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object:3.00.1 - Foreword
book class:The Practice of Psycho therapy
author class:Carl Jung
subject class:Psychology
class:chapter


III
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE TRANSFERENCE 1
INTERPRETED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SET OF ALCHEMICAL PICTURES
Quaero non pono, nihil hic determino dictans Coniicio, conor, confero, tento, rogo....
(I inquire, I do not assert; I do not here determine anything with final assurance; I
conjecture, try, compare, attempt, ask....)
Motto to Christian Knorr von Rosenroth,
Adumbratio Kabbalae Christianae
TO MY WIFEFOREWORD
Everyone who has had practical experience of psycho therapy knows that
the process which Freud called transference often presents a difficult
problem. It is probably no exaggeration to say that almost all cases requiring
lengthy treatment gravitate round the phenomenon of transference, and that
the success or failure of the treatment appears to be bound up with it in a
very fundamental way. Psychology, therefore, cannot very well overlook or
avoid this problem, nor should the psycho therapist pretend that the so-called
resolution of the transference is just a matter of course. We meet with a
similar optimism in the treatment of sublimation, a process closely
connected with the transference. In discussing these phenomena, people often
talk as though they could be dealt with by reason, or by intelligence and will,
or could be remedied by the ingenuity and art of a doctor armed with
superior technique. This euphemistic and propitiatory approach is useful
enough when the situation is not exactly simple and no easy results are to be
had; but it has the disadvantage of disguising the difficulty of the problem
and thus preventing or postponing deeper investigation. Although I originally
agreed with Freud that the importance of the transference could hardly be
overestimated, increasing experience has forced me to realize that its
importance is relative. The transference is like those medicines which are a
panacea for one and pure poison for another. In one case its appearance
denotes a change for the better, in another it is a hindrance and an
aggravation, if not a change for the worse, and in a third it is relatively
unimportant. Generally speaking, however, it is a critical phenomenon of
varying shades of meaning and its absence is as significant as its presence.
In this book I am concerned with the classical form of transference and
its phenomenology. As it is a form of relationship, it always implies a vis--
vis. Where it is negative or not there at all, the vis--vis plays an unimportant
part, as is generally the case, for instance, when there is an inferiority
complex coupled with a compensating need for self-assertion.
It may seem strange to the reader that, in order to throw light on the
transference, I should turn to something so apparently remote as alchemical
2symbolism. But anyone who has read my book Psychology and Alchemy will
know what close connections exist between alchemy and those phenomena
which must, for practical reasons, be considered in the psychology of the
unconscious. Consequently he will not be surprised to learn that this
phenomenon, shown by experience to be so frequent and so important, also
has its place in the symbolism and imagery of alchemy. Such images are not
likely to be conscious representations of the transference relationship;
rather, they unconsciously take that relationship for granted, and for this
reason we may use them as an Ariadne thread to guide us in our argument.
The reader will not find an account of the clinical phenomena of
transference in this book. It is not intended for the beginner who would first
have to be instructed in such matters, but is addressed exclusively to those
who have already gained sufficient experience from their own practice. My
object is to provide some kind of orientation in this newly discovered and still
unexplored territory, and to acquaint the reader with some of its problems. In
view of the great difficulties that beset our understanding here, I would like
to stress the provisional character of my investigation. I have tried to put
together my observations and ideas, and I recommend them to the readers
consideration in the hope of directing his attention to certain points of view
whose importance has forced itself upon me in the course of time. I am afraid
that my description will not be easy reading for those who do not possess
some knowledge of my earlier works. I have therefore indicated in the
footnotes those of my writings which might be of assistance.
The reader who approaches this book more or less unprepared will
perhaps be astonished at the amount of historical material I bring to bear on
my investigation. The reason and inner necessity for this lie in the fact that it
is only possible to come to a right understanding and appreciation of a
contemporary psychological problem when we can reach a point outside our
own time from which to observe it. This point can only be some past epoch
that was concerned with the same problems, although under different
conditions and in other forms. The comparative analysis thus made possible
naturally demands a correspondingly detailed account of the historical
aspects of the situation. These could be described much more succinctly if we
were dealing with well-known material, where a few references and hints
would suffice. But unfortunately that is not the case, since the psychology of
alchemy here under review is almost virgin territory. I must therefore take it
for granted that the reader has some knowledge of my Psychology andAlchemy, otherwise it will be hard for him to gain access to the present
volume. The reader whose professional and personal experience has
sufficiently acquainted him with the scope of the transference problem will
forgive me this expectation.
Although the present study can stand on its own, it forms at the same time
an introduction to a more comprehensive account of the problem of opposites
in alchemy, and of their phenomenology and synthesis, which will appear
later under the title Mysterium Coniunctionis. I would like to express my
thanks here to all those who read my manuscript and drew attention to
defects. My particular thanks are due to Dr Marie-Louise von Franz for her
generous help.
C. G. J UNG
Autumn, 1945



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