wikipedia - Workstation -- High-end computer designed for technical or scientific applications

Wikipedia - World Computer Chess Championship

Wikipedia - World Computer Chess Champion

Wikipedia - World Computer Literacy Day -- Day

Wikipedia - World Computer Speed Chess Championship

Wikipedia - World Forge -- Russian computer game developer (2004-2009)

Wikipedia - World Microcomputer Chess Championship

Wikipedia - Wreck-It Ralph -- 2012 American computer-animated family-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios

Wikipedia - Wu Zhaohui -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - WYSIWYG -- Acronym for "what you see is what you get" in computing

Wikipedia - X.500 -- Series of computer networking standards covering electronic directory services

Wikipedia - Xcas -- computer algebra system

Wikipedia - X (computer game series)

Wikipedia - Xiaole Shirley Liu -- Professor of Biostatistics and Computational Biology at Dana-Farber and Harvard

Wikipedia - Xiaoyuan Tu -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Xia Peisu -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Xia Zhou -- American computer scientist

Wikipedia - XML external entity attack -- Type of attack on computer systems

Wikipedia - X-ray computed tomography

Wikipedia - X-tree -- Index tree structure in computer science

Wikipedia - Yael Moses -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Yael Tauman Kalai -- Cryptographer and theoretical computer scientist

Wikipedia - Yanxi Liu -- Chinese-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Yarowsky algorithm -- Method in computational linguistics

Wikipedia - Yaser Abu-Mostafa -- Egyptian-American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Year 2000 problem -- Class of computer bugs related to dates beginning in the year 2000

Wikipedia - Year 2011 problem -- Potential problem involving computers and computer systems in Taiwan in the year 2011 (Minguo 100)

Wikipedia - Year 2038 problem -- computer software bug with 32-bit system times

Wikipedia - Yejin Choi -- South Korean computer scientist

Wikipedia - Yevgeniy Nikulin -- Russian computer hacker

Wikipedia - Yihan Sun -- Computer scientist

Wikipedia - Yoky Matsuoka -- Japanese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Yolanda Gil -- Spanish-born American computer scientist

Wikipedia - Yue Qi -- Computational materials scientist

Wikipedia - Yukihiro Matsumoto -- Japanese computer scientist (born 1965)

Wikipedia - Yury Matveyevich Bayakovsky -- Russian computer scientist

Wikipedia - Yusu Wang -- Chinese computer scientist and mathematician

Wikipedia - Yuying Li -- Chinese-Canadian professor of computer science

Wikipedia - Yvonne Rogers -- British psychologist and computer scientist

Wikipedia - Z11 (computer)

Wikipedia - Z1 (computer) -- Mechanical computer built by Konrad Zuse in the 1930s

Wikipedia - Z22 (computer)

Wikipedia - Z23 (computer) -- Transistorized computer delivered from 1961 to 1967

Wikipedia - Z25 (computer)

Wikipedia - Z2 (computer)

Wikipedia - Z39.50 -- Application layer communications protocol for searching and retrieving information from a database over a TCP/IP computer network

Wikipedia - Z3 (computer)

Wikipedia - Z4 (computer)

Wikipedia - Z5 (computer)

Wikipedia - Zabbix -- Computer system and network monitoring application software

Wikipedia - Z/Architecture -- IBM's 64-bit instruction set architecture implemented by its mainframe computers

Wikipedia - ZEBRA (computer)

Wikipedia - Zeev Suraski -- Israeli computer scientist

Wikipedia - Zenith Data Systems -- Computer hardware company founded by Zenith Electronics in 1979

Wikipedia - Zephyr (protocol) -- Computer network protocol

Wikipedia - Zero-day (computing) -- Unfixed software vulnerability

Wikipedia - Zero instruction set computer

Wikipedia - Zhiming Liu (computer scientist)

Wikipedia - Zhou Chaochen -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Zhou Zhi-Hua -- Chinese computer scientist

Wikipedia - Zobrist hashing -- Hash function construction used in computer programs that play abstract board games

Wikipedia - Zombie (computer science)

Wikipedia - Zombie computer

Wikipedia - Zombie (computing) -- Network connected computer that has been compromised and is used for malicious task without the owner being aware of it

Wikipedia - Zootopia -- 2016 computer animated film by Walt Disney Animation Studios

Wikipedia - ZOTAC -- Hong Kong computer hardware company

Wikipedia - Z-RAM -- Obsolete type of novel computer memory based on DRAM

Wikipedia - Zuse Institute Berlin -- Research institute for applied mathematics and computer science in Berlin, Germany

Wikipedia - Zvi Galil -- Israeli mathematician and computer scientist

Wikipedia - ZX81 character set -- Character encoding used in the Sinclair ZX81 computers

Wikipedia - ZX81 -- Home computer produced by Sinclair Research

Wikipedia - ZX Spectrum -- Series of personal home computers

Wikipedia - Zzap!64 -- Computer games magazine

Jef Raskin ::: Born: March 9, 1943; Died: February 26, 2005; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Dennis Ritchie ::: Born: September 9, 1941; Died: October 12, 2011; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Rudy Rucker ::: Born: March 22, 1946; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Ken Thompson ::: Born: February 4, 1943; Occupation: Computer Designer;

Vernor Vinge ::: Born: October 2, 1944; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Sergey Brin ::: Born: August 21, 1973; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Max Levchin ::: Born: July 11, 1975; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Gerald Weinberg ::: Born: October 27, 1933; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Leonard Adleman ::: Born: December 31, 1945; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

John McAfee ::: Born: September 18, 1945; Occupation: Computer programmer;

George Dantzig ::: Born: November 8, 1914; Died: May 13, 2005; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

James Gosling ::: Born: May 19, 1955; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Wael Ghonim ::: Born: December 23, 1980; Occupation: Computer Engineer;

Brian Kernighan ::: Born: January 1, 1942; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Aaron Swartz ::: Born: November 8, 1986; Died: January 11, 2013; Occupation: Computer programmer;

Edwin Catmull ::: Born: March 31, 1945; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Jay Wright Forrester ::: Born: July 14, 1918; Died: November 16, 2016; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Guido van Rossum ::: Born: January 31, 1956; Occupation: Computer programmer;

Andrew S. Tanenbaum ::: Born: March 16, 1944; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Stephen Wolfram ::: Born: August 29, 1959; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Alex Pentland ::: Born: 1952; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Stuart J. Russell ::: Born: 1962; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Andy Hertzfeld ::: Born: April 6, 1953; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Grace Hopper ::: Born: December 9, 1906; Died: January 1, 1992; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Subhash Kak ::: Born: March 26, 1947; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Donald Knuth ::: Born: January 10, 1938; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

Tim Berners-Lee ::: Born: June 8, 1955; Occupation: Computer Scientist;

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http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Tropers/Computergal

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https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Category:Computer_science

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Freakazoid! (1995 - 1997) - Dexter Douglas recives the Pinnacle chip as a gift. While away from his computer after installing the chip, his cat walks across his keyboard, entering in a code that if followed by hitting the delete key will suck in and transform the user, creating Freakazoid, a bumbling blue-skinned super hero we...

ReBoot (1994 - 2001) - Deep inside your computer lies a virtual world where cities inhabited by Sprites and Binomes. Normally, they'd live peacefully, but The User (from their perspective, a god-like figure) of their systems tests their mettle by sending Games into the system. Only the most elite should enter a game, and...

Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad (1994 - 1994) - Based on a show from Japan called Grid Man, the English version lasted a few more episodes. The story revolves around Sam Collins, a highschool student with a knack for programming games who gets sucked into his computer by some freak power surge, transforming into one of his own creations: Servo....

or computers nowadays. The shows episodes were around an hour and, most of the time, featured a two-tier story. A...

Stickin' Around (1996 - 1999) - Winner of the 1998 Gemini Award for Best Animated Series, Stickin' Around uses the advanced computer graphics of "Boiler Paint," virtually convincing us that kids are creating their own animated series. Follow best friends Stacy and Bradley as they navigate their way through their elementary school...

Jem (1985 - 1988) - Jem & the Holograms. Jerrica Benton inherits half of her father's company, Starlight music. Eric Raymond has the other half. Eric wants to exploit Starlight topromote "The Misfits" Jerrica can't do anything until she discovers synergi. synergi is a computer her father invented. She projects lif...

Maniac Mansion (1990 - 1993) - Canadian sitcom follows a scientist named Fred Edison(Joe Flaherty)and his eccentric family.This show was loosely based on the 1987 compute game of the same name.

Silver Spoons (1982 - 1987) - Edward Stratton III likes Pac-Man, pinball machines and electric trains. Ricky Stratton is mature, sensible and understands computers. But Edward is in his 30s, while son Ricky is only 12. Edward is very rich. He also talks like Goofy, has the brains of a speed bump and lives in a mansion furnished...

Street Hawk (1985 - 1985) - When Jessie Mach is crippled after an assault by an old enemy, his position as motorcycle cop seems finished. That was before a computer technician named Tuttle recruits him for a special government project. He is to be the test pilot for the Street Hawk, an advanced motorcycle that carried tremendo...

New Monkees (1987 - 1988) - The "New Monkees" lived in a strange mansion with a mysterious butler and a sassy computer! Unlike the television show "The Monkees", which revolved around a central narrative plot, "New Monkees" television show was more of a variety show with music, short films and 'spoof' commercials. Although s...

Classic Concentration (1987 - 1991) - Classic Concentration is the third edition the game of puzzles and prizes which began back in 1958 on NBC's daytime line-up. The original version featured a mechanical board of 30 numbered squares which rotated with the number called (as did the syndicated show of 1973-78); Classic had a computer-ge...

Urusei Yatsura (1981 - 1986) - The Oni, a mysterious race of aliens resembling mythological Japanese demons, come to Earth intending simply to invade and take over. Represented by their leader Invader, he tells the people of Earth that they have but one chanceIf Ataru Moroboshi, a teenage boy chosen randomly by a computer as Ear...

Cyberchase (2002 - Current) - One day, three children from Earth named Matt, Jackie, and Inez are called to the land of Cyberspace by Motherboard, its guardian, to defend her from a virus as unleashed by a villain named Hacker. Motherboard is the guardian of Cyberspace, a dimension where computer networks exist as physical locat...

Time Trax (1993 - 1994) - Each week Darian Lambert searches out criminals from the future hiding out in our time. He is armed with a credit card that houses a powerful computer which helps holographic image Darian search out threats to the present.

What's Happening Now!! (1985 - 1988) - This sitcom is the follow-up to the popular ABC series in the 70's. Raj is newly married and trying to write while his two buddies, Rerun and Dwayne are sharing a bachelor apartment. Rerun is working as a used car salesman while Dwayne is a computer programmer. This syndicated program was on the air...

The Pretender (1996 - 2012) - Jarod is a Pretender - a genius whose exceptional intelligence allows him to assume various identities at will. Taken from his parents at an early age, Jarod was brought up in the Centre, a think-tank facility where he believed his computer-like mind was being used to benefit mankind. But when he...

Amazing Animals (1997 - 1999) - Henry the computer animated gecko shows all kinds of different animals on this Disney show.

Wing Commander Academy (1996 - 1997) - Based on the Electronic Arts computer games this series follows the adventures of a group of space cadets on the Terran carrier Tiger's Claw in the war against the Kilrathi. Featured the voices of Mark Hamill, Malcolm McDowell, Thomas F. Wilson and Dana Delany

C.L.Y.D.E. (1990 - 1990) - CLYDE (Computer Linked Yield Driven Entity) was an alien computer banished from another planet when he developed a virus called a sense of humour. Finding his way to earth, he was discovered by siblings Matt (age 12) and Samantha (age 10) who hooked him up to an old juke box. The juke box came to li...

Man from Atlantis (1977 - 1977) - Show was a science fiction / adventure series about a "man" who was found unconscious on a beach. "Man" may not be the best term for him, however, as his hands and feet were "webbed" between his fingers and his toes! Doctor Elizabeth Merrill "nursed" him back to health and her agency's computer gues...

Denkou Choujin Gridman (1993 - 1993) - Three friends, Naoto, Yuuka, and Ippei have put together their own Personal Computer. The same day that the trio makes this computer, their classmate Takeshi Todo, a lonely rich boy who loves playing monster-creating PC Games, is met by the evil Kahn Digifer, a psychotic being living within the "Com...

Whiz Kids (1983 - 1984) - Richie, Ham, Jeremy and Alice are teenagers living outside Los Angeles. They are also computer hackers who worked as amateur detectives in their spare time. Llewellen Farley is a reporter who is a source for the kids and sometimes asks them for help on stories he is writing. Farley's brother-in-law...

Play with Me Sesame (2002 - 2007) - Play with Me Sesame is a spinoff of Sesame Street produced by and for Noggin. (Back in 2002, Noggin was co-owned by Sesame Workshop and Nickelodeon.) The show is an interactive series featuring Ernie, Bert, Grover, and Prairie Dawn. Every episode has regular segments including Bert's Computer, Ernie...

Bailey Kipper's P.O.V (1996 - 1996) - This show ran on CBS for one year and was about a young kid living in his parent's house who secretly rigged up a sophisticated computer system that would video record happenings all around his house through the use of eyeball-shaped hidden cameras. He was supplied equipment by his father who worke...

Monster Squad (1976 - 1977) - Monster Squad was a television series that aired on NBC from 1976-1977. The series starred Fred Grandy (who also starred in The Love Boat) as Walt, a criminology student working as a night watchman in a wax museum. To pass the time, Walt built a prototype "Crime Computer" in a mummy case near an exh...

Hypernauts (1995 - 1996) - Hypernauts was a proof of concept show made by Foundation Imaging. To further prove that the computer-generated imagery and visual effects created in Babylon 5 were easily applied to other venues, the Hypernauts were born. ABC purchased thirteen episodes of the show from DIC Entertainment, eight of...

Department S (1969 - 1970) - Jason King, best selling crime novellist, Stuart Sullivan, daring action man, Annabelle Hurst, computer expert. Challenged by the impossible, fuelled by justice and entwined by intrigue, Department S investigates Interpols most unsolvable cases.

Van-pires (1997 - 1997) - The show was about a group of teenagers who would go to their headquarters which was located in a junkyard and use magic powers or something to turn into cars so that they could fight some evil car vampires,hahahahaha this show was pretty much power rangers with cheesy computer animation and even ch...

Blue Comet SPT Layzner (1985 - 1986) - The SPT Lazner is a super-powered, computerized Tracer robot. It is the strongest robot in the universe. The story's hero, Eiji, is the child of an earthman and an alien from another planet. He happens to find out about a conspiracy to destroy the earth. Using Lazner and with his friends help, Eiji...

The Little Rascals (Cartoon series) (1982 - 1984) - The series aired originally aired on ABC and was set in the California town of Greenpoint, supposedly in the early-1980s, with references to rock music, computers, television, and push-button traffic controls.

Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks (2003 - 2007) - "Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks (or "Jakers!" in Europe)" is an American-British computer-animated children's television series. The series was broadcast in the United States on PBS Kids from September 7, 2003 to January 24, 2007.

My Friends Tigger & Pooh (2007 - 2011) - My Friends Tigger & Pooh Is an computer animated interactive children's television series inspired by Winnie-the-Pooh by A. A. Milne. The television series features Winnie-the-Pooh and his friends, including two new characters: a brave 6-year-old red-headed girl named Darby and her dog Buster. Altho...

Colby's Clubhouse (1984 - 2000) - a children's television show that teaches principles from the Bible; through songs and everyday situations. The main character is Colby, an anthropomorphic computer that teaches children Christian principles and lessons. Colby has the entire Bible programmed into his memory.[1][2][3] The show was wr...

Brats of the Lost Nebula (1998 - 1999) - (also known posthumously as Jim Henson's Brats of the Lost Nebula) is a puppet and computer animated series originally broadcast on the Kids' WB block of Saturday morning programming in 1998. Created by Dan Clark, the sci-fi series for kids used puppets from Jim Henson's Creature Shop and state of t...

Top Wing (2017 - Current) - a Canadian computer-animated television series created by Matthew Fernandes of Industrial Brothers and produced by Industrial Brothers and 9 Story Media Group. It premiered on Nickelodeonin the United States on November 6, 2017, and debuted on Treehouse in Canada on January 6, 2018.[2] In the UK, th...

Barbie: Life in the Dreamhouse (2012 - 2015) - an online web series of computer-animated shorts produced by Arc Productions, Mattel and Resnick Interactive Group.[1] The series debuted in May 11, 2012 and is available on Barbie.com, Netflix and YouTube.[2] Two TV specials aired on Nickelodeon on September 1, 2013.[3] The series ended on November...

Super Sonico (2014 - Current) - a fictional female character created by Tsuji Santa for the Japanese computer and video game software company Nitroplus, first appearing as a mascot for a Nitroplus-sponsored music festival in 2006. Nitroplus has since developed the character into a media franchise that includes music products, mang...

Puppy Dog Pals (2017 - 2018) - previously titled Puppy Dog Tails[2]) is an American computer-animated children's television series created by Harland Williams. The series debuted on Disney Junior and Disney Channel in the United States on April 14, 2017.[3] On August 24, 2017, Disney Junior renewed the series for a second season,...

Mickey and the Roadster Racers (2017 - 2018) - an American computer-animated children's television series produced by Disney Television Animation. It is a spin-off of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse. The series debuted on Disney Junior and Disney Channel in the United States on January 15, 2017.Mickey and the Roadster Racers is about the Sensational Six...

Vampirina (2017 - Current) - a computer-animated Halloween fantasy musical children's television series that premiered on Disney Junior on October 1, 2017. The show is based on the Vampirina Ballerina series of books written by Anne Marie Pace and illustrated by LeUyen Pham, published by Disney-Hyperion. Disney Junior announced...

The Bears' Island (1992 - 1992) - The Bear's Island (L'le Aux Ours) is a French animated television series produced by Pixibox and first aired in 1992. It was one of the first animated films which heavily involved computer animation.

Galactik Football (2006 - 2011) - French animated television series produced by Gaumont Alphanim that mixes conventional 2D animation with 3D computer graphics.

Gaither's Pond (1997 - 2006) - Gaither's Pond is a Christian computer animated children's series created by Benjy, Bill, and Gloria Gaither and produced by Live Bait Productions. It currently airs on KTV.

Virus Buster Serge (1997 - 1997) - Neo Hong Kong, 2097: The world has changed. Advances in genetic engineering and cybernetics have created an environment full of artificially enhanced humans and intelligent super-computers that operate using biological software. But the same technology that has allowed man and machine to merge has m...

Sid the Science Kid (2008 - 2013) - (also known as Jim Henson's Sid the Science Kid) is an American half-hour CGI animated series that aired on PBS Kids from September 1, 2008 to March 25, 2013, with a total of 68 half-hour episodes produced over two seasons. The computer generated show is produced by The Jim Henson Company and then-P...

Computer Chronicles (1983 - 2002) - Computer Chronicles was an American half-hour television series, broadcast from 1983 to 2002 on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) public television, which documented the rise of the personal computer from its infancy to the immense market at the turn of the 21st century. The show was created by Stew...

Sonic Boom (2014 - 2018) - a computer-animated children's television series, produced by Sega of America, Inc. and Technicolor Animation Productions in collaboration with Lagardre Thmatiques and Jeunesse TV, respectively for Cartoon Network, Canal J, and Gulli. Based on the video game franchise Sonic the Hedgehog created by...

Bratz (2005 - 2008) - a computer animated television series based on a line of toy dolls of the same name. It is produced by Mike Young Productions, MGA Entertainment, and Lionsgate Television, and premiered on Cartoon Network and 4Kids TV. The show aired from September 10, 2005 to October 14, 2006. In 2008, the show was...

V R 5 (1995 - 1995) - Sydney Bloom is a beautiful lines-woman working for a local telephone company. Despite this, Sydney lives an almost solitary lives with no one around her but her childhood best friend, Duncan, and a few of her personal computers that she occasionally use to access virtual reality worlds. After accid...

Colby's Clubhouse (1995 - 2012) - Colby's Clubhouse was a children's television show that taught principles from the Bible through songs and everyday situations. It was written and produced by Peter and Hanneke Jacobs. Peter Jacobs played the part of Colby the Computer. It originally aired from 1987 to 2000 with several changes of c...

PC4U (1996 - 1997) - The Weekly Educational Show hosted By Kids Natalie Gauci and Nicolas Romney. Explore the Computer's Functions, Helpful Internet Websites, latest CD-ROM releases, A look into the Business World, go Behind the Scenes, and much much more.

Game Over (2004 - 2004) - Game Over is an American computer-animated television series created by David Sacks, produced by Carsey-Werner Productions, and broadcast on UPN in 2004. It was canceled after six episodes due to weak ratings.

Dweebs (1995 - 1995) - This comedy was about an office manager that works for a giant computer software company who teaches her reclusive boss and his nerdy employees how to communicate better. The show was aired friday @ 8:00PM on CBS

Bruno the Kid (1996 - 1997) - Bruno (voiced by Bruce Willis) an 11-year old boy becomes a spy for a secret organization named Globe who contact him by computer and a special watch and are unaware of his age (his avatar is of Bruce Willis). Jarlesburg and Harris (supplies gadgets like Q in James Bond) do not know that Globe are u...

Games World (1993 - 1998) - Games World was a British computer games-based television programme, made by Hewland International and broadcast on Sky One each weekday from 1993-1998. The overall concept of Games World was quite similar to Hewland International's GamesMaster (1992-98), which was shown every week on Channel 4 and...

Sid the Science Kid (2008 - 2013) - Sid the Science Kid is a half-hour PBS Kids series that debuted on September 1, 2008. The computer generated show is produced by The Jim Henson Company and then-PBS member KCET in Los Angeles, California using the Henson Digital Puppetry Studio. The show is produced by motion capture which allows pu...

Pirates: Adventures in Art (2009 - 2012) - An American/Canadian computer-animated children's television show produced by DHX Media and WTTW Chicago. In 2009 it premiered on PBS Kids in USA. Reruns aired on Qubo in 2018.

Twipsy (1999 - 2000) - The basic premise tells of a boy named Nick who accidentally gets transported to cyberspace through his friend's computer game where he meets Twipsy.

3-2-1 Penguins! (2000 - 2008) - 3-2-1 Penguins! is a sci-fi computer-animated children's television series, initially launched on November 14, 2000 as a direct-to-video episode.[1] The series was originally produced direct-to-video similar to the Big Idea Entertainment's flagship title, VeggieTales, with videos released between 20...

Butt-Ugly Martians (2001 - 2003) - Butt-Ugly Martians is a computer-animated television series produced by the British media group Just Entertainment in association with Mike Young Productions and DCDC Limited. The plot of the series begins when the Butt-Ugly Martians (B.U.M.) are forced to invade planets for the evil Emperor Bog, bu...

Pingu in the City (2017 - 2019) - Pingu in the City (Japanese: in Hepburn: Ping in za Shiti) is a Japanese computer-animated television series produced by Polygon Pictures and Dandelion Animation Studios in collaboration with Mattel Creations.

The Beeps (2007 - 2008) - The Beeps is an animated pre-school children's television series of 65 x 11-minute episodes, produced by Impossible TV Limited using computer-generated imagery CGI for the United Kingdom television network, Channel Five Broadcasting Ltd.

Home Alone 3(1997) - Harry (Joe Pesci) And Marv (Daniel Stern) Acquire A Missile Guidance System Computer Chip And Smuggle It Through An Airport Inside A Remote Controlled Toy Car, Because Of Baggage Confusion, Kate (Catherine O'Hara) Gets The Toy Car, She Gives It To Kevin McCallister (Macaulay Culkin) Just Before Harr...

Tron(1982) - Computer Classic, one of the first computer generated movies. A hacker is split into molecules and is transported into a computer. In this computer a mean program called Master Control behaves like a dictator. The hacker, who programmed a number of features of the environment he got into, teams up w...

Office Space(1999) - Peter Gibbons is a typical corporate everyman that hates his job and his life. He works for Innotech updating computer software for the new millennium amongst a sea of cubicles. He eats lunch at the same restaurant everyday, drives a mid-size car and lives in a duplex with walls so thin that he ca...

Alien(1979) - An ore processing barge called the Nostromo recieves an unknown alien message, and the onboard computer wakes the crew to investigate. The crew investigates, finding an abandoned alient spacecraft filled with strange eggs. One of the eggs hatches, attaching a parasite to a crewmember, who is taken...

Batman Forever(1995) - The Dark Knight of Gotham City confronts a dastardly duo: Two-Face and the Riddler. Formerly District Attorney Harvey Dent, Two-Face believes Batman caused the courtroom accident which left him disfigured on one side. And Edward Nygma, computer-genius and former employee of millionaire Bruce Wayne,...

The Terminator(1984) - In the year 2029, super computers dominate the world, with only one intention, the extermination of the human race. They send an indestructible human-like cyborg, called a terminator, back in time to kill Sarah Connor whose unborn child will eventually become mankind

Camp Nowhere(1994) - A highly entertaining movie starring Christopher Lloyd, Andrew Keegan and Johnathan Jackson. Four intelligent, smart-mouthed attractive kids from the suburbs are sick and tired of being forced by their parents to attend lame camps such as fat camp, military camp, acting camp and computer camp during...

Digimon: The Movie(2000) - While some children spend their summer vacation playing ball or going to the beach, seven kids use their free time to help save the world in this feature-length animated adventure adapted from the popular television series. While attending summer camp, a group of kids playing with computers are tran...

101 Dalmatians(1996) - There are more puppies than you can shake a rolled up newspaper at in this live-action remake of the Disney animated favorite 101 Dalmatians. Roger (Jeff Daniels) is a designer of computer games who shares his home with his pet dalmatian, Pongo. One day, Roger takes Pongo for a walk in the park and...

The Matrix(1999) - In the distant future, a computer hacker named Neo discovers that what we think is reality is actually a computerized image planted in our minds. The real world is run by machines that use human bodies as batteries, and place the human's minds into an alternate reality, a reality knows as The Matrix...

Twister(1996) - Bill Paxton, Helen Hunt, and Carey Elwes may be billed as the stars of Twister, but the film's real attractions are the tornadoes themselves. Best experienced in a theater, the nail-biting blow-the-audience-out-of-their-seats computer generated graphics, cutting edge sound, and other special effects...

The Iron Giant(1999) - The Iron Giant is a 1999 American animated science fiction film using both traditional animation and computer animation, produced by Warner Bros. Animation, and based on the 1968 novel The Iron Man by Ted Hughes. The film was directed by Brad Bird, scripted by Tim McCanlies, and stars Jennifer Anist...

RocketMan(1997) - Fred Randall, a bumbling computer nerd, is picked as a last-minute replacement for the first manned mission to Mars. He soon becomes NASA's worst nightmare. A very hillarious movie that will have you on the floor laughing.

Hackers(1995) - A young boy is arrested by the US Secret Service for writing a computer virus and is banned from using a computer until his 18th birthday. Years later, he and his new-found friends discover a plot to unleash a dangerous computer virus, but they must use their computer skills to find the evidence whi...

Superman III(1983) - Gus Gorman, Newly Trained As A Computer Whiz, Start's Working For A Conglomerate Run By The Corporate Nemesis Ross Webster, Intent On World Domination, He Is Then Sent To Smallville To Wipe Out Columbia's Coffee Crop By Fiddling With The Computer Side Of A Weather Satellite, Clark Kent Is In Town Fo...

2010: The Year We Make Contact(1984) - In the year 2001, Dave Bowman was taken by the Jupiter monolith and transformed into a powerful being. Now, in the year 2010, Dr. Heywood Floyd, the man held responsible for Discovery's failure, is going to Jupiter. He and his crewmates must reactivate the psychotic HAL-9000 computer, so they may le...

Ragewar(1985) - A computer programmer/enthusiast Paul Bradford (Jeffery Byron), and his girlfriend Gwen (Leslie Wing), get sucked into another world where a sorcerer named Mestema, known as "The Dungeonmaster" (Richard Moll), has them interact in seven different scenarios/riddles to see who can survive. They must f...

Sidekicks(1992) - Barry is an asthmatic kid having trouble in life. He lives with his father, a computer programmer, in Texas. Barry is struggling to get by in life, dealing with his rough school life, bullies, as well as his health. Barry's only source of enjoyment is fantasizing that he is with Chuck Norris. Barry...

War Games(1983) - A young computer whizz kid hacks into a top secret military super-computer called WOPR through a "back door" which has complete control over the U.S. nuclear arsenal. A range of choices of games comes up. He chooses Global Thermonuclear warfare It challenges him to a game between America and Russia...

Brainscan(1994) - A lonely teenage horror-movie fan discovers a mysterious computer game that uses hypnosis to custom-tailor the game into the most terrifying experience imaginable. When he emerges from the hypnotic trance he is horrified to find evidence that the brutal murder depicted in the game actually happened...

Crash and Burn(1990) - In this follow-up to its predecessor Robot Jox, Unicom is a powerful organization overseeing most of the world after its economic collapse. They have banned computers and robots in an attempt to insure "life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic stability". When a Unicom Synth robot infiltrates a so...

3 Ninjas: High Noon at Mega Mountain(1998) - Three young boys, Rocky, Colt and Tum Tum together with their neighbor girl, computer whiz Amanda are visiting Mega Mountain amusement park when it is invaded by an army of ninjas led by evil Medusa, who wants to take over the park and hold the owners for ransom. Kids and retired TV star Dave Dragon...

Electric Dreams(1984) - Electric Dreams is a 1984 movie set in San Francisco, California that depicts a love triangle between a man, a woman, and a home computer. It stars Lenny Von Dohlen, Virginia Madsen and Bud Cort (voice) and was directed by Stev

Colossus: The Forbin Project(1970) - "We built a super computer with a mind of its own and now we must fight it for the world

Goldeneye(1995) - Bond, while on holiday, meets the beautiful but deadly Xenia Onatopp, a member of a Russia mafia group and attempts to stop Xenia and another person taking the 'Tiger' helicopter, a new design and protected against any form of jamming. Meanwhile, Natalya Siminova, a Russian computer programmer is sh...

Airplane II: The Sequel(1982) - Years have passed since Ted Striker heroically saved many lives by avoiding a plane crash. Working as a test pilot for a new Lunar Shuttle (the XR-2200, not to be confused with the XR-2300), he gets innocently sent into a mental ward after a crash of the badly constructed, computer-navigated spacesh...

The Net(1995) - Angela Bennett is a freelance software engineer who lives in a world of computer technology. When a cyber friend asks Bennett to debug a CD-ROM game, she discovers a conspiracy that will turn her life upside down. Soon, her records have been erased, and she's been given a new identity and a police r...

The Lawnmower Man(1992) - Loosely based on a short story by Stephen King, The Lawnmower Man was the first film to explore virtual reality technology and boasts a dazzling collection of computer-animated sequences. The story concerns the slightly-mad scientist Dr. Lawrence Angelo (Pierce Brosnan), who as part of a secret gove...

Nirvana(1997) - A computer virus endows Solo, the hero of a virtual reality game, with human consciousness thereby creating all kinds of headaches for his creator Jimi. The trouble begins in the futuristic metropolis of Northern Agglomerate three days before Christmas. With little time left, video-game designer Jim...

Fortress(1993) - Elements of Orwellian science-fiction and old-fashioned prison dramas are combined in this futuristic action film, as an unjustly imprisoned couple attempts to escape from a high-tech jail known as The Fortress. The Fortress is the tool of a repressive government, an imposing, computerized hell, fea...

Virtuosity(1995) - In a futuristic, high-tech world run by huge corporations, Parker Barnes (Denzel Washington) is an L.A. policeman serving time for killing the psychotic who murdered his wife and child. Lindenmeyer (Stephen Spinella), a Dr. Frankenstein of the computer era, has created a monster, Sid 6.7 (Russell Cr...

Police Academy 7: Mission to Moscow(1994) - In a major stumbling block toward better international relations, America's most laughable police officers are sent to Russia to fight crime in this comedy. In Moscow, master criminal Konali (Ron Perlman) has marketed a new computer game that has an unusual hidden featureit allows him to bring down...

Fled(1996) - Though serving a prison sentence for using his computer to embezzle from an international corporation, Dodge (Stephen Baldwin) still thinks of himself as an ordinary criminal. His fellow convict, Piper (Lawrence Fishburne), whose basic decency leads him to protect Dodge from an assault by another pr...

The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes(1969) - Some college students manage to persuade the town's big businessman, A. J. Arno, to donate a computer to their college. When the problem- student, Dexter Riley, tries to fix the computer, he gets an electric shock and his brain turns to a computer; now he remembers everything he reads. Unfortunately...

Ghost In The Machine(1993) - A serial killer is tranformed into a computer virus out to destroy more than your hard drive in this sci-fi thriller. Terry Munroe (Karen Allen), a single mother, is looking for a gift for her boss and visits a computer store, where one of the employees demonstrates a hand-held scanner than can tran...

New World Disorder(1999) - In this high-tech thriller, David Marx (Rutger Hauer), a take-no-prisoners homicide detective, is teamed with computer expert Kris Paddock (Tara Fitzgerald) to track down Kurt Bishop (Andrew McCarthy), a software pirate who has been trying to steal a valuable encryption security program. Bishop will...

Disclosure(1994) - A computer specialist is sued for sexual harassment by a former lover turned boss who initiated the act forcefully, which threatens both his career and his personal life.

The Double O Kid(1992) - Lance, a teenager, dreams to be a secret agent when he is suddenly in the middle of an hacker intrigue which aims at an international environmental congress. Lance gets in possession of a computer access card one of which the hackers are in urgent need of for their operation. Lance begins to play wi...

Jumpin' Jack Flash(1986) - Terry works for a bank, and uses computers to communicate with clients all over the world. One day she gets a strange message from an unknown source. The message is coded. After decoding the message, Terry becomes embroiled in an espionage ring. People are killed, and Terry is chased. Throughout she...

Demon Seed(1977) - Susan Harris (Julie Christie) is in a troubled marriage with Alex (Fritz Weaver), a scientist. When Alex moves out of their luxurious home, which is run by the super computer "Proteus" that Alex created, Susan becomes trapped by "Proteus", who is becoming more powerful by the day. Locked in her ho...

Drop Zone(1994) - A team of skydiving crooks led by DEA-agent-turned-bad Busey specialize in landing on police roofs and breaking in so their evil computer nerd can steal undercover agents' files and sell them to drug lords. Federal Marshal Snipes lost a brother to this crew and learns skydiving with the help of toug...

Lewis & Clark & George(1997) - Three makes for a dangerous crowd in this darkly comic crime story. Convicted murderer Lewis (Salvator Xuereb) breaks out of prison with Clark (Dan Gunther), who is doing time for computer fraud. The escapees are heading to New Mexico in search of a secret map to a gold mine that was hidden by a pri...

After Hours(1985) - Aaah, New York City in the 80s. Sleaze, crime, depravity...It was wonderful, wasn't it? A young man named Paul Hackett (Griffin Dunne) is about to be plunged into the maelstrom of the city in 1985. A computer processor with a dull life, Hackett visits a coffee shop one night and meets a young woman...

ThrillKill(1984) - Karlie (Diana Reis)is a computer programmer who hacks into bank accounts and amasses a fortune of 5 million dollars.The company Karlie works for wants the money so they have her killed.Karlie's stewardess sister Bobbi(Gina Massey) teams up with a detective(Robin Ward) to find Karlie's killer and the...

The Tower(1993) - A man(Paul Reiser) working in a building, that is totally computer operated ,accidentally damages his pass key. He tries to re-enter the pass key ,but the computer see the man as a threat and tries to eliminate him.

Rudolph & the Island of Misfit Toys(2001) - Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys is a 2001 American-Canadian Christmas computer-animated musical film directed by Bill Kowalchuk for GoodTimes Entertainment. It was released on video and DVD on October 30, 2001. The film revisits classic characters like Hermey the Elf (no...

The LEGO Movie(2014) - The Lego Movie (stylized as The LEGO Movie) is a 2014 computer-animated/live-action film adventure-comedy film directed and co-written by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, and starring the voices of Chris Pratt, Will Ferrell, Elizabeth Banks, Will Arnett, Nick O...

2001: A Space Odyssey(1968) - When humanity discovers a mysterious monolithic object beneath the surface of Earth's moon, a group of astronauts set off on a lunar quest with the artificially intelligent computer HAL 9000, who will stop at nothing to ensure the mission is completed... even if it means some or all of the crew will...

Hunk(1987) - A computer nerd makes a deal with the Devil and gets a new, "beefcake" body.

Star Wars: The Clone Wars(2008) - Star Wars: The Clone Wars is a 2008 American computer-animated military science fiction-space opera action film that takes place within the Star Wars saga, leading into the TV series of the same name produced by Lucasfilm. The film is set during the three-year time period between the films Attack of...

Tinker Bell(2008) - Tinker Bell is a 2008 computer animated film and the first installment in the Disney Fairies franchise produced by DisneyToon Studios. It revolves around Tinker Bell, a fairy character created by J. M. Barrie in his play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, and featured in the 1953 Disney ani...

Arthur Christmas(2011) - Arthur Christmas is a 2011 British-American 3D computer animated Christmas comedy film, produced by Aardman Animations and Sony Pictures Animation as their first collaborative project. The film was released on November 11, 2011 in the UK, and on November 23, 2011 in th

Prep & Landing(2009) - Prep & Landing is a computer animated television special, based on an idea by Chris Williams at Walt Disney Animation Studios and developed by Kevin Deters and Stevie Wermers-Skelton into a half-hour Christmas special. It first aired December 8, 2009 o

Hop(2011) - Hop is a 2011 American 3D live-action/computer-animated fantasy comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and released by Universal Pictures, directed by Tim Hill and produced by Chris Meledandri and Michele Imperato Stabile. Hop stars Russell Brand as E.B., the Easter Bunny (Hugh Laurie)'s...

The Iron Giant(1999) - The Iron Giant is a 1999 American animated science fiction film using both traditional animation and computer animation, produced by Warner Bros. Feature Animation and directed by Brad Bird in his directorial debut. It is based on the 1968 novel The Iron Man by Ted Hughes (which was published in the...

Ghost in the Shell 2.0(2008) - Mamoru Oshii's first Ghost in the Shell cyberspace film will return to five Japanese theaters in an enhanced Ghost in the Shell 2.0 edition on July 12. The new edition will include new computer graphics and digital effects for some scenes and a reunion of most of the cast members for a new 6.1 surro...

The Curious Female(1970) - In the year 2177, the world is under the control of a master computer. For recreation, however, people are allowed to view sex tapes.

The Smurfs(2011) - The Smurfs is a 2011 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film loosely based on the comics series of the same name created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo. It was directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Neil Patrick Harris, Jayma Mays, Sofa Vergara, and Hank Azaria, with the voices of Jona...

Chosen Survivors(1974) - A group of diverse individuals are suddenly taken from their homes and flown via helicopter to a futuristic bomb shelter in the desert, nearly two miles below the surface of the Earth. There they learn that a nuclear holocaust is taking place and that they've been "chosen" by computer to survive in...

The Invisible Boy(1957) - A ten-year-old boy and Robby the Robot team up to prevent a Super Computer from controlling the Earth from a satellite.

Evilspeak(1981) - A military cadet who happens to be a social outcast taps into a way to summon demons and cast spells on his tormentors through his computer.

Paws(1997) - A boy as well as a dog attempt to stop a bad woman from getting her hands on a computer disc that has pointers as to the whereabouts of a hidden fortune of $1 million dollars.

Where the Wild Things Are(2009) - Where the Wild Things Are is a 2009 fantasy drama film directed by Spike Jonze and adapted from Maurice Sendak's 1963 children's book Where the Wild Things Are. It combines live action, performers in costumes, animatronics, and computer-generated imagery (CGI). The film stars Max Records, and featur...

Resident Evil(2002) - A special military unit fights a powerful, out-of-control supercomputer and hundreds of scientists who have mutated into flesh-eating creatures after a laboratory accident.

Moon(2009) - Astronaut Sam Bell has a quintessentially personal encounter toward the end of his three-year stint on the Moon, where he, working alongside his computer, GERTY, sends back to Earth parcels of a resource that has helped diminish our planet's power problems.

The Dallas Connection(1994) - Assassins led by Black Widow are out to kill Antonio Morales to prevent him from handing a computer chip over to IWAR headquarters. It's up to secret agents Chris Cannon, Mark Austin, and Samantha Maxx to stop them.

L.E.T.H.A.L. Ladies: Return to Savage Beach(1998) - A stolen computer disk contains the location of a hidden tresaure trove. It's up to the sexy ladies of LETHAL (Legion to Ensure Total Harmony and Law) to find the treasure before the bad guys do. Will the forces of evil be able to overcome LETHAL's powerful combination of bullets, brains, and boobs?

TMNT(2007) - TMNT is a 2007 American computer-animated action film based on the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT) franchise. The film is the fourth and final installment in the original film series. It was the first Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles film made with computer-generated imagery (CGI), created by Imagi...

X2(2003) - The X-Men Are Against The Genocidal William Stryker Who Leads An Assault On Professor Xavier's School Of Mutants To Build His Own Version Of Professor Xavier's Mutant Tracking Computer Cerebro In Order To Destroy Every Mutant On Earth.

Antitrust(2001) - A computer programmer's dream job at a hot Portland-based firm turns nightmarish when he discovers his boss has a secret and ruthless means of dispatching anti-trust problems.

Dinosaur(2000) - The very first film Walt Disney film to be entirely computer-animated. The film used computer-animated characters on live-action backgrounds and was Disney's most expensive film to produce to date. While a dinosaur-related computer-animated film had been contemplated for over a decade, the film fina...

The Bank(2001) - A monstrous banker takes on an econometrist as the latter has thought up a computer system that can predict the rises and falls of the stock market and thinks that they will greatly profit from it, unaware that the latter has revenge in mind for an event from his childhood which he blames on the ban...

Crosstalk(1982) - A man investigates a suspected murder after finding what he thinks is evidence on his advanced computer of a husband murdering his wife.

The Terminal Man(1974) - Hoping to cure his violent seizures, a man agrees to a series of experimental microcomputers inserted into his brain but inadvertently discovers that violence now triggers a pleasurable response his brain.

The 'Human' Factor(1975) - After his family is brutally murdered for an unknown reason, a computer engineer sets out to find those responsible.

Hotel Transylvania(2012) - Hotel Transylvania is a 2012 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation. The film tells the story of Count Dracula, the owner of a hotel called Hotel Transylvania where the world's monsters can take a rest from human civilization. Dracula invites...

Hotel Transylvania 2(2015) - Hotel Transylvania 2 is a 2015 American 3D computer animated comedy film, the second installment in the Hotel Transylvania franchise and the sequel to the 2012 film Hotel Transylvania. Hotel Transylvania 2 depicts events taking place 7 years after the first film, with the hotel now open to human gue...

Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation(2018) - Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (released internationally as Hotel Transylvania 3: A Monster Vacation) is a 2018 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. In the film, Dracula finds love with a ship captain named Eric...

Rango(2011) - Rango is a 2011 American computer-animated Western comedy film directed by Gore Verbinski from a screenplay by John Logan. The film's plot centers on Rango, a chameleon who accidentally ends up in the town of Dirt, an outpost that is in desperate need of a new sheriff. His first mission is to save t...

Sing(2016) - Sing is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and released by Universal Pictures. It was written and directed by Garth Jennings, co-directed by Christophe Lourdelet and stars the ensemble voices of Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth Ma...

The Smurfs(2011) - The Smurfs is a 2011 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film loosely based on the comics series of the same name created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo. It was directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Neil Patrick Harris, Jayma Mays, Sofa Vergara, and Hank Azaria, with the voices of Jona...

Yogi Bear(2010) - Yogi Bear is a 2010 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film directed by Eric Brevig and written for the screen by Brad Copeland, Joshua Sternin and Jeffrey Ventimilia. Based on the 1961 animated television series The Yogi Bear Show and the character of the same name created by William...

Silent Madness(1984) - After a computer glitch accidentally releases a homicidal maniac, his doctor and some hospital staff track a trail of bodies to the sorority house where the killer committed his earlier crimes.

Space Chimps(2008) - Jeff Daniels, Stanley Tucci, Cheryl Hines, and Andy Samberg lend their voices to this computer-animated comedy following the descendants of the first chimps in space as they blast off for fun and adventure on a far-away planet. Ham III (Samberg) is the grandson of Ham, the first-ever chimp astronaut...

https://myanimelist.net/anime/14317/Computer_Kakumei__Saikyou_x_Saisoku_no_Zunou_Tanjou -- Sci-Fi

https://myanimelist.net/anime/27957/Steins_Gate__Soumei_Eichi_no_Cognitive_Computing --

https://myanimelist.net/anime/3936/Personal_Computer_Travel_Tanteidan -- Kids, Adventure, Historical, Sci-Fi

2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) ::: 8.3/10 -- G | 2h 29min | Adventure, Sci-Fi | 12 May 1968 (UK) -- After discovering a mysterious artifact buried beneath the Lunar surface, mankind sets off on a quest to find its origins with help from intelligent supercomputer H.A.L. 9000. Director: Stanley Kubrick Writers:

23 (1998) ::: 7.3/10 -- 1h 39min | Thriller, Drama | 14 January 1999 (Germany) -- When the orphaned Karl Koch and his friend David start breaking into government and military computers, an acquaintance senses that there is money in computer cracking - and travels to east Berlin to try to contact the KGB. Director: Hans-Christian Schmid Writers: Michael Dierking, Michael Gutmann | 1 more credit

Abstract: The Art of Design ::: TV-14 | 45min | Documentary | TV Series (2017 ) -- A look beyond blueprints and computers into the art and science of design, showcasing great designers from every discipline whose work shapes our world. Stars:

All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace ::: 1h | Documentary | TV Mini-Series (2011) Episode Guide 3 episodes All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace Poster A series of films about how humans have been colonized by the machines we have built. Although we don't realize it, the way we see everything in the world today is through the eyes of the computers. Stars: Adam Curtis, Stewart Brand, Peder Anker

Chobits ::: TV-14 | Animation, Comedy, Drama | TV Series (20022003) -- Hideki finds the discarded and malfunctioning Persocom Chi, a personal computer that looks like a girl. While trying to fix and care for Chi, Hideki discovers that she might be a Chobits, a robot of urban legend that has free will. Stars:

Chuck ::: TV-14 | 43min | Action, Comedy, Drama | TV Series (20072012) -- When a twenty-something computer geek inadvertently downloads critical government secrets into his brain, the C.I.A. and the N.S.A. assign two agents to protect him and exploit such knowledge, turning his life upside down. Creators:

Code Lyoko ::: TV-Y7 | 26min | Animation, Action, Adventure | TV Series (2003-2007) Episode Guide 97 episodes Code Lyoko Poster -- When a group of four boarding school students discover a supercomputer housed inside an abandoned factory, they find a virtual world called Lyoko and awaken a sentient multi-agent system virus that tries to take over the real world. Creator:

Code Lyoko ::: TV-Y7 | 26min | Animation, Action, Adventure | TV Series (20032007) -- When a group of four boarding school students discover a supercomputer housed inside an abandoned factory, they find a virtual world called Lyoko and awaken a sentient multi-agent system virus that tries to take over the real world. Creator:

Colossus: The Forbin Project (1970) ::: 7.1/10 -- M | 1h 40min | Sci-Fi, Thriller | 8 April 1970 (USA) -- Thinking this will prevent war, the US government gives an impenetrable supercomputer total control over launching nuclear missiles. But what the computer does with the power is unimaginable to its creators. Director: Joseph Sargent Writers:

Cyberbully (2015) ::: 6.8/10 -- 1h 2min | Crime, Drama, Mystery | TV Movie 15 January 2015 -- A British teenager is forced by a computer hacker to do his bidding. If she refuses, the hacker will leak compromising photos of her to the public. Director: Ben Chanan Writers: Ben Chanan, David Lobatto Stars:

Desk Set (1957) ::: 7.3/10 -- Approved | 1h 43min | Comedy, Romance | 2 August 1957 (West Germany) -- Two extremely strong personalities clash over the computerization of a television network's research department. Director: Walter Lang Writers: Phoebe Ephron (screenplay), Henry Ephron (screenplay) | 1 more credit

Do You Trust This Computer? (2018) ::: 7.4/10 -- 1h 18min | Documentary | 5 April 2018 (USA) -- Artificial Intelligence: Monster or Shangri-La? Director: Chris Paine Writer: Mark Monroe

.hack//SIGN ::: TV-14 | 25min | Animation, Action, Adventure | TV Series (2002-2003) Episode Guide 28 episodes .hack//SIGN Poster -- A strange boy named Tsukasa appears in the online video game "The World". He claims to be alive, and without a computer. Stars: Megumi Toyoguchi, Kazuhiro Nakata, Amanda Winn Lee | See full cast &

Intelligence -- 42min | Action, Drama, Sci-Fi | TV Series (2014) ::: A high-tech intelligence operative, enhanced with a super-computer microchip in his brain, aids an elite government cyber-security agency in special missions. Creator:

Jake 2.0 ::: 1h | Drama, Sci-Fi | TV Series (20032004) Jake Foley is a computer technician for the N.S.A., who secretly longs for a chance to work in the field. Circumstance puts him in a top secret laboratory, in the middle of a shoot-out ... S Creator: Silvio Horta Stars:

Moneyball (2011) ::: 7.6/10 -- PG-13 | 2h 13min | Biography, Drama, Sport | 23 September 2011 (USA) -- Oakland A's general manager Billy Beane's successful attempt to assemble a baseball team on a lean budget by employing computer-generated analysis to acquire new players. Director: Bennett Miller Writers:

Moon (2009) ::: 7.9/10 -- R | 1h 37min | Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi | 10 July 2009 (USA) -- Astronaut Sam Bell has a quintessentially personal encounter toward the end of his three-year stint on the Moon, where he, working alongside his computer, GERTY, sends back to Earth parcels of a resource that has helped diminish our planet's power problems. Director: Duncan Jones Writers:

Natural City (2003) ::: 5.7/10 -- Naechureol siti (original title) -- Natural City Poster In the year 2080, the world is connected by a massive computer network. Combiners have developed a process that allows them to merge the souls of human and machine/cyborg, wreaking havoc in... S Director: Byung-chun Min Writers: Jae-rim Han (screenplay adaptation), Byung-chun Min

Psycho-Pass ::: TV-MA | 25min | Animation, Action, Crime | TV Series (2012- ) Episode Guide 41 episodes Psycho-Pass Poster -- Believing in humanity and order, policewoman Akane Tsunemori obeys the ruling, computerized, precognitive Sibyl System. But when she faces a criminal mastermind who can elude this "perfect" system, she questions both Sibyl and herself. Creator:

ReBoot ::: TV-Y7 | 30min | Animation, Action, Adventure | TV Series (19942001) -- In the inner computer world of Mainframe, a guardian program sprite and his friends defend the system from threats from viruses and the User. Creators: Gavin Blair, John Grace, Philip Mitchell | 1 more credit

Resident Evil (2002) ::: 6.7/10 -- R | 1h 40min | Action, Horror, Sci-Fi | 15 March 2002 (USA) -- A special military unit fights a powerful, out-of-control supercomputer and hundreds of scientists who have mutated into flesh-eating creatures after a laboratory accident. Director: Paul W.S. Anderson Writer:

Schoolhouse Rock! ::: TV-Y | 3min | Animation, Short, Family | TV Series (19732009) -- A series of shorts illustrating various songs that teach multiplication tables, grammar, science, American history, computers, economics, and environmentalism. Stars:

Tehran ::: TV-MA | 45min | Drama, Thriller | TV Series (2020 ) -- A Mossad agent embarks on her first mission as a computer hacker in her home town of Tehran. Creators: Dana Eden, Maor Kohn, Omri Shenhar | 2 more credits

Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles ::: TV-PG | 1h | Action, Drama, Fantasy | TV Series (20082009) -- Set after the events in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Sarah Connor and her son, John, try to stay under-the-radar from the government, as they plot to destroy the computer network, Skynet, in hopes of preventing Armageddon. Creator:

The Girl Who Played with Fire (2009) ::: 7.2/10 -- Flickan som lekte med elden (original title) -- The Girl Who Played with Fire Poster -- As computer hacker Lisbeth and journalist Mikael investigate a sex-trafficking ring, Lisbeth is accused of three murders, causing her to go on the run while Mikael works to clear her name. Director: Daniel Alfredson Writers:

The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011) ::: 7.8/10 -- R | 2h 38min | Crime, Drama, Mystery | 21 December 2011 (USA) -- Journalist Mikael Blomkvist is aided in his search for a woman who has been missing for forty years by Lisbeth Salander, a young computer hacker. Director: David Fincher Writers:

The Matrix (1999) ::: 8.7/10 -- R | 2h 16min | Action, Sci-Fi | 31 March 1999 (USA) -- When a beautiful stranger leads computer hacker Neo to a forbidding underworld, he discovers the shocking truth--the life he knows is the elaborate deception of an evil cyber-intelligence. Directors: Lana Wachowski (as The Wachowski Brothers), Lilly Wachowski (as The Wachowski Brothers) Writers:

The Method (2005) ::: 7.2/10 -- El mtodo (original title) -- The Method Poster -- 7 Spanish top corporate job candidates are left in a room and informed on computer screens about their tasks and that one of them is an observer. Let the psyching begin. Director: Marcelo Pieyro Writers:

The Sarah Jane Adventures ::: TV-PG | 1h | Family, Sci-Fi | TV Series (20072020) -- Investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith, with the help of her adopted son, his friends, and an intelligent supercomputer, combats evil alien forces here on Earth. Creator:

The Signal (2014) ::: 6.1/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 37min | Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi | 10 July 2014 (Germany) -- On a road trip, Nic and two friends are drawn to an isolated area by a computer genius. When everything suddenly goes dark, Nic regains consciousness - only to find himself in a waking nightmare. Director: William Eubank Writers:

The Thirteenth Floor (1999) ::: 7.1/10 -- R | 1h 40min | Mystery, Sci-Fi, Thriller | 28 May 1999 (USA) -- A computer scientist running a virtual reality simulation of 1937 becomes the primary suspect when his colleague and mentor is murdered. Director: Josef Rusnak Writers: Daniel F. Galouye (book) (as Daniel Galouye), Josef Rusnak (screenplay)

The Zero Theorem (2013) ::: 6.1/10 -- R | 1h 47min | Comedy, Drama, Fantasy | 19 August 2014 (USA) -- A hugely talented but socially isolated computer operator is tasked by Management to prove the Zero Theorem: that the universe ends as nothing, rendering life meaningless. But meaning is what he already craves. Director: Terry Gilliam Writers:

TRON (1982) ::: 6.8/10 -- PG | 1h 36min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi | 9 July 1982 (USA) -- A computer hacker is abducted into the digital world and forced to participate in gladiatorial games where his only chance of escape is with the help of a heroic security program. Director: Steven Lisberger Writers:

TRON: Uprising ::: TV-Y7 | 30min | Animation, Action, Adventure | TV Series (20122013) -- In the computer world of the Grid, a young program joins Tron's fight against their world's tyranny. Creators: Adam Horowitz, Edward Kitsis, Steven Lisberger | 1 more credit

Upgrade (2018) ::: 7.5/10 -- R | 1h 40min | Action, Sci-Fi, Thriller | 1 June 2018 (USA) -- Set in the near-future, technology controls nearly all aspects of life. But when the world of Grey, a self-labeled technophobe, is turned upside down, his only hope for revenge is an experimental computer chip implant. Director: Leigh Whannell Writer:

WarGames (1983) ::: 7.1/10 -- PG | 1h 54min | Action, Adventure, Drama | 3 June 1983 (USA) -- A young man finds a back door into a military central computer in which reality is confused with game-playing, possibly starting World War III. Director: John Badham Writers: Lawrence Lasker, Walter F. Parkes

Weird Science (1985) ::: 6.6/10 -- PG-13 | 1h 34min | Comedy, Romance, Sci-Fi | 2 August 1985 (USA) -- Two high school nerds use a computer program to literally create the perfect woman, but she turns their lives upside down. Director: John Hughes Writer: John Hughes

Weird Science ::: Approved | 30min | Comedy, Fantasy, Sci-Fi | TV Series (19941998) Gary Wallace and Wyatt Donnelly create their dream woman, Lisa, on their computer. Lisa has extraordinary powers and can grant the boys their wishes for short periods of time. Creators: Alan Cross, Tom Spezialy Stars:

Who Am I (2014) ::: 7.6/10 -- Who Am I - Kein System ist sicher (original title) -- (Germany) Who Am I Poster -- Benjamin, a young German computer whiz, is invited to join a subversive hacker group that wants to be noticed on the world's stage. Director: Baran bo Odar Writers:

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Ai no Kusabi (2012) -- -- AIC -- 4 eps -- Light novel -- Drama Romance Sci-Fi Yaoi -- Ai no Kusabi (2012) Ai no Kusabi (2012) -- The story is set in the future on the planet named Amoi which is controlled by a supercomputer named Jupiter. Among the mostly male human population, the light-haired elite class is allowed to temporarily keep the dark-haired "mongrels" as pets. One elite member, Iason, encounters a mongrel named Riki in the slums and decides to take him in. However, Iason keeps Riki longer than it is socially approved, and rumors abound about their possible relationship. -- -- Licensor: -- Media Blasters -- OVA - Jan 18, 2012 -- 28,949 6.63

Ai no Kusabi (2012) -- -- AIC -- 4 eps -- Light novel -- Drama Romance Sci-Fi Yaoi -- Ai no Kusabi (2012) Ai no Kusabi (2012) -- The story is set in the future on the planet named Amoi which is controlled by a supercomputer named Jupiter. Among the mostly male human population, the light-haired elite class is allowed to temporarily keep the dark-haired "mongrels" as pets. One elite member, Iason, encounters a mongrel named Riki in the slums and decides to take him in. However, Iason keeps Riki longer than it is socially approved, and rumors abound about their possible relationship. -- OVA - Jan 18, 2012 -- 28,949 6.63

Ai no Kusabi -- -- AIC -- 2 eps -- Light novel -- Drama Romance Sci-Fi Yaoi -- Ai no Kusabi Ai no Kusabi -- On the planet Amoi, a person's status is primarily dictated by the color of their hair. This society is run by the AI supercomputer known as Jupiter and its governing board of perfect blondes, referred to as Blondies, living in the capital city of Tanagura. However, the darker-haired humans live out their lives in the golden "pleasure city" of Midas and its outlying slum Ceres. They are known as "mongrels," and most cannot progress out of the slums. -- -- Three years ago, a boy named Riki disappeared from the slums of Ceres. Once the revered leader of the gang Bison, a sudden encounter with an elite Blondie, Iason Mink, forced Riki to abandon everything he had cultivated. The boy was snatched from his home and forced to become Iason's pet. Riki has spent the past three years enduring numerous blows to his pride, his time in Tanagura nothing but a form of torture. -- -- Now that Riki has returned, Bison once again rallies behind him. The risk he finds himself in, however, is much greater than ever before—there is always someone ready to sell him out. -- -- OVA - Aug 1, 1992 -- 32,431 7.12

Akira (Shin Anime) -- -- Sunrise -- ? eps -- Manga -- Action Military Sci-Fi Supernatural Seinen -- Akira (Shin Anime) Akira (Shin Anime) -- A new anime adaptation for Otomo's highly acclaimed post-apocalyptic cyberpunk manga series Akira. -- -- (Source: MAL News) -- - - ??? ??, ???? -- 12,362 N/A -- -- Plastic Little -- -- animate Film -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Adventure Comedy Ecchi Mecha Military Romance Sci-Fi -- Plastic Little Plastic Little -- Set on the planet Yietta, whose colonists make their living by exploiting the planet's unique liquid-gas oceans, Plastic Little begins as the Yietans are finally about to pay off their debts to the Galactic Federation. Unfortunately, there are those who would rather not let Yietta slip through their fingers... -- -- Enter Tita, 17 year old captain of the Cha Cha Maru. Together with her crew, Tita specializes in capturing Yietta's exotic life forms for intergalactic pet shops, but through plain bad luck she finds herself, instead, at the core of a sinister plot to take over Yietta! By rescuing 16 year old Elysse from the very clutches of the military, Tita puts the lives of both herself and her crew in mortal peril... but a girl's got to do what a girl's got to do! -- -- As the plotters mobilize their forces in a desperate bid to retrieve Elysse, whom they believe possesses a vital computer code, Tita must play a dangerous game of tag with an entire army of professional killers! It's Cat and Mouse on a planetwide scale, with one crucial difference: Mice don't shoot back, but Tita's does! -- -- (Source: AnimeNfo) -- -- Licensor: -- ADV Films -- OVA - Mar 21, 1994 -- 12,320 6.13

Aquarion Logos -- -- Satelight -- 26 eps -- Original -- Action Comedy Drama Fantasy Mecha Romance Sci-Fi -- Aquarion Logos Aquarion Logos -- For thousands of years after its development, mankind used the written word for communication between people and generations. As millenia passed and technology became more prevalent, writing - and thus, communication as a whole - diminished, until it could only be found on cell phones and computer screens. Seeing an opportunity, the sorcerer Sogan Kenzaki starts infecting words with the Nesta Virus, which brings them to life and turns them into monsters called MJBK (Menace of Japanese with Biological Kinetic energy). -- -- To counter this attack against humanity, an organization known as DEAVA (Division of EArth Verbalism Ability) assembles a group of youths with the ability of "Verbalism". They have to pilot the vector machines, which are used to form the mechas dubbed "Aquarions". The one wild card in the situation is the self-dubbed "savior", a young man who is the direct relative of a famous calligrapher, named Akira Kaibuki. -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- 20,066 5.71

Arve Rezzle: Kikaijikake no Yousei-tachi -- -- Zexcs -- 1 ep -- Light novel -- Action Drama Mystery Sci-Fi Thriller -- Arve Rezzle: Kikaijikake no Yousei-tachi Arve Rezzle: Kikaijikake no Yousei-tachi -- One day, when Remu Mikage is on a video call with his sister, Shiki, who has traveled to the futuristic Okinotori-island Mega Float City for school, she confesses that both the audio and visuals of her are completely artificial. In order to be more efficient in her studies, Shiki has used neural-linked nanomachines to upload her consciousness onto a computer and is storing her physical body in a "body pool." While shocked, Remu is supportive of his sister's decision, until the disaster known as the "Early Rapture" happens. -- -- The Early Rapture causes everyone who has uploaded their consciousnesses to either fall into a coma or perish. Remu visits his sister's empty apartment one last time, but is shocked when Shiki arrives at the door. With no memory of her family or past, and being pursued by a violent group of researchers, Shiki and her brother are forced to flee using her newfound power of nanomachine manipulation. -- -- Movie - Mar 2, 2013 -- 24,206 6.29

Bokura no -- -- Gonzo -- 24 eps -- Manga -- Sci-Fi Psychological Drama Mecha Seinen -- Bokura no Bokura no -- 15 children, 8 boys and 7 girls, are enjoying their summer camp together when they suddenly discover a grotto by the sea. When they enter the mysterious place they find a room full of computers, as well as a man named Kokopelli, who introduces himself as the owner. He claims to be working on a game which involves a giant robot that has been designed to protect the Earth from 15 different alien invasions. Kokopelli hasn't been able to test the game yet, so he persuades all but one of the children to sign a contract in what he claims will be a fun adventure. -- -- However, as soon as the contracts are signed things start to take a much darker turn. In Bokurano, the children must now pilot the giant robot Zearth one at a time in the hopes that they will have what it takes to defeat all of the upcoming enemies. But Kokopelli has left out one very important piece of information: the giant robot Zearth's energy source. -- -- Licensor: -- Discotek Media -- 154,492 7.65

Burn Up Excess -- -- Magic Bus -- 13 eps -- Original -- Action Adventure Comedy Ecchi Police Sci-Fi Shounen -- Burn Up Excess Burn Up Excess -- Follows the exploits of Team Warrior, a special anti-terror wing of the Neo-Tokyo Police force. Team Warrior is comprised of the habitually broke Rio, gun-crazy Maya, computer specialist Lillica, tech-expert Nanvel, piliot/voyeur Yuji, and is led by the enigmatic Maki. The team faces a number of missions, ranging from bodyguard duty, breaking up robbery and arms rackets, and providing security for a very powerful tank. Rio and company continually thwart the terrorist aims of Ruby, an operative for a shadowy cabal of powerful men. Before the final showdown, the circumstances behind the formation of Team Warrior, how the precocious Rio came to join it, and Maki's painful past will be revealed. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- ADV Films -- TV - Dec 12, 1997 -- 9,423 6.54

Buttobi!! CPU -- -- OLM -- 3 eps -- Manga -- Comedy Ecchi Magic Sci-Fi Seinen -- Buttobi!! CPU Buttobi!! CPU -- Embarrassed to be the only member of the Electric Brain Study Society who doesn’t own a computer, Akira Takaoka is thrilled when an electronics store advertises a PC9821 for only ninety-eight thousand yen. The deal is limited to the first five customers; unfortunately, by the time Akira gets there, the PCs are sold out. However, a mysterious man in the back alley offers him the exact same deal. Akira takes the deal, only to realize that this PC is not a 9821 version, but a 2198 version instead. It turns out that the PC2198 is an advanced bio-type computer that needs a nearly constant input of sperm to function! -- -- The PC2198, named Mimi, now has to defend Akira from the evil Apple Nacintosh sisters who want to take over the entire Japanese PC market. Will the embarrassed Akira be able to supply Mimi with what she needs to win? -- -- -- Licensor: -- Nozomi Entertainment -- OVA - Apr 25, 1997 -- 7,086 6.23

Chobits -- -- Madhouse -- 26 eps -- Manga -- Sci-Fi Comedy Drama Romance Ecchi Seinen -- Chobits Chobits -- When computers start to look like humans, can love remain the same? -- -- Hideki Motosuwa is a young country boy who is studying hard to get into college. Coming from a poor background, he can barely afford the expenses, let alone the newest fad: Persocoms, personal computers that look exactly like human beings. One evening while walking home, he finds an abandoned Persocom. After taking her home and managing to activate her, she seems to be defective, as she can only say one word, "Chii," which eventually becomes her name. Unlike other Persocoms, however, Chii cannot download information onto her hard drive, so Hideki decides to teach her about the world the old-fashioned way, while studying for his college entrance exams at the same time. -- -- Along with his friends, Hideki tries to unravel the mystery of Chii, who may be a "Chobit," an urban legend about special units that have real human emotions and thoughts, and love toward their owner. But can romance flourish between a Persocom and a human? -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation, Geneon Entertainment USA -- 410,390 7.43

Corrector Yui -- -- Nippon Animation -- 52 eps -- Original -- Sci-Fi Adventure Comedy Magic -- Corrector Yui Corrector Yui -- Yui is an average schoolgirl who lives in a future where all computers are supported by a single global network known as COMNET. Yui is a computer-illiterate girl who after a computer-lab accident is approached by IR, a raccoon looking corrector computer program, which tells her she must save COMNET. She must stop the rogue A.I. (Artificial Intelligence) computer program known as Grosser and his hench-programs from taking over the world. Grosser was originally designed to be that manager of all of COMNET. At first she's very reluctant to play the heroine because of her complete lack of knowledge and ability with computers. To save COMNET she must find and gain the trust of the other seven wayward corrector programs. They must also find the creator or COMNET Professor Inukai, to help stop Grosser for good. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- VIZ Media -- 12,488 6.82

Cowboy Bebop -- -- Sunrise -- 26 eps -- Original -- Action Adventure Comedy Drama Sci-Fi Space -- Cowboy Bebop Cowboy Bebop -- In the year 2071, humanity has colonized several of the planets and moons of the solar system leaving the now uninhabitable surface of planet Earth behind. The Inter Solar System Police attempts to keep peace in the galaxy, aided in part by outlaw bounty hunters, referred to as "Cowboys." The ragtag team aboard the spaceship Bebop are two such individuals. -- -- Mellow and carefree Spike Spiegel is balanced by his boisterous, pragmatic partner Jet Black as the pair makes a living chasing bounties and collecting rewards. Thrown off course by the addition of new members that they meet in their travels—Ein, a genetically engineered, highly intelligent Welsh Corgi; femme fatale Faye Valentine, an enigmatic trickster with memory loss; and the strange computer whiz kid Edward Wong—the crew embarks on thrilling adventures that unravel each member's dark and mysterious past little by little. -- -- Well-balanced with high density action and light-hearted comedy, Cowboy Bebop is a space Western classic and an homage to the smooth and improvised music it is named after. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Bandai Entertainment, Funimation -- 1,316,661 8.77

Digimon Adventure 02: Diablomon no Gyakushuu -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Adventure Comedy Drama Kids Sci-Fi -- Digimon Adventure 02: Diablomon no Gyakushuu Digimon Adventure 02: Diablomon no Gyakushuu -- After the events of 02, everything is finally getting back to normal. That is, until a strangely familiar icon starts showing up on computer systems around the Japan. And not just computer systems... TVs, mobile phones, video games; anything with a screen with online capabilities. And this icon seems to be looking for somone... Yagami Taichi, and Ishida Yamato, who defeated it several years before. Yes, it turns out that this jellyfish digimon is in fact Diablomon, the Virus-type Digimon that was defeated in the second movie. But this time, he's learned to make himself physical, and is sending thousands of copies of himself into the real world. -- -- Koushiro and Ken devise a plan to rid the world of the virus once and for all, but it'll take the help of all the Destined, past and present. Once again, it's a race against time to put a stop to Diablomon's plot... but even that is cloaked in shadow. -- -- Will the revival of Omagamon be enough to stop Diablomon a second time, or will the millions of copies prove enough of a power boost to shrug off the "Digimon Champion of Justice"? Of course, he hasn't seen the new breed of Chosen, nor the new techniques. It's a fight to the finish, with the destruction of Tokyo resting on the line. -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- -- Licensor: -- Saban Brands -- Movie - Mar 3, 2001 -- 46,582 7.28

Digimon Adventure: Bokura no War Game! -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Sci-Fi Adventure Comedy Kids -- Digimon Adventure: Bokura no War Game! Digimon Adventure: Bokura no War Game! -- This movie takes place after the Adventure series ends. It begins when a new Digimon Egg is found on the internet, and manages to penetrate into almost every computer system in Japan. When the egg hatches, it's identified as a new kind of Digimon, a Virus-type. It sustains itself by eating data from various system, and starts wreaking havok in Japan. As it consumes more and more data, it continues to evolve. And Taichi and Koushiro decide it's time to stop it. -- -- They're off, sending Agumon and Tentomon through the internet to fight off this new enemy. But, with the Virus controlling systems like the American military, all too soon, this digital menace may become all too real. Calling in the help of Yamato and Takeru, they hope that they can stop what's already begun, and maybe save this world a second time. -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- -- Licensor: -- Saban Entertainment -- Movie - Mar 4, 2000 -- 64,759 7.77

Digimon Adventure Movie -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Fantasy Kids Sci-Fi -- Digimon Adventure Movie Digimon Adventure Movie -- A brother and sister discover the digital world is more than 1s and 0s when a living creature arrives out of the family computer. The adventures of a group of children start with the appearance of a Digital Monster in the real world. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Saban Entertainment -- Movie - Mar 6, 1999 -- 98,236 7.57

Digimon Adventure Movie -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Fantasy Kids Sci-Fi -- Digimon Adventure Movie Digimon Adventure Movie -- A brother and sister discover the digital world is more than 1s and 0s when a living creature arrives out of the family computer. The adventures of a group of children start with the appearance of a Digital Monster in the real world. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- Movie - Mar 6, 1999 -- 98,236 7.57

Digimon Tamers: Boukensha-tachi no Tatakai -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Adventure Drama Sci-Fi Shounen -- Digimon Tamers: Boukensha-tachi no Tatakai Digimon Tamers: Boukensha-tachi no Tatakai -- Takato and Guilmon go on vacation to Okinawa and meet a fellow tamer, Minami. Back in Japan, a popular computer pet suddenly becomes a virus, infecting all of the computers who have it. As the virus spreads, Takato tries to figure out why digimon are all attacking his new friend, and what her connection is to the virus. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Saban Brands -- Movie - Jul 14, 2001 -- 18,897 6.98

Digimon Tamers: Boukensha-tachi no Tatakai -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Adventure Drama Sci-Fi Shounen -- Digimon Tamers: Boukensha-tachi no Tatakai Digimon Tamers: Boukensha-tachi no Tatakai -- Takato and Guilmon go on vacation to Okinawa and meet a fellow tamer, Minami. Back in Japan, a popular computer pet suddenly becomes a virus, infecting all of the computers who have it. As the virus spreads, Takato tries to figure out why digimon are all attacking his new friend, and what her connection is to the virus. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- Movie - Jul 14, 2001 -- 18,897 6.98

Digimon X-Evolution -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Adventure Fantasy Sci-Fi -- Digimon X-Evolution Digimon X-Evolution -- A virtual world was created by the present-day network called the "Digital World." The "Digital Monster," which is a digital life object, was born, and the host computer Yggdrasil managed the different Digital World areas. However, it developed the X Program of fear to eliminate all Digimon in the old world and develop a new Digital World for only certain Digimon... Now, the greatest crisis ever approaches the Digital World. -- -- The X-Digimon, a new type of Digital Monster, is hunted by the Royal Knights who protect the Digital Worlds. Their master, the network overseer Yggdrasil, seeks to set in motion Project Ark to renew the Digital Worlds and create new Digimon, but at the cost of all other digital life. This new X-Digimon will seek out the answers to its own existence as it tries to protect the life of all Digimon, and in the process it will change the Digital Worlds forever. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- Movie - Jan 3, 2005 -- 18,291 7.10

Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei -- -- animate Film -- 1 ep -- Light novel -- Adventure Mystery Horror Demons Psychological Supernatural Drama Fantasy School -- Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei -- Akemi Nakajima, is a high school student with a genius talent for computer programming. -- One day, Yumiko Shirasagi is transferred to the same class as him. She feels she knows Nakajima from somewhere, but doesn't try to deal with it. After school, Nakajima and a couple of classmates held a ceremony to summon the devil. Nakajima summons the devil Loki on the computer display while presenting a female offering. What will happen to Yumiko, who witnessed the scene? -- -- (Source: Official site, edited) -- OVA - Mar 25, 1987 -- 5,914 5.20

Dragon Ball Z Movie 07: Kyokugen Battle!! Sandai Super Saiyajin -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Adventure Comedy Fantasy Sci-Fi Shounen -- Dragon Ball Z Movie 07: Kyokugen Battle!! Sandai Super Saiyajin Dragon Ball Z Movie 07: Kyokugen Battle!! Sandai Super Saiyajin -- Dr. Gero's Androids #13, #14, and #15 are awakened by the laboratory computers and immediately head to the mall where Goku is shopping. After Goku, Trunks, and Vegeta defeat #14 and #15, #13 absorbs their inner computers and becomes a super being greater than the original three separately were. Now it is up to Goku to stop him. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- Movie - Jul 11, 1992 -- 96,252 6.87

Dragon Ball Z Movie 07: Kyokugen Battle!! Sandai Super Saiyajin -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Adventure Comedy Fantasy Sci-Fi Shounen -- Dragon Ball Z Movie 07: Kyokugen Battle!! Sandai Super Saiyajin Dragon Ball Z Movie 07: Kyokugen Battle!! Sandai Super Saiyajin -- Dr. Gero's Androids #13, #14, and #15 are awakened by the laboratory computers and immediately head to the mall where Goku is shopping. After Goku, Trunks, and Vegeta defeat #14 and #15, #13 absorbs their inner computers and becomes a super being greater than the original three separately were. Now it is up to Goku to stop him. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- Movie - Jul 11, 1992 -- 96,252 6.87

ēlDLIVE -- -- Studio Pierrot -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Space Police Shounen -- ēlDLIVE ēlDLIVE -- Chuuta Kokonose is an orphan who lives with his aunt. For as long as he can remember, he's had a voice in his head, but other than that he's a normal boy—right until the day when a strange-looking thing follows him home and teleports him to a place filled with more fantastic creatures. It's a space police station, and Rein Brickke, the Chief of Solar System Department, tells him that he's been chosen by the computer as a possible candidate to join the police force. Misuzu Sonokata, a girl from Chuuta's school with an angelic face and ill temper who turns out to be one of Rein Brickke's subordinates, doesn't think him suitable for such a job. Chuuta, who was shocked at first, decides to take the aptitude test after being urged by the voice in his head and to prove Misuzu wrong. -- 42,658 6.14

ēlDLIVE -- -- Studio Pierrot -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Space Police Shounen -- ēlDLIVE ēlDLIVE -- Chuuta Kokonose is an orphan who lives with his aunt. For as long as he can remember, he's had a voice in his head, but other than that he's a normal boy—right until the day when a strange-looking thing follows him home and teleports him to a place filled with more fantastic creatures. It's a space police station, and Rein Brickke, the Chief of Solar System Department, tells him that he's been chosen by the computer as a possible candidate to join the police force. Misuzu Sonokata, a girl from Chuuta's school with an angelic face and ill temper who turns out to be one of Rein Brickke's subordinates, doesn't think him suitable for such a job. Chuuta, who was shocked at first, decides to take the aptitude test after being urged by the voice in his head and to prove Misuzu wrong. -- -- Licensor: -- Crunchyroll, Funimation -- 42,658 6.14

Extra -- -- Studio 4°C -- 1 ep -- - -- Action Sci-Fi Music Dementia Horror -- Extra Extra -- Animation veteran and Studio 4°C collaborator Koji Morimoto teamed up with techo artist Ken Ishii for this AMV. -- -- "EXTRA" is a random cross talk about computer, music, images, and Internet by two authors working on their first collaboration in techno music and animation. This short animation which is stored on CD-ROM and immediately shakes the viewer with question as to what the word of the title, "EXTRA," means. -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- Music - Jan 1, 1995 -- 3,971 5.96

Fate/Extra: Last Encore -- -- Shaft -- 10 eps -- Game -- Action Fantasy Magic -- Fate/Extra: Last Encore Fate/Extra: Last Encore -- A technological hell masquerading as paradise, Tsukimihara Academy is an artificial high school that serves as the setting for the next Holy Grail War. Created by the Moon Cell computer, the school is inhabited by Earth-projected souls who have even the slightest aptitude for being a "Master." Of these 256 souls, 128 will be chosen for the main tournament and granted a Servant. With all of the Masters selected, the Academy activates a purge, targeting the remaining lifeforms for elimination. -- -- Awakening in a pool of his own blood, Hakuno Kishinami refuses to die. Fueled by unknown feelings of hatred, he vows to fight for survival. As he struggles to escape from a relentless pursuer, he finds a crimson blade plunged into the ground; and by pulling it out, Hakuno summons his own Servant, Saber, who instantly destroys his pursuer in a flurry of rose petals. With his newfound power, Hakuno must now begin his journey to Moon Cell's core, the Angelica Cage. There, he will unveil the reason for this artificial world and the secrets of his own blood-soaked past. -- -- 165,564 6.29

Galerians: Rion -- -- - -- 3 eps -- - -- Adventure Drama Horror Military Mystery Psychological Sci-Fi Shounen Supernatural -- Galerians: Rion Galerians: Rion -- Six years have passed since Rion discovered his own identity as an artificial being, yet succeeded in destroying the genocidal Mother Computer, Dorothy, before perishing himself. Now reactivated by Lilia, Rion awakens to find that Dorothy managed to execute one final catastrophic program, rendering a new evil crew to finish her goal of human annihilation. It is a fully 3D CGI animated OVA based on the hit PlayStation game, called Galerians, released in August, 1999. -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- OVA - Apr 24, 2002 -- 2,852 5.48

Ginga Patrol PJ -- -- Eiken -- 26 eps -- - -- Drama Military Sci-Fi Space -- Ginga Patrol PJ Ginga Patrol PJ -- Once Upon a Time... Space differs from the rest of the Once Upon a Time titles in the sense that the series revolve on a dramatic content rather than an educational premise. The series still has a handful of educational information (such as an episode discussing the rings of Planet Saturn). -- -- The series succeeds Once Upon a Time... Man. It reprises almost the entire totality of the characters of the previous series and adapts them into a science-fiction context. -- -- The story tells about the confrontation of many big galactic powers. Among them there is the Omega Confederation, of which Earth is a member of; the military republic of Cassiopée led by the general Le Teigneux; and a powerful supercomputer which controls an army of robots. Once Upon a Time... Space features the adventures of Pierrot (son of colonel Pierre and president Pierrette) and his friend Psi. -- TV - Oct 9, 1982 -- 882 6.63

.hack//The Movie: Sekai no Mukou ni -- -- Anima -- 1 ep -- Game -- Action Adventure Fantasy Game Magic Mystery Sci-Fi -- .hack//The Movie: Sekai no Mukou ni .hack//The Movie: Sekai no Mukou ni -- In 2024, the computer network prevails throughout daily life. Sora Yuuki is a 14-year-old girl. One day, she is invited to an online game "The World". After an accident in the game, the real world begins to deform. -- Movie - Jan 21, 2012 -- 16,358 7.13

Hand Maid May -- -- Production Reed, TNK -- 10 eps -- Original -- Comedy Ecchi Harem Romance Sci-Fi -- Hand Maid May Hand Maid May -- Saotome Kazuya is a computer whiz. One day his friend Nanbara, threatens him with a computer virus. Trying to stop the virus, Kazuya ends up making a special order. May is a cyberdoll that arrives at his door a few minutes later and she is 1/6th the size of a normal person, which makes for many awkward situations. Not to mention the fact Kazuya can't even afford to keep May. Cyberdyne is not satisfied with Kazuya's non-payments and will do anything to retrieve CBD May. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Geneon Entertainment USA -- 25,901 6.73

High School Agent -- -- J.C.Staff -- 2 eps -- Manga -- Action Drama Military -- High School Agent High School Agent -- Based on a manga by Tanimura Hitoshi, serialized in Comic Burger. -- -- Teenager Kanemori Kousuke is a secret agent for the international VN spy network. Using his computer hacking skills, he tracks international criminals. Later he goes after Neo-Nazis to the Arctic were they try to raise a U-boat with a sinister secret. -- -- (Source: The Anime Encyclopedia) -- OVA - Jul 1, 1987 -- 947 5.47

Hi no Tori -- -- Tezuka Productions -- 13 eps -- Manga -- Sci-Fi Adventure Historical Supernatural Drama -- Hi no Tori Hi no Tori -- From prehistoric times to the distant future, Hi no Tori portrays how the legendary immortal bird Phoenix acts as a witness and chronicler for the history of mankind's endless struggle in search of power, justice, and freedom. -- -- The Dawn -- Since time immemorial, people have sought out the legendary Phoenix for its blood, which is known to grant eternal life. Hearing about rumored Phoenix sightings in the Land of Fire, Himiko—the cruel queen of Yamatai obsessed with immortality—sends her army to conquer the nation and retrieve the creature. Young Nagi, his elder sister Hinaku, and her foreign husband Guzuri are the only survivors of the slaughter. But while Nagi is taken prisoner by the enemy, elsewhere, Hinaku has a shocking revelation. -- -- The Resurrection -- In a distant future where Earth has become uninhabitable, Leona undergoes surgery on a space station to recover from a deadly accident. However, while also suffering from amnesia, his brain is now half cybernetic and causes him to see people as formless scraps and robots as humans. Falling in love with Chihiro, a discarded robot, they escape together from the space station to prevent Chihiro from being destroyed. Yet as his lost memories gradually return, Leona will have to confront the painful truth about his past. -- -- The Transformation -- Yearning for independence, Sakon no Suke—the only daughter of a tyrant ruler—kills priestess Yao Bikuni, the sole person capable of curing her father's illness. Consequently, she and her faithful servant, Kahei, are unexpectedly confined to the temple grounds of Bikuni's sanctuary. While searching for a way out, Sakon no Suke assumes the priestess's position and uses a miraculous feather to heal all those reaching out for help. -- -- The Sun -- After his faction loses the war, Prince Harima's head is replaced with a wolf's. An old medicine woman who recognizes his bloodline assists him and the wounded General Azumi-no-muraji Saruta in escaping to Wah Land. But their arrival at a small Wah village is met with unexpected trouble as Houben, a powerful Buddhist monk, wants Harima dead. With the aid of the Ku clan wolf gods that protect the village's surroundings, he survives the murder attempt. After tensions settle, Saruta uses his established reputation in Wah to persuade the villagers to welcome Harima into their community. Over a period of time, Harima becomes the village's respected leader under the name Inugami no Sukune. But while the young prince adapts to his new role, he must remain vigilant as new dangers soon arise and threaten his recently acquired tranquility. -- -- The Future -- Life on Earth has gradually ceased to exist, with the survivors taking refuge in underground cities. To avoid human extinction, Doctor Saruta unsuccessfully tries to recreate life in his laboratory. However, the unexpected visit of Masato Yamanobe, his alien girlfriend Tamami, and his colleague Rock Holmes reveals a disturbing crisis: the computers that regulate the subterranean cities have initiated a nuclear war that will eliminate all of mankind. -- -- TV - Mar 21, 2004 -- 7,595 7.10

Hustle!! Tokitama-kun -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Original -- Dementia -- Hustle!! Tokitama-kun Hustle!! Tokitama-kun -- Director's description: "I want to show you a world that you have never seen." I think this is something that all computer graphics producers strive for. What to create?! How do you create it with computer graphics? The skill of drawing does not change that much when performed on a computer instead of paper. This work is a mixture of traditional cel-based animation, 3-D animation and 2-D computer graphics techniques, each with its own history and production standards. My theme for this production was "The Transformation of Time and Space." I used ToonShader and hand drawn animation to achieve the desired effect. I think that I have succeeded in creating a world that you have never seen. -- -- (Source: plaza.bunka.go.jp) -- Special - ??? ??, 1998 -- 644 4.33

Kagerou Daze: In a Day's -- -- Jumonji -- 1 ep -- Music -- Sci-Fi Slice of Life Comedy Supernatural Magic Romance -- Kagerou Daze: In a Day's Kagerou Daze: In a Day's -- Shintarou Kisaragi—a NEET who shut himself inside his room for 2 years—has been living his life normally until he met a cyber girl named Ene, who appeared in his computer screen when someone anonymously sent him a mysterious e-mail one year ago. One day, Ene had been messing with Shintaro's PC, which causes him have to go to the outside world for first time in two years. -- -- (Source: Official site) -- Movie - Nov 4, 2016 -- 14,035 6.19

Kashikokimono -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Original -- Music Dementia -- Kashikokimono Kashikokimono -- A combination of hand-drawn animation and computer-based generative animation exploring music and animation as a form of organic expression. Animated by Takahiro Hayakawa. -- Movie - ??? ??, 2004 -- 337 N/A -- -- Mechano: Scientific Attack Force -- -- - -- 3 eps -- - -- Comedy Dementia Fantasy Horror Music Parody -- Mechano: Scientific Attack Force Mechano: Scientific Attack Force -- Three 10-minute videos present a trippy view into the minds of their creators. Brought together by Pierre Taki of Denki Groove, Mechano: Scientific Attack Force features three shorts done in very different styles. -- -- The three short films are: -- -- "Plastic Gun Man" - a 3D Western spoof -- "World Meccano Triangle" - a music video reminiscent of '90s era screensavers -- "Haiirogaoka no Soridaijin" (translated as "Prime Minister of Gray Hill") - an anime-style animated video parody of Akira Mochizuki's famous 1977 manga, Yuuhi ga Oka no Souri Daijin -- OVA - Sep 1, 1995 -- 334 N/A -- -- Motion Lumine -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Dementia -- Motion Lumine Motion Lumine -- Furukawa Taku film. -- Movie - ??? ??, 1978 -- 334 4.75

Kiddy Grade -- -- Gonzo -- 24 eps -- Original -- Action Sci-Fi Super Power Ecchi Mecha -- Kiddy Grade Kiddy Grade -- In the distant future, humanity has taken to the skies and colonized many planets throughout the universe. An agency known as the Galactic Organization of Trade and Tariffs (GOTT) has been formed to maintain order. Within GOTT, a secret squad of enhanced human beings—known as the ES Unit—carry out secret missions to put a stop to major galactic crimes. Two such operatives are the lowly C-ranked Éclair and Lumière. -- -- Despite being on the bottom of the totem pole, the pair wield formidable powers: Éclair's superhuman strength and lipstick whip and Lumière's ability to take control of any computer. Together, they can take on any mission that GOTT throws at them. But as they complete more and more missions, the duo begin to uncover a major conspiracy that leaves them questioning everything they know about themselves and the entire galaxy. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- TV - Oct 9, 2002 -- 40,723 7.21

Kokoro Connect -- -- SILVER LINK. -- 13 eps -- Light novel -- Slice of Life Comedy Supernatural Drama Romance School -- Kokoro Connect Kokoro Connect -- When five students at Yamaboshi Academy realize that there are no clubs where they fit in, they band together to form the Student Cultural Society, or "StuCS" for short. The club consists of: Taichi Yaegashi, a hardcore wrestling fan; Iori Nagase, an indecisive optimist; Himeko Inaba, a calm computer genius; Yui Kiriyama, a petite karate practitioner; and Yoshifumi Aoki, the class clown. -- -- One day, Aoki and Yui experience a strange incident when, without warning, they switch bodies for a short period of time. As this supernatural phenomenon continues to occur randomly amongst the five friends, they begin to realize that it is not just fun and games. Now forced to become closer than ever, they soon discover each other's hidden secrets and emotional scars, which could end up tearing the StuCS and their friendship apart. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- 660,720 7.81

Koukaku Kidoutai 2.0 -- -- Production I.G -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Police Psychological Mecha Seinen -- Koukaku Kidoutai 2.0 Koukaku Kidoutai 2.0 -- Mamoru Oshii's first Ghost in the Shell cyberspace film will return to five Japanese theaters in an enhanced Ghost in the Shell 2.0 edition on July 12. The new edition will include new computer graphics and digital effects for some scenes and a reunion of most of the cast members for a new 6.1 surround sound recording. Academy-Award-winning sound mixer/editor Randy Thom (Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence, The Incredibles, The Right Stuff) has overseen the new soundtrack with Kenji Kawai's original music and a final mix that has been produced at Thom and Lucas Digital's Skywalker Sound studio in California. -- -- In the new edition, the enigmatic Puppet Master character will be played by Yoshiko Sakakibara (Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence's Harraway, Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex's Prime Minister Yoko Kayabuki). Iemasa Kayumi (Giant Robo's Chief Chuujou Shizuo, RahXephon's Ernst Von Bähbem) played the role in the original edition. -- -- The film will screen in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Sapporo. Not coincidentally, Oshii's latest film, The Sky Crawlers, will open one month after Ghost in the Shell 2.0 on August 2. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Manga Entertainment -- Movie - Jul 12, 2008 -- 78,796 8.01

Kubikiri Cycle: Aoiro Savant to Zaregototsukai -- -- Shaft -- 8 eps -- Novel -- Action Mystery Supernatural Drama -- Kubikiri Cycle: Aoiro Savant to Zaregototsukai Kubikiri Cycle: Aoiro Savant to Zaregototsukai -- Due to a mysterious disease, the genius Iria Akagami has been forced by her family to stay in a mansion on the isolated Wet Crow's Feather Island with only a handful of maids. To keep herself entertained, Iria invites a variety of fellow geniuses to stay as guests in her home, including computer savant Tomo Kunagisa and her unnamed assistant, skilled fortune-teller Maki Himena, famous artist Kanami Ibuki, academic scholar Akane Sonoyama, and renowned cook Yayoi Sashirono. -- -- These visits progress as normal until one of the guests is found gruesomely murdered in the night without a single clue as to the identity of the killer or a possible motive. Tensions rise between those on the island as the killer remains at large, and Tomo's assistant takes it upon himself to uncover the culprit's identity before the murderous events progress any further. -- -- OVA - Oct 26, 2016 -- 80,354 7.81

Lost Universe -- -- E&G Films -- 26 eps -- Light novel -- Adventure Comedy Drama Sci-Fi Shounen Space -- Lost Universe Lost Universe -- Millie Nocturne has one great goal in life: to be the best in the universe - at absolutely everything! But when she tries her hand at being the "best detective," she ends up an unwilling partner with two people who will change her life forever: Kane Blueriver, the psi-blade-wielding master of the starship Swordbreaker, and Canal, the smart-mouthed holographic image of the ship's computer. -- -- Join this unlikely trio on their adventures as they hurtle through space facing off against intergalactic crime lords, rogue starships, and hijackers dressed as chickens... and that's just the tip of the asteroid! -- -- (Source: RightStuf) -- -- Licensor: -- ADV Films, Nozomi Entertainment -- 14,072 7.02

Lupin III: Dead or Alive -- -- Tokyo Movie Shinsha -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Adventure Mystery Comedy Seinen -- Lupin III: Dead or Alive Lupin III: Dead or Alive -- Lupin, Goemon, and Jigen take a mini-helicopter and head to the mysterious “Drifting Island” looking for a treasure rumored to be hidden somewhere on it. Through their exploration of the island, the trio encounters the lethal “Nanomachine,” the island’s security system. The trio triggers the alarm, springing “the Nanomachine” to life. The key to solving the island’s mystery lies in the small nation of Zufu. This once prosperous nation is now ruled by the ruthless, knife-collecting, General Headhunter. Fujiko does her usual probing and hacks into General Headhunter’s computer hoping to find some crucial information. Zenigata has received a video message from Lupin in which Lupin announces his desire for the priceless treasure. Oleander, a fiery blond officer with some hidden secrets of her own, steps in to help Zenigata. Armed with their newly found information, Lupin, Goemon, Jigen, and Fujiko go back to “Drifting Island,” but this time they are followed by General Headhunter. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- Movie - Apr 20, 1996 -- 8,836 7.16

Mardock Scramble: The First Compression -- -- GoHands -- 1 ep -- Novel -- Action Sci-Fi Psychological -- Mardock Scramble: The First Compression Mardock Scramble: The First Compression -- Rune Balot is a down-and-out teen prostitute in Mardock City. One day, she's picked up by an ambitious casino manager named Shell who gives her everything she could want. Renewed by a false innocence, a false past, and now the false life Shell has given her, Balot feels grateful. However, she can't help but be curious about why he's done so much for her, so she does some research about his past on a computer. This turns out to be a mistake which will change her life greatly. When Shell finds out what she's done, he attempts to burn her to death by blowing up her car. -- -- Due to the high crime rate in Mardock, a new law called "Scramble 09" has given police carte blanche to take extreme and otherwise illegal measures to revive crime witnesses. With this in mind, they allow a professor to bring Balot back from the brink of death by reassembling her entire body with reinforced synthetic fiber. When she finally wakes up, her confused mental state eventually turns toward revenge as Shell is revealed as her killer. -- -- (Source: Nippon Cinema) -- -- Licensor: -- Sentai Filmworks -- Movie - Oct 8, 2010 -- 64,211 7.47

Megazone 23 -- -- AIC, Artland, Artmic -- 4 eps -- Original -- Action Sci-Fi Music Mystery Romance Mecha -- Megazone 23 Megazone 23 -- Shougo Yahagi is a young motorcycle enthusiast living in a world of hot bikes, hard rock, and J-pop idols. The general populace go about their lives in peace, under the watchful eyes of a computer program in the guise of pop idol sensation Eve, unbeknownst to them. Shougo himself is mostly concerned with riding his motorcycle and picking up beautiful women like Yui Takanaka, who aspires to be a dancer. -- -- Shougo's life suddenly changes when his friend, Shinji Nakagawa, shows him a top-secret project: the "Garland," an advanced motorcycle that can transform into a robot. Ambushed by the military, Shougo hijacks the Garland and escapes into the city. Evading the military with the help of Yui and her friends, he gradually discovers that their idyllic society is only an illusion. -- -- -- Licensor: -- ADV Films -- OVA - Mar 9, 1985 -- 14,801 6.80

Mekakucity Actors -- -- Shaft -- 12 eps -- Music -- Sci-Fi Comedy Super Power Supernatural Romance -- Mekakucity Actors Mekakucity Actors -- On the hot summer day of August 14, Shintarou Kisaragi is forced to leave his room for the first time in two years. While arguing with the cyber girl Ene who lives in his computer, Shintarou Kisaragi accidentally spills soda all over his keyboard. Though they try to find a replacement online, most stores are closed due to the Obon festival, leaving them with no other choice but to visit the local department store. Venturing outside makes Shintarou extremely anxious, but the thought of living without his computer is even worse. It's just his luck that on the day he finally goes out, he's caught in a terrifying hostage situation. -- -- Luckily, a group of teenagers with mysterious eye powers, who call themselves the "Mekakushi Dan," assist Shintarou in resolving the situation. As a result, he is forced to join their group, along with Ene. Their abilities seem to be like pieces of a puzzle, connecting one another, and as each member's past is unveiled, the secret that ties them together is slowly brought to light. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Aniplex of America -- 383,621 7.06

Micro Teukgongdae Diatron 5 -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Action Space Mecha Sci-Fi -- Micro Teukgongdae Diatron 5 Micro Teukgongdae Diatron 5 -- The plot focuses around a Cyborg woman named Ivy, who defends the entire universe from enemies with her built-in evil-sensing computers. The enemy infects her with a virus. Now the only one to save her is Diatron 5, the mecha shrunk down to microscopic size that goes in to fight the bacteria. Two kids, a battle station called the "Star Wars" and Diatron's inventor join her in the battle against evil. Evil being an androgynous woman named Mary, her brother with blue skin who looks suspiciously like Spock and their fleet of robots and forest green demon-like aliens. -- -- (Source: TV Tropes) -- Movie - Jul 20, 1985 -- 797 4.74

Midnight Eye: Gokuu -- -- Madhouse -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Mystery Seinen -- Midnight Eye: Gokuu Midnight Eye: Gokuu -- Furinji Goku is a detective who has an "eye of god". -- -- While he was investigating the murder case of his colleague when he had been an officer, he was pressured to stop it by the police executives. However, he continue investigating, and he lost his left eye. When he was about to be killed, a mysterious group helped him and transplant an artificial eye. The eye was a super technological device that connected to the whole computer network in the world, and enabled him to control any computers. -- -- (Source: AnimeNfo) -- -- Licensor: -- Discotek Media, Urban Vision -- OVA - Jan 27, 1989 -- 7,978 6.46

Net-juu no Susume Special -- -- Signal.MD -- 1 ep -- Web manga -- Game Comedy Romance -- Net-juu no Susume Special Net-juu no Susume Special -- Much to her dismay, Moriko Morioka's computer has broken down. However, not all is lost as she remembers that Yuuta Sakurai is a computer geek, leading Morioka to seek his expertise. But when Sakurai visits to help build her a new computer, hilarity ensues. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- Special - Dec 8, 2017 -- 80,610 7.40

Net-juu no Susume Special -- -- Signal.MD -- 1 ep -- Web manga -- Game Comedy Romance -- Net-juu no Susume Special Net-juu no Susume Special -- Much to her dismay, Moriko Morioka's computer has broken down. However, not all is lost as she remembers that Yuuta Sakurai is a computer geek, leading Morioka to seek his expertise. But when Sakurai visits to help build her a new computer, hilarity ensues. -- -- Special - Dec 8, 2017 -- 80,610 7.40

Plastic Little -- -- animate Film -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Adventure Comedy Ecchi Mecha Military Romance Sci-Fi -- Plastic Little Plastic Little -- Set on the planet Yietta, whose colonists make their living by exploiting the planet's unique liquid-gas oceans, Plastic Little begins as the Yietans are finally about to pay off their debts to the Galactic Federation. Unfortunately, there are those who would rather not let Yietta slip through their fingers... -- -- Enter Tita, 17 year old captain of the Cha Cha Maru. Together with her crew, Tita specializes in capturing Yietta's exotic life forms for intergalactic pet shops, but through plain bad luck she finds herself, instead, at the core of a sinister plot to take over Yietta! By rescuing 16 year old Elysse from the very clutches of the military, Tita puts the lives of both herself and her crew in mortal peril... but a girl's got to do what a girl's got to do! -- -- As the plotters mobilize their forces in a desperate bid to retrieve Elysse, whom they believe possesses a vital computer code, Tita must play a dangerous game of tag with an entire army of professional killers! It's Cat and Mouse on a planetwide scale, with one crucial difference: Mice don't shoot back, but Tita's does! -- -- (Source: AnimeNfo) -- -- Licensor: -- ADV Films -- OVA - Mar 21, 1994 -- 12,320 6.13

Pokemon: Senritsu no Mirage Pokemon -- -- OLM -- 1 ep -- Game -- Adventure Comedy Fantasy Kids -- Pokemon: Senritsu no Mirage Pokemon Pokemon: Senritsu no Mirage Pokemon -- Dr. Yung, an enigmatic Pokémon scientist, has developed a new Mirage system that uses computer data to resurrect extinct Pokémon, like Kabutops and Armaldo. Professor Oak, Ash and his companions show up at the Mirage Mansion at Dr. Yung's invitation, and watch a demonstration of the machine's capabilities. In the middle of a battle between Dr. Yung's Mirage Pokémon and Ash, the machine goes haywire and a Mirage Aerodactyl swoops in and kidnaps Dr. Yung. A man calling himself "The Mirage Master" appears and announces to everyone that the Mirage System can be used to create Pokémon with absolutely no weaknesses. Ash, Misty, and Professor Oak struggle to stop the madman and escape with their lives. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- 4Kids Entertainment, The Pokemon Company International -- ONA - Oct 13, 2006 -- 24,623 6.47

Pokemon: The Origin -- -- OLM, Production I.G, Xebec -- 4 eps -- Game -- Action Adventure Comedy Fantasy Kids -- Pokemon: The Origin Pokemon: The Origin -- Pokémon are marvelous creatures that come in a variety of types and sizes, with abilities, powers, and personalities as diverse as they are numerous. Doctor Yukinari Ookido has dedicated his life to studying these fascinating beings, that can be caught, trained, traded, and battled against each other. There's only so much he can do from his lab though. With this in mind, Ookido entrusts two young boys with a Pokémon of their own and a computerized encyclopedia to catalog them. One of them, Green, is brash, passionate, slightly arrogant, and Doctor Ookido's own nephew. The other boy, Red, is equally passionate, and filled with a wide-eyed, mildly naive sense of wonder. -- -- Pokémon: The Origin follows Red in his journey through the region of Kanto in his attempt to complete his "Pokédex" by capturing and cataloging all the Pokémon that exist. Along the way he'll discover there's more to himself and his goals than he originally thought. Red will have to put both himself and his Pokémon to the test in special Gyms whose leaders are steps along the way to the Pokémon League, in order to challenge the Elite Four and become a Pokémon League Champion. -- -- Aside from his goals to become a Champion, Red has other problems brewing. There are others who capture and train Pokémon for more sinister reasons, with the infamous criminal organization Team Rocket being one of them. If Red can defeat them, fellow trainers, his rival Green, and wild Pokémon all through Kanto, he just may fulfill his own dream, and Doctor Ookido's as well. -- -- Licensor: -- The Pokemon Company International -- Special - Oct 2, 2013 -- 186,698 7.75

Pokemon: The Origin -- -- OLM, Production I.G, Xebec -- 4 eps -- Game -- Action Adventure Comedy Fantasy Kids -- Pokemon: The Origin Pokemon: The Origin -- Pokémon are marvelous creatures that come in a variety of types and sizes, with abilities, powers, and personalities as diverse as they are numerous. Doctor Yukinari Ookido has dedicated his life to studying these fascinating beings, that can be caught, trained, traded, and battled against each other. There's only so much he can do from his lab though. With this in mind, Ookido entrusts two young boys with a Pokémon of their own and a computerized encyclopedia to catalog them. One of them, Green, is brash, passionate, slightly arrogant, and Doctor Ookido's own nephew. The other boy, Red, is equally passionate, and filled with a wide-eyed, mildly naive sense of wonder. -- -- Pokémon: The Origin follows Red in his journey through the region of Kanto in his attempt to complete his "Pokédex" by capturing and cataloging all the Pokémon that exist. Along the way he'll discover there's more to himself and his goals than he originally thought. Red will have to put both himself and his Pokémon to the test in special Gyms whose leaders are steps along the way to the Pokémon League, in order to challenge the Elite Four and become a Pokémon League Champion. -- -- Aside from his goals to become a Champion, Red has other problems brewing. There are others who capture and train Pokémon for more sinister reasons, with the infamous criminal organization Team Rocket being one of them. If Red can defeat them, fellow trainers, his rival Green, and wild Pokémon all through Kanto, he just may fulfill his own dream, and Doctor Ookido's as well. -- Special - Oct 2, 2013 -- 186,698 7.75

Sasami-san@Ganbaranai -- -- Shaft -- 12 eps -- Light novel -- Comedy Romance Supernatural -- Sasami-san@Ganbaranai Sasami-san@Ganbaranai -- The Japanese call them hikikomori—people who've become so withdrawn socially that they refuse to leave their homes for weeks and even months at a time. For Sasami Tsukuyomi, who's attempting to pass her first year of high school despite being a shut in, it's more than just a word. Fortunately though, she lives with her older brother Kamiomi, who just happens to be a teacher at the school Sasami is supposed to attend. Not to mention, her "Brother Surveillance Tool" which lets her view the outside world via her computer and will, theoretically, allow her to readjust to interfacing with people again. What it mainly does, however, is let her view her brother's interactions with the three very odd Yagami sisters, who inexplicably seem to have had their ages reversed and have various types of "interest" in Kamiomi. And then things start to get really weird... Magical powers? Everything turning into chocolate? Is life via the web warping Sasami's brain, or is it the universe that's going crazy? -- -- (Source: Sentai Filmworks) -- 74,433 6.68

Shin Megami Tensei: Tokyo Mokushiroku -- -- J.C.Staff -- 2 eps -- Manga -- Action Sci-Fi Horror Demons Supernatural -- Shin Megami Tensei: Tokyo Mokushiroku Shin Megami Tensei: Tokyo Mokushiroku -- Handsome and effeminate, quiet but proud, the sinister Akito Kobayashi has a passion for the occult and has developed a computer program to summon demons and the living dead. But little does he know that fellow high school students Kojirou Souma and Saki Yagami are reincarnations of powerful and benevolent spirits. When the pair's friends have become targeted by demons trying to harvest their life energies, they must harness their dark metaphysical powers to destroy Kobayashi's threatening program, or risk losing their loved ones forever. -- -- OVA - Apr 21, 1995 -- 5,519 5.41

Sister Princess -- -- Zexcs -- 26 eps -- Light novel -- Comedy Drama Harem Romance Slice of Life -- Sister Princess Sister Princess -- Wataru Minakami is a top student who failed his high school entrance exam because of a computer glitch. He later discovered that he was accepted to Stargazer Hill Academy, which is located at a mysterious place called Promised Island. At the request of his father, Wataru is whisked away to the island, and before he can settle in, a dozen of cute and charming girls start to flock him and claim to be his younger sisters. As Wataru gets closer to his newfound siblings, a deeper mystery as to why they were sent to the island comes to play. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- ADV Films, Discotek Media -- TV - Apr 4, 2001 -- 21,313 6.41

Soukihei MD Geist -- -- Zero-G Room -- 1 ep -- Original -- Action Military Sci-Fi Mecha -- Soukihei MD Geist Soukihei MD Geist -- In the distant future, mankind has colonized other planets in the universe. While many planets lived in peace, the planet Jerra has been ravaged by decades of war. Geist is an M.D.S. (Most Dangerous Soldier), an enhanced human with unsurpassed combat capabilities and an insatiable lust for battle. Because of his uncontrollable nature, Geist is cryogenically frozen and locked in a satellite. Several years later, the satellite crashes and Geist wakes up from his sleep to engage in another war. This time, to help the army stop the planet's central computer from activating a doomsday device that will lead to total annihilation of all life on Jerra. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- ADV Films, Central Park Media -- OVA - May 21, 1986 -- 13,229 5.32

SSSS.Gridman -- -- Trigger -- 12 eps -- Original -- Action Sci-Fi Mecha -- SSSS.Gridman SSSS.Gridman -- Yuuta Hibiki wakes up in the room of Rikka Takarada and notices two things: he has no memories, and he can hear a mysterious voice calling his name from a nearby room. On further inspection, he finds a robot—which introduces itself as Hyper Agent Gridman—behind the screen of an old computer. Much to Yuuta's surprise, Rikka cannot hear Gridman, nor can she see the ominous monsters looming over a thick fog as it envelopes the town outside. -- -- Another giant monster materializes in the city and proceeds to wreak havoc. Amidst the confusion, Yuuta is once again drawn to the old computer and merges with Gridman. Suddenly, he appears in the middle of the battle and is forced to fight the monster. Together with Rikka and fellow classmate Shou Utsumi, Yuuta forms the "Gridman Alliance" to defeat the monsters plaguing the city and find whoever is responsible for their emergence. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- 213,180 7.17

Steins;Gate: Soumei Eichi no Cognitive Computing -- -- White Fox -- 4 eps -- Visual novel -- Slice of Life Comedy -- Steins;Gate: Soumei Eichi no Cognitive Computing Steins;Gate: Soumei Eichi no Cognitive Computing -- Anime shorts created in collaboration with IBM. -- -- Episode 1: Cooking-hen -- Episode 2: Navigation-hen -- Episode 3: Fashion-hen -- Episode 4: Kaigi-hen -- ONA - Oct 15, 2014 -- 85,844 7.41

Tekkon Kinkreet Pilot -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Adventure Psychological Supernatural -- Tekkon Kinkreet Pilot Tekkon Kinkreet Pilot -- Softimage's Michael Arias started the project as a short CG exercise, which then came to the attention of Morimoto, who then agreed to work on the project on the Softimage 3D software. A few months later, Visual Director Wilson Tang and Animation Supervisor Lee Fulton introduced a pilot to the Softimage staff, made entirely on computer with a staff of only 12. The pilot won the Excellence Award at the 3rd Japan Media Arts Festival in the Digital Art Division. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- Special - Jan 1, 1999 -- 1,329 4.68

Terra e... -- -- Toei Animation -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Drama Sci-Fi Shounen Space -- Terra e... Terra e... -- In the five hundred years since Earth's environment was destroyed and the planet came to be known as Terra, humans have created a society in space that is entirely logical. Supercomputers control the government, babies are grown in artificial wombs and assigned parents randomly, and at age 14, children take an "Adulthood Exam." Humanity's greatest enemy is the "Mu"—humans who have developed into espers. -- -- When Jomy Marquis Shin's birthday arrives and the time comes for him to take his Adulthood Exam, he is shocked to learn that all of his childhood memories are going to be erased. Suddenly, he hears the voice of Soldier Blue, the leader of the Mu, calling out to him to hold onto his memories. -- -- Jomy makes his escape on a Mu ship and is shocked to learn that he himself is an esper and that the government has sentenced him to death. Nearing the end of his life, Soldier Blue transfers his memories to Jomy and names him the next leader of the Mu. Now, Jomy has a choice: keep the Mu in hiding, or declare war on humanity to realize their dream of returning to Terra. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Nozomi Entertainment -- Movie - Apr 26, 1980 -- 8,478 6.46

Terra e... (TV) -- -- Minami Machi Bugyousho, Tokyo Kids -- 24 eps -- Manga -- Action Military Sci-Fi Space Drama Shounen -- Terra e... (TV) Terra e... (TV) -- In the future, humans are living on colonized planets and are controlled in every aspect of their life by a system of computers. Evolution has resulted in the birth of people with extraordinary powers. This new race is called Mu. Hated and feared by the humans, the Mu dream of a place to live in peace: Earth—a mystical far away planet—for humanity had to leave their home long ago as pollution and destruction increased and made it impossible to stay there any longer. -- -- Jomy is a boy excitedly awaiting his birthday, the day he will enter the world of adults. Yet he knows nothing about the unknown powers sleeping in him and the shared dream of returning to Earth one day. -- -- Licensor: -- Bandai Entertainment -- 54,008 7.92

The Animatrix -- -- Madhouse, Studio 4°C -- 9 eps -- Other -- Action Drama Sci-Fi -- The Animatrix The Animatrix -- 1. Final Flight of the Osiris -- The crew of the Osiris discover an army preparing to invade Zion. While one crew member races inside the Matrix to get the message to Zion, the others try desperately to buy her enough time while fighting off an onslaught of Sentinels they can't possibly defeat. -- -- 2-3. The Second Renaissance Part 1 and 2 -- Humans have created the ultimate AI, which is just as smart as they are. But complications arise when these robots and the humans try to exist peacefully, and eventually all-out war breaks out. The humans ultimately lose the war, and become trapped in the Matrix as seen in the live-action films. -- -- 4. Kid's Story -- A young man discovers that his world isn't real, that it's a computer-generated fantasy land created by robots using humans for energy. He escapes with the help of the hacker Neo. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 5. Program -- Cis and Duo engage in battle in a virtual recreation of Feudal Japan. -- -- 6. World Record -- While running the fastest race in his life, a champion track star breaks free of his computer-generated world for a small period of time. When he goes back to the real world, he has no memories and is placed in a nursing home. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 7. Beyond -- While looking for her lost pet, a young woman meets up with some kids in Tokyo to play in a "haunted house," which is really a glitch in their computer world. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 8. Detective Story -- A detective named Ash is called upon by a mysterious organization to hunt down the notorious hacker Trinity. -- -- 9. Matriculated -- A group of scientists capture a robot and place it in a surreal fantasy world. When the robot's friends come in and kill most of the scientists; however, the robot and the last scientist remaining face isolation in the computer-generated world. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Warner Bros. Japan -- OVA - Jun 3, 2003 -- 66,027 7.30

The Animatrix -- -- Madhouse, Studio 4°C -- 9 eps -- Other -- Action Drama Sci-Fi -- The Animatrix The Animatrix -- 1. Final Flight of the Osiris -- The crew of the Osiris discover an army preparing to invade Zion. While one crew member races inside the Matrix to get the message to Zion, the others try desperately to buy her enough time while fighting off an onslaught of Sentinels they can't possibly defeat. -- -- 2-3. The Second Renaissance Part 1 and 2 -- Humans have created the ultimate AI, which is just as smart as they are. But complications arise when these robots and the humans try to exist peacefully, and eventually all-out war breaks out. The humans ultimately lose the war, and become trapped in the Matrix as seen in the live-action films. -- -- 4. Kid's Story -- A young man discovers that his world isn't real, that it's a computer-generated fantasy land created by robots using humans for energy. He escapes with the help of the hacker Neo. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 5. Program -- Cis and Duo engage in battle in a virtual recreation of Feudal Japan. -- -- 6. World Record -- While running the fastest race in his life, a champion track star breaks free of his computer-generated world for a small period of time. When he goes back to the real world, he has no memories and is placed in a nursing home. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 7. Beyond -- While looking for her lost pet, a young woman meets up with some kids in Tokyo to play in a "haunted house," which is really a glitch in their computer world. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- 8. Detective Story -- A detective named Ash is called upon by a mysterious organization to hunt down the notorious hacker Trinity. -- -- 9. Matriculated -- A group of scientists capture a robot and place it in a surreal fantasy world. When the robot's friends come in and kill most of the scientists; however, the robot and the last scientist remaining face isolation in the computer-generated world. Based on the Matrix trilogy. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- OVA - Jun 3, 2003 -- 66,027 7.30

The Impression of First Gundam -- -- Sunrise -- 1 ep -- - -- Action Mecha Military Sci-Fi Space -- The Impression of First Gundam The Impression of First Gundam -- Screened together with Gundam: Mission to the Rise at Gundam's 20th Anniversary event "Gundam Big Bang Sengen" in Pacifico Yokohama National Convention Hall. -- -- Selected scenes from Kidou Senshi Gundam were re-edited for three giant projection screens to give the widescreen feel to the original 4:3 aspect footage. They were also computer synchronized to sweeping lights and lasers to simulate space battles. The soundtrack was remixed for six-channel surround sound. -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- Special - Aug 1, 1998 -- 1,425 5.41

The Third: Aoi Hitomi no Shoujo -- -- Xebec -- 24 eps -- Light novel -- Action Adventure Sci-Fi Seinen -- The Third: Aoi Hitomi no Shoujo The Third: Aoi Hitomi no Shoujo -- In the distant future, because of an interplanetary war that had continued on for centuries, civilizations were ruined. Human beings have lost everything, and only 1/5th of the population survived. A strange breed of humans, ''The Third'' is said to have appeared just after the war. They possess a third eye, as their name suggests, that appear as oval-shaped red pupils called "space eyes'' over their conventional two eyes. Using them, they can control computer systems and so on, and as such, rule the world by their superior power over technology. -- -- In this world, there is a young woman named Honoka; she is a "jack-of-all-trades" sellsword, and she accepts any job except murder. One day, she happens to find and rescue a young man named Ikus in the desert. Entering his world, and accepting a job from him, the adventure begins for Honoka and Ikus. -- -- (Source: BestAnime, modified) -- -- Licensor: -- Kadokawa Pictures USA, Nozomi Entertainment -- TV - Apr 14, 2006 -- 19,122 7.32

Ultra Maniac -- -- Production Reed -- 26 eps -- Manga -- Comedy Magic Romance School Shoujo -- Ultra Maniac Ultra Maniac -- Fantasies and miracles never interested Ayu Tateishi, a popular second-year student at her middle school. She was content with preserving her image of being cool, calm, and collected—all to catch the eye of her crush, Tetsushi Kaji. Ayu's carefree youthful days are interrupted by the appearance of Nina Sakura, a new transfer student who turns out to be a witch. As the only person who knows about Nina's ability to cast spells using a mini-computer, Ayu is forced to help Nina with her mission to find the five Holy Stones, qualifying her to marry the prince of the Magic Kingdom. -- -- Unfortunately, Nina's ineptitude with magic and her habit of meddling in Ayu's personal life cause nothing but trouble for the two of them as Ayu toils to maintain her good reputation and Nina struggles to hide her secret from the discerning eye of Hiroki Tsujiai, Tetsushi's best friend and an avid fan of manga. And when Nina's search for the five Holy Stones brings allies and challengers from the Magic Kingdom, Ayu is dragged into a world she never even dreamed was possible. -- -- 28,255 7.17

Visions of Frank: Short Films by Japan's Most Audacious Animators -- -- - -- 9 eps -- - -- Dementia -- Visions of Frank: Short Films by Japan's Most Audacious Animators Visions of Frank: Short Films by Japan's Most Audacious Animators -- A series of 9 animated shorts based on the Frank comics by Jim Woodring, featuring computer/CGI, traditional cel, stop-motion, and even sand painting techniques. Contributing animators and musicians include COCOA, Eri Yoshimura, Naomi Nagata, TAMAPRO/DROP, Taruto Fuyama, Masaki Maito, Kanako Kawagushi, Masaya Sakaue, Bill Frisell, Dame Darcy, and Woodring himself. -- OVA - Nov 25, 2005 -- 634 5.80

Youjuu Sensen Adventure Kid -- -- - -- 3 eps -- Manga -- Fantasy Hentai Demons Horror -- Youjuu Sensen Adventure Kid Youjuu Sensen Adventure Kid -- Episode 1: A young man named Norikazu finds a computer from World War II buried in his back garden. When he activates it, he and a girl named Midori are transported to Hell where erotic creatures and monsters of different kinds live. They meet some friends including a sexy elf type woman named Eganko who falls in love with Norikazu, and a perverted monster prince who is soon enslaved by Midori. Using their new friends the pair try to make the dangerous journey back home. -- -- Episode 2: Having made their way back home the adventure duo find the world they knew is gone, and is now ruled by the demonic computer which first sent them to Hell. They travel back in time to World War II Japan in an attempt to stop the world from being changed. Notably, in doing so they witness the atomic bomb being dropped on Hiroshima, and there is an appearance of the Enola Gay, as well as numerous symbols of Japanese culture at the time. -- -- Episode 3: This episode has a humorous love-quadrangle plot, where Eganko comes up with a plan to make Norikazu fall in love with her with a love potion, and simultaneously make Midori fall in love with an egotistical young man from her school. Unsurprisingly their plan backfires and everyone gets what they deserve. -- -- (Source: Wikipedia) -- -- Licensor: -- Central Park Media -- OVA - Jul 21, 1992 -- 1,944 5.33

Zoids Fuzors -- -- - -- 26 eps -- - -- Adventure Mecha Sci-Fi Shounen -- Zoids Fuzors Zoids Fuzors -- R.D. is a delivery boy who works for a company called Mach Storm in order to earn money to search for the legendary Alpha Zoid. A Zoid that he heard rumours about from his dad that he passionately believes in. Mach Storm also doubles as a Zoid Battling team. In R.D.'s first Coliseum Zoid Battle, he encounters a team that can fuse Zoids. R.D. soon discovers that he has a Zoid that can computably fuse with his Zoid, Liger Zero. After this happens R.D.'s adventure to discover the truth about the Alpha Zoid begins. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- TV - Oct 3, 2004 -- 9,909 6.41

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Category:Distributed_computing

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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications#3D_computer_graphics

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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications#Computer-aided_design

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications#Computer_algebra_system

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications#Computer_science

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_Applications#Scientific_and_technical_computing

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications#Scientific_or_technical_computing

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/MATLAB#GPU_computing

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christofari_supercomputer

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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Structured_data/Computer-aided_tagging

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing_training_institute_in_chennai.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Computer_time_(13878941924).jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Computer_with_mouse_and_keyboard.png

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Example_data_processed_by_theSkyNet_POGS_distributed_computing_project.png

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gigapixel_mosaic_of_galaxy_image_results_from_theSkyNet_distributed_computer.png

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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Society_of_Computer_System_Engineering_(SCSE).jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Computerjoe

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:ComputerHotline

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Computerjoe

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:ComputerHotline

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Computerjoe

1260 (computer virus)

128-bit computing

12-bit computing

16-bit computing

18-bit computing

1-bit computing

2012 RBS Group computer system problems

2018 in technology and computing

24-bit computing

256-bit computing

26-bit computing

28-bit computing

2D computer graphics

31-bit computing

32-bit computing

36-bit computing

3B series computers

3D computer graphics

3M computer

48-bit computing

4-bit computing

512-bit computing

60-bit computing

64-bit computing

8-bit computing

AAA (computer security)

Aarhus University Department of Computer Science

ABC (computer virus)

Abraxas (computer virus)

Abstraction (computer science)

Abstraction principle (computer programming)

Access Computer College

Accounting method (computer science)

Accumulator (computing)

ACES (computational chemistry)

Acid (computer virus)

ACM Computing Classification System

ACM Computing Reviews

ACM Computing Surveys

Acme (computer virus)

ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference

ACM Transactions on Computational Logic

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction

ACM Transactions on Computer Systems

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications

Acorn Business Computer

Acorn Computers

Acorn Network Computer

Actifed (computer virus)

Action at a distance (computer programming)

Actrix (computer)

Ada (computer virus)

Adaptation (computer science)

Adele Goldberg (computer scientist)

Adiabatic quantum computation

Adrian Walker (computer scientist)

Advanced Computer Techniques

Advanced Computing Environment

Advanced RISC Computing

Advanced Simulation and Computing Program

Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture

Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Affective computing

Affiliated Computer Services

African-American women in computer science

African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Agat (computer)

Agent-based computational economics

AI (computer virus)

AIDS (computer virus)

Air data computer

Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing observatory

AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction

Akavan Erityisalojen Keskusliitto AEK ry v Fujitsu Siemens Computers Oy

Alan Newell (English computer scientist)

Alcon (computer virus)

Alcra (computer worm)

Aleksandar Nikolov (computer scientist)

Alembic (computer graphics)

Aliasing (computing)

Aliens: The Computer Game (1986 video game)

Aliens: The Computer Game (1987 video game)

Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science

Alliant Computer Systems

All India Society for Electronics and Computer Technology

AMA Computer University

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

AMBRA Computer Corporation

AMC computerized engine control

American Computer & Robotics Museum

American Super Computing Leadership Act

Amstrad Computer User

Analog computer

ANALOG Computing

Analytics, Computing, and Complex Systems Laboratory

Andrew Martin (computer scientist)

Andrew Morton (computer programmer)

Andrew Stone (computer programmer)

Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics

Animal-computer interaction

Animex International Festival of Animation and Computer Games

Anna Kournikova (computer virus)

Announcement (computing)

Anti-computer forensics

Anti-computer tactics

Antonn Svoboda (computer scientist)

ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science

AP Computer Science

AP Computer Science A

AP Computer Science Principles

Apollo Computer

Apollo Guidance Computer

Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.

Apple Computer Inc v Mackintosh Computers Ltd

Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.

Apple Corps v Apple Computer

Approximate Bayesian computation

Apricot Computers

APUS (computer)

Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering

Arctic Region Supercomputing Center

Areal density (computer storage)

ARITH Symposium on Computer Arithmetic

Arrow (computer science)

Arthur Norman (computer scientist)

Artic Computing

Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity

Arvind Gupta (computer scientist)

Asian-Oceanian Computing Industry Organization

Asian Young Researchers Conference on Computational and Omics Biology

Aspect (computer programming)

Assessment in computer-supported collaborative learning

Asset (computer security)

Assignment (computer science)

ASSIST (computing)

Association for Computational Linguistics

Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture

Association for Computers and the Humanities

Association for Computing Machinery

Association for History and Computing

Association of Personal Computer User Groups

Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff

Astronomy and Computing

Asymptotic computational complexity

Asynchrony (computer programming)

AtanasoffBerry computer

Atari 8-bit computer peripherals

Atlantic Computers

Atlas (computer)

ATM (computer)

Attribute (computing)

Aurora (supercomputer)

Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education

Australian Computers in Education Conference

Australian Computer Society

Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing

Austrian Federal Computing Centre

Automatic Computing Engine

Automatic Digital Computer M-1

Autonomic computing

Avatar (computing)

Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee

Axiom (computer algebra system)

Bachelor of Computer Information Systems

Bachelor of Computer Science

Bachelor of Computing

Backdoor (computing)

Bagle (computer worm)

Bag-of-words model in computer vision

Bandelet (computer science)

Bandwidth (computing)

Bangladesh Computer Society

Barcelona Supercomputing Center

Barebone computer

Bare machine computing

BARK (computer)

Barrier (computer science)

BASIC Computer Games

Bass Computer

Bauhaus Project (computing)

Bayesian estimation of templates in computational anatomy

Bayesian model of computational anatomy

BBC Computer Literacy Project 2012

Behat (computer science)

Bell's law of computer classes

Benchmark (computing)

Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing

Bill Buchanan (computer scientist)

Bill English (computer engineer)

Billiard-ball computer

Bill Paxton (computer scientist)

BioCompute Object

Biocomputing

Bio-inspired computing

Biological computing

Biomedical Computation Review

Birmingham City University Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment

Black hat (computer security)

Blacklist (computing)

Blaster (computer worm)

Bleeping Computer

Blit (computer terminal)

Blocking (computing)

Blue Meanies (Apple Computer)

Board representation (computer chess)

Book:Computer Science

Book on Numbers and Computation

Bose computer speakers

Boundary conditions in computational fluid dynamics

Bradford (computer program)

Braincomputer interface

Brain (computer virus)

Branch (computer science)

Brazilian Computer Society

Brian Reid (computer scientist)

British Colloquium for Theoretical Computer Science

British Computer Society

British Computer Society Young Professionals Group

Brooklyn College Center for Computer Music

Browser-based computing

Bruce Woodcock (computer games analyst)

B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences

Bucket (computing)

Burst mode (computing)

Bus (computing)

Button (computing)

Cabir (computer worm)

Cache (computing)

California Pacific Computer Company

Callback (computer programming)

Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science

Cambridge Quantum Computing

Cambridge Ring (computer network)

Canadian Computing Competition

Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria

CAP computer

CARDboard Illustrative Aid to Computation

Carroll Morgan (computer scientist)

Cascade (computer virus)

Casino (computer virus)

Category:Computing infobox templates

Category:Electro-mechanical computers

Category:Indian computer scientists

Category:OpenCL compute devices

Cavalier Computer

CDR computerized assessment system

Center for Biological and Computational Learning

Center for Computational Brain Research

Center for Computational Innovations

Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry

Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry

Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation

Center for Computation and Technology

Center for Computer-Assisted Legal Instruction

Center for Computer Games Research

Central Air Data Computer

Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency

Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing

Centre for Computational Geography

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing

Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing

Centre for Excellence in Computational Engineering

Centre for Quantum Computation

Centre for Research on Computer Supported Learning and Cognition

Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry

Centro de Investigacin de Mtodos Computacionales

CER Computer

Certified Forensic Computer Examiner

Channel system (computer science)

Chaos Computer Club

Character computing

Character (computing)

Charles R. Moore (computer engineer)

Charlie Lee (computer scientist)

Ch (computer programming)

Cheekah Bow Bow (That Computer Song)

Chemical computer

Chen Jin (computer scientist)

Chess opening book (computers)

Cheyenne (supercomputer)

Chinese input methods for computers

Chinook (computer program)

CHIP (computer)

Chris Lilley (computer scientist)

Christopher Dunn (computer programmer)

Christopher Evans (computer scientist)

Chris Wallace (computer scientist)

Chronology of computation of

Cielo (supercomputer)

CIFA (computer)

CIH (computer virus)

Circuit (computer science)

Cisco Unified Computing System

Clarence Ellis (computer scientist)

Class (computer programming)

Classes of computers

Client (computing)

Cliff Jones (computer scientist)

Climate Savers Computing Initiative

Clipboard (computing)

Clipping (computer graphics)

C-list (computer security)

Clone (computing)

Closure (computer programming)

Cloud-based quantum computing

Cloud computing

Cloud-computing comparison

Cloud computing issues

Cloud Computing Manifesto

Cloud computing security

Cloud native computing

Cloud Native Computing Foundation

Cluster Computing (journal)

CMS Computers

Coalescing (computer science)

Code Red (computer worm)

Cognitive Computation

Cognitive computer

Cognitive computing

Cohesion (computer science)

Collaborative Computational Project Q

Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies

Collision (computer science)

Colossus computer

Columbia (supercomputer)

Combinatorics, Probability and Computing

Command (computing)

Comment (computer programming)

Committee on Widening Participation in Computing Research

Commodity computing

Common Information Model (computing)

Communications, Computers, and Networks

Community of interest (computer security)

Comparison of 3D computer graphics software

Comparison of computer-aided design software

Comparison of computer-assisted translation tools

Comparison of computer viruses

Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers

Comparison of tablet computers

Complex instruction set computer

Computability

Computability in Europe

Computability theory

Computable function

Computable general equilibrium

Computable isomorphism

Computable model theory

Computable number

Computacenter

Computacin y Sistemas

Computation

Computational aeroacoustics

Computational anatomy

Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

Computational and Systems Neuroscience

Computational and Theoretical Chemistry

Computational archaeology

Computational astrophysics

Computational auditory scene analysis

Computational biology

Computational Biology and Chemistry

Computational Biology Department

Computational chemistry

Computational cognition

Computational complexity

Computational Complexity Conference

Computational complexity theory

Computational creativity

Computational criminology

Computational DiffieHellman assumption

Computational economics

Computational electromagnetics

Computational engineering

Computational epigenetics

Computational finance

Computational fluid dynamics

Computational gene

Computational genomics

Computational geometry

Computational Geometry (journal)

Computational hardness assumption

Computational heuristic intelligence

Computational history

Computational human phantom

Computational humor

Computational imaging

Computational immunology

Computational indistinguishability

Computational intelligence

Computational Intelligence (journal)

Computational irreducibility

Computational journalism

Computational law

Computational learning theory

Computational lexicology

Computational linguistics

Computational Linguistics (journal)

Computational lithography

Computational logic

Computationally enhanced craft item

Computational magnetohydrodynamics

Computational Materials Science

Computational materials science

Computational mathematics

Computational mechanics

Computational Mechanics (journal)

Computational microscopy

Computational model

Computational modeling of Ischemic stroke

Computational musicology

Computational neurogenetic modeling

Computational neuroscience

Computational number theory

Computational Optimization and Applications

Computational particle physics

Computational photography

Computational phylogenetics

Computational physics

Computational politics

Computational problem

Computational psychometrics

Computational RAM

Computational-representational understanding of mind

Computational resource

Computational Resource for Drug Discovery

Computational science

Computational Science & Discovery

Computational Science Graduate Fellowship

Computational semantics

Computational semiotics

Computational social choice

Computational social science

Computational sociology

Computational Spectroscopy In Natural Sciences and Engineering

Computational statistics

Computational Statistics & Data Analysis

Computational Statistics (journal)

Computational steering

Computational sustainability

Computational theory of mind

Computational thermodynamics

Computational topology

Computational transportation science

Computational trust

Computation in the limit

Computation of cyclic redundancy checks

Computation of time

Computation tree logic

Compute!

Compute!'s Gazette

Computec

Computed radiography

Computed tomography angiography

Computed tomography dose index

Computed tomography laser mammography

Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis

Computed tomography of the head

Computed tomography of the thyroid

Compute kernel

Computer

Computer accessibility

Computeractive

Computer-adaptive sequential testing

Computer addiction

Computer-aided

Computer-aided architectural design

Computer-aided architectural engineering

Computer-aided assessment

Computer-aided audit tools

Computer-aided auscultation

Computer-aided call handling

Computer-aided design

Computer-aided diagnosis

Computer-aided dispatch

Computer-aided engineering

Computer-aided facility management

Computer-aided garden design

Computer-aided lean management

Computer-aided management of emergency operations

Computer-aided manufacturing

Computer-aided mural

Computer-aided process planning

Computer-aided production engineering

Computer-aided quality assurance

Computer-aided software engineering

Computer Aided Surgery (journal)

Computer-aided technologies

Computer Aided Verification

Computer Aid International

Computer algebra

Computer algebra system

Computer & Communications Industry Association

Computer analyst

Computer and Internet Protocol Address Verifier

Computer and network surveillance

Computer and Video Games

Computer animation

Computer Animation Production System

Computer appliance

Computer architecture

Computer architecture simulator

Computer art

Computer art scene

Computer Arts Society

Computer-assisted gaming

Computer-assisted interventions

Computer-assisted language learning

Computer-assisted legal research

Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery

Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System

Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System II

Computer-assisted personal interviewing

Computer-assisted proof

Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software

Computer-assisted reporting

Computer-assisted structure elucidation

Computer-assisted surgery

Computer-assisted survey information collection

Computer-assisted telephone interviewing

Computer-assisted translation

Computer-assisted web interviewing

Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.

Computer Atlas of Surface Topography of Proteins

Computer audio

Computer audition

Computer-automated design

Computer Automated Measurement and Control

Computer-based interlocking

Computer-Based Math

Computer-based mathematics education

Computer-based test interpretation in psychological assessment

Computer Bild

Computer Bismarck

Computer booking system

Computer bridge

Computer bureau

Computer case

Computer case screws

Computer chess

Computer Chess (film)

Computer Chronicles

Computer City

Computer club

Computer cluster

Computer compatibility

Computer component

Computer conferencing

Computer configuration

Computer connection

Computer Conservation Society

Computer console

Computer Consoles Inc.

Computer Control Company

Computer Controlled Acoustic Instruments pt2

Computer cooling

ComputerCop

Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section

Computer data storage

Computer desk

Computer display standard

Computer Doctor

Computer Engineer Barbie

Computer engineering

Computer Engineers Association of Spain

Computer Entertainment Rating Organization

Computer ethics

Computer experiment

Computer facial animation

Computer fan

Computer fan control

Computer file

Computer font

Computer forensics

Computer form factor

Computer fraud

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

Computer game bot Turing Test

Computer Games Magazine

Computer Games (song)

Computer Gaming World

Computer-generated

Computer-generated choreography

Computer-generated holography

Computer-generated imagery

Computer Go

Computer Go UEC Cup

Computer graphics

Computer graphics (computer science)

Computer graphics (disambiguation)

Computer graphics lighting

Computer Graphics Metafile

Computer Graphics (newsletter)

Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice

Computer hardware

Computer History Museum

Computer Hope

Computer humour

Computer image

Computer-induced medical problems

Computer in Love

Computer-integrated manufacturing

Computerised National Identity Card

Computerize

Computerized Achievement Levels Test

Computerized adaptive testing

Computerized Airline Sales and Marketing Association

Computerized Criminal History

Computerized maintenance management system

Computerized physician order entry

Computerized Systems Used In Clinical Trials

Computer Jagat

Computer (job description)

Computer keyboard

Computer lab

Computer Laboratory

ComputerLand

Computer language

Computer Law & Security Review

Computer Lib/Dream Machines

Computer liquidator

Computer literacy

Computer Literacy Bookshops

Computer lock

Computer Love

Computer Love (Kraftwerk song)

Computer Love (Zapp song)

Computer magazine

Computer (magazine)

Computer maintenance

Computerman (web series)

Computer mapping

Computer mathematics

Computer Measurement Group

Computer-mediated communication

Computer-mediated reality

Computer Memories Inc.

Computer memory

Computer Misuse Act 1990

Computer Modelling Group

Computer Modern

Computer monitor

Computer mouse

Computer multitasking

Computer museum

Computer music

Computer Music Center

Computer Music Journal

Computer network

Computer network naming scheme

Computer network operations

Computer network programming

Computer Networks (journal)

Computer number format

Computer Olympiad

Computer Online Forensic Evidence Extractor

Computer-on-module

Computer operator

Computer Othello

Computer People for Peace

Computer performance

Computer performance by orders of magnitude

Computer Peripherals

Computer Physics Communications

Computer Pioneer Award

Computer port (hardware)

Computer Power and Human Reason

Computer processing of body language

Computer Professionals' Union

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility

Computer program

Computer programming

Computer programming in the punched card era

Computer program product

Computer programs and the Patent Cooperation Treaty

Computer Programs Directive

Computer rage

Computer recycling

Computer repair technician

Computer representation of surfaces

Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences

Computer reservation system

Computer room

Computer Russification

Computers & Chemical Engineering

Computers and Intractability

Computers and Mathematics with Applications

Computers and Structures (company)

Computers and Typesetting

Computers are social actors

Computer science

Computer science and engineering

Computer Science (journal)

Computer Science Ontology

Computer Sciences

Computer Sciences Corporation

Computer Science Undergraduate Association

Computer scientist

ComputerScope

Computer security

Computer Security Act of 1987

Computer security conference

Computer security incident management

Computer security model

Computer security software

Computer Service Directorate

Computers, Freedom and Privacy Conference

Computershare

Computer shogi

Computer Shopper

Computer Shopper (US magazine)

Computer simulation

Computer simulation and organizational studies

Computers in Biology and Medicine

Computers in Entertainment

Computers in Human Behavior

Computers in the classroom

Computer Society of India

Computer Society of Southern Africa

Computer Society of Sri Lanka

Computer Space

Computer Space forum

Computer speakers

Computerspielemuseum Berlin

Computer stereo vision

Computer Stored Ambulatory Record

Computer supported brainstorming

Computer-supported collaboration

Computer-supported collaborative learning

Computer-supported cooperative work

Computer-supported telecommunications applications

Computer Systems Research Group

Computer tape

Computer Task Group

Computer technology for developing areas

Computer Technology Limited

Computer telephony integration

Computer terminal

Computer to film

Computer to plate

Computer!Totaal

ComputerTown UK

Computer trespass

Computer University, Thaton

Computer virus

Computervision

Computer vision

Computer vision dazzle

Computer vision syndrome

Computer wargame

Computer Warriors

Computer Weekly

Computer widow

Computer World

Computerworld

Computerworld Smithsonian Award

Computer worm

Computer Zeitung

Computex

Computing

Computing Centre of the Academy of Sciencies

Computing Machine Laboratory

Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Computing (magazine)

Computing performance

Computing platform

Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company

Computing the permanent

Computing Today

Computing with words and perceptions

Computist

Computo (character)

Computo (Danielle Foccart)

Computone

ComputorEdge Magazine

Computron

Computron tube

Computus

Computus clock

Comteq Computer and Business College

Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming

Conceptual model (computer science)

Concern (computer science)

Concurrence (quantum computing)

Concurrency (computer science)

Concurrent computing

Conditional (computer programming)

Cone beam computed tomography

Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Consensus (computer science)

Console (computer games)

Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges

Constant (computer programming)

Constantly computed impact point

Const (computer programming)

Constraint (computational chemistry)

Construction field computing

Consumer braincomputer interfaces

Container format (computing)

Context (computing)

Context of computational complexity

Controller (computing)

Convergence (evolutionary computing)

Convex Computer

Convolution (computer science)

Cookie Monster (computer program)

Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing

Correctness (computer science)

Corvette (computer)

Cotton Candy (single-board computer)

Counterfactual quantum computation

Coupling (computer programming)

Covariance and contravariance (computer science)

Crash (computing)

Creative computing

Creative Computing Benchmark

Creative Computing (magazine)

Critical area (computing)

Cromwell (computing)

Crossbar (computer hardware manufacturer)

Crystal Computing

Cue sheet (computing)

Cyclocomputer

Cyclone (computer)

Daemon (computing)

Dalhousie University Faculty of Computer Science

Dan Connolly (computer scientist)

Daniel A. Reed (computer scientist)

Daniel Murphy (computer scientist)

Daniel Robbins (computer programmer)

Danny Cohen (computer scientist)

Data (computing)

Data General Corp. v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc.

Data-intensive computing

Dave Cliff (computer scientist)

David Abrahams (computer programmer)

David Bader (computer scientist)

David Baron (computer scientist)

David Hartley (computer scientist)

David May (computer scientist)

David Patterson (computer scientist)

David Pearson (computer scientist)

David Peleg (computer scientist)

David Perry (computer specialist)

David Silver (computer scientist)

David Turner (computer scientist)

David Watt (computer scientist)

David Wheeler (computer scientist)

David Zuckerman (computer scientist)

DBM (computing)

Dc (computer program)

Decentralized computing

Decimal computer

Declaration (computer programming)

Decomposition (computer science)

DEC Professional (computer)

Deep Blue (chess computer)

Default (computer science)

Defense in depth (computing)

DeLano Award for Computational Biosciences

De La Salle University College of Computer Studies

Delegation (computer security)

Delegation (computing)

Department of Computer Engineering, University of Peradeniya

Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge

Department of Computer Science, FMPI, Comenius University

Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University

Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign

Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester

Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford

Department of Computing, Imperial College London

Department of Electronics and Accreditation of Computer Classes

DePaul University College of Computing and Digital Media

Derive (computer algebra system)

Desktop computer

Desktop replacement computer

Destructor (computer programming)

Dew computing

DGCA (computing)

DiaGrid (distributed computing network)

DigiBarn Computer Museum

Digital electronic computer

Dilution of precision (computer graphics)

Diploma in Computer Science

Directory (computing)

Dirty Computer

Discrete & Computational Geometry

Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science

Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society

Distributed computing

Distributed Computing Environment

Distributed Computing (journal)

Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications

Dive computer

Divergence (computer science)

DMZ (computing)

DNA computing

Doc (computing)

Doctor of Computer Science

Doel (computer)

Does not compute

Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre

Dovetailing (computer science)

Draft:Bass Computer (album)

Draft:International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing

Draft:Joe Sullivan (computer security)

Draft:Smart computing (platform)

Draft:Ying Zheng (computer scientist)

Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology

Drexel University College of Computing and Informatics

DRTE Computer

Dungeons & Dragons Computer Fantasy Game

Dungeons & Dragons Computer Labyrinth Game

Eagle Computer

Echo (computing)

EckertMauchly Computer Corporation

Edge computing

Edinburgh Concurrent Supercomputer

Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre

Ed Roberts (computer engineer)

Educational Computing Organization of Ontario

EEVIAC Operational Index and Reference Guide, Including Other Modern Computational Devices

Elasticity (cloud computing)

Elbrus (computer)

Electrical computer

Electron beam computed tomography

Electron (computer hacker)

Electronic Fun with Computers & Games

Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis

Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science

Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science

Electronic Workshops in Computing

Elektor Junior Computer

Elektor TV Games Computer

Elitegroup Computer Systems

Elliott Brothers (computer company)

Ellipsis (computer programming)

Emission computed tomography

Emma Hart (computer scientist)

Encapsulation (computer programming)

Endless Computers

End-user computing

Energy proportional computing

English in computing

Enterprise (computer)

Enthusiast computing

Entropy (computing)

Enumerator (computer science)

Epoch (computing)

Epoch Game Pocket Computer

Erik Meijer (computer scientist)

Escom (computer company)

EURO Journal on Computational Optimization

European Association for Computer-Assisted Language Learning

European Association for Theoretical Computer Science

European Computer Driving Licence

European Conference on Computer Vision

European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking

Event (computing)

Everex green computer

Evolutionary computation

Evolutionary Computation (journal)

Exascale computing

Execution (computing)

EXperimental Computing Facility

Explicitly parallel instruction computing

Exploit (computer security)

Expression (computer science)

Expressive power (computer science)

Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment

Fabric computing

FACT (computer language)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb

Fair computational tree logic

Fallacies of distributed computing

Family Computer Network System

Fast Tracks: The Computer Slot Car Construction Kit

FCC Computer Inquiries

Feature (computer vision)

Feature detection (computer vision)

Federal Computer Week

Federated Computing Research Conference

Fencing (computing)

Feni Computer Institute

Fermat (computer algebra system)

Fiber (computer science)

Field (computer science)

FIFO (computing and electronics)

Fifth generation computer

Fingerprint (computing)

Firefly (computer program)

Firewall (computing)

FIU College of Engineering and Computing

Flag day (computing)

Flash mob computing

Flight computer

Flit (computer networking)

Flooding (computer networking)

Florida Atlantic University College of Engineering and Computer Science

Fly (pentop computer)

Focus (computing)

Fog computing

Formal Aspects of Computing

Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision

Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science

Foundations of Computational Mathematics

Fragmentation (computing)

Fragment (computer graphics)

Fred the Computer

Free On-line Dictionary of Computing

French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation

Frontiers of Computer Science

Frontier (supercomputer)

Frosty Treats, Inc. v. Sony Computer Entertainment America, Inc.

Fubar Age of Computer

Fujitsu Siemens Computers

Fullarton Computer Industries Ltd v Central Arbitration Committee

Full disclosure (computer security)

Function composition (computer science)

Fundamental matrix (computer vision)

Funnel (concurrent computing)

Future Generation Computing Systems

Gadget (computer science)

Galaksija (computer)

Games Computers Play

Gaming computer

GAP (computer algebra system)

Garbage collection (computer science)

Garbage (computer science)

Gary Miller (computer scientist)

Gates Computer Science Building, Stanford

Gautam Das (computer scientist)

Gavin Lowe (computer scientist)

Geac Computer Corporation

Gemini Guidance Computer

Gender disparity in computing

General Computer Corporation

General purpose analog computer

General-purpose computing on graphics processing units

Generator (computer programming)

Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference

Genetic improvement (computer science)

Geocomputation

George Michael (computational physicist)

George Morrow (computers)

George Vari Engineering and Computing Centre

Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing

Georgia Tech Online Master of Science in Computer Science

German Climate Computing Centre

Ghostball (computer virus)

Giochi per il mio computer

Glossary of computer chess terms

Glossary of computer graphics

Glossary of computer hardware terms

Glossary of computer software terms

Glossary of reconfigurable computing

Glow (Jackson and His Computerband album)

Goal node (computer science)

Golden Oldies: Volume 1 - Computer Software Classics

Google Compute Engine

Granular computing

Granularity (parallel computing)

Graph cuts in computer vision

Green computing

Greg Nelson (computer scientist)

Gregor von Bochmann (computer scientist)

Grid computing

Grigore Moisil National College of Computer Science (Braov)

Group actions in computational anatomy

Group (computing)

GST Computer Systems

Guard (computer science)

Gun data computer

H.100 (computer telephony)

Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution

HAL Computer Systems

Hal Finney (computer scientist)

Halt and Catch Fire (computing)

Handle (computing)

Hands-free computing

Hang (computing)

Hank Levy (computer scientist)

Hardening (computing)

Hare (computer virus)

Harvard Computers

Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis

Harwell computer

Hauppauge Computer Works

Hayes Microcomputer Products

Hazard (computer architecture)

Header (computing)

Headless computer

Heartbeat (computing)

Henry Baker (computer scientist)

Hercules Computer Technology

Heterogeneous computing

Heuristic (computer science)

Hibernation (computing)

Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation

High-level language computer architecture

High Performance Computing Act of 1991

High Performance Computing Center

High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart

High Performance Computing Modernization Program

High Performance Computing Virtual Laboratory

High Performance Computing Wales

High-performance fuzzy computing

High-performance technical computing

High Productivity Computing Systems

High-resolution computed tomography

High-throughput computing

High-water mark (computer security)

History of automated adaptive instruction in computer applications

History of computed tomography

History of computer hardware in Soviet Bloc countries

History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia

History of computing

History of computing hardware

History of computing hardware (1960spresent)

History of computing in South America

History of computing in the Soviet Union

History of personal computers

History of supercomputing

History of tablet computers

Hitit Computer Services

Homebrew computer

Homebrew Computer Club

Homebuilt computer

Home computer

Honeypot (computing)

Hot spot (computer programming)

How to Solve it by Computer

Hui Zhang (computer scientist)

Human-based computation

Human-based computation game

Human-based evolutionary computation

Human biocomputer

Human-centered computing

Humancomputer chess matches

Humancomputer information retrieval

Humancomputer interaction

Human-Computer Interaction Institute

Humancomputer interaction (security)

Husky (computer)

Hybrid computing

Hybris (computer worm)

Hylomorphism (computer science)

Hypercomputation

Hyperion (computer)

Hyperscale computing

Ian Clarke (computer scientist)

Ian Munro (computer scientist)

IBM 4020 Military Computer

IBM Advanced Computer Systems project

IBM cloud computing

IBM Personal Computer

IBM Personal Computer/AT

IBM Personal Computer XT

IBM Portable Personal Computer

Icon (computing)

ICON (microcomputer)

Identifier (computer languages)

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing

IEEE Computational Intelligence Society

IEEE Computer Society

IEEE Computing Edge

IEEE Design & Test of Computers

IEEE Internet Computing

IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award

IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems

IEEE Transactions on Computers

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing

IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

IMPACT (computer graphics)

Income Computation and Disclosure Standards

Incremental computing

Independent Computing Architecture

Indeterminacy in computation

Indeterminacy in concurrent computation

Index of computing articles

Indian Association for Research in Computing Science

Indian Computing Olympiad

Indic computing

Individual Computers Catweasel

Industrial computed tomography

Influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market

INFOCOMP Journal of Computer Science

Information and Computation

Information and computer science

Input (computer science)

Input enhancement (computer science)

In re Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. Patent Litig.

Installation (computer programs)

Instance (computer science)

Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems

Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals

Institute for Computational and Experimental Research in Mathematics

Institute for Computational Sustainability

Institute for Computer Science and Control

Institute for Logic, Language and Computation

Institute for Quantum Computing

Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics

Institute of Computer Science

Institute of Control and Computation Engineering of the University of Zielona Gra

Institute of Cryptography, Telecommunications and Computer Science

Institute of Management and Computer Studies

Instituto Superior de Tecnologia em Cincias da Computao do Rio de Janeiro

Instrumentation (computer programming)

Integer (computer science)

Integrated computational materials engineering

Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Intel Compute Stick

Intelligent computer-assisted language learning

Intelligent Computing CHIP magazine (India)

Interact Home Computer

Interactive computation

Interactive computing

Interactive evolutionary computation

Intercultural communicative competence in computer-supported collaborative learning

Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling

Interface (computing)

Intergalactic Computer Network

International Association for Computing and Philosophy

International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation

International Camp on Communication and Computers

International Computer and Information Literacy Study

International Computer Archive of Modern and Medieval English

International Computer Music Conference

International Computer Security Association

International Computers Limited

International Computing Centre

International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics

International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing

International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

International Conference on Computer and Information Technology

International Conference on Computer Vision

International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems

International Conference on High Performance Computing

International Conference on Interactive Computer Aided Learning

International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

International Conference on Service Oriented Computing

International Festival of Computer Arts

International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering

International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology

International Journal of Algebra and Computation

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

International Journal of Computational Geometry and Applications

International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications

International Journal of Computational Methods

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

International Journal of Computer Mathematics

International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages

International Journal of Computer Vision

International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science

International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications

International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing

International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science

International Society for Analysis, its Applications and Computation

International Society for Computational Biology

International Society for Computational Biology Student Council

International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation, and Engineering

International Symposium on Computer Architecture

International Symposium on Distributed Computing

International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science

International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation

Interpreter (computing)

Interton Video Computer 4000

Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation

IPAQ (desktop computer)

Iran Computer and Video Games Foundation

Ishfaq Ahmad (computer scientist)

Israel Inter-University Computation Center

Jackson and His Computerband

Jacques Cohen (computer scientist)

Jaguar (supercomputer)

James H. Anderson (computer scientist)

Janusz Brzozowski (computer scientist)

Japan Computer Access Network

Japanese language and computers

Jeff Dean (computer scientist)

Jerusalem (computer virus)

Jim Brown (computer scientist)

Jim Davies (computer scientist)

Jim Gray (computer scientist)

Jim Hall (computer programmer)

Jim Thomas (computer scientist)

Jim Warren (computer specialist)

Jim Whitehead (computer scientist)

Jin Li (computer scientist)

Job (computing)

Job control (computing)

John Barnes (computer scientist)

John Fitch (computer scientist)

John Fitzgerald (computer scientist)

John Hughes (computer scientist)

John Iliffe (computer designer)

John Lilly (computer scientist)

John McCarthy (computer scientist)

John Platt (computer scientist)

John R. Rice (computer scientist)

John von Neumann Computer Society

Joint Computer Conference

Jon Bentley (computer scientist)

Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation

Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers

Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics

Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics

Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics

Journal of Computational Biology

Journal of Computational Chemistry

Journal of Computational Geometry

Journal of Computational Physics

Journal of Computer and System Sciences

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography

Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering

Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges

Journal of Grid Computing

Journal of Logic and Computation

Journal of Organizational and End User Computing

Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation

Journal of Symbolic Computation

Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society

Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics

Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry

Journal of Universal Computer Science

Joy's law (computing)

Juan Benet (computer scientist)

Jurassic Park (computer video game)

Kabru (supercomputer)

Kama Sutra (computer worm)

K computer

Keith Clark (computer scientist)

Ken Kennedy (computer scientist)

Kevin Lynch (computing)

Kevin Scott (computer scientist)

Khoury College of Computer Sciences

Kilobaud Microcomputing

Kobe Institute of Computing

Korea Computer Center

Kraken (supercomputer)

Kudos (computer program)

Kudzu (computer daemon)

Kyle Brown (computer scientist)

Label (computer science)

Laboratory for Computational Cultural Dynamics

Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science

Language Acquisition Device (computer)

Language and Computers

Language Computer Corporation

Launch Vehicle Digital Computer

Layout (computing)

Leaf class (computer programming)

Leap (computer worm)

Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Leecher (computing)

Leibniz Supercomputing Centre

LEO (computer)

Level 9 Computing

Level of detail (computer graphics)

Library (computing)

Lilith (computer)

Lillian Lee (computer scientist)

Limits of computation

Linear optical quantum computing

Linker (computing)

Liquid Computing

Liquid computing

Li Sheng (computer scientist)

Listing (computer)

List of 16-bit computer color palettes

List of 3D computer graphics software

List of 8-bit computer hardware graphics

List of awards in bioinformatics and computational biology

List of books in computational geometry

List of British computers

List of companies involved in quantum computing or communication

List of computability and complexity topics

List of computer algebra systems

List of computer-animated films

List of computer books

List of computer bus interfaces

List of computer criminals

List of computer hardware manufacturers

List of computer museums

List of computer occupations

List of computer science conferences

List of computer security certifications

List of computer simulation software

List of computers running CP/M

List of computer standards

List of computers with on-board BASIC

List of computer system emulators

List of computer system manufacturers

List of computer systems from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

List of computer term etymologies

List of computer worms

List of computing and IT abbreviations

List of convertible tablet computer brands

List of cosmological computation software

List of distributed computing projects

List of early microcomputers

List of early third generation computers

List of Enix home computer games

List of Family Computer Disk System games

List of Family Computer games

List of fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery

List of fellows of the International Society for Computational Biology

List of fictional computers

List of films about computers

List of Fortune 500 computer software and information companies

List of home computers

List of important publications in computer science

List of important publications in concurrent, parallel, and distributed computing

List of important publications in theoretical computer science

List of Jewish American computer scientists

List of Linux-supported computer architectures

List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (computer and information sciences)

List of MT-32-compatible computer games

List of numerical computational geometry topics

List of open-source computing hardware

List of pioneers in computer science

List of presidents of the British Computer Society

List of Soviet computer systems

List of text-based computer games

List of transistorized computers

List of unsolved problems in computer science

List of vacuum tube computers

Lists of computers

Lists of microcomputers

Literal (computer programming)

Little Computer 3

Little Computer People

Little man computer

Living Computers: Museum + Labs

LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics

Load balancing (computing)

Load (computing)

Loader (computing)

Local Computer Networks Conference

Locale (computer software)

Lock (computer science)

Lockstep (computing)

Locus Computing Corporation

Logical Methods in Computer Science

Logic for Computable Functions

Logic in computer science

Logjam (computer security)

Loki (computer)

Lola (computing)

LossDiVincenzo quantum computer

Love Thru the Computer

M4 (computer language)

Macaroons (computer science)

Macro (computer science)

Magma (computer algebra system)

Mainframe computer

MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc.

Manchester computers

Manik Varma (computer scientist)

Manny Lehman (computer scientist)

Marconi Transistorised Automatic Computer (T.A.C.)

Mark 8 Fire Control Computer

Mark Dean (computer scientist)

Market share of personal computer vendors

Markus Kuhn (computer scientist)

Marshalling (computer science)

Martin Newell (computer scientist)

Mary Shaw (computer scientist)

Mask (computing)

Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center

Mathematics and Computer Education

Mathematics and Computing College

Mathematics of Computation

Maxon Computer GmbH

Mechanical computer

Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing

Medical image computing

Melissa (computer virus)

Memory cell (computing)

Memory semantics (computing)

Menu (computing)

Mesa (computer graphics)

Message passing in computer clusters

Meta learning (computer science)

Metaphor Computer Systems

Method (computer programming)

Methods of computing square roots

Michael Butler (computer scientist)

Michael Heath (computer scientist)

Michael J. Carey (computer scientist)

Michael Reiter (computer scientist)

Michael Wooldridge (computer scientist)

Michelangelo (computer virus)

Microcomputer

Microcomputer Associates, Incorporated

Microcomputer Club Nederland

Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation

Microsoft Corp. v. Harmony Computers & Electronics, Inc.

Microsoft Institute for High Performance Computing

Midrange computer

Military computers

Mindset (computer)

Minicomputer

Minimalism (computing)

Minisupercomputer

Minsk family of computers

Mira (supercomputer)

MIR (computer)

Misfortune Cookie (computers)

MIT Computation Center

MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

MIT Schwarzman College of Computing

Mobile cloud computing

Mobile computer-supported collaborative learning

Mobile computing

Mobile Computing and Communications Review

Mobile edge computing

Modality (humancomputer interaction)

Model of computation

Models of neural computation

Molecular computational identification

Mong Kok Computer Centre

Moorestown (computing platform)

Motion Computing

Motion Interpolation (computer graphics)

Motorola Single Board Computers

Motorola X8 Mobile Computing System

Mount (computing)

M series (computer)

MSU Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics

Multithreading (computer architecture)

Multivariate optical computing

Mung (computer term)

Museum Computer Network

Name resolution (computer systems)

Nanocomputer

NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division

Nascom (computer kit)

Nathaniel Rochester (computer scientist)

National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging

National Center for High-Performance Computing

National Center for Supercomputing Applications

National Centers for Biomedical Computing

National Centre for Computer Animation

National Computational Infrastructure

National Computer Center for Higher Education (France)

National Computerization Agency

National Computer Rank Examination

National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center

National Institute for Computational Sciences

National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou

National Supercomputing Center for Energy and the Environment

National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin

National Supercomputing Center (Shenzhen)

National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

Native (computing)

Natural computing

Natural Computing (journal)

Naval Computer and Telecommunications Command

NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center

NDR-Klein-Computer

Nebula (computing platform)

Nesting (computing)

Netsky (computer worm)

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

NetworkComputer

Network Computer

Network Computer Reference Profile

Network computing

Network Computing Architecture

Neukom Institute for Computational Science

Neumont College of Computer Science

Neural computation

Neural Computation (journal)

Neurocomputer

Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography

New Mathematics and Natural Computation

New World Computing

New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab

NeXT Computer

Next-Generation Secure Computing Base

Next Unit of Computing

Nick Jennings (computer scientist)

Nissan Motors v. Nissan Computer

Nixdorf Computer

NLS (computer system)

Node (computer science)

No instruction set computing

NonStop (server computers)

North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

North American Computational Linguistics Open Competition

Northbridge (computing)

North Star Computers

Norwegian Computing Center

Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law

Nova Southeastern University College of Engineering and Computing

NovemailHistorLaser Computer

Novena (computing platform)

Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer

Numbering (computability theory)

Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility

Object (computer science)

Occasionally connected computing

Octet (computing)

Oded Regev (computer scientist)

Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences

Odin Computer Graphics

Odra (computer)

Offset (computer science)

OK Computer

OK Computer OKNOTOK 1997 2017

Oldenburger Computer-Museum

One-instruction set computer

One-to-one computing

One-way quantum computer

Ontario (computer virus)

On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computer Science

Open Architecture Computing Environment

Open Compute Project

Open Computer Network

Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call

Open system (computing)

Operation of computed tomography

Operator (computer programming)

Optical computing

Optimal computing budget allocation

ORCA (computer system)

Orchestration (computing)

Organic computer

Organic computing

Organizational unit (computing)

Osborne Computer Corporation

scar Pastor (computer scientist)

Outline of computer engineering

Outline of computer programming

Outline of computer science

Outline of computer vision

Outline of computing

Outline of humancomputer interaction

Overhead (computing)

Overwriting (computer science)

Owl Scientific Computing

Oxford University Computing Services

Pablo Rodriguez (computer scientist)

Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing

Page (computer memory)

Palette (computing)

Paned window (computing)

Panel (computer software)

Paper computer

Parallel computation thesis

Parallel Computers, Inc.

Parallel computing

Parameter (computer programming)

Paraphrasing (computational linguistics)

Partner Institute for Computational Biology

Patch (computing)

Path computation element

Path (computing)

Paul Horn (computer scientist)

Pawsey Supercomputing Centre

Paxos (computer science)

Payload (computing)

PC/Computing

Peloton (supercomputer)

Pen computing

Penguin Computing

People's Computer Company

Perceptual computing

Periphere Computer Systeme

Perlmutter (supercomputer)

PERM (computer)

Persistence (computer science)

Personal and Ubiquitous Computing

Personal computer

Personal Computer Magazine

Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

Personal Computer Museum

Personality computing

Pertec Computer

Petascale computing

Peter Baumann (computer scientist)

Peter Gutmann (computer scientist)

Peter Lee (computer scientist)

Peter Norton Computing

Peter Smith (computer scientist)

Peter Vogel (computer designer)

Petit Computer

PEZY Computing

Philco computers

Phoebe (computer)

Phoenix (computer)

Photon-counting computed tomography

Physical computing

Physics of computation

Pin (computer program)

Pipeline (computing)

Pixar Image Computer

Piz Daint (supercomputer)

PLATO (computational chemistry)

PLATO (computer system)

Pleiades (supercomputer)

PLOS Computational Biology

Plug computer

Plug-in (computing)

Pocket computer

Pocket-sized computer

Pointer (computer programming)

Police National Computer

Polling (computer science)

Poltergeist (computer programming)

Polyglot (computing)

Polygon (computer graphics)

Polymorphic Systems (computers)

Polymorphism (computer science)

Pool (computer science)

Popping (computer graphics)

Poppy.Computer

Poppy.Computer Tour

Popular Computing Weekly

Portable computer

Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation

Portable object (computing)

Portal:Companies/Index by industry/Sub/Computer

Portal (computer)

Portal:Computer programming

Portal:Humancomputer interaction

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/box-footer

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/box-header

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Categories

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Intro

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Nominate/Selected article

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Nominate/Selected picture

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/People

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Projects

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Related portals

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected article

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected article/1

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected article/2

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected article/3

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected article/5

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected biography/2

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected person

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected picture

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected picture/1

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected picture/2

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected picture/3

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Selected picture/5

Portal:Humancomputer interaction/Topics

Port (computer networking)

Pose (computer vision)

Power Computing Corporation

Power supply unit (computer)

Practical Computing

Pravetz computers

Precomputation

Precomputed Radiance Transfer

Predication (computer architecture)

Preemption (computing)

Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science

Prime Computer

Princeton Application Repository for Shared-Memory Computers

Principal (computer security)

Printer (computing)

Privacy-enhanced computer display

Privacy-preserving computational geometry

Privatization (computer programming)

Privilege (computing)

Process (computing)

Process management (computing)

Processor (computing)

PRODIGAL (computer system)

Production (computer science)

Professional certification (computer technology)

Profiling (computer programming)

Programming Computable Functions

Proposed directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions

Protected computer

Proton computed tomography

PSI (computational chemistry)

Public computer

Pulse computation

Pumping (computer systems)

Qatar Computing Research Institute

Quanta Computer

Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.

Quantitative computed tomography

Quantum Computation and Quantum Information

Quantum Computation Language

Quantum computing

Quine (computing)

Quorum (distributed computing)

Radio Computing Services

Radiosity (computer graphics)

Range (computer programming)

Rank (computer programming)

Raymond Lister (computer science researcher)

Reading (computer)

Real computation

Real-time computer graphics

Real-time computing

Re Atlantic Computer Systems plc (No 1)

Reconfigurable computing

Record (computer science)

Recovery-oriented computing

Recursion (computer science)

Redirection (computing)

Red Storm (computing)

Reduce (computer algebra system)

Reduced instruction set computer

Red zone (computing)

Reentrancy (computing)

Reference (computer science)

Refinement (computing)

Reflection (computer graphics)

Reification (computer science)

Reliability (computer networking)

Relief mapping (computer graphics)

Relocation (computing)

Remote computer

Renaissance Computing Institute

Rename (computing)

Rendering (computer graphics)

Replication (computing)

Research and Technology Computing Center (France)

Research Computing Services

Research in Computational Molecular Biology

Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science

Research Institute of Computer Science and Random Systems

Research on Language and Computation

Reset (computing)

Resource management (computing)

Resource-oriented computing

Retro Computer Museum

Retrocomputing

Reversible computing

Ribbon (computing)

Rice Institute Computer

Richard Bird (computer scientist)

Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing

Richard Turner (computer scientist)

Riemannian metric and Lie bracket in computational anatomy

Rigetti Computing

Risk factor (computing)

Robert Everett (computer scientist)

Robert Palmer (computer businessman)

Robert Taylor (computer scientist)

Robert Watson (computer scientist)

Robust geometric computation

Robustness (computer science)

Rugged computer

Rule of three (computer programming)

Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal

Ryan Williams (computer scientist)

Sabre (computer system)

SAGE Computer Technology

Samuel Madden (computer scientist)

Samy (computer worm)

Sandbox (computer security)

San Diego Supercomputer Center

Sasser (computer worm)

SCA (computer virus)

Scale factor (computer science)

SCC (Specialist Computer Centres)

Scenario (computing)

Schedule (computer science)

Scheduling (computing)

Scientific Computing & Instrumentation

Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute

Scope (computer science)

SEAC (computer)

Search engine (computing)

Seattle Computer Products

Secure computing

Secure Computing Corporation

Secure multi-party computation

Secure two-party computation

Security and Privacy in Computer Systems

Seeding (computing)

Self-management (computer science)

Semantics (computer science)

Semicomputable function

Sentient computer

Sentient computing

Sequent Computer Systems

Sequoia (supercomputer)

Serial computer

Server (computing)

Serverless computing

Session (computer science)

SEX (computing)

Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award

Shaheen (supercomputer)

SHARE (computing)

Sharp pocket computer character sets

Shell (computing)

Shim (computing)

Short Code (computer language)

Shortcut (computing)

Shutdown (computing)

SIAM Journal on Computing

SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing

Side effect (computer science)

Sierra (supercomputer)

SIESTA (computer program)

SIGCSE Award for Lifetime Service to the Computer Science Education Community

SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education

Sigil (computer programming)

Silicon Valley Computer Group Philippines

Silliman University College of Computer Studies

Simile (computer virus)

Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments

Simplified Instructional Computer

Single-board computer

Single-photon emission computed tomography

Sink (computing)

Skcin computer tan hoax

Skeleton (computer programming)

Skin (computing)

Skipper (computer software)

Slider (computing)

Slowloris (computer security)

SmartComputing

Smash (Jackson and His Computerband album)

SMIL (computer)

Snapshot (computer storage)

Snowball (single-board computer)

Social computing

Socially relevant computing

Social Science Computer Review

Sociedade Brasileira de Matemtica Aplicada e Computacional

Society for Computation in Psychology

Solbourne Computer

Sol (computer)

Song (KAIST) Iyengar (LSU) MobiCon Middleware Computing Platform

Sony Computer Entertainment America, Inc. v. Hotz

Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.

Sony Computer Entertainment Japan

Sord Computer Corporation

Sound and music computing

Soundboard (computer program)

South African Computer Olympiad

South Central Ohio Computer Association

SPARKLE Computer

Spawn (computing)

Spencer Kimball (computer programmer)

Spinner (computing)

Split-brain (computing)

Sprite (computer graphics)

Sprout (computer)

St Albans City and DC v International Computers Ltd

Stanford Center for Computers and the Law

Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game)

Starvation (computer science)

Statistics and Computing

Statistics Online Computational Resource

Stephen Robertson (computer scientist)

Stepney Green Maths, Computing and Science College

Stereogum Presents... OKX: A Tribute to OK Computer

Steve Chen (computer engineer)

Steve Cunningham (computer scientist)

Steve Gibson (computer programmer)

Steve Lawrence (computer scientist)

Stevens v Kabushiki Kaisha Sony Computer Entertainment

Steve Schneider (computer scientist)

Steve Vickers (computer scientist)

Stochastic computing

Stoned (computer virus)

Stored-program computer

Straftaten gegen die ffentliche Ordnung Gegen ein Verbot von Action-Computerspielen

Strategic Computing Initiative

Stream (computer science)

Stream (computing)

Strela computer

String (computer science)

Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs

Stylus (computing)

Sue Black (computer scientist)

SUHA (computer science)

Summit (supercomputer)

Sunday (computer virus)

Supercomputer

Supercomputer Education Research Centre

Supercomputer operating system

SUPER (computer program)

Supercomputing and Visualization Center of Madrid

Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Supercomputing in China

Supercomputing in Europe

Supercomputing in India

Supercomputing in Pakistan

Superconducting computing

Superconducting quantum computing

Super Harvard Architecture Single-Chip Computer

Superminicomputer

Supertek Computers

Surface computer

Surface computing

SWAC (computer)

Swap (computer programming)

Swedish Board for Computing Machinery

Swedish Institute of Computer Science

Swiss National Supercomputing Centre

Syllable (computing)

Symbols for Legacy Computing

Symposium on Computational Geometry

Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science

Symposium on Logic in Computer Science

Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing

Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science

Symposium on Theory of Computing

Synchronization (computer science)

System G (supercomputer)

System X (supercomputer)

Systime Computers

Table computer

Tablet computer

Tadpole Computer

Taiwania (supercomputer)

Tandem Computers

Tandy 10 Business Computer System

Tandy Pocket Computer

Tangerine Computer Systems

Tanktics: Computer Game of Armored Combat on the Eastern Front

Tar (computing)

Task (computing)

Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

Ten Computational Canons

Tera Computer Company

Ternary computer

Tetrahedron Computer Methodology

Texas Advanced Computing Center

Texas Instruments Compact Computer 40

Texas Instruments Professional Computer

Texas Instruments Professional Computer and Professional Portable Computer

The Art of Computer Game Design

The Art of Computer Programming

The Centre for Computing History

The Computer Connection

The Computer Contradictionary

The Computer Edition of Risk: The World Conquest Game

The Computer Edition of Scrabble

The Computer Journal

The Computer Language Benchmarks Game

The Computer Museum

The Computer Museum, Boston

The Computer Paper

The Computer Programme

The Computers

The Computer Wore Menace Shoes

The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes (1995 film)

The Computing Centre of Madrid Complutense University

The Higher Institute of Computer Technology

The Journal of Supercomputing

The Man Who Invented the Computer

Theme (computing)

The National Museum of Computing

Theoretical computer science

Theoretical Computer Science (journal)

Theory of computation

Theory of Computing

Theory of Computing Systems

The Palace (computer program)

The Public-Access Computer Systems Review

The Punisher (1990 computer game)

The Ultimate Computer

This (computer programming)

Thomas M. Siebel Center for Computer Science

Thomas Sterling (computing)

Thomas Whitney (computing)

Thorn EMI Computer Software

Thrashing (computer science)

Thread (computing)

Threat (computer)

Throttling process (computing)

TI Advanced Scientific Computer

Tim Bell (computer scientist)

Timeline of computer animation in film and television

Timeline of computer viruses and worms

Timeline of computing

Timeline of computing 19501979

Timeline of computing 19801989

Timeline of computing 19901999

Timeline of computing 20002009

Timeline of computing 20102019

Timeline of computing 20202029

Timeline of computing hardware before 1950

Timeline of quantum computing and communication

Timeline of women in computing

Timeout (computing)

Timex Computer 2048

Tiny Computers

Titan (supercomputer)

Tom Lane (computer scientist)

Tom Miller (computer programmer)

Tom Porter (computer scientist)

Topological quantum computer

Toronto Computer Leasing Inquiry

Torpedo Data Computer

Trademark (computer security)

Traffic flow (computer networking)

Trailer (computing)

Trait (computer programming)

Trampoline (computing)

Transcomputational problem

Transfer (computing)

Transient (computer programming)

Transistor computer

Transition (computer science)

Translator (computing)

Transparency (humancomputer interaction)

Trap (computing)

Trapped ion quantum computer

Trash (computing)

Trenton Computer Festival

Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine

TRILL (computing)

Trim (computing)

Trimming (computer programming)

Trojan horse (computing)

TRS-80 Color Computer

Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria

Trusted Computing

Trusted computing base

Trusted Computing Group

Trustworthy computing

Tsubame (supercomputer)

Tudor Vianu National College of Computer Science

Tulip Computers

TUM Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Turku Centre for Computer Science

UBC Department of Computer Science

Ubiquitous computing

UCPH Department of Computer Science

Ulster University Faculty of Computing and Engineering

Ultra-low-cost personal computer

UMC (computer)

Uncomputation

Unconventional computing

Underwater computer vision

Unification (computer science)

Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act

United Nations University Institute on Computing and Society

University Computing Centre

University of California High-Performance AstroComputing Center

University of Campinas Institute of Computing

University of Central Florida College of Engineering and Computer Science

University of Colorado Boulder Computer Science Department

University of Computer Studies, Kalay

University of Computer Studies (Pakokku)

University of Computer Studies, Yangon

University of Kyiv Faculty of Radio Physics, Electronics and Computer Systems

University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences

University of Maryland HumanComputer Interaction Lab

University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Information and Computer Sciences

University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute

University of Toronto Department of Computer Science

UO Computer and Information Science Department

UP Diliman Department of Computer Science

Urban computing

Urgent computing

USC-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center

User (computing)

User:Crazycomputers/VandalSniper

User:Daniel Mietchen/Talks/PLOS Computational Biology 2013

User:Ihcoyc/The presumption of non-notability for Internet related, computing, and services businesses

Utility computing

Valerie Taylor (computer scientist)

Value (computer science)

Vanish (computer science)

Variable (computer science)

Verifiable computing

Verification and validation of computer simulation models

Vertex (computer graphics)

Victorian Partnership for Advanced Computing

VideoBrain Family Computer

VideoGames & Computer Entertainment

Videoton TV-Computer

Vietnamese language and computers

Vintage Computer Festival

Virtual Museum of Computing

Virtual Network Computing

Virtual organization (grid computing)

Virtual Storage Personal Computing

Visual computing

Voice computing

Volatile (computer programming)

Volume (computing)

Volunteer computing

Voyager (computer worm)

Vsync (computing)

VTech PreComputer 2000

Vulnerability (computing)

Wallpaper (computing)

Walter Brenner (computer scientist)

Wanganui Computer Centre bombing

WANK (computer worm)

Watson (computer)

Watumull Institute of Electronics Engineering and Computer Technology

WDMA (computer)

WDR Computerclub

WDR paper computer

Wearable computer

Webster's Microcomputer Buyer's Guide

Wei Wang (computer scientist)

Wei Zhao (computer scientist)

Western Australian Regional Computing Centre

Western Latin character sets (computing)

Westwood (computer virus)

Wetware computer

Whale (computer virus)

Wheel (computing)

White box (computer hardware)

Whitechapel Computer Works

White hat (computer security)

Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Computing

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics

William Clinger (computer scientist)

William Newman (computer scientist)

WIMP (computing)

Window (computing)

Windows for Pen Computing

Wishbone (computer bus)

Witty (computer worm)

Women in computing

Word (computer architecture)

Word mark (computer hardware)

Workgroup (computer networking)

Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation

World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists

World Computer Exchange

Worldwide LHC Computing Grid

Xyzzy (computing)

Yellowstone (supercomputer)

Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute

YLMF Computer Technology Co., Ltd.

Your Computer

Z1 (computer)

Z22 (computer)

Z25 (computer)

Z2 (computer)

Z3 (computer)

Z4 (computer)

Zero-day (computing)

Zhiming Liu (computer scientist)

Zombie (computing)

Zygmunt Vetulani (computer scientist)

-net (computational geometry)