chapter
The_Diamond_Sutra
DS1
DS1
A {DS level} and {framing specification} for
synchronous digital streams, over circuits in the North
American {digital transmission hierarchy}, at the {T1}
transmission rate of 1,544,000 bits per second ({baud}).
DS1 is commonly used to multiplex 24 {DS0} channels. Each DS0
channel, originally a digitised voice-grade telephone signal,
carries 8000 bytes per second (64,000 bits per second). A DS1
frame includes one byte from each of the 24 DS0 channels and
adds one {framing bit}, making a total of 193 bits per frame
at 8000 frames per second. The result is 193*8000 = 1,544,000
bits per second.
In the original standard, the successive framing bits
continuously repeated the 12-bit sequence 110111001000, and
such a 12-frame unit is called a super-frame. In voice
telephony, errors are acceptable (early standards allowed as
much as one frame in six to be missing entirely), so the least
significant bit in two of the 24 streams was used for
signaling between network equipments. This is called
{robbed-bit signaling}.
To promote error-free transmission, an alternative called the
extended super-frame (ESF) of 24 frames was developed. In
this standard, six of the 24 framing bits provide a six bit
{cyclic redundancy check} (CRC-6), and six provide the actual
framing. The other 12 form a virtual circuit of 4000 bits per
second for use by the transmission equipment, for {call
progress signals} such as busy, idle and ringing. DS1 signals
using ESF equipment are nearly error-free, because the CRC
detects errors and allows automatic re-routing of connections.
Compare {T-carrier systems}.
[Kenneth Sherman, "Data Communications : a user's guide",
third edition (1990), Reston/Prentice-Hall/Simon & Schuster].
(1996-03-30)
DS1C
A {DS level} and {framing specification} for
digital signals in the North American digital transmission
hierarchy. A DS1C signal uses 48 {PCM} channels and has a
transmission rate of 3.15 Megabits per second, twice that of
{DS1}.
DS1C uses two {DS1} signals combined and sent on a 3.152
megabit per second {carrier} which allows 64 kilobits per
second for synchronisation and {framing} using "{pulse
stuffing}". The channel 2 signal is logically inverted, and a
framing bit is stuffed in two out of three code words,
resulting in 26-bit information units. The channels are
interleaved and then scrambled by the addition {modulo} 2 of
the signal with the previous bit. Finally the bit stream is
combined with a control bit sequence that permits the
{demultiplexor} to function by preceding each 52 bits with one
DS1C framing bit. A series of 24 such 53-bit frames forms a
1272-bit "M-frame".
(1995-02-07)
DS1C ::: (communications) A DS level and framing specification for digital signals in the North American digital transmission hierarchy. A DS1C signal uses 48 PCM channels and has a transmission rate of 3.15 Megabits per second, twice that of DS1.DS1C uses two DS1 signals combined and sent on a 3.152 megabit per second carrier which allows 64 kilobits per second for synchronisation and framing by preceding each 52 bits with one DS1C framing bit. A series of 24 such 53-bit frames forms a 1272-bit M-frame. (1995-02-07)
DS1 ::: (communications) A DS level and framing specification for synchronous digital streams, over circuits in the North American digital transmission hierarchy, at the T1 transmission rate of 1,544,000 bits per second (baud).DS1 is commonly used to multiplex 24 DS0 channels. Each DS0 channel, originally a digitised voice-grade telephone signal, carries 8000 bytes per second (64,000 and adds one framing bit, making a total of 193 bits per frame at 8000 frames per second. The result is 193*8000 = 1,544,000 bits per second.In the original standard, the successive framing bits continuously repeated the 12-bit sequence 110111001000, and such a 12-frame unit is called a super-frame. the 24 streams was used for signaling between network equipments. This is called robbed-bit signaling.To promote error-free transmission, an alternative called the extended super-frame (ESF) of 24 frames was developed. In this standard, six of the 24 idle and ringing. DS1 signals using ESF equipment are nearly error-free, because the CRC detects errors and allows automatic re-routing of connections.Compare T-carrier systems.[Kenneth Sherman, Data Communications : a user's guide, third edition (1990), Reston/Prentice-Hall/Simon & Schuster]. (1996-03-30)
KEYS (10k)
NEW FULL DB (2.4M)
*** NEWFULLDB 2.4M ***
1:when a man comes near to the realization that he will be making an end, fear and care enter him for things to which he gave no thought before. The tales17 told about what is in Hades—that the one who has done unjust deeds18 here must pay the penalty there—at which he laughed up to then, now make his soul twist and turn because he fears they might be true. ~ Plato, #NFDB
2:This is mortality: to move along a rectilinear line in a universe where everything, if it moves at all, moves in a cyclical order. The task and potential greatness of mortals lie in their ability to produce things—works and deeds and words19—which would deserve to be and, at least to a degree, are at home in everlastingness, so that through them mortals could find their place in a cosmos where everything is immortal except themselves. ~ Hannah Arendt, #NFDB
3:my mind when the sounding bowls are in play. I also draw Angel Cards17 several times a day to help me stay focused on what I believe is important in life. The original Angel Cards come in sets of assorted sizes with each card having a single word written on them. Every morning when I first get up, I ritualistically invite an angel into my life and draw a card. I then focus my attention on that particular angel throughout my day. If I am feeling stressed or have an important phone call to make, I will often draw another angel to help me shift my mind. I am ~ Jill Bolte Taylor, #NFDB
4:XLIX. GOOD WORDS1 The mother is always seeking her child: the fundamentals pursue the derivatives. If water is confined in a tank, the wind sucks it up; for the wind is an elemental spirit, powerful and free. It frees the water and wafts it away to its source, little by little, so that you cannot see it wafting; And our soul likewise the breath of our praise steals away, little by little, from the prison of this world. The perfumes of our good words ascend even unto Him, ascending from us whither He knoweth.2 Our breaths soar up with the choice words, as a gift from us, to the abode of everlastingness; Then comes to us the recompense of our praise, a recompense manifold, from God the Merciful; Then He causes us to seek more good words, so that His servant may win more of His Mercy. Verily the source of our delight in prayer is the Divine Love which without rest draws the soul home. ~ Rumi, #NFDB
2
1.06_-_Hymns_of_Parashara, #Hymns to the Mystic Fire, #Sri Aurobindo, #Integral Yoga
1. Blazing out brilliant as the lover of the Dawn, filling the
two equal worlDS11 like the Light of Heaven, thou art born
by our will and comest into being all around us; thou hast
--
4. None can impair the ways of thy workings when for these
goDS15 thou hast created inspired knowledge. This is thy
work that yoked with the Gods, thy equals, thou hast smitten,16 that thou hast scattered the powers of evil.
DS1, #unset, #Sri Aurobindo, #Integral Yoga
object:DS1
class:The Diamond Sutra