TERMS STARTING WITH
pinocle ::: n. --> A game at cards, played with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two packs.
See Penuchle.
pinole ::: n. --> An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.
Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water, it makes a nutritious beverage.
TERMS ANYWHERE
Abravanel, Judah: Or Judah Leon Medigo (1470-1530), son of Don Isaac, settled in Italy after the expulsion from Spain. In his Dialoghi d'Amore, i.e., Dialogues about Love, he conceives, in Platonic fashion, love as the principle permeating the universe. It emanates from God to the beings, and from the beings reverts back to God. It is possible that his conception of universal love exerted some influence upon the concept of Amor Dei of Spinoza. -- M.W.
acantha ::: n. --> A prickle.
A spine or prickly fin.
The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra.
acanthopodious ::: a. --> Having spinous petioles.
acanthopterygian ::: a. --> Belonging to the order of fishes having spinose fins, as the perch. ::: n. --> A spiny-finned fish.
acanthus ::: n. --> A genus of herbaceous prickly plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India; bear&
Affect: (Lat. ad + facere, to do) The inner motive as distinquished from the intention or end of action. Cf. Spinoza, Ethics, bk. III. -- L.W.
(a) In philosophy: Mediation is necessary in systems in which two forms of reality are held to be so different that immediate interaction is impossible; this is the case in later Neo-PIatonism, and particularly in the Cartesiam'sm of Malebranche, Geulincx and Spinoza, where mind and matter cannot directly interact; God supplies the principle of mediation in these latter systems.
(a) Metaphysical: The view that there is but one fundamental Reality; first used by Wolff. (A Universe.) Sometimes spoken of as Singularism. The classical ancient protagonist of an extreme monism is Parmenides of Elea; a modern exponent is Spinoza. Christian Science is an example of a popular contemporary religion built on an extreme monistic theory of reality. Most metaphysical monists hold to a modified or soft monistic theory (e.g. the metaphysics of Royce).
Amor Dei intellectualis: Latin for intellectual love of God. A term introduced by Spinoza, which he uses to denote an enduring, impersonal love.
(a) Speculative philosophy is commonly considered to embrace metaphysics (see Metaphysics) and epistemology as its two coordinate branches or if the term metaphysics be extended to embrace the whole of speculative philosophy, then epistemology and ontology become the two main subdivisions of metaphysics in the wide sense. Whichever usage is adopted, epistemology as the philosophical theory of knowledge is one of the two main branches of philosophy. The question of the relative priority of epistemology and metaphysics (or ontology) has occasioned considerable controversy: the dominant view fostered by Descartes, Locke and Kant is that epistemology is the prior philosophical science, the investigation of the possibility and limits of knowledge being a necessary and indispensible preliminary to any metaphysical speculations regarding the nature of ultimate reality. On the other hand, strongly metaphysical thinkers like Spinoza and Hegel, and more recently S. Alexander and A. N. Whitehead, have first attacked the metaphvsical problems and adopted the view of knowledge consonant with their metaphysics. Between these two extremes is the view that epistemology and metaphysics are logically interdependent and that a metaphysically presuppositionless epistemology is as unattainable as an epistemologically presuppositionless metaphysics.
Attribute: Commonly, what is proper to a thing (Latm, ad-tribuere, to assign, to ascribe, to bestow). Loosely assimilated to a quality, a property, a characteristic, a peculiarity, a circumstance, a state, a category, a mode or an accident, though there are differences among all these terms. For example, a quality is an inherent property (the qualities of matter), while an attribute refers to the actual properties of a thing only indirectly known (the attributes of God). Another difference between attribute and quality is that the former refers to the characteristics of an infinite being, while the latter is used for the characteristics of a finite being. In metaphysics, an attribute is what is indispensable to a spiritual or material substance; or that which expresses the nature of a thing; or that without which a thing is unthinkable. As such, it implies necessarily a relation to some substance of which it is an aspect or conception. But it cannot be a substance, as it does not exist by itself. The transcendental attributes are those which belong to a being because it is a being: there are three of them, the one, the true and the good, each adding something positive to the idea of being. The word attribute has been and still is used more readily, with various implications, by substantialist systems. In the 17th century, for example, it denoted the actual manifestations of substance. [Thus, Descartes regarded extension and thought as the two ultimate, simple and original attributes of reality, all else being modifications of them. With Spinoza, extension and thought became the only known attributes of Deity, each expressing in a definite manner, though not exclusively, the infinite essence of God as the only substance. The change in the meaning of substance after Hume and Kant is best illustrated by this quotation from Whitehead: "We diverge from Descartes by holding that what he has described as primary attributes of physical bodies, are really the forms of internal relationships between actual occasions and within actual occasions" (Process and Reality, p. 471).] The use of the notion of attribute, however, is still favoured by contemporary thinkers. Thus, John Boodin speaks of the five attributes of reality, namely: Energy (source of activity), Space (extension), Time (change), Consciousness (active awareness), and Form (organization, structure). In theodicy, the term attribute is used for the essential characteristics of God. The divine attributes are the various aspects under which God is viewed, each being treated as a separate perfection. As God is free from composition, we know him only in a mediate and synthetic way thrgugh his attributes. In logic, an attribute is that which is predicated or anything, that which Is affirmed or denied of the subject of a proposition. More specifically, an attribute may be either a category or a predicable; but it cannot be an individual materially. Attributes may be essential or accidental, necessary or contingent. In grammar, an attribute is an adjective, or an adjectival clause, or an equivalent adjunct expressing a characteristic referred to a subject through a verb. Because of this reference, an attribute may also be a substantive, as a class-name, but not a proper name as a rule. An attribute is never a verb, thus differing from a predicate which may consist of a verb often having some object or qualifying words. In natural history, what is permanent and essential in a species, an individual or in its parts. In psychology, it denotes the way (such as intensity, duration or quality) in which sensations, feelings or images can differ from one another. In art, an attribute is a material or a conventional symbol, distinction or decoration.
Aufklärung: In general, this German word and its English equivalent Enlightenment denote the self-emancipation of man from mere authority, prejudice, convention and tradition, with an insistence on freer thinking about problems uncritically referred to these other agencies. According to Kant's famous definition "Enlightenment is the liberation of man from his self-caused state of minority, which is the incapacity of using one's understanding without the direction of another. This state of minority is caused when its source lies not in the lack of understanding, but in the lack of determination and courage to use it without the assistance of another" (Was ist Aufklärung? 1784). In its historical perspective, the Aufklärung refers to the cultural atmosphere and contrlbutions of the 18th century, especially in Germany, France and England [which affected also American thought with B. Franklin, T. Paine and the leaders of the Revolution]. It crystallized tendencies emphasized by the Renaissance, and quickened by modern scepticism and empiricism, and by the great scientific discoveries of the 17th century. This movement, which was represented by men of varying tendencies, gave an impetus to general learning, a more popular philosophy, empirical science, scriptural criticism, social and political thought. More especially, the word Aufklärung is applied to the German contributions to 18th century culture. In philosophy, its principal representatives are G. E. Lessing (1729-81) who believed in free speech and in a methodical criticism of religion, without being a free-thinker; H. S. Reimarus (1694-1768) who expounded a naturalistic philosophy and denied the supernatural origin of Christianity; Moses Mendelssohn (1729-86) who endeavoured to mitigate prejudices and developed a popular common-sense philosophy; Chr. Wolff (1679-1754), J. A. Eberhard (1739-1809) who followed the Leibnizian rationalism and criticized unsuccessfully Kant and Fichte; and J. G. Herder (1744-1803) who was best as an interpreter of others, but whose intuitional suggestions have borne fruit in the organic correlation of the sciences, and in questions of language in relation to human nature and to national character. The works of Kant and Goethe mark the culmination of the German Enlightenment. Cf. J. G. Hibben, Philosophy of the Enlightenment, 1910. --T.G. Augustinianism: The thought of St. Augustine of Hippo, and of his followers. Born in 354 at Tagaste in N. Africa, A. studied rhetoric in Carthage, taught that subject there and in Rome and Milan. Attracted successively to Manicheanism, Scepticism, and Neo-Platontsm, A. eventually found intellectual and moral peace with his conversion to Christianity in his thirty-fourth year. Returning to Africa, he established numerous monasteries, became a priest in 391, Bishop of Hippo in 395. Augustine wrote much: On Free Choice, Confessions, Literal Commentary on Genesis, On the Trinity, and City of God, are his most noted works. He died in 430. St. Augustine's characteristic method, an inward empiricism which has little in common with later variants, starts from things without, proceeds within to the self, and moves upwards to God. These three poles of the Augustinian dialectic are polarized by his doctrine of moderate illuminism. An ontological illumination is required to explain the metaphysical structure of things. The truth of judgment demands a noetic illumination. A moral illumination is necessary in the order of willing; and so, too, an lllumination of art in the aesthetic order. Other illuminations which transcend the natural order do not come within the scope of philosophy; they provide the wisdoms of theology and mysticism. Every being is illuminated ontologically by number, form, unity and its derivatives, and order. A thing is what it is, in so far as it is more or less flooded by the light of these ontological constituents. Sensation is necessary in order to know material substances. There is certainly an action of the external object on the body and a corresponding passion of the body, but, as the soul is superior to the body and can suffer nothing from its inferior, sensation must be an action, not a passion, of the soul. Sensation takes place only when the observing soul, dynamically on guard throughout the body, is vitally attentive to the changes suffered by the body. However, an adequate basis for the knowledge of intellectual truth is not found in sensation alone. In order to know, for example, that a body is multiple, the idea of unity must be present already, otherwise its multiplicity could not be recognized. If numbers are not drawn in by the bodily senses which perceive only the contingent and passing, is the mind the source of the unchanging and necessary truth of numbers? The mind of man is also contingent and mutable, and cannot give what it does not possess. As ideas are not innate, nor remembered from a previous existence of the soul, they can be accounted for only by an immutable source higher than the soul. In so far as man is endowed with an intellect, he is a being naturally illuminated by God, Who may be compared to an intelligible sun. The human intellect does not create the laws of thought; it finds them and submits to them. The immediate intuition of these normative rules does not carry any content, thus any trace of ontologism is avoided. Things have forms because they have numbers, and they have being in so far as they possess form. The sufficient explanation of all formable, and hence changeable, things is an immutable and eternal form which is unrestricted in time and space. The forms or ideas of all things actually existing in the world are in the things themselves (as rationes seminales) and in the Divine Mind (as rationes aeternae). Nothing could exist without unity, for to be is no other than to be one. There is a unity proper to each level of being, a unity of the material individual and species, of the soul, and of that union of souls in the love of the same good, which union constitutes the city. Order, also, is ontologically imbibed by all beings. To tend to being is to tend to order; order secures being, disorder leads to non-being. Order is the distribution which allots things equal and unequal each to its own place and integrates an ensemble of parts in accordance with an end. Hence, peace is defined as the tranquillity of order. Just as things have their being from their forms, the order of parts, and their numerical relations, so too their beauty is not something superadded, but the shining out of all their intelligible co-ingredients. S. Aurelii Augustini, Opera Omnia, Migne, PL 32-47; (a critical edition of some works will be found in the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, Vienna). Gilson, E., Introd. a l'etude de s. Augustin, (Paris, 1931) contains very good bibliography up to 1927, pp. 309-331. Pope, H., St. Augustine of Hippo, (London, 1937). Chapman, E., St. Augustine's Philos. of Beauty, (N. Y., 1939). Figgis, J. N., The Political Aspects of St. Augustine's "City of God", (London, 1921). --E.C. Authenticity: In a general sense, genuineness, truth according to its title. It involves sometimes a direct and personal characteristic (Whitehead speaks of "authentic feelings"). This word also refers to problems of fundamental criticism involving title, tradition, authorship and evidence. These problems are vital in theology, and basic in scholarship with regard to the interpretation of texts and doctrines. --T.G. Authoritarianism: That theory of knowledge which maintains that the truth of any proposition is determined by the fact of its having been asserted by a certain esteemed individual or group of individuals. Cf. H. Newman, Grammar of Assent; C. S. Peirce, "Fixation of Belief," in Chance, Love and Logic, ed. M. R. Cohen. --A.C.B. Autistic thinking: Absorption in fanciful or wishful thinking without proper control by objective or factual material; day dreaming; undisciplined imagination. --A.C.B. Automaton Theory: Theory that a living organism may be considered a mere machine. See Automatism. Automatism: (Gr. automatos, self-moving) (a) In metaphysics: Theory that animal and human organisms are automata, that is to say, are machines governed by the laws of physics and mechanics. Automatism, as propounded by Descartes, considered the lower animals to be pure automata (Letter to Henry More, 1649) and man a machine controlled by a rational soul (Treatise on Man). Pure automatism for man as well as animals is advocated by La Mettrie (Man, a Machine, 1748). During the Nineteenth century, automatism, combined with epiphenomenalism, was advanced by Hodgson, Huxley and Clifford. (Cf. W. James, The Principles of Psychology, Vol. I, ch. V.) Behaviorism, of the extreme sort, is the most recent version of automatism (See Behaviorism). (b) In psychology: Psychological automatism is the performance of apparently purposeful actions, like automatic writing without the superintendence of the conscious mind. L. C. Rosenfield, From Beast Machine to Man Machine, N. Y., 1941. --L.W. Automatism, Conscious: The automatism of Hodgson, Huxley, and Clifford which considers man a machine to which mind or consciousness is superadded; the mind of man is, however, causally ineffectual. See Automatism; Epiphenomenalism. --L.W. Autonomy: (Gr. autonomia, independence) Freedom consisting in self-determination and independence of all external constraint. See Freedom. Kant defines autonomy of the will as subjection of the will to its own law, the categorical imperative, in contrast to heteronomy, its subjection to a law or end outside the rational will. (Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals, § 2.) --L.W. Autonomy of ethics: A doctrine, usually propounded by intuitionists, that ethics is not a part of, and cannot be derived from, either metaphysics or any of the natural or social sciences. See Intuitionism, Metaphysical ethics, Naturalistic ethics. --W.K.F. Autonomy of the will: (in Kant's ethics) The freedom of the rational will to legislate to itself, which constitutes the basis for the autonomy of the moral law. --P.A.S. Autonymy: In the terminology introduced by Carnap, a word (phrase, symbol, expression) is autonymous if it is used as a name for itself --for the geometric shape, sound, etc. which it exemplifies, or for the word as a historical and grammatical unit. Autonymy is thus the same as the Scholastic suppositio matertalis (q. v.), although the viewpoint is different. --A.C. Autotelic: (from Gr. autos, self, and telos, end) Said of any absorbing activity engaged in for its own sake (cf. German Selbstzweck), such as higher mathematics, chess, etc. In aesthetics, applied to creative art and play which lack any conscious reference to the accomplishment of something useful. In the view of some, it may constitute something beneficent in itself of which the person following his art impulse (q.v.) or playing is unaware, thus approaching a heterotelic (q.v.) conception. --K.F.L. Avenarius, Richard: (1843-1896) German philosopher who expressed his thought in an elaborate and novel terminology in the hope of constructing a symbolic language for philosophy, like that of mathematics --the consequence of his Spinoza studies. As the most influential apostle of pure experience, the posltivistic motive reaches in him an extreme position. Insisting on the biologic and economic function of thought, he thought the true method of science is to cure speculative excesses by a return to pure experience devoid of all assumptions. Philosophy is the scientific effort to exclude from knowledge all ideas not included in the given. Its task is to expel all extraneous elements in the given. His uncritical use of the category of the given and the nominalistic view that logical relations are created rather than discovered by thought, leads him to banish not only animism but also all of the categories, substance, causality, etc., as inventions of the mind. Explaining the evolution and devolution of the problematization and deproblematization of numerous ideas, and aiming to give the natural history of problems, Avenarius sought to show physiologically, psychologically and historically under what conditions they emerge, are challenged and are solved. He hypothesized a System C, a bodily and central nervous system upon which consciousness depends. R-values are the stimuli received from the world of objects. E-values are the statements of experience. The brain changes that continually oscillate about an ideal point of balance are termed Vitalerhaltungsmaximum. The E-values are differentiated into elements, to which the sense-perceptions or the content of experience belong, and characters, to which belongs everything which psychology describes as feelings and attitudes. Avenarius describes in symbolic form a series of states from balance to balance, termed vital series, all describing a series of changes in System C. Inequalities in the vital balance give rise to vital differences. According to his theory there are two vital series. It assumes a series of brain changes because parallel series of conscious states can be observed. The independent vital series are physical, and the dependent vital series are psychological. The two together are practically covariants. In the case of a process as a dependent vital series three stages can be noted: first, the appearance of the problem, expressed as strain, restlessness, desire, fear, doubt, pain, repentance, delusion; the second, the continued effort and struggle to solve the problem; and finally, the appearance of the solution, characterized by abating anxiety, a feeling of triumph and enjoyment. Corresponding to these three stages of the dependent series are three stages of the independent series: the appearance of the vital difference and a departure from balance in the System C, the continuance with an approximate vital difference, and lastly, the reduction of the vital difference to zero, the return to stability. By making room for dependent and independent experiences, he showed that physics regards experience as independent of the experiencing indlvidual, and psychology views experience as dependent upon the individual. He greatly influenced Mach and James (q.v.). See Avenarius, Empirio-criticism, Experience, pure. Main works: Kritik der reinen Erfahrung; Der menschliche Weltbegriff. --H.H. Averroes: (Mohammed ibn Roshd) Known to the Scholastics as The Commentator, and mentioned as the author of il gran commento by Dante (Inf. IV. 68) he was born 1126 at Cordova (Spain), studied theology, law, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy, became after having been judge in Sevilla and Cordova, physician to the khalifah Jaqub Jusuf, and charged with writing a commentary on the works of Aristotle. Al-mansur, Jusuf's successor, deprived him of his place because of accusations of unorthodoxy. He died 1198 in Morocco. Averroes is not so much an original philosopher as the author of a minute commentary on the whole works of Aristotle. His procedure was imitated later by Aquinas. In his interpretation of Aristotelian metaphysics Averroes teaches the coeternity of a universe created ex nihilo. This doctrine formed together with the notion of a numerical unity of the active intellect became one of the controversial points in the discussions between the followers of Albert-Thomas and the Latin Averroists. Averroes assumed that man possesses only a disposition for receiving the intellect coming from without; he identifies this disposition with the possible intellect which thus is not truly intellectual by nature. The notion of one intellect common to all men does away with the doctrine of personal immortality. Another doctrine which probably was emphasized more by the Latin Averroists (and by the adversaries among Averroes' contemporaries) is the famous statement about "two-fold truth", viz. that a proposition may be theologically true and philosophically false and vice versa. Averroes taught that religion expresses the (higher) philosophical truth by means of religious imagery; the "two-truth notion" came apparently into the Latin text through a misinterpretation on the part of the translators. The works of Averroes were one of the main sources of medieval Aristotelianlsm, before and even after the original texts had been translated. The interpretation the Latin Averroists found in their texts of the "Commentator" spread in spite of opposition and condemnation. See Averroism, Latin. Averroes, Opera, Venetiis, 1553. M. Horten, Die Metaphysik des Averroes, 1912. P. Mandonnet, Siger de Brabant et l'Averroisme Latin, 2d ed., Louvain, 1911. --R.A. Averroism, Latin: The commentaries on Aristotle written by Averroes (Ibn Roshd) in the 12th century became known to the Western scholars in translations by Michael Scottus, Hermannus Alemannus, and others at the beginning of the 13th century. Many works of Aristotle were also known first by such translations from Arabian texts, though there existed translations from the Greek originals at the same time (Grabmann). The Averroistic interpretation of Aristotle was held to be the true one by many; but already Albert the Great pointed out several notions which he felt to be incompatible with the principles of Christian philosophy, although he relied for the rest on the "Commentator" and apparently hardly used any other text. Aquinas, basing his studies mostly on a translation from the Greek texts, procured for him by William of Moerbecke, criticized the Averroistic interpretation in many points. But the teachings of the Commentator became the foundation for a whole school of philosophers, represented first by the Faculty of Arts at Paris. The most prominent of these scholars was Siger of Brabant. The philosophy of these men was condemned on March 7th, 1277 by Stephen Tempier, Bishop of Paris, after a first condemnation of Aristotelianism in 1210 had gradually come to be neglected. The 219 theses condemned in 1277, however, contain also some of Aquinas which later were generally recognized an orthodox. The Averroistic propositions which aroused the criticism of the ecclesiastic authorities and which had been opposed with great energy by Albert and Thomas refer mostly to the following points: The co-eternity of the created word; the numerical identity of the intellect in all men, the so-called two-fold-truth theory stating that a proposition may be philosophically true although theologically false. Regarding the first point Thomas argued that there is no philosophical proof, either for the co-eternity or against it; creation is an article of faith. The unity of intellect was rejected as incompatible with the true notion of person and with personal immortality. It is doubtful whether Averroes himself held the two-truths theory; it was, however, taught by the Latin Averroists who, notwithstanding the opposition of the Church and the Thomistic philosophers, gained a great influence and soon dominated many universities, especially in Italy. Thomas and his followers were convinced that they interpreted Aristotle correctly and that the Averroists were wrong; one has, however, to admit that certain passages in Aristotle allow for the Averroistic interpretation, especially in regard to the theory of intellect. Lit.: P. Mandonnet, Siger de Brabant et l'Averroisme Latin au XIIIe Siecle, 2d. ed. Louvain, 1911; M. Grabmann, Forschungen über die lateinischen Aristotelesübersetzungen des XIII. Jahrhunderts, Münster 1916 (Beitr. z. Gesch. Phil. d. MA. Vol. 17, H. 5-6). --R.A. Avesta: See Zendavesta. Avicehron: (or Avencebrol, Salomon ibn Gabirol) The first Jewish philosopher in Spain, born in Malaga 1020, died about 1070, poet, philosopher, and moralist. His main work, Fons vitae, became influential and was much quoted by the Scholastics. It has been preserved only in the Latin translation by Gundissalinus. His doctrine of a spiritual substance individualizing also the pure spirits or separate forms was opposed by Aquinas already in his first treatise De ente, but found favor with the medieval Augustinians also later in the 13th century. He also teaches the necessity of a mediator between God and the created world; such a mediator he finds in the Divine Will proceeding from God and creating, conserving, and moving the world. His cosmogony shows a definitely Neo-Platonic shade and assumes a series of emanations. Cl. Baeumker, Avencebrolis Fons vitae. Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Philos. d. MA. 1892-1895, Vol. I. Joh. Wittman, Die Stellung des hl. Thomas von Aquino zu Avencebrol, ibid. 1900. Vol. III. --R.A. Avicenna: (Abu Ali al Hosain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina) Born 980 in the country of Bocchara, began to write in young years, left more than 100 works, taught in Ispahan, was physician to several Persian princes, and died at Hamadan in 1037. His fame as physician survived his influence as philosopher in the Occident. His medical works were printed still in the 17th century. His philosophy is contained in 18 vols. of a comprehensive encyclopedia, following the tradition of Al Kindi and Al Farabi. Logic, Physics, Mathematics and Metaphysics form the parts of this work. His philosophy is Aristotelian with noticeable Neo-Platonic influences. His doctrine of the universal existing ante res in God, in rebus as the universal nature of the particulars, and post res in the human mind by way of abstraction became a fundamental thesis of medieval Aristotelianism. He sharply distinguished between the logical and the ontological universal, denying to the latter the true nature of form in the composite. The principle of individuation is matter, eternally existent. Latin translations attributed to Avicenna the notion that existence is an accident to essence (see e.g. Guilelmus Parisiensis, De Universo). The process adopted by Avicenna was one of paraphrasis of the Aristotelian texts with many original thoughts interspersed. His works were translated into Latin by Dominicus Gundissalinus (Gondisalvi) with the assistance of Avendeath ibn Daud. This translation started, when it became more generally known, the "revival of Aristotle" at the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century. Albert the Great and Aquinas professed, notwithstanding their critical attitude, a great admiration for Avicenna whom the Arabs used to call the "third Aristotle". But in the Orient, Avicenna's influence declined soon, overcome by the opposition of the orthodox theologians. Avicenna, Opera, Venetiis, 1495; l508; 1546. M. Horten, Das Buch der Genesung der Seele, eine philosophische Enzyklopaedie Avicenna's; XIII. Teil: Die Metaphysik. Halle a. S. 1907-1909. R. de Vaux, Notes et textes sur l'Avicennisme Latin, Bibl. Thomiste XX, Paris, 1934. --R.A. Avidya: (Skr.) Nescience; ignorance; the state of mind unaware of true reality; an equivalent of maya (q.v.); also a condition of pure awareness prior to the universal process of evolution through gradual differentiation into the elements and factors of knowledge. --K.F.L. Avyakta: (Skr.) "Unmanifest", descriptive of or standing for brahman (q.v.) in one of its or "his" aspects, symbolizing the superabundance of the creative principle, or designating the condition of the universe not yet become phenomenal (aja, unborn). --K.F.L. Awareness: Consciousness considered in its aspect of act; an act of attentive awareness such as the sensing of a color patch or the feeling of pain is distinguished from the content attended to, the sensed color patch, the felt pain. The psychologlcal theory of intentional act was advanced by F. Brentano (Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkte) and received its epistemological development by Meinong, Husserl, Moore, Laird and Broad. See Intentionalism. --L.W. Axiological: (Ger. axiologisch) In Husserl: Of or pertaining to value or theory of value (the latter term understood as including disvalue and value-indifference). --D.C. Axiological ethics: Any ethics which makes the theory of obligation entirely dependent on the theory of value, by making the determination of the rightness of an action wholly dependent on a consideration of the value or goodness of something, e.g. the action itself, its motive, or its consequences, actual or probable. Opposed to deontological ethics. See also teleological ethics. --W.K.F. Axiologic Realism: In metaphysics, theory that value as well as logic, qualities as well as relations, have their being and exist external to the mind and independently of it. Applicable to the philosophy of many though not all realists in the history of philosophy, from Plato to G. E. Moore, A. N. Whitehead, and N, Hartmann. --J.K.F. Axiology: (Gr. axios, of like value, worthy, and logos, account, reason, theory). Modern term for theory of value (the desired, preferred, good), investigation of its nature, criteria, and metaphysical status. Had its rise in Plato's theory of Forms or Ideas (Idea of the Good); was developed in Aristotle's Organon, Ethics, Poetics, and Metaphysics (Book Lambda). Stoics and Epicureans investigated the summum bonum. Christian philosophy (St. Thomas) built on Aristotle's identification of highest value with final cause in God as "a living being, eternal, most good." In modern thought, apart from scholasticism and the system of Spinoza (Ethica, 1677), in which values are metaphysically grounded, the various values were investigated in separate sciences, until Kant's Critiques, in which the relations of knowledge to moral, aesthetic, and religious values were examined. In Hegel's idealism, morality, art, religion, and philosophy were made the capstone of his dialectic. R. H. Lotze "sought in that which should be the ground of that which is" (Metaphysik, 1879). Nineteenth century evolutionary theory, anthropology, sociology, psychology, and economics subjected value experience to empirical analysis, and stress was again laid on the diversity and relativity of value phenomena rather than on their unity and metaphysical nature. F. Nietzsche's Also Sprach Zarathustra (1883-1885) and Zur Genealogie der Moral (1887) aroused new interest in the nature of value. F. Brentano, Vom Ursprung sittlicher Erkenntnis (1889), identified value with love. In the twentieth century the term axiology was apparently first applied by Paul Lapie (Logique de la volonte, 1902) and E. von Hartmann (Grundriss der Axiologie, 1908). Stimulated by Ehrenfels (System der Werttheorie, 1897), Meinong (Psychologisch-ethische Untersuchungen zur Werttheorie, 1894-1899), and Simmel (Philosophie des Geldes, 1900). W. M. Urban wrote the first systematic treatment of axiology in English (Valuation, 1909), phenomenological in method under J. M. Baldwin's influence. Meanwhile H. Münsterberg wrote a neo-Fichtean system of values (The Eternal Values, 1909). Among important recent contributions are: B. Bosanquet, The Principle of Individuality and Value (1912), a free reinterpretation of Hegelianism; W. R. Sorley, Moral Values and the Idea of God (1918, 1921), defending a metaphysical theism; S. Alexander, Space, Time, and Deity (1920), realistic and naturalistic; N. Hartmann, Ethik (1926), detailed analysis of types and laws of value; R. B. Perry's magnum opus, General Theory of Value (1926), "its meaning and basic principles construed in terms of interest"; and J. Laird, The Idea of Value (1929), noteworthy for historical exposition. A naturalistic theory has been developed by J. Dewey (Theory of Valuation, 1939), for which "not only is science itself a value . . . but it is the supreme means of the valid determination of all valuations." A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth and Logic (1936) expounds the view of logical positivism that value is "nonsense." J. Hessen, Wertphilosophie (1937), provides an account of recent German axiology from a neo-scholastic standpoint. The problems of axiology fall into four main groups, namely, those concerning (1) the nature of value, (2) the types of value, (3) the criterion of value, and (4) the metaphysical status of value. (1) The nature of value experience. Is valuation fulfillment of desire (voluntarism: Spinoza, Ehrenfels), pleasure (hedonism: Epicurus, Bentham, Meinong), interest (Perry), preference (Martineau), pure rational will (formalism: Stoics, Kant, Royce), apprehension of tertiary qualities (Santayana), synoptic experience of the unity of personality (personalism: T. H. Green, Bowne), any experience that contributes to enhanced life (evolutionism: Nietzsche), or "the relation of things as means to the end or consequence actually reached" (pragmatism, instrumentalism: Dewey). (2) The types of value. Most axiologists distinguish between intrinsic (consummatory) values (ends), prized for their own sake, and instrumental (contributory) values (means), which are causes (whether as economic goods or as natural events) of intrinsic values. Most intrinsic values are also instrumental to further value experience; some instrumental values are neutral or even disvaluable intrinsically. Commonly recognized as intrinsic values are the (morally) good, the true, the beautiful, and the holy. Values of play, of work, of association, and of bodily well-being are also acknowledged. Some (with Montague) question whether the true is properly to be regarded as a value, since some truth is disvaluable, some neutral; but love of truth, regardless of consequences, seems to establish the value of truth. There is disagreement about whether the holy (religious value) is a unique type (Schleiermacher, Otto), or an attitude toward other values (Kant, Höffding), or a combination of the two (Hocking). There is also disagreement about whether the variety of values is irreducible (pluralism) or whether all values are rationally related in a hierarchy or system (Plato, Hegel, Sorley), in which values interpenetrate or coalesce into a total experience. (3) The criterion of value. The standard for testing values is influenced by both psychological and logical theory. Hedonists find the standard in the quantity of pleasure derived by the individual (Aristippus) or society (Bentham). Intuitionists appeal to an ultimate insight into preference (Martineau, Brentano). Some idealists recognize an objective system of rational norms or ideals as criterion (Plato, Windelband), while others lay more stress on rational wholeness and coherence (Hegel, Bosanquet, Paton) or inclusiveness (T. H. Green). Naturalists find biological survival or adjustment (Dewey) to be the standard. Despite differences, there is much in common in the results of the application of these criteria. (4) The metaphysical status of value. What is the relation of values to the facts investigated by natural science (Koehler), of Sein to Sollen (Lotze, Rickert), of human experience of value to reality independent of man (Hegel, Pringle-Pattlson, Spaulding)? There are three main answers: subjectivism (value is entirely dependent on and relative to human experience of it: so most hedonists, naturalists, positivists); logical objectivism (values are logical essences or subsistences, independent of their being known, yet with no existential status or action in reality); metaphysical objectivism (values --or norms or ideals --are integral, objective, and active constituents of the metaphysically real: so theists, absolutists, and certain realists and naturalists like S. Alexander and Wieman). --E.S.B. Axiom: See Mathematics. Axiomatic method: That method of constructing a deductive system consisting of deducing by specified rules all statements of the system save a given few from those given few, which are regarded as axioms or postulates of the system. See Mathematics. --C.A.B. Ayam atma brahma: (Skr.) "This self is brahman", famous quotation from Brhadaranyaka Upanishad 2.5.19, one of many alluding to the central theme of the Upanishads, i.e., the identity of the human and divine or cosmic. --K.F.L.
Being: In early Greek philosophy is opposed either to change, or Becoming, or to Non-Being. According to Parmenides and his disciples of the Eleatic School, everything real belongs to the category of Being, as the only possible object of thought. Essentially the same reasoning applies also to material reality in which there is nothing but Being, one and continuous, all-inclusive and eternal. Consequently, he concluded, the coming into being and passing away constituting change are illusory, for that which is-not cannot be, and that which is cannot cease to be. In rejecting Eleitic monism, the materialists (Leukippus, Democritus) asserted that the very existence of things, their corporeal nature, insofar as it is subject to change and motion, necessarily presupposes the other than Being, that is, Non-Being, or Void. Thus, instead of regarding space as a continuum, they saw in it the very source of discontinuity and the foundation of the atomic structure of substance. Plato accepted the first part of Parmenides' argument. namely, that referring to thought as distinct from matter, and maintained that, though Becoming is indeed an apparent characteristic of everything sensory, the true and ultimate reality, that of Ideas, is changeless and of the nature of Being. Aristotle achieved a compromise among all these notions and contended that, though Being, as the essence of things, is eternal in itself, nevertheless it manifests itself only in change, insofar as "ideas" or "forms" have no existence independent of, or transcendent to, the reality of things and minds. The medieval thinkers never revived the controversy as a whole, though at times they emphasized Being, as in Neo-Platonism, at times Becoming, as in Aristotelianism. With the rise of new interest in nature, beginning with F. Bacon, Hobbes and Locke, the problem grew once more in importance, especially to the rationalists, opponents of empiricism. Spinoza regarded change as a characteristic of modal existence and assumed in this connection a position distantly similar to that of Pinto. Hegel formed a new answer to the problem in declaring that nature, striving to exclude contradictions, has to "negate" them: Being and Non-Being are "moments" of the same cosmic process which, at its foundation, arises out of Being containing Non-Being within itself and leading, factually and logically, to their synthetic union in Becoming. -- R.B.W.
(b) In early modern philosophy, perception was used in a much wider sense than (a). Thus, for Bacon, perception designated the mind's subjection to external influence and its adaptive reaction to such influence. (De Augmentis, IV, 3) Descartes and Spinoza designated by perception intellectual rather than sensuous apprehension (see Descartes, Principles, I, 32 and Spinoza's Ethics, II, prop. 40 schol. 2) and Leibniz understood by perceptions the internal state of one monad whereby it takes cognizance of other monads. Monadology, § 21. -- L.W.
bispinose ::: a. --> Having two spines.
blackthorn ::: n. --> A spreading thorny shrub or small tree (Prunus spinosa), with blackish bark, and bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the sloe.
A species of Crataegus or hawthorn (C. tomentosa). Both are used for hedges.
Body: Here taken in the sense of the material organized substance of man contrasted with the mind, soul or spirit, thus leading to the problem of the relation between body and mind, one of the most persistent problems of philosophy. Of course, any theory which identifies body and mind, or does not adequately distinguish the psychical from the physical, regarding both as aspects of the same reality, eludes some of the difficulties presented by the problem. Both materialism and idealism may be considered as forms of psycho-physical monism. Materialism by denying the real existence of spiritual beings and reducing mind to a function of matter, and spiritualism, or that species called idealism, which regards bodies simply as contents of consciousness, really evade the main issue. All those, however, who frankly acknowledge the empirically given duality of mind and organism, are obliged to struggle with the problem of the relation between them. The two most noted rival theories attempting an answer are interactionism and parallelism. The first considers both body and mind as substantial beings, influencing each other, hence causally related. The second holds that physical processes and mental processes accompany each other without any interaction or interference whatsoever, consequently they cannot be causally related. The Scholastics advance the doctrine of the human composite consisting of body and soul united into one substance and nature, constituting the human person or self, to whom all actions of which man is capable must be ascribed. There can be no interaction, since there is but one agent, formed of two component elements. This theory, like interactionism, makes provision for survival, even immortality, while parallelism definitely precludes it. No known theory can meet all objections and prove entirely satisfactory; the problem still persists. See Descartes, Spinoza, Mind. -- J.J.R.
Bruno, Giordano: (1548-1600) A Dominican monk, eventually burned at the stake because of his opinions, he was converted from Christianity to a naturalistic and mystical pantheism by the Renaissance and particularly by the new Copernican astronomy. For him God and the universe were two names for one and the same Reality considered now as the creative essence of all things, now as the manifold of realized possibilities in which that essence manifests itself. As God, natura naturans, the Real is the whole, the one transcendent and ineffable. As the Real is the infinity of worlds and objects and events into which the whole divides itself and in which the one displays the infinite potentialities latent within it. The world-process is an ever-lasting going forth from itself and return into itself of the divine nature. The culmination of the outgoing creative activity is reached in the human mind, whose rational, philosophic search for the one in the many, simplicity in variety, and the changeless and eternal in the changing and temporal, marks also the reverse movement of the divine nature re-entering itself and regaining its primordial unity, homogeneity, and changelessness. The human soul, being as it were a kind of boomerang partaking of the ingrowing as well as the outgrowing process, may hope at death, not to be dissolved with the body, which is borne wholly upon the outgoing stream, but to return to God whence it came and to be reabsorbed in him. Cf. Rand, Modern Classical Philosophers, selection from Bruno's On Cause, The Principle and the One. G. Bruno: De l'infinito, universo e mundo, 1584; Spaccio della bestia trionfante, 1584; La cena delta ceneri, 1584; Deglieroici furori, 1585; De Monade, 1591. Cf. R. Honigswald, Giordano Bruno; G. Gentile, Bruno nella storia della cultura, 1907. -- B.A.G.F. Brunschvicg, Leon: (1869-) Professor of Philosophy at the Ecole Normale in Paris. Dismissed by the Nazis (1941). His philosophy is an idealistic synthesis of Spinoza, Kant and Schelling with special stress on the creative role of thought in cultural history as well as in sciences. Main works: Les etapes de la philosophie mathematique, 1913; L'experience humaine et la causalite physique, 1921; De la connaissance de soi, 1931. Buddhism: The multifarious forms, philosophic, religious, ethical and sociological, which the teachings of Gautama Buddha (q.v.) have produced. They centre around the main doctrine of the catvari arya-satyani(q.v.), the four noble truths, the last of which enables one in eight stages to reach nirvana (q.v.): Right views, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration. In the absence of contemporary records of Buddha and Buddhistic teachings, much value was formerly attached to the palm leaf manuscripts in Pali, a Sanskrit dialect; but recently a good deal of weight has been given also the Buddhist tradition in Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese. Buddhism split into Mahayanism and Hinayanism (q.v.), each of which, but particularly the former, blossomed into a variety of teachings and practices. The main philosophic schools are the Madhyamaka or Sunyavada, Yogacara, Sautrantika, and Vaibhasika (q.v.). The basic assumptions in philosophy are a causal nexus in nature and man, of which the law of karma (q.v.) is but a specific application; the impermanence of things, and the illusory notion of substance and soul. Man is viewed realistically as a conglomeration of bodily forms (rupa), sensations (vedana), ideas (sanjna), latent karma (sanskaras), and consciousness (vijnana). The basic assumptions in ethics are the universality of suffering and the belief in a remedy. There is no god; each one may become a Buddha, an enlightened one. Also in art and esthetics Buddhism has contributed much throughout the Far East. -- K.F.L.
bur fish ::: --> A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur; -- called also ball fish, balloon fish, and swellfish.
cabezon ::: n. --> A California fish (Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the sculpin.
cammock ::: n. --> A plant having long hard, crooked roots, the Ononis spinosa; -- called also rest-harrow. The Scandix Pecten-Veneris is also called cammock.
Causa sui: Cause of itself; necessary existence. Causa sui conveys both a negative and a positive meaning. Negatively, it signifies that which is from itself (a se), that which does not owe its being to something else; i.e., absolute independence of being, causelessness (God as uncaused). Positively, causa sui means that whose very nature or essence involves existence; i.e., God is the ground of his own being, and regarded as "cause" of his own being, he is, as it were, efficient cause of his own existence (Descartes). Since existence necessarily follows from the very essence of that which is cause of itself, causa sui is defined as that whose nature cannot be conceived as not existing (Spinoza). -- A.G.A.B. Causality: (Lat. causa) The relationship between a cause and its effect. This relationship has been defined as a relation between events, processes, or entities in the same time series, such that when one occurs, the other necessarily follows (sufficient condition), when the latter occurs, the former must have preceded (necessary condition), both conditions a and b prevail (necessary and sufficient condition), when one occurs under certain conditions, the other necessarily follows (contributory, but not sufficient, condition) ("multiple causality" would be a case involving several causes which are severally contributory and jointly sufficient); the necessity in these cases is neither that of logical implication nor that of coercion; a relation between events, processes, or entities in the same time series such that when one occurs the other invariably follows (invariable antecedence), a relation between events, processes, or entities such that one has the efficacy to produce or alter the other; a relation between events, processes, or entities such that without one the other could not occur, as in the relation between the material out of which a product is made and the finished product (material cause), structure or form and the individual embodying it (formal cause), a goal or purpose (whether supposed to exist in the future as a special kind of entity, outside a time series, or merely as an idea of the pur-poser) and the work fulfilling it (final cause), a moving force and the process or result of its action (efficient cause); a relation between experienced events, processes, or entities and extra-experiential but either temporal or non-temporal events, processes, or entities upon whose existence the former depend; a relation between a thing and itself when it is dependent upon nothing else for its existence (self-causality); a relation between an event, process, or entity and the reason or explanation for its being; a relation between an idea and an experience whose expectation the idea arouses because of customary association of the two in this sequence; a principle or category introducing into experience one of the aforesaid types of order; this principle may be inherent in the mind, invented by the mind, or derived from experience; it may be an explanatory hypothesis, a postulate, a convenient fiction, or a necessary form of thought. Causality has been conceived to prevail between processes, parts of a continuous process, changing parts of an unchanging whole, objects, events, ideas, or something of one of these types and something of another. When an entity, event, or process is said to follow from another, it may be meant that it must succeed but can be neither contemporaneous with nor prior to the other, that it must either succeed or be contemporaneous with and dependent upon but cannot precede the other, or that one is dependent upon the other but they either are not in the same time series or one is in no time series at all.
(c) In Spinoza: "that which exists in, and is conceived through, something other than itself." These modes are determinations of the infinite Attributes of Divine Substance; of the attribute, Thought, the two chief modes are intellect and will; of the attribute, Extension, the chief modes are motion and rest. These modes are nothing apart from God's Substance; they are infinite from one point of view (natura naturans) and finite from another (natura naturata).
Cogitatio: One of the two attributes (q.v.) of God which, according to Spinoza, are accessible to the human intellect (Ethica, II, passim) Though God is an infinite thinking thing, it is not possible so to define him; God is "substance consisting of infinite attributes, etc." (Ibid, I, Def. 6), and is thus beyond the grasp of the human mind which can know only thought and extension (extensio, q.v.). -- W.S.W.
Conatus: The drive, force, or urge possessed by a thing which is directed towards the preservation of its own being. Since, for Spinoza, all things are animated, the term is used by him in a broader meaning than that accorded it, for example, in the Stoic philosophy. Spinoza maintains that there is no conatus for self-destruction (Ethica, III, 4; see also IV, 20 Schol., etc.); rather, the conatus relates to a thing's "power of existence", and he thus speaks of it as a kind of amour propre (natuurlyke Liefde) which characterizes a specific thing. See Short Tr., App. H. -- W.S.W.
Crescas, Don Hasdai: (1340-1410) Jewish philosopher and theologian. He was the first European thinker to criticize Aristotelian cosmology and establish the probability of the existence of an infinite magnitude and of infinite space, thus paving the way for the modern conception of the universe. He also took exception to the entire trend of the philosophy of Maimonides, namely its extreme rationalism, and endeavored to inject the emotional element into religious contemplation, and make love an attribute of God and the source of His creative activity. He also expressed original views on the problems of freedom and creation. He undoubtedly exerted influence on Spinoza who quotes him by name in the formulation of some of his theories. See Jewish Philosophy. Cf. H. A. Wolfson, Crescas' Critique of Aristotle, 1929. -- M.W.
(c) The traditional problem of the origin of knowledge, viz. By what faculty or faculties of mind is knowledge attainable? It gave rise to the principal cleavage in modern epistemology between rationalism and empiricism (q.v.) though both occur in any thinker. The rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz) rely primarily -- though not exclusively -- on reason as the source of genuine knowledge, and the empiricists (Locke, Berkeley and Hume) rely mainly on experience. A broadly conceived empiricism such as Locke's which acknowledges the authenticity of knowledge derived both from the inner sense (see Reflection; Introspection), and the outer senses, contrasts with that type of sensationalism (q.v.) which is empiricism restricted to the outer senses. Various attempts, the most notable of which is the critical philosophy of Kant, have been made to reconcile rationalism and empiricism by assigning to reason and experience their respective roles in the constitution of knowledge. Few historical or contemporary epistemologists would subscribe either to a rationalism or an empiricism of an exclusive and extreme sort.
Cy486SLC ::: A version of the Intel 486 made by Cyrix. It has a 486SX instruction set, a 1 kilobyte cache, and an Intel 80386SX-compatible pinout and thus, 16-bit data bus. (1994-11-30)
Cy486SLC A version of the {Intel 486} made by {Cyrix}. It has a {486SX} {instruction set}, a 1 kilobyte {cache}, and an {Intel 80386SX}-compatible pinout and thus, 16-bit data bus. (1994-11-30)
Descartes is one of the fathers of modern philosophy; his general influence is too extensive to be detailed. Leibniz, Spinoza, Malebranche, Clauberg, De La Forge, Geulincx, Placentius, Chouet, Legrand, Corneio -- these and many others spread Cartesianism throughout Europe. (See Boutroux, "Descartes and Cartesianism," Camb. Mod. Hist., IV, ch. 27.) At present, German Phenomenology, French Spiritualism and Positivism, Bergsonism, and certain forms of Catholic thought represented by J. Geyser in Germany and M. Blondel in France, are offshoots of Cartesianism.
Determination: (Lat. determinare, to limit) The limitation of a reality or thought to a narrower field than its original one. In a monistic philosophy the original, single principle must be considered as narrowed down to various genera and species, and eventually to individual existence if such be admitted, in order to introduce that differentiation of reality which is required in a multiple world. In Platonism, the Forms or Ideas are one for each type of thing but are "determined" to multiple existence by the addition of matter (Timaeus). Neo-Platonism is even more interested in real determination, since the One is the logical antecedent of the Many. Here determination is effected by the introduction of negations, or privations, into successive emanations of the One. With Boethius, mediaeval philosophy became concerned with the determination of being-in-general to an actual manifold of things. In Boethianism there is a fusion of the question of real determination with that of logical limitation of concepts. In modern thought, the problem is acute in Spinozism: universal substance (substantia, natura, Deus) must be reduced to an apparent manifold through attributes, modes to the individual. Determination is said to be by way of negation, according to Spinoza (Epist. 50), and this means that universal substance is in its perfect form indeterminate, but is thought to become determinate by a sort of logical loss of absolute perfection. The theory is brought to an almost absurd simplicity in the Ontology of Chr. Wolff, where being is pictured as successively determined to genera, species and individual. Determination is also an important factor in the developmental theories of Hegel and Bergson. -- V.J.B.
diodon ::: n. --> A genus of spinose, plectognath fishes, having the teeth of each jaw united into a single beaklike plate. They are able to inflate the body by taking in air or water, and, hence, are called globefishes, swellfishes, etc. Called also porcupine fishes, and sea hedgehogs.
A genus of whales.
dorsal root ganglia ::: The segmental sensory ganglia of the spinal cord; contain the first-order neurons of the dorsal column/medial lemniscus and spinothalamic pathways.
Double-Aspect Theory: Theory that the mind and the body of an individual are two distinguishable but inseparable aspects of a single underlying substance or process. Spinoza, as a consequence of his metaphysical doctrine trnt "thinking substance and extended substance are one and the same thing" (Ethics, Part II, prop. 7) was committed to the Two-Aspect Theory of the body-mind relation. Cf. C. Lloyd Morgan (Life, Mind and Spirit, p. 46); S. Alexander (Space, Time and Deity) and C. H. Strong are recent advocates of a two-aspect Theory. -- L.W.
Enlightenment: When Kant, carried by the cultural enthusiasm of his time, explained "enlightenment" as man's coming of age from the state of infancy which rendered him incapable of using his reason without the aid of others, he gave only the subjective meaning of the term. Objectively, enlightenment is a cultural period distinguished by the fervent efforts of leading personalities to make reason the absolute ruler of human life, and to shed the light of knowledge upon the mind and conscience of any individual. Such attempts are not confined to a particular time, or nation, as history teaches; but the term is generally applied to the European enlightenment stretching from the early 17th to the beginning of the 19th century, especially fostered by English, Dutch, French, and German philosophers. It took its start in England from the empiricism of F. Bacon, Th. Hobbes, J. Locke, it found a religious version in the naturalism of Edw. H. Cherbury, J. Toland, M. Tindal, H. Bolingbroke, and the host of "freethinkers", while the Earl of Shaftesbury imparted to it a moral on the "light of reason". Not so constructive but radical in their sarcastic criticism of the past were the French enlighteners, showing that their philosophy got its momentum from the moral corruption at the royal court and abuse of kinglv power in France. Descartes' doctrine of the "clear and perspicuous ideas," Spinoza's critical attitude towards religion, and Leibniz-Wolff's "reasonable thinking" prepared the philosophy of P. Bayle, Ch. Montesquieu, F. M. Voltaire, and J. J. Rousseau. The French positive contribution to the subject was the "Encyclopedie ou Dictionaire raisonne des sciences, arts et metiers", 1751-72, in 28 volumes, edited by Diderot, D'Alembert, Helvetius, Holbach, J. L. Lagrane, etc. What, in England and France, remained on the stage of mere ideas and utopic dreams became reality in the new commonwealth of the U.S.A. The "fathers of the constitution" were enlightened, outstanding among them B. Franklin, Th. Jefferson, J. Adams, A. Hamilton, and Th. Paine their foremost literary propagandist.
Epinoia (Greek) Thinking on a thing; by extension of meaning, the power of thought, inventiveness; a purpose, design. In Gnosticism, a name of the first passive aeon or spiritual entity forming part of a cosmic hierarchy. See also ENNOIA
Epinoia —in Valentinian gnosticism, the 1st
Epinoia; Means "insight" as it comes from the higher connections of spirit. I can be translated as "wisdom" in the modern sense of the word. Without it one cannot gain Gnosis.
firefish ::: n. --> A singular marine fish of the genus Pterois, family Scorpaenidae, of several species, inhabiting the Indo-Pacific region. They are usually red, and have very large spinose pectoral and dorsal fins.
For Spinoza: Knowledge "of the second kind" (Ethica, II, 40, Schol. 2, cf. also De Em. Int., passim), to be distinguished from opinio or imaginatio and from scientia intuitiva (q.v.). This second type of knowledge is knowledge in the strict sense of the word since, as opposed to opinio, it is certain and true (Ethica, II, 41), and since by means of it, we perceive "under a certain form of eternity" (sub quadam aeternitatis specie, Ibid, II, 42, Cor. 2). Likewise, by means of reason (ratio), we are enabled to distinguish truth from falsity (Ibid, 42), and to master the emotions (Ibid, IV, passim). The objects cognized by reason are (primarily) "common notions" and their derivatives, reason cannot, however, accomplish or bring about the highest virtue of the mind, as can scientia intuitiva by which blessedness and true liberty are conferred (Ibid, V, 36, Schol.). -- W.S.W.
Ghost and the Epinoia of the gnostic Valentinus.
Head of a sorrowing angel by Filippino Lippi (1457-1504). 253
Head of a sorrowing angel by Filippino Lippi (1457-1504). Reproduced from Regamey, Anges.
Hylotheism: (Gr. hyle matter, and theism q.v.). A synonym for either pantheism or materialism in that this doctrine identifies mattei and god, or has the one merge into the other. -- K.F.L Hylozoism: (Gr. hyle, mattei -- zoe, life) The doctrine that life is a property of matter, that matter and life are inseparable, that life is derived from matter, or that matter has spiritual properties. The conception of nature as alive or animated, of reality as alive. The original substance as bearing within itself the cause of all motion and change. The early Greek cosmologists of the Milesian school made statements which implied a belief in life for their primary substances. For Straton of Lampsacus each of the ultimate particles of matter possesses life. For the Stoics the universe as a whole is alive. For Spinoza different kinds of things possess life in different grades. -- J.K F.
hypinosis ::: n. --> A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the blood.
Identity-philosophy: In general the term has been applied to any theory which failed to distinguish between spirit and matter, subject and object, regarding them as an undifferentiated unity; hence such a philosophy is a species of monism. In the history of philosophy it usually signifies the system which has been called Identitätsphilosophie by Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling who held that spirit and nature are fundamentally the same, namely, the Absolute. Neither the ego nor the non-ego are the ultimate principles of being; they are both relative concepts which are contained in something absolute. This is the supreme principle of Absolute Identity of the ideal and the real. Reasoning does not lead us to the Absolute which can only be attained by immediate intellectual intuition. In it we find the eternal concepts of things and from it we can derive everything else. We are obliged to conceive the Absolute Identity as the indifference of the ideal and the real. Of course, this is God in Whom all opposites are united. He is the unity of thought and being, the subjective and the objective, form and essence, the general and infinite, and the particular and finite. This teaching is similar to that of Spinoza. -- J.J.R.
infraspinal ::: a. --> Below the vertebral column, subvertebral.
Below the spine; infraspinate; infraspinous.
infraspinate ::: a. --> Alt. of Infraspinous
infraspinous ::: a. --> Below the spine; infraspinal; esp., below the spine of the scapula; as, the infraspinous fossa; the infraspinate muscle.
In his chief work, the Ethica, Spinoza's teaching is expressed in a manner for which geometry supplies the model. This expository device served various purposes. It may be interpreted as a clue to Spinoza's ideal of knowledge. So understood, it represents the condensed and ordered expression, not of 'philosophy' alone, but rather of all knowledge, 'philosophy' and 'science', as an integrated system. In such an ideal ordering of ideas, (rational) theology and metaphysics provide the anchorage for the system. On the one hand, the theology-metaphysics displays the fundamental principles (definitions, postulates, axioms) upon which the anchorage depends, and further displays in deductive fashion the primary fund of ideas upon which the inquiries of science, both 'descriptive' and 'normative' must proceed. On the other hand, the results of scientific inquiry are anchored at the other end, by a complementary metaphysico-theological development of their significance. Ideally, there obtains, for Spinoza, both an initial theology and metaphysics -- a necessary preparation for science -- and a culminating theology and metaphysics, an interpretative absorption of the conclusions of science.
In modern thought: the Substance of Descartes and Spinoza, the God of Malebranche and Berkeley, the Energy of materialism, the Space-Time of realism, the Pure Experience of phenomenalism, the ding-an-sich (q.v.) of Kant.
In Spinoza's sense, that which "is", preeminently and without qualification -- the source and ultimate subject of all distinctions. Being is thus divided into that which is "in itself" and "in another" (Ethica, I, Ax. 4; see also "substance" and "mode", Defs. 3 and 5). Being is likewise distinguished with respect to "finite" and "infinite", under the qualifications of absolute and relative, thus God is defined (Ibid, I, Def. 6) as "Being absolutely infinite". Spinoza seems to suggest that the term, Being, has, in the strict sense, no proper definition (Cog. Met., I, 1). The main characteristics of Spinoza's treatment of this notion are (i) his clear-headed separation of the problems of existence and Being, and (ii) his carefully worked out distinction between ens reale and ens rationis by means of which Spinoza endeavors to justify the ontological argument (q.v.) in the face of criticism by the later Scholastics. -- W.S.W.
Intel 486DX ::: (processor) One of Intel's Intel 486 family of microprocessors (one of the last before the Pentium). The 486DX has a working built-in floating point unit (FPU). The Intel 486SX is effectively a DX with the FPU disabled. The DX has a pin to select the external data bus width (16 or 32).The Intel 487SX is a 486DX with a 486SX pinout. (1995-05-09)
Intel 486DX "processor" One of {Intel}'s {Intel 486} family of {microprocessors} (one of the last before the {Pentium}). The 486DX has a working built-in {floating point unit} (FPU). The {Intel 486SX} is effectively a DX with the FPU disabled. The DX has a pin to select the external {data bus} width (16 or 32). The {Intel 487SX} is a 486DX with a 486SX pinout. (1995-05-09)
Intel 486 "processor" (Or "i486", "iAPX 80486", and "Intel DX4" but usually just "486"). A range of {Intel} {CISC} {microprocessors} which is part of the {Intel 80x86} family of processors. The 486s are very similar to their immediate predecessor, the {Intel 80386}DX. The main differences are that the 486 has an optimised {instruction set}, has an on-chip unified instruction and data {cache}, an optional on-chip {floating-point unit} (FPU), and an enhanced {bus interface unit}. These improvements yield a rough doubling in performance over an {Intel 80386} at the same {clock rate}. There are several suffixes and variants including: {Intel 486SX} - a 486DX with a faulty {FPU} that has been disabled in the factory. {Intel 486DX} - 486SX with a working {FPU}. 486DX-2 - runs at twice the external {clock rate}. 486SX-2 - runs at twice the external {clock rate}. 486SL - 486DX with power conservation circuitry. 486SL-NM - 486SX with power conservation circuitry; SL enhanced suffix, denotes a 486 with special power conservation circuitry similar to that in the 486SL processors. 487 - 486DX with a slightly different pinout for use in 486SX systems. OverDrive - 486DX-2 with a slightly different pinout for use in 486SX systems. {RapidCAD} - 486DX in a special package with a companion {FPU} dummy package for use in {Intel 80386} systems. {Intel DX4}, {Cyrix} {Cy486SLC}. External {clock rates} include 16MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, 33MHz, 40MHz, although 16Mhz is rare now, and the 20MHz processors are often clock doubled. The 486 processor has been licensed or reverse engineered by other companies such as {IBM}, {AMD}, {Cyrix}, and {Chips & Technologies}. Some are almost exact duplicates in specications and performance, some aren't. The successor to the 486 is the {Pentium}. (1995-02-21)
Intel 486 ::: (processor) (Or i486, iAPX 80486, and Intel DX4 but usually just 486). A range of Intel CISC microprocessors which is part of the Intel 80x86 family of processors.The 486s are very similar to their immediate predecessor, the Intel 80386DX. The main differences are that the 486 has an optimised instruction set, has an unit (FPU), and an enhanced bus interface unit. These improvements yield a rough doubling in performance over an Intel 80386 at the same clock rate.There are several suffixes and variants including:Intel 486SX - a 486DX with its FPU disabled (see crippleware).Intel 486DX - 486SX with a working FPU.486DX-2 - runs at twice the external clock rate.486SX-2 - runs at twice the external clock rate.486SL - 486DX with power conservation circuitry.486SL-NM - 486SX with power conservation circuitry; SL enhanced suffix, denotes a 486 with special power conservation circuitry similar to that in the 486SL processors.487 - 486DX with a slightly different pinout for use in 486SX systems.OverDrive - 486DX-2 with a slightly different pinout for use in 486SX systems.RapidCAD - 486DX in a special package with a companion FPU dummy package for use in Intel 80386 systems.Intel DX4, Cyrix Cy486SLC.External clock rates include 16MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, 33MHz, 40MHz, although 16Mhz is rare now, and the 20MHz processors are often clock doubled.The 486 processor has been licensed or reverse engineered by other companies such as IBM, AMD, Cyrix, and Chips & Technologies. Some are almost exact duplicates in specications and performance, some aren't.The successor to the 486 is the Pentium. (1995-02-21)
interspinal ::: a. --> Alt. of Interspinous
interspinous ::: a. --> Between spines; esp., between the spinous processes of the vertebral column.
In the rationalistic tradition, Descartes introduces a distinction between finite and infinite substance. To conceive of substance is to conceive an existing thing which requires nothing but itself in order to exist. Strictly speaking, God alone is substance. Created or finite substances are independent in the sense that they need only the concurrence of God in order to exist. 'Everything in which there resides immediately, as in a subject, or by means of which there exists anything that we perceive, i.e., any property, quality, or attribute, of which we have a real idea, is called a Substance." (Reply to Obj. II, Phil. Works, trans, by Haldane and Ross, vol. II, p. 53, see Prin. of Phil. Pt. I, 51, 52). Substance is that which can exist by itself without the aid of any other substance. Reciprocal exclusion of one another belongs to the nature of substance. (Reply to Obj. IV). Spinoza brings together medieval Aristotelian meanings and the Cartesian usage, but rejects utterly the notion of finite substance, leaving only the infinite. The former is, in effect, a contradiction in terms, according to him. Spinoza further replaces the Aristotelian distinction between substance and accident with that between substance and mode. (See Wolfson, The Phil. of Spinoza, vol. I, ch. 3). "By substance, I understand that which is in itself and is conceived through itself; in other words that, the conception of which does not need the conception of another thing from which it must be formed." (Ethics, I, Def. III). Substance is thus ultimate being, self-caused or from itself (a se), and so absolutely independent being, owing its being to itself, and eternally self-sustaining. It is in itself (in se), and all things are within it. Substance is one and there can be but one substance; God is this substance. For Descartes, every substance has a principal attribute, an unchangeable essential nature, without which it can neither be nor be understood. The attribute is thus constitutive of substance, and the latter is accessible to mind only through the former. By virtue of having different constitutive essences or attributes, substances are opposed to one another. Spinoza, rejecting the idea of finite substance, necessarily rejects the possibility of a plurality of substances. The attributes of the one substance are plural and are constitutive. But the plurality of attributes implies that substance as such cannot be understood by way of any one attribute or by way of several. Accordingly, Spinoza declares that substance is also per se, i.e., conceived through itself. The infinite mode of an attribute, the all pervasive inner character which defines an attribute in distinction from another, is Spinoza's adaptation of the Cartesian constitutive essence.
Intuitio: A term generally employed by Spinoza in a more technical sense than that found in the Cartesian philosophy (see Reg. ad Dir. Ing., III). It is primarily used by Spinoza in connection with "scientia intuitiva" or knowledge "of the third kind" (Ethica, II, 40, Schol. 2). Intuition of this sort is absolutely certain and infallible, in contrast to reason (ratio, q.v.), it produces the highest peace and virtue of the mind (Ibid, V, 25 and 27). Also, as over against ratio, it yields an adequate knowledge of the essence of things, and thus enables us to know and love God, through which knowledge (Ibid, V, 39) the greater part of our mind is rendered eternal. -- W.S.W.
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich: (1743-1819) German philosopher of "feeling" who opposed the Kantian tradition. He held that the system of absolute subjective idealism, to which he reduced Kant, could not grasp ultimate reality. He was equally opposed to a dogmatic rationalism such as the Spinozistic. He based his view upon feeling, belief or faith by which he purported to find truth as immediately revealed in consciousness. Main works: Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza in Briefen an Moses Mendelsohn, 1785; David Hume über den Glauben, 1787; Sendschreiben an Fichte, 1799. -- L.E.D.
J. O. Herder, Ideen z. Philos. d. Gesch. d. Menschheit, 1784-91; Gott. Gespräche über Spinoza's System, 1787; Briefe z. Beförderung d. Humanität, 1793; Metakritik, 1799; Kalligone, 1800; last two works directed against Kant's Critiques (q.v.). -- H-H.
Late period: Timaeus, Critias, Sophistes, Politicus, Philebus, Parmenides, Laws, Epinomis (doubtful). Thirteen Letters have also been preserved, of which two (VII-VIII), at least, are probably authentic.
Legal Philosophy: Deals with the philosophic principles of law and justice. The origin is to be found in ancient philosophy. The Greek Sophists criticized existing laws and customs by questioning their validity: All human rules are artificial, created by enactment or convention, as opposed to natural law, based on nature. The theory of a law of nature was further developed by Aristotle and the Stoics. According to the Stoics the natural law is based upon the eternal law of the universe; this itself is an outgrowth of universal reason, as man's mind is an offshoot of the latter. The idea of a law of nature as being innate in man was particularly stressed and popularized by Cicero who identified it with "right reason" and already contrasted it with written law that might be unjust or even tyrannical. Through Saint Augustine these ideas were transmitted to medieval philosophy and by Thomas Aquinas built into his philosophical system. Thomas considers the eternal law the reason existing in the divine mind and controlling the universe. Natural law, innate in man participates in that eternal law. A new impetus was given to Legal Philosophy by the Renaissance. Natural Jurisprudence, properly so-called, originated in the XVII. century. Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, Benedictus Spinoza, John Locke, Samuel Pufendorf were the most important representatives of that line of thought. Grotius, continuing the Scholastic tradition, particularly stressed the absoluteness of natural hw (it would exist even if God did not exist) and, following Jean Bodin, the sovereignty of the people. The idea of the social contract traced all political bodies back to a voluntary compact by which every individual gave up his right to self-government, or rather transferred it to the government, abandoning a state of nature which according to Hobbes must have been a state of perpetual war. The theory of the social compact more and more accepts the character of a "fiction" or of a regulative idea (Kant). In this sense the theory means that we ought to judge acts of government by their correspondence to the general will (Rousseau) and to the interests of the individuals who by transferring their rights to the commonwealth intended to establish their real liberty. Natural law by putting the emphasis on natural rights, takes on a revolutionary character. It played a part in shaping the bills of rights, the constitutions of the American colonies and of the Union, as well as of the French declaration of the rights of men and of citizens. Natural jurisprudence in the teachings of Christian Wolff and Thomasius undergoes a kind of petrification in the vain attempt to outline an elaborate system of natural law not only in the field of international or public law, but also in the detailed regulations of the law of property, of contract, etc. This sort of dogmatic approach towards the problems of law evoked the opposition of the Historic School (Gustav Hugo and Savigny) which stressed the natural growth of laws ind customs, originating from the mysterious "spirit of the people". On the other hand Immanuel Kant tried to overcome the old natural law by the idea of a "law of reason", meaning an a priori element in all existing or positive law. In his definition of law ("the ensemble of conditions according to which everyone's will may coexist with the will of every other in accordance with a general rule of liberty"), however, as in his legal philosophy in general, he still shares the attitude of the natural law doctrine, confusing positive law with the idea of just law. This is also true of Hegel whose panlogism seemed to lead in this very direction. Under the influence of epistemological positivism (Comte, Mill) in the later half of the nineteenth century, legal philosophy, especially in Germany, confined itself to a "general theory of law". Similarily John Austin in England considered philosophy of law concerned only with positive law, "as it necessarily is", not as it ought to be. Its main task was to analyze certain notions which pervade the science of law (Analytical Jurisprudence). In recent times the same tendency to reduce legal philosophy to logical or at least methodological tasks was further developed in attempting a pure science of law (Kelsen, Roguin). Owing to the influence of Darwinism and natural science in general the evolutionist and biological viewpoint was accepted in legal philosophy: comparative jurisprudence, sociology of law, the Freirecht movement in Germany, the study of the living law, "Realism" in American legal philosophy, all represent a tendency against rationalism. On the other hand there is a revival of older tendencies: Hegelianism, natural law -- especially in Catholic philosophy -- and Kantianism (beginning with Rudolf Stammler). From here other trends arose: the critical attitude leads to relativism (f.i. Gustav Radbruch); the antimetaphysical tendency towards positivism -- though different from epistemological positivism -- and to a pure theory of law. Different schools of recent philosophy have found their applications or repercussions in legal philosophy: Phenomenology, for example, tried to intuit the essences of legal institutions, thus coming back to a formalist position, not too far from the real meaning of analytical jurisprudence. Neo-positivism, though so far not yet explicitly applied to legal philosophy, seems to lead in the same direction. -- W.E.
Leibniz, Gottfried Withelm: (1646-1716) Born in Leipzig, where his father was a professor in the university, he was educated at Leipzig, Jena, and Altdorf University, where he obtained his doctorate. Jurist, mathematician, diplomat, historian, theologian of no mean proportions, he was Germany's greatest 17th century philosopher and one of the most universal minds of all times. In Paris, then the centre of intellectual civilization (Moliere was still alive, Racine at the height of his glory), where he had been sent on an official mission of state, he met Arnauld, a disciple of Descartes who acquainted him with his master's ideas, and Huygens who taught him as to the higher forms of mathematics and their application to physical phenomena. He visited London, where he met Newton, Boyle, and others. At the Hague he came face to face with the other great philosopher of the time, Spinoza. One of Leibniz's cherished ideas was the creation of a society of scholars for the investigation of all branches of scientific truth to combine them into one great system of truth. His philosophy, the work "of odd moments", bears, in content and form, the impress of its haphazard origin and its author's cosmopolitan mode of large number of letters, essays, memoranda, etc., published in various scientific journals. Universality and individuality characterize him both as a man and philosopher.
Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph: (1742-1799) Influential German satirist. Made discoveries in physics. He leaned towards theoretical materialism, and yet had a strong religious (Spinozistic) element. -- H.H.
Main works: Exposition more geometrico of Descartes' Principles, 1663; Tract. Theol.-Politicus, 1670 (only two books published during Spinoza's lifetime); Ethics, demonstrated in geometrical order, 1677; Political Treatise, 1677; De intellectus. emendatione, 1677 (On the Improvement of the Human Mind). Cf. Vloten and Land, 2 vol. edition of Spinoza's works. Spir, African: (1837-1890) A native of Russia, whose philosophy was influenced by Spinoristic and Kantian traditions. The main thesis of his philosophy is that sensory experience and reasoning are basically contradictory, insofar as the former informs us of constant change, whereas the latter is characterized by the a priori principle of identity. -- R.B.W.
Mind-body relation: Relation obtaining between the individual mind and its body. Theories of the mind-body relation are monistic or dualistic according as they identify or separate the mind and the body. Monistic theories include: the theory of mind as bodily function, advanced by Aristotle and adhered to by thinkers as divergent as Hobbes, Hegel, and the Behaviorists, the theory of body as mental appearance held by Berkeley, Leibniz, Schopenhauer and certain other idealists, the two-aspect theory of Spinoza and of recent neutral monism which considers mind and body as manifestations of a third reality which is neither mental nor bodily. The principal dualistic theories are: two sided interacti'onism of Descartes, Locke, James and others. See Interactionism. psycho-physical parallelism. See Parallelism, Psycho-physical. Epephenomenalism. See Epephenomenalism.
Modern Period. In the 17th century the move towards scientific materialism was tempered by a general reliance on Christian or liberal theism (Galileo, Bacon, Descartes, Hobbes, Gassendi, Toland, Hartley, Priestley, Boyle, Newton). The principle of gravitation was regarded by Newton, Boyle, and others, as an indication of the incompleteness of the mechanistic and materialistic account of the World, and as a direct proof of the existence of God. For Newton Space was the "divine sensorium". The road to pure modern idealism was laid by the epistemological idealism (epistemological subjectivism) of Campanella and Descartes. The theoretical basis of Descartes' system was God, upon whose moral perfection reliance must be placed ("God will not deceive us") to insure the reality of the physical world. Spinoza's impersonalistic pantheism is idealistic to the extent that space or extension (with modes of Body and Motion) is merely one of the infinity of attributes of Being. Leibniz founded pure modern idealism by his doctrine of the immateriality and self-active character of metaphysical individual substances (monads, souls), whose source and ground is God. Locke, a theist, gave chief impetus to the modern theory of the purely subjective character of ideas. The founder of pure objective idealism in Europe was Berkeley, who shares with Leibniz the creation of European immaterialism. According to him perception is due to the direct action of God on finite persons or souls. Nature consists of (a) the totality of percepts and their order, (b) the activity and thought of God. Hume later an implicit Naturalist, earlier subscribed ambiguously to pure idealistic phenomenalism or scepticism. Kant's epistemological, logical idealism (Transcendental or Critical Idealism) inspired the systems of pure speculative idealism of the 19th century. Knowledge, he held, is essentially logical and relational, a product of the synthetic activity of the logical self-consciousness. He also taught the ideality of space and time. Theism, logically undemonstrable, remains the choice of pure speculative reason, although beyond the province of science. It is also a practical implication of the moral life. In the Critique of Judgment Kant, marshalled facts from natural beauty and the apparent teleological character of the physical and biological world, to leave a stronger hint in favor of the theistic hypothesis. His suggestion thit reality, as well as Mind, is organic in character is reflected in the idealistic pantheisms of his followers: Fichte (abstract personalism or "Subjective Idealism"), Schellmg (aesthetic idealism, theism, "Objective Idealism"), Hegel (Absolute or logical Idealism), Schopenhauer (voluntaristic idealism), Schleiermacher (spiritual pantheism), Lotze ("Teleological Idealism"). 19th century French thought was grounder in the psychological idealism of Condillac and the voluntaristic personalism of Biran. Throughout the century it was essentially "spiritualistic" or personalistic (Cousin, Renouvier, Ravaisson, Boutroux, Lachelier, Bergson). British thought after Hume was largely theistic (A. Smith, Paley, J. S. Mill, Reid, Hamilton). In the latter 19th century, inspired largely by Kant and his metaphysical followers, it leaned heavily towards semi-monistic personalism (E. Caird, Green, Webb, Pringle-Pattison) or impersonalistic monism (Bradley, Bosanquet). Recently a more pluralistic personalism has developed (F. C. S. Schiller, A. E. Taylor, McTaggart, Ward, Sorley). Recent American idealism is represented by McCosh, Howison, Bowne, Royce, Wm. James (before 1904), Baldwin. German idealists of the past century include Fechner, Krause, von Hartmann, H. Cohen, Natorp, Windelband, Rickert, Dilthey, Brentano, Eucken. In Italy idealism is represented by Croce and Gentile, in Spain, by Unamuno and Ortega e Gasset; in Russia, by Lossky, in Sweden, by Boström; in Argentina, by Aznar. (For other representatives of recent or contemporary personalism, see Personalism.) -- W.L.
Moreover, it is a serious wide-spread error of interpretation to consider Bergson as an anti-intellectualist. His alleged anti-intellectualism should be considered as a protest against taking the static materialism and spatialization of Newton's conception of nature is being anything but a high abstraction, as a rejection of the extreme claims of mechanistic and materialistic science, as an effort of reason to transcend itself in harmony with the greatest idealistic thinkers, as an effort of thinkers to stress the dynamic nature of reality, and as a persistent criticism of reason, a continuation of the Kantian tradition. His much misread conception of intuition may be viewed as akin to Spinoza's intuitio, to wit: a completion rather than a rejection of reason. -- H.H.
murex ::: n. --> A genus of marine gastropods, having rough, and frequently spinose, shells, which are often highly colored inside; the rock shells. They abound in tropical seas.
natal plum ::: --> The drupaceous fruit of two South African shrubs of the genus Arduina (A. bispinosa and A. grandiflora).
Natural Theology: In general, natural theology is a term used to distinguish any theology based upon the fundamental premise of the ability of man to construct his theory of God and of the world out of the framework of his own reason and of reasonable probability from the so-called "revealed theology" which presupposes that God and divine purposes are not open to unaided human understanding but rest upon a supernatural and not wholly understandable basis. See Deism; Renaissance. During the 17th and 18th centuries there were attempts to set up a "natural religion" to which men might easily give their assent and to offset the extravagant claims of the supernaturalists and their harsh charges against doubters. The classical attempt to make out a case for the sweet reasonableness of a divine purpose at work in the world of nature was given by Paley in his Natural Theology (1802). Traditional Catholicism, especially that of the late middle Ages developed a kind of natural theology based upon the metaphysics of Aristotle. Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz developed a more definite type of natural theology in their several constructions of what now may well be called philosophical theology wherein reason is made the guide. Natural theology has raised its head in recent times in attempts to combat the extravagant declarations of theologians of human pessimism. The term, however, is unfortunate because it is being widely acknowledged that so-called "revealed theology" is natural (recent psychological and social studies) and that natural theology need not deny to reason its possible character as the bearer of an immanent divine revelation. -- V.F.
Natura naturans: God as the active power of nature. (A term introduced by Averroës, also used by Spinoza.)
Natura Naturans (Latin) Nature naturing; Spinoza, who identified God and nature, distinguished between natura naturans and natura naturata (nature natured), the former being the immanent, universal causal nature which manifests itself in innumerable modes (physical, psychological, and other), the sum of all of which is natura naturata. This is pantheism, as far as it goes.
Natura naturata: The world as the complex unity of individual things, the substance created by God, the natural naturans. (A term introduced by Averroës and used by Spinoza.)
neurapophysis ::: n. --> One of the two lateral processes or elements which form the neural arch.
The dorsal process of the neural arch; neural spine; spinous process.
Neutralism: A type of monism which holds that reality is neither mind nor matter but a single kind of stuff of which mind and matter are but appearances of aspects. Spinoza is the classical representative. -- H.H.
newgroup wars /n[y]oo'groop worz/ [{Usenet}] The salvos of dueling "newgroup" and "rmgroup" messages sometimes exchanged by persons on opposite sides of a dispute over whether a {newsgroup} should be created net-wide, or (even more frequently) whether an obsolete one should be removed. These usually settle out within a week or two as it becomes clear whether the group has a natural constituency (usually, it doesn't). At times, especially in the completely anarchic alt hierarchy, the names of newsgroups themselves become a form of comment or humour; e.g. the spinoff of alt.swedish.chef.bork.bork.bork from alt.tv.muppets in early 1990, or any number of specialised abuse groups named after particularly notorious {flamers}, e.g. alt.weemba. [{Jargon File}]
Objectivation: See Objectivize. Objective: (a) Possessing the character of a real object existing independently of the knowing mind in contrast to subjective. See Subjective. (b) In Scholastic terminology beginning with Duns Scotus and continuing into the 17th and 18th centuries, objective designated anything existing as idea or representation in the mind without independent existence, (cf. Descartes, Meditations, III; "Spinoza, Ethics, I, prop. 30; Berkeley's Siris, § 292.) The change from sense (b) to (a) was made by Baumgarten. See R. Eucken, Geschichte der Philosophischen Terminologie, p. 68. -- L.W.
One of the two attributes (q.v.) of God which, according to Spinoza, are accessible to the human intellect (Ethics, II, passim). While the attribution of thought (cogitatio, q.v.) to God was a medieval commonplace, the attribution of extension to God was, in the tradition, highly heretical. Spinoza, however, was at great pains to show (Ibid, I, 14-18) that unless such attribution was made, all theories of God's causality were rendered either nonsensical or explicitly contradictory. -- W.S.W.
onocerin ::: n. --> A white crystalline waxy substance extracted from the root of the leguminous plant Ononis spinosa.
organicism ::: A philosophical orientation that asserts that reality is best understood as an organic whole. By definition it is close to holism. Benedict Spinoza and Constantin Brunner are two philosophers whose thought is best understood as organicist.
Parallelism, psychophysical: (Cr parallelos, from para, beside -- allelon, of one another). A dualistic solution of the mind body problem (see Mind-body relation) which asserts, in its extreme form, a perfect one-to-one correlation between the system of physical events in nature and the system of psychical events in mind. In its more moderate and restricted form, parallelism asserts only a correlation between all psychoses (mental events in an individual mind) and all or some neuroses (neural events in the individual's body). Thus there may exist physico-chemical and even neural processes in the body having no psychical correlates The term parallelism was introduced by Fechner (Zend-Avesta, Bk III, ch XIX, D) but the doctrine appeared in Spinoza (Ethics, Bk II, prop. 7 schol. and props. 11 and 12) -- L.W.
penuchle ::: n. --> Alt. of Pinocle
pinocle ::: n. --> A game at cards, played with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two packs.
See Penuchle.
pinole ::: n. --> An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.
Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water, it makes a nutritious beverage.
pin-out "hardware" (Or "pinout") The allocation of logical functions or signals to the electrical connection points (pins) of an {integrated circuit} or other component or connector. (1996-04-04)
pin-out ::: (hardware) (Or pinout) The allocation of logical functions or signals to the electrical connection points (pins) of an integrated circuit or other component or connector. (1996-04-04)
Pity: A more or less condescending feeling for other living beings in their suffering or lowly condition, condoned by those who hold to the inevitability of class differences, but condemned by those who believe in melioration or the establishment of more equitable relations and therefore substitute sympathy (q.v.). Synonymous with "having mercy" or "to spare" in the Old Testament (the Lord is "of many bowels"), Christians also are exhorted to be pitiful (e.g., 1. Pet. 3.8). Spinoza yet equates it with commiseration, but since this involves pain in addition to some good if alleviating action follows, it is to be overcome in a life dictated by reason. Except for moral theories which do not recognize feeling for other creatures as a fundamental urge pushing into action, such as utilitarianism in some of its aspects and Hinduism which adheres to the doctrine of karma (q.v.), however far apart the two are, pity may be regarded a prime ethical impulse but, due to its coldness and the possibility of calculation entering, is no longer countenanced as an essentially ethical principle in modern moral thinking. -- K.F.L.
Pleasure and pain: In philosophy these terms appear mostly in ethical discussions, where they have each two meanings not always clearly distinguished. "Pleasure" is used sometimes to refer to a certain hedonic quality of experiences, viz. pleasantness, and sometimes as a name for experiences which have that quality (here "pleasures" are "pleasant experiences" and "pleasure" is the entire class of such experiences). Mutatis mutandis, the same is true of "pain". Philosophers have given various accounts of the nature of pleasure and pain. E.g., Aristotle says that pleasure is a perfection supervening on ccrtain activities, pain the opposite. Spinoza defines pleasure as the feeling with which one passes from a lesser state of perfection to a greater, pain is the feeling with which one makes the reverse transition. Again, philosophers have raised various questions about pleasure and pain. Can they be identified with good and evil? Are our actions always determined by our own pleasure and pain actual or prospective? Can pleasures and pains be distinguished quantitatively, qualitatively? See Bentham, Epicureanism. -- W.K.F.
postscapular ::: a. --> Of or pertaining to the postscapula; infraspinous.
Preestablished Harmony: A theory expounded by Leibniz and adopted in modified form by other thinkers after him, to refute the theories of interactionism, occasionalism, and the parallel ism of the Spinozistic type, in psycho-physics. According to its dynamism, matter and spirit, body and soul, the physical and the moral, each a "windowless", perfect monad (q.v.) in itself, are once and for all not only corresponding realities, but they are also synchronized by God in their changes like two clocks, thus rendering the assumption of any mutual or other influences nugatory. -- K.F.L.
prescapular ::: a. --> Of or pertaining to the prescapula; supraspinous.
rapinous ::: a. --> Given to rapine.
Rationalism: A method, or very broadly, a theory of philosophy, in which the criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive. Usually associated with an attempt to introduce mathematical methods into philosophy, as in Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza. -- V.J.B.
Reflection: (Lat. reflectio, from re + flectere, to bend) The knowledge which the mind has of itself and its operations. The term is used in this sense by Locke (cf. Essay, II, 1, § 4) Spinoza (cf. On the Improvement of the Understanding 13) and Leibniz (cf. Monadology, and New Essays, Preface, § 4) but has now largely been supplanted by the term introspection. See Intelligence, Introspection. -- L.W.
Self-love: The term may be used to denote self-complacency or self-admiration (see Spinoza, Ethics, Book III, Prop. 55, note), but in ethical discussion it usually designates concern for one's own individual interest, advantage, or happiness. Taking the term in this latter sense philosophers have debated the question whether or not all of our actions, approvals, etc., are motivated entirely by self-love. Hobbes holds that they are. Spinoza, similarity, holds that the endeavor to conserve oneself is the basis of all of one's actions and virtues. Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Butler, and Hume, in opposition to Hobbes, argued that benevolence or sympathy and the moral sense or conscience are springs of action which are not reducible to self-love. Butler also pointed out that self-love itself presupposes the existence of certain primary desires, such as hunger, with whose satisfaction it is concerned, and which therefore cannot be subsumed under it. See Egoism. -- W.K.F.
skate ::: n. --> A metallic runner with a frame shaped to fit the sole of a shoe, -- made to be fastened under the foot, and used for moving rapidly on ice.
Any one of numerous species of large, flat elasmobranch fishes of the genus Raia, having a long, slender tail, terminated by a small caudal fin. The pectoral fins, which are large and broad and united to the sides of the body and head, give a somewhat rhombic form to these fishes. The skin is more or less spinose.
sloe ::: n. --> A small, bitter, wild European plum, the fruit of the blackthorn (Prunus spinosa); also, the tree itself.
Social Contract: The original covenant by which, according to certain philosophers of modern times -- Hooker, Hohbes, Althusius, Spinoza, Locke, Pufendorf, etc. -- individuals have united and formed the state. This theory was combined with the older idea of the governmental contract by which the people conferred the power of government upon a single person or a group of persons. This theory goes back to ancient philosophy and was upheld by medieval thinkers, suth as Thomas Aquinas, Marsilius of Padova. Though most of the philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth century realized that no such original compact as the idea of the Social Contract called for, had actually occurred, the idea, nevertheless, served as a criterion to determine whether any act of the government was just or not, i.e., whether the consent of the governed might be assumed (especially Rousseau, Kant). The theory of the Social Contract had a remarkable influence upon the political philosophy of the American colonies. See Political Philosophy. -- W.E.
Socket 370 ::: (hardware, standard, processor) (PGA370) A physical and electrical specification for a motherboard processor socket. Socket 370 uses a square SPGA ZIF socket with 370 pins, arranged 37x37 (sometimes described as 19x19).Intel originally designed Socket 370 for PPGA Celeron processors. Newer Socket 370 motherboards additionally support FC-PGA Celeron and Pentium III processors.The difference between the two versions is electrical; some pins are used differently and voltage requirements have been changed from Intel's VRM 8.2 to VRM 8.4. In addition, Celeron processors require a 66 MHz front side bus (FSB), and Pentium III processors require a 100/133 MHz FSB.Some older Socket 370 motherboards support VRM 8.4 and variable bus speeds, so adapters are available that convert the socket pinout to allow FC-PGA processors to work.VIA's Cyrix III processor was designed to work with Socket 370 motherboards. . .(2000-08-26)
Socket 370 "hardware, standard, processor" (PGA370) A physical and electrical specification for a {motherboard} {processor} socket. Socket 370 uses a square {SPGA} {ZIF} socket with 370 pins, arranged 37x37 (sometimes described as 19x19). {Intel} originally designed Socket 370 for {PPGA} Celeron processors. Newer Socket 370 motherboards additionally support {FC-PGA} Celeron and {Pentium III} processors. The difference between the two versions is electrical; some pins are used differently and voltage requirements have been changed from Intel's {VRM 8.2} to {VRM 8.4}. In addition, Celeron processors require a 66 MHz front side bus ({FSB}), and Pentium III processors require a 100/133 MHz FSB. Some older Socket 370 motherboards support VRM 8.4 and variable bus speeds, so adapters are available that convert the socket pinout to allow FC-PGA processors to work. {VIA}'s {Cyrix III} processor was designed to work with Socket 370 motherboards. {Intel Celeron Processor in PPGA form factor - Integration (http://pentium.com/design/quality/celeron/ppga/integration.htm)}. {Pentium III Processors - Design Guidelines (http://intel.com/design/PentiumIII/designgd/)}. (2000-08-26)
sparoid ::: a. --> Of or pertaining to the Sparidae, a family of spinous-finned fishes which includes the scup, sheepshead, and sea bream. ::: n. --> One of the Sparidae.
spine-finned ::: a. --> Having fine supported by spinous fin rays; -- said of certain fishes.
spinocerebellum ::: Region of the cerebellar cortex that receives input from the spinal cord, particularly Clarke’s column in the thoracic spinal cord.
spinose ::: a. --> Full of spines; armed with thorns; thorny.
spinosity ::: n. --> The quality or state of being spiny or thorny; spininess.
spinothalamic pathway ::: see anterolateral pathway.
spinothalamic tract ::: Ascending white matter tract carrying information about pain and temperature from the spinal cord to the VP nuclear complex in the thalamus; also referred to as the anterolateral tract.
spinous ::: a. --> Spinose; thorny.
Having the form of a spine or thorn; spinelike.
spinozism ::: n. --> The form of Pantheism taught by Benedict Spinoza, that there is but one substance, or infinite essence, in the universe, of which the so-called material and spiritual beings and phenomena are only modes, and that one this one substance is God.
Spinozism: The philosophic doctrine of Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677). Described by Hegel as the philosophy of Substance. Spinoza denies the possibility of a plurality of substances, and reserves the term for absolute reality. Hence Spinozism is sometimes used as equivalent to Monism. It is also identified with Pantheism, although this is a highly misleading characterization.
spinozist ::: n. --> A believer in Spinozism.
stingbull ::: n. --> The European greater weever fish (Trachinus draco), which is capable of inflicting severe wounds with the spinous rays of its dorsal fin. See Weever.
Suarezianism is systematic, orderly, easy to teach, it has become the framework of many Catholic text-books in philosophy, particularly of those by Jesuit authors. Schopenhauer, Spinoza, Leibniz and Descartes mention their reading of the Disputations. See: Grab-mann, M., "Die Disp. Metaph. F. Suarez in ihrer methodischen Eigenart und Fortwirkung," in Franz Suarez, S.J., (Innsbruck, 1917). (Pedro Descoqs, S. J., is an outstanding contemporary Suarezian).
tapayaxin ::: n. --> A Mexican spinous lizard (Phrynosoma orbiculare) having a head somewhat like that of a toad; -- called also horned toad.
tendrac ::: n. --> Any one of several species of small insectivores of the family Centetidae, belonging to Ericulus, Echinope, and related genera, native of Madagascar. They are more or less spinose and resemble the hedgehog in habits. The rice tendrac (Oryzorictes hora) is very injurious to rice crops. Some of the species are called also tenrec.
terpinol ::: n. --> Any oil substance having a hyacinthine odor, obtained by the action of acids on terpin, and regarded as a related hydrate.
that when Spinoza was “execrated, cursed, and cast out” from his community in Amsterdam
The critique of Kant resolves substance into the a priori category of Inherence-and-subsistence, and so to a necessary synthetic activity of mind upon the data of experience. In the dialectic of Hegel, the effort is made to unify the logical meanings of substance as subject and the meaning of absolute independent being as defined in Spinoza. -- L.M.H.
The fixity of this theoretical structure is not to be interpreted as incompatible with the continuous movement of discovery. The function of philosophy as such, in any age, is that of attempting to effect the theoretical ordering of the available fund of knowledge. There is implicit in Spinoza's conception of this function the recognition of the two-fold character of the task of philosophy. The task, on the one hand is reflection upon the available fund of insight and ideas, upon all the fruits of reflection and inquiry, with the purpose of coherent ordering and expression of the fund. In this sense, 'philosophy' is that which can be displayed in the geometrical fashion. It is equally the task of philosophy, however, to prepare for this display and ordering. Paradoxically, philosophy must prepare for itself. Philosophy, in this function, is reflection upon the conditions of all inquiry, the discovery of the grounds of method, of the proper and indispensable assumptions of inquiry as such, and of the basic ideas within whose domain inquiry will move. If inquiry is to be undertaken at all, then mind must discover within itself, and disclose to itself, whatever authoritative guidance can be assured for the enterprise. The competence of the mind to know, the determination of the range of that competence, the rational criteria of truth, the necessities levelled to mind by the very reflections of mind -- these and related questions define the task of philosophy as propaedeutic both to philosophy itself and to science. In this recognition of the two-fold character of philosophy, and of its relation to science, Spinoza is re-stating the spirit of Descartes.
Theism: (Gr. theos, god) Is in general that type of religion or religious philosophy (see Religion, Philosophy of) which incorporates a conception of God as a unitary being; thus may be considered equivalent to monotheism. The speculation as to the relation of God to world gave rise to three great forms: God identified with world in pantheism (rare with emphasis on God); God, once having created the world, relatively disinterested in it, in deism (mainly an 18th cent, phenomenon); God working in and through the world, in theism proper. Accordingly, God either coincides with the world, is external to it (deus ex machina), or is immanent. The more personal, human-like God, the more theological the theism, the more appealing to a personal adjustment in prayer, worship, etc., which presuppose either that God, being like man, may be swayed in his decision, has no definite plan, or subsists in the very stuff man is made of (humanistic theism). Immanence of God entails agency in the world, presence, revelation, involvement in the historic process, it has been justified by Hindu and Semitic thinkers, Christian apologetics, ancient and modern metaphysical idealists, and by natural science philosophers. Transcendency of God removes him from human affairs, renders fellowship and communication in Church ways ineffectual, yet preserves God's majesty and absoluteness such as is postulated by philosophies which introduce the concept of God for want of a terser term for the ultimate, principal reality. Like Descartes and Spinoza, they allow the personal in God to fade and approach the age-old Indian pantheism evident in much of Vedic and post-Vedic philosophy in which the personal pronoun may be the only distinguishing mark between metaphysical logic and theology, similarly as in Hegel. The endowment postulated of God lends character to a theistic system of philosophy. Much of Hindu and Greek philosophy stresses the knowledge and ration aspect of the deity, thus producing an epistemological theism; Aristotle, in conceiving him as the prime mover, started a teleological one; mysticism is psychologically oriented in its theism, God being a feeling reality approachable in appropriate emotional states. The theism of religious faith is unquestioning and pragmatic in its attitude toward God; theology has often felt the need of offering proofs for the existence of God (see God) thus tending toward an ontological theism; metaphysics incorporates occasionally the concept of God as a thought necessity, advocating a logical theism. Kant's critique showed the respective fields of pure philosophic enquiry and theistic speculations with their past in historic creeds. Theism is left a possibility in agnosticism (q.v.). -- K.F.L.
“The kabalist is a student of ‘secret science,’ one who interprets the hidden meaning of the Scriptures with the help of the symbolical Kabalah, and explains the real one by these means. The Tanaim were the first kabalists among the Jews; they appeared at Jerusalem about the beginning of the third century before the Christian era. The books of Ezekiel, Daniel, Henoch, and the Revelation of St. John, are purely kabalistical. This secret doctrine is identical with that of the Chaldeans, and includes at the same time much of the Persian wisdom, or ‘magic.’ History catches glimpses of famous kabalists ever since the eleventh century. The Mediaeval ages, and even our own times, have had an enormous number of the most learned and intellectual men who were students of the Kabala . . . The most famous among the former were Paracelsus, Henry Khunrath, Jacob Bohmen, Robert Fludd, the two Van Helmonts, the Abbot John Trithemius, Cornelius Agrippa, Cardinal Nicolao Cusani, Jerome Carden, Pope Sixtus IV., and such Christian scholars as Raymond Lully, Giovanni Pico de la Mirandola, Guillaume Postel, the great John Reuchlin, Dr. Henry More, Eugenius Philalethes (Thomas Vaughan), the erudite Jesuit Athanasius Kircher, Christian Knorr (Baron) von Rosenroth; then Sir Isaac Newton, Leibniz, Lord Bacon, Spinosa, etc., etc., the list being almost inexhaustible. As remarked by Mr. Isaac Myer, in his Qabbalah [p. 170], the ideas of the Kabalists have largely influenced European literature. ‘Upon the practical Qabbalah, the Abbe de Villars (nephew of de Montfaucon) in 1670, published his celebrated satirical novel, “The Count de Gabalis,” upon which Pope based his “Rape of the Lock.” Qabbalism ran through the Mediaeval poems, the “Romance of the Rose,” and permeates the writings of Dante.’ No two of them, however, agreed upon the origin of the Kabala, the Zohar, Sepher Yetzirah, etc. Some show it as coming from the Biblical Patriarchs, Abraham, and even Seth; others from Egypt, others again from Chaldea. The system is certainly very old; but like all the rest of systems, whether religious or philosophical, the Kabala is derived directly from the primeval Secret Doctrine of the East; through the Vedas, the Upanishads, Orpheus and Thales, Pythagoras and the Egyptians. Whatever its source, its substratum is at any rate identical with that of all the other systems from the Book of the Dead down to the later Gnostics” (TG 167-8).
The precipitates of the propaedeutical effort are to be found, for Spinoza, in the definitions, axioms, postulates, and within the structural plan expressed in the geometrical ordering. It is highly probable that Spinoza would have admitted the tentative character of at least some of the definitions, axioms, and postulates formulated by him. He doubtless saw the possibility that the process of inquiry, revising, augmenting, and re-coordinating the fund of knowledge, might demand alteration in the structural bases of systematic expression as well as in the knowledge to be ordered. Such changes, however, would occur within limits set by the propaedeutical disclosures and the general framework. Advance might require the abandonment of an older metaphysical element, and the substitution of a new one. But with equal likelihood, the advance of knowledge would make possible a richer and deeper apprehension of the content of fixed principles. To illustrate: The first definition of the Ethica, that of Causa sui, might well be for Spinoza a principle that awakened reason must accept, a truth whose priority and validity could not be undermined. He might regard it as a minimal definition of reality, of the nature of the ultimate object of inquiry. On the other hand, Spinoza, it may be conjectured, would not claim for every element of his system a similar finality. Just as he recognizes the role of hypothesis in science, in a similar way, he would recognize the tentative character of some metaphysical and theological elements.
There is a close mystical connection between Ennoia and Epinoia, the first passive aeon — aeon in Gnosticism signifying both a period of time and also a spiritual entity forming part of a cosmic hierarchy.
The second question in value-theory is the question "What things are good? What is good, what is the highest good, etc.;" On this question perhaps the main issue historically is between those who say that the good is pleasure, satisfaction, or some state of feeling, and those who say that the good is virtue, a state of will, or knowledge, a state of the intellect. Holding the good to be pleasure or satisfaction are some of the Sophists, the hedonists (the Cyrenaic, the Epicureans, Hobbes, Hume, Bentham, Mill, Sidgwick, Spencer, Schlick). Holding virtue or knowledge or both to be good or supremely good are Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, the Neo-Platonists, Augustine, Aquinas, Spinoza, Kant, Hegel, G. E. Moore, H. Rashdall, J. Laird, W. D. Ross, N. Hartmann.
The structural mture of this ideal ordering reflects, of course, the Spinozistic view of the real. Ultimate reality, as Causa sui and as substance, is all-inclusive. Causality is immanent causality, and every determinative being lies within the one substantial being. Spinoza's doctiine of attributes, infinite and finite modes, serve to express both the all encompassing and systematic nature of the one ultimate reality and to distinguish and to determine the status of finite beings within this reality. In its immanentism as well as in its rational mysticism, the doctrine of Spinoza is not improperly regarded as a Plotinism re-directed by the influence of Descartes and invigorated by the enterprise of modern science. -- A.G.A.B.
This system contrasts with those of Spinoza and Leibnitz, Spinoza accentuating the monistic view and Leibnitz regarding Descartes’s two substances as aspects of the One Substance (SD 1:628-9). It is stated, furthermore, that a combination of Spinoza with Leibnitz would give the essence of theosophical philosophy, according to which the universe, though essentially a unity, appears as a plurality of monads, manifesting under the dual — yet essentially illusory — aspects of spirit and matter. There is therefore no essential difference between spirit and matter, these being but mutually contrasted aspects of the one underlying and all-pervading substance.
Three senses of "Ockhamism" may be distinguished: Logical, indicating usage of the terminology and technique of logical analysis developed by Ockham in his Summa totius logicae; in particular, use of the concept of supposition (suppositio) in the significative analysis of terms. Epistemological, indicating the thesis that universality is attributable only to terms and propositions, and not to things as existing apart from discourse. Theological, indicating the thesis that no tneological doctrines, such as those of God's existence or of the immortality of the soul, are evident or demonstrable philosophically, so that religious doctrine rests solely on faith, without metaphysical or scientific support. It is in this sense that Luther is often called an Ockhamist. Bibliography: B. Geyer, Ueberwegs Grundriss d. Gesch. d. Phil., Bd. II (11th ed., Berlin 1928), pp. 571-612 and 781-786; N. Abbagnano, Guglielmo di Ockham (Lanciano, Italy, 1931); E. A. Moody, The Logic of William of Ockham (N. Y. & London, 1935); F. Ehrle, Peter von Candia (Muenster, 1925); G. Ritter, Studien zur Spaetscholastik, I-II (Heidelberg, 1921-1922). --E.A.M. Om, aum: (Skr.) Mystic, holy syllable as a symbol for the indefinable Absolute. See Aksara, Vac, Sabda. --K.F.L. Omniscience: In philosophy and theology it means the complete and perfect knowledge of God, of Himself and of all other beings, past, present, and future, or merely possible, as well as all their activities, real or possible, including the future free actions of human beings. --J.J.R. One: Philosophically, not a number but equivalent to unit, unity, individuality, in contradistinction from multiplicity and the mani-foldness of sensory experience. In metaphysics, the Supreme Idea (Plato), the absolute first principle (Neo-platonism), the universe (Parmenides), Being as such and divine in nature (Plotinus), God (Nicolaus Cusanus), the soul (Lotze). Religious philosophy and mysticism, beginning with Indian philosophy (s.v.), has favored the designation of the One for the metaphysical world-ground, the ultimate icility, the world-soul, the principle of the world conceived as reason, nous, or more personally. The One may be conceived as an independent whole or as a sum, as analytic or synthetic, as principle or ontologically. Except by mysticism, it is rarely declared a fact of sensory experience, while its transcendent or transcendental, abstract nature is stressed, e.g., in epistemology where the "I" or self is considered the unitary background of personal experience, the identity of self-consciousness, or the unity of consciousness in the synthesis of the manifoldness of ideas (Kant). --K.F.L. One-one: A relation R is one-many if for every y in the converse domain there is a unique x such that xRy. A relation R is many-one if for every x in the domain there is a unique y such that xRy. (See the article relation.) A relation is one-one, or one-to-one, if it is at the same time one-many and many-one. A one-one relation is said to be, or to determine, a one-to-one correspondence between its domain and its converse domain. --A.C. On-handedness: (Ger. Vorhandenheit) Things exist in the mode of thereness, lying- passively in a neutral space. A "deficient" form of a more basic relationship, termed at-handedness (Zuhandenheit). (Heidegger.) --H.H. Ontological argument: Name by which later authors, especially Kant, designate the alleged proof for God's existence devised by Anselm of Canterbury. Under the name of God, so the argument runs, everyone understands that greater than which nothing can be thought. Since anything being the greatest and lacking existence is less then the greatest having also existence, the former is not really the greater. The greatest, therefore, has to exist. Anselm has been reproached, already by his contemporary Gaunilo, for unduly passing from the field of logical to the field of ontological or existential reasoning. This criticism has been repeated by many authors, among them Aquinas. The argument has, however, been used, if in a somewhat modified form, by Duns Scotus, Descartes, and Leibniz. --R.A. Ontological Object: (Gr. onta, existing things + logos, science) The real or existing object of an act of knowledge as distinguished from the epistemological object. See Epistemological Object. --L.W. Ontologism: (Gr. on, being) In contrast to psychologism, is called any speculative system which starts philosophizing by positing absolute being, or deriving the existence of entities independently of experience merely on the basis of their being thought, or assuming that we have immediate and certain knowledge of the ground of being or God. Generally speaking any rationalistic, a priori metaphysical doctrine, specifically the philosophies of Rosmini-Serbati and Vincenzo Gioberti. As a philosophic method censored by skeptics and criticists alike, as a scholastic doctrine formerly strongly supported, revived in Italy and Belgium in the 19th century, but no longer countenanced. --K.F.L. Ontology: (Gr. on, being + logos, logic) The theory of being qua being. For Aristotle, the First Philosophy, the science of the essence of things. Introduced as a term into philosophy by Wolff. The science of fundamental principles, the doctrine of the categories. Ultimate philosophy; rational cosmology. Syn. with metaphysics. See Cosmology, First Principles, Metaphysics, Theology. --J.K.F. Operation: "(Lit. operari, to work) Any act, mental or physical, constituting a phase of the reflective process, and performed with a view to acquiring1 knowledge or information about a certain subject-nntter. --A.C.B. In logic, see Operationism. In philosophy of science, see Pragmatism, Scientific Empiricism. Operationism: The doctrine that the meaning of a concept is given by a set of operations. 1. The operational meaning of a term (word or symbol) is given by a semantical rule relating the term to some concrete process, object or event, or to a class of such processes, objectj or events. 2. Sentences formed by combining operationally defined terms into propositions are operationally meaningful when the assertions are testable by means of performable operations. Thus, under operational rules, terms have semantical significance, propositions have empirical significance. Operationism makes explicit the distinction between formal (q.v.) and empirical sentences. Formal propositions are signs arranged according to syntactical rules but lacking operational reference. Such propositions, common in mathematics, logic and syntax, derive their sanction from convention, whereas an empirical proposition is acceptable (1) when its structure obeys syntactical rules and (2) when there exists a concrete procedure (a set of operations) for determining its truth or falsity (cf. Verification). Propositions purporting to be empirical are sometimes amenable to no operational test because they contain terms obeying no definite semantical rules. These sentences are sometimes called pseudo-propositions and are said to be operationally meaningless. They may, however, be 'meaningful" in other ways, e.g. emotionally or aesthetically (cf. Meaning). Unlike a formal statement, the "truth" of an empirical sentence is never absolute and its operational confirmation serves only to increase the degree of its validity. Similarly, the semantical rule comprising the operational definition of a term has never absolute precision. Ordinarily a term denotes a class of operations and the precision of its definition depends upon how definite are the rules governing inclusion in the class. The difference between Operationism and Logical Positivism (q.v.) is one of emphasis. Operationism's stress of empirical matters derives from the fact that it was first employed to purge physics of such concepts as absolute space and absolute time, when the theory of relativity had forced upon physicists the view that space and time are most profitably defined in terms of the operations by which they are measured. Although different methods of measuring length at first give rise to different concepts of length, wherever the equivalence of certain of these measures can be established by other operations, the concepts may legitimately be combined. In psychology the operational criterion of meaningfulness is commonly associated with a behavioristic point of view. See Behaviorism. Since only those propositions which are testable by public and repeatable operations are admissible in science, the definition of such concepti as mind and sensation must rest upon observable aspects of the organism or its behavior. Operational psychology deals with experience only as it is indicated by the operation of differential behavior, including verbal report. Discriminations, or the concrete differential reactions of organisms to internal or external environmental states, are by some authors regarded as the most basic of all operations. For a discussion of the role of operational definition in phvsics. see P. W. Bridgman, The Logic of Modern Physics, (New York, 1928) and The Nature of Physical Theory (Princeton, 1936). "The extension of operationism to psychology is discussed by C. C. Pratt in The Logic of Modem Psychology (New York. 1939.) For a discussion and annotated bibliography relating to Operationism and Logical Positivism, see S. S. Stevens, Psychology and the Science of Science, Psychol. Bull., 36, 1939, 221-263. --S.S.S. Ophelimity: Noun derived from the Greek, ophelimos useful, employed by Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) in economics as the equivalent of utility, or the capacity to provide satisfaction. --J.J.R. Opinion: (Lat. opinio, from opinor, to think) An hypothesis or proposition entertained on rational grounds but concerning which doubt can reasonably exist. A belief. See Hypothesis, Certainty, Knowledge. --J.K.F- Opposition: (Lat. oppositus, pp. of oppono, to oppose) Positive actual contradiction. One of Aristotle's Post-predicaments. In logic any contrariety or contradiction, illustrated by the "Square of Opposition". Syn. with: conflict. See Logic, formal, § 4. --J.K.F. Optimism: (Lat. optimus, the best) The view inspired by wishful thinking, success, faith, or philosophic reflection, that the world as it exists is not so bad or even the best possible, life is good, and man's destiny is bright. Philosophically most persuasively propounded by Leibniz in his Theodicee, according to which God in his wisdom would have created a better world had he known or willed such a one to exist. Not even he could remove moral wrong and evil unless he destroyed the power of self-determination and hence the basis of morality. All systems of ethics that recognize a supreme good (Plato and many idealists), subscribe to the doctrines of progressivism (Turgot, Herder, Comte, and others), regard evil as a fragmentary view (Josiah Royce et al.) or illusory, or believe in indemnification (Henry David Thoreau) or melioration (Emerson), are inclined optimistically. Practically all theologies advocating a plan of creation and salvation, are optimistic though they make the good or the better dependent on moral effort, right thinking, or belief, promising it in a future existence. Metaphysical speculation is optimistic if it provides for perfection, evolution to something higher, more valuable, or makes room for harmonies or a teleology. See Pessimism. --K.F.L. Order: A class is said to be partially ordered by a dyadic relation R if it coincides with the field of R, and R is transitive and reflexive, and xRy and yRx never both hold when x and y are different. If in addition R is connected, the class is said to be ordered (or simply ordered) by R, and R is called an ordering relation. Whitehcid and Russell apply the term serial relation to relations which are transitive, irreflexive, and connected (and, in consequence, also asymmetric). However, the use of serial relations in this sense, instead ordering relations as just defined, is awkward in connection with the notion of order for unit classes. Examples: The relation not greater than among leal numbers is an ordering relation. The relation less than among real numbers is a serial relation. The real numbers are simply ordered by the former relation. In the algebra of classes (logic formal, § 7), the classes are partially ordered by the relation of class inclusion. For explanation of the terminology used in making the above definitions, see the articles connexity, reflexivity, relation, symmetry, transitivity. --A.C. Order type: See relation-number. Ordinal number: A class b is well-ordered by a dyadic relation R if it is ordered by R (see order) and, for every class a such that a ⊂ b, there is a member x of a, such that xRy holds for every member y of a; and R is then called a well-ordering relation. The ordinal number of a class b well-ordered by a relation R, or of a well-ordering relation R, is defined to be the relation-number (q. v.) of R. The ordinal numbers of finite classes (well-ordered by appropriate relations) are called finite ordinal numbers. These are 0, 1, 2, ... (to be distinguished, of course, from the finite cardinal numbers 0, 1, 2, . . .). The first non-finite (transfinite or infinite) ordinal number is the ordinal number of the class of finite ordinal numbers, well-ordered in their natural order, 0, 1, 2, . . .; it is usually denoted by the small Greek letter omega. --A.C. G. Cantor, Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers, translated and with an introduction by P. E. B. Jourdain, Chicago and London, 1915. (new ed. 1941); Whitehead and Russell, Princtpia Mathematica. vol. 3. Orexis: (Gr. orexis) Striving; desire; the conative aspect of mind, as distinguished from the cognitive and emotional (Aristotle). --G.R.M.. Organicism: A theory of biology that life consists in the organization or dynamic system of the organism. Opposed to mechanism and vitalism. --J.K.F. Organism: An individual animal or plant, biologically interpreted. A. N. Whitehead uses the term to include also physical bodies and to signify anything material spreading through space and enduring in time. --R.B.W. Organismic Psychology: (Lat. organum, from Gr. organon, an instrument) A system of theoretical psychology which construes the structure of the mind in organic rather than atomistic terms. See Gestalt Psychology; Psychological Atomism. --L.W. Organization: (Lat. organum, from Gr. organon, work) A structured whole. The systematic unity of parts in a purposive whole. A dynamic system. Order in something actual. --J.K.F. Organon: (Gr. organon) The title traditionally given to the body of Aristotle's logical treatises. The designation appears to have originated among the Peripatetics after Aristotle's time, and expresses their view that logic is not a part of philosophy (as the Stoics maintained) but rather the instrument (organon) of philosophical inquiry. See Aristotelianism. --G.R.M. In Kant. A system of principles by which pure knowledge may be acquired and established. Cf. Fr. Bacon's Novum Organum. --O.F.K. Oriental Philosophy: A general designation used loosely to cover philosophic tradition exclusive of that grown on Greek soil and including the beginnings of philosophical speculation in Egypt, Arabia, Iran, India, and China, the elaborate systems of India, Greater India, China, and Japan, and sometimes also the religion-bound thought of all these countries with that of the complex cultures of Asia Minor, extending far into antiquity. Oriental philosophy, though by no means presenting a homogeneous picture, nevertheless shares one characteristic, i.e., the practical outlook on life (ethics linked with metaphysics) and the absence of clear-cut distinctions between pure speculation and religious motivation, and on lower levels between folklore, folk-etymology, practical wisdom, pre-scientiiic speculation, even magic, and flashes of philosophic insight. Bonds with Western, particularly Greek philosophy have no doubt existed even in ancient times. Mutual influences have often been conjectured on the basis of striking similarities, but their scientific establishment is often difficult or even impossible. Comparative philosophy (see especially the work of Masson-Oursel) provides a useful method. Yet a thorough treatment of Oriental Philosophy is possible only when the many languages in which it is deposited have been more thoroughly studied, the psychological and historical elements involved in the various cultures better investigated, and translations of the relevant documents prepared not merely from a philological point of view or out of missionary zeal, but by competent philosophers who also have some linguistic training. Much has been accomplished in this direction in Indian and Chinese Philosophy (q.v.). A great deal remains to be done however before a definitive history of Oriental Philosophy may be written. See also Arabian, and Persian Philosophy. --K.F.L. Origen: (185-254) The principal founder of Christian theology who tried to enrich the ecclesiastic thought of his day by reconciling it with the treasures of Greek philosophy. Cf. Migne PL. --R.B.W. Ormazd: (New Persian) Same as Ahura Mazdah (q.v.), the good principle in Zoroastrianism, and opposed to Ahriman (q.v.). --K.F.L. Orphic Literature: The mystic writings, extant only in fragments, of a Greek religious-philosophical movement of the 6th century B.C., allegedly started by the mythical Orpheus. In their mysteries, in which mythology and rational thinking mingled, the Orphics concerned themselves with cosmogony, theogony, man's original creation and his destiny after death which they sought to influence to the better by pure living and austerity. They taught a symbolism in which, e.g., the relationship of the One to the many was clearly enunciated, and believed in the soul as involved in reincarnation. Pythagoras, Empedocles, and Plato were influenced by them. --K.F.L. Ortega y Gasset, Jose: Born in Madrid, May 9, 1883. At present in Buenos Aires, Argentine. Son of Ortega y Munillo, the famous Spanish journalist. Studied at the College of Jesuits in Miraflores and at the Central University of Madrid. In the latter he presented his Doctor's dissertation, El Milenario, in 1904, thereby obtaining his Ph.D. degree. After studies in Leipzig, Berlin, Marburg, under the special influence of Hermann Cohen, the great exponent of Kant, who taught him the love for the scientific method and awoke in him the interest in educational philosophy, Ortega came to Spain where, after the death of Nicolas Salmeron, he occupied the professorship of metaphysics at the Central University of Madrid. The following may be considered the most important works of Ortega y Gasset: Meditaciones del Quijote, 1914; El Espectador, I-VIII, 1916-1935; El Tema de Nuestro Tiempo, 1921; España Invertebrada, 1922; Kant, 1924; La Deshumanizacion del Arte, 1925; Espiritu de la Letra, 1927; La Rebelion de las Masas, 1929; Goethe desde Adentio, 1934; Estudios sobre el Amor, 1939; Ensimismamiento y Alteracion, 1939; El Libro de las Misiones, 1940; Ideas y Creencias, 1940; and others. Although brought up in the Marburg school of thought, Ortega is not exactly a neo-Kantian. At the basis of his Weltanschauung one finds a denial of the fundamental presuppositions which characterized European Rationalism. It is life and not thought which is primary. Things have a sense and a value which must be affirmed independently. Things, however, are to be conceived as the totality of situations which constitute the circumstances of a man's life. Hence, Ortega's first philosophical principle: "I am myself plus my circumstances". Life as a problem, however, is but one of the poles of his formula. Reason is the other. The two together function, not by dialectical opposition, but by necessary coexistence. Life, according to Ortega, does not consist in being, but rather, in coming to be, and as such it is of the nature of direction, program building, purpose to be achieved, value to be realized. In this sense the future as a time dimension acquires new dignity, and even the present and the past become articulate and meaning-full only in relation to the future. Even History demands a new point of departure and becomes militant with new visions. --J.A.F. Orthodoxy: Beliefs which are declared by a group to be true and normative. Heresy is a departure from and relative to a given orthodoxy. --V.S. Orthos Logos: See Right Reason. Ostensible Object: (Lat. ostendere, to show) The object envisaged by cognitive act irrespective of its actual existence. See Epistemological Object. --L.W. Ostensive: (Lat. ostendere, to show) Property of a concept or predicate by virtue of which it refers to and is clarified by reference to its instances. --A.C.B. Ostwald, Wilhelm: (1853-1932) German chemist. Winner of the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1909. In Die Uberwindung des wissenschaftlichen Materialistmus and in Naturphilosophie, his two best known works in the field of philosophy, he advocates a dynamic theory in opposition to materialism and mechanism. All properties of matter, and the psychic as well, are special forms of energy. --L.E.D. Oupnekhat: Anquetil Duperron's Latin translation of the Persian translation of 50 Upanishads (q.v.), a work praised by Schopenhauer as giving him complete consolation. --K.F.L. Outness: A term employed by Berkeley to express the experience of externality, that is the ideas of space and things placed at a distance. Hume used it in the sense of distance Hamilton understood it as the state of being outside of consciousness in a really existing world of material things. --J.J.R. Overindividual: Term used by H. Münsterberg to translate the German überindividuell. The term is applied to any cognitive or value object which transcends the individual subject. --L.W. P
Thus the method is the delineation of systems which are real, and the doctrine of reality nothing other than a detailed statement of the result. Such a statement is the final category of dialectical analysis, the Absolute Idea, this is the "truth" of Being. What this category is in detail can be specified only by the method whereby it is warranted. In general it is the structure of fact, possibility and value as determined by dialectical negation. It is the all-comprehensive system, the "whole," which harmoniously includes every statement of fact, possibility and value by "sublating" (through dialectical negation) every such statement within its own structure. It is also of the nature of "subject" in contradistinction to "substance" as defined by Spinoza; Hegel sometimes speaks of it as Absolute Spirit. If this doctrine is to be called absolute idealism, as is customary, its distinguishing characteristic should not be submerged in the name: the system which is here identified with reality is structured precisely as disclosed in the process of dialectical negation which exhibits it.
To Spinoza, appetition is conscious desire. It is the essence of man insofar as he is conceived as determined to act by any of his affections. -- J.M.
weever ::: n. --> Any one of several species of edible marine fishes belonging to the genus Trachinus, of the family Trachinidae. They have a broad spinose head, with the eyes looking upward. The long dorsal fin is supported by numerous strong, sharp spines which cause painful wounds.
With reference to the approach to the central reality of religion, God, and man's relation to it, types of the Philosophy of Religion may be distinguished, leaving out of account negative (atheism), skeptical and cynical (Xenophanes, Socrates, Voltaire), and agnostic views, although insertions by them are not to be separated from the history of religious consciousness. Fundamentalism, mainly a theological and often a Church phenomenon of a revivalist nature, philosophizes on the basis of unquestioning faith, seeking to buttress it by logical argument, usually taking the form of proofs of the existence of God (see God). Here belong all historic religions, Christianity in its two principal forms, Catholicism with its Scholastic philosophy and Protestantism with its greatly diversified philosophies, the numerous religions of Hinduism, such as Brahmanism, Shivaism and Vishnuism, the religion of Judaism, and Mohammedanism. Mysticism, tolerated by Church and philosophy, is less concerned with proof than with description and personal experience, revealing much of the psychological factors involved in belief and speculation. Indian philosophy is saturated with mysticism since its inception, Sufism is the outstanding form of Arab mysticism, while the greatest mystics in the West are Plotinus, Meister Eckhart, Tauler, Ruysbroek, Thomas a Kempis, and Jacob Bohme. Metaphysics incorporates religious concepts as thought necessities. Few philosophers have been able to avoid the concept of God in their ontology, or any reference to the relation of God to man in their ethics. So, e.g., Plato, Spinoza, Leibniz, Schelling, and especially Hegel who made the investigation of the process of the Absolute the essence of the Philosophy of Religion.
KEYS (10k)
1 Pino
NEW FULL DB (2.4M)
58 Baruch Spinoza
8 Augusto Pinochet
5 Ida Lupino
3 Robert Repino
1:Not now, I am trying to read my book! ~ Pino, Ergo Proxy, #KEYS
*** WISDOM TROVE ***
*** NEWFULLDB 2.4M ***
1:Not now, I am trying to read my book! ~ Pino, Ergo Proxy, #NFDB
2:Forgive an old man his memories,” Pino said. “Some loves never die. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
3:we can’t stop loving our fellow man, Pino, because we’re frightened. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
4:Pino shook his head. Mimo was barely sixteen and yet a battle-hardened veteran. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
5:I went to the actual SVU precinct... and got a really good sense of what it was like. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
6:Leyers’s life after the war and put Pino’s questions to rest. My heartfelt thanks ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
7:Pino ignored her, focusing instead on the locomotive in an apron chugging out of the kitchen ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
8:What do we do, Father?” “We have faith, Pino. We have faith and continue to do what is right. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
9:That sounded like love, Pino thought. When I fall in love, I think it will feel just like that. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
10:we can’t stop loving our fellow man, Pino, because we’re frightened. If we lose love, all is lost. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
11:But we can’t stop loving our fellow man, Pino, because we’re frightened. If we lose love, all is lost. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
12:Pino shrugged. “Maybe he liked the sound of it. Pino Lella.” Mimo snorted. “You do live in a fantasy world.” They ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
13:Don't say Fili, sister. Say Pili. In Tagalog, pili means to choose. Pino means fine. Pilipino equals 'fine choice. ~ Jessica Hagedorn, #NFDB
14:Maybe that’s all it takes for the future to exist, Pino thought. You must imagine it first. You must dream it first. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
15:Dorme, dorme, meu menino
Dorme no Mar dos Sargaços
Que mais vale o mar a pino
Que as serpentes nos meus braços. ~ M rio Cesariny,#NFDB
16:They shared a long silence. “What do we do, Father?” “We have faith, Pino. We have faith and continue to do what is right. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
17:destroyed all over again, Pino grabbed the radio and almost hurled it against the wall, intending to bust it into a thousand ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
18:a novel of biographical and historical fiction that hews closely to what happened to Pino Lella between June 1943 and May 1945. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
19:But we can’t stop loving our fellow man, Pino, because we’re frightened. If we lose love, all is lost. We just have to get smarter. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
20:fifty meters away and down the length of the stadium. An OT captain and a sergeant trailed him. Pino pressed himself tight to the tunnel ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
21:The best thing is to grieve for the people you loved and lost, and then welcome and love the new people life puts in front of you.” Pino ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
22:As far as Pino was concerned, wars were about murder and thievery. One army killed to steal the hill; then another killed to steal it back. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
23:Father Re put his hand on Pino’s shoulder. “It sounds like too much to me, too, Pino, but I’m afraid it’s not too much for God to ask of you. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
24:Pino was seized by something much more compelling and primal, as if Anna were not human but a spirit, a melody, a perfect instrument of love. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
25:Pino took one last look at the Beltraminis before walking south toward the telephone exchange, feeling like the blast had cut out part of his heart. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
26:Choose wisely, then eat in moderation. When I know I'm going to Mom's for dinner, I throw an extra 20 minutes on the cardio machine so I can be ready to eat. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
27:Vengeance,” Pino said calmly, feeling weirdly out of his body. “Italians believe in it, mon général. Italians believe bloodshed is good for the wounded soul. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
28:For me, being in front of a camera is a matter of practicing and refining your art. I think, if you're telling a story worth telling, it's worth investing the time into developing. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
29:We have heard that, too,” the priest said. “But we can’t stop loving our fellow man, Pino, because we’re frightened. If we lose love, all is lost. We just have to get smarter. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
30:Pino’s head swung slowly back and forth. “But where will I go to . . .” “See her?” his father said. “You go to where you were both happiest, and she’ll always be there. I promise you that. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
31:Pino closed his eyes and tried to go with the music, which was as gentle and playful as a summer stream. He tried to imagine the stream, tried to find peace in it, and sleep, and nothingness. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
32:People are dying and you’re playing music?” Several people came into the hallway behind his mother, including his aunt, uncle, and father. Michele said, “Music is how we survive such times, Pino. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
33:It all made Pino realize that the earth did not know war, that nature would go on no matter what horror one man might inflict on another. Nature didn’t care a bit about men and their need to kill and conquer ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
34:You can’t be the hero all the time, Pino.” “If you say so.” “I do say so. You can’t carry the world’s problems on your back. You have to find some happiness in your life, and just do your best with the rest. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
35:It all made Pino realize that the earth did not know war, that nature would go on no matter what horror one man might inflict on another. Nature didn’t care a bit about men and their need to kill and conquer. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
36:I'm very involved in FIU. I'm class of '96 and my wife is class of '97. I'm a member of the foundation board. We talk about where the university is strategically and the evolution of programs for the near and distant future. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
37:I'm certainly proud to be Cuban American, and it's a fantastic opportunity for anybody - regardless of their ethnicity or nationality. It does carry a measure or pride to know where you're from and to know what your roots are. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
38:Then refind your faith in mankind in your love of Anna, and build your strength through your love of God. These are dark times, Pino, but I really do sense clouds wanting to lift and the sun wanting to rise on Italy again. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
39:Pino couldn’t help thinking that he had just had the best evening of his life at the tail end of the worst day of his life. He’d experienced every emotion possible in a span of twelve hours, from horror to grief to kissing Anna. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
40:looked at him. “I don’t know you. Where’s the letter?” “It was in my pocket last night, but I . . . There was a party and . . . ,” Pino said. “Please, just let me talk to your commander.” “Not without something that says he should be ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
41:I’m busy at the moment, Albert,” replied Pino’s Austrian aunt Greta, who was waiting on the Nazi. She was a tall, thin woman with short brown hair and an easy smile. The German was smoking and examining a leather-wrapped cigarette case ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
42:I hope they realize that the human spirit is infinite. That it has remarkable reserves. To paraphrase Pino toward the end of the book, no matter how flawed, we have to be thankful for the miracle of every moment. Because it is a miracle. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
43:Uncle Albert fished in a canvas bag for bread, wine, cheese, and dried salami. The Beltraminis broke out five ripe cantaloupes. Pino’s father sat in the grass next to his violin case, his arms wrapped around his knees and an enchanted look on his face ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
44:I don't think there's a way to replace Stabler. The most I could hope for is to come and try and develop a character who is interesting, who is interesting to me, who is interesting to fans and who could contribute to the storytelling that is 'Law & Order: SVU.' ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
45:Pino at that moment seemed to me like a portal into a long-ago world where the ghosts of war and courage, the demons of hatred and inhumanity, and the arias of faith and love still played out within the good and decent soul who'd survived to tell the tales. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
46:I am excited to be doing 'SVU' - I think there's a lot of inherent drama and a lot of inherent conflict in procedural shows. I have a lot of respect for police officers and the work that they do. There's a lot of nobility to depicting what these officers do on a day to day basis. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
47:The centerpiece of 'Law and Order' is the crime, and it starts with the writing. There's a beginning, a middle and an end. It allows the audience to watch any given episode and can drop right in and not feel lost. I think the stark, raw structure has a lot to do with its longevity. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
48:A natureza sorriu-se comovida. Um sino, ao longe, batia alegre as doze badaladas do meio-dia. O sol, vitorioso, estava a pino e, por entre a copagem negra da mangueira, um dos seus raios descia em fio de ouro sobre o ventre da rapariga, abençoando a nova mulher que se formava para o mundo. ~ Alu sio Azevedo, #NFDB
49:The Nazis have killed priests helping Jews. They’ve pulled them right off the altar while they were saying Mass.” “We have heard that, too,” the priest said. “But we can’t stop loving our fellow man, Pino, because we’re frightened. If we lose love, all is lost. We just have to get smarter. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
50:Pino dove into the snow and hugged the base of an old tree. Bullets raked the grove east to west and back again, tearing the limbs off trees and off partisans, judging by the anguished screaming that followed. For a few moments, everything to Pino was nightmarish, sluggish, and snow-covered, ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
51:The Nazis have killed priests helping Jews. They’ve pulled them right off the altar while they were saying Mass.” “We have heard that, too,” the priest said. “But we can’t stop loving our fellow man, Pino, because we’re frightened. If we lose love, all is lost. We just have to get smarter.” The ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
52:Pino remembered her telling him that she didn’t believe much in the future, that she tried to live moment by moment, looking for reasons to be grateful, trying to create her own happiness and grace, and to use them as a means to a good life in the present and not a goal to be achieved some other day. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
53:I'm blessed to come from a family with five brothers. We're all physical and athletic and like to work out, like to be outside, like to throw the ball around. We spent our entire childhoods on some kind of corner or in a field. We still do a Turkey Bowl every Thanksgiving. It gets competitive, man. Bloody. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
54:He had seen Alessandra Pino only once before, but he never forgot her… he had heard many rumors about her, but they all ended with the same conclusion. She was crazy, stark-raving-mad-fuck-bat-crazy. She kept getting moved from purification site to purification site. Everyone wanted her. No one could handle her. ~ Cerece Rennie Murphy, #NFDB
55:The main difference is, in 'Cold Case,' the victim sometimes had been dead for decades - you didn't have the advantage of being able to interview the victim. You had to piece together the circumstances surrounding the crime from witnesses and other evidence. 'SVU' is much more immediate in that you can talk to the victim. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
56:I have my great grandmother's recipe for black beans, all the way from Cuba, and I know how to make those. I'm actually pretty good at it now. But my first time, the beans actually exploded in the pot, so I had black beans just dripping from the ceiling - which is actually a dream come true for most Cubans. It was a nightmare to clean. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
57:I find the older I get, the lower in weight I go. It's harder to recover. Living in New York City, working a job that is unpredictable and at times stressful, you're lifting way more than your max because you need to push some weight around. You put an extra plate on for the release, and then you're sore the next week. Its stress release. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
58:I had been on another procedural show, 'Cold Case,' for seven years, and I certainly respected the legacy of 'Law & Order,' even though I had only seen a handful of episodes. Being a dad meant the reality was that I probably knew more about Dora and Diego. But I saw the show with fresh eyes, and I wasn't coming in with a bunch of baggage. ~ Danny Pino, #NFDB
59:My first reaction was that the story of Pino Lella’s life in the last twenty-three months of the war could not possibly be true. We would have heard it before. But then I learned that Pino—pronounced pea-no—was still alive some six decades later and back in Italy after nearly thirty years in Beverly Hills and Mammoth Lakes, California. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
60:By noon, Pino was sitting on the steps of La Scala where he could see the front of the Hotel Regina and the Daimler parked nearby. He was numb with grief. Gazing across the street at the statue of the great Leonardo and listening to the chatter of citizens who hurried past, he wanted to cry again. Everyone was talking about the atrocity. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
61:But after everything, and even when the skies turn scarlet and threatening, I still believe that if we are lucky enough to be alive, we must give thanks for the miracle of every moment of every day, no matter how flawed. And we must have faith in God, and in the Universe, and in a better tomorrow, even if that faith is not always deserved.” “Pino ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
62:Alberto Ascari says there have been atrocities, Father,” Pino said. “The Nazis have killed priests helping Jews. They’ve pulled them right off the altar while they were saying Mass.” “We have heard that, too,” the priest said. “But we can’t stop loving our fellow man, Pino, because we’re frightened. If we lose love, all is lost. We just have to get smarter. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
63:For many hours on that hill that day there was little sound save that of spring birds and insects, and a warm breeze carried the scent of fields under plow. It all made Pino realize that the earth did not know war, that nature would go on no matter what horror one man might inflict on another. Nature didn’t care a bit about men and their need to kill and conquer. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
64:How do men think of such wickedness?” Anna asked as wax dripped down the candle and pooled about the holder. “Don’t they fear for their souls?” Pino thought about Rauff and the Black Shirts wearing the hoods. “I don’t think men like that care about their souls,” Pino said, finishing the veal. “It’s like they’ve already gone to evil, and going a little deeper won’t matter. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
65:The sheer brutality of it ate at him. He hated war. He hated the Germans for starting it. For what? Putting your boot on another man’s head and stealing him blind, until someone with a bigger boot comes along to kick you out of the way? As far as Pino was concerned, wars were about murder and thievery. One army killed to steal the hill; then another killed to steal it back. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
66:Pino saw the trials of the past few weeks in a different light, and he felt excited and filled with new purpose. “You want me to guide them, Father?” Pino asked. “The three Jews?” “Three of God’s children whom he loves,” Father Re said. “Will you help them?” “Of course. Yes.” The priest put his hand on Pino’s shoulder. “I want you to understand that you will be risking your life. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
67:The mental torture went on and on until, on one of those long beach walks where Anna still lived in his mind, Pino remembered her telling him that she didn’t believe much in the future, that she tried to live moment by moment, looking for reasons to be grateful, trying to create her own happiness and grace, and to use them as a means to a good life in the present and not a goal to be achieved some other day. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
68:It became a pattern over the course of the following weeks. Every few days, two, three, or sometimes four travelers would ring the bell at Casa Alpina. Pino would lead them out in the wee hours of the morning, climbing by what light the moon offered, and using the carbide miner’s lamp only during cloud cover and the dark of the moon. On these trips, after handing over his charges to Bergstrom, he went to the shepherd’s hut ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
69:Doing favors,” Leyers said. “They help wondrously over the course of a lifetime. When you have done men favors, when you look out for others so they can prosper, they owe you. With each favor, you become stronger, more supported. It is a law of nature.” “Yes?” Pino said. “Yes,” Leyers said. “You can never go wrong in this way, because there will be times when you will need a favor, and it will be right there waiting to come to the rescue. This practice has saved me more than once. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
70:Life is change, constant change, and unless we are lucky enough to find comedy in it, change is nearly always a drama, if not a tragedy. But after everything, and even when the skies turn scarlet and threatening, I still believe that if we are lucky enough to be alive, we must give thanks for the miracle of every moment of every day, no matter how flawed. And we must have faith in God, and in the Universe, and in a better tomorrow, even if that faith is not always deserved.” “Pino ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
71:Pino bowed uncertainly and started to back away, which seemed to amuse Cardinal Schuster all the more. He said, “I thought you were interested in the lights?” Pino stopped. “Yes?” “They’re my idea,” Schuster said. “The blackout begins tonight. Only the Duomo will be lit from now on. I pray that the bomber pilots will see it and be so awed by its beauty that they choose to spare it. This magnificent church took almost five hundred years to build. It would be a tragedy to see it gone in a night. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
72:His method of translating seems to have been unusual, but it explains a lot about the nature of his achievement. He had a way of mulling over what he was about to translate, which struck the Florentine publisher Pino Orioli as exceedingly casual: “He carried in his left hand the French volume he was translating, read a few lines of it, interrupted his reading in order to talk to me, and then took a notebook out of his pocket and wrote in English the few lines he had just read, leaning against a pine tree. ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
73:Life is change, constant change, and unless we are lucky enough to find comedy in it, change is nearly always a drama, if not a tragedy. But after everything, and even when the skies turn scarlet and threatening, I still believe that if we are lucky enough to be alive, we must give thanks for the miracle of every moment of every day, no matter how flawed. And we must have faith in God, and in the Universe, and in a better tomorrow, even if that faith is not always deserved.” “Pino Lella’s prescription for a long, happy life? ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
74:Humans are omnivores, which means we are adapted to eat plants, fungi, and animals. The nutrients in the plant foods we consume depend on the genetics of the individual species, the quality of the soil they are grown in, and the weather conditions during that time. For animal foods, nutrient levels are dependent on what the animals eat throughout their lives and are also affected by their stress and hormone levels. Any toxins or environmental pollutants that the animals and plants are subjected to have the power to impact human health as well. ~ Darya Pino Rose, #NFDB
75:After several moments of quiet, Pino said, “You know, my young friend, I will be ninety years old next year, and life is still a constant surprise to me. We never know what will happen next, what we will see, and what important person will come into our life, or what important person we will lose. Life is change, constant change, and unless we are lucky enough to find comedy in it, change is nearly always a drama, if not a tragedy. But after everything, and even when the skies turn scarlet and threatening, I still believe that if we are lucky enough to be alive, ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
76:Anna said. “I’m a student of happiness, you know. It’s all I really want—happiness, every day for the rest of my life. Sometimes happiness comes to us. But usually you have to seek it out. I read that somewhere.” “And that’s all you want? Happiness?” “What could be better?” “How do you find happiness?” Anna paused, then said, “You start by looking right around you for the blessings you have. When you find them, be grateful.” “Father Re says the same thing,” Pino said. “He says to give thanks for every day, no matter how flawed. And to have faith in God and a better tomorrow. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
77:Faith is a strange creature,” Schuster said. “Like a falcon that nests year after year in the same place, but then flies away, sometimes for years, only to return again, stronger than ever.” “I don’t know if it will ever return for me.” “It will. In time. Why don’t you come with me now? We’ll get you fed, and I’ll find a place for you to spend the night.” Pino thought about that, and then shook his head, saying, “I’ll come off the roof with you, My Lord Cardinal, but I think I’ll slip out after dark, go home to my family.” Schuster paused, and then said, “As you wish, my son. Bless you, and go with God. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
78:We never know what will happen next, what we will see, and what important person will come into our life, or what important person we will lose. Life is change, constant change, and unless we are lucky enough to find comedy in it, change is nearly always a drama, if not a tragedy. But after everything, and even when the skies turn scarlet and threatening, I still believe that if we are lucky enough to be alive, we must give thanks for the miracle of every moment of every day, no matter how flawed. And we must have faith in God, and in the Universe, and in a better tomorrow, even if that faith is not always deserved.” “Pino ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
79:to the Piazzale Loreto and machine-gunned them to death. I saw . . .” He broke down. “Tullio was one of them.” Uncle Albert and his father looked gut-shot. Aunt Greta said, “That’s not true! You must have seen someone else.” Pino, crying, said, “It was him. Tullio was so brave. Yelling at the men who were about to shoot him, calling them cowards . . . and . . . oh God, it was . . . horrible.” He went to his father and hugged him while Uncle Albert held Aunt Greta, who had turned hysterical. “I hate them,” she said. “My own people and I hate them.” When she’d calmed down, Uncle Albert said, “I have to go tell his mother.” “She ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
80:We never know what will happen next, what we will see, and what important person will come into our life, or what important person we will lose. Life is change, constant change, and unless we are lucky enough to find comedy in it, change is nearly always a drama, if not a tragedy. But after everything, and even when the skies turn scarlet and threatening, I still believe that if we are lucky enough to be alive, we must give thanks for the miracle of every moment of every day, no matter how flawed. And we must have faith in God, and in the Universe, and in a better tomorrow, even if that faith is not always deserved.” “Pino Lella’s prescription for a long, happy life?” I said. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
81:Ai flores, ai flores do verde pino, si sabedes novas do meu amigo? Ai, Deus, e u é? Ai flores, ai flores do verde ramo, si sabedes novas do meu amado? Ai, Deus, e u é? Si sabedes novas do meu amigo, aquel que mentiu do que pos conmigo? Ai, Deus, e u é? Si sabedes novas de meu amado, aquel que mentiu do que mi a jurado? Ai, Deus, e u é? —Veis me preguntades polo vosso amigo, e eu ben vos digo que é sano c vivo. Ai, Deus, e u é? Vos me preguntades polo vosso amado, e eu ben vos digo que é vivo e sano. Ai, Deus, e u é? E eu ben vos digo que é sano e vivo e será vosco ante o prazo saido. Ai, Deus, e u é? Textos recobrados (1931-1955) E eu ben vos digo que é vivo e sano e será vosco ante o prazo passado. Ai, Deus, e u é? ~ Anonymous, #NFDB
82:dance and love on the back side of war. Pain and grief sawed through Pino. This torment was his punishment, he decided. He bowed his head, understanding that this was between God and . . . The aria of the heartbroken clown echoed in his ears and Anna crumpled and fell again, and again, and . . . in a matter of seconds, his faith in God, in life, in love, and in a better tomorrow drained away to empty. Pino held on to a marble post and climbed up onto the balcony rail, a betrayer, abandoned and alone. He gazed at the puffy clouds scudding across the azure sky and decided that clouds and sky were good enough to look at while dying. “You saw all that I did, Lord,” Pino said, letting go of the post to take the worst step of all. ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
83:Desde el amanecer grupos de curiosos, impulsados por el rumor, se acercaron al montón de piedras que marcaban el lugar del asesinato de Madero y Pino Suárez en el exterior de la Penitenciaría para retratarse frente a él (...)
Probablemente ni ellos ni los asesinos sabían que Madero era de familia de ricos hacendados pero curaba a los peones de su hacienda con homeopatía;vestía frac en las recepciones oficiales, pero se mordía la punta de los dedos sobre los guantes blancos; que su máxima pasión como presidente eran las largas cabalgatas por el bosque de Chapultepec; que se comunicaba con los espíritus aunque no le contestaran y que casi todos los mexicanos, o al menos muchos de ellos, sabían que era más bueno que el pan. ~ Paco Ignacio Taibo II,#NFDB
84:Instruções para dar corda ao relógio
Lá no fundo está a morte, mas não tenha medo. Segure o relógio com uma mão, pegue com dois dedos o pino da corda, puxe-o suavemente. Agora abre-se outro prazo, as árvores soltam suas folhas, os barcos correm regata, o tempo como um leque vai-se enchendo de si mesmo e dele brotam o ar, as brisas da terra, a sombra de uma mulher, o perfume do pão.
Que mais quer, que mais quer? Amarre-o depressa ao seu pulso, deixe-o bater em liberdade, imite-o anelante. O medo enferruja as âncoras, cada coisa que pôde ser alcançada e foi esquecida começa a corroer as veias do relógio, gangrenando o frio sangue de seus pequenos rubis. E lá no fundo está a morte se não corremos, e chegamos antes e compreendemos que já não tem importância. ~ Julio Cort zar,#NFDB
85:said, “You know, my young friend, I will be ninety years old next year, and life is still a constant surprise to me. We never know what will happen next, what we will see, and what important person will come into our life, or what important person we will lose. Life is change, constant change, and unless we are lucky enough to find comedy in it, change is nearly always a drama, if not a tragedy. But after everything, and even when the skies turn scarlet and threatening, I still believe that if we are lucky enough to be alive, we must give thanks for the miracle of every moment of every day, no matter how flawed. And we must have faith in God, and in the Universe, and in a better tomorrow, even if that faith is not always deserved.” “Pino Lella’s prescription for a long, happy life? ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
86:A scangio. Se la storia era come persino quella cretina di so moglieri Angelica pensava, un’opera simile non avrebbe potuto avere nessuna scascione di successo. Qual era, in Sicilia, la proporzione delle cose che succedevano per scangio rispetto a quelle che invece accadevano senza scambio di persone o cose? Per restare a Vigàta, e limitatamente agli ultimi tre mesi, Artemìdoro Lisca era stato ammazzato per scangio al posto di Nirino Contrera una notte che non c’era luna; Turiddruzzu Morello s’era maritato a scangio con Filippa Mancuso che aveva sberginato nottetempo senza addunàrisi che non si trattava di so soro Lucia che invece era la predestinata; Pino Sciacchitano c’era morto perché so moglieri aveva scangiato il veleno per i sorci con il ricostituente che so marito pigliava dopo ogni mangiata. E nasceva magari il dubbio che tutto quello scangia scangia fosse un finto scangia scangia, che non c’era stato nessun errore, che lo scangiamento era stato solamente un alibi, addirittura un vezzo. E allora di che cosa poteva ridere per uno scangio più finto di quelli finti, gente che al contrario nello scangio quotidiano viveva? ~ Andrea Camilleri, #NFDB
87:Cos'è l'amore? Ognuno ha una risposta diversa a questa domanda. Questo demone ha tormentato un numero infinito di uomini valorosi e di donne virtuose e capaci.
Basandomi sulle storie d'amore del nonno, sugli amori tempestosi di mio padre e sul pallido deserto delle mie esperienze, ho desunto alcune costanti valide per le tre generazioni della mia famiglia. La prima fase, quella dell'amore ardente, è fatta di dolore lacerante, dal cuore trafitto gocciola un liquido simile alla resina di pino; il sangue versato per le pene d'amore sgorga dallo stomaco, attraversa gli intestini e viene espulso dal corpo sotto forma di feci nere come la pece. La seconda fase, quella dell'amore crudele, è la fase della critica impietosa; gli innamorati adorano scorticarsi vivi sul piano fisico, psicologico, spirituale e materiale; adorano strapparsi a vicenda le vene, i muscoli, gli organi e infine il cuore nero o rosso, e gettarlo in faccia all'altro, facendo sì che i due cuori si scontrino e vadano in pezzi. La terza fase, o dell'amore di ghiaccio, è caratterizzata da lunghi silenzi. La freddezza trasforma gli amanti in ghiaccioli. E' per questo che quelli che amano veramente hanno il viso bianco come brina e una temperatura corporea di venticinque gradi. Battono i denti senza riuscire a parlare, non perché non lo vogliano ma perché hanno disimparato, e agli altri danno l'impressione di esser muti. ~ Mo Yan,#NFDB
88:Did you know he was raised on a farm?” “No idea,” Tullio said, his eyes darting to Uncle Albert. Pino’s uncle hesitated before saying, “We believe you can keep a secret, yes?” Pino nodded. “Colonel Rauff wants Tullio brought in for questioning. If he’s caught, he’ll be taken to the Hotel Regina, tortured, and then sent to San Vittore Prison.” “With Barbareschi?” Pino said. “The forger?” Everyone else in the room looked at him, dumbfounded. “How do you know him?” Tullio demanded. Pino explained, and then said, “Rauff said he was in San Vittore.” For the first time, Tullio smiled. “He was until last night. Barbareschi escaped!” That boggled Pino’s mind. He remembered the seminarian as he was on the first day of the bombardment, and tried to imagine him becoming a forger and then escaping prison. San Vittore, for God’s sake! “That’s good news,” Pino said. “So you’re hiding here, Tullio? Is that smart?” “I move around,” Tullio said, lighting another cigarette. “Every night.” “Which makes things difficult for us,” Uncle Albert said. “Before Rauff took an interest in him, Tullio could move freely about the city, undertaking various tasks for the resistance. Now, he can’t. As I said earlier, there is something you might be able to do for us.” Pino felt excited. “Anything for the resistance.” “We have papers that must be delivered before curfew tonight,” Uncle Albert said. “We’ll give you an address. You carry the papers there, and turn them over. Can you do that?” “What are the papers?” “That’s not your concern,” his uncle ~ Mark T Sullivan, #NFDB
1 Poetry
1 Occultism
1 Christianity
1.67 - The External Soul in Folk-Custom, #The Golden Bough, #James George Frazer, #Occultism
Among the Dyaks of Pinoeh, a district of South-eastern Borneo, when
a child is born, a medicine-man is sent for, who conjures the soul
1.hcyc - Roll the Dharma thunder (from The Song of Enlightenment), #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction
English version by International Institute for the Translation of Buddhist Texts Original Language Chinese Roll the Dharma thunder, Beat the Dharma drum. Clouds of kindness gather. Sweet dew is dispersed; Dragons and elephants tread upon it, moistening everything. The Three Vehicles and five natures are all roused awake. The Himalaya Pinodhni grass is unalloyed indeed; Pure ghee produced from it I have often partaken of. The nature completely pervades all natures. The dharma everywhere contains all dharmas. One moon universally appears in all waters. The moons in all waters are by one moon gathered in. [bk1sm.gif] -- from Song of Enlightenment: By Great Master Yung Chia of the T'ang Dynasty, Edited by Tripitaka Master Hua / Translated by International Institute for the Translation of Buddhist Texts <
Book of Genesis, #The Bible, #Anonymous, #Various
36 And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. 37 And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead. 38 And Saul died, and Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead. 39 And Baalhanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. 40 And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, 41 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon, 42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 43 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he [is] Esau the father of the Edomites.
CHAPTER 37
Book of Imaginary Beings (text), #unset, #Arthur C Clarke, #Fiction
Cclope a quien el Pino ms valiente
Bastn le obedeca tan ligero,
--- Grep of noun pino
filipino
pinochle
pinocle
pinocytosis
pinole
pinon
pinon nut
pinon pine
pinophytina
pinopsida
pinot
pinot blanc
pinot chardonnay
pinot grape
pinot noir
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Wikipedia - Category:Filipino psychologists
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Wikipedia - Crematogaster brevispinosa -- Species of ant
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Wikipedia - Emerson Obiena -- Filipino pole vaulter and coach
Wikipedia - Emiliana Kampilan -- Filipino writer and comic book creator
Wikipedia - Emilio Jacinto -- Filipino revolutionary
Wikipedia - Emma Alegre -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Emma Henry -- Filipino police officer
Wikipedia - Emman Nimedez -- Filipino Youtuber
Wikipedia - Emmanuel Caparas -- Filipino lawyer
Wikipedia - Emmanuelle Vera -- Filipino actor-singer
Wikipedia - Emmanuel Pelaez -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Emmarie Ouano-Dizon -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Emma Tiglao -- Filipino model
Wikipedia - Emmylou TaliM-CM-1o-Mendoza -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Empoy Marquez -- Filipino actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Enrico Cuenca -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Enrico Echiverri -- Filipino lawyer and a politician
Wikipedia - Enrico Sevillano -- Filipino chess Grandmaster
Wikipedia - Enrique Gil -- Filipino actor, model, and dancer
Wikipedia - Enzo Pineda -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Eotapinoma -- Genus of ants
Wikipedia - Epinoia
Wikipedia - Epinomis
Wikipedia - Epinotia abbreviana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia brunnichana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia cedricida -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia cruciana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia festivana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia mercuriana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia nanana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia nigristriana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia pusillana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia pygmaeana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia rubiginosana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia signatana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia tenerana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia tetraquetrana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia thapsiana -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinotia trigonella -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Epinoy
Wikipedia - Epy Quizon -- Filipino actor, tv and host
Wikipedia - Eraserheads -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - E. R. Cruz -- Filipino comics artist
Wikipedia - E.R. Ejercito -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Eric Ang -- Filipino sport shooter
Wikipedia - Eric dela Cruz -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Eric Fructuoso -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Erick CaM-CM-1osa -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Eric Quizon -- Filipino actor, director, producer, writer, and comedian
Wikipedia - Eric Yap -- Filipino politician (born 1979)
Wikipedia - Erika Padilla -- Filipino actress, TV host, model and sideline reporter
Wikipedia - Erik Santos -- Filipino singer and commercial model
Wikipedia - Erlinda Cortes -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Ermes Espinosa Veloz -- Cuban chess grandmaster
Wikipedia - Ernesto Beren -- Filipino gymnast
Wikipedia - Ernest Obiena -- Filipino pole vaulter
Wikipedia - Ernesto Espinola -- Paraguayan chess player
Wikipedia - Ernesto Lariosa -- Filipino Cebuano poet and writer (1944-2019)
Wikipedia - Ernie Baron -- Filipino broadcaster
Wikipedia - Eryngium spinosepalum -- Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae
Wikipedia - Esmael Mangudadatu -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Esperanza Cabral -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Espino, AM-CM-1asco, Puerto Rico -- Barrio of Puerto Rico
Wikipedia - Espino, Lares, Puerto Rico -- Barrio of Puerto Rico
Wikipedia - Espino, Las Marias, Puerto Rico -- Barrio of Puerto Rico
Wikipedia - Espinola -- Surname list
Wikipedia - Espinosa, Dorado, Puerto Rico -- Barrio of Puerto Rico
Wikipedia - Espino, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico -- Barrio of Puerto Rico
Wikipedia - Espinosa, Vega Alta, Puerto Rico -- Barrio of Puerto Rico
Wikipedia - Esteban Contreras -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Etang Discher -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Ethel Booba -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Ethel Soliven Timbol -- Filipino journalist
Wikipedia - Ethics (Spinoza book)
Wikipedia - Ethics (Spinoza)
Wikipedia - Eufemia Cullamat -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Eugene Acevedo -- Filipino business executive
Wikipedia - Eugene Cordero -- Filipino-American actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Eugene Domingo -- Filipino actress and comedian
Wikipedia - Eugenia Apostol -- Filipino publisher
Wikipedia - Eugenia Del Pino -- Ecuadorian biologist
Wikipedia - Eugenio Jose Lacson -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Eunice Lagusad -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Eunoe spinosa -- Species of annelid
Wikipedia - Eurasia (musical group) -- Filipino girl group band
Wikipedia - Eutrichota spinosissima -- Species of insect
Wikipedia - Eva Castillo -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Eva Darren -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Eva Marie Ditan -- Filipino taekwondo practitioner
Wikipedia - Evangeline Pascual -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Evelyn Magluyan -- Filipino gymnast
Wikipedia - Ex Battalion -- Filipino Hip Hop group
Wikipedia - Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza
Wikipedia - Eyedress -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Facundo Espinosa -- Argentine actor and musician
Wikipedia - FAMAS Award -- Annual Filipino movie award
Wikipedia - Family History (2019 film) -- Filipino drama film
Wikipedia - Fatima Baquiran -- Filipino painter
Wikipedia - Fatmawati Salapuddin -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Fausto Preysler -- Filipino sailor
Wikipedia - Federico Caballero -- Filipino epic chanter
Wikipedia - Feliciano Juntareal -- Filipino sailor
Wikipedia - Feliciano Luces: Alyas Kumander Toothpick, Mindanao -- 1987 Filipino film starring Ramon Revilla
Wikipedia - Felimon Santos Jr. -- Filipino army general (born 1964)
Wikipedia - Felino Dolloso -- Filipino-Australian actor
Wikipedia - Felix Cortes -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Felix Manalo -- Filipino Christian minister
Wikipedia - Felix Roco -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Ferdinando Spinola -- Doge of the Republic of Genoa
Wikipedia - Ferdinand Tubban -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Ferjenel Biron -- Filipino politician and physician
Wikipedia - Fernando Canon -- Filipino revolutionary general, inventor
Wikipedia - Fernando Carcupino -- Italian artist
Wikipedia - Fernando Espino Arevalo -- Mexican politician
Wikipedia - Fernando Espinoza (politician) -- Argentine politician
Wikipedia - Fernando Garcia (sportsperson) -- Filipino sportsperson
Wikipedia - Fernando Poe Jr. -- Filipino actor, director and politician
Wikipedia - Fernando Poe Sr. -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Fernando Suarez -- Filipino Catholic priest
Wikipedia - Fidel de Castro -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Fierz identity -- Rewrites bilinears of the product of 2 spinors as a linear combination of products of the bilinears of the spinors
Wikipedia - Fig (band) -- Filipino rock-alternative band
Wikipedia - Filemon Sotto -- Filipino Visayan Senator, Congressman, and Constitutional Convention delegate from Cebu, Philippines
Wikipedia - Filipinas dentro de cien aM-CM-1os -- Filipino nationalist essay
Wikipedia - Filipino Americans -- Americans of Filipino descent
Wikipedia - Filipino cuisine
Wikipedia - Filipino culture
Wikipedia - Filipino language -- National and official language of the Philippines
Wikipedia - Filipinology
Wikipedia - Filipino martial arts
Wikipedia - Filipino middle names -- History, popularity, and usage of middle names in the Philippines
Wikipedia - Filipino name -- Naming customs in the Philippines
Wikipedia - Filipino people
Wikipedia - Filipino psychology
Wikipedia - Filipino Sign Language
Wikipedia - Filipinos of Malay descent -- Ethnic group
Wikipedia - Filipino spaghetti -- Filipino adaptation of spaghetti bolognese
Wikipedia - Filipinos (snack food) -- Philippine brand name for biscuit snacks
Wikipedia - Filipinos -- People native to or citizens of the islands of the Philippines
Wikipedia - Filipino TV -- Canadian exempt Category B Tagalog language specialty channel
Wikipedia - Filipino values
Wikipedia - Filipino women writers -- History of Filipino women writers
Wikipedia - Filippino Lippi -- Italian painter (1457-1504)
Wikipedia - Firefly (band) -- Filipino/English Indie rock band
Wikipedia - Flip Jackson -- Fictional character from Doctor Who spinoff
Wikipedia - Florencio Abad -- Filipino lawyer and politician
Wikipedia - Florencio Urot -- Filipino politician and lawyer
Wikipedia - Florentino Ballecer -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Florentino Solon -- Filipino nutritionist and politician
Wikipedia - Florentino Suico -- Filipino Visayan historical fiction novelist, writer, poet, and editor
Wikipedia - Florentino Tecson -- Filipino Visayan labor leader, former Cebu City Vice Mayor from 1954-1955, and journalist
Wikipedia - Floro Dery -- Filipino illustrator
Wikipedia - Floro PDW -- Filipino personal defense weapon
Wikipedia - Fortunato dela PeM-CM-1a -- Filipino engineer and government official
Wikipedia - Fortunato Payao -- Filipino gymnast
Wikipedia - Francesca Taruc -- Filipino television personality
Wikipedia - Frances Makil-Ignacio -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Franchesca Salcedo -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Francine Diaz -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Francine Prieto -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - Francisca del Espiritu Santo Fuentes -- Filipino religious figure
Wikipedia - Francisco Balagtas -- Filipino writer and poet
Wikipedia - Francisco Duque III -- Filipino government official
Wikipedia - Francisco Emmanuel Ortega III -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Francisco Gonzales -- Filipino sailor
Wikipedia - Francisco Jose Matugas II -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Francisco Matugas -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Francisco Naranjilla -- Filipino archer
Wikipedia - Francisco Remotigue -- Filipino Visayan lawyer and politician
Wikipedia - Francisco Tatad -- Filipino journalist and politician
Wikipedia - Francis Escudero -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Francis Gerald Abaya -- Filipino architect and politician
Wikipedia - Francis Magalona -- Filipino rapper
Wikipedia - Francis Magundayao -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Francis Reyes -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Francis Tolentino -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Francis Vicente -- Filipino volleyball coach
Wikipedia - Franco (band) -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Franco Hernandez -- Filipino television personality and dancer
Wikipedia - Frank G. Rivera -- Filipino writer
Wikipedia - Franklin Drilon -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Frank Magalona -- Filipino actor and rapper
Wikipedia - Franzen Fajardo -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Fred Cortes -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Freddie Quizon -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Freddie Santos -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Fredenil Castro -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Fred Panopio -- Filipino singer and actor
Wikipedia - Fred Payawan -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Freestyle (Filipino band) -- Filipino pop and R&B band
Wikipedia - Frencheska Farr -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Froilan Calayag -- Filipino visual artist in painting
Wikipedia - Fructuoso Cabahug -- Filipino Visayan lawyer and politician from Mandaue, Cebu, Philippines
Wikipedia - Gabbi Garcia -- Filipino actress and recording artist.
Wikipedia - Gabby Concepcion -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Gabby Eigenmann -- Filipino actor, singer, model and television presenter
Wikipedia - Gabi Na, Kumander -- 1986 Filipino film
Wikipedia - Gabriel de Leon -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Gabriel Hall -- Filipino American convicted murdered on death row
Wikipedia - Gabrielle Calizo-Quimpo -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Gabrielle Gutierrez -- Filipino-American stage actress
Wikipedia - Gabriel Valenciano -- Filipino actor-singer
Wikipedia - Gardo Versoza -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Gary Estrada -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Gary Valenciano -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Gasteracantha quadrispinosa -- Species of arachnid
Wikipedia - Gawad Urian for Best Film -- Filipino award for film of the year
Wikipedia - Gawa Na ang Bala Na Papatay sa Iyo -- 1988 Filipino film starring Fernando Poe Jr.
Wikipedia - Gazini Ganados -- Filipino fashion model, beauty queen and Miss Universe Philippines 2019
Wikipedia - Gee-Ann Abrahan -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Gelli de Belen -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Gemma Cruz-Araneta -- Filipino politician, writer, director, and beauty queen
Wikipedia - Gem Ramos -- Filipino actress, dancer and singer
Wikipedia - Genaro Saavedra -- Filipino track and field athlete
Wikipedia - General Luna (band) -- Filipino girl rock band
Wikipedia - Geneva Cruz -- Filipino actress and singer
Wikipedia - Gene Viernes -- murdered Filipino American labor activist
Wikipedia - Geoff Eigenmann -- Filipino actor, model and television presenter
Wikipedia - Geoff Taylor (singer) -- Filipino singer-model
Wikipedia - George Earnshaw (sport shooter) -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - George Estregan -- Filipino film actor
Wikipedia - Geppetto -- Carpenter of Pinocchio
Wikipedia - Gerald Anderson -- Filipino actor and shampoo model collector
Wikipedia - Geraldine Ecleo-Villaroman -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Geraldine Roman -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Gerald Santos -- Filipino singer and actor
Wikipedia - Gerardo de Leon -- Filipino movie director
Wikipedia - Gerard Salonga -- Filipino conductor
Wikipedia - Gerard Timoner III -- Filipino Dominican Priest, 88th Master of the Order of Preachers
Wikipedia - German Moreno -- Filipino television host, actor, comedian, and talent manager
Wikipedia - Geronimo Cristobal, Jr. -- Filipino writer and painter
Wikipedia - Geylord Coveta -- Filipino sailor
Wikipedia - Ghazali Jaafar -- Filipino militant and government official
Wikipedia - Gian Magdangal -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Gilbert Espinosa Chavez -- Auxiliary bishop of San Diego
Wikipedia - Gil Cuerva -- Filipino-Spanish actor and international model
Wikipedia - Gilda Cordero-Fernando -- Filipino writer
Wikipedia - Gil de Leon -- Filipino film actor
Wikipedia - Gimme 5 (group) -- Filipino boy-band
Wikipedia - Gina PareM-CM-1o -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Ginataang hipon -- Filipino seafood soup that does not use vegetables
Wikipedia - Gio Alvarez -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Giovanni Bacordo -- Filipino Admiral
Wikipedia - Giovanni Spinola -- Italian rowing cox
Wikipedia - Gladys Guevarra -- Filipino actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Gladys Reyes -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Glaiza de Castro -- Filipino actress and singer
Wikipedia - Glenn Bordonada -- Filipino chess player
Wikipedia - Glenn Chong -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Glicerio Badilles -- Filipino chess player
Wikipedia - Gloc-9 -- Filipino rapper
Wikipedia - Gloria Diaz -- Filipino actress and model
Wikipedia - Gloria Romero (actress) -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Glydel Mercado -- Filipino actress (born 1975)
Wikipedia - GMA Pinoy TV -- Filipino Television Channel
Wikipedia - Go for Gold Philippines -- Filipino cycling team
Wikipedia - Golden CaM-CM-1edo -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Gosh Dilay -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Governor of Bataan -- List of governors of Filipino province
Wikipedia - Governor of Isabela -- List of governors of Filipino province
Wikipedia - Governor of Misamis Oriental -- List of governors of Filipino province
Wikipedia - Grace Christian College -- Filipino Born Again Christina high school
Wikipedia - Graciano Lopez Jaena -- Filipino journalist, orator, and reformist
Wikipedia - Graciano Nepomuceno -- Filipino sculptor
Wikipedia - Grae Fernandez -- Filipino film and television teen actor, host and recording artist
Wikipedia - Great scapular notch -- A notch which serves to connect the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa
Wikipedia - Gregorio Colonia -- Filipino weightlifter
Wikipedia - Gregorio Coppino -- 1xth-century Roman Catholic bishop
Wikipedia - Gregorio Fernandez -- Filipino actor and director
Wikipedia - Gregorio Honasan -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Gretchen Barretto -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Gretchen Espina -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Gretchen Malalad -- Filipino karateka
Wikipedia - Grevillea spinosa -- Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia
Wikipedia - Grevillea spinosissima -- Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia
Wikipedia - Greyhoundz -- Filipino nu metal/rap metal band
Wikipedia - G. Toengi -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Guillermo Eleazar -- Filipino Police Officer
Wikipedia - Guji Lorenzana -- Filipino alternative rock, pop rock singer, actor, and theater actor
Wikipedia - Gwendoline Ruais -- Filipino beauty pageant winner
Wikipedia - Gwendolyn Garcia -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Hagibis (band) -- Filipino band
Wikipedia - Hajji Alejandro -- Filipino singer and actor
Wikipedia - Hale (band) -- Filipino alternative rock band
Wikipedia - Half Life Half Death -- Filipino alternative rock band
Wikipedia - Halieutichthys bispinosus -- Species of fish
Wikipedia - Halina Perez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Hallypop (Philippine TV channel) -- Filipino television network
Wikipedia - Hamonado -- Filipino Christmas dish
Wikipedia - Hamunin ang Bukas... -- 1988 Filipino film starring Cherie Gil
Wikipedia - Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo -- 1986 song
Wikipedia - Hannah Espia -- Filipino director
Wikipedia - Harry Angping -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Harvey Bautista -- Filipino child actor
Wikipedia - Harvey Tolibao -- Filipino comic book artist
Wikipedia - Hastang -- Filipino modern rock band
Wikipedia - Hayden Kho -- Filipino doctor, businessman, actor and model
Wikipedia - Heart of Asia (TV channel) -- Filipino television network
Wikipedia - Heherson Alvarez -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Helen Vela -- Filipino actress, broadcaster and producer
Wikipedia - Hello, Love, Goodbye -- Filipino romantic drama film
Wikipedia - Henedina Abad -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Henry Sy -- Filipino business magnate
Wikipedia - Henry Villarica -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Herbert Bautista -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Hermano Pule -- 19th-century Filipino religious leader
Wikipedia - Hermes Bautista -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Herminio Bautista -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Hermogenes Ebdane -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Hermogenes Esperon -- Filipino government official and former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Wikipedia - Hernando Castelo -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Hernando R. Ocampo -- Filipino artist
Wikipedia - Hernan Espinosa -- Spanish equestrian
Wikipedia - Hero Angeles -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Hidilyn Diaz -- Filipino weightlifter and airwoman
Wikipedia - Hilario Abellana -- Filipino Visayan politician, legislator, and war-time governor of Cebu, Philippines
Wikipedia - Hilario Davide Jr. -- Filipino lawyer and COMELEC Chairman
Wikipedia - Hilda Koronel -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Hilera -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Himala -- 1982 Filipino film about Marian apparitions
Wikipedia - Hiram na Mukha (film) -- 1992 Filipino film directed by Joel Lamangan
Wikipedia - Hiro Peralta -- Half-Filipino quarter-German quarter-Portuguese actor
Wikipedia - History of Filipino Americans -- Overview of the history of Filipino Americans
Wikipedia - Hiveswap -- 2017 video game spinoff of Homestuck
Wikipedia - Hiyasmin Neri -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Horacio Miranda -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Hotdog (band) -- Filipino band
Wikipedia - Hua Siong College of Iloilo -- Filipino private school and college
Wikipedia - Hubert Webb -- Former Filipino convict
Wikipedia - Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod -- Filipino political party based in Davao City
Wikipedia - Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile -- Crimes against humanity from 1973 to 1990
Wikipedia - Humba -- Filipino braised pork dish
Wikipedia - Humerlito Dolor -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Hungry Young Poets -- Filipino band
Wikipedia - Ian Batherson -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Ian Galliguez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Ian Veneracion -- Filipino actor, athlete, pilot, and singer
Wikipedia - Ice Seguerra -- Filipino actor singer and Chairman of the National Youth Commission
Wikipedia - IC Mendoza -- Filipino actor, model, and television personality
Wikipedia - Ida Lupino
Wikipedia - Ignacio Bunye -- Filipino public official
Wikipedia - Ignacio Villamor -- Filipino Associate Justice of Supreme Court and the First Filipino President of the University of the Philippines
Wikipedia - Ike Lozada -- Filipino comedian, actor and TV host
Wikipedia - Ilaria Pino -- Italian softball player
Wikipedia - I Love You 3x a Day -- 1988 Filipino film starring Herbert Bautista
Wikipedia - Ilya Espino de Marotta -- Engineer
Wikipedia - Imago (band) -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - IM-CM-1igo Pascual -- Filipino singer, songwriter, and actor
Wikipedia - Imee Marcos -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Imelda Aguilar -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Imelda Dimaporo -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Imelda Papin -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Imelda Schweighart -- German-Filipino model, singer-songwriter, composer, actress beauty queen
Wikipedia - Ina Feleo -- Filipino actress, figure skater, dancer, and writer
Wikipedia - Inang Laya -- Filipino protest music duo
Wikipedia - Ina Raymundo -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Inday Badiday -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Ingrid dela Paz -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Introvoys -- Filipino pop rock band
Wikipedia - Ireneo A. Amantillo -- Filipino Roman Catholic bishop
Wikipedia - Ireneo Legaspi -- Filipino golfer
Wikipedia - Irma Adlawan -- Filipino stage, film, and television actress
Wikipedia - Irritator -- Spinosaurid theropod dinosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous Period
Wikipedia - Isabel Blaesi -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Isabel LarraM-CM-1aga Ramirez -- Filipino nun
Wikipedia - Isabelle de Leon -- Filipino actress, singer-songwriter and beauty queen
Wikipedia - Isabelo de los Reyes -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Isabel Oli -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - Isagani Amatong -- Filipino politician from the province of Zamboanga del Norte.
Wikipedia - Isagani Cruz -- Filipino judge, lawyer
Wikipedia - Isa Pa with Feelings -- Filipino romantic-comedy film by Prime Cruz
Wikipedia - Isaura Espinoza -- Mexican actress
Wikipedia - Ishmael Bernal -- Filipino director
Wikipedia - Isidro de Espinosa -- Spanish missionary
Wikipedia - Isidro Kintanar -- Filipino Visayan lawyer, mayor, and congressman from Cebu, Philippines
Wikipedia - Ismael Moreno Pino -- Mexican diplomat
Wikipedia - ISRO spinoff technologies -- Overview about the spinoff technologies by Indian Space Research Organisation
Wikipedia - Isusumbong Kita sa Tatay Ko... -- 1999 Filipino film directed by Boots Plata
Wikipedia - Italian frigate Alpino (F 594) -- FREMM class multi-purpose frigates in the Italian Navy
Wikipedia - Itchyworms -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Ivan Dorschner -- Filipino American actor, television host and model
Wikipedia - Ivan Espinosa de los Monteros -- Spanish politician
Wikipedia - IV of Spades -- Filipino pop funk band
Wikipedia - Iyo ang Tondo, Kanya ang Cavite -- 1986 Filipino film directed by Pablo Santiago
Wikipedia - Iza Calzado -- Filipino actress, television host, dancer, and model
Wikipedia - Izzy Canillo -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jace Flores -- Filipino actor and TV Host
Wikipedia - Jackie Lou Blanco -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jackie Rice -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - Jaclyn Jose -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jacob Batalon -- Filipino-American actor
Wikipedia - Jacob Benedicto -- Filipino singer and actor
Wikipedia - Jacob Rica -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jacopino da Tradate -- Italian Gothic sculptor
Wikipedia - Jade Lopez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jaime de la Rosa -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jaime Fabregas -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jaime Fresnedi -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jaime Recio -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Jaime Villafuerte -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Jairus Aquino -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jake Roxas -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jake Vargas -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jake Zyrus -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Jak Roberto -- Filipino actor, model and singer
Wikipedia - James Blanco -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - James Deakin (host) -- Filipino-British television presenter and columnist
Wikipedia - James delos Santos -- Filipino karateka
Wikipedia - James Reid (actor) -- Filipino-Australian actor and singer
Wikipedia - James Reuter -- 20th and 21st-century American-Filipino Jesuit priest
Wikipedia - James Teng -- Filipino teen actor and model
Wikipedia - James Wright (singer) -- Filipino-Australian singer
Wikipedia - Jamie Herrell -- Filipino-American actress, news anchor and beauty queen
Wikipedia - Jamir Garcia -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Jana Roxas -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Janella Salvador -- Filipino actress and singer
Wikipedia - Janelle Quintana -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jane Oineza -- Filipino actress, commercial model and singer
Wikipedia - Janet Abuel -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Janet Basco -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Janette Garin -- Filipino politician and physician
Wikipedia - Janice de Belen -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - Jan Manual -- Filipino actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Jan Marini -- Filipino actress and singer
Wikipedia - Janna Dominguez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jan Nieto -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Janno Gibbs -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - January Isaac -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Janus del Prado -- Filipino actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Jao Mapa -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Japoy Lizardo -- Filipino taekwondo practitioner
Wikipedia - Jasmin Figueroa -- Filipino archer
Wikipedia - Jasmin Strachan -- Filipino taekwondo practitioner
Wikipedia - Jason Francisco -- Filipino actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Jason Gainza -- Filipino actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Jasper Shia Que -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Javier Abril Espinoza -- Honduran writer based in Switzerland
Wikipedia - Javier Espinoza -- Peruvian politician
Wikipedia - Javier Hernan Pino -- Argentinian serial killer
Wikipedia - Jayann Bautista -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Jay Arcilla -- Filipino actor and internet celebrity
Wikipedia - Jaya (singer) -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Jaybee Sebastian -- Filipino criminal
Wikipedia - Jay Ilagan -- Filipino actor (1955-1992)
Wikipedia - Jay Manalo -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jaymee Joaquin -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jaypee de Guzman -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jay-R Siaboc -- Filipino actor and ainger
Wikipedia - Jay R -- Filipino American singer-songwriter, actor, record producer and model
Wikipedia - Jay Taruc -- Filipino journalist
Wikipedia - Jayvee Uy -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - JB Magsaysay -- Filipino actor-politician
Wikipedia - JC de Vera -- Filipino actor, host and model
Wikipedia - JC Santos -- Filipino theater and television actor (born 1988)
Wikipedia - Jean Garcia -- Filipino television and film actress
Wikipedia - Jed Madela -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Jed Montero -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jeffrey Jeturian -- Filipino director
Wikipedia - Jef Gaitan -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jelo Acosta -- Filipino rapper, singer & actor
Wikipedia - Jenn Cuneta -- Filipino singer, actress, and model
Wikipedia - Jennica Garcia -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jennifer Dy Chan -- Filipino archer
Wikipedia - Jenny Miller -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jensen and The Flips -- Filipino indie band
Wikipedia - Jensen Gomez -- Filipino singer and musician (b. 1991)
Wikipedia - Jensenia spinosa -- Species of plant
Wikipedia - Jerald Napoles -- Filipino theater actor and a comedian
Wikipedia - Jeric Gonzales -- Filipino actor and reality show winner
Wikipedia - Jericho Petilla -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jericho Rosales -- Filipino actor, musician and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Jerome Carcopino -- French classical scholar
Wikipedia - Jerome Ponce -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - Jerrold Mangliwan -- Filipino wheelchair racer
Wikipedia - Jerry Dalipog -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jerry Dino -- Filipino judoka
Wikipedia - Jess Lapid Jr. -- Filipino director and actor
Wikipedia - Jess Lapid Sr. -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jestoni Alarcon -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Jesus Crispin Remulla -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jesus del Pino -- Spanish bicycle racer
Wikipedia - Jesus Dosado -- Philippino Catholic bishop
Wikipedia - Jesus Estanislao -- Filipino economist
Wikipedia - Jesus Villareal -- Filipino sailor
Wikipedia - Jethro Dionisio -- Filipino sport shooter
Wikipedia - Jett Pangan -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Jewel Mische -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Jhett Tolentino -- Filipino entertainment producer
Wikipedia - Jhong Hilario -- Filipino actor, dancer and politician
Wikipedia - Jigger Cruz -- Filipino painter
Wikipedia - Jiggly Caliente -- Filipino-American drag performer, singer, model, actress, and transgender activist
Wikipedia - Jillian Ward -- Filipino child actress
Wikipedia - Jimboy Martin -- Filipino television personality
Wikipedia - Jimmy Bondoc -- Filipino pop singer
Wikipedia - Jim Paredes -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Jing Abalos -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jinggoy Estrada -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jiro Manio -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - JM de Guzman -- Filipino actor, mixed martial artist, model and singer
Wikipedia - Joan Alarilla -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Joanne Quintas -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Joaquin Luna -- Filipino revolutionary and politician
Wikipedia - Jocelyn Bolante -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jocelyn Oxlade -- Filipino-British singer, model and make up artist
Wikipedia - Joe Cantada -- Filipino TV host
Wikipedia - Joel Lamangan -- Filipino film and television director
Wikipedia - Joel Torre -- Filipino actor and producer
Wikipedia - Joel Villanueva -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Joem Bascon -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Joey de Leon -- Filipino actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Joey Marquez -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Joey Paras -- Filipino actor and musician
Wikipedia - Joey Santiago -- Filipino-American guitarist and composer
Wikipedia - Johann Chua -- Filipino pool player
Wikipedia - Johan Santos -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - John Apacible -- Filipino television and movie actor
Wikipedia - John Arcilla -- Filipino movie actor
Wikipedia - John Baylon -- Filipino judoka
Wikipedia - John Chicano -- Filipino triathlete
Wikipedia - John Estrada -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - John Feir -- Filipino comedian and actor
Wikipedia - John Gokongwei -- Filipino businessman
Wikipedia - John Gray (boxer) -- Filipino boxer, born 1906
Wikipedia - John James Uy -- Filipino model-actor
Wikipedia - John Lapus -- Filipino actor, host and comedian
Wikipedia - John Lloyd Cruz -- Filipino actor, model, and TV host
Wikipedia - John Manalo -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - John Medina (actor) -- Filipino character actor
Wikipedia - Johnny Delgado -- Filipino actor, writer and comedian
Wikipedia - Johnny Manahan -- Filipino film and television director
Wikipedia - John Philip Bughaw -- Filipino child dancer and actor
Wikipedia - John Prats -- Filipino actor, director, dancer and comedian
Wikipedia - John Regala -- Filipino actor, christian minister and environmentalist
Wikipedia - John Wayne Sace -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Join the Club (band) -- Filipino alternative rock band
Wikipedia - Jojo Acuin -- Filipino psychic
Wikipedia - Jojo Alejar -- Filipino TV host and actor-comedian
Wikipedia - Joker Arroyo (equestrian) -- Filipino equestrian
Wikipedia - Joker Arroyo -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Joko Diaz -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jolina Magdangal discography -- Discography of Filipino singer-actress
Wikipedia - Jolina Magdangal -- Filipino actress and television presenter
Wikipedia - Jollibee Foods Corporation -- Filipino restaurant company
Wikipedia - Jolo Revilla -- Filipino actor-politician
Wikipedia - Jomari Yllana -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jomar Malangkit Maturan -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jonas Cortes -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jon Avila -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jon Hernandez -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jon Jaylo -- Filipino surrealist painter
Wikipedia - Jon Jon Briones -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jon Lucas (actor) -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jon Timmons -- Filipino American actor, model and television personality
Wikipedia - Jonvic Remulla -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Joonee Gamboa -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jopay -- Filipino actor, singer and dancer
Wikipedia - Jordan Espinosa -- American mixed martial artist
Wikipedia - Joross Gamboa -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jose Agdamag -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Jose Agripino Barnet -- Cuban politician and diplomat
Wikipedia - Jose Altavas -- Filipino politician and legislator
Wikipedia - Jose Alvarez (politician) -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jose Angelo Gellada -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Jose Antonio Vargas -- Filipino-American journalist, immigration activist
Wikipedia - Jose B. Lingad -- Filipino politician and activist (1914-1980)
Wikipedia - Jose Briones -- Filipino Visayan lawyer and politician
Wikipedia - Jose Calingasan -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jose de Villa -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jose Diokno -- Filipino politician (1922-1987)
Wikipedia - Jose Fabian Cadiz -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Josefa Llanes Escoda -- Filipino Heroine, Filipino suffragist
Wikipedia - Josef Elizalde -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Josefina Lopez Espinosa -- Mexican politician
Wikipedia - Jose Isidro Camacho -- Filipino banker
Wikipedia - Jose Leyson -- Filipino Visayan lawyer, politician, and World War II Cebu governor
Wikipedia - Jose Manalo -- Filipino comedian
Wikipedia - Jose Manuel Romualdez -- Filipino journalist, business executive and diplomat
Wikipedia - Jose Maria Panganiban -- Filipino writer
Wikipedia - Jose Mari Velez -- Filipino television newscaster
Wikipedia - Jose Medina (sport shooter) -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Jose Melo -- Filipino judge
Wikipedia - Jose Padilla Jr. -- Filipino boxer and movie actor
Wikipedia - Jose Padilla Sr. -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Josepha Abiertas -- Filipino lawyer and feminist
Wikipedia - Joseph Bitangcol -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Joseph Cua -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Josephine C. Reyes -- Filipino educator
Wikipedia - Joseph Marco -- Filipino actor and commercial model
Wikipedia - Joseph Mercado -- Filipino academic
Wikipedia - Joseph Stephen Paduano -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jose P. Laurel -- Filipino politician and judge
Wikipedia - Jose Rene Almendras -- Filipino businessman and public servant
Wikipedia - Jose Riano -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jose Rizal -- Filipino writer and nationalist
Wikipedia - Jose Vergara (actor) -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jose Vitug -- Filipino judge, lawyer
Wikipedia - Jose V. Rodriguez -- Filipino medical doctor, politician
Wikipedia - Jose Yao Campos -- Crony of Filipino dictator Ferdinand Marcos
Wikipedia - Josh Santana -- Filipino actor-singer
Wikipedia - Joshua Dionisio -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Joshua Garcia -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Joshua Jennifer Espinoza -- American poet from Riverside, California
Wikipedia - Jovit Baldivino -- Filipino singer (born 1993)
Wikipedia - Joy Augustus Young -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Joy Belmonte -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Joy Bisco -- Filipino American actress
Wikipedia - Joyce Bernal -- Filipino film and television director
Wikipedia - Joyce Jimenez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Joyce Pring -- Filipino television personality and host
Wikipedia - Joyo Velarde -- Filipino hip hop and soul singer
Wikipedia - Joy Viado -- Filipino character actress, singer, and comedian
Wikipedia - JR Valentin -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Juan Abad -- Filipino printer turned playwright and journalist
Wikipedia - Juan Alcazaren -- Filipino Visayan lawyer and Congressman of Cebu 4th District from 1925-1936
Wikipedia - Juan Carlo Calma -- Filipino visual artist and architect
Wikipedia - Juan de la Cruz Band -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Juan de Salazar de Espinosa -- Spanish explorer
Wikipedia - Juan Flavier -- Filipino physician and politician
Wikipedia - Juan Karlos Labajo -- Filipino actor, singer, songwriter, guitarist, and television personality
Wikipedia - Juan Karlos -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Juan Pablo Espinosa -- Colombian actor
Wikipedia - Juan Paolo Aquino -- Filipino TV director and photographer
Wikipedia - Juan Rodrigo -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Juan Villareal -- Filipino sailor
Wikipedia - Jude Gitamondoc -- Award-winning Filipino songwriter
Wikipedia - Judy Ann Santos -- Filipino film and television actress, reality television host, recording artist, film producer,chef and author
Wikipedia - Jules Alpe -- Filipino figure skater
Wikipedia - Julia Barretto -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Julia Clarete -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Julia Montes -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Julian Trono -- Filipino actor and dancer
Wikipedia - Julie Anne San Jose -- Filipino singer and actress
Wikipedia - Julie Vega -- Filipino actress-singer
Wikipedia - Julio Cesar Pino -- American professor of Latin American history
Wikipedia - Julio Diaz (actor) -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Julio Garcia Espinosa -- Cuban film director
Wikipedia - Julio Iglesias Jr. -- Spanish-Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Julius Roden -- Filipino Movie Producer-Director
Wikipedia - Jun Aristorenas -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - June Macasaet -- Filipino actor and model, Manhunt International 2012 winner, international male pageant winner
Wikipedia - Jun Factoran -- Filipino lawyer
Wikipedia - Junior Kilat -- Filipino reggae, ska and dub band
Wikipedia - Junix Inocian -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Jun Lana -- Filipino film director
Wikipedia - Junna Tsukii -- Filipino-Japanese karateka
Wikipedia - Jun Rundstedt Ebdane -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Jurdin Jesus Romualdo -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Just a Stranger -- Filipino drama romance film
Wikipedia - Justina David -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Justin Cuyugan -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Justo Justo -- Filipino columnis
Wikipedia - Juvic Pagunsan -- Filipino professional golfer
Wikipedia - Juvy Cachola -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - JV Kapunan -- Filipino entertainer
Wikipedia - Jyro Xhan -- Filipino American musician
Wikipedia - Kaitlin De Guzman -- Filipino-American artistic gymnast
Wikipedia - Kala (band) -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Kalamay -- Filipino sweet delicacy
Wikipedia - Kamay ni Cain -- 1957 Filipino film directed by Gerardo de Leon
Wikipedia - Kamikazee -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Kampinos National Park
Wikipedia - Kapatid (band) -- Filipino rock band formed in 2003
Wikipedia - Kapitan Stupino -- Russian ice hockey team
Wikipedia - Kara David -- Filipino journalist and television host
Wikipedia - Kare-kare -- Filipino cuisine
Wikipedia - Karel Marquez -- Filipino actor, vj, model and singer
Wikipedia - Karen delos Reyes -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Karen Reyes -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Karla Estrada -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Karlo Nograles -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Karylle -- Filipino singer, song writer, actress, TV host, theater performer, writer, blogger and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Kat Alano -- English-Filipino model, actress and television presenter.
Wikipedia - Katarina Rodriguez -- Filipino-American athlete, model, and beauty queen
Wikipedia - Kate Valdez -- Flipino actress
Wikipedia - Kathleen Hermosa -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kathryn Bernardo -- Filipino actress, model, endorser and recording artist
Wikipedia - Kathy Bersola -- Filipino volleyball athlete
Wikipedia - Katipunan -- Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish colonialism Filipinos in Manila in 1892
Wikipedia - Katya Santos -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Katy de la Cruz -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - K Brosas -- Filipino actress and singer
Wikipedia - Kean Cipriano -- Filipino singer, composer, actor, producer, music video director, musician and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Keanna Reeves -- Filipino actress and comedian
Wikipedia - Keempee de Leon -- Filipino entertainer
Wikipedia - Kelly Gallardo -- Filipino radio personality
Wikipedia - Kelsey Merritt -- Filipino-American model
Wikipedia - Kelvin Miranda -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Ken Alfonso -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Ken Chan (Filipino actor) -- Filipino-Chinese actor, model and host
Wikipedia - Kenneth Cobonpue -- Filipino industrial designer
Wikipedia - Kenneth Medrano -- Filipino actor and TV personality
Wikipedia - Ketchup Eusebio -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Kevin Belingon -- Filipino martial artist
Wikipedia - Kevin Santos -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Kevin Vernal -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - Khalil Ramos -- Filipino singer-actor
Wikipedia - Khryss Adalia -- Filipino film, television, and stage director, writer, and actor
Wikipedia - Kiana Valenciano -- Filipino singer and songwriter
Wikipedia - Kian Kazemi -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Kidlat Tahimik -- Filipino film director and actor
Wikipedia - Kier Legaspi -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Kiko en Lala -- Filipino drama film
Wikipedia - Kiko Estrada -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Kim Atienza -- Filipino broadcaster and host
Wikipedia - Kim Chiu -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kim Last -- Filipino-British actor, dancer and endorser
Wikipedia - Kim Molina -- Filipino actress and singer
Wikipedia - Kim Rodriguez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kim Steven Yap -- Filipino chess player (b. 1988)
Wikipedia - King Girado -- Filipino singer, musician, model and actor
Wikipedia - Kinutil -- A Filipino alcoholic drink made from palm wine with raw egg yolks and/or homemade chocolate
Wikipedia - Kitchie Nadal -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Kitkat (comedian) -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kitty Girls -- Filipino all-female singing group
Wikipedia - Kiyomi Watanabe -- Filipino-Japanese judoka
Wikipedia - Klaudia Koronel -- Filipino businesswoman and former actress
Wikipedia - Koko Pimentel -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Kokoy de Santos -- Filipino actor, singer, and dancer
Wikipedia - Koreen Medina -- Filipino beauty pageant titleholder
Wikipedia - Kris Aquino -- Filipino talk show host, actress and producer.
Wikipedia - Kris Bernal -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kris Lawrence -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Krissy & Ericka -- Filipino pop-acoustic music duo
Wikipedia - Krista Ranillo -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kristel Fulgar -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kristel Macrohon -- Filipino weightlifter
Wikipedia - Kristel Moreno -- Filipino actor and dancer
Wikipedia - Kristina Knott -- Filipino-American track and field athlete
Wikipedia - Kristina Paner -- Filipino singer and actress
Wikipedia - Kristine Hermosa -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kristofer Martin -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Krizza Neri -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Krizziah Tabora -- Filipino bowler
Wikipedia - Krystal Reyes -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Kuh Ledesma -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Kumu (streaming service) -- Filipino streaming service
Wikipedia - Kurt Perez -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Kusina Kings -- Filipino comedy film
Wikipedia - Kyla -- Filipino R&B singer-songwriter, recording artist and producer, occasional actress, and presenter
Wikipedia - Kyle Alandy Amor -- American visual artist, commercial model, singer, and actor of Filipino descent
Wikipedia - Kyle Echarri -- Filipino-American singer
Wikipedia - Kyle Juliano -- Filipino pop singer
Wikipedia - Kylie Padilla -- Filipino-Australian actress and singer
Wikipedia - Kylie Verzosa -- Filipino actress, model, and beauty queen, Miss International 2016 winner
Wikipedia - KZ Tandingan -- Filipino singer and rapper (born 1992)
Wikipedia - Laarni Lozada -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino -- Political party in the Philippines
Wikipedia - Ladislao Diwa -- Filipino revolutionary (1863-1930)
Wikipedia - La Diva (group) -- Filipino pop girl group
Wikipedia - Lady Lee -- Filippino actress
Wikipedia - Laidback Luke -- Dutch-Filipino DJ and music producer
Wikipedia - Lakay -- 1992 Filipino film starring Fernando Poe Jr.
Wikipedia - L.A. Lopez -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Lana Jalosjos -- Filipino singer and TV host
Wikipedia - Lance Busa -- Filipino singer and actor
Wikipedia - Lance Lucido -- Filipino child actor
Wikipedia - Lance Serrano -- Filipino actor, commercial model and gym instructor
Wikipedia - Landing of the first Filipinos -- Arrival of Filipinos to the current United States in 1587
Wikipedia - Lani Cayetano -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Lani Mercado -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Larry Silva -- Filipino comedian
Wikipedia - Last Fool Show -- Filipino romantic comedy film
Wikipedia - Laura Lehmann -- Filipino-German TV host, model, and beauty pageant titleholder
Wikipedia - Lauren Young -- Filipino-American actress and model
Wikipedia - Laurice Guillen -- Filipino actor and director
Wikipedia - Lauro Baja -- Filipino diplomat
Wikipedia - Lauro Delgado -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Lav Diaz -- Filipino filmmaker
Wikipedia - Leandro MuM-CM-1oz -- Filipino-born American actor
Wikipedia - Leandro Tojong -- Filipino Visayan medical doctor, Cebu City Mayor, and Congressman from 1946-1953
Wikipedia - Leanne Bautista -- Filipino child actress
Wikipedia - Leila Benitez-McCollum -- Filipino-American television and radio host
Wikipedia - Leo Martinez -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Leon Apacible -- Filipino lawyer and revolutionary
Wikipedia - Leonardo Andam -- Filipino pool player
Wikipedia - Leonardo Quisumbing -- Filipino judge
Wikipedia - Leoncio Evasco Jr. -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Leonor Briones -- Filipino government official, economist, and academic
Wikipedia - Leontina Albina Espinoza -- Chilean woman; one of the world's most prolific mother
Wikipedia - Leopoldo Ang -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Leopoldo Petilla -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Leslie Scalapino
Wikipedia - Leticia Ramos-Shahani -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Lexi Fernandez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Life (2017 film) -- 2017 film by Daniel Espinosa
Wikipedia - Life in Progress -- Filipino comic strip series
Wikipedia - Lifestyle (Philippine TV channel) -- Filipino cable television network
Wikipedia - Light Rail Transit Authority -- Filipino public transport operator
Wikipedia - Lilet -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Lilia Cuntapay -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Lilia Dizon -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Lilian PateM-CM-1a -- Filipino scientist
Wikipedia - Lilian Velez -- Filipino actress-singer
Wikipedia - Linabelle Villarica -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Linda Ty Casper -- Filipino writer
Wikipedia - Lino Cayetano -- Filipino politician and television director
Wikipedia - Lisa Bersales -- Filipino statistician
Wikipedia - List of conifers of South Africa -- Plants of the class Pinophyta recorded from South Africa
Wikipedia - List of Filipino actresses -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino American sportspeople -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino Americans -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino beauty pageant winners -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino billionaires by net worth -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino Canadians -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino Christmas carols
Wikipedia - List of Filipino comedians -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino composers -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino current child actors -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino former child actors -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino generals in the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino inventions and discoveries -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino male actors -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino philosophers
Wikipedia - List of Filipino records in athletics -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino records in swimming -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino Saints, Blesseds, and Servants of God
Wikipedia - List of Filipino saints, blesseds, and Servants of God
Wikipedia - List of Filipino saints, blesseds, and servants of God
Wikipedia - List of Filipino sportspeople -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino superheroes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino women artists -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino women writers -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Filipino writers -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2011 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2012 -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Junior MasterChef Pinoy Edition episodes -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of Pinoy Big Brother housemates -- Wikimedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs aired by Fox Filipino -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by GMA Pinoy TV -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of programs broadcast by The Filipino Channel -- Wikipedia list article
Wikipedia - List of works about Baruch Spinoza
Wikipedia - Lita dela Rosa -- Filipino ten-pin bowler
Wikipedia - Lito Anzures -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Lito Atienza -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Lito Calzado -- Filipino actor, director, and choreographer (1946-2011)
Wikipedia - Lito Camo -- Filipino singer and songwriter
Wikipedia - Lito Lapid -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Lito Legaspi -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Lito Pimentel -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Liza DiM-CM-1o -- Filipino actress and Chairperson of the Film Development Council of the Philippines
Wikipedia - Liz Alindogan -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Liza Lorena -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Liza Soberano -- Filipino actress and model
Wikipedia - Lizzy LeDuc -- Filipino-American artistic gymnast
Wikipedia - Lloyd Cadena -- Filipino YouTuber
Wikipedia - Lloyd Samartino -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Lloyd Zaragoza -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Lodovico Espinosa -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Loisa Andalio -- Filipino actress, dancer and singer
Wikipedia - Lolita Lagrosas -- Filipino athlete
Wikipedia - Lolita Rodriguez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Lophomyrmex quadrispinosus -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Lord Allan Velasco -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Loren Legarda -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Lorenzo Gamboa -- Filipino-American man who was excluded from Australia under the White Australia policy, despite having an Australian wife and children
Wikipedia - Lorenzo Ruiz: The Saint... A Filipino
Wikipedia - Lorenzo Sumulong -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Lorna Tolentino -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Lota Delgado -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Lotlot de Leon -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Lou Diamond Phillips -- Filipino American actor and film director
Wikipedia - Lougee Basabas -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Louise Abuel -- Filipino teen actor
Wikipedia - Louise Mabulo -- Filipino environmentalist
Wikipedia - Lourdes Faberes -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Lourdes J. Cruz -- Filipino biochemist
Wikipedia - Lou Veloso -- Filipino actor-politician
Wikipedia - Lovely Rivero -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Love the Way U Lie -- 2020 Filipino comedy film
Wikipedia - Loving in Tandem -- 2017 Filipino film by Giselle Andres
Wikipedia - Lovi Poe -- Filipino artist and singer
Wikipedia - Lucas Bersamin -- Filipino Judge and SSS Chairman
Wikipedia - Luca Spinola (1489-1579) -- Doge of the Republic of Genoa
Wikipedia - Lucho Ayala -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Lucia Cunanan -- Filipino restaurateur
Wikipedia - Lucia Hiriart -- Augusto Pinochet's widow
Wikipedia - Lucita Soriano -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Lucy Torres Gomez -- Filipino actress and politician
Wikipedia - Luis Antonio Tagle -- 20th- and 21st-century Filipino Catholic cardinal
Wikipedia - Luis Dato -- Filipino poet and writer
Wikipedia - Luis Eduardo Espinosa PM-CM-)rez -- Mexican politician
Wikipedia - Luis Gabriel Moreno -- Filipino archer
Wikipedia - Luis Gonzales -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Luis Manzano -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - Luis M-CM-^Angel Espinoza Chazaro -- Mexican politician
Wikipedia - Luis Osvaldo Pino Valdivieso -- Director of the Ponce Municipal Band in Puerto Rico
Wikipedia - Luis Raymund Villafuerte -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Luis Villafuerte -- Filipino politician (born 1935)
Wikipedia - Lupinocolus -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Lupino Lane -- British actor
Wikipedia - Luppino crime family -- Italian-Canadian crime family
Wikipedia - Ma-Anne Dionisio -- Filipino-Canadian singer and actress
Wikipedia - Maasinhon Trio -- Filipino musical group
Wikipedia - Macairog Alberto -- Filipino general (b. 1963)
Wikipedia - Macario Sakay -- Filipino general, merchant and revolutionary
Wikipedia - Madam Auring -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Maey Bautista -- Filipino journalist, actress and comedian
Wikipedia - Magdalena Spinola -- Guatemalan teacher, poet and journalist
Wikipedia - Maggie de la Riva -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Maggie Wilson -- British-Filipino, beauty queen, TV personality, actress, model and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Magiting at Pusakal -- 1972 Filipino film starring Fernando Poe Jr. and Joseph Estrada
Wikipedia - Magkano ang Iyong Dangal? -- 1988 Filipino film directed by Laurice Guillen
Wikipedia - Mahar Lagmay -- Fillipino geologist
Wikipedia - Maine Mendoza -- Filipino actress, comedienne, host, and model
Wikipedia - Maja Salvador -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Majin Tensei -- Video game spinoff series
Wikipedia - Mak and the Dudes -- Filipino boy-band
Wikipedia - Makisig Morales -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Makiusap Ka sa Diyos -- 1991 Filipino film directed by Lino Brocka
Wikipedia - Mak Tumang -- Filipino fashion designer
Wikipedia - Mamintal M. Adiong Sr. -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Mammillaria spinosissima -- Species of cactus from Mexico
Wikipedia - Mamon -- Traditional Filipino chiffon or sponge cakes
Wikipedia - Manding Claro -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Mang Pandoy -- Filipino street vendor
Wikipedia - Manila's 3rd congressional district -- Filipino congressional district
Wikipedia - Manny Pacquiao -- Filipino professional boxer and politician
Wikipedia - Manolita Cinco -- Filipino hurdler
Wikipedia - Manuel A. Cuenco -- Filipino politician, Governor of Cebu (1946-1951), Secretary of Health (1964-1965)
Wikipedia - Manuela de Jess Arias Espinosa
Wikipedia - Manuel A. Roa -- Filipino Visayan politician and former Cebu governor from 1912-1921
Wikipedia - Manuel Barbeyto -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Manuel Briones -- Filipino lawyer, legislator, and Supreme Court Associate Justice
Wikipedia - Manuel Chua -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - Manuel Espino Barrientos -- Mexican politician
Wikipedia - Manuel Morato -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Manuel Silos -- Filipino filmmaker
Wikipedia - Manuel Valdes (sport shooter) -- Filipino sport shooter
Wikipedia - Manuel Villareal (Filipino sailor) -- Filipino sailor
Wikipedia - Manuel Villar -- Filipino businessman and politician
Wikipedia - Mara Lopez -- Filipino actress and surfer
Wikipedia - Marasmarcha spinosa -- Species of plume moth
Wikipedia - Marc Abaya -- Filipino musician, TV host, VJ and actor
Wikipedia - Marcel Antonio -- Filipino painter
Wikipedia - Marcelino Navarra -- Filipino Visayan editor, poet, and father of modern Cebuano short story
Wikipedia - Marcelino Teodoro -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Marcelito Pomoy -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Marcelo Adonay -- Filipino church composer
Wikipedia - Marcelo H. del Pilar -- Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist
Wikipedia - Marc Justine Alvarez -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Marco Alcaraz -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Marco Gumabao -- Filipino actor, model, athlete, and entrepreneur
Wikipedia - Marcus Adoro -- Filipino guitarist
Wikipedia - Margarita Moran-Floirendo -- Filipino beauty queen, model, and peace advocate
Wikipedia - Margaux Pinot -- French judoka
Wikipedia - Margielyn Didal -- Filipino skateboarder
Wikipedia - Margot Blanche -- French/Filipino singer and songwriter
Wikipedia - Maria Amapola Cabase -- Filipino singer, actress, musician, television and radio host
Wikipedia - Maria Aragon -- Canadian singer of Filipino descent
Wikipedia - Maria Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo -- Filipino Dominican nun
Wikipedia - Maria Claire Adorna -- Filipino triathlete
Wikipedia - Maria del Pino Garcia Padron -- Spanish chess player
Wikipedia - Maria Espinola -- Argentine windsurfer
Wikipedia - Maria Espinosa de los Monteros -- Spanish women's rights activist
Wikipedia - Maria Espinosa -- American novelist, poet, and translator
Wikipedia - Maria Espinoza -- Mexican taekwondo practitioner
Wikipedia - Maria Fernanda Espinosa -- Ecuadorian politician
Wikipedia - Maria Floriani Squarciapino -- Italian classical archaeologist
Wikipedia - Maria Isabel Lopez -- Filipino movie and television actress
Wikipedia - Maria Jocelyn Bernos -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Maria Lourdes Sereno -- Filipino judge and de Facto Chief Justice (2012–2018)
Wikipedia - Mariano Marcos -- Filipino lawyer and politician
Wikipedia - Mariano Ninonuevo -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Marian Rivera -- Spanish-Filipino model and actress
Wikipedia - Maria Orosa -- Filipino chemist
Wikipedia - Maria Sheilah Lacuna-Pangan -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Maria Teresa Carlson -- Filipino-American actress and beauty queen
Wikipedia - Maria Veronica Martinez Espinoza -- Mexican politician
Wikipedia - Maricar Reyes -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Maricel Laxa -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Maricel Soriano -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Maricet Espinosa -- Cuban judoka
Wikipedia - Marides Fernando -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Mariel Espinosa -- Mexican athletics competitor
Wikipedia - Mariel Pamintuan -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Marife Necesito -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Mari Kaimo -- Filipino actor and journalist
Wikipedia - Marilou Cayco -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Mario Almario -- Filipino sailor
Wikipedia - Mario Barri -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Marion Andres -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Mario O'Hara -- Filipino television and film director; screenwriter
Wikipedia - Mario Ortiz (politician) -- Filipino politician and lawyer
Wikipedia - Marisol Espinoza -- Peruvian politician
Wikipedia - Marissa Aroy -- Filipino-American director and producer
Wikipedia - Marissa Delgado -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Marita Zobel -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Maritoni Fernandez -- Filipino actor, model and businesswoman
Wikipedia - Mariz (actress) -- Filipino singer, TV-host, actress and film producer
Wikipedia - Marjorie Barretto -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Mark Anthony Fernandez -- Filipino actor and comedian
Wikipedia - Mark A. Reyes -- Filipino film director, TV director, music video director and film writer
Wikipedia - Mark Bautista -- Filipino singer, actor and model.
Wikipedia - Mark Cojuangco -- Filipino politician and businessman
Wikipedia - Mark Eddiva -- Filipino mixed martial artist
Wikipedia - Mark Escueta -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Mark Gil -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Mark Herras -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Mark Javier -- Filipino archer
Wikipedia - Mark Joseph (actor) -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Mark Lapid -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Mark Lopez (Filipino executive) -- Filipino businessman (born 1972)
Wikipedia - Mark Paragua -- Filipino chess Grandmaster
Wikipedia - Mark Shandii Bacolod -- Filipino film director and producer
Wikipedia - Mark Villar -- Filipino politician and businessman
Wikipedia - Markwin Tee -- Filipino ten-pin bowling player
Wikipedia - Marky Cielo -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Marky Lopez -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Marla Boyd -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Marlann Flores -- Filipino actress and model
Wikipedia - Marlene DaudM-CM-)n -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Marlo Mortel -- Filipino singer and actor
Wikipedia - Marlon Manalo -- Filipino pool player
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Wikipedia - Rey Galang -- Filipino martial artist
Wikipedia - Reyland Capellan -- Filipino artistic gymnast
Wikipedia - Rey Langit -- Filipino broadcaster
Wikipedia - Rey Leonardo Guerrero -- Filipino government official and former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Wikipedia - Rey Malonzo -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Reynaldo Dante -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Reynaldo Tamayo Jr. -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Reynato Puno -- Filipino Judge
Wikipedia - Rez Cortez -- Filipino actor and director
Wikipedia - Rhene Imperial -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Rhodora Cadiao -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Ria Atayde -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Ria Christina FariM-CM-1as -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Ricardo Brillantes -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Ricardo de Guzman -- Filipino chess player
Wikipedia - Ricardo Hizon -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Ricardo Visaya -- Filipino government official and former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Wikipedia - Ric Bustamante -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Ricci Crisostomo -- Filipino television and film actor
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Wikipedia - Richard Paz -- Filipino windsurfer
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Wikipedia - Richard Yap -- Filipino actor, singer, model and businessman
Wikipedia - Rich Asuncion -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Ricky Belmonte -- Filipino actor
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Wikipedia - Ric Manrique Jr. -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Rico Barrera -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Rico Blanco -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Rico J. Puno -- Filipino singer
Wikipedia - Rico MascariM-CM-1as -- Filipino chess player
Wikipedia - Rico Yan -- Filipino actor (1975-2002)
Wikipedia - Rin Chupeco -- Chinese Filipino writer of young adult fiction
Wikipedia - Rio Diaz -- Filipino actress and model
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Wikipedia - Risa Hontiveros -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Rita Amor -- Filipino actress
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Wikipedia - Ritche Lago Bautista -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Ritz Azul -- Filipino actor and model
Wikipedia - RJ Padilla -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - RJ Rosales -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - RK Bagatsing -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Roberta Pinotti -- Italian politician
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Wikipedia - Robert Campos -- Filipino actor
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Wikipedia - Roberto Pagdanganan -- Filipino politician
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Wikipedia - Robi Domingo -- Filipino actor and VJ
Wikipedia - Robin Aristorenas -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Robin Padilla -- Filipino actor and director
Wikipedia - Rob Moya -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Rocco Nacino -- Filipino actor
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Wikipedia - Rochelle Pangilinan -- Filipino actress, dancer and musician
Wikipedia - Rock Baby Rock -- 1978 song by Filipino disco group VST & Co
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Wikipedia - Rodel Naval -- Filipino actor and musician
Wikipedia - Roderick Paulate -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Rodil Zalameda -- Filipino Supreme Court Associate Justice
Wikipedia - Rodjun Cruz -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Rod Navarro -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Rodolfo Albano III -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Rodolfo Luat -- Filipino pool player
Wikipedia - Rodrigo Abellanosa -- Filipino politician
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Wikipedia - Roel Cortez -- Filipino singer and songwriter
Wikipedia - Roel Degamo -- Filipino politician
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Wikipedia - Rogelio de la Rosa -- Filipino actor and politician
Wikipedia - Rogelio Espina -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Rogelio Singson -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Roger Casugay -- Filipino professional surfer
Wikipedia - Rohaniza Usman -- Filipino activist
Wikipedia - Roi Vinzon -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Roland Dantes -- Filipino actor, bodybuilder and martial artist
Wikipedia - Roland Garcia -- Filipino pool player
Wikipedia - Rolando Dy -- Filipino mixed martial arts fighter
Wikipedia - Rolando Joselito Bautista -- Filipino general and politician
Wikipedia - Roldan Aquino -- Filipino actor and director
Wikipedia - Romano Espinoza -- Peruvian artist
Wikipedia - Romeo Jalosjos Jr. -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Romeo Vasquez -- Filipino actor and former matinee idol
Wikipedia - Rommel Padilla -- Filipino actor, movie producer and politician
Wikipedia - Romnick Sarmenta -- Filipino actor
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Wikipedia - Ronald Humarang -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Ronaldo Valdez -- Filipino actor
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Wikipedia - Ronnie Alonte -- Filipino actor, model and dancer
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Wikipedia - Ronnie Ricketts -- Filipino actor and film director
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Wikipedia - Rosa del Rosario -- Filipino actress
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Wikipedia - Rox Montealegre -- Filipino actress
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Wikipedia - Ryan Cayabyab -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Ryan Cayubit -- Filipino professional road bicycle racer
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Wikipedia - Salvador del Rosario -- Filipino weightlifter
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Wikipedia - Sam Mangubat -- Filipino singer-songwriter
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Wikipedia - San Miguel Corporation -- Filipino multinational conglomerate
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Wikipedia - Sans rival -- Filipino layer cake
Wikipedia - Santiago Cane Jr. -- Filipino politician
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Wikipedia - Santiago Lucero -- Santiago Lucero was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, politician and judge from Cebu, Philippines.
Wikipedia - Sanya Lopez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Sarah Christophers -- Australian-born Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Sarah Lahbati -- Filipino-Moroccan actress and reality show contestant
Wikipedia - Sarrola-Carcopino -- Commune in Corsica, France
Wikipedia - Sarsiado -- Filipino fish dish with tomatoes and eggs
Wikipedia - Sarsi Emmanuelle -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Save Me Hollywood -- Filipino pop punk band
Wikipedia - SB19 -- Filipino boy band
Wikipedia - Scarlet Garcia -- Filipino glamour model
Wikipedia - Scopula spinosicrista -- Species of geometer moth in subfamily Sterrhinae
Wikipedia - Secretary of Trade and Industry (Philippines) -- The head of the department for trade and industry of fillipino
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Wikipedia - Sentro Balita -- Afternoon newscasting in Filipino language
Wikipedia - Serafin Quiason Jr. -- Filipino scholar and historian
Wikipedia - Serena Dalrymple -- Filipino actress
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Wikipedia - Sergio Garcia (actor) -- Filipino actor and dancer
Wikipedia - SessiOnroad -- Filipino alternative rock band
Wikipedia - SexBomb Girls -- Filipino pop music group
Wikipedia - Sgt. Ernesto 'Boy' YbaM-CM-1ez: Tirtir Gang -- 1988 Filipino film starring Sonny Parsons
Wikipedia - Shaina Magdayao -- Filipino actress, television presenter, model and comedian
Wikipedia - Shalala -- Filipino broadcaster
Wikipedia - Shamcey Supsup-Lee -- Filipino architect, businesswoman, model, and beauty queen
Wikipedia - Shampoo Ni Lola -- Filipino indie band
Wikipedia - Shamrock (Filipino band) -- Filipino alternative/pop rock band
Wikipedia - Sharifa Akeel -- Filipino model
Wikipedia - Sharlene San Pedro -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Sharmaine Arnaiz -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Sharon Cuneta -- Filipino singer, actress and TV host
Wikipedia - Shawn Wasabi -- Filipino-American musician
Wikipedia - Sheena Halili -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Sheikh Ahmad Bashir -- Filipino ulama
Wikipedia - Sheila Mae PM-CM-)rez -- Filipino diver
Wikipedia - Shermaine Santiago -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Sherwin Meneses -- Filipino volleyball coach
Wikipedia - Sheryl Cruz -- Filipino actress and singer
Wikipedia - Sheryn Regis -- Filipino actress and musician
Wikipedia - She's Only Sixteen -- Filipino indie alternative band
Wikipedia - Shing-a-ling (food) -- Filipino snack
Wikipedia - Shy Carlos -- Filipino actress and model
Wikipedia - Siamosaurus -- Potentially dubious genus of spinosaurid theropod dinosaur
Wikipedia - Side A (group) -- Filipino pop band
Wikipedia - Sid Espinosa -- American businessman and politician
Wikipedia - Sid Lucero -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Silent Sanctuary -- Filipino musical band
Wikipedia - Silvana (food) -- Filipino cookie
Wikipedia - Simeon Datumanong -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Simon Ibarra -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Sisig -- A Filipino dish that consists of pork scraps
Wikipedia - Sitti Djalia Turabin -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Skusta Clee -- Filipino rapper, singer & songwriter
Wikipedia - Slapshock -- Filipino heavy metal band
Wikipedia - Slater Young -- Filipino-Chinese actor and television personality
Wikipedia - Smith & Wesson (film) -- 1988 Filipino comedy film directed by Tony Y. Reyes
Wikipedia - Smokey Mountain (band) -- Filipino singing group
Wikipedia - SM Prime -- Filipino holding company
Wikipedia - Snaffu Rigor -- Filipino songwriter and vocalist
Wikipedia - Snooky Serna -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Social Weather Stations -- Filipino public opinion company
Wikipedia - Sofia Moran -- Filipino actress, singer and recording artist
Wikipedia - Sofie Garrucho -- Filipino actress and model
Wikipedia - Sol Aragones -- Filipino politician and former journalist
Wikipedia - Solar Entertainment Corporation -- Filipino Media Company
Wikipedia - Solar News Channel -- Filipino commercial television network
Wikipedia - Solenn Heussaff -- Filipino actor, model and singer
Wikipedia - Solita Monsod -- Filipino broadcaster
Wikipedia - Sonia Bruce -- Filipino lawn bowls player
Wikipedia - Sonny Angara -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Sonny Parsons -- Filipino actor, singer, director and politician
Wikipedia - Sons of Nanay Sabel -- Filipino comedy film
Wikipedia - Sophia Montecarlo -- Filipino musician
Wikipedia - Sotero Cabahug -- Filipino lawyer, politician, legislator, and Cabinet member
Wikipedia - Soup Number Five -- Filipino soup dish made from bull's testes and/or penises
Wikipedia - Spanish Filipino -- A Hispanic ethnic identity
Wikipedia - Spanky Manikan -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Special Code: Assignment Lost Formula -- 1966 Italian-Spanish-French Eurospy film by Pino Mercanti
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Wikipedia - Spinoasa gas field -- Gas field in Cluj County, Romania
Wikipedia - Spinoberea -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinoblesthis acuta -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinocentruropsis papuanus -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 -- rare neurodegenerative disorder
Wikipedia - Spinochariesthes albomaculata -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinodiadelia -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinogramma -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinohybolasius spinicollis -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinone Italiano -- Italian breed of hunting dog
Wikipedia - Spinophorosaurus -- Middle Jurassic genus of sauropod dinosaur
Wikipedia - Spinoplon -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinopraonetha fuscomaculata -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinor -- Non-tensorial representation of the spin group; represents fermions in physics
Wikipedia - Spinosodus -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinosomatidia obesa -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinosophronica -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinosophroniella -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinospasma hynesi -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinothalamic tract -- Sensory pathway from the skin to the thalamus
Wikipedia - Spinout (video game) -- 2008 video game
Wikipedia - Spinovelleda -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinoza (book) -- 1951 book by Stuart Hampshire
Wikipedia - Spinoza Institute
Wikipedia - Spinoza: Practical Philosophy -- 1970 book by Gilles Deleuze
Wikipedia - Spinoza Prize
Wikipedia - Spinoza's God
Wikipedia - Spinoza
Wikipedia - Spinozism
Wikipedia - Spinozist
Wikipedia - Spinozorilispe -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Spinozotroctes -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - SPO4 Santiago: Sharpshooter -- 1996 Filipino film
Wikipedia - Sponge Cola -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Stanley Palisada -- Filipino journalist (born 1969)
Wikipedia - Star ng Pasko -- 2009 Filipino-language Christmas song
Wikipedia - Starzan: Shouting Star of the Jungle -- 1989 Filipino comedy film directed by Tony Y. Reyes
Wikipedia - Stefano Mori -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Stef Prescott -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Stella Quimbo -- Filipino economist, academic, and politician
Wikipedia - Stephanie Sol -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Stephanie Syjuco -- Filipino-American conceptual artist and educator (born 1974)
Wikipedia - Stephany Stefanowitz -- Filipino model
Wikipedia - Stephen Fernandez -- Filipino taekwondo practiioner and coach
Wikipedia - Steven Silva -- Filipino chef and actor
Wikipedia - Steve Solon -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Stigmella spinosissimae -- Species of moth
Wikipedia - Stonefree -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Studio 23 -- Filipino television network
Wikipedia - Subas Herrero -- Filipino actor, comedian and singer
Wikipedia - Sud (band) -- Filipino indie rock/jazz fusion band
Wikipedia - Sue Prado -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Sugar Mercado -- Filipino actress and dancer
Wikipedia - Sugarpop -- Filipino child musical group
Wikipedia - Suharto Mangudadatu -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Suitcase101 -- Filipino alternative rock band
Wikipedia - Sukdulan (1988 film) -- 1988 Filipino erotic horror film
Wikipedia - Sung Chon Hong -- Filipino Taekwondo master (b. 1945)
Wikipedia - Sunshine Cruz -- Filipino actress and singer
Wikipedia - Susan Africa -- Filipino actress (b. 1959)
Wikipedia - Susan Quimpo -- Filipino activist
Wikipedia - Susan Roces -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Susan Yap -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Suzette Ranillo -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Sylvia La Torre -- Filipino actress and musician
Wikipedia - Sylvia Sanchez -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Tado (comedian) -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tagonggo -- Filipino musical style
Wikipedia - Tahira Ismael-Sansawi -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Taken by Cars -- Filipino indie rock band
Wikipedia - Talitha Espiritu -- Filipino Author
Wikipedia - Tambunting -- Filipino pawnshop
Wikipedia - Tancredo Pinochet -- Chilean writer and politician
Wikipedia - Tanya Garcia -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Tanya Markova -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - Tapinocaninus -- Species of mammal (fossil)
Wikipedia - Tapinolepis -- Genus of ants
Wikipedia - Tapinoma aberrans -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma acuminatum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma albinase -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma albomaculatum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma amazone -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma andamanense -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma annandalei -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma antarcticum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma arnoldi -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma atriceps -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma baculum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma carininotum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma chiaromontei -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma christophi -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma danitschi -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma demissum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma electrinum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma emeryanum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma emeryi -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma epinotale -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma festae -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma flavidum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma fragile -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma funiculare -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma geei -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma gibbosum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma glaesaria -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma glaucum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma heyeri -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma himalaica -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma indicum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma israele -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma karavaievi -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma kinburni -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma krakatauae -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma latifrons -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma litorale -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma luffae -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma lugubre -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma luridum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma luteum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma madeirense -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma melanocephalum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma minimum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma minor -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma minutum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma modestum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma muelleri -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma nigerrimum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma opacum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma orthocephalum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma panamense -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma philippinense -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma pomone -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma pygmaeum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma ramulorum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma rasenum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma rectinotum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma sahohime -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma schreiberi -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma schultzei -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma sessile -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma silvestrii -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma simrothi -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma sinense -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma subboreale -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma subtile -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma troche -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma wheeleri -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma -- Genus of ants
Wikipedia - Tapinoma williamsi -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma wilsoni -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinoma wroughtonii -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Tapinomini -- Tribe of ants
Wikipedia - Tapinopterus -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Tapinoscaris -- Genus of beetles
Wikipedia - Tatak Pilipino -- Philippine television magazine show
Wikipedia - Tatsulok -- Filipino anti-fascist folk-rock song
Wikipedia - Tecson (surname) -- Chinese Filipino family name
Wikipedia - Teddy Benavidez -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Teddy Corpuz -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Teejay Marquez -- Filipino actor, dancer, television personality, and commercial model
Wikipedia - Teeth (Filipino band) -- Filipino grunge band, active from 1992
Wikipedia - TeleAsia -- Filipino cable channel
Wikipedia - Temnothorax curvispinosus -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - Template talk:Baruch Spinoza
Wikipedia - Template talk:Filipino sainthood
Wikipedia - Teo Antonio -- Filipino poet
Wikipedia - Teodoro Enrique Pino Miranda -- Mexican catholic priest
Wikipedia - Teodoro Kalaw III -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Teodoro Locsin Jr. -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Teodoro Plata -- Filipino patriot
Wikipedia - Teody Belarmino -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Terence Baylon -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Teresita Castillo -- 20th and 21st-century Filipino Catholic nun and visionary
Wikipedia - Tereso Dosdos -- Filipino lawyer and Congressman from 1934 to 1941
Wikipedia - Terry Acebo Davis -- Filipino American artist and nurse
Wikipedia - Tessie Agana -- Filipino child actress
Wikipedia - Tessie Aquino-Oreta -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Tessie Tomas -- Filipino actress and TV host
Wikipedia - Tetramorium curvispinosum -- Species of ant
Wikipedia - TG Guingona -- Filipino politician (born 1959)
Wikipedia - The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996 film) -- 1996 film
Wikipedia - The Adventures of Pinocchio (unfinished film) -- 1936 film
Wikipedia - The Biggest Loser Pinoy Edition
Wikipedia - The Bloomfields (Filipino band) -- Filipino pop-rock band
Wikipedia - The Camerawalls -- Filipino indie pop band
Wikipedia - The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf -- A Filipino-owned international coffee and tea shop chain based in Los Angeles, California, United States
Wikipedia - The Dawn (band) -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - The Day After Valentine's -- Filipino romantic film
Wikipedia - The Filipino Channel -- Filipino international TV channel
Wikipedia - The Haunted (Philippine TV series) -- Filipino drama television series
Wikipedia - The Hitch-Hiker -- 1953 film by Ida Lupino
Wikipedia - The Jerks -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - The Juans -- Filipino pop rock band
Wikipedia - The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams -- 1974 film by Richard Friedenberg and its television spinoff
Wikipedia - The Nutshack -- Filipino-American-Spanish adult animated sitcom
Wikipedia - The Oktaves -- Filipino rock band
Wikipedia - The Pin-Ups -- Filipino indie rock band
Wikipedia - The Ransom Collective -- Filipino indie folk band
Wikipedia - The Ravagers (film) -- 1965 Filipino film directed by Eddie Romero
Wikipedia - The Trigonal: Fight for Justice -- Filipino action film
Wikipedia - The Walls of Hell -- 1964 Filipino film directed by Eddie Romero and Gerardo de Leon
Wikipedia - The Yellow World -- 2008 book by Albert Espinosa
Wikipedia - The Youth (band) -- Filipino punk rock band
Wikipedia - This Band (band) -- Filipino indie pop band
Wikipedia - Thomas Ong (judoka) -- Filipino judoka
Wikipedia - Thou Reyes -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Throw (band) -- Filipino hardcore punk band
Wikipedia - Tim Yap -- Filipino TV and radio host
Wikipedia - Tinikling -- Traditional Filipino folk dance from Visayas
Wikipedia - Tino de Lara -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tinola -- Filipino soup dish
Wikipedia - Tipong Pinoy -- Philippine television show
Wikipedia - Tippy Dos Santos -- Filipino American singer and actress
Wikipedia - Tirso Cruz III -- Filipino singer and actor
Wikipedia - Tita de Villa -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Tita Duran -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Tita MuM-CM-1oz -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Tito ArM-CM-)valo -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tito Sotto -- Filipino politician and television presenter
Wikipedia - Tiyanak (film) -- 1988 Filipino horror film directed by Peque Gallaga & Lorenzo A. Reyes
Wikipedia - Tiya Pusit -- Filipino movie and television actress and comedian
Wikipedia - TJ Trinidad -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Togo (comedian) -- Filipino actor, comedian and vaudevillian
Wikipedia - Toi (band) -- Filipino indie musical band
Wikipedia - Tokneneng -- Filipino street food
Wikipedia - Tomas Gonzales -- Filipino actor and stand-up comedian
Wikipedia - Tomas Joson III -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Tomas OsmeM-CM-1a -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Tomaso Spinola -- Doge of the Republic of Genoa
Wikipedia - Tom Cunanan -- Filipino American chef
Wikipedia - Tommy Abuel -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tommy Esguerra -- Filipino-American actor
Wikipedia - Tom Olivar -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tom Ong -- Filipino sports shooter
Wikipedia - Tom Rodriguez -- Filipino actor and singer
Wikipedia - Toni Leviste -- Filipino equestrian
Wikipedia - Toni Rivero -- Filipino taekwondo practitioner
Wikipedia - Toni Rose Gayda -- Filipino actress
Wikipedia - Tonton Gutierrez -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tonton Landicho -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tony Camonte -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tony Dantes -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tony Ferrer -- Filipino actor
Wikipedia - Tootsie Guevarra -- Filipino recording artist, actress, and television host
Wikipedia - Top Junk -- Filipino band, dance-punk
Wikipedia - Top One Project -- Filipino boy band
Wikipedia - Toto, Peppino and the Fanatics -- 1958 film
Wikipedia - Trina Belamide -- Filipino songwriter and record producer
Wikipedia - Trinidad Pardo de Tavera -- Filipino historian (1857-1925)
Wikipedia - Trinity Ordona -- Filipino-American teacher and activist
Wikipedia - Troadio Galicano -- Filipino Visayan Senator, Congressman, and General in Philippine-American War
Wikipedia - Tropical Depression (band) -- Filipino reggae band
Wikipedia - Tshomlee Go -- Filipino taekwondo practitioner
Wikipedia - Tucao Mastura -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Tuesday Vargas -- Filipino actress, singer and comedian
Wikipedia - Tuhog -- 2013 Filipino dark comedy film directed by Veronica Velasco
Wikipedia - Tupay Loong -- Filipino politician
Wikipedia - Turbo Goth -- Filipino electronic rock duo
Wikipedia - Turon (food) -- Sweet dish from Filipino cuisine
Wikipedia - Turumba -- 1983 Filipino film
Wikipedia - TV Patrol -- Filipino newscast currently airing on ABS-CBN
Wikipedia - Typecast (band) -- Filipino rock band
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Augusto Pinochet ::: Born: November 25, 1915; Died: December 10, 2006; Occupation: Former President of Chile;
Baruch Spinoza ::: Born: November 24, 1632; Died: February 21, 1677; Occupation: Philosopher;
Jesse Robredo ::: Born: May 27, 1958; Died: August 18, 2012; Occupation: Filipino statesman;
Chris Espinosa ::: Born: 1962;
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Goodreads author - Baruch_Spinoza
Goodreads author - Joshua_Jennifer_Espinoza
Goodreads author - Manuel_Josae_Cepeda_Espinosa
Goodreads author - Albert_Espinosa
Goodreads author - Javier_Espinosa
Goodreads author - Darya_Pino_Rose
Goodreads author - Robert_Repino
Goodreads author - Hector_L_Espinosa
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https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#About_Spinoza
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Bibliography
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Biography
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#By_Spinoza
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Controversial_ideas_and_Jewish_reaction
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Dutch_Port_cities_as_sites_of_free_thought
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Early_life_and_career
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Ethical_philosophy
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#External_links
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Family_origins
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Later_life_and_career
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Modern_relevance
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Notes
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Panentheist.2C_Pantheist.2C_or_Atheist.3F
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Philosophy
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Spinoza_and_Deep_Ecology
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza#Substance.2C_Attributes_and_Modes
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/File:Spinoza.jpg
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/File:Spinoza_Tractatus_Theologico-Politicus.jpg
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Miracle#Baruch_Spinoza.27s_view_of_miracles
https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Talk:Baruch_Spinoza
Kheper - Spinoza -- 24
Kheper - Spinozism_and_Christianity -- 27
http://malankazlev.com/kheper/topics/western/Spinoza/index.html -- 0
Integral World - Rationality as well as spirituality, Wilber, Spinoza and ontological presuppositions, Toon van Eijk
selforum - platonic spirit of spinoza
selforum - lucretius spinoza whitehead and deleuze
Psychology Wiki - Baruch_Spinoza
Psychology Wiki - Spinoza
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - spinoza-attributes
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - spinoza-modal
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - spinoza-physics
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - spinoza-political
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - spinoza-psychological
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - spinoza
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https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Category:Filipinos
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https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/File:Spinoza.jpg
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https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Filipinos
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Megan_Rapinoe
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https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Spinoza
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Pinocchio_(1996_film)
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/User:Spinoziano
Count Duckula (1988 - 1992) - Count Duckula was another one of the early Nicktoons when Nickelodeon was still new, it was created by Cosgrove-Hall Productions the same animated company that brought us Bananaman and it is the official spinoff to another Cosgrove-Hall successful smash hit TV series Danger Mouse.
I Am Weasel (1997 - 2000) - This was a side-show for the animated series Cow and Chicken, and later became a full spinoff. The episodes usually involve I.R. Baboon doing his best to out-class I.M. Weasel, and failing. Then Weasel fixes Baboon's mess, inadvertently making himself look even better.
Nickelodeon SNICK (1992 - 2005) - A block that used to air saturday nights from 8pm-10pm back when Nickelodeon was in its prime. Near the end it was showing very few of the classic SNICK shows. In 2001 a spinoff block titled TeeNick aired sunday nights but however in spring 2004 TeeNick snagged SNICK's lineup.
Its Punky Brewster! (1985 - 1989) - An animated spinoff from the popular Punky Brewster live action sitcom. In it, Punky is once again a young girl, only this time she meets a magical furry creature that looks vaguely like an Ewok, named Glommer. Glommer is a fairytale creature that lives inside of the end of the rainbow with othes...
The Ropers (1979 - 1980) - In this spinoff, the Ropers moved from their apartment in "Three's Company" to live in the upmarket community of Cheviot Hills, where the social-climbing Helen struggled to fit in with her neighbors. Stanley made little attempt to fit in with the standards of the community, thereby causing Helen muc...
Flo (1980 - 1981) - In this "Alice" spinoff, Flo(Polly Holliday) moves to Texas and opens her own roadhouse.
Fish (1977 - 1978) - Barney Miller spinoff in which Detective Phil Fish(Abe Vigoda) and his wife Bernice(Florence Stanley)adopt five children(including Todd Bridges of "Different Strokes"and Denise Miller of"Archie Bunker's Place").
Play with Me Sesame (2002 - 2007) - Play with Me Sesame is a spinoff of Sesame Street produced by and for Noggin. (Back in 2002, Noggin was co-owned by Sesame Workshop and Nickelodeon.) The show is an interactive series featuring Ernie, Bert, Grover, and Prairie Dawn. Every episode has regular segments including Bert's Computer, Ernie...
Boomerang From Cartoon Network (1992 - Current) - A channel that shows both retro cartoon shows and a mixture of modern spinoffs of those retro shows that the channel airs.
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1976 - 1995) - ( Pinocchio Yori Piccolino no Boken)
Gladiators 2000 (1994 - 1994) - Gladiators 2000 was a spinoff television show of American Gladiators. It was co-hosted by 13-year-old Maria Sansone (later Valarie Rae Miller) and 20-year-old Ryan Seacrest. It premiered in 1994 and was syndicated nationwide weekly. In Gladiators 2000, child competitors would team up with an America...
Magical Girl Pretty Sammy (1995 - 1997) - Yet another spinoff from the Tenchi Muyo series, the storyline in this show is a bit different. Sasami Jurai (named different from Kawai in the original Tenchi) becomes queen of the world of Juraihelm and gains magical powers to stop an evil magical girl. Sasami becomes Pretty Sammy in order to use...
Gloria (1982 - 1983) - Sally Struthers,Burgess Meredith,and Jo deWinter,star in this short lived spinoff of"All In The Family".After her husband leaves her,to join a commune,Gloria Stivic (Struthers)tries to pick up the pieces of her life.Gloria moves back to New York,with her young son Joey,to be close to her father .Sh...
The Art of Being Nick (1987 - 1987) - A spinoff of "Family Ties" revolving around Mallory's boyfriend Nick Moore(Scott Valentine).Only the pilot episode aired,despite strong ratings,NBC decided to keep the Nick character on"Family Ties".
Attack on Titan: Junior High (2015 - 2015) - The parody/spinoff re-imagines Eren, Mikasa, Armin, and other characters from the original manga as students and teachers at Titan Junior High School.
Holby City (1999) (1999 - Current) - This British medical dramatic soap is a spinoff the British medical dramatic soap: "Casualty."
The Bill Dana Show (1963 - 1965) - This NBC spinoff of "The Danny Thomas Show" featured the character of Jose Jiminez, a nasally sounding Latin American bellhop at a New York hotel.
DTV2 (1993 - 1997) - A spinoff the Disney Channel bumper: DTV. It was possibly a spoof of MTV2. This continued on until 1997 when The Disney Channel stop being uncut and commercial free.
Pinocchio (Tatsunoko/Harmony Gold/Saban) (1972 - 1992) - In 1972 came the very first Tatsunoko Japanese version.
Sesamstraat (1976 - Current) - "Sesamstraat" is the Dutch co-production of "Sesame Street". The characters include Pino the bird, Tommie the dog, Ieniemienie the mouse, and Purk, the baby pig.
Sealab 2021 (2000 - 2005) - Sealab 2021 was a cartoon series that aired on Adult Swim (Program block on Cartoon Network), It was a spinoff of Sealab 2020. It was about a submarine lab run by Captain Hazel Hank Murphy (and later Captain Bellerophon Tornado Shanks). After Harry Goz died, Captain Hazel Hank Murphy was killed off...
Billy (1992 - 1992) - Billy Connolly reprises his role of Billy MacGregor,in this"Head of The Class"spinoff.Billy leaves New York,and moves to Berkley,California.To avoid getting deported,Billy marries(arranged marriage)a widow woman with 3 kids.The show lasted only half a season on ABC.
Women of the House (1994 - 1994) - Women of the House was a spinoff of "Designing Women" that aired on CBS starring Delta Burke as Suzanne Sugarbaker with Teri Garr, Patricia Heaton, Valerie Mahaffey, Lisa Rieffel, and William M. Newman. 13 episodes were produced but only 9 aired on CBS--Lifetime aired all thirteen episodes in syndi...
Day By Day (1988 - 1989) - Douglas Sheehan,Linda Kelsey,Courtney Thorne Smith,and Julia Louis-Dreyfus,star in this short lived spinoff of"Family Ties".Brian Harper(Sheehan) was a stockbroker,and his wife Kate(Linda Kelsey) was a lawyer.After the birth of their second child,the couple leave their jobs,and open a daycare center...
The Tortellis (1987 - 1987) - "Cheers" spinoff revolving around Carla's loutish ex husband Nick (Dan Hedaya) and his ditzy new wife Loretta (Jean Kasem).
Centerville (1999 - 1999) - A short lived spinoff of Mrs. Munger's Class but not in a yearbook setting. It features kids who attend a school in the fictional town of Centerville.
Puzzle & Dragons X (2016 - 2018) - a spinoff of the mobile game Puzzle & Dragons for the Nintendo 3DS by GungHo Online Entertainment. It was released in two versions simultaneously on July 28, 2016, named the Gods Chapter () and the Dragons Chapter (). An anime adaptation by the studio Pierrot began airing on July 4, 2016.The s...
Dora and Friends: Into the City (2014 - 2017) - Sequel spinoff of Dora the Explorer
Thus Spoke Kishibe Rohan (2017 - 2019) - A popular manga creator becomes enmeshed in paranormal events while conducting research: Stand User Kishibe Rohan visits Italy, goes bankrupt and more. It's the spinoff of Araki's JoJo's Bizarre Adventure takes on Part 4's Diamond is Unbreakable.
The Adventures of Kid Danger (2018 - 2018) - An animated spinoff off the mega-popular show "Henry Danger". It details the animated adventures of Kid Danger and Captain Man as they fight various villains and threats to Swellview.
Pinocchio's Revenge(1996) - Defense attorney Jennifer Garrick gets ahold of a Pinocchio puppet from a convited serial killer. Her daughter, Zoe, mistakes the puppet as a birthday present and becomes attached to te doll. However, accidents starts to happen with whoever crosses Zoe's way and she claims it's the doll, but no one...
Pinocchio(1940) - While the kindly toymaker Geppetto sleeps, a blue fairy brings his beloved marionette Pinocchio to life, beginning a fantastic odyssey that will test the wooden puppet's bravery, loyalty, and honesty-virtues he must learn to become a real boy. Despite the warnings of his wise friend, Jiminy Cricket,...
Pinocchio & The Emperor of the Night(1987) - Pinocchio and the Emperor of The Night is an animated feature film that was released in December 1987. It should not be confused with the acclaimed classic 1940 film Pinocchio by Walt Disney. Running for 87 minutes and created by the now-defunct Filmation Studios, the film has gained mixed reviews f...
Silent Night, Deadly Night 5: The Toymaker(1991) - In this horror film, malicious toymaker Joe Petto (Mickey Rooney) and his creepy son, Pino (Brian Bremer), terrorize the residents of a small town with the deadly toys they create. After her husband is killed by one of Petto's toys, Sarah (Jane Higginson) and her troubled son Derek (William Thorne)...
Household Saints(1993) - Household Saints is a leisurely-paced portrait of three different generations of working-class, New York-based, Italian women. Carmela Santangelo (Judith Malina) is an elderly immigrant whose son (Vincent D'Onofrio) wins a wife, Catherine Falconetti (Tracey Ullman), during a pinochle game. The pair...
On Dangerous Ground(1951) - An angry,cynical, big city cop(Robert Ryan)meets a beautiful blind woman(Ida Lupino) who changes his life for the better.
Scared Shrekless(2010) - A half-hour Halloween special set after "Shrek Forever After" that aired on NBC in 2010. It is Halloween night, and Shrek's family is celebrating by scaring trick-or-treaters. Inside their house, Donkey, Puss, Pinocchio, the Three Little Pigs, Big Bad Wolf, and Gingy fail to scare the ogres, and Shr...
They Drive By Night(1940) - They Drive by Night is a 1940 black-and-white film noir starring George Raft, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino, and Humphrey Bogart, and directed by Raoul Walsh. The picture involves a pair of embattled truck drivers and was released in the UK under the title The Road to Frisco. The film was based on A. I....
High Sierra(1941) - High Sierra is a 1941 early heist film and film noir written by W.R. Burnett and John Huston from the novel by Burnett. The movie features Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart and was directed by Raoul Walsh on location at Whitney Portal, halfway up Mount Whitney in the Sierra Nevad
Pinocchio(2002) - After a magical log of wood lands outside the shop of a woodcarver named Geppetto, he carves the block out into a puppet which he names Pinocchio. The puppet comes to live and begins acting mischievously. He refuses to go to school instead going on naughty adventures such as burying his money in the...
Deadpool(2016) - Wade Wilson hunts the man who gave him mutant abilities and a scarred physical appearance, becoming the beloved antihero Deadpool. A spinoff of the "X-Men" series that puts the focus on the main villain Deadpool.
Deadpool 2(2018) - Deadpool forms the X-Force to protect a young mutant from the time-traveling soldier Cable. A spinoff of the "X-Men" series that also had a PG-13 version called "Once Upon a Deadpool".
https://myanimelist.net/anime/10834/Baka_to_Test_to_Shoukanjuu__Spinout_Sore_ga_Bokura_no_Nichijou --
https://myanimelist.net/anime/2567/Pinocchio_yori_Piccolino_no_Bouken --
https://myanimelist.net/anime/4070/Black_Jack__Dr_Pinoko_no_Mori_no_Bouken -- Comedy
https://myanimelist.net/manga/25637/Baka_to_Test_to_Shoukanjuu_Spinout__Sore_ga_Bokura_no_Nichijou
https://myanimelist.net/manga/58145/Pinocchio
Californication ::: TV-MA | 28min | Comedy, Drama | TV Series (20072014) -- A writer tries to juggle his career, his relationship with his daughter and his ex-girlfriend, as well as his appetite for beautiful women. Creator: Tom Kapinos
Child 44 (2015) ::: 6.5/10 -- R | 2h 17min | Crime, Drama, History | 17 April 2015 (Canada) -- A disgraced member of the Russian military police investigates a series of child murders during the Stalin-era Soviet Union. Director: Daniel Espinosa Writers: Richard Price (screenplay), Tom Rob Smith (novel)
Grown-ish ::: TV-14 | 22min | Comedy, Drama | TV Series (2018 ) -- A spinoff of ABC's "Black-ish," Zoey Johnson is off to college and must live outside the nest, dealing with drugs, sex, and relationships along the way. Creators:
Ilo Ilo (2013) ::: 7.3/10 -- Not Rated | 1h 39min | Drama | 29 August 2013 (Singapore) -- In 90s Singapore, the friendship between Filipino nursemaid Teresa and her young charge Jiale makes waves in a family, while the Asian recession hits the region. Director: Anthony Chen Writer:
Life (2017) ::: 6.6/10 -- R | 1h 44min | Horror, Sci-Fi, Thriller | 24 March 2017 (USA) -- A team of scientists aboard the International Space Station discover a rapidly evolving life form that caused extinction on Mars and now threatens all life on Earth. Director: Daniel Espinosa Writers:
Mammoth (2009) ::: 6.8/10 -- Not Rated | 2h 5min | Drama, Romance | 23 January 2009 (Sweden) -- While on a trip to Thailand, a successful American businessman tries to radically change his life. Back in New York, his wife and daughter find their relationship with their live-in Filipino maid changing around them. At the same time, in the Philippines, the maid's family struggles to deal with her absence. Director: Lukas Moodysson
On Dangerous Ground (1951) ::: 7.3/10 -- Approved | 1h 22min | Drama, Film-Noir | 1952 (UK) -- Rough city cop Jim Wilson is disciplined by his captain and is sent upstate, to a snowy mountain town, to help the local sheriff solve a murder case. Directors: Nicholas Ray, Ida Lupino (uncredited) Writers:
Pinocchio (1940) ::: 7.4/10 -- G | 1h 28min | Animation, Comedy, Family | 23 February 1940 (USA) -- A living puppet, with the help of a cricket as his conscience, must prove himself worthy to become a real boy. Directors: Norman Ferguson, T. Hee | 5 more credits Writers: Carlo Collodi (from the story by) (as Collodi), Ted Sears (story
Pinocchio (1940) ::: 7.4/10 -- G | 1h 28min | Animation, Comedy, Family | 23 February 1940 (USA) -- A living puppet, with the help of a cricket as his conscience, must prove himself worthy to become a real boy. Directors: Norman Ferguson, T. Hee | 5 more credits Writers: Carlo Collodi (from the story by) (as Collodi), Ted Sears (story
Safe House (2012) ::: 6.7/10 -- R | 1h 55min | Action, Thriller | 10 February 2012 (USA) -- A young CIA agent is tasked with looking after a fugitive in a safe house. But when the safe house is attacked, he finds himself on the run with his charge. Director: Daniel Espinosa Writer:
Scent of a Woman (1992) ::: 8.0/10 -- R | 2h 36min | Drama | 8 January 1993 (USA) -- A prep school student needing money agrees to "babysit" a blind man, but the job is not at all what he anticipated. Director: Martin Brest Writers: Giovanni Arpino (novel), Bo Goldman (screenplay) | 2 more credits
Snabba Cash (2010) ::: 6.7/10 -- Snabba cash (original title) -- Snabba Cash Poster -- When JW becomes a drug runner in order to maintain his double life, his fate becomes tied to two other men: Jorge, a fugitive on the run from both the Serbian mafia and the police, and mafia enforcer Mrado, who is on the hunt for Jorge. Director: Daniel Espinosa (as Danil Espinosa)
Station 19 ::: TV-14 | 1h | Action, Drama, Romance | TV Series (2018 ) -- This spinoff of the critically acclaimed show Grey's Anatomy follows the lives of the men and women of firehouse station 19 in Seattle, Washington. Creator:
The Bigamist (1953) ::: 6.8/10 -- Approved | 1h 20min | Drama, Film-Noir | 3 December 1953 (USA) -- A man secretly married to two women feels the pressure of his deceit. Director: Ida Lupino Writers: Lawrence B. Marcus (story) (as Larry Marcus), Lou Schor (story) | 1 more credit Stars:
The Game ::: TV-14 | 21min | Comedy, Drama, Romance | TV Series (20062015) -- A spinoff of Girlfriends (2000) featuring a group of women who all have relationships with professional football players. Creator: Mara Brock Akil
The Hitch-Hiker (1953) ::: 7.0/10 -- Approved | 1h 11min | Crime, Drama, Film-Noir | 29 April 1953 (Italy) -- Two fishermen pick up a psychotic escaped convict who tells them that he intends to murder them when the ride is over. Director: Ida Lupino Writers: Collier Young (screenplay), Ida Lupino (screenplay) | 1 more credit Stars:
The Trouble with Angels (1966) ::: 7.4/10 -- PG | 1h 52min | Comedy, Family | 30 March 1966 (USA) -- Two high-spirited young students at St. Francis Academy keep things hopping for the challenged Mother Superior and her staff of bewildered Sisters. Director: Ida Lupino Writers:
Yu-Gi-Oh! GX ::: TV-PG | 30min | Animation, Action, Adventure | TV Series (20042008) -- A semi-spinoff of the popular Yu-Gi-Oh anime series, focusing on a boy named Jaden and his misadventures as a student at an esteemed Duel Monsters academy. Creator:
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https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Angelo_Espinosa_(Earth-616)
https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Angelo_Espinosa_(Earth-616)?
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https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Pablo_Espinosa
https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Pinocchio
https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Richard_Espinoza
https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Spinoza
https://memory-beta.fandom.com/wiki/Carlos_Pino
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https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Helder_Spinoza
https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Pinoora
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https://yurionice.fandom.com/wiki/Michele_Crispino
https://yurionice.fandom.com/wiki/Sara_Crispino
Black Jack -- -- Tezuka Productions -- 12 eps -- Manga -- Drama Mystery Psychological Thriller -- Black Jack Black Jack -- Kuroo Hazama, also known as "Black Jack," is a legend in the medical world. Famous for being one of the best, as well as not having a license, Hazama and his assistant Pinoko save countless lives that other doctors cannot... for a price; an exorbitant price, in fact, which causes many to view the genius as greedy and heartless. Despite these claims, however, none can deny his skill and the lengths that he will go to treat his patients. This dark medical drama tells the story of the ominous and mysterious world of underground medicine as Black Jack risks his life to cure some of the most bizarre diseases imaginable, even if it means breaking every law in the process. -- -- -- Licensor: -- Central Park Media -- OVA - Dec 21, 1993 -- 31,096 7.73
Black Jack (TV) -- -- Tezuka Productions -- 61 eps -- Manga -- Drama -- Black Jack (TV) Black Jack (TV) -- Black Jack is an "unregistered" doctor with a clouded, mysterious past. He works with his little assistant Pinoko (who has a massive crush on the doctor), dealing with medical cases not very well known, which can be strange, dangerous, or not known at all. But he is a genius, and can save almost any of his patients' life (as long as they have the money for it, that is), and is known to many around the world, especially to those of medicine and science. He's a man of science himself, and does not believe much until he has seen it, yet it is many times he is surprised by love and nature often overpowering the science he bases his life in. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- 28,237 7.61
Ergo Proxy -- -- Manglobe -- 23 eps -- Original -- Psychological Mystery Sci-Fi -- Ergo Proxy Ergo Proxy -- Within the domed city of Romdo lies one of the last human civilizations on Earth. Thousands of years ago, a global ecological catastrophe doomed the planet; now, life outside these domes is virtually impossible. To expedite mankind's recovery, "AutoReivs," humanoid-like robots, have been created to assist people in their day-to-day lives. However, AutoReivs have begun contracting an enigmatic disease called the "Cogito Virus" which grants them self-awareness. Re-l Mayer, granddaughter of Romdo's ruler, is assigned to investigate this phenomenon alongside her AutoReiv partner Iggy. But what begins as a routine investigation quickly spirals into a conspiracy as Re-l is confronted by humanity's darkest sins. -- -- Elsewhere in Romdo, an AutoReiv specialist by the name of Vincent Law must also face his demons when surreal events begin occurring around him. Re-l, Iggy, Vincent, and the child AutoReiv named Pino, will form an unlikely faction as they struggle to uncover Romdo's mysteries and ultimately, discover the true purpose of the mythical beings called "Proxies." -- -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation, Geneon Entertainment USA -- 494,821 7.92
Lupin the IIIrd: Jigen Daisuke no Bohyou -- -- Telecom Animation Film -- 1 ep -- Manga -- Action Adventure Drama Seinen -- Lupin the IIIrd: Jigen Daisuke no Bohyou Lupin the IIIrd: Jigen Daisuke no Bohyou -- The film will be a continuation spinoff of the 2012 "Lupin III: The Woman Called Fujiko Mine" television anime series. -- -- Lupin and Jigen have their sights set on a treasure worth stealing called the Little Comet which is located in the country of East Doroa. The country has fortified its border after a singer named Queen Malta got assassinated in the neighboring country of West Doroa upon visit. -- -- Despite the two countries being enemies, Lupin and Jigen still plan to steal the treasure. During the heist, Jigen almost got killed by a skilled sniper named Yael Okuzaki. His specialty is preparing tombstones for his targets before executing his kills. Its said that no one has survived after Yael makes a grave for that target. -- -- (Source: ANN) -- -- Licensor: -- Discotek Media -- Movie - Jun 21, 2014 -- 21,064 7.82
Puchimas!: Petit iDOLM@STER -- -- Gathering -- 64 eps -- 4-koma manga -- Comedy Slice of Life -- Puchimas!: Petit iDOLM@STER Puchimas!: Petit iDOLM@STER -- From the popular game "THE IDOLM@STER", comes a petit spinoff cute and soothing 4-koma! The setting is the same 765 Production from the games. One day, 765 Pro idols Ami and Mami bring in the mysterious Petit-dols "Afuu" and "Yukipo"!? More and more Petit-dols gather at the offices where everyone works. Leisurely enjoy their daily lives full of laughs and happenings. -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- ONA - Jan 1, 2013 -- 12,405 7.14
Tamayura no Yume -- -- - -- 1 ep -- Original -- Psychological Drama -- Tamayura no Yume Tamayura no Yume -- A girl is informed by her doctor that she is pregnant. Surprised by the unexpected announcement, falls into an anguish. The fleeting dream is a despairing dream. -- -- (Source: Geidai Animation) -- Movie - ??? ??, 2011 -- 292 N/A -- -- Byulbyul Iyagi 2 -- -- - -- 6 eps -- - -- Psychological Drama -- Byulbyul Iyagi 2 Byulbyul Iyagi 2 -- This film consists of 6 animated shorts produced by the Human Rights Commission of Korea. Like the previous movie, the stories deal with seeing the world through the eyes of people who are different from social norms. The film was nominated for Best Animated Feature in 2008 from the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. -- -- 1. "The Third Wish” (AN Dong-hui, RYU Jeong-wu). A fairy godmother appears before a visually impaired young woman to grant her three wishes. But this is no fairytale. The irritable middle-aged fairy wants to finish her job as soon as possible. Yet she proves to be helpful as she leads the woman through a busy marketplace, which is delightfully reminiscent of "Amelie". But it's no walk in the park, as busy urbanites show no consideration for our protagonist. Yet she prevails through obstacles. With a walking stick, she taps together the heels of her shiny new shoes and follows the "yellow brick road" (guiding tiles for the visually impaired) around the city. -- -- 2. "Ajukari” (HONG Deok-pyo) is a street-style cartoon. It comically depicts how a certain macho "complex" can cripple men. Male circumcision becomes the ultimate standard for being "manly" and those who have failed to do the deed are forever fearful of going to public baths. -- -- 3. "Baby" (LEE Hong-su, LEE Hong-min) portrays the difficulties a career woman faces in having a child. "I'm not saying you can't have maternity leave, but can you afford to raise a child while working?" asks her boss. This smart story portrays everything from mother and daughter-in-law relationships to a parody of "Tazza: The High Rollers" and hilarious episodes where an "ambulance bus" picks up several patients en route. -- -- 4. "Shine Shine Shining" (KWON Mi-jeong) is drawn like a warm, watercolor storybook for children. Grade schooler Eun-jin is smart and popular, but she has a secret. She hides her curly hair, which she gets from her Filipino mother, in braids. -- -- 5. "Merry Golasmas" is an adorable claymation, or stop motion animation of models constructed from clay, plasticine, etc. It explores physical discrimination or stereotypes. In an open audition to find a Santa Claus, the real Santas ― one who's black, another who's Asian, a female Santa and one in a wheelchair ― lose to a fake Santa, a pot-bellied, Caucasian. -- -- 6. “Lies" explores homosexuality. Drawn in pastel-like sketches with art deco-esque details, it is a stunning digital cut-out animation, A homosexual man is forced by his parents to marry a woman, while others are pressured to fake having a girlfriend or receive "therapy" to become straight. -- -- (Source: The Korean Times) -- Movie - Apr 17, 2008 -- 257 N/A -- -- Hyoutan -- -- - -- 1 ep -- - -- Psychological -- Hyoutan Hyoutan -- Independent animation by Suzuki Shin'ichi. -- Movie - ??? ??, 1976 -- 252 N/A -- -- Pianoman Trailer -- -- Echoes -- 1 ep -- Original -- Music Psychological -- Pianoman Trailer Pianoman Trailer -- Trailer for Echoes' PIANOMAN with original animation that was not reused in the resulting short film. -- ONA - Dec 28, 2017 -- 243 5.41
World Destruction: Sekai Bokumetsu no Rokunin -- -- Production I.G -- 13 eps -- Game -- Adventure Fantasy -- World Destruction: Sekai Bokumetsu no Rokunin World Destruction: Sekai Bokumetsu no Rokunin -- Spinoff based on the Nintendo DS RPG game by SEGA, released in Japan July, 2008. -- -- In a world where humans serve as livestock for the ruling beastman, and where sand fills the roles of water and fire. Kyrie is recruited by the "World Destruction Committee" to assist in putting an end to their world. Kyrie alone holds the power needed to do it. -- -- (Source: AniDB) -- -- Licensor: -- Funimation -- TV - Jul 8, 2008 -- 47,301 6.97
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1980 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1982 PBA Reinforced Filipino Conference Finals
1983 PBA Reinforced Filipino Conference Finals
1984 PBA Second All-Filipino Conference Finals
1985 PBA All-Filipino Conference
1985 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1986 PBA All-Filipino Conference
1986 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1987 PBA All-Filipino Conference
1987 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1988 PBA All-Filipino Conference
1988 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1989 PBA All-Filipino Conference
1989 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1990 PBA All-Filipino Conference
1990 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1991 PBA All-Filipino Conference
1991 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1992 PBA All-Filipino Conference
1992 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals
1st Filipino Infantry Regiment
2013 Monteforte Irpino bus crash
2-Carbomethoxytropinone
2nd Filipino Infantry Regiment
964 Pinocchio
Aaron Cupino
Acaiu spinosus
Acanthemblemaria spinosa
Acanthocardia spinosa
Acanthus spinosus
Acratosaura spinosa
Agama caudospinosa
Agostino Spinola
Agripino Nez Collado
Agustn Canapino
Ahymara Espinoza
Ako ay Pilipino
Alberto Espinoza Barrn
Alejandra Espinoza
Alexander Espinoza
Allocasuarina spinosissima
Alonso de Espinosa
Alpino
Alpino-class frigate
Alpinorum auxiliary regiments
Alto del Espino
lvaro Espinoza
lvaro Pino
Amado Espino Jr.
Amaranthus spinosus
Ambrogio Calepino
Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquess of Los Balbases
Amour & Intrim (Lapinot)
Anagabriela Espinoza
Ancient Filipino diet and health
Andrea Cesalpino
Andrea Pino
Andrs Espinosa
ngela Mara Espinosa
Angel Espinosa
Anthidium septemspinosum
Anti-Filipino sentiment
Antipino, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast
Antnio Campinos
Antonio Castejn Espinosa
Antonio Vzquez de Espinosa
Apomempsoides trispinosa
A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino
Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard (Filippino Lippi)
Aralia spinosa
Argyresthia spinosella
Ariano Irpino
Ariano Irpino Cathedral
Arpino
Asenso Pinoy
Aspergillus spinosus
A. spinosa
Aspinothoracidi
Augusto Espinosa Valderrama
Augusto Pinochet
Aurelio Espinosa Plit
Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Jr.
Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr.
Aurora (2018 Filipino film)
Autilla del Pino
Babelomurex spinosus
Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po!
Banco Filipino
Baruch Spinoza
Batang Pinoy
Bathyfautor multispinosus
Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros
Battle of Kampinos Forest
Blosyropus spinosus
Boletus pinophilus
Borgo Giuseppino
Boyfriends (Filipino band)
Bristowia heterospinosa
BRP Filipino Flojo (PC-386)
B. spinosa
Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino
Bursaria spinosa
Cadempino
Calicotome spinosa
Calore Irpino
Camilo Pino
Campino (singer)
Cane Lupino del Gigante
Capinota
Capinota Province
Capparis spinosa subsp. nummularia
Cappello Alpino
Captain Philippines at Boy Pinoy
Carex vulpinoidea
Carla Espinosa
Carlos Espinosa de los Monteros y Bernaldo de Quirs
Carlos Espinoza
Cartoon Network (Filipino TV channel)
Casas de los Pinos
Casas de Los Pinos Solar Power Plant
CashCashPinoy
Catechism for Filipino Catholics
Category:Filipino serial killers
Catunaregam spinosa
Ceanothus spinosus
Celedonio Espinosa
Centroberyx spinosus
Cephetola pinodes
Csar Espinoza
Chapinophis
Charadrahyla pinorum
Charles Pinot Duclos
Charles Spinola
Chelon bispinosus
Chepino Valley
Chinese Filipino
Chionodraco rastrospinosus
Choeroichthys latispinosus
Chorizanthe spinosa
Chris Espinosa
Ciampino
CiampinoG. B. Pastine International Airport
Cinco Pinos
Cioppino
Cirsium spinosissimum
Cisalpino
Citharexylum spinosum
Citizen Pinoy
Clithon spinosum
Club Alpino Italiano
Cnesteboda spinosa
Cohors I Alpinorum
Cohors I Alpinorum equitata
Cohors I Alpinorum peditata
Cohors II Alpinorum equitata
Cohors III Alpinorum equitata
Colobometra perspinosa
Commission on Filipinos Overseas
Commission on the Filipino Language
Confederation of Filipino Workers
Controversies surrounding Pinoy Big Brother
Crispino Agostinucci (general)
Crispino e la comare
Cristoval Royas de Spinola
Crucibulum spinosum
C. spinosa
C. spinosus
Cutberto Cantorn Espinosa
CVV 7 Pinocchio
Cyclopinodes elegans
Cylindropuntia spinosior
Cyttaria espinosae
Czopino
Czopino Lighthouse
Daniel Espino
Daniel Espinosa
Danny Pino
David Spinozza
Death of Rolando Espinosa
Delpinolla
Demographics of Filipino Americans
Denis Espinoza
Dennis Espino
Departmental Museum of archaeology Gilort (Jrme) Carcopino
Deportivo Pinoz
Diceratias bispinosus
Dichomeris tapinostola
Didymella pinodella
Didymella pinodes
Dirac spinor
Disney's My Son Pinocchio: Geppetto's Musical Tale
Dolichoderus bispinosus
Dominion (Filipino band)
Donacoscaptes pinosa
Dorcadion spinolae
Douglas James Scalapino
Draft:DIVAS (Filipino girl group)
Draft:Untitled Chuckles spinoff film
Dromogomphus spinosus
D. spinosa
Echinops spinosissimus
Ectoedemia spinosella
Eden Espinosa
Edmond Papinot
Eduardo del Pino Vicente
Eduardo Pacheco (Filipino sportsman)
Elena Espinosa
El Espino
El Espino, Boyac
Elas Pino Iturrieta
Elizabeth Espinosa
Elliptio spinosa
El Pepino tree frog
El Pino
El Pino & the Volunteers
El Pino de Tormes
El Pino, Dominican Republic
El Pino Lake
Embutido (Filipino cuisine)
Emmett Toppino
Eotapinoma
Epinomis
pinonville
Epinotia
Epinotia absconditana
Epinotia bicolor
Epinotia brunnichana
Epinotia cedricida
Epinotia contrariana
Epinotia cruciana
Epinotia demarniana
Epinotia exquisitana
Epinotia festivana
Epinotia granitalis
Epinotia immundana
Epinotia lindana
Epinotia maculana
Epinotia majorana
Epinotia mercuriana
Epinotia meritana
Epinotia nanana
Epinotia nemorivaga
Epinotia nisella
Epinotia pentagonana
Epinotia pinicola
Epinotia pygmaeana
Epinotia radicana
Epinotia ramella
Epinotia rasdolnyana
Epinotia rubiginosana
Epinotia rubricana
Epinotia signatana
Epinotia solandriana
Epinotia sotipena
Epinotia tenerana
Epinotia tetraquetrana
Epinotia thapsiana
Epinotia trigonella
Epinotia trossulana
Epinotia vertumnana
pinouze
pinoy
Epitheca spinosa
Eric Pino
Erik Espinosa
Ermes Espinosa Veloz
Ernesto Daz Espinoza
Eryngium spinosepalum
Espino
Espino, Aasco, Puerto Rico
Espino de la Orbada
Espino, Lares, Puerto Rico
Espino, Las Maras, Puerto Rico
E. spinosa
Espinosa de Cerrato
Espinosa de Cervera
Espinosa de Henares
Espinosa del Camino
Espinosa de los Caballeros
Espinosa de los Monteros
Espinosa de Villagonzalo
Espinosa, Dorado, Puerto Rico
Espino, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico
Espinosa (surname)
Espinosa, Vega Alta, Puerto Rico
Espinoso del Rey
Espinoza
Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
Essie Pinola Parrish
Estadio Cerro del Espino
Estadio Hctor Espino
Esteban Espinosa
Ethics (Spinoza book)
Eugenia Del Pino
Eugenio de Espinosa
Euphorbia nigrispinoides
Euspinolia militaris
Expo Pilipino
Fagara mezoneurispinosa
Favites spinosa
FC Oka Stupino
Felimare espinosai
Felipe Antonio Spinola, 4th Marquis of Los Balbases
Felipe Espinosa
Ferdinando Spinola
Fermin Espinosa
Fernando Espino Arvalo
Fernando Espinoza
Fernando Martnez de Espinosa y Echeverri
Filipino
Filipino alphabet
Filipino-American art
Filipino-American cuisine
Filipino American dance
Filipino American fashion
Filipino American music
Filipino American National Historical Society
Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans and sports
Filipino American theater
Filipino Australians
Filipino Canadians
Filipino Cardinals
Filipino cartoon and animation
Filipino Chinese cuisine
Filipino community in Toronto
Filipino Cubans
Filipino cuisine
Filipino Cultural Association
Filipino domestic helpers in Canada
Filipino English
Filipino First policy
Filipino Freethinkers
Filipino German
Filipino immigration to Mexico
Filipino Indonesian
Filipino Italians
Filipino Japanese
Filipino-Japanese Friendship Landmark
Filipino Korean
Filipino language
Filipinology
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Filipino mestizo
Filipino Mirror
Filipino Monkey
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Filipino nationalism
Filipino New Zealanders
Filipino orthography
Filipino proverbs
Filipino psychology
Filipino Reporter
Filipinos
Filipino seamen
Filipino Sign Language
Filipinos in Hawaii
Filipinos in Hong Kong
Filipinos in Ireland
Filipinos in Israel
Filipinos in Japan
Filipinos in Malaysia
Filipinos in Qatar
Filipinos in South Korea
Filipinos in the Maldives
Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area
Filipinos in the United Arab Emirates
Filipinos in the United Kingdom
Filipino Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
Filipinos of Malay descent
Filipino South Korean
Filipino spaghetti
Filipino Struggles Through History
Filipino styles and honorifics
Filipino TV
Filipino values
Filipino women artists
Filipino women writers
Filippino Lippi
Filippo Spinola, 2nd Marquis of Los Balbases
Flora D. Darpino
Fox Filipino
Francesco Carpino
Francis B. Spinola
Francisco Javier Obregn Espinoza
Frdric Arpinon
Freestyle (Filipino band)
Fresno de Cantespino
Fuentelespino de Haro
Fuentelespino de Moya
Gabriel Arellano Espinosa
Gabriel de Espinosa
Gaby Espino
Gapinovo
Gastrolobium spinosum
Germn Espinosa
Geryon trispinosus
Giambattista Spinola
Giandomenico Spinola
Gigantspinosaurus
Gilbert Espinosa Chvez
Gilberto Andrs Romero Pino
Giovanni Pipino
Giovanni Pipino da Barletta
Giovanni Pipino di Altamura
Giovanny Espinoza
Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio
Glaucoclystis spinosa
Glenea apicespinosa
GMA Pinoy TV
Gmina Kampinos
Gmina Opinogra Grna
Gordaliza del Pino
Grand Prix Pino Cerami
Grapevine Pinot gris virus
Grayia spinosa
Gregorio Prestopino
Greta Espinoza
Grevillea spinosa
G. spinosa
Guillaume de Melun, Prince of Espinoy
Guillermo Espinosa Rodrguez
Hamadryas epinome
Hataw Pinoy Philippine Summer Festival
Hayde Coloso-Espino
Health of Filipino Americans
Hctor Espino
Heraldo Filipino
Hernn Espinosa
Herv Pinoteau
Hispano-Filipino
Hispanofilipino
Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles
Hormathophylla spinosa
House of Spinola
Hoyos del Espino
H. spinosa
Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile
Hyacinthe Franois Joseph Despinoy
Hyponerita pinon
Hypotrix spinosa
Ian Pino
Ibateguara spinosissima
Iglesia de San Flix (El Pino)
Ignacio Gonzlez Espinoza
Ilya Espino de Marotta
Indian Filipino
Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet
Infraspinous fascia
Ing. Fernando Espinoza Gutirrez International Airport
Insentiraja subtilispinosa
Interspinous ligament
Interspinous process decompression
Isabel Le Brun de Pinochet
Isidro de Espinosa
I. spinosa
ISRO spinoff technologies
Italian frigate Alpino (F 580)
Italian ship Alpino
Itsipino
Ivn Espinosa de los Monteros
Jack Pinoteau
Jacopino del Conte
Jacopino Scipioni
Jacqui Kapinowski
Jaime Miguel de Guzmn de Avalos y Spinola, Marquis of la Mina, Duke of Palata and Prince of Masa
Javier del Pino
Javier Espinosa
Javier Espinoza
Javier Pinola
Jean-Christophe Spinosi
Jensenia spinosa
Jrme Arpinon
Jrme Carcopino
Jernimo Jacinto de Espinosa
Jernimo Rodriguez de Espinosa
Jerry Ortiz y Pino
Jess del Pino
Jess Mara Espinosa
Joaqun del Pino
Joaquin Reyes (Filipino actor)
John Carpino
John Espinoza
John Pino
John Pinone
Jordan Espinosa
Jos Agripino Barnet
Jos Agripino Maia
Jos ngel Espinoza
Jos Aristodemo Pinotti
Jos Espinoza
Josefina Lpez Espinosa
Jose L. Espinoza
Jos Luis Espinosa
Jos Luis Espinosa Pia
Jos Mara Pino Surez
Jos Martn Espinosa de los Monteros
Jos Miguel Espinosa
Jose Moya del Pino
Joseph Crespino
Joseph de Agull i Pinos
Jos Rangel Espinosa
Jos Roberto Espinosa
Joshua Jennifer Espinoza
Jzefw, Gmina Kampinos
Juan Carlos Espinoza Mercado
Juan de Espinosa Medrano
Juan de Obregn y Espinosa
Juan de Salazar de Espinosa
Juan Javier Espinosa
Juan Pino
Julio Cesar Pino
Julio Garca Espinosa
Jnior (Filipino singer)
Junior MasterChef Pinoy Edition
Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino
Kampinos Forest
Kampinos National Park
pino
Kapino Polje Airport
Kapinov
Kapinovo
Karel Espino
Karpino Monastery
Ken Chan (Filipino actor)
Kpino
Kiepino
Kiepino, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kiwaia spinosa
Klpino
Klpino Biaogardzkie
Koeberlinia spinosa
Kolpino, Saint Petersburg
Kopino
Krzysztof Crell-Spinowski
Kupino, Novosibirsk Oblast
Kupinovo
Kupinovo (Kurumlija)
L'acclrateur atomique (Lapinot)
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino
La Bazoge-Montpinon
Landing of the first Filipinos
apino
apino Kartuskie
Latirus spinosus
empino
Lon Espinosa
Leonor Espinosa
Lettera a Pinocchio
Lisandra Espinosa
List of Chinese Filipinos
List of deployment bans on Overseas Filipino Workers
List of Filipino actresses
List of Filipino Americans
List of Filipino American sportspeople
List of Filipino beauty pageant winners
List of Filipino billionaires by net worth
List of Filipino Canadians
List of Filipino Christmas carols
List of Filipino comedians
List of Filipino current child actors
List of Filipino former child actors
List of Filipino generals in the Philippine Revolution and the PhilippineAmerican War
List of Filipino inventions and discoveries
List of Filipino records in athletics
List of Filipino records in swimming
List of Filipino saints, blesseds, and Servants of God
List of Filipino sportspeople
List of Filipino superheroes
List of Filipino women artists
List of Filipino women writers
List of Filipino writers
List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2011
List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2012
List of highest-grossing Filipino films in 2013
List of Junior MasterChef Pinoy Edition episodes
List of Pinoy Big Brother housemates
List of programs aired by Fox Filipino
List of The Sandman spinoffs
List of works by Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr.
Livio Bendaa Espinoza
Los Pinos
Los Pinos Formation
Los Pinos Peak
Lourdes Espinola
L. spinosa
Luca Spinola
Luca Pinochet
Luisa Amanda Espinoza Association of Nicaraguan Women
Luis ngel Espinoza Chzaro
Luis Eduardo Espinosa Prez
Luis Espinosa Alcal
Luisito Espinosa
Lupino
Lupinoblennius nicholsi
Lupinoblennius paivai
Lupinoblennius vinctus
Lupino family
Lupino Lane
Luppino crime family
Macrodinychus multispinosus
Madagasikara spinosa
Madonna with Child and Saints (Filippino Lippi)
Maiestas bispinosa
Maiestas trispinosus
Malayang Pagkakaisa ng Kabataang Pilipino
Malikia spinosa
Mammillaria spinosissima
Manuel Espino Barrientos
Maratn Alpino Madrileo
Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria
Marco Pino
Mara del Pino Garca Padrn
Maria del Pino y Calvo-Sotelo
Maria Espinosa
Mara Espinosa de los Monteros
Mara Espinoza
Mara Fernanda Espinosa
Marianne Espinosa
Maria Teresa Agnesi Pinottini
Mara Vernica Martnez Espinoza
Mariel Espinosa
Mario G. Pino
Mario Pino Quivira
Mark Lpez (Filipino executive)
Marriage of St. Catherine (Filippino Lippi)
Mason Espinosa
Massimo Zappino
MasterChef Pinoy Edition
Maxime D'Arpino
Maximilian Spinola
Mecynome quadrispinosus
Megan Rapinoe
Mnil-Lpinois
Mental health of Filipino Americans
Meyna spinosa
Miguel Espino
Mikrogeophagus altispinosus
Missael Espinoza
Mithrax spinosissimus
Moises R. Espinosa Airport
Monastery of San Vicente do Pino
Monoxenus bispinosus
Monrupino
Mont Pinon
Morcn (Filipino cuisine)
Morula spinosa
Mount Pinos
M. spinosa
MTV Pinoy
Myctophum spinosum
Nahm Espinoza
NASA spinoff technologies
Nassarius subspinosus
Nathalie Lupino
National Commission on Muslim Filipinos
Nayong Pilipino Clark
Nayong Pilipino Foundation
Neacomys spinosus
Nelson Molin Espino
Neoregelia 'Pinol'
Neri Espinosa
Nicols Espinoza
N. spinosa
Nysson spinosus
Oannes spinosus
Ocosia spinosa
Ocozocoautla de Espinosa
Octavio Espinosa de Ica
Odontopyxis trispinosa
Old Nayong Pilipino
Omar Espinosa
Oncoba spinosa
Ononis spinosa
Opinogra
Opinogra Dolna
Opinogra Grna
Opinogra-Kolonia
Oplonia spinosa
Orobanche pinorum
Oscar Espinosa
Oscar Espinosa Chepe
scar Pino
Ospedaletto d'Alpinolo
O. spinosa
Overseas Filipino Bank
Overseas Filipinos
Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic
Overseas Filipino Worker
Pablo Espinosa
Pact of Espino Negro
Palazzo Albertoni Spinola
Palazzo Spinola
Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
Paola Espinosa
Paolo Campinoti
Paolo Spinola, 3rd Marquis of Los Balbases
Parascombrops serratospinosus
Parascombrops spinosus
Paratapinophis
Pascal Pinon
Pasquale Carpino
Patricia Espinosa
Patricio G. Espinoza
Penicillium pinophilum
Penstemon pinorum
Pepino Formation
Pepinot and Capucine
Peppino
Peppino De Filippo
Peppino di Capri
Peppino e la vecchia signora
Peppino, le modelle e chella l
Peppino Tirri
Peppino Turco
Phaeoptilum spinosum
Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza
Phlegmariurus espinosanus
Phyllonorycter rostrispinosa
Piel CP-20 Pinocchio
Piel Pinocchio II
PINO
Pino
Pino Arlacchi
Pinobee: Wings of Adventure
Pino Canessa
Pinocawan, Leyte
Pinocchio
Pinocchio's Daring Journey
Pinocchio's Revenge
Pinocchio (1940 film)
Pinocchio (1957 TV program)
Pinocchio (1967 film)
Pinocchio (1968 film)
Pinocchio (1976 TV program)
Pinocchio (2002 film)
Pinocchio (2014 TV series)
Pinocchio (2019 film)
Pinocchio (2021 film)
Pinocchio 3000
Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night
Pinocchio barauna
Pinocchio catshark
Pinocchio (Danger)
Pinocchio (disambiguation)
Pinocchio en hiver (Kalinka)
Pinocchio frog
Pinocchio (f(x) album)
Pinocchio (instrumental)
Pinocchio (miniseries)
Pinocchio (play)
Pinocchio (soundtrack)
Pinocchio: The Series
Pinocchiova dobrodrustv II.
Pinocchio (video game)
Pinocchio (virtual singer)
Pinocembrin
Pino Cerami
Pinocetus
Pinochet (surname)
Pinochia monteverdensis
Pinochle
Pinocytosis
Pino D'Angi
Pino d'Asti
Pino del Oro
Pino del Ro
Pino De Vittorio
Pino Dordoni
Pino (fictional character)
Pinofranqueado
Pino Grande, California
Pino Hachado Pass
Pino, Haute-Corse
Pinol
Pinole
Pinole, California
Pinole Creek
Pinolenic acid
Pinoleville Pomo Nation
Pinoli's Restaurant
Pinolillo
Pinoline
Pino Massara
Pino Mercanti
Pinon
Pinon's imperial pigeon
Pinon, Arizona
Pinon, Kansas
Pino Palladino
Pinophyta
Pinopod
Pinopolis, South Carolina
Pino Porzio
Pino Presti
Pino Puglisi
Pino Quartullo
Pinora Township, Michigan
Pino Rauti
Pinoresinol
Pino Rucher
Pinos Altos, New Mexico
Pinos Genil
Pinoso
Pinos Puente
Pinostilbene
Pinosylvin
Pinosylvin synthase
Pinos, Zacatecas
Pinot
Pinotage
Pinot blanc
Pinotepa Mixtec
Pinotepa Nacional
Pinot (grape)
Pinot gris
Pinotin
Pinotin A
Pinot Meunier
Pinot noir
Pinot noir passing-off controversy
Pinot Noir Prcoce
Pino Tovaglia
PinOut
Pinout
Pinova
Pinoxepin
Pinoy
Pinoy Big Brother
Pinoy Big Brother: 737
Pinoy Big Brother: 737 Part 1
Pinoy Big Brother: 737 Part 2
Pinoy Big Brother: All In
Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition 2
Pinoy Big Brother: Connect
Pinoy Big Brother: Double Up
Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7
Pinoy Big Brother: Otso
Pinoy Big Brother: Teen Clash 2010
Pinoy Big Brother: Teen Edition 1
Pinoy Big Brother: Teen Edition Plus
Pinoy Big Brother: Unlimited
Pinoy Capital
Pinoy Dream Academy
Pinoy Dream Academy: Little Dreamers
Pinoy Fear Factor
Pinoy hip hop
Pinoy Idol
Pinoy M.D.
Pinoy pop
Pinoy Pop Superstar: The Finalists
Pinoy pride
Pinoy reggae
Pinoy rock
Pinoyscincus coxi
Pinoyscincus jagori
Pinoyscincus llanosi
Pinoyscincus mindanensis
Pinoy True Stories
Pinoy Weekly
Pinoz
Pino Zac
Pison spinolae
Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino
Point Pinole Regional Shoreline
Point Pinos Lighthouse
Pol. Citt di Ciampino
Poupino
Polyrhaphis spinosa
Potamobatrachus trispinosus
Pristimantis spinosus
Pristimantis turpinorum
Probata espinosai
Prostanthera spinosa
Prunus spinosa
Pseudoloessa bispinosa
Psorothamnus spinosus
P. spinosa
Pterygospinous ligament
Pterygospinous process
Pulp (Filipino music magazine)
Pure spinor
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
Pythium spinosum
Quasipaa exilispinosa
Quasipaa spinosa
Quasipaa verrucospinosa
Rachael Rapinoe
Rafael del Pino
Rafael del Pino (businessman)
Rafael del Pino (pilot)
Rafael Pino
Rancho Boca de la Caada del Pinole
Rancho Caada de los Pinos
Rapino, Teramo
Rgine Chopinot
Ren Chiappino
Repinotan
Rhinotropis subspinosa
Rhytiphora spinosa
Richard Lupino
Robert A. Scalapino
Robert Delpino
Roberto Espinosa
Robert Pinot
Rod Espinosa
Roger Espinoza
Roman Catholic Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia
Roscas (Filipino cuisine)
Rubn Espinoza
Rumex spinosus
R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Pinochet
Sabrina (Filipino singer)
Saccharopolyspora spinosporotrichia
Sacrospinous ligament
Sakari Pinomki
Salvador Espinosa
Sandy Valdespino
San Juan de Cinco Pinos
San Miguel del Pino
Sant'Agrippino a Forcella
Scapino
Scappino (fashion house)
Schinia spinosae
Scolytus quadrispinosus
Scrobipalpuloides spinosa
Senator Pino
Sepino
Sesbania bispinosa
Shamrock (Filipino band)
Siamspinops
Slvia Soler Espinosa
Sobre la indolencia de los filipinos
Sofa Espinosa
Sofa Espinoza lvarez
Sonsoles Espinosa
Souls in Filipino cultures
Spanish Filipino
Spanish influence on Filipino culture
Spanish people of Filipino ancestry
Spinicalliotropis spinosa
Spinoblesthis acuta
Spinocentruropsis papuanus
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Spinocerebellar ataxia type-13
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
Spinocerebellar tract
Spinocervical pathway
Spinochariesthes albomaculata
Spino d'Adda
Spinodiadelia
Spinodus
Spinohybolasius spinicollis
Spinola Battery
Spinola brigade
Spinola Palace, St Julian's
Spinola Palace, Valletta
Spinola Redoubt
Spinolestes
Spinoloricus cinziae
Spinomantis aglavei
Spinomantis bertini
Spinomantis brunae
Spinomantis elegans
Spinomantis fimbriatus
Spinomantis guibei
Spinomantis massi
Spinomantis microtis
Spinomantis peraccae
Spinomantis phantasticus
Spinon
Spinone Italiano
Spino-olivary tract
Spinophorosaurus
Spinopraonetha fuscomaculata
Spinops
Spinor
Spinorbit interaction
Spinor bundle
Spinoreticular tract
Spinor spherical harmonics
Spinosa
Spinosad
Spinosauridae
Spinosaurus
Spinosomatidia obesa
Spinosophroniella
Spinospasma hynesi
Spinostropheus
Spinosuchus
Spinotaenia
Spinotectal tract
Spinotectarchus
Spinothalamic tract
Spinous cell
Spinout
Spinout (soundtrack)
Spinoxin
Spinoza (book)
Spinoza Prize
Spinozism
Spinozorilispe
portska dvorana Gospino polje
S. spinosa
Stefanos Kapino
Stenopus spinosus
Stephen Espinoza
Stigmella spinosissimae
Stratum spinosum
Streptomyces thermospinosisporus
Strychnos spinosa
Stupino
Stupino Machine-Building Plant
Stupino, Stupinsky District, Moscow Oblast
Sugarfree (Filipino band)
Summer Special: Pinocchio / Hot Summer
Supraspinous fascia
Supraspinous ligament
Sybra spinosa
Talentadong Pinoy
Tancredo Pinochet
Tanghalang Pilipino
Tapa (Filipino cuisine)
Tapinocaninus
Tapinocephalia
Tapinocephalidae
Tapinocephalus
Tapinocyba
Tapinolepis
Tapinoma
Tapinoma antarcticum
Tapinoma glaesaria
Tapinoma melanocephalum
Tapinoma pygmaeum
Tapinoma sessile
Tapinothele
Tapinothelella
Tapinotorquis
Tara spinosa
Teeth (Filipino band)
Telipna ruspinoides
Temnothorax curvispinosus
Teratohyla spinosa
Terpinolene synthase
Tetradymia spinosa
The Adventures of Pinocchio
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1972 film)
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1972 miniseries)
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996 film)
The Adventures of Pinocchio (disambiguation)
The Adventures of Pinocchio (unfinished film)
The Biggest Loser Pinoy Edition
The Biggest Loser Pinoy Edition: Doubles
The Filipino Channel
The New Adventures of Pinocchio
The New Adventures of Pinocchio (TV series)
The Pinochet File
The Rapino Brothers
The Spinoff
The Valpinon Bather
Thibaut Pinot
Three Filipino Women
Titou Le Lapinou
Tobias and the Angel (Filippino Lippi)
Tony Rampino
Topino
Toto and Peppino Divided in Berlin
Toto, Peppino and the Fanatics
Toto, Peppino, and the Hussy
Toto, Peppino and the Outlaws
Tot, Peppino e... la dolce vita
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor
Tres Pinos, California
Tro Morales Pino
Triprion spinosus
Tropinone
Tropinone reductase I
Tropinone reductase II
T. spinosa
Turpino Zaccagna
Umbonia spinosa
Un' Ora prima di Amleto, pi Pinocchio
Undeveloped Buffy the Vampire Slayer spinoffs
UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino
USS Pinola (AT-33)
USS Pinola (ATA-206)
USS Pinon (AN-66)
Valea Mare Crpinoasa
Valentn Valds Espinosa
Verrucomicrobium spinosum
Victor Espinoza
Volpino
Volpino Italiano
Wallace Lupino
Xanthium spinosum
Yaniuska Espinosa
Yeremi Pino
Yohan Pino
Zanthoxylum spinosum
Zanthoxylum spinosum subsp. hartii
Z. spinosa
Zygmuntowo, Gmina Opinogra Grna
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