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object:2.3.2 - Chhandogya Upanishad
book class:Kena and Other Upanishads
class:chapter


Chhandogya Upanishad
Chapter I
and the first section

1. Worship ye OM, the eternal syllable. OM is Udgitha, the
chant of Samaveda; for with OM they begin the chant of
Sama. And this is the exposition of OM.

2. Earth is the substantial essence of all these creatures and
the waters are the essence of earth; herbs of the field are
the essence of the waters; man is the essence of the herbs.
Speech is the essence of man, Rigveda the essence of Speech,
Sama the essence of Rik. Of Sama OM is the essence.


3. This is the eighth essence of the essences and the really essential, the highest and it belongeth to the upper hemisphere
of things.

4. Which among things & which again is Rik; which among
things and which again is Sama; which among things and
which again is OM of the Udgitha - this is now pondered.

5. Speech is Rik, Breath is Sama; the Imperishable is OM of
Udgitha. These are the divine lovers, Speech & Breath, Rik
& Sama.

6. As a pair of lovers are these and they cling together in OM
the eternal syllable; now when the beloved and her lover
meet, verily they gratify each the desire of the other.

7. He becometh a gratifier of the desires of men who with this
knowledge worshippeth OM the eternal syllable.

8. Now this OM is the syllable of Assent; for to whatsoever
one assenteth, one sayeth OM; and assent is blessing of
increase. Verily he becometh a blesser and increaser of the
desires of men who with this knowledge worshippeth OM
the eternal syllable.

9. By OM the triple knowledge proceedeth; with OM the priest
reciteth the Rik, with OM he pronounceth the Yajur, with
OM he chanteth the Sama. And all this is for the heaping
up of the Imperishable and by the greatness of It and the
delightfulness.

10. He doeth works by OM who hath the knowledge, and he
also who hath it not; but these are diverse, the Knowledge
and the Ignorance. Whatso work one doeth with knowledge,
with faith and with the secret of Veda, it becometh to him
more virile and mighty. This is the exposition of the eternal
letters.
And the second section


dvAs;rA h v
{ y/ s\y

1. The Gods and the Demons strove together and both were
children of the Almighty Father. Then the Gods took up for
weapon OM of Udgitha, for they said "With this we shall
overcome these Titans."

t




2. The Gods worshipped OM as Breath in the nostrils; but the
Demons came and smote it with the arrow of Evil; therefore
it smelleth both alike, the sweet scent and the evil odour.
For it is smitten through and through with Evil.

aT h vAcm;;FTm;pAsA\cE[r



3. Then the Gods worshipped OM as Speech; but the Demons
came and smote it with the arrow of Evil; therefore it
speaketh both alike, Truth and Falsehood. For it is smitten
through and through with Evil.

Chhandogya Upanishad

253

aT h c";z;FTm;pAsA\cE[r

t


4. Then the Gods worshipped OM as the Eye; but the Demons
came and smote it with the arrow of Evil; therefore it beholdeth both alike, the fair to see and the foul of favour. For
it is smitten through and through with Evil.



t


5. Then the Gods worshipped OM as the Ear; but the Demons
came and smote it with the arrow of Evil; therefore it heareth
both alike, that which is well to hear and that which is harsh
and unseemly. For it is smitten through and through with
Evil.

aT h mn u;FTm;pAsA\cE[r

t



Ev!m^ 6
6. Then the Gods worshipped Udgitha as Mind; but the
Demons came and smote it with the arrow of Evil; therefore it conceiveth both alike, right thoughts and unlawful
imaginations. For it is smitten through and through with
Evil.

7. Then the Gods worshipped OM as this which is Breath in the
mouth and the Demons rushing against it dashed themselves
to pieces; as when an object striketh against firm and solid
rock, it dasheth to pieces upon the rock.


hv s Ev@v\st

pAp\ kAmyt

{nmEBdAsEt s eqo_$mAKZ, 8
8. And even as an object hurling against firm and solid rock

254

Kena and Other Upanishads: Part Two
dasheth itself to pieces, so he hurleth himself upon destruction whoso desireth evil against the Knower or whoso doeth
him hurt; for the Knower is as that firm and solid rock.

n
{v
{t



yE(pbEt t


&yAddA(y

9. With this Breath one cogniseth neither sweet scent nor ill
odour, for it hath flung Evil from it. Whatsoever one eateth
with this or drinketh, thereby it cherisheth the other breaths.
At the end and last when he findeth not the breath, the Spirit
goeth out from the body; verily he openeth wide the mouth
as he goeth.

t\ hAE=rA u;FTm;pAsA\c[ etm; evAE=rs\ m y t

rs, 10
10. Angiras worshipped OM of Udgitha as Breath in the mouth
and men think of Breath in the mouth as Angiras because it
is essence of the members of the body.

t



11. By the strength of Angiras, Brihaspati worshipped OM as
Breath in the mouth, and men think of the Breath as Brihaspati, because Speech is the great goddess and Breath is the
lord of Speech.

t

ydyt

12. By the strength of Brihaspati, Ayasya worshipped OM as
Breath in the mouth and men think of the Breath as Ayasya,
because 'tis from the mouth it cometh.

t


s h -m
{

Chhandogya Upanishad

255

13. By the strength of Ayasya, Baka the son of Dalbha knew
the Breath. And he became the Chanter of the Sama among
the Naimishiyas and he chanteth their desires for them unto
fulfilment.

aAgAtA h v
{ kAmAnA\ BvEt y etd

i(y@yA(mm^ 14
14. Verily he becometh a chanter unto fulfilment of the desires of men who with this knowledge worshippeth OM
of Udgitha, the eternal syllable. Thus far concerning Self is
the exposition.
And the third section

aTAEDd


{ By-y tmso BvEt
y ev\ v

1. Thereafter concerning the Gods. Lo yonder burning fire in
the heavens, worship ye Him as the Udgitha; for the Sun
riseth & singeth his bright hymn unto the peoples. Yea he
riseth, & darkness is slain & its terror - therefore shall
he be a slayer of the terror & the darkness, he who thus
knoweth.




2. Breath & the Sun are one & alike - for the one is heat &
the other is heat, and they call Breath the mover and the Sun
too they call the mover & they call him also the mover that
returneth upon his paths - therefore ye shall worship both
the one & the other as Udgitha.

aT Kl; &yAnm

256

Kena and Other Upanishads: Part Two

3. Thereafter verily ye shall worship Vyana the middle breath
as Udgitha. For when one breathes forth it is Prana, the
Main Breath, & when one breathes down it is Apana, the
lower breath. Now this which is the joint & linking of
the main breath & the lower breath, is Vyana - & Vyana,
it is Speech. Therefore 'tis when one neither breatheth
forth nor breatheth down that one giveth utterance to
Speech.



4. But Speech is the Rik - therefore 'tis when one neither
breatheth out nor breatheth in that one uttereth the Rik. And
Rik it is Sama - therefore 'tis when one neither breatheth
out nor breatheth in that one chanteth the Sama. But Sama
it is Udgitha - therefore 'tis when one neither breatheth out
nor breatheth in that one singeth Udgitha.




5. Hence whatsoever actions there be that are of might &
forcefulness as smiting out fire from the tinder or leaping a
great barrier or bending a stark & mighty bow, it is when
one neither breatheth out nor breatheth in that one doeth
these. And for this cause ye shall worship the middle breath
as Udgitha.


6. Thereafter verily ye shall worship the syllables of the
Udgitha saying Udgitha & Prana is the first syllable, because
one riseth up with the main breath & Speech is the second
syllable, because they call Speech that which goeth forth &

Chhandogya Upanishad

257

food is the third syllable, because in food all this Universe
is established.



sAmv




{ vAg^ doh\ yo vAco
doho_/vAn/Ado BvEt y etA y

iEt 7
7. Heaven is the first syllable, the middle air is the second
syllable, earth is the third syllable. The Sun is the first syllable, Air is the second syllable, Fire is the third syllable.
The Samaveda is the first syllable, Yajurveda is the second
syllable, Rigveda is the third syllable. To him Speech is a
cow that yieldeth sweet milk - & what is this milking of
Speech? - even that he becometh rich in food & the eater
of food who knoweth these & worshippeth the syllables of
Udgitha saying lo even this is Udgitha.



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