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SEE ALSO


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IN CHAPTERS TITLE

IN CHAPTERS CLASSNAME

IN CHAPTERS TEXT

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Computer_Science
SIMILAR TITLES
Expert System

DEFINITIONS


TERMS STARTING WITH

Expert Systems Ltd. "company" (ESL) Distributors of {ESLPDPRO}. Adderss: Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA. Telephone +44 (865) 784474. (1996-05-29)

Expert Systems Ltd. ::: (company) (ESL) Distributors of ESLPDPRO.Adderss: Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA. Telephone +44 (865) 784474. (1996-05-29)

expert system ::: A computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.[170] Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural code.[171]

expert system ::: (artificial intelligence) A computer program that contains a knowledge base and a set of algorithms or rules that infer new facts from knowledge and from incoming data.An expert system is an artificial intelligence application that uses a knowledge base of human expertise to aid in solving problems. The degree of problem practice, they will perform both well below and well above that of an individual expert.The expert system derives its answers by running the knowledge base through an inference engine, a software program that interacts with the user and processes the results from the rules and data in the knowledge base.Expert systems are used in applications such as medical diagnosis, equipment repair, investment analysis, financial, estate and insurance planning, route scheduling for delivery vehicles, contract bidding, counseling for self-service customers, production control and training.[Difference from knowledge-based system?] (1996-05-29)

expert system "artificial intelligence" A computer program that contains a {knowledge base} and a set of {algorithms} or rules that infer new facts from knowledge and from incoming data. An expert system is an {artificial intelligence} application that uses a knowledge base of human expertise to aid in solving problems. The degree of problem solving is based on the quality of the data and rules obtained from the human expert. Expert systems are designed to perform at a human expert level. In practice, they will perform both well below and well above that of an individual expert. The expert system derives its answers by running the knowledge base through an {inference engine}, a software program that interacts with the user and processes the results from the rules and data in the knowledge base. Expert systems are used in applications such as medical diagnosis, equipment repair, investment analysis, financial, estate and insurance planning, route scheduling for delivery vehicles, contract bidding, counseling for self-service customers, production control and training. [Difference from "{knowledge-based system}"?] (1996-05-29)


TERMS ANYWHERE

active DBMS "database" A conventional or passive {DBMS} combined with a means of event detection and condition monitoring. Event handling is often rule-based, as with an {expert system}. (1994-11-08)

active DBMS ::: (database) A conventional or passive DBMS combined with a means of event detection and condition monitoring. Event handling is often rule-based, as with an expert system. (1994-11-08)

ad-hockery ::: (jargon) /ad-hok'*r-ee/ (Purdue) 1. Gratuitous assumptions made inside certain programs, especially expert systems, which lead to the appearance of fuzzy-matching of input tokens that might be typing errors against a symbol table can make it look as though a program knows how to spell.2. Special-case code to cope with some awkward input that would otherwise cause a program to fail, presuming normal inputs are dealt with in some cleaner and more regular way. Also called ad-hackery, ad-hocity (/ad-hos'*-tee/), ad-crockery.See also ELIZA effect.[Jargon File] (1995-01-05)

ad-hockery "jargon" /ad-hok'*r-ee/ (Purdue) 1. Gratuitous assumptions made inside certain programs, especially {expert systems}, which lead to the appearance of semi-intelligent behaviour but are in fact entirely arbitrary. For example, {fuzzy-matching} of input tokens that might be typing errors against a symbol table can make it look as though a program knows how to spell. 2. Special-case code to cope with some awkward input that would otherwise cause a program to fail, presuming normal inputs are dealt with in some cleaner and more regular way. Also called "ad-hackery", "ad-hocity" (/ad-hos'*-tee/), "ad-crockery". See also {ELIZA effect}. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-05)

ADS ::: An expert system.

Aion Development System "artificial intelligence, product" (ADS) A commericial {expert system shell} developed by {Aion Corporation} that supported {forward chainging} and {backward chaining} and featured an {object-oriented} {knowledge representation} scheme, graphics and integrated with other {programming languages} like {C} and {Pascal}. ["Expert Systems in Chemistry Research", Markus C. Hemmer]. (2014-10-05)

Also forward reasoning. ::: One of the two main methods of reasoning when using an inference engine and can be described logically as repeated application of modus ponens. Forward chaining is a popular implementation strategy for expert systems, business and production rule systems. The opposite of forward chaining is backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the available data and uses inference rules to extract more data (from an end user, for example) until a goal is reached. An inference engine using forward chaining searches the inference rules until it finds one where the antecedent (If clause) is known to be true. When such a rule is found, the engine can conclude, or infer, the consequent (Then clause), resulting in the addition of new information to its data.[175]

BABYLON ::: A development environment for expert systems. It includes frames, constraints, a prolog-like logic formalism, and a description language for diagnostic applications. It requires Common Lisp. . (1995-02-08)

BABYLON "artificial intelligence" A {development environment} for {expert systems}. BABYLON includes {frames}, {constraints}, a {prolog}-like logic formalism and a description language for diagnostic applications. It requires {Common Lisp}. Version 2.3, 1994-06-22 included ports to {MCL}, {TI CL}, {Allegro CL}, {CLisp}, {CMU CL}. Contact: Juergen Walther, AI Research Division, {GMD}. {CMU AI archive (http://www-cgi.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/expert/systems/babylon/0.html)} (2019-05-27)

Expert Systems Ltd. "company" (ESL) Distributors of {ESLPDPRO}. Adderss: Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA. Telephone +44 (865) 784474. (1996-05-29)

Expert Systems Ltd. ::: (company) (ESL) Distributors of ESLPDPRO.Adderss: Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA. Telephone +44 (865) 784474. (1996-05-29)

case based reasoning "artificial intelligence" (CBR) A technique for problem solving which looks for previous examples which are similar to the current problem. This is useful where {heuristic} {knowledge} is not available. There are many situations where experts are not happy to be questioned about their knowledge by people who want to write the knowledge in rules, for use in {expert systems}. In most of these situations, the natural way for an expert to describe his or her knowledge is through examples, stories or cases (which are all basically the same thing). Such an expert will teach trainees about the expertise by apprenticeship, i.e. by giving examples and by asking the trainees to remember them, copy them and adapt them in solving new problems if they describe situations that are similar to the new problems. CBR aims to exploit such knowledge. Some key research areas are efficient indexing, how to define "similarity" between cases and how to use temporal information. (1996-05-28)

C Language Integrated Production System ::: (language) (CLIPS) A language produced by Gary Riley of NASA JSC in Houston, Texas, for developing expert systems, with the inferencing and object-oriented and procedural programming. CLIPS has a Lisp-like syntax. It is available for MS-DOS and comes with source code in C.COSMIC, U Georgia, (404) 542-3265. Austin Code Works (512) 258-0785.Versions include CLIPS 5.1, CLIPS/Ada 4.3 and CLIPS6.0 (see PCLIPS). .E-mail: .Telnet: cosmic.uga.edu, user: cosline. , .[Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Joseph Giarratano and Gary Riley, PWS Publ 1994, ISBN 0-534-93744-6]. (1994-12-16)

C Language Integrated Production System "language" (CLIPS) A language produced by Gary Riley of NASA {JSC} in Houston, Texas, for developing {expert systems}, with the inferencing and representation capabilities of {OPS5} and support for {forward chaining} rule-based, {object-oriented} and {procedural} programming. CLIPS has a {Lisp}-like {syntax}. It is available for {MS-DOS} and comes with source code in {C}. COSMIC, U Georgia, (404) 542-3265. Austin Code Works "info@acw.com" (512) 258-0785. Versions include CLIPS 5.1, CLIPS/Ada 4.3 and CLIPS6.0 (see {PCLIPS}). {(http://jsc.nasa.gov/~clips/CLIPS.html)}. E-mail: "service@cossack.cosmic.uga.edu". Telnet: cosmic.uga.edu, user: cosline. {U. Michigan (ftp://earth.rs.itd.umich.edu/mac.bin/etc/compsci/Clips/)}, {ENSMP, France (ftp://ftp.ensmp.fr/pub/clips/)}. ["Expert Systems: Principles and Programming", Joseph Giarratano and Gary Riley, PWS Publ 1994, ISBN 0-534-93744-6]. (1994-12-16)

Cooperative Information System ::: (networking) (CIS) Networked computers which support individual or collaborative human work, and manage access to information and computing database systems, expert systems, multi-agent planning systems, and other software application systems ranging from the conventional to the advanced. (1995-05-11)

Cooperative Information System "networking" (CIS) Networked computers which support individual or collaborative human work, and manage access to information and computing services. Computation is done {concurrent}ly over the network by cooperative {database} systems, {expert systems}, multi-agent planning systems, and other software application systems ranging from the conventional to the advanced. (1995-05-11)

es ::: 1. (networking) The country code for Spain.2. (operating system) Extensible Shell.3. (Expert System) An expert system for the IBM PC featuring forward chaining, backward chaining and fuzzy set relations. .[BYTE Oct 1990]. (1999-02-01)

es 1. "networking" The {country code} for Spain. 2. "operating system" {Extensible Shell}. 3. (Expert System) An {expert system} for the {IBM PC} featuring {forward chaining}, {backward chaining} and {fuzzy set} relations. {(ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/ai/expert-sys/summers.tar.Z)}. [BYTE Oct 1990]. (1999-02-01)

ESL ::: Expert Systems Ltd.

ESL {Expert Systems} Ltd.

expert system ::: A computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.[170] Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural code.[171]

expert system ::: (artificial intelligence) A computer program that contains a knowledge base and a set of algorithms or rules that infer new facts from knowledge and from incoming data.An expert system is an artificial intelligence application that uses a knowledge base of human expertise to aid in solving problems. The degree of problem practice, they will perform both well below and well above that of an individual expert.The expert system derives its answers by running the knowledge base through an inference engine, a software program that interacts with the user and processes the results from the rules and data in the knowledge base.Expert systems are used in applications such as medical diagnosis, equipment repair, investment analysis, financial, estate and insurance planning, route scheduling for delivery vehicles, contract bidding, counseling for self-service customers, production control and training.[Difference from knowledge-based system?] (1996-05-29)

expert system "artificial intelligence" A computer program that contains a {knowledge base} and a set of {algorithms} or rules that infer new facts from knowledge and from incoming data. An expert system is an {artificial intelligence} application that uses a knowledge base of human expertise to aid in solving problems. The degree of problem solving is based on the quality of the data and rules obtained from the human expert. Expert systems are designed to perform at a human expert level. In practice, they will perform both well below and well above that of an individual expert. The expert system derives its answers by running the knowledge base through an {inference engine}, a software program that interacts with the user and processes the results from the rules and data in the knowledge base. Expert systems are used in applications such as medical diagnosis, equipment repair, investment analysis, financial, estate and insurance planning, route scheduling for delivery vehicles, contract bidding, counseling for self-service customers, production control and training. [Difference from "{knowledge-based system}"?] (1996-05-29)

FOCL ::: An expert system shell and backward chaining rule interpreter for the Macintosh. .E-mail: . (1994-12-21)

FOCL An {expert system shell} and {backward chaining} rule {interpreter} for the {Macintosh}. {(ftp://ics.uci.edu/pub/machine-learning-programs/KR-FOCL-ES.cpt.hqx)}. E-mail: "pazzani@ics.uci.edu". (1994-12-21)

fuzzy logic A superset of {Boolean logic} dealing with the concept of partial truth -- {truth values} between "completely true" and "completely false". It was introduced by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh of {UCB} in the 1960's as a means to model the uncertainty of {natural language}. Any specific theory may be generalised from a discrete (or "crisp") form to a continuous (fuzzy) form, e.g. "fuzzy calculus", "fuzzy differential equations" etc. Fuzzy logic replaces Boolean truth values with degrees of truth which are very similar to probabilities except that they need not sum to one. Instead of an assertion pred(X), meaning that X definitely has the property associated with {predicate} "pred", we have a truth function truth(pred(X)) which gives the degree of truth that X has that property. We can combine such values using the standard definitions of fuzzy logic: truth(not x) = 1.0 - truth(x) truth(x and y) = minimum (truth(x), truth(y)) truth(x or y) = maximum (truth(x), truth(y)) (There are other possible definitions for "and" and "or", e.g. using sum and product). If truth values are restricted to 0 and 1 then these functions behave just like their Boolean counterparts. This is known as the "extension principle". Just as a Boolean predicate asserts that its argument definitely belongs to some subset of all objects, a fuzzy predicate gives the degree of truth with which its argument belongs to a {fuzzy subset}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.ai.fuzzy}. E-mail servers: "fuzzynet@aptronix.com", "rnalib@its.bldrdoc.gov", "fuzzy-server@til.com". {(ftp://ftp.hiof.no/pub/Fuzzy)}, {(ftp://ntia.its.bldrdoc.gov/pub/fuzzy)}. {FAQ (ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-group/comp.answers/fuzzy-logic)}. {James Brule, "Fuzzy systems - a tutorial", 1985 (http://life.anu.edu.au/complex_systems/fuzzy.html)}. {STB Software Catalog (http://krakatoa.jsc.nasa.gov/stb/catalog.html)}, includes a few fuzzy tools. [H.J. Zimmerman, "Fuzzy Sets, Decision Making and Expert Systems", Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1987]. ["Fuzzy Logic, State of the Art", Ed. R. Lowen, Marc Roubens, Theory and Decision Library, D: System theory, Knowledge Engineering and Problem Solving 12, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1993, ISBN 0-7923-2324-6]. (1995-02-21)

fuzzy logic ::: A superset of Boolean logic dealing with the concept of partial truth -- truth values between completely true and completely false. It was introduced by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh of UCB in the 1960's as a means to model the uncertainty of natural language.Any specific theory may be generalised from a discrete (or crisp) form to a continuous (fuzzy) form, e.g. fuzzy calculus, fuzzy differential equations of truth that X has that property. We can combine such values using the standard definitions of fuzzy logic: truth(not x) = 1.0 - truth(x)truth(x and y) = minimum (truth(x), truth(y)) Boolean counterparts. This is known as the extension principle.Just as a Boolean predicate asserts that its argument definitely belongs to some subset of all objects, a fuzzy predicate gives the degree of truth with which its argument belongs to a fuzzy subset.Usenet newsgroup: comp.ai.fuzzy.E-mail servers: , . , . . . , includes a few fuzzy tools.[H.J. Zimmerman, Fuzzy Sets, Decision Making and Expert Systems, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1987].[Fuzzy Logic, State of the Art, Ed. R. Lowen, Marc Roubens, Theory and Decision Library, D: System theory, Knowledge Engineering and Problem Solving 12, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1993, ISBN 0-7923-2324-6]. (1995-02-21)

G2 A {real-time} {expert system} from {Gensym Corporation}.

G2 ::: A real-time expert system from Gensym Corporation.

Generic Expert System Tool ::: (artificial intelligence) (GEST) An expert system shell for Symbolics Lisp machine, with frames, forward chaining, backward chaining and fuzzy logic; written by John Gilmore(?) at GA Tech.Current version: 4.0, as of 1995-04-16. . (1995-04-16)

Generic Expert System Tool "artificial intelligence" (GEST) An {expert system shell} for {Symbolics} {Lisp machine}, with {frames}, {forward chaining}, {backward chaining} and {fuzzy logic}; written by {John Gilmore}(?) at GA Tech. {(ftp://ftp.gatech.edu/pub/ai/gest.tar.Z)}. (1995-04-16)

Genesia ::: An expert system developed by Electricite de France and commercialised by STERIA (Paris).

Genesia An {expert system} developed by Electricite de France and commercialised by {STERIA} (Paris).

GEN-X ::: An expert system developed by General Electric.

GEN-X An expert system developed by General Electric.

GEST {Generic Expert System Tool}

inference engine ::: A program that infers new facts from known facts using inference rules. Commonly found as part of a Prolog interpreter, expert system or knowledge based system. (1994-11-01)

inference engine A program that infers new {facts} from known facts using {inference rules}. Commonly found as part of a {Prolog} {interpreter}, {expert system} or {knowledge based system}. (1994-11-01)

KBMS ::: An expert system.

KBMS An {expert system}.

KEE Knowledge Engineering Environment. Frame-based expert system. Supports dynamic inheritance, {multiple inheritance}, polymorphism. Classes, meta-classes and objects are all treated alike. A class is an instance of a meta-class. Can control rules for merging of each field when multiple inheritance takes place. Methods are written in LISP. Actions may be triggered when fields are accessed or modified. Extensive GUI integrates with objects. Can easily make object updates to be reflected on display or display selections to update fields. This can in turn trigger other methods or inference rules which may then update other parts of the display. Intellicorp, for TI Explorer. "The Role of Frame-Based Representation in Reasoning", R. Fikes et al, CACM 28(9):904- 920 (Sept 1985).

KEE ::: Knowledge Engineering Environment. Frame-based expert system. Supports dynamic inheritance, multiple inheritance, polymorphism. Classes, meta-classes and parts of the display. Intellicorp, for TI Explorer. The Role of Frame-Based Representation in Reasoning, R. Fikes et al, CACM 28(9):904- 920 (Sept 1985).

knowledge acquisition ::: The process used to define the rules and ontologies required for a knowledge-based system. The phrase was first used in conjunction with expert systems to describe the initial tasks associated with developing an expert system, namely finding and interviewing domain experts and capturing their knowledge via rules, objects, and frame-based ontologies.

Knowledge Analysis and Design System "process" (KADS) A structured way of developing {knowledge-based systems} ({expert systems}). KADS was developed as an alternative to an evolutionary approach and is now accepted as the European standard for knowledge based systems. {(http://cse.unsw.edu.au/~timm/pub/slides/kltut/index.html)}. ["Knowledge Based Systems Analysis and Design: A KADS Developers Handbook", Tansley and Hayball] (1998-03-12)

Knowledge Analysis and Design System ::: (process) (KADS) A structured way of developing knowledge-based systems (expert systems). KADS was developed as an alternative to an evolutionary approach and is now accepted as the European standard for knowledge based systems. .[Knowledge Based Systems Analysis and Design: A KADS Developers Handbook, Tansley and Hayball] (1998-03-12)

knowledge-based system "artificial intelligence" (KBS) A program for extending and/or querying a {knowledge base}. The related term {expert system} is normally used to refer to a highly domain-specific type of KBS used for a specialised purpose such as medical diagnosis. The {Cyc} project is an example of a large KBS. (1999-09-07)

knowledge-based system ::: (artificial intelligence) (KBS) A program for extending and/or querying a knowledge base.The related term expert system is normally used to refer to a highly domain-specific type of KBS used for a specialised purpose such as medical diagnosis.The Cyc project is an example of a large KBS. (1999-09-07)

Knowledge Systems Laboratory ::: (KSL) An artificial intelligence research laboratory within the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University. Current work focuses on knowledge computational environments for modelling physical devices, architectures for adaptive intelligent systems, and expert systems for science and engineering. (1994-12-06)

Knowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL) An {artificial intelligence} research laboratory within the Department of Computer Science at {Stanford University}. Current work focuses on {knowledge representation} for sharable engineering knowledge bases and systems, computational environments for modelling physical devices, architectures for adaptive intelligent systems, and {expert systems} for science and engineering. (1994-12-06)

LOOKS ::: [LOOKS: Knowledge-Representation System for Designing Expert Systems in a Logical Programming Framework, F. Mizoguchi, Proc Intl Conf 5th Gen Comp Sys, ICOT 1984].

LOOKS ["LOOKS: Knowledge-Representation System for Designing Expert Systems in a Logical Programming Framework", F. Mizoguchi, Proc Intl Conf 5th Gen Comp Sys, ICOT 1984].

Micro Interpreter for Knowledge Engineering ::: (artificial intelligence, tool) (MIKE) An expert system shell for teaching purposes, with forward chaining, backward chaining, and user-definable conflict resolution strategies. MIKE is written in Edinburgh Prolog.Version 2.03.[BYTE, Oct 1990]. .Contact: Marc Eisenstadt, HCRL, Open University. (1995-01-10)

Micro Interpreter for Knowledge Engineering "artificial intelligence, tool" (MIKE) An {expert system shell} for teaching purposes, with {forward chaining}, {backward chaining}, and user-definable {conflict resolution} strategies. MIKE is written in {Edinburgh Prolog}. Version 2.03. [BYTE, Oct 1990]. {(ftp://hcrl.open.ac.uk/pub/software/src/MIKE-v2.03)}. Contact: Marc Eisenstadt, HCRL, {Open University}. (1995-01-10)

Mycin ::: An early backward chaining expert system that used artificial intelligence to identify bacteria causing severe infections, such as bacteremia and meningitis, and to recommend antibiotics, with the dosage adjusted for patient's body weight – the name derived from the antibiotics themselves, as many antibiotics have the suffix "-mycin". The MYCIN system was also used for the diagnosis of blood clotting diseases.

Nexpert Object ::: An expert system.

Nexpert Object An {expert system}.

Official Production System "language" (OPS) The first {production system} (i.e. rule based) programming language, developed at {CMU} in 1970 and used for building {expert systems}. OPS was originally written in {Franz Lisp} and later ported to other {LISP} dialects. (2003-04-05)

Official Production System ::: (language) (OPS) The first production system (i.e. rule based) programming language, developed at CMU in 1970 and used for building expert systems. OPS was originally written in Franz Lisp and later ported to other LISP dialects.(2003-04-05)

OPS5 "language" A programming language for rule-based {production systems}. A rule consists of pre-condition(s) and a resulting action. The system checks its {working memory} to see if there are rules whose pre-conditions are satisfied, if so, the action in one selected satisfied rule is executed. There is a {public domain} implementation of an OPS5 {interpreter} written by Charles L. Forgy "forgy@cs.cmu.edu" in 1977. It was first implemented in {Lisp} and later in {BLISS}. It was also ported to {Common Lisp} by George Wood and Jim Kowalski. {CLIPS} is a language for writing {expert systems}, with some of the capabilities of OPS5. See also {C5}, {OPS83}, {OPS4}, {OPS5+}, {OPS83}. Inference Engine Tech, Cambridge MA. {An OPS5 interpreter in Common LISP (ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/mirrors/Unix-c/languages/ops5)}. {A version by Mark Kantrowitz (ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/mkant/Public/Lisp/)}. "mkant+@cs.cmu.edu". ["Programming Expert Systems in OPS5", L. Brownston et al, A-W 1985]. ["An OPS5 Primer", Sherman et al, comes with OPS5 for DOS]. ["Rule-Based Programming in the Unix System", G.T. Vesonder, AT&T Tech J 67(1), 1988]. (1995-08-18)

OPS5 ::: (language) A programming language for rule-based production systems. A rule consists of pre-condition(s) and a resulting action.The system checks its working memory to see if there are rules whose pre-conditions are satisfied, if so, the action in one selected satisfied rule is executed.There is a public domain implementation of an OPS5 interpreter written by Charles L. Forgy in 1977. It was first implemented in Lisp and later in BLISS. It was also ported to Common Lisp by George Wood and Jim Kowalski.CLIPS is a language for writing expert systems, with some of the capabilities of OPS5.See also C5, OPS83, OPS4, OPS5+, OPS83.Inference Engine Tech, Cambridge MA. . . .[Programming Expert Systems in OPS5, L. Brownston et al, A-W 1985].[An OPS5 Primer, Sherman et al, comes with OPS5 for DOS].[Rule-Based Programming in the Unix System, G.T. Vesonder, AT&T Tech J 67(1), 1988]. (1995-08-18)

PCLIPS Parallel CLIPS - U Lowell. Concurrent independent CLIPS expert systems. They use 'rassert' (remote assert) to enter facts into each other's database. "PCLIPS: A Distributed Expert System Environment", R. Miller, CLIPS Users Group Conf, Aug 1990. E-mail: "pclips@dragon.ulowell.edu"(?).

PCLIPS ::: Parallel CLIPS - U Lowell. Concurrent independent CLIPS expert systems. They use 'rassert' (remote assert) to enter facts into each other's database. PCLIPS: A Distributed Expert System Environment, R. Miller, CLIPS Users Group Conf, Aug 1990. E-mail: (?).

PopTalk "language, product" A commercial {object-oriented} derivative of {POP}, from {Cambridge Consultants}, used in the {expert system} {MUSE}. (1995-02-27)

PopTalk ::: (language, product) A commercial object-oriented derivative of POP, from Cambridge Consultants, used in the expert system MUSE. (1995-02-27)

RAL ::: 1. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK).2. An expert system.

RAL 1. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). 2. An {expert system}.

Single ASsignment Language ::: (language) (SASL) A functional programming language designed by Professor David Turner in 1976 whilst at St. Andrews University. SASL is a derivative of ISWIM with infinite data structures. It is fully lazy but weakly typed. It was designed for teaching functional programming, with very simple syntax.Example syntax: def fac n =n = 0 -> 1 ; n x fac(n-1) A version of the expert system EMYCIN has been written in SASL.SASL was originally known as Saint Andrews Static Language. Not to be confused with SISAL. . See also Kamin's interpreters.[A New Implementation Technique for Applicative Languages, D.A. Turner, Soft Prac & Exp 8:31-49 (1979)].(2003-08-08)

St Andrews Static Language "language" (SASL) A {functional programming} language designed by Professor {David Turner} in 1976 whilst at St. Andrews University. SASL is a derivative of {ISWIM} with {infinite data structures}. It is fully {lazy} but {weakly typed}. It was designed for teaching functional programming, with very simple {syntax}. Example syntax: def fac n =   n = 0 -" 1 ; n x fac(n-1) A version of the {expert system} {EMYCIN} has been written in SASL. SASL was originally known as "St Andrews Standard Language". Not to be confused with {SISAL}. {(ftp://a.cs.uiuc.edu/uiuc/kamin.distr/distr/sasl.p)}. See also {Kamin's interpreters}. ["A New Implementation Technique for Applicative Languages", D.A. Turner, Soft Prac & Exp 8:31-49 (1979)]. (2007-03-21)



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6.01 books -- KC - ABA - Null - Savitri - SA O TAOC - SICP - The Gospel of SRK - TIC - The Library of Babel - TLD - TSOY - TTYODAS - TSZ - WOTM II
8 unsorted / add here -- Always - Everyday - Verbs


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last updated: 2022-05-08 14:06:44
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