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branches ::: Quadrivium

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object:Quadrivium
subject class:Education
wiki:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrivium

--- WIKI INTRO
  In liberal arts education, the quadrivium (plural: quadrivia[1]) consists of the four subjects or arts (namely arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy), taught after teaching the trivium. The word is Latin, meaning four ways, and its use for the four subjects has been attributed to Boethius or Cassiodorus in the 6th century.[2][3] Together, the trivium and the quadrivium comprised the seven liberal arts (based on thinking skills),[4] as distinguished from the practical arts (such as medicine and architecture).

  The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. These followed the preparatory work of the trivium, consisting of grammar, logic, and rhetoric. In turn, the quadrivium was considered the foundation for the study of philosophy (sometimes called the "liberal art par excellence")[5] and theology. The quadrivium was the upper division of the medieval education in the liberal arts, which comprised arithmetic (number), geometry (number in space), music (number in time), and astronomy (number in space and time). Educationally, the trivium and the quadrivium imparted to the student the seven liberal arts (essential thinking skills) of classical antiquity.[6]




For most medieval scholars, who believed that God created the universe according to geometric and harmonic principles, science particularly geometry and astronomy was linked directly to the divine. To seek these principles, therefore, would be to seek God.


--- Origins
  These four studies compose the secondary part of the curriculum outlined by Plato in The Republic and are described in the seventh book of that work (in the order Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy, Music). [4] The quadrivium is implicit in early Pythagorean writings and in the De nuptiis of Martianus Capella, although the term quadrivium was not used until Boethius, early in the sixth century.[7] As Proclus wrote:

  The Pythagoreans considered all mathematical science to be divided into four parts: one half they marked off as concerned with quantity, the other half with magnitude; and each of these they posited as twofold. A quantity can be considered in regard to its character by itself or in its relation to another quantity, magnitudes as either stationary or in motion. Arithmetic, then, studies quantities as such, music the relations between quantities, geometry magnitude at rest, spherics [astronomy] magnitude inherently moving.[8]

--- Medieval usage
  Woman teaching geometry. Illustration at the beginning of a medieval translation of Euclid's Elements, (c. 1310)

  At many medieval universities, this would have been the course leading to the degree of Master of Arts (after the BA). After the MA, the student could enter for bachelor's degrees of the higher faculties (Theology, Medicine or Law). To this day, some of the postgraduate degree courses lead to the degree of Bachelor (the B.Phil and B.Litt. degrees are examples in the field of philosophy).

  The study was eclectic, approaching the philosophical objectives sought by considering it from each aspect of the quadrivium within the general structure demonstrated by Proclus (AD 412485), namely arithmetic and music on the one hand[9] and geometry and cosmology on the other.[10]

  The subject of music within the quadrivium was originally the classical subject of harmonics, in particular the study of the proportions between the musical intervals created by the division of a monochord. A relationship to music as actually practised was not part of this study, but the framework of classical harmonics would substantially influence the content and structure of music theory as practised in both European and Islamic cultures.


--- Modern usage
  In modern applications of the liberal arts as curriculum in colleges or universities, the quadrivium may be considered to be the study of number and its relationship to space or time: arithmetic was pure number, geometry was number in space, music was number in time, and astronomy was number in space and time. Morris Kline classified the four elements of the quadrivium as pure (arithmetic), stationary (geometry), moving (astronomy), and applied (music) number.[11]

  This schema is sometimes referred to as "classical education", but it is more accurately a development of the 12th- and 13th-century Renaissance with recovered classical elements, rather than an organic growth from the educational systems of antiquity. The term continues to be used by the Classical education movement and at the independent Oundle School, in the United Kingdom.[12]

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now begins generated list of local instances, definitions, quotes, instances in chapters, wordnet info if available and instances among weblinks


OBJECT INSTANCES [0] - TOPICS - AUTHORS - BOOKS - CHAPTERS - CLASSES - SEE ALSO - SIMILAR TITLES

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IN CHAPTERS TITLE

IN CHAPTERS CLASSNAME

IN CHAPTERS TEXT

PRIMARY CLASS

SIMILAR TITLES
Quadrivium

DEFINITIONS


TERMS STARTING WITH

Quadrivium (Latin) [from quattuor four + via path] A place where four roads meet and cross; used by Boethius and medieval scholars to denote the higher division of the seven liberal arts: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy; the lower division, or trivium, consists of grammar, logic, and rhetoric.

Quadrivium: (Lat. quatuor, and viae, four ways) The second, and more advanced group of liberal arts studies in the middle ages, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music. -- V.J.B.

quadrivium ::: n. --> The four "liberal arts," arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; -- so called by the schoolmen. See Trivium.

quadrivium ::: The use of any one quadrant as a perspective with which one can view an occasion.


TERMS ANYWHERE

Abailard, Peter: (1079-1142) Was born at Pallet in France; distinguished himself as a brilliant student of the trivium and quadrivium; studied logic with Roscelin and Wm. of Champeaux. He taught philosophy, with much emphasis on dialectic, at Melun, Corbeil, and the schools of St. Genevieve and Notre Dame in Paris. He was lecturing on theology in Paris c. 1113 when he was involved in the romantic and unfortunate interlude with Heloise. First condemned for heresy in 1121, he became Abbot of St. Gildas in 1125, and after returning to teach theology in Paris, his religious views were censured by the Council of Sens (1141). He died at Cluny after making his peace with God and his Church. Tactless, but very intelligent, Abailard set the course of mediaeval philosophy for two centuries with his interest in the problem of universals. He appears to have adopted a nominalistic solution, rather than the semi-realistic position attributed to him by the older historians. Chief works: Sic et Non (c. 1122), Theologia Christiana (c. 1124), Scito Teipsum (1125-1138) and several Logical Glosses (ed. B. Geyer, Abaelard's Philos. Schrift. BGPM, XXI, 1-3).

Quadrivium (Latin) [from quattuor four + via path] A place where four roads meet and cross; used by Boethius and medieval scholars to denote the higher division of the seven liberal arts: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy; the lower division, or trivium, consists of grammar, logic, and rhetoric.

Quadrivium: (Lat. quatuor, and viae, four ways) The second, and more advanced group of liberal arts studies in the middle ages, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music. -- V.J.B.

Integral Semiotics ::: An AQAL approach to the study of signs and symbols, where the referent of any sign is said to exist within a specific worldspace. By way of a quadrivium, Integral Semiotics associates the signifier with the Upper-Right quadrant, the signified with the Upper-Left quadrant, semantics with the Lower-Left quadrant, and syntax with the Lower-Right quadrant. See sign, signifier, signified, semantics, syntax, and referent.

quadrivial ::: a. --> Having four ways meeting in a point. ::: n. --> One of the four "liberal arts" making up the quadrivium.

quadrivium ::: n. --> The four "liberal arts," arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; -- so called by the schoolmen. See Trivium.

quadrivium ::: The use of any one quadrant as a perspective with which one can view an occasion.

T. L. Heath, The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements, translated from the text of Heiberg, with introduction and commentary, 3 vols., Cambridge, England, 1908. Gerbert of Aurillac: (Pope Sylvester II, died 1003) Was one of the greatest scholars of the 10th century. He studied at Aurillac with Odo of Cluny, learned something of Arabian science during three years spent in Spain. He taught at the school of Rheims, became Abbot of Bobbio (982), Archbishop of Rheims (991), Archbishop of Ravenna (998), Pope in 999. A master of the seven liberal aits, he excelled in his knowledge of the quadrivium, i.e. logic, math., astron. and music. His works, the most important of which are on mathematics, are printed in PL 139, 57-338. -- V.J.B.

Trivium: (Lat. tres, and viae, three ways) The first three disciplines in the mediaeval, educational system of seven liberal arts. The trivium includes grammar, rhetoric and dialectic See Quadrivium. -- V.J.B.



QUOTES [1 / 1 - 4 / 4]


KEYS (10k)

   1 Hugh of Saint Victor

NEW FULL DB (2.4M)


1:Out of all the sciences... the ancients, in their studies, especially selected seven to be mastered by those who were to be educated. These seven they considered so to excel all the rest in usefulness that anyone who had been thoroughly schooled in them might afterward come to knowledge of the others by his own inquiry and effort rather than by listening to a teacher. For these, one might say, constitute the best instruments, the best rudiments, by which the way is prepared for the mind's complete knowledge of philosophic truth. Therefore they are called by the name trivium and quadrivium, because by them, as by certain ways (viae), a quick mind enters into the secret places of wisdom. ~ Hugh of Saint Victor, Didascalicon,

*** WISDOM TROVE ***

*** NEWFULLDB 2.4M ***

1:quadrivium (music, geometry, astronomy, and arithmetic). ~ Anonymous,
2:How I fevered to study the seven liberal arts: the trivium of grammar, logic, and rhetoric, and the quadrivium of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. ~ Mary Sharratt,
3:The lectures began early in the morning, finished at dusk, in the cold, comfortless, straw-strewn rooms. The stuff of the lectures, the Quadrivium and the Trivium, seems ~ C P Snow,
4:Out of all the sciences... the ancients, in their studies, especially selected seven to be mastered by those who were to be educated. These seven they considered so to excel all the rest in usefulness that anyone who had been thoroughly schooled in them might afterward come to knowledge of the others by his own inquiry and effort rather than by listening to a teacher. For these, one might say, constitute the best instruments, the best rudiments, by which the way is prepared for the mind's complete knowledge of philosophic truth. Therefore they are called by the name trivium and quadrivium, because by them, as by certain ways (viae), a quick mind enters into the secret places of wisdom. ~ Hugh of Saint Victor, Didascalicon,

IN CHAPTERS [0/0]









WORDNET



--- Overview of noun quadrivium

The noun quadrivium has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts)
                  
1. quadrivium ::: ((Middle Ages) a higher division of the curriculum in a medieval university involving arithmetic and music and geometry and astronomy)


--- Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by Estimated Frequency) of noun quadrivium

1 sense of quadrivium                        

Sense 1
quadrivium
   => humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, arts
     => discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick
       => knowledge domain, knowledge base, domain
         => content, cognitive content, mental object
           => cognition, knowledge, noesis
             => psychological feature
               => abstraction, abstract entity
                 => entity


--- Hyponyms of noun quadrivium
                                    


--- Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by Estimated Frequency) of noun quadrivium

1 sense of quadrivium                        

Sense 1
quadrivium
   => humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, arts




--- Coordinate Terms (sisters) of noun quadrivium

1 sense of quadrivium                        

Sense 1
quadrivium
  -> humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, arts
   => neoclassicism
   => classicism, classicalism
   => Romanticism, Romantic Movement
   => English
   => history
   => art history
   => chronology
   => fine arts, beaux arts
   => performing arts
   => Occidentalism
   => Orientalism, Oriental Studies
   => philosophy
   => literary study
   => library science
   => linguistics, philology
   => musicology
   => Sinology
   => stemmatology, stemmatics
   => trivium
   => quadrivium




--- Grep of noun quadrivium
quadrivium



IN WEBGEN [10000/4]

Wikipedia - Quadrivium
Wikipedia - quadrivium
Occultopedia - quadrivium
Quadrivium



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