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--- GLOSSARY FROM WIKI
la seconde

(French pronunciation: [a la sd]) (Literally "to second") If a step is done " la seconde," it is done to the side.'Second position'.
la quatrime

(French pronunciation: [a la katijm]) One of the directions of body, facing the audience (en face), arms in second position, with one leg extended either to fourth position in front (quatrime devant) or fourth position behind (quatrime d
errire).
terre

(French pronunciation: [a t]) Touching the floor.
Adagio

Italian, or French adage, meaning 'slowly, at ease.'

Slow movements performed with fluidity and grace.
One of the typical exercises of a traditional ballet class, done both at barre and in center, featuring slow, controlled movements.
The section of a grand pas (e.g., grand pas de deux), often referred to as grand adage, that features dance partnering.

Allegro

(Italian pronunciation: [allero]; meaning 'happy')

Brisk, lively motion. An attribute of many movements, including those in which a dancer is airborne (e.g., assembl, changement, entrechat, saut, sissonne, soubresaut).
Used in ballet to refer to all jumps, regardless of tempo.
A category of exercises found in a traditional ballet class, e.g. petit allegro (small, generally fast jumps) and grand allegro (large, generally slower jumps).

Allong

(French pronunciation: [ale]; meaning 'elongated.') Refers to a foot and leg position when the toes and knees are extended and elongated, rather than forming the usual soft curve.
Aplomb

The apparent elegance and precision exhibited by a confident, accomplished dancer.
Arabesque

In dance (particularly ballet), arabesque (French: [aabsk]; literally, "in Arabic fashion") is a body position in which a dancer stands on one leg (the supporting leg) with the other leg (the working leg) extended, straight, behind the b
ody. The arm positions can vary and are generally allong. The foot of the supporting leg may be flat on the floor, on the heel of the foot (demi-pointe/relev), or on the tips of the toes (en pointe).
Arrondi

(French pronunciation: [adi]; meaning 'rounded') A position of the hand. Rounded, in contrast with allong ('stretched out', as in arabesque).
Assembl
Assembl

(French pronunciation: [asble]; literally 'assembled') Sometimes also pas assembl. A jump that takes off from one foot and lands on two feet. When initiated with two feet on the ground (e.g. from 5th position) the working leg performs a
battement gliss/dgag, brushing out. The dancer launches into a jump, with the second foot then meeting the first foot before landing. A petit assembl is when a dancer is standing on one foot with the other extended. The dancer then does a
small jump to meet the first foot.
Attitude
Attitude derrire

(French pronunciation: [atityd]) A position in which a dancer stands on one leg (the supporting leg) while the other leg (working leg) is raised and turned out with knee bent to form an angle of approximately 90 between the thigh and the
lower leg. The height of the knee versus the foot and the angle of the knee flexion will vary depending on the techniques. The working leg can be held behind (derrire), in front (devant), or to the side ( la seconde) of the body. The ali
gnment of the thigh compared to the midline in Attitude derrire will vary depending on the techniques. The foot of the supporting leg may be flat on the floor, en demi-pointe (ball of the foot), or en pointe (tips of the toes). The standi
ng leg can be straight or bent ("fondu").
Avant, en

(French pronunciation: [n av]; meaning 'forwards') A movement towards the front, as opposed to en arrire, which is conversely a movement towards the back. For example, a step travelling en avant moves forwards towards the audience, as in
sissonne en avant.
Arrire, en

(French pronunciation: [n aj]; meaning 'backwards') A movement towards the back, as opposed to en avant.
B
Balanc
Balanc

(French pronunciation: [balse]; "balanced") A rocking sequence of three stepsfondu, relev, fondu (down, up, down)executed in three counts. Before the first count, one foot extends in a dgag to second position (balanc de ct) or to the fro
nt (balanc en avant) or rear (balanc en arrire). The second foot in the sequence (in any direction) assembles behind the first to relev in fifth or fourth position.
Balanoire

(French pronunciation: [balswa]; "swing [children's toy]") Swinging the working leg between front (devant) and back (derrire) through first position, usually in conjunction with grands battements or attitudes and involving seesaw like sh
ifting of the upper body in opposition to the legs. Similar to en cloche.
Ballerina

(Italian) A principal female ballet dancer.
Ballet

French word meaning dance.
Ballet technique

The foundational principles of body movement and form used in ballet.
Balletomane

A ballet fan or enthusiast. The word is of Russian origin c. 1930, with the suffix -mane coming from maniya (mania).[1]
Ballon

Showing lightness of movement in leaps and jumps. A dancer exhibiting ballon will appear to spring effortlessly, float in mid-air, and land softly like a balloon.
Ballonn

In classical ballet, the term ballonn is a step where the leg is extended (can be front, side, or back) at 45 degrees. The knee is then bent and the foot brought to a sur le cou-de-pied position. This can also be done as a relev or jump.

Ballott

A ballott is a jumping step in classical ballet that consists of coup dessous and small developps performed with a rocking and swinging movement. The step can be performed with the leg extensions at 45 or 90 degrees.
Barre
Exercising at a portable barre. A fixed barre can be seen in the background.

A sturdy horizontal bar, approximately waist height, used during ballet warm-up exercises and training. Fixed barres are typically mounted on mirror-covered walls; portable barres can be relocated as needed. Used for balance, not support
.
Battement

An alternating side-to-side movement of the working (non-supporting) leg. Typically performed in multiples, quickly and in rapid succession so that the working foot appears to be fluttering or vibrating.
Batterie

(French pronunciation: [bati]) A general term for jumps in which the legs open slightly sideways and close (crossed in fifth position) multiple times, alternating feet. (See "Battu.)
Battu

(French pronunciation: [baty]; meaning 'beaten') A movement with an extra beating of the feet included, as in jet battu.
Bris
Brise--

(French pronunciation: [bize]; literally 'broken') A jump consisting of an assembl traveling either forward (en avant) or backward (en arrire), with an extra beat that "breaks" the jump in its travel. To execute a bris en avant, the danc
er demi-plis in fifth position and brushes the back leg (through first position) to the front, then springs into the air and brings the second foot to meet it in the back before switching to the front to land, creating a beating action wi
th the legs. In a bris en arrire, the process is reversed, with the front leg brushing to the back and beating to land in front.
Bras crois

(French pronunciation: [ba kwaze]; literally 'crossed arms') Arm placement in which one arm is extended in second position away from the audience while the other is curved in first position (Cecchetti fourth position en avant or RAD/Fren
ch third position).
Bravura

(Italian pronunciation: [bravura]) A flashy, showy and elaborate style of dance that involves a lot of elaborate steps and style to similar music. Usually during a key solo.
Bourree

Quick movement of the feet, can be performed on pointe or on demi-pointe. The dancer straightens one leg (the leg in back) and bends a leg and picks it up(the leg in front). Then the bent leg is straighted on the floor and the straight l
eg is picked off the floor and bent. These steps are repeated over and over again. The dancer looks as if he or she is flying across the floor
C
Cabriole
Double cabriole derrire.

(French pronunciation: [kabijl]; meaning 'caper.') An allegro step in which the extended legs are beaten in the air. Cabrioles are divided into two categories: petite, which are executed at 45 degrees, and grande, which are executed at 9
0 degrees. The working leg is thrust into the air, the underneath leg follows and beats against the first leg, sending it higher. The landing is then made on the underneath leg. Cabriole may be done devant, derrire and la seconde in any g
iven position of the body such as crois, effac, cart, and so on.
Cambr

(French pronunciation: [kbe]; literally 'arched.') A bending at the waist in any direction, forward, backward, or to the side.
Group of ballet students performing Cambre
Chans

(French pronunciation: [ne]; 'chained', plural.) Also known as "chans turns," a common abbreviation for tours chans dbouls, a series of quick, 360 degree turns that alternate the feet while traveling along a straight line or in a circula
r path. Each foot performs a half turn, with feet held in a tight first position en pointe or demi-pointe.
Changement

(French pronunciation: [m]; literally 'change, changing.') Common abbreviated name for changement de pieds. A jump in which the feet change positions in the air. For example, beginning in fifth position with the right foot front, pli, ju
mp switching the right leg to the back, and land in fifth position with the left foot front. In the Vaganova vocabulary, petit changement de pieds indicates a changement where the feet barely leave the floor.
Chass
Chass

(Literally 'chased.')

A sliding movement forward, backward, or sideways with both legs bent, then springing into the air with legs straight and together. It can be done either in a gallop or by pushing the leading foot along the floor in a pli to cause an upw
ard spring. It is typically performed in a series or as part of a combination of other movements.
A sliding movement as described above, but without the jump aspect. Instead, the leading foot is pushed along the floor in pli as described above, as a transition into another movement or position.

Cloche, en

(French pronunciation: [ kl]; meaning 'like a bell.') Refers to brushing through first position from fourth devant or fourth derrire to the opposite fourth with the upper body held upright. Can be done continuously, as is often done with
grands battements and attitudes. Similar to Balanoire, which additionally allows seesaw like upper-body shifting in counterpoint to the legs.

The Vaganova system may refer to en cloche as "pass la jambe" or "battement pass la jambe".[2]
Coda

(Italian pronunciation: [koda]); literally 'tail.') The concluding segment of a performance or suite of dances comprising a grand pas (e.g., grand pas de deux). A particularly large or complex coda may be called a grand coda. If a large
group of dancers participate, the terms coda gnrale or grand coda gnrale may be used.
Corps de ballet

The ensemble of a ballet company, especially the ensemble apart from the featured dancers. Being a part of the corps means one is neither a soloist nor a principal dancer.
Coryphe

(French pronunciation: [kife]) In some systems, a dancer of higher rank than a member of the corps de ballet, performing in small ensembles and small solo roles but not ranked as a soloist.
Ct, de

(French pronunciation: [d kote]; 'sideways.') A movement traveling to the side.
Cou-de-pied

(French pronunciation: [ku d pje]; 'neck of the foot.') Position of the arched working foot raised to, and resting on, the ankle. This could be in front (["conditional"] devant), behind (derrire), or wrapped (sur le cou-de-pied: arch of
the foot wrapped around the ankle with the heel in front of the ankle and the toes behind, often interchangeable with the devant/conditional position), depending on the activity and the school/method of ballet.
Coup

(French pronunciation: [kupe]; meaning 'cut.') Coup is both a step and action. It is commonly executed from cou-de-pied front to cou-de-pied back or vice versa. It may also be done from an extended leg position into fondu or directly thr
ough fifth position (as in concluding a jet). Coup can only be performed through a closed leg position.

The Vaganova School rarely uses the term coup except as the preparation for specific allegros. Rather, "tomb through fifth position" is more commonly used.[3]

In the United States, "coup" may be used to denote the position cou-de-pied, not unlike "pass" is used to denote the position retir in addition to the action of passing through retir.
Couru

(French pronunciation: [kuy]; 'run,' past participle, as in 'making small quick steps.') In most cases, this holds the calves together and the feet in a tight fifth position en pointe or demi-pointe and travels forward, backward, or to e
ither side. E.g. pas de bourre couru (also called bourre for short).
Crois, croise

(French pronunciation: [kwze]; meaning 'crossed.') One of the positions of the body or paulement. Facing one of the corners of the stage, the body presents at an oblique angle to the audience, such that the audience can see still both sh
oulders and hips. The working leg may be crossed to the front (devant) or to the back (derrire).

Crois is used in the third, fourth, and fifth positions of the legs. A dancer is in crois devant if at a 45 angle to the audience, the downstage leg (closest to the audience) is working to the front and the arms are open in third or four
th with the downstage arm being the one in second. A dancer is in crois derrire if at a 45 degree angle to the audience, the upstage leg (farthest from the audience) is working to the back and the arms are open in third, fourth, or allong
in arabesque with the upstage arm being the one out towards second, e.g. arabesque croise or Russian fourth arabesque. Crois derrire in the Russian school alternatively has the upstage leg working to the back, but the downstage arm out t
o second.

Examples of crois: the front leg is the right leg and the dancer is facing the front-left corner of the stage; or the front leg is the left, and the dancer is facing his/her front-right corner.
Croix, en

(French pronunciation: [ kw]; meaning 'in the shape of a cross.') Term often used during barre exercises to indicate that a step is done to the front, to the side, to the back, and then again to the side (as in the shape of a cross), fin
ishing closed in either first or fifth position.
D
Danseur

(French pronunciation: [ds]) A male ballet dancer.
Danseur noble

(French pronunciation: [ds nbl]) A male ballet dancer who excels in refined classical roles, often playing the prince or other royalty in a classical ballet.
Danseuse

(French pronunciation: [dsz]) A female ballet dancer.
Dboul

(French pronunciation: [debule]); literally 'hurtled,' as in 'with great speed.') Another name denoting the same move as a chan (i.e. les tours chans dbouls). A fast sequence of half turns performed by stepping onto one leg, and completi
ng the turn by stepping onto the other, performed on the balls of the feet or high on the toes, with the legs held very close together.
Dedans, en
En dehors; en dedans

(French pronunciation: [ dd]; 'inwards.') Inside movement.

Circular movement where a leg that starts at the back or the side moves towards the front. For the right leg, this is a counter-clockwise circle. For the left leg, this is a clockwise circle. For example, in a rond de jambe en dedans, st
arting from first position, the foot first extends to tendu back, then moves to tendu to the side, and then tendu front, and back in again to first position.
Turning motion in the direction of the supporting leg. In a pirouette en dedans, the dancer would turn to their right if their left leg was lifted, or vice versa. Opposite of en dehors.

Dgag

(French pronunciation: [deae]; 'disengaged.') Common abbreviation for battement dgag, the foot of the working leg sharply brushes through the floor through tendu pointed in the air 45 degrees or lower. Dgag is part of the (initiating) ex
ecution of jumps such as jet, assembl, bris, and glissade.

Primarily a Cecchetti/RAD term, this is known as battement tendu jet in the Russian School or battement gliss in the French School.
Dehors, en

(French pronunciation: [ d]; 'outwards.') Circular movement where a leg that starts at the front or the side moves towards the back. For a right working leg, this is a clockwise circle. For example, in a rond de jambe en dehors, starting
from first position, the foot (either left or right) would first extend tendu front, move to tendu to the side, and then tendu back, and back in again to first position. In a pirouette en dehors, the body turns in the direction of the wo
rking leg (the leg raised in retir pass). Opposite of en dedans.
Demi

(French pronunciation: [dmi]; meaning 'half.') Applied to pli, pointe, and other movements or positions to indicate a smaller or lesser version.
Demi-dtourn

(French pronunciation: [dmi detune]) A pivoted half turn executed on both feet. For example, if starting right foot front in 5th position, demi-pli and relev onto demi-pointe while pivoting a half turn inwards/en dedans towards the direc
tion of the back foot (here left). The feet will have now changed position with the left foot in front in 5th position.
Demi-pointe

(French pronunciation: [dmi pwt]) Supporting one's body weight on the balls of one or both feet, heels raised off the floor.
Derrire

(French pronunciation: [dj]; literally 'behind.') At or to the back. For example, a battement tendu derrire is a battement tendu to the rear.
Dessous

(French pronunciation: [dsu]; literally 'under.') Used to indicate that the front leg should be brought to close behind the other leg during a step. For example, assembl, pas de bourre, and glissade can be designated as under or dessous.

Dessus

(French pronunciation: [dsy]; literally 'over.') Used to indicate that the back leg should be brought to close in front of the other leg during a step. For example, assembl, pas de bourre, and glissade can be designated as over or dessus
.
Devant

(French pronunciation: [dv]; literally 'front.') Facing or moving to the front, as in tendu devant or attitude devant.
Dvelopp
Dvelopp

(French pronunciation: [devlpe]) Common abbreviation for temps dvelopp. A movement in which the leg is lifted to cou-de-pied or retir and then fully extended outward, passing through attitude. It can be done to the front (devant), to the
side ( la seconde), or to the back (derrire).
Double

(French pronunciation: [dubl]; 'double.') Making two of a movement, such as in double rond de jambe en l'air.
E
cart

(French pronunciation: [ekate]; literally 'spread,' as in 'separated.') One of the basic positions of the body facing the audience at an oblique angle and with the downstage leg open to the side of the body, along the other diagonal, eit
her touching the floor or en l'air. The arm on the same side as the working leg (i.e. the downstage arm) is raised en haut and the other arm is in second position. The gaze is directed to the raised arm along the same diagonal

In schools that recognize an cart derrire, such as the French school, cart devant is described above, and cart derrire differs in having the working leg in second being on the same side as the corner the body is facing, i.e. the upstage
leg is the working leg; the upstage arm is en haut, and the gaze is directed down the length of the arm in second.
chapp

(French pronunciation: [eape]; literally 'escaped.') A movement done from a closed (first or fifth) position to an open (second or fourth) position. There are two kinds of chapps: chapp saut and chapp sur les pointes or demi-pointes. In
an chapp saut, a dancer takes a deep pli followed by a jump in which the legs "escape" into either second (usually when initiating from first position) or fourth position (usually when initiating from fifth position) landing in demi-pli.
In chapp sur le pointes/demi-pointes a dancer begins with a deep pli, springs onto les pointes or demi-pointes, ending in either second position (when starting from first position) or fourth (when starting from fifth) with knees straight.
The dancer may or may not return to the initial position, depending on the choreography.
lev

(French pronunciation: [elve]; 'raised, lifted.') Rising to pointe or demi-pointe from straight legs and flat feet.[4] This term is used in some schools in contrast with relev (in effect, 'relifted'), which is taken to indicate a rise fr
om pli (bent knees). In other schools (French, Russian, textbook Cecchetti), relev covers both these concepts.
Embot

(French pronunciation: [bwate])

A small traveling step (en avant or en arrire) where each leg is alternately brought to cou-de-pied, passing the previous standing leg in doing so. Both legs shoot straight downward in the air, and land on one foot in cou-de-pied. This s
tep is often done turning ("en tournant"), where each jump rotates 1/2 turn.
A traveling series of jumps where each leg is alternately brought to attitude devant in the air, each foot passing the previous one in alternating.
A series of small walks done on pointe or demi-pointe, traveling either forward (en avant) or backward (en arrire); the dancer stands in sous-sus and brushes one leg to the side, then closes it in the opposite position (front or back) of
where it started, and repeats this motion several times in succession, alternating legs.
A variation on the typical tour piqu/piqu turn, where the dancer does 1/2 piqu turn as usual, then, without coming off relev, steps onto the previously working leg and lifts the previously supporting leg to retir to finish the turn. This
can be done several times in succession. (See "Piqu turn.")

En

(French pronunciation: []; meaning 'in.') A preposition used in description of a dancer's position (e.g., en pli, en relev, en pointe) or holding the meaning 'towards' when describing direction of a movement (en avant, en arrire, en deda
ns, en dehors = 'to the front,' 'to the back', 'to the inside,' 'to the outside').
En avant

See Avant
En arrire

See Arrire
En cloche

See Cloche
En croix

See Croix

Front side back side ( in the shape of a cross )
En dedans

See Dedans

Movement of the leg in an inwards rotation direction
En dehors

See Dehors
En face

See Face
En pointe

See Pointe
Entrechat
Entrechat quatre

(French pronunciation: [ta]; from Italian intrecciata, 'intertwined.') "A step of beating in which the dancer jumps into the air and rapidly crosses the legs before and behind."[5] In an entrechat quatre ('four'), starting from fifth pos
ition, right foot front, a dancer will jump up with legs crossed, execute a changement beating the right thigh at the back of the left thigh, then bring the right leg in front again beating the front of the left thigh, and land in the sam
e position as started. In an entrechat six ('six'), three changes of the feet are made in the air, ultimately changing which foot is in front. Even-numbered entrechats indicate the number of times the legs cross in and out in the air: a r
egular changement is two (one out, one in), entrechat quatre is two outs, two ins; six is three and three; huit is four and four. Odd-numbered entrechats refer to the previous number, but done landing on one foot with the other in cou-de-
pied: for example, an entrechat cinq (five) is the same as an entrechat-quatre, but done landing on one leg.
Entre

(French pronunciation: [te])

The initial part of a grand pas, which serves as an introduction for the suite of dances comprising the grand pas.
The initial appearance of a lead character or characters of a ballet on stage.

Entre de ballet

An autonomous scene of ballet de cour, divertissement, comdie-ballet, opra-ballet, even tragdie lyrique, which brings together several dancers in and out of the scenario.
paul

(French pronunciation: [epole]; 'shouldered.') One of the positions of the body or paulement where the body is at an oblique angle to the audience, the downstage arm is allong in front and the downstage shoulder appears prominent to the
audience as the downstage leg works to the back (e.g. second arabesque).
paulement

(French pronunciation: [epolm]; 'shouldering.') Rotation of the shoulders and head relative to the hips in a pose or a step. This term relates only to the movement of the body from the waist up. The head generally looks over shoulder tha
t is forward (downstage).
F
Face, en

(French pronunciation: [ fas]; 'facing, in front of.') En face indicates facing something directly, generally the audience.
Failli

(French pronunciation: [faji] 'given way', past participle.) A slide or brush-through transition step following a preceding jump or position. Failli is often used as shorth and for a sissonne (ouverte +pas) failli, indicating a jump from
two feet landing on one (sissonne) with the back foot then sliding through to the front (chass pass), and this is often done in conjunction with an assembl: (sissonne) failli assembl. E.g. From crois, the upstage leg opens behind on the s
issonne as the body changes direction in the air to land ouverte effac; the back leg which is now downstage slides through in a chass pass to fourth in front, ending the dancer crois the corner opposite the original. This chass pass is th
e (pas) failli. An assembl (dessus/over) to the opposite corner would reorient the body back to its original position. Failli phrased with arabesque indicates the brushed follow-through of an arabesqued leg from elevated behind to fourth
in front as lead-in to a following step.
First position (feet)

Turned out legs with the feet pointing in opposite directions, heels touching.
Ferm, ferme

(French pronunciation: [fme]; 'closed.') Converse of ouvert(e) ('open'). Ferm may refer to positions (the first, fifth, and third positions of the feet are positions fermes), limbs, directions, or certain exercises or steps. Example: a s
issonne ferme ends with closed legs, as opposed to a sissonne ouverte, which lands on one leg with the other (generally) extended.
Fish dive
A fish dive lift

A partnering dance lift, often performed as part of a pas de deux, in which the male dancer supports the female in a poisson position.
Flic flac

(French pronunciation: [flik flak]) Familiar French term for battement fouett terre. A step where the foot of the working leg sweeps flexed across the floor from pointed la seconde (en l'air, as in dgag) to pointed at cou-de-pied devant
or derrire.
Fondu
Fondu

(French pronunciation: [fdy]; literally 'melted.')

Abbreviation for battement fondu, a lowering of the body made by bending the knee of the supporting leg, the working leg extending out terre or in the air. Saint-Lon wrote, "Fondu is on one leg what a pli is on two." Fondu at the barre o
ften refers to battement fondu dvelopp, where the supporting leg begins fondu with the foot of the working leg at cou-de-pied; the working leg extends out through a petit dvelopp as the supporting leg straightens.
A term used to modify any one-legged position in order to indicate a bent supporting leg (e.g. arabesque fondu).

Fouett
Dancer performing Fouett en tournant en dehors

(French pronunciation: [fwte]; literally 'whipped.') Fouett itself refers to a move where a quick pivot on the supporting leg changes the orientation of the body and the working leg. E.g. A 180-degree or 90-degree fouett could involve a
working leg beginning extended elevated in front; the supporting leg rising onto demi-pointe or pointe quickly executing a "half" turn inside/en dedans, leading to the working leg ending in arabesque and the body now facing the opposite d
irection or stage direction. (This brand of action can be seen in both tour jets and walt turns (pas de valse en tournant).) A fouett could also change the leg/body orientation from, for example, en face la seconde to paul (second) arabes
que/crois first arabesque or effac devant, if outside/en dehors, via a 45-degree turn.

Fouett is also common shorth and for fouett rond de jambe en tournant (pictured here en dehors). A fouett turn is a turn that begins with the supporting leg in pli. As the supporting foot transitions to demi-pointe or pointe, in an en deh
ors turn, the working leg extends forward and then whips around to the side as the working foot is retracted to the supporting knee in retir, creating the impetus to rotate one turn. The working leg returns out of retir nearing the end of
a single rotation to restart the entire leg motion for successive rotations.
Fouett jet

(French pronunciation: [fwte te]) A leap that begins with a fouett.
Frapp
Frapp

(French pronunciation: [fape]; 'struck.') Abbreviation of battement frapp. Action of extending the working foot out from cou-de-pied. In Cecchetti, RAD, and American ballet, on flat, this action involves brushing a flexed (or non-pointed
relaxed) foot from cou-de-pied through the floor, the ball of the foot (lightly) striking as extending out pointed through dgag. In the Russian school, a pointed foot at cou-de-pied extends directly out to dgag height without brushing th
rough the floor. On demi-pointe, Cecchetti employs the Russian style of non-brushed pointed foot directly out. Other schools may use a flexed foot without the strike or a non-brushed pointed foot on demi-pointe.

Frapps are commonly done in singles, doubles, or triples. Double and triple frapps involve tapping the foot (flexed or pointed) at both cou-de-pied devant (or wrapped) and derrire before extending out. (E.g. Double frapp front would be c
ou-de-pied back, cou-de-pied front, dgag front. Double frapp back would be front, back, [dgag] back. Triple frapp front would be front, back, front, [dgag] front.)
Fifth position

A posture in which the feet are turned outward. With one foot in the front and one in the back, you will make fifth position. The front foot is usually facing horizontal while the back foot is diagonal. It does not matter which foot is i
n the front or back, as long as they are turned out. You can do pirouettes, changements, frapps, plies, and much more with fifth position.
G
Glissade

(French pronunciation: [lisad]; literally 'glide.') A traveling step starting in fifth position from demi-pli. The leading foot brushes out to dgag as weight bears on the trailing leg, weight is shifted to the leading leg via a jump and
the trailing foot extends out of pli into degag. The leading foot lands tomb and the trailing foot slides in to meet the leading foot in fifth position demi-pli. A glissade can be done en avant, en arrire, dessous (leading front foot ends
back), dessus (leading back foot ends front), or without a changement of feet.
Glissade prcipite

(French pronunciation: [lisad pesipite]; "precipitated glide".) A quick glissade generally done leading into a following step, such as with glissade jet or glissade assembl.
Grand cart

(French pronunciation: [t eka]; literally "big gap".) Opening the legs to 180, front or sideways. Known as 'spagat' in German or 'the splits' or 'jump splits' in English.
Grand pli

(French pronunciation: [ plije]) A full pli or bending of the knees. Throughout the movement, the pelvis should be kept neutral, the back straight and aligned with the heels, the legs turned out, and the knees over the feet. From standin
g to bent this should be fluid. A purpose of the grand pli is to warm up the ankles and stretch the calves.
Grand jet
A grand jet

(French pronunciation: [ te]) A long horizontal jump, starting from one leg and landing on the other. Known as a split in the air. It is most often done forward and usually involves doing full leg splits in mid-air. It consists basically
of a grand cart with a moving jump. The front leg brushes straight into the air in a grand battement, as opposed to from dvelopp (or an unfolding motion). The back leg follows making the splits in the air. It can be performed en avant (f
orward), la seconde (to the side), en arrire (backward), and en tournant (turning en dedans). The dancer must remember to hit the fullest split at the height of the jump, with weight pushed slightly forward, giving the dancer a gliding ap
pearance.
Grand pas

A suite of individual dances that serves as a showpiece for lead dancers, demi-soloists, and in some cases the corps de ballet. Often regarded as the pice de rsistance of a ballet. It usually consists of an entre, a grand adage, and a co
da, which brings the suite to a conclusion. After the adage, it may include a dance for the corps de ballet (often referred to as the ballabile), variations for demi-soloists, variations for lead ballerina and danseur, or some combination
s of these.

Various types of "grand pas" are found in ballet, including:

A grand pas d'action is one that contri butes to a ballet's story.
In a grand pas classique, classical ballet technique prevails and no character dances are included.
A grand pas de deux serves as the pice de rsistance for the principal male and female characters of a full-length ballet.
A grand pas danced by three or four dancers is a grand pas de trois or grand pas de quatre, respectively.

H
Hortensia

"A male dancer's step in which the dancer jumps into the air with the legs drawn up, one in front of the other, then reverses their position [...] several times before landing with the feet apart again."[6] This step can look akin to swi
mming in air.
J
Jet

(French pronunciation: [te]; 'thrown.') A leap in which one leg appears to be thrown in the direction of the movement (en avant, en arrire, or sideways). There are several kinds of jets, including jet / jet ordinaire (RAD) / pas jet (Rus
.), grand jet, and tour jet (ABT) / grand jet en tournant (Fr./Cecc.) / jet entrelac (Rus.), or the common compound step coup jet (en tournant).

Jet (jet ordinaire/pas jet) refers to a jump initiated en pli, with the pointed working foot brushing out in dgag from cou-de-pied (derrire) to seconde (action similar to a non-Russian-style flat frapp), weight being transferred via a ju
mp propelled by pushing off the standing leg from pli, the leading leg landing tomb and the foot of the other/former standing leg ending cou-de-pied (derrire). Some schools (including ABT at one point) may still refer to this as a petit j
et.
Grand jet:

Grand jet.
see grand jet, a jump initiated with a grand battement en avant of the leading leg while pushing off the trailing leg from pli (usually led into by some moving step such as chass, glissade en avant, or pas couru), the trailing leg brushi
ng to grand battement derrire while in the air, the jump ultimately landing on the leading leg. Resembles the splits (en l'air).
Tour jet / jet entrelac ('turn'/'interlaced') is a grand jet done turning: a jump initiated with a grand battement en avant of the leading leg, followed by a fouett turning the direction of the body 180 degrees and the trailing leg brush
ing through to a grand battement derrire, the jump landing arabesque with the leading leg now the standing (landing) leg.
Coup jet en tournant is a compound step, usually done in multiples en mange ('in a circle'), of a coup (changing the supporting foot) initiating the first quarter of a turn leading into a grand jet completing the 360-degree rotation of t
he turn.
Petit jet in RAD and the French school[5] refers to a one-footed changement passing through cou-de-pied and is what other schools refer to as a changement embot.

M
Manges

Manges is a classical ballet term meaning circular. It describes when a dancer does steps in a circular pattern around the stage.

Usually, manges will be a repetition of one or two steps, but can also be a combination of several. For example, a coup jet manges is typically done by a male dancer in a coda of a classical pas de deux. Ballerinas will often do piqu man
ges in a variation or also in a coda.
O
Ouvert, ouverte

(French pronunciation: [uv(t)]; 'open, opened.') Converse of ferm(e) ('closed'). Ouvert may refer to positions (the second and fourth positions of the feet are positions ouvertes), limbs, directions, or certain exercises or steps. In the
French School, this term is used to indicate a position or direction of the body similar to effac.
P
Partnering

Dancing performed by a pair of dancers, typically a male and a female, in which the pair strives to achieve a harmony of coordinated movements so that the audience remains unaware of the mechanics. A dance that is focused on a single pai
r of partnering dancers is a pas de deux. For a male dancer, partnering may involve lifting, catching, and carrying a partner, and providing assistance and support for leaps, promenades and pirouettes.
Pas

(French pronunciation: [p]; literally 'step.') A dance, or a suite of dances as in grand pas.
Pas de basque

(French pronunciation: [p d() bask]; 'step of the Basques.') Halfway between a step and a leap, taken on the floor (gliss) or with a jump (saut); it can be done moving toward the front or toward the back. This step can also be found in S
cottish highl and dance.

Starting in fifth position crois, a dancer executes a pli while brushing the downstage leg out to tendu front. The downstage leg does a demi rond de jambe to the opposite corner while the body turns to face that corner. Weight is quickly
transferred to that brushed leg, now upstage, allowing the dancer to pass the newly downstage leg through first position via a chass pass to fourth devant, ending crois the new corner, and finishing by bringing the upstage leg in to clos
e fifth.
Pas de bourre
Jazz dance pas de bourre, which differs slightly from ballet[clarification needed]

(French pronunciation: [p d() bue]; 'step of bourre.') A quick sequence of movements beginning with extension of the first leg while demi-pli, closing the first leg to the second as both transition to relev (demi-pointe or pointe), exten
ding the second leg to an open position while relev, and closing the first leg to the second in demi-pli (or optionally with legs straight if performed quickly or as the final step of an enchainement). Variants include:

pas de bourre derrire 'behind' / pas de bourre devant 'front'
pas de bourre dessus 'over,' initially closing the working foot in front / pas de bourre dessous 'under,' initially closing the working foot behind
pas de bourre en arriere 'traveling backward' / pas be bourre en avant 'traveling forward'
pas be bourre en tournant en dedans 'turning inward' / pas de bourre en tournant en dehors 'turning outward'
pas de bourre ouvert 'open,' an open->closed->open sequence
pas de bourre piqu 'pricked,' with working leg quickly lifted after pricking the floor
pas de bourre couru 'running,' also 'flowing like a river'

Pas de chat
Pas de chat

(French pronunciation: [p d() a]; 'step of the cat.') A traveling sideways jump where while mid-air the legs are successively bent, brought to retir, feet as high up as possible, knees apart. The Dance of the Cygnets from Swan Lake invol
ves sixteen pas de chat performed by four dancers holding hands, arms interlaced.

In the Cecchetti and French schools, this may be referred to as a saut de chat ('jump of the cat').
Grand pas de chat

A jump where the leading leg extends forward through grand battement or dvelopp and the trailing leg remains in retir until landing.
"Russian" pas de chat

A jump where the legs are successively brought to attitude derrire instead of retir.[5] This variant of the pas de chat appears in several Petipa ballets (e.g. the 4th variation in Paquita).
Pas de cheval

(French pronunciation: [p d ()val]; 'step of the horse.') A movement of the leg (when extended) through first or fifth position, to cou-de-pied and then energetically out to a pointe tendue through a petit dvelopp.
Pas de deux

('Step of two.') A dance duet, usually performed by a female and a male dancer.
Pas de poisson

(French pronunciation: [p d pwas]; 'step of the fish.') A type of soubresaut, or a jump without a change of feet. From fifth position, a dancer executes a deep demi-pli and then jumps arching the back with straight legs behind, so that t
he body is curved like a fish jumping out of water. Also called temps de poisson.
Pas de quatre

('Step of four.') A dance by four dancers.
Pas de trois

('Step of three.') A dance by three dancers.
Pas de valse

(French pronunciation: [p d() vals]; 'waltz step.') A sequence of three stepsfondu, relev, elev (down, up, up)always advancing (like a march), done in three counts to music generally in 3
4 time, traveling in any direction or while turning (en tournant). The feet do not assemble (or "cross each other") on any step as occurs in a balanc; each step instead passes the last.
Pass
Pass

(French pronunciation: [pse]; literally 'passed.') Passing the working foot through from back to front or vice versa. Generally used to refer to retir pass, indicating passing the foot of the working leg past the knee of the supporting l
eg (on, below, or above) from back to front or front to back. Retir pass may initiate or complete by sliding the working foot up or down the supporting leg from or to the floor, may be executed directly from an open position such as in pi
rouette from fourth, or may transition from knee to another position such as arabesque or attitude (as in dvelopp). A chass can also pass through from back to front as in (sissonne) failli: chass pass.
Pench
Arabesque pench

(French pronunciation: [pe]; 'tilted'.) Tilting the body forward about the hip of the supporting leg so that the head is lower than the working leg, as in arabesque pench. Doing a split while standing on one foot. The dancer lifts the le
g more than 90 degrees.
Petit saut

(French pronunciation: [p()ti so]; 'small jump.') A small jump, in which the feet do not change positions in mid-air; also called temps lev saut in the Vaganova vocabulary.
Piqu

(French pronunciation: [pike]; meaning 'pricked.') A movement in which the raised, pointed foot of the working leg is lowered so that it pricks the floor and then either rebounds upward (as in battement piqu) or becomes a supporting foot
. In the latter case, it may be used to transfer a stance from one leg to the other by stepping out directly onto an en pointe or demi-pointe foot and often immediately precedes a movement that entails elevating the new working leg, such
as a piqu arabesque.

In Cecchetti and RAD, the term pos is used instead of piqu outside of the battement: piqu arabesque and ABT piqu turn/tour piqu (en dedans) / Rus. tour dgag = RAD/Cecc. pos arabesque and pos turn/pos en tournant.
Piqu turn

A tour piqu or piqu turn is a traveling turn executed by the leg stepping out onto an en pointe or demi-pointe foot becoming the supporting leg while the working leg moves from pli to retir derrire, if an en dedans turn, or retir devant,
if an en dehors turn. In fast piqu turns, petit retir may be executed instead (i.e. working foot at cou-de-pied). Most commonly done en dedans, piqu turns en dehors are also referred to as lame ducks.
Pirouette
Pirouette

(French pronunciation: [piwt]) A non-traveling turn on one leg, of one or more rotations, often starting with one or both legs in pli and rising onto demi-pointe or pointe. The non-supporting leg is generally held in retir devant ('front
')when initiated from fourth, this would be a retir pass but could also be held in other positions such as seconde. Pirouettes are most often executed en dehors, turning outwards in the direction of the working leg, but can also be done en
dedans, turning inwards in the direction of the supporting leg. (e.g. En dehors turns clockwise (to the right) if the right leg is working and the left leg supporting/standing.) Spotting is employed to help maintain balance. A pirouette
may return to its starting position or finish in arabesque or attitude.

In other genres of dance, such as jazz or modern, it is common to see pirouettes performed with legs parallel (i.e. sixth position) instead of turned out as in ballet.
Pli
Demi-pli

(French pronunciation: [plije]; literally 'bent.') A smooth and continuous bending of the knees outward with the upper body held upright.

In demi-pli, (in a first, second, fourth, and fifth position) a dancer bends the knees while maintaining turnout. While in a demi-plie position one must remember to have proper alignment. Head over shoulders, shoulders over hips over kne
es and knees over feet. When initiating a demi-plie one must pull up and resist against going down. Leng thening from the center and back of the head and pressing down through the floor through the balls of the feet. As you are bending you
r knees you have to maintain the proper alignment and make sure that the knees are going over the big toe. Creating proper turn out by rotating the inner thighs forward and you go down. Making sure to keep the pelvis in line as you go dow
n and up so that you do not release your seat and stick your chest forward. at the same time engaging your core,(stomach) by pressing your naval towards your spine. The knees bending directly above the line of the toes without releasing t
he heels from the floor. As soon as the bottom of the bend is reached, the bend is reversed and the legs are straightened.

In grand pli, (in first, second, fourth, and fifth position) While doing a grand-plie position one must remember to have proper alignment. Head over shoulders, shoulders over hips over knees and knees over feet. When initiating a grand-p
lie one must pull up and resist against going down. Leng thening from the center and back of the head and pressing down through the floor through the balls of the feet. As you are bending your knees you have to maintain the proper alignmen
t and make sure that the knees are going over the big toe. Heels come off the ground past demi-pli with the feet ending in a demi-pointe at the bottom of the bend. Making sure to create proper turn out by rotating the inner thighs forward
and you go down. Making sure to keep the pelvis in line as you go down and up so that you do not release your seat and stick your chest forward, and at the same time engaging your core,(stomach) by pressing your navel towards your spine.
As soon as the bottom of the bend is reached, the bend is reversed and the legs are straightened. *Note: Heels do not come up off the floor in a second position.
Pointe, en
An en pointe foot in a pointe shoe

(French pronunciation: [ pwt]) Supporting one's body weight on the tips of the toes, usually while wearing structurally reinforced pointe shoes.
Pointe technique

The part of classical ballet technique that concerns pointe work (dancing on the tips of the toes).
Pointe work

Performing steps while on the tips of the toes, with feet fully extended and wearing pointe shoes, a structurally reinforced type of shoe designed specifically for this purpose. Most often performed by women.
Poisson

(French pronunciation: [pwas]; literally 'fish.') A body position in which the back is arched and legs are crossed in fifth position or the working leg is held retir. This position may be assumed while jumping or in partnering lifts, as
in a fish dive.
Port de bras

(French pronunciation: [p d() ba]; 'carriage of the arms.') An exercise for the movement of the arms (and in some schools, the upper body) to different positions. For example, a basic port de bras exercise could move from fifth en bas ('
low') (i.e. bras bas or preparatory position) to first arm position, to second arm position, back down to fifth en bas. A full port de bras could move from en bas to en haut ('high', i.e. overhead) and back down. Port de bras movements va
ry by school and by action.

The phrase port de bras is used in some schools and parts of the world to indicate a bending forward, backward, or circularly of the body at the waist, generally to be followed by bringing the upper body back to center/upright again, e.g
. "port de bras forward," "port de bras back," "circular port de bras/grand port de bras." Bending at the waist is otherwise known as cambr.
Pos

French pronunciation: [poze]; A term of the Cecchetti school and RAD. From a fondu, a dancer steps with a straight leg onto an en pointe or demi-pointe foot, then brings the working leg to cou-de-pied, so that if the step is repeated, th
e working leg will execute a petit dvelopp. This can be done in any direction or turning (the later also known as tour piqu).
Positions of the arms
Arms held in Cecchetti's "Spanish fourth" position

There are two basic positions of the arms. In one, the dancer keeps the fingers of both arms almost touching to form an oval/round shape, either near the hips, at navel level, or raised above the dancer's head. In the other, the arms are
extended to the sides with the elbows slightly bent. These positions may be combined to give other positions.

Different schools, such as Vaganova, French, and Cecchetti, Russian often use different names for similar arm positions. The Russian school names three arm positions while the other schools name five.

Bras bas ('arms low') (RAD)/bras au repos ('at rest') (French), preparatory position (Rus.), or fifth en bas (Cecc.) holds the arms low and slightly rounded near the hip.
First position holds the arms round or oval in front of the body somewhere between the naval and breastbone (depending on the school and movement), the fingertips of the hands approaching each other. In Cecchetti, the hands stay a little
lower at tutu height.
Second position in all schools holds the arms extended out to the side, the inner part of the upper arm parallel to the ground with the forearms and palms facing the audience. The roundness and shoulder height of the arms varies by schoo
l.
Third position in the French/RAD schools holds one arm in second with the other arm in first. The Russian equivalent of this may be petit bras.[citation needed]
Third position in Cecchetti holds one arm in a Cecchetti first and the other arm in demi-seconde.
Third position in the Russian school holds both arms slightly rounded overhead. This is equivalent to fifth position (en haut) in other schools.
Fourth position or fourth ouvert ('open') consists of one arm en haut ('high,' i.e. raised overhead) and the other open to second position. This is called fourth en haut in Cecchetti. The Russian school does not designate a fourth positi
on; the Russian equivalent may be grand bras.
Fourth position crois ('crossed') or Spanish fourth in Cecchetti consists of one arm en haut and the other held in first position/Cecchetti fifth en avant.
Fifth position in the French/RAD schools and fifth en haut in Cecchetti holds the arms en haut slightly rounded, fingertips approaching each other. This is called third position in the Russian school, which does not designate a fifth (or
fourth) position. Cecchetti also recognizes a fifth en bas, the preparatory/bras bas position in other schools, and a fifth en avant, arms rounded between naval/chest height, known as first position in other schools.

Additionally:

Demi-bras ('half arms') holds the arms between first and second position, outstretched with palms presented towards the audience.
Demi-seconde ('half second') holds the arms low out to the side as if grazing the tutu, palms generally down.

Positions of the body

There are eight to eleven positions of the body in ballet, eight in Cecchetti and RAD and ten or eleven in the Russian and French schools. The general positions are crois, la quatrime, effac, la seconde, cart, and paul. Cecchetti and RAD
's eight include crois devant, la quatrime devant, effac (devant), la seconde, crois derrire, cart, paul, and la quatrime derrire. The Russian school further divides effac and paul into effac devant, effac derrire, paul devant, and paul d
errire, and the Russian arm positions on crois derrire are the converse of Cecchetti/RAD's. In addition, the French school further divides cart into cart devant and cart derrire.
Positions of the feet

The standard, basic placements of feet on the floor. Modern-day classical ballet employs five positions, known as the first position, second position, third position, fourth position, and fifth position.
Pulling Up

Pulling up is critical to the simple act of rising up on balance and involves the use of the entire body. The feeling of being simultaneously grounded and "pulled up" is necessary for many steps in ballet. To pull up, a dancer must lift
the ribcage and sternum but keep the shoulders down, relaxed and centered over the hips, which requires use of the abdominal muscles. In addition, the dancer must stabilize the pelvis, maintaining a neutral position, and keep the back str
aight to avoid arching and going off balance.
Petite Battement

Petite battement is when a ballet dancer swiftly moves his/her leg in front then behind their calf. This motion is normally done at the barre during warm-up. A more advanced dancer would only move their knee, to complete this action.
Q
Quatre

(French pronunciation: [kat]) Four of something, as in pas de quatre (a dance by four dancers).
Quatrime

(French pronunciation: [katijm]) Meaning 'fourth'.
R
Renvers

(French pronunciation: [vse]) An attitude presented on a turn.[7]
Relev
Relev exercise at a barre

(French pronunciation: [lve]; 'raised, lifted.') Rising onto the balls (demi-pointe) or toes (pointe) of one or both feet. See also lev.
Relev lent

(French pronunciation: [lve l]; 'lifted slowly.') Abbreviation of battement relev lent. Term from the Russian school indicating raising the leg slowly from pointe tendue to 45 degrees or higher off the ground. Contrasts with (battement)
tendu jet, aka dgag, in which the leg brushes out propulsively from a position through tendu to elevated off the ground, and (temps) dvelopp, in which the leg passes through retir (or petit retir) to la hauteur or demi-hauteur, i.e. eleva
ted off the ground.
Retir
Working leg in retir devant and retir derrire

(French pronunciation: [tie]) A position of the working leg in which the leg is raised turned out and bent at the knee to the side so that the toe is located directly in front of (retir devant) or behind (retir derrire) the supporting kn
ee. This is commonly used in pirouettes and as an intermediate position in other movements such as dvelopp front.
Revoltade

(French pronunciation: [vltad]) A bravura jump in which one lands on the leg from which one pushes off after that leg travels around the other leg lifted to 90 degrees.
Rond de jambe
Rond de jambe

(French pronunciation: [ d() b]; meaning 'leg circle.') Half-circle made by the pointed foot, from fourth front or back through second position to the opposite fourth and returning through first position again to repeat, in effect tracin
g out the letter "D." Starting front going back is called rond de jambe en dehors while starting back and going front is called rond de jambe en dedans.

Rond de jambe terre/par terre: ('on the ground.') The extended leg with pointed toe remains on the ground to sweep around in a semi-circle.
Rond de jambe attitude: the leg is swung around from front to side and into attitude position behind as the supporting foot goes en pointe. (See also attitude.)
Rond de jambe en l'air: ('in the air.') The leg is lifted and sustained to the side ( la seconde), with movement being limited to below the knee. If the thigh is held at 90 degrees from the body, the toe draws a circle approximately betw
een the knee of the supporting leg and second position in the air. If the thigh is held lower (e.g. 45 degrees), the circle is drawn to the calf of the supporting leg. This is commonly done in singles, doubles, and/or saut.
Grand rond de jambe (en l'air): the leg is extended and sustained at grand battement height to draw a semi-circle in the air.
Demi-grand rond de jambe (en l'air): the leg is extended and sustained off the ground while moving from fourth devant or derrire to second or vice versa, thus drawing only half of the full semi-circle.[8]

Royale

(French pronunciation: [wajal]) Another name for changement battu. A changement with a beating of the legs preceding the foot change. Example: with the right foot in front in fifth position, pli, jump, beat the right thigh against the le
ft (back thigh) and continue with a changement moving the right leg to behind the left, landing fifth position left foot front.
S
Saut

(French pronunciation: [sote]; literally 'jumped.') Used to indicate a step executed jumping, e.g. saut arabesque is an arabesque performed while jumping on the supporting leg.
Saut de chat

(French pronunciation: [so d a]) In RAD and American ballet, saut de chat refers to a jump similar to a grande jt differing in that the front leg extends through a dvelopp instead of a grand battement. This is called a grande jt dvelopp
in other schools.

In the French and Cecchetti schools, saut de chat refers to what RAD/ABT call a pas de chat.
Scfuri

A rise, from flat to demi-pointe (from the balls to the tips of both feet), usually done multiple times in quick succession where the legs are turned out in a grand pas position.
Second position (feet)

Legs turned out with feet pointing in opposite directions and heels at least shoulder-width apart.
Sickle

A term that refers to the reverse of a winging, indicating a foot where the heel is too far back so the toes are in front of the ankle and heel, breaking the line of the leg at the ankle. If a dancer sickles an en pointe or demi-pointe f
oot, the ankle could collapse to the outside, resulting in a sprain. A working foot should be straight to the side and mildly winged to the front or back.
Sissonne
Sissones

(French pronunciation: [sisn]) A jump done from two feet to one foot. Named after the originator of the step. In a sissonne over (dessus) the back foot closes in front, and in a sissonne under (dessous) the front foot closes behind. Siss
onnes finishing on two feet include the sissonne ferme, sissonne tombe, and sissonne fondue.
Soubresaut

(French pronunciation: [subso]) A sudden spring or small jump from both feet, traveling forward in either first, third, or fifth position and landing on both feet in the same position as they started.
Sous-sous

(French pronunciation: [su su]; literally 'under-under.') A relev, or rise, into a tight fifth position, feet touching and ankles crossed, giving the appearance of one foot with two heels. A term from the Cecchetti school, sus-sous ('ove
r-under') is the equivalent term in the French and Russian schools.[9]
Soutenu en tournant

(French pronunciation: [sutny tun]; 'sustained.') Similar to tours chans (dbouls), a soutenu turn is a turn usually done in multiples in quick succession. The dancer first executes a demi-pli while extending the leading leg in tendu, ste
pping onto that leg en pointe/demi-pointe (making it the standing leg), then bringing the other leg to 5th position in front of the standing leg and finally turning (effectively, an unwinding motion). At the end of the rotation, the origi
nally crossed-over foot in front should now be in 5th position behind.

Common abbreviation of assembl soutenu en tournant (Cecc.). This is known as a glissade en tourant in the Russian school.

When done at the barre en demi-pointe to switch sides, only half a turn is done instead of a full turn, and the foot does not extend out into tendu. Differs from a dtourn in that there is a repositioning of the feet on finishing (and a c
rossing action, if not initiated in 5th) vs. just a pivot to half turn.
Split

A configuration of the legs in which the legs are extended in opposite directions, either to the side (straddle split) or with one leg forward and the other back (front split). This is employed in various movements, including grand jet a
nd arabesque penche.
Sur le cou-de-pied

(French pronunciation: [sy l ku d pje]; literally 'on the neck of the foot.') The arched working foot is placed wrapped at the part of the leg between the base of the calf and the beginning of the ankle. On the accent devant (front), the
heel of the working foot is placed in front of the leg, while the toes point to the back, allowing the instep (cou-de-pied in French) of the working foot to hug the lower leg. On the accent derrire (back), the heel of the working leg is
placed behind the leg with the toes pointing to the back. The action of alternating between devant and derrire is seen in a petit battement.
T
Tendu
Tendu exercise at a barre

(French pronunciation: [tdy]; literally 'stretched.') Gradually extending the working leg to the front (tendu devant), side, or back, passing from flat to demi-pointe to point where only the toes are touching the floor (tendu terre), or
only the pointed toes are elevated (en l'air). A common abbreviation for battement tendu.
Tights

Most ballet dancers wear tights in practices and performances unless in some contemporary and character dances or variations.
Temps lev

(French pronunciation: [t l()ve]; literally 'time raised.') A term from the Cecchetti school indicating a hop on one foot while the other is raised in any position. The instep is fully arched when leaving the ground and the spring must c
ome from the pointing of the toe and the extension of the leg after the demi-pli.

In the Cecchetti method, the specifically indicates a spring from fifth position while raising one foot to sur le cou-de-pied. In the Russian and French schools, this is known as sissonne simple.
Temps lev saut

(French pronunciation: [t l()ve sote]; literally 'time raised jumped.') A term from the Russian school. This can be executed with both feet from first, second, third, fourth, or fifth position starting with a demi-pli, leading to a jump
in the air that lands with the feet in the same position as they started. (Otherwise known as simply a saut or saut.) This can also be performed from one foot, while the other maintains the same position it had before starting the jump (i
.e. the same as temps lev).
Temps li

(French pronunciation: [t lje]; 'time linked.') A term indicating the transfer of weight from one leg to another by shifting through to the position without any sort of gliding or sliding movement.
Tours en l'air
Tours en l'air.

(French pronunciation: [tuz l ]; literally 'turn in the air.') A jump, typically done by males, with a full rotation in the air. The landing can be on both feet, on one leg with the other extended in attitude or arabesque, or down on one
knee as at the end of a variation. A single tour is a 360 rotation, a double is 720. Vaslav Nijinsky was known to perform triple tours en l'air.
Tomb

(French pronunciation: [tbe]; literally 'fallen.') The action of falling, typically used as a lead-in movement to a traveling step, e.g. pas de bourre. A tomb en avant begins with a coup to the front moving to a dgag to fourth position d
evant, the extended foot coming down to the floor with the leg en pli, shifting the weight of the body onto the front leg and lifting the back leg off the floor in dgag (to fourth derrire). A tomb through second starts with a dgag of the
leading leg to second position, the leading foot coming to the floor with the leg in pli, and the trailing leg lifting off the floor in dgag to (the opposite-side) second position. A tomb en avant can also be initiated with a small slidin
g hop instead of a coup.

In the Vaganova school, the full term is sissonne ouverte tombe.
Triple Runs

One big step, followed by two little steps, that can be done in a circle.
Turnout
Turnout in first position of the feet

Rotation of the legs at the hips, resulting in knees and feet facing away from each other.
Tutu

A classic ballet skirt, typically flat at the waist or hip level, made of several layers of tulle or tarlatan.

Tendu Passe
U
V
Variation

A solo dance.
Virtuoso

A dancer with great technical ability and skill.
W
Waltz
A sequence of steps performed in sync with waltz music, as in pas de waltz en tournant.



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now begins generated list of local instances, definitions, quotes, instances in chapters, wordnet info if available and instances among weblinks


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IN CHAPTERS TEXT

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Ballet
SIMILAR TITLES
Ballet (list)

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WORDNET



--- Overview of noun ballet_

The noun ballet has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
                    
1. (4) ballet, concert dance ::: (a theatrical representation of a story that is performed to music by trained dancers)
2. (1) ballet ::: (music written for a ballet)


--- Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by Estimated Frequency) of noun ballet_

2 senses of ballet                          

Sense 1
ballet, concert dance
   => stage dancing, choreography
     => dancing, dance, terpsichore, saltation
       => diversion, recreation
         => activity
           => act, deed, human action, human activity
             => event
               => psychological feature
                 => abstraction, abstract entity
                   => entity
       => performing arts
         => humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, arts
           => discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick
             => knowledge domain, knowledge base, domain
               => content, cognitive content, mental object
                 => cognition, knowledge, noesis
                   => psychological feature
                     => abstraction, abstract entity
                       => entity
     => show
       => social event
         => event
           => psychological feature
             => abstraction, abstract entity
               => entity

Sense 2
ballet
   => music
     => auditory communication
       => communication
         => abstraction, abstract entity
           => entity


--- Hyponyms of noun ballet_

1 of 2 senses of ballet                        

Sense 1
ballet, concert dance
   => classical ballet
   => modern ballet
   => comedy ballet


--- Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by Estimated Frequency) of noun ballet_

2 senses of ballet                          

Sense 1
ballet, concert dance
   => stage dancing, choreography

Sense 2
ballet
   => music




--- Coordinate Terms (sisters) of noun ballet_

2 senses of ballet                          

Sense 1
ballet, concert dance
  -> stage dancing, choreography
   => ballet, concert dance
   => modern dance
   => apache dance
   => belly dance, belly dancing, danse du ventre
   => bolero
   => cakewalk
   => cancan
   => nude dancing

Sense 2
ballet
  -> music
   => section, subdivision
   => pizzicato
   => monophony, monophonic music, monody
   => polyphony, polyphonic music, concerted music
   => polytonality, polytonalism
   => popularism
   => harmony, musical harmony
   => tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase
   => part music
   => musical composition, opus, composition, piece, piece of music
   => instrumental music
   => prelude
   => overture
   => antiphony
   => refrain, chorus
   => ballet
   => dance music
   => serialism, serial music
   => syncopation
   => music genre, musical genre, genre, musical style
   => Bach
   => Beethoven
   => Brahms
   => Chopin
   => Gilbert and Sullivan
   => Handel
   => Haydn
   => Mozart
   => Stravinsky
   => Wagner
   => Ta'ziyeh
   => vocal music, vocal




--- Grep of noun ballet_
ballet company
ballet dancer
ballet master
ballet mistress
ballet position
ballet skirt



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